United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with

Ohio Department of

Natural Resources,

Division of Soil and Water

Conservation; Ohio

Agricultural Research and

Development Center; Ohio

State University Extension;

Erie Soil and Water

Conservation District; and

Erie County

Commissioners

Soil Survey of

Erie County, Ohio

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called

general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the

area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of

the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and

management of small areas.

To find information about your area

of interest, locate that area on the

Index to Map Sheets. Note the

number of the map sheet and turn

to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table

has data on a specific land use for

each detailed soil map unit. Also

see the Contents for sections of

this publication that may address

your specific needs.

How To Use This Soil Survey
ii

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1992. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1992. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; the Ohio Department of

Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation; the Ohio Agricultural

Research and Development Center; the Ohio State University Extension; the Erie Soil

and Water Conservation District; and the Erie County Commissioners. The survey is

part of the technical assistance furnished to the Erie Soil and Water Conservation

District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its

programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, or,

where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual

orientation, genetic information, or political beliefs; as a means of reprisal; or because

all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program.

(Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,

audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and

TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 800-795-3272

(voice) or 202-720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Cover: Sunset at Sheldons Marsh in Erie County, Ohio. (Photograph courtesy of

Arnold W. Ehrsam)
iii

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey .................................. i

Foreword ............................................................... vii

General Nature of the County ................................... 2

Climate ................................................................. 2

History .................................................................. 2

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage ...................... 2

Glacial Geology .................................................... 3

Bedrock Geology .................................................. 4

Natural Resources ............................................... 4

Transportation Facilities ........................................ 5

How This Survey Was Made ..................................... 5

Survey Procedures ............................................... 6

General Soil Map Units .......................................... 9

1. Toledo-Fulton ............................................... 9

2. Del Rey-Milford ............................................ 9

3. Weyers-Endoaquents-Sandusky ............... 11

4. Bennington-Haskins-Cardington ................ 11

5. Pewamo-Bennington .................................. 12

6. Mahoning-Ellsworth-Orrville....................... 13

7. Allis-Bennington ......................................... 13

8. Hornell-Fries-Colwood, bedrock

substratum ............................................. 14

9. Milton-Millsdale-Castalia ............................ 15

10. Kibbie-Colwood-Elnora .............................. 16

11. Jimtown-Oshtemo-Millgrove ....................... 16

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 19

AaA—Adrian muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes .......... 20

AeA—Algiers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 21

AkA—Allis clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes........ 21

AmD2—Amanda loam, 12 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 22

AnG—Amanda-Dekalb-Rock outcrop

association, 40 to 70 percent slopes ............ 22

Bc—Beaches ..................................................... 24

BdB—Belmore loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ........ 24

BeA—Bennington loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 24

BgA—Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 25

BgB—Bennington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 26

BkA—Bixler loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 26

BkB—Bixler loamy fine sand, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 27

BvG—Brecksville silt loam, 40 to 70 percent

slopes .......................................................... 28

CaA—Cardington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 28

CaB—Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 29

CbC2—Cardington silty clay loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 30

CcA—Castalia very channery loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes .......................................... 31

CcB—Castalia very channery loam, 2 to

6 percent slopes .......................................... 31

CcD—Castalia very channery loam, 12 to

18 percent slopes ........................................ 32

ChB—Chili loam, loamy substratum, 2 to

6 percent slopes .......................................... 33

CmA—Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 34

CnA—Colwood silt loam, bedrock substratum,

0 to 1 percent slopes.................................... 34

CoA—Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ..... 35

CtB—Conotton loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes........ 36

CuC—Conotton gravelly loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 36

DbB—Dekalb channery loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 37

DbD—Dekalb channery loam, 12 to 18 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

DeA—Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 38

DuA—Dunbridge loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

DuB—Dunbridge loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

EcA—Elliott silt loam, bedrock substratum,

0 to 2 percent slopes.................................... 40

EdB—Ellsworth silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 41

EdC2—Ellsworth silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 41

EnA—Elnora loamy fine sand, 0 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 42

EoA—Elnora loamy fine sand, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 4 percent slopes ................ 43

EsA—Endoaquents, loamy, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 44
iv

FnA—Fluvaquents, silty, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

frequently flooded ........................................ 44

FoB—Fox loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ................ 45

FrA—Fries silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

FuA—Fulton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 46

GdA—Gilford fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 47

HdA—Harrod silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

frequently flooded ........................................ 47

HkA—Haskins loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 48

HoA—Holly silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded..................................... 49

HpB—Hornell loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes.......... 49

HrB—Hornell silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ..... 50

HsA—Hornell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 51

JtA—Jimtown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 51

JuA—Joliet silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ........ 52

KbA—Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 53

MaA—Mahoning silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 53

MaB—Mahoning silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 54

MbB—Marblehead loam, 0 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 55

MeA—Mermill silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 55

MfA—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 56

MgA—Millgrove loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes....... 57

MmA—Millsdale silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 57

MnA—Milton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 58

MnB—Milton silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ...... 58

MrA—Miner silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 59

MsA—Miner silt loam, bedrock substratum,

0 to 1 percent slopes.................................... 60

MxA—Mitiwanga silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 60

MxB—Mitiwanga silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 61

NoA—Nolin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded..................................... 62

OaB—Oakville loamy fine sand, 0 to

6 percent slopes .......................................... 62

OgA—Ogontz fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 63

OhB—Ogontz silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes .... 63

OmA—Olmsted loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 64

OpA—Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum,

0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded ......................................................... 65

OrA—Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum,

0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded ..... 65

OsB—Oshtemo loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 66

PcA—Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 67

Pg—Pits, gravel or sand ..................................... 67

Pk—Pits, quarry ................................................. 67

PmA—Plumbrook fine sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes .......................................... 68

RaA—Randolph silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 68

RcA—Rawson sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 70

RcB—Rawson sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 70

RgA—Rimer loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 71

RhA—Ritchey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......... 72

RhB—Ritchey loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes ......... 72

RhC—Ritchey loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes ....... 73

SaA—Sandusky loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ..... 73

SbF—Saylesville silt loam, 25 to 40 percent

slopes .......................................................... 74

ShB—Shinrock silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 75

SkC2—Shinrock silty clay loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 75

SkD2—Shinrock silty clay loam, 12 to

18 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 76

SpB—Spinks loamy fine sand, 0 to

6 percent slopes .......................................... 77

SpD—Spinks loamy fine sand, 12 to

18 percent slopes ........................................ 77
v

TgA—Tioga loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded..................................... 78

TnA—Toledo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes .......................................................... 78

ToA—Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 79

TpA—Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

ponded ......................................................... 80

TuA—Tuscola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 80

TuB—Tuscola fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 81

UcB—Udipsamments-Spinks complex,

0 to 6 percent slopes.................................... 82

UdB—Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 83

W—Water........................................................... 83

WaB—Wakeman sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes .......................................................... 83

WaC—Wakeman sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 84

WeA—Weyers silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ... 85

ZuC2—Zurich silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 85

ZuD2—Zurich silt loam, 12 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 86

ZuE2—Zurich silt loam, 18 to 25 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 87

ZuF—Zurich silt loam, 25 to 40 percent

slopes .......................................................... 87

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 89

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 89

Trends in Land Use ........................................ 89

Soil Properties and Cropland Management.... 90

Erosion Factors .............................................. 92

Soil Properties and Pasture Management ...... 92

Specialty Crops .............................................. 93

Yields per Acre............................................... 93

Cropland Limitations and Hazards ................. 94

Land Capability Classification ........................ 96

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations .............. 97

Prime Farmland ............................................. 98

Woodland Management and Productivity ........... 99

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings ........ 101

Landscape Plants ............................................. 101

Recreation ........................................................ 103

Wildlife Habitat ................................................. 104

Hydric Soils ...................................................... 106

Engineering ...................................................... 107

Building Site Development ........................... 108

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 108

Construction Materials ................................. 110

Water Management ...................................... 111

Soil Properties .................................................... 113

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 113

Physical and Chemical Properties .................... 114

Soil Features .................................................... 116

Water Features ................................................. 116

Physical and Chemical Analyses of Selected

Soils ........................................................... 117

Engineering Index Test Data ............................. 117

Classification of the Soils .................................. 119

Soil Series and Their Morphology ......................... 119

Adrian Series ................................................... 120

Algiers Series ................................................... 120

Allis Series ....................................................... 121

Amanda Series................................................. 122

Belmore Series................................................. 123

Bennington Series ............................................ 124

Bixler Series ..................................................... 125

Brecksville Series ............................................. 126

Cardington Series ............................................ 127

Castalia Series ................................................. 128

Chili Series ....................................................... 129

Colwood Series ................................................ 130

Condit Series.................................................... 131

Conotton Series ............................................... 132

Dekalb Series ................................................... 133

Del Rey Series ................................................. 133

Dunbridge Series ............................................. 134

Elliott Series ..................................................... 135

Ellsworth Series ............................................... 136

Elnora Series.................................................... 137

Fox Series ........................................................ 138

Fries Series ...................................................... 140

Fulton Series .................................................... 140

Gilford Series ................................................... 141

Harrod Series ................................................... 142

Haskins Series ................................................. 143

Holly Series ...................................................... 144

Hornell Series .................................................. 145
vi

Issued January 2006

Jimtown Series ................................................. 146

Joliet Series...................................................... 147

Kibbie Series .................................................... 147

Mahoning Series .............................................. 148

Marblehead Series ........................................... 149

Mermill Series .................................................. 150

Milford Series ................................................... 151

Millgrove Series ................................................ 152

Millsdale Series ................................................ 153

Milton Series .................................................... 154

Miner Series ..................................................... 155

Mitiwanga Series .............................................. 156

Nolin Series ...................................................... 157

Oakville Series ................................................. 158

Ogontz Series .................................................. 158

Olmsted Series................................................. 159

Orrville Series .................................................. 160

Oshtemo Series ............................................... 161

Pewamo Series ................................................ 162

Plumbrook Series ............................................. 163

Randolph Series ............................................... 164

Rawson Series ................................................. 165

Rimer Series .................................................... 166

Ritchey Series .................................................. 168

Sandusky Series .............................................. 168

Saylesville Series ............................................. 169

Shinrock Series ................................................ 170

Spinks Series ................................................... 171

Tioga Series ..................................................... 172

Toledo Series ................................................... 173

Tuscola Series .................................................. 173

Wakeman Series .............................................. 175

Weyers Series .................................................. 175

Zurich Series .................................................... 176

Formation of the Soils........................................ 179

Factors of Soil Formation ................................. 179

Parent Material ............................................. 179

Climate......................................................... 180

Living Organisms ......................................... 180

Relief............................................................ 181

Time ............................................................. 181

Processes of Soil Formation............................. 181

References .......................................................... 183

Glossary .............................................................. 185

Tables .................................................................. 197

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 198

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ........ 199

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 199

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 200

Table 5.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Pasture ......................... 202

Table 6a.—Crop Yield Index ............................. 207

Table 6b.—Hay and Pasture Yield Index ........... 211

Table 7.—Main Cropland Limitations and

Hazards ..................................................... 212

Table 8.—Capability Classes and Subclasses .. 223

Table 9.—Prime Farmland ................................ 224

Table 10.—Woodland Management and

Productivity ................................................ 226

Table 11.—Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 243

Table 12.—Recreational Development.............. 256

Table 13.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 264

Table 14.—Building Site Development .............. 270

Table 15.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 282

Table 16.—Construction Materials .................... 291

Table 17.—Water Management ........................ 299

Table 18.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 311

Table 19a.—Physical Properties of the Soils .... 335

Table 19b.—Chemical Properties of the Soils ... 344

Table 20.—Soil Features .................................. 353

Table 21.—Water Features ............................... 358

Table 22.—Engineering Index Test Data ........... 370

Table 23.—Classification of the Soils ................ 371

Interpretive Groups ............................................ 373
vii

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in Erie County,

Ohio. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations that affect various land uses. The

landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and

regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information is available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Ohio State University Extension.

Terry J. Cosby

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

1

ERIE COUNTY is in north-central Ohio (fig. 1). It is

bordered by Lake Erie to the north, Lorain County to

the east, Huron County to the south, Sandusky

County to the west, and Ottawa County to the

northwest. The county includes Kelleys Island, which

is the second largest island in Lake Erie. Erie County

has a total area of 181,587 acres, or 283 square miles.

In 1990, the population of the county was 76,779.

Sandusky, the county seat, had a population of 29,764

(U.S. Department of Commerce 1990).

Industry and farming are the major enterprises in

Erie County. The county supports strong

manufacturing and tourism industries. It has both light

and heavy industrial plants. The automobile industry

employs a large portion of the county’s workforce.

There are also strong retail and service sectors in

the county. About 35 miles of shoreline provides

income-producing opportunities for marinas, sport

fishing companies, private beach owners, and other

tourist industries. Cedar Point, one of the Nation’s

largest amusement parks, is in Erie County.

Firelands College, a branch campus of Bowling

Green State University, provides local educational

opportunities.

Most agricultural land is used for cash-grain crops.

Hay, corn, wheat, and soybeans are the principal

crops. Sugar beets and specialty crops, such as

cabbage, tomatoes, and melons, are also grown. Dairy

and livestock enterprises are also important sources

of revenue. There are some vineyards and orchards in

the survey area. A small percentage of land is devoted

to woodland. This land is generally on steep slopes

along major streams and in undrained areas.

Soil Survey of

Erie County, Ohio

By Rick A. Robbins and Neil H. Martin, Ohio Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Soil and Water Conservation

Fieldwork by N.H. Martin, S.T. Prebonick, J.R. Svoboda, and J.W. Kerr,

Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation;

the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; the Ohio State University

Extension; the Erie Soil and Water Conservation District; and the Erie County

Commissioners

Figure 1.—Location of Erie County in Ohio.
2 Soil Survey

This survey updates an earlier soil survey of Erie

County published in 1971 (Redmond and others

1971). It provides additional information and has larger

maps. It also provides updated photographic imagery.

General Nature of the County

This section provides general information about the

county. It describes climate; history; physiography,

relief, and drainage; glacial geology; bedrock geology;

natural resources; and transportation facilities.

Climate

Erie County is cold in winter and hot in summer.

Lake Erie provides a tempering influence during the

summer and fall. Winter precipitation, frequently in the

form of snow, results in a good accumulation of soil

moisture by spring and minimizes drought during the

summer. Normal annual precipitation patterns are

adequate for all of the crops that are adapted to the

temperature and the growing season in the survey

area.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at the Sandusky, Ohio,

climate station in the period 1961-90. Table 2 shows

probable dates of the first freeze in fall and the last

freeze in the spring. Table 3 provides data on length of

the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 27 degrees F

and the average daily minimum temperature is

20 degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred on January 21, 1985, is -17 degrees. In

summer, the average temperature is 72 degrees

and the average daily maximum temperature is

80 degrees. The highest recorded temperature,

which occurred on July 14, 1936, is 105 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 34 inches.

Of this, about 20.6 inches, or nearly 61 percent,

usually falls in April through September. The growing

season for most crops falls within this period. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record was

6.01 inches on July 12, 1966. Thunderstorms occur

on about 37 days each year, and most occur in June.

The average seasonal snowfall is 27.4 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

was 25 inches. On the average, 32 days of the

year have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The

number of such days varies greatly from year to

year. The heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was

14 inches.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 84 percent. The sun shines

64 percent of the time possible in summer and

41 percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the

west-southwest. Average wind speed is highest,

11 miles per hour, in March.

History

The county was populated mainly by people of the

Erie Tribe until their defeat by the Iroquois

Confederacy. Other Native Americans that inhabited

the area were from the Wyandotte, Ottawa, Chippewa,

Delaware, and Seneca Tribes.

The first Europeans in the area were French

traders. France later gave up any claim to the land

when it signed a treaty with Great Britain in 1763.

Great Britain lost control of the land 20 years later

after the Revolutionary War.

The land in Erie County was originally part of the

State of Connecticut’s Western Reserve. The county

was also designated as the “Fire Sufferer Lands.” This

name was later shortened to “The Firelands.” Tracts of

land in this reserve were used to compensate citizens

of Connecticut who suffered severe property losses at

the hands of the British during the Revolutionary War.

Erie County was established in 1838. It was

established because Sandusky had become a natural

center of commerce in the area and there was a

statewide trend to reduce the size of the larger

counties.

Shipping was an important part of the county’s

history and development in the early years. The Erie

Canal linked Lake Erie to the Hudson River, providing

access to East Coast markets for northern Ohio

products.

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

Erie County is part of the Central Lowland Province.

As an area of lake plain and till plain physiography,

Erie County has relatively uniform, level topography.

The highest point in the county, in Berlin Township, is

320 feet above the approximate mean level of Lake

Erie. Most of the county has a slope of 6 percent or

less. The steeper areas generally are a result of deep

stream dissection. Beach ridges and bedrock ridges

account for a small percentage of the steeper areas.
Erie County, Ohio 3

Erie County drains northward into Lake Erie. There

are 17 distinct watershed areas in the county. The

primary watersheds include Mills Creek and Pipe

Creek to the west, the Huron River in the central part

of the county, Old Woman Creek in the east-central

part of the county, and the Vermilion River on the

eastern edge of the county. The other watersheds are

drained by small creeks.

Glacial Geology

Richard R. Pavey, Ohio Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Geological Survey, helped to prepare this section.

Significantly later in geological time (about 2 million

years ago), glaciers began to move across the area in

a southern and western direction. Many glacial

advances, with ice as much as 1 mile in thickness,

followed by subsequent melting and recessions, filled

valleys and low bedrock areas with glacial till and

lacustrine sand, silt, and clay. The late Wisconsin

glaciers, approximately 15,000 to 24,000 years ago,

were the last glaciers to cover Erie County. The glacial

ice gouged out a preglacial river valley to form the

Lake Erie Basin. As sheets of ice advanced uphill out

of the basin, high bedrock areas obstructed glacial

deposition, leaving the bedrock hills thinly covered with

drift or completely exposed. Examples of soils that

formed in a thin mantle of glacial material over

bedrock include Mitiwanga and Millsdale soils.

Brecksville and Wakeman soils formed in residuum on

rock outcrops.

Away from the bedrock hills, thicker layers of glacial

material were deposited. As the ice sheet melted and

receded, the unsorted material carried by the glacier

was deposited in a fairly uniform layer known as

glacial till. The thickness and composition of glacial till

vary widely within the county. Soil formation in the till is

generally only a few feet thick. Where these till layers

were very thin or eroded away, soils formed in older,

harder till. The clay content of the till is highest near

Lake Erie and lowest near bedrock areas where the

ice sheets eroded and transported some of the

coarser local material. Bennington, Miner, and

Pewamo soils are examples of soils formed in glacial

till.

As the glacial ice was receding for the last time, the

Lake Erie Basin was filled by a series of different lakes

that formed in front of the ice sheet. For a few

thousand years, lake levels varied in these lakes as

drainage outlets were blocked or opened by the

fluctuating ice front of the last glacier. Lacustrine

sediments settled out of the water in these glacial

lakes. Many soils in the county formed in these

lacustrine deposits, including the Del Rey, Fulton, and

Toledo soils.

Fluctuating lake levels and wave action formed

wave-erosion-enhanced cliffs, smoothed out shallow

bottom areas, wave planed the glacial till, and

provided coarse sediments to form beaches. Beach

ridges throughout the county are products of these

earlier lake levels. Chili, Fox, and Oshtemo soils

formed in these materials. Scattered throughout the

county are peculiarly shaped segments of old beach

ridges. These remnants provide evidence of the

reworking of beach sediments during subsequent

higher lake levels, caused by slight readvances of the

ice sheet far to the north. In shallow water areas, wave

action washed the finer sized particles out of the

glacial material, leaving patches of coarser sediments

on top of the glacial till. Haskins and Mermill soils

formed in this water-modified glacial till material.

Through erosion, river levels stayed in balance with

the fluctuating lake levels. Offshore sands were

deposited in shallow water near the lake boundaries.

Deltas formed where rivers and streams met the

various lake levels. Deltaic deposits are particularly

evident in the Milan Township area. As the stream

waters entered the lake and lost velocity, sands were

deposited first. Silts were deposited in the somewhat

deeper areas, and clays were deposited in the

deepest areas. Kibbie and Tuscola soils formed in

such deltaic deposits. These natural processes

continue along the present-day Lake Erie shoreline.

In northwestern Margaretta Township, subterranean

springs and seepage areas developed at the base of

limestone cliffs. The calcium-carbonate-charged water

flowing from the limestone bedrock formed calcareous

tufa rock on top of the earlier deposited lacustrine

sediments. Sandusky and Weyers soils formed in this

type of parent material.

Sinkholes occur in limestone bedrock-controlled

areas of the county. Carbon dioxide from the

atmosphere mixes with rainwater and forms a weak

acid solution, which dissolves the carbonate rock as it

percolates through cracks in the bedrock. Some

sinkholes are small funnel-shaped openings that are

1 to 2 feet in diameter at the surface; others are filled

with soil material and may remain unnoticed unless

the bedrock is exposed during excavation activities.

Larger sinkholes form when the collapse of the

unsupported roof of an underground cavity leaves a

depression in the landscape. Soils that are shallow to

bedrock, such as Ritchey soils, and moderately deep

soils, such as Milton and Castalia soils, can include

sinkhole areas. Short, shear-faced ledges delineate

the perimeter of some old sinkholes. Rock

outcroppings are included in some units.
4 Soil Survey

In the past, sinkholes have been used as outlets for

surface and subsurface drainage and for septic tank

effluent. This practice can result in the pollution of

ground water. Some sinks will discharge ground water

as subsurface water rises during prolonged periods of

heavy rainfall.

Bedrock Geology

Richard R. Pavey, Ohio Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Geological Survey, helped to prepare this section.

Erie County, which is in the eastern part of the

Central Lowland Province, consists primarily of lake

plain physiography, but till plain physiography occurs in

the southeastern part of the county (ODNR, Division

of Geological Survey 1998). Bedrock outcroppings are

common throughout the county.

Proceeding from west to east in Erie County, the

underlying bedrock dips and becomes progressively

younger. The bedrock within the county is of

sedimentary origin, primarily limestone, dolostone,

shale, and sandstone. The Silurian bedrock is primarily

limestone and dolostone. The Devonian bedrock is

primarily limestone, dolostone, and shale. The

Mississippian bedrock is primarily shale and

sandstone (ODNR, Division of Geological Survey

1947)

The Bass Island and Niagara Groups of the Silurian

System underlie the western sections of the county,

especially in Margaretta and Groton Townships. Salina

Dolostone occurs at Crystal Rock in the northwestern

part of Margaretta Township. Prout Limestone forms a

narrow band near the surface in the southeastern part

of Groton Township and the southern part of Perkins

Township. Plum Brook Shale is in the northwest corner

of Oxford Township. Ohio Shale of the Devonian

System extends from the west-central part to the

northeastern part of the county and occurs in the cliffs

along the Vermilion River. Bedford Shale and Berea

Sandstone of the Mississippian System are in the

southeastern part of the county, beginning with a line

extending from the northeastern part of Vermilion

Township to the southwestern part of Berlin Township.

During the period ranging from the Silurian to

Mississippian Systems (420 to 350 million years ago),

Erie County was covered by a large, tropical inland

sea. In the deeper areas, sediments consisting of

deposits of carbonate precipitates, shells, and corals

formed limestone and dolostone. Silt and clay

sediments formed shale, while quartz and other

silicate minerals were deposited and formed

sandstone in shallow water areas. As sedimentation

and cementation continued, the pressures generated

by the tremendous weight of the overlying sediments

helped to form the bedrock of the county.

This depositional stage was followed by a

prolonged period of geologic erosion that left a

landscape of bedrock hills and stream valleys. Surface

water drained northward into a large, eastward-flowing

valley that occupied the present-day Lake Erie Basin.

Erosion left the oldest bedrock units exposed in the

northwestern part of the county and the youngest

exposed towards the southeastern part.

Natural Resources

The natural resources of the county include water,

sand and gravel, and some layers of bedrock.

The ground water in Erie County varies

considerably in quality and quantity. Water is obtained

from glacial material or bedrock, depending upon the

location of the well site. Surface runoff, infiltration

rates, and geologic material affect the water supply.

Glacial deposits with lenses and stratified layers of

sand and gravel are typically good sources of water

and yield from 20 to 250 gallons per minute; however,

most wells in areas of glacial deposits have low yields,

generally less than 10 gallons per minute (ODNR,

Division of Water 1986). The yield of wells drilled in

bedrock varies according to the area of the county and

the type of geologic material.

Areas underlain by cavernous limestone bedrock in

the northwestern part of Erie County can yield up to

500 gallons per minute (ODNR, Division of Water

1986). A large quantity of the ground water obtained

from limestone formations in the western part of the

county has a potential for contamination resulting from

underground disposal of wastewater. The water from

some wells drilled in limestone has high

concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.

In areas of Berea Sandstone, yields are generally

less than 10 gallons per minute because of the

thickness and recharge potential of this material. A

large portion of Erie County is underlain by shale

bedrock. Wells drilled in shale bedrock typically have

low yields of less than 5 gallons per minute. They also

may have high levels of hardness and mineral

concentrations.

Dug wells, cisterns, and ponds are sometimes used

to meet water demands in the county. Lake Erie is also

a source of water. Control of surface- and groundwater pollution is needed to ensure a quality water

supply. Information regarding specific sites may be

obtained at the office of the Ohio Department of

Natural Resources, Division of Water, in Columbus,

Ohio.
Erie County, Ohio 5

Sand and gravel for local usage have been mined in

the past from beach ridges and dunes that are on the

lake plains. Sand is still mined in a few areas of the

county.

Rock quarries have provided building stone in the

past. Limestone and sandstone are still quarried for

local use.

Transportation Facilities

Erie County is accessible by land, water, and air.

U.S. Highway 6 passes through the county. The Ohio

Turnpike (Interstate 80/90) crosses the county and

provides rapid access to the metropolitan areas of

Cleveland and Toledo. Additional highway access is

provided by six Federal and State highways. State

highways and a system of well paved county and

township roads provide easy access to all areas of

the county. Two major railroad lines traverse the

county.

Shipping access to Lake Erie is available in Huron,

Sandusky, and Vermilion. Numerous public or private

boating facilities are available along the shoreline.

Two airports, Griffing Sandusky Airport and the

Erie-Ottawa Regional Airport, are located in the

county.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is

the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.

The profile extends from the surface down into the

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The

unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other

living organisms and has not been changed by other

biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept or model of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification

used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind

and character of soil properties and the arrangement

of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists

classified and named the soils in the survey area, they

compared the individual soils with similar soils in the

same taxonomic class in other areas so that they

could confirm data and assemble additional data

based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.
6 Soil Survey

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.

The descriptions, names, and delineations of the

soils in this survey area do not fully agree with those

of the soils in adjacent survey areas. Differences are

the result of a better knowledge of soils, modifications

in series concepts, variations in the intensity of

mapping or in the extent of the soils in the survey

areas, and the use of the State Soil Geographic data

(STATSGO) map as the base for the general soil map.

Survey Procedures

Erie County was one of the first counties in the

State of Ohio to have a soil survey modernization. The

general procedures followed in making this survey are

described in the National Soil Survey Handbook

(USDA n.d.) of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service. The “Soil Survey of Erie County, Ohio,” issued

in February 1971 (Redmond and others 1971) and

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic

quadrangles were among the references used.

Prior to the soil survey modernization, a soil survey

review team conducted an evaluation of the 1971 Erie

County soil survey at the request of the Erie County

Commissioners. A report of the evaluation was

prepared and sent to the Ohio Soil Inventory Board for

review. After reviewing the evaluation report, the Soil

Inventory Board recommended a soil survey

modernization program and outlined the work to be

completed for the soil survey modernization.

Before the actual fieldwork was begun, a detailed

study of all existing laboratory data, soil survey

reports, and research studies was conducted by the

Erie County soil survey staff. The soil scientists used

USGS topographic maps, at a scale of 1:24,000, to

relate land and image features.

Erie County includes a large number of soil series.

The 1971 soil survey is a valuable historical document

that was relied on extensively during the

modernization process. Patterns of soils on the

landscape are typically complex. Modern soil survey

procedures differ from those used in the earlier survey.

Some soil series names used in the earlier report no

longer apply to the soils that were mapped and

correlated during this update. Soil scientists making

the 1971 survey did not recognize all of the soil series

that current soil scientists using modern taxonomy and

classification recognized during this survey. In

addition, soil observations and evaluations during the

1971 survey were made to a depth of 60 inches or

less, and during this modernization project,

observations and evaluations were routinely made to a

depth of 80 inches or to bedrock.

Recent aerial photographs, photographs from

earlier flights, a geology map of Ohio (ODNR, Division

of Geological Survey 1947), and the USGS

quadrangles were used in making the survey. The

maps and soil descriptions in the previous soil survey

of Erie County were used as references in the

correlation of soil series and map units (Redmond

and others 1971). The old survey was also used to

determine the areas of highest variability when the

mapping and transect intervals were planned.

A reconnaissance was made by vehicle before the

soil scientists traversed the surface on foot and

examined the soils. As they traversed the surface, the

soil scientists divided the landscape into segments

based on the use and management of the soils. For

example, a rise would be separated from a depression

or a gently sloping knoll or a backslope would be

separated from a flat. Soil map units were traversed at

varying intervals depending on the complexity of the

soil types and patterns in the area. Sample map units

from the 1971 survey were transected. Borings were

made at selected intervals on the transect to

determine the composition of soil types within the map

units. Soil scientists compared existing map units with

the soil types in the area to see if earlier unrecognized

soils with significant interpretive differences should be

identified and separated during the survey

modernization. Map unit boundaries were determined

on the basis of soil examinations, observations, and

photo interpretation. When necessary, map units were

redelineated so that new series could be included and

soil types recognized earlier could be better

differentiated. Some map units were enlarged to

include units previously mapped as another soil type

when the differences in soil properties were not
Erie County, Ohio 7

significant enough to require an additional map unit

delineation.

After completion of the fieldwork, map unit

delineations were transferred by hand to another set of

photographs. Surface features were recorded from

observation of the maps and the landscape.

Representative pedon sites from the 1971 survey

were located, and the soils at these sites were

examined in order to determine if they would meet

present-day interpretation needs. The classification of

these pedons also was compared with modern soil

taxonomy standards. If the pedon was found to differ

significantly in characteristics, a new pedon site was

located that had soil properties that were

representative of observations made during this soil

survey.

Most soils were examined using hand augers and

soil tubes. Field notes were taken during the

evaluation process. Deeper samples were taken to

document soil material to a depth of 80 inches or to

bedrock if it was within a depth of 80 inches. These

samples were obtained by taking soil cores using a

probe truck or using a hand auger with extensions.

Pedons described as typical were studied and

documented in dug pits. Samples for laboratory

analyses were taken at these pits and at other

locations in the county to obtain chemical and

physical analyses and to determine engineering

properties. This information was used in the

classification, correlation, and interpretation of

specific soil types.

The samples for chemical and physical analyses

were taken from representative sites of several of the

soils in the county. These analyses were made by the

Soil Characterization Laboratory, School of Natural

Resources, The Ohio State University, in Columbus,

Ohio. The results of these analyses are stored in a

computerized data file at the laboratory. The analyses

for engineering properties were made by the Ohio

Department of Transportation, Division of Highways,

Testing Laboratory, in Columbus, Ohio. The laboratory

procedures can be obtained on request from the

respective laboratories. The results of the analyses

can be obtained from the School of Natural

Resources, The Ohio State University; the Ohio

Department of Natural Resources, Division of Soil and

Water Conservation; and the Ohio State Office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service in

Columbus, Ohio.

9

The general soil map shows broad areas that have

a distinctive pattern of soils, relief, and drainage. Each

map unit on the general soil map is a unique natural

landscape. Typically, it consists of one or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas and some minor soils or

miscellaneous areas. It is named for the major soils or

miscellaneous areas. The components of one map unit

can occur in another but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,

areas where the soils are not suitable can be

identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place

in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics

that affect management.

1. Toledo-Fulton

Very deep, level and nearly level, very poorly drained

and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in

lacustrine deposits

Setting

Landform: Lake plains (fig. 2)

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 6 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Toledo and similar soils—58 percent

Fulton and similar soils—20 percent

Minor soils—22 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Toledo

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay or silty clay

loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Fulton

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Slight rises, flat

areas

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Minor Soils

• The moderately well drained Shinrock soils

on backslopes and shoulders along drainageways

• The very poorly drained and poorly drained

Holly soils on flood plains

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Ponding, wetness,

compaction, slow or very slow permeability, tilth,

crusting

2. Del Rey-Milford

Very deep, level and nearly level, somewhat poorly

drained to very poorly drained soils that formed in

lacustrine deposits

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 8 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Del Rey and similar soils—33 percent

Milford and similar soils—23 percent

Minor soils—44 percent

General Soil Map Units
10 Soil Survey

Soil Properties and Qualities

Del Rey

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight

rises

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Milford

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Minor Soils

• The somewhat poorly drained Rimer soils in flat

areas and on slight rises

• The moderately well drained Shinrock and Tuscola

soils on rises, knolls, and backslopes and on

shoulders along drainageways

• The poorly drained and very poorly drained Holly

soils and the somewhat poorly drained Orrville soils

on flood plains

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Ponding, wetness, tilth,

compaction, crusting, moderately slow or slow

permeability

Figure 2.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Toledo-Fulton general soil map unit.

Toledo

Holly

Fulton

Fulton

Fulton

Shinrock

Lacustrine Sediments

Lacustrine Sediments

Alluvium
Erie County, Ohio 11

3. Weyers-Endoaquents-Sandusky

Very deep, level, very poorly drained soils that formed

in calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine deposits or in

material altered during surface mining for tufa

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 2 percent of the county

Extent of the components in the map unit:

Weyers and similar soils—48 percent

Endoaquents and similar soils—21 percent

Sandusky and similar soils—10 percent

Minor components—21 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Weyers

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas near

spring orifices

Parent material: Calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine

deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Endoaquents

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits that have

been altered by mining or construction

activities

Texture of the surface layer: Varies

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Sandusky

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas near spring

orifices

Parent material: Calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine

deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Minor Components

• The somewhat poorly drained Plumbrook soils in flat

areas and in slight depressions

• The very poorly drained Toledo soils in extensive flat

areas and in depressions

• Areas of water in former borrow pits where the soils

have been mined

Use and Management

Major uses: Habitat for wildlife

Management concerns: Wetness, alkalinity, potential

ground-water contamination

4. Bennington-Haskins-Cardington

Very deep, nearly level to sloping, somewhat poorly

drained and moderately well drained soils that formed

in till or loamy deposits overlying till or lacustrine

deposits

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 13 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Bennington and similar soils—30 percent

Haskins and similar soils—13 percent

Cardington and similar soils—10 percent

Minor soils—47 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Bennington

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, knolls, slight

rises, shoulders, backslopes

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam, loam

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Haskins

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

footslopes

Parent material: Loamy material overlying till or

lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Cardington

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained
12 Soil Survey

Position on the landform: Knolls, shoulders,

backslopes, flat areas

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam, silty clay loam

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Condit and Mermill soils in

depressions and along drainageways

• The somewhat poorly drained, moderately deep

Mitiwanga soils in flat areas and on rises, backslopes,

and footslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Orrville soils on flood

plains

• The well drained Oshtemo soils on backslopes,

shoulders, and summits

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Wetness, erosion, crusting,

compaction, tilth, slow or very slow permeability

5. Pewamo-Bennington

Very deep, level to gently sloping, very poorly drained

and somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in till or

in lacustrine deposits and till

Setting

Landform: Lake plains (fig. 3)

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 11 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Pewamo and similar soils—56 percent

Bennington and similar soils—19 percent

Minor soils—25 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Pewamo

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Pewamo

Pewamo

Bennington

Bennington

Bennington

Cardington

Mermill

Loamy Sediments

Till

Figure 3.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Pewamo-Bennington general soil map unit.
Erie County, Ohio 13

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

till

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Bennington

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

shoulders, backslopes, knolls

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam, loam

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Minor Soils

• The moderately well drained Cardington soils on

knolls, backslopes, shoulders, summits, and slight

rises and in flat areas

• The somewhat poorly drained Elliott soils in flat

areas, on slight rises, and on toeslopes near

depressions

• The somewhat poorly drained, moderately deep

Hornell soils in flat areas and on rises, backslopes,

shoulders, and summits

• The very poorly drained Mermill soils in extensive

flat areas, in depressions, and along drainageways

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Ponding, wetness,

compaction, crusting, tilth, erosion, slow or

moderately slow permeability

6. Mahoning-Ellsworth-Orrville

Very deep, nearly level to sloping, somewhat poorly

drained and moderately well drained soils that formed

in till and in alluvium overlying sandstone

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, flood plains

Slope range: 0 to 12 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 1 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Mahoning and similar soils—26 percent

Ellsworth and similar soils—18 percent

Orrville and similar soils—16 percent

Minor soils—40 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Mahoning

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Ellsworth

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope range: 2 to 12 percent

Orrville

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Parent material: Loamy alluvium overlying sandstone

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Minor Soils

• The well drained Chili and Oshtemo soils on

backslopes, shoulders, and summits

• The somewhat poorly drained Jimtown soils in flat

areas and on rises

• The moderately well drained Rawson soils on

backslopes, shoulders, summits, knolls, and rises and

in flat areas

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Wetness, erosion, flooding,

crusting, slow or very slow permeability,

compaction

7. Allis-Bennington

Moderately deep and very deep, nearly level and

gently sloping, poorly drained and somewhat poorly

drained soils that formed entirely in till or in till or

lacustrine deposits overlying shale

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent
14 Soil Survey

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 4 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Allis and similar soils—59 percent

Bennington and similar soils—10 percent

Minor soils—31 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Allis

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas, slight

rises

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Bennington

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

backslopes, knolls, shoulders

Parent material: Till

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam,

loam

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Minor Soils

• The very poorly drained Condit and Fries soils in flat

areas and in depressions and drainageways

• The well drained Dekalb soils on backslopes,

shoulders, and summits

• The somewhat poorly drained Hornell soils in flat

areas and on rises, backslopes, shoulders, and

summits

• The somewhat poorly drained Orrville soils on flood

plains

Use and Management

Major uses: Woodland, cropland

Management concerns: Wetness, depth to rock,

compaction, slow or very slow permeability,

erosion, crusting, potential ground-water

contamination

8. Hornell-Fries-Colwood, bedrock

substratum

Moderately deep and deep, level to gently sloping,

somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained

soils that formed in till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 6 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Hornell and similar soils—32 percent

Fries and similar soils—19 percent

Colwood, bedrock substratum, and similar

soils—16 percent

Minor soils—33 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Hornell

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam, loam, silt

loam

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Fries

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Slope: 0 or 1 percent

Colwood, bedrock substratum

Depth class: Deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained
Erie County, Ohio 15

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

overlying shale

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Minor Soils

• The moderately well drained Elnora soils on rises,

backslopes, shoulders, and summits

• The very poorly drained Miner soils that have a

bedrock substratum and are in flat areas and in

drainageways and depressions

• The very poorly drained, very deep Pewamo soils

in extensive flat areas and in drainageways and

depressions

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Wetness, ponding,

compaction, slow or very slow permeability,

erosion, potential ground-water contamination,

depth to rock, tilth

9. Milton-Millsdale-Castalia

Moderately deep, level to moderately steep, very

poorly drained and well drained soils that formed in till,

lacustrine deposits, and residuum derived from

limestone or dolostone or in beach or eolian deposits

intermixed with limestone fragments overlying

limestone or dolostone

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, reefs on lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 18 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 14 percent of the county

Extent of the components in the map unit:

Milton and similar soils—23 percent

Millsdale and similar soils—15 percent

Castalia and similar soils—13 percent

Minor components—49 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Milton

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Parent material: Till and residuum derived from

limestone or dolostone

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Millsdale

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, drainageways,

depressions

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

limestone or dolostone

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Castalia

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Parent material: Beach or eolian deposits

intermixed with glacially displaced limestone

fragments overlying limestone or

dolostone

Texture of the surface layer: Very channery

loam

Slope range: 0 to 18 percent

Minor Components

• The somewhat poorly drained, very deep

Bennington and Kibbie soils in flat areas and on

slight rises

• The well drained Dunbridge soils in flat areas

and on slight rises, backslopes, shoulders, and

summits

• The very poorly drained, very deep Pewamo

soils in depressions and along drainageways

• Quarries where limestone has been removed

for local use

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland, hayland, pasture

Management concerns: Droughtiness, stoniness,

erosion, ponding, crusting, depth to rock,

rapid to moderately slow permeability, potential

ground-water contamination, compaction,

crusting
16 Soil Survey

10. Kibbie-Colwood-Elnora

Very deep, level to gently sloping, moderately well

drained to very poorly drained soils that formed in

lacustrine deposits or glaciofluvial deposits

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 28 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Kibbie and similar soils—42 percent

Colwood and similar soils—15 percent

Elnora and similar soils—11 percent

Minor soils—32 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Kibbie

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas, slight

rises

Parent material: Stratified loamy and silty glaciofluvial

deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Colwood

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Elnora

Depth class: Very deep and deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Position on the landform: Rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Parent material: Sandy lacustrine deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Minor Soils

• The somewhat poorly drained Bixler soils in flat

areas and on rises, knolls, backslopes, shoulders, and

summits

• The somewhat poorly drained Del Rey and

Plumbrook soils in flat areas

• The moderately well drained Ogontz and Tuscola

soils in flat areas and on slight rises, knolls,

backslopes, and shoulders

• The moderately well drained Zurich soils on

backslopes and shoulders in dissected areas along

streams

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Water and wind erosion,

wetness, ponding, droughtiness, rapid

permeability, potential ground-water

contamination

11. Jimtown-Oshtemo-Millgrove

Very deep, level to gently sloping, somewhat poorly

drained, well drained, and very poorly drained soils

that formed in loamy deposits, sandy deposits, or

beach deposits

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Composition

Extent of the map unit: 7 percent of the county

Extent of the soils in the map unit:

Jimtown and similar soils—20 percent

Oshtemo and similar soils—16 percent

Millgrove and similar soils—15 percent

Minor soils—49 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Jimtown

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises,

footslopes

Parent material: Loamy deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Oshtemo

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits
Erie County, Ohio 17

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Slope range: 0 to 6 percent

Millgrove

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Position on the landform: Drainageways, depressions

Parent material: Beach deposits

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Minor Soils

• The somewhat poorly drained Bennington soils in

flat areas and on slight rises

• The well drained Conotton soils on backslopes,

shoulders, and summits

• The well drained, moderately deep Dekalb soils on

backslopes, shoulders, and summits

• The moderately well drained Elnora soils on rises,

backslopes, shoulders, and summits

• The very poorly drained Miner soils in flat areas and

in drainageways and depressions

• The somewhat poorly drained, moderately deep

Mitiwanga soils in flat areas and on rises, footslopes,

and backslopes

Use and Management

Major uses: Cropland

Management concerns: Wetness, ponding, water and

wind erosion, very rapid permeability,

droughtiness, potential ground-water

contamination

19

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the county. The map unit descriptions in this

section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a map represents an area

dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some “included” areas that belong to other taxonomic

classes.

Most included soils have properties similar to those

of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called similar, or noncontrasting, inclusions. They may

or may not be mentioned in the map unit description.

Other included soils and miscellaneous areas,

however, have properties and behavioral

characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to

require different management. These are called

dissimilar, or contrasting, inclusions. They generally

are in small areas and could not be mapped

separately because of the scale used. Some small

areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous

areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps.

The included areas of contrasting soils or

miscellaneous areas are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few included areas may not have been

observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in

the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so

complex that it was impractical to make enough

observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous

areas on the landscape.

The presence of included areas in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of

the data. The objective of mapping is not to

delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to

separate the landscape into landforms or landform

segments that have similar use and management

requirements. The delineation of such segments on

the map provides sufficient information for the

development of resource plans. If intensive use of

small areas is planned, however, onsite

investigation is needed to define and locate the

soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example,

Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase

of the Bennington series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or associations.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar

Detailed Soil Map Units
20 Soil Survey

in all areas. Udipsamments-Spinks complex, 0 to

6 percent slopes, is an example.

An association is made up of two or more

geographically associated soils or miscellaneous

areas that are shown as one unit on the maps.

Because of present or anticipated uses of the map

units in the survey area, it was not considered

practical or necessary to map the soils or

miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and

relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas

are somewhat similar. Amanda-Dekalb-Rock outcrop

association, 40 to 70 percent slopes, is an example.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. The map unit Pits, quarry, is an

example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

Figure 4 shows the relationship between different

geomorphic slope positions and slope terminology. In

Erie County, these terms are applied only if slopes are

more than 2 percent. More detailed definitions of these

landform components are in the Glossary.

AaA—Adrian muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Closed depressions

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Note: Subject to ponding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 16 inches—black, very friable muck

Subsurface layer:

16 to 28 inches—dark reddish brown, friable sapric

material

Substratum:

28 to 80 inches—dark gray and gray, loose loamy

sand and sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 13.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 110 to 150 milliquivalents

per 100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandy soil material at a depth

of 16 to 51 inches

Kind of water table: Apparent

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 55 to

75 percent

Parent material: Organic deposits overlying sandy

deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the organic material and rapid in the underlying

material

Duration of ponding: Very long

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Muck

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Note: This is a hydric soil. The surface layer is subject

to oxidation, subsidence, and wind erosion.

Composition

Adrian and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more silt in the substratum

• Soils that have a thinner organic layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Gilford soils near the edges of the mapped areas

• Millgrove soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

Figure 4.—Diagram showing the relationship between slope

position and slope terminology.
Erie County, Ohio 21

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

AeA—Algiers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Fans and toeslopes along

depressions

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Substratum:

11 to 31 inches—brown and dark grayish brown,

friable silt loam

Buried surface layer:

31 to 39 inches—black, mottled, firm silty clay loam

Buried subsoil:

39 to 51 inches—dark gray, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

Substratum:

51 to 80 inches—gray, mottled, firm and friable silty

clay loam and silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 10.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 24 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Very deep

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1 to 2 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Alluvium over a buried soil

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Algiers and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Dissimilar soils:

• Very poorly drained soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

AkA—Allis clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas, slight

rises

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark grayish brown, friable clay loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm clay loam

Subsoil:

9 to 14 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm clay loam

14 to 28 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled, firm

clay

Bedrock:

28 to 30 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3.5 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 15 to 32 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Kind of water table: Apparent

Seasonal high water table: Within a depth of 1 foot

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Very slow or slow
22 Soil Survey

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Note: This is a hydric soil.

Composition

Allis and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils near the edges of the mapped areas

• Bennington soils on slight rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

AmD2—Amanda loam, 12 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on ground moraines or

lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

5 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

15 to 27 inches—yellowish brown and brown, mottled,

firm clay loam

27 to 34 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

loam

Substratum:

34 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

34 to 70 inches

Kind of water table: Perched

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Moderately slow in the lower part of the

subsoil and in the substratum

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Amanda and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have lacustrine sediments in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Bennington soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

AnG—Amanda-Dekalb-Rock outcrop

association, 40 to 70 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on ground moraines or

lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes
Erie County, Ohio 23

Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres

Note: Very steep slopes

Typical Profile

Amanda

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

12 to 19 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

19 to 38 inches—yellowish brown, friable and firm

clay loam

38 to 52 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam

Substratum:

52 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable loam

Dekalb

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—very dark gray, friable very channery

loam

Subsoil:

5 to 23 inches—yellowish brown, friable very

channery sandy loam and extremely flaggy

sandy loam

Bedrock:

23 to 25 inches—fractured, unweathered

sandstone

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as vertical escarpments

that are 30 to 80 feet high.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Amanda

Available water capacity: About 10 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

40 to 70 inches

Kind of water table: Perched

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 4 to 6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Moderately slow in the lower part of the

subsoil and in the substratum

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Dekalb

Available water capacity: About 2.1 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Very channery loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Amanda and similar soils: 50 percent

Dekalb and similar soils: 25 percent

Rock outcrop: 20 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Soils similar to the Dekalb soil:

• Soils that have slopes ranging from 70 to

80 percent

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the

subsoil than the Dekalb soil

Soils similar to the Amanda soil:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have more clay in the substratum

• Soils that have a stratified substratum

Components similar to the Rock outcrop:

• Areas of shale outcroppings

Dissimilar soils:

• Jimtown soils on benches

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
24 Soil Survey

Bc—Beaches

Setting

Landform: Current beaches along the Lake Erie

shoreline

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Soil Properties and Qualities

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Dominant parent material: Recent beach deposits

Note: Other soil properties and qualities vary too much

to rate. The map unit is subject to inundation

during storm events.

Composition

Beaches: 90 percent

Dissimilar components: 10 percent

Inclusions

Dissimilar components:

• Erosion-control structures constructed along the

lake margin

BdB—Belmore loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 10 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

9 to 41 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, friable loam and clay loam

Substratum:

41 to 60 inches—brown, mottled, friable gravelly loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 7 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits overlying stratified

loamy, gravelly, and sandy material

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the subsoil and rapid

in the substratum

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Belmore and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil

and substratum

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Milton soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

BeA—Bennington loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable

loam

12 to 34 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

clay loam

Substratum:

34 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam
Erie County, Ohio 25

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

25 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Bennington and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

BgA—Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 10 to 500 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silty

clay loam

11 to 16 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

16 to 29 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm silty clay

and silty clay loam

Substratum:

29 to 36 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

36 to 80 inches—yellowish brown and brown, mottled,

firm clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

25 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Bennington and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:
26 Soil Survey

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

BgB—Bennington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 32 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam and silty clay

Substratum:

32 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

25 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Bennington and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

BkA—Bixler loamy fine sand, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, knolls

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsurface layer:

10 to 17 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, loose

loamy fine sand

17 to 27 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, very friable

loamy sand

Subsoil:

27 to 37 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, very friable fine sandy loam and friable

sandy loam

37 to 44 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm silt loam

with strata of very fine sandy loam

Substratum:

44 to 53 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam with strata of fine sandy loam

53 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, very friable loamy

fine sand stratified with very fine sandy loam and

silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 3 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches
Erie County, Ohio 27

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Sandy deposits overlying stratified

lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Rapid in the sandy material and

moderate in the stratified lacustrine deposits

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Bixler and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have unweathered till at a depth of 60 to

80 inches

• Soils that have thinner sandy layers

• Soils that have a surface layer of sandy loam or fine

sandy loam

Dissimilar soils:

• Gilford soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

BkB—Bixler loamy fine sand, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark brown, very friable loamy fine

sand

Subsurface layer:

10 to 26 inches—brown, mottled, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

26 to 45 inches—gray, mottled, friable silt loam and

firm silty clay loam

Substratum:

45 to 80 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam with strata of fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 3 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Sandy deposits overlying stratified

lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Rapid in the sandy material and

moderate in the stratified lacustrine deposits

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Bixler and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have till at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

• Soils that have more clay in the substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Tuscola soils intermingled with areas of the Bixler

soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
28 Soil Survey

BvG—Brecksville silt loam, 40 to

70 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on ground moraines or

lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: Very steep slopes

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

5 to 17 inches—brown, friable channery silty clay loam

17 to 24 inches—brown, friable very channery silty

clay loam

Bedrock:

24 to 26 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3.7 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 8 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Residuum derived from thin-bedded

shale

Permeability: Slow

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Brecksville and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar inclusions: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of channery silty clay

loam

• Soils underlain with sandstone bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Shale outcrops on shoulders

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

and are near small rock outcrops and on small

structural benches

• Zurich soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CaA—Cardington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 20 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 12 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

12 to 16 inches—brown, friable silt loam

16 to 22 inches—yellowish brown, firm silty clay loam

22 to 34 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay and silty clay loam

Substratum:

34 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, very firm silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

28 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow in the substratum
Erie County, Ohio 29

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Cardington and similar soils: 100 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Well drained soils

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

80 inches

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CaB—Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains (fig. 5)

Position on the landform: Knolls, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 30 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown,

mottled, firm silty clay and silty clay loam

Substratum:

30 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Figure 5.—A well maintained grassed waterway in an area of Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes.
30 Soil Survey

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a

depth of 28 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Cardington and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions and drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CbC2—Cardington silty clay loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on ground moraines or

lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 15 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—brown, firm silty clay loam

Subsoil:

6 to 29 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay and

silty clay loam

Substratum:

29 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.5 inches to a

depth of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 24 milliquivalents

per 100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a

depth of 28 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Cardington and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have lacustrine deposits in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions and drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
Erie County, Ohio 31

CcA—Castalia very channery loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises

Size of areas: 5 to 60 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable very

channery loam

Subsoil:

8 to 16 inches—brown, friable extremely channery

loam

Substratum:

16 to 24 inches—brown, friable extremely flaggy loam

Bedrock:

24 to 26 inches—fractured, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 1.8 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 24 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Beach or eolian sediments mixed with

glacially displaced limestone fragments overlying

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Very channery loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Castalia and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments at the surface

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Joliet soils in depressions

• Marblehead soils intermingled with areas of the

Castalia soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CcB—Castalia very channery loam, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark brown, friable very channery

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—brown, friable very channery silt loam

13 to 24 inches—brown, friable extremely channery

loam

Bedrock:

24 to 26 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 1.7 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 24 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Beach or eolian sediments mixed with

glacially displaced limestone fragments overlying

limestone or dolostone (fig. 6)

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Very channery loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight
32 Soil Survey

Composition

Castalia and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar components: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments at the surface

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

Dissimilar components:

• Joliet soils in depressions

• Marblehead soils intermingled with areas of the

Castalia soil throughout the map unit

• Areas of rock outcrop throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CcD—Castalia very channery loam, 12 to

18 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable very

channery loam

Figure 6.—Outcrops of limestone bedrock in an area of Castalia very channery loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes.
Erie County, Ohio 33

Subsoil:

7 to 16 inches—brown, friable extremely channery

loam

Substratum:

16 to 23 inches—brown, friable extremely flaggy loam

Bedrock:

23 to 25 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 1.7 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 24 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Beach or eolian sediments mixed with

glacially displaced limestone fragments overlying

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Very channery loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Castalia and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar inclusions: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

or at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Areas of rock outcrop throughout the map unit

• Marblehead soils near small areas of rock outcrop

and on small structural benches

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ChB—Chili loam, loamy substratum, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains, stream

terraces

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

9 to 14 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

14 to 23 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

23 to 41 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

friable gravelly loam and very friable gravelly

coarse sandy loam

Substratum:

41 to 77 inches—brown, friable gravelly sandy loam

77 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 13 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Outwash deposits and beach deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Chili and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments at the surface

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Moderately well drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Jimtown soils near the base of slopes
34 Soil Survey

• Rawson soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CmA—Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Note: Subject to ponding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—very dark gray, friable loam

Subsoil:

11 to 33 inches—dark gray and grayish brown,

mottled, friable loam

33 to 53 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled,

friable silty clay loam and silt loam

Substratum:

53 to 73 inches—grayish brown, mottled, very friable

stratified fine sandy loam and loamy fine sand with

strata of silt loam

73 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown, loose loamy

sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 25 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Kind of water table: Apparent

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

8 percent

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow in the subsoil

Duration of ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Note: This is a hydric soil.

Composition

Colwood and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have more than 15 percent rock fragments

in the substratum

• Soils that have more clay in the substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Kibbie soils on slight rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CnA—Colwood silt loam, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Size of areas: 30 to 200 acres

Note: Subject to ponding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 14 inches—black, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

14 to 27 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable fine

sandy loam

27 to 36 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

Substratum:

36 to 47 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, firm silty

clay loam
Erie County, Ohio 35

Bedrock:

47 to 49 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 25 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

40 to 60 inches

Kind of water table: Apparent

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

8 percent

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Moderately slow

Duration of ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Note: This is a hydric soil.

Composition

Colwood and similar soils: 80 percent

Dissimilar soils: 20 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 60 to

80 inches

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Fries soils intermingled with areas of the Colwood

soil throughout the map unit

• Hornell soils on rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CoA—Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Note: Subject to ponding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 45 inches—gray, mottled, firm and very firm silty

clay loam

Substratum:

45 to 80 inches—gray and yellowish brown, mottled,

very firm silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 14 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Kind of water table: Perched

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Note: This is a hydric soil.

Composition

Condit and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Bennington soils on slight rises

• Undrained areas of Condit soils near the center of

depressions
36 Soil Survey

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CtB—Conotton loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

9 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly loam

11 to 17 inches—brown, friable gravelly loam

17 to 39 inches—brown, friable extremely gravelly

sandy loam and very friable gravelly coarse sandy

loam

39 to 57 inches—brown, very friable very gravelly

loamy coarse sand

Substratum:

57 to 80 inches—brown, loose very gravelly loamy

coarse sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 8 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Beach deposits

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Conotton and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the surface

layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Jimtown soils near the base of slopes

• Rawson soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

CuC—Conotton gravelly loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, friable gravelly

loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

friable extremely gravelly sandy loam and

extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam

30 to 40 inches—brown, very friable gravelly coarse

sandy loam

Substratum:

40 to 80 inches—brown and dark grayish brown, loose

gravelly coarse sand and extremely gravelly

coarse sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches
Erie County, Ohio 37

Cation-exchange capacity: 8 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Beach deposits

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Gravelly loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Conotton and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Jimtown soils near the base of slopes

• Rawson soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

DbB—Dekalb channery loam, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, friable channery

loam

Subsoil:

9 to 30 inches—yellowish brown, friable very channery

loam and very channery sandy loam

Bedrock:

30 to 32 inches—fractured, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 2.8 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Channery loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Dekalb and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the surface

layer

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil

• Soils that have shale bedrock at a depth of 20 to

40 inches

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Mitiwanga soils near the base of slopes

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to

20 inches and are intermingled with areas of the

Dekalb soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
38 Soil Survey

DbD—Dekalb channery loam, 12 to

18 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable

channery loam

Subsoil:

5 to 21 inches—yellowish brown, friable very channery

sandy loam and very flaggy sandy loam

Bedrock:

21 to 23 inches—fractured, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 1.9 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Channery loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Dekalb and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the surface

layer

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Mitiwanga soils near the base of slopes

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to

20 inches and are intermingled with areas of the

Dekalb soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

DeA—Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

11 to 15 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam

15 to 46 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam and silty clay

Substratum:

46 to 80 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1 to 3 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

3 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Del Rey and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent
Erie County, Ohio 39

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have till at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

• Moderately well drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Milford soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

DuA—Dunbridge loamy sand, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark brown, very friable loamy

sand

Subsoil:

9 to 13 inches—yellowish brown, very friable loamy

sand

13 to 23 inches—yellowish brown, firm loam and clay

loam

23 to 29 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable very

gravelly loam

Bedrock:

29 to 31 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3.4 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 13 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Sandy and loamy drift overlying

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Dunbridge and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Rawson soils intermingled with areas of the

Dunbridge soil throughout the map unit

• Oakville soils in the higher landscape positions

• Ritchey soils intermingled with areas of the

Dunbridge soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

DuB—Dunbridge loamy sand, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark brown, very friable loamy sand

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—yellowish brown, very friable loamy

sand

17 to 23 inches—yellowish brown, friable sandy loam
40 Soil Survey

23 to 28 inches—strong brown, friable sandy clay

loam

28 to 31 inches—brown, firm clay loam

Bedrock:

31 to 33 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3.9 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 13 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Sandy and loamy drift overlying

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Dunbridge and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Rawson soils intermingled with areas of the

Dunbridge soil throughout the map unit

• Oakville soils in the higher landscape positions

• Ritchey soils intermingled with areas of the

Dunbridge soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

EcA—Elliott silt loam, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

toeslopes near depressions

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Note: Sinkholes in many areas

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

11 to 15 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam

15 to 31 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam

31 to 49 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, firm clay loam

Substratum:

49 to 65 inches—brown, mottled, firm clay loam

Bedrock:

65 to 67 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 20 to 24 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (60 to 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

25 to 50 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1 to 2 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

5 percent

Parent material: Till overlying limestone

Permeability: Slow or moderately slow in the

substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Elliott and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil
Erie County, Ohio 41

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Pewamo soils in depressions

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 30 to 40 inches

and are intermingled with areas of the Elliott soil

throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

EdB—Ellsworth silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 2 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches—strong brown, dark yellowish brown,

and brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam and silty

clay

Substratum:

30 to 80 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown,

mottled, firm clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

28 to 46 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Very slow or slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Ellsworth and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Eroded soils that have surface layer of silty clay

loam

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions and drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

EdC2—Ellsworth silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 10 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 44 inches—dark yellowish brown and yellowish

brown, mottled, firm clay loam and silty clay loam

Substratum:

44 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer
42 Soil Survey

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

28 to 46 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Very slow or slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Ellsworth and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that are stratified in the substratum

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

EnA—Elnora loamy fine sand, 0 to

4 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 500 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

10 to 31 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, very friable

loamy fine sand

Substratum:

31 to 80 inches—light brownish gray, gray, and

dark grayish brown, mottled, loose loamy fine

sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

2.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Sandy lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe (fig. 7)

Composition

Elnora and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy

loam

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have more clay in the substratum

• Well drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Plumbrook soils in slight depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
Erie County, Ohio 43

EoA—Elnora loamy fine sand, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 4 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 10 to 80 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 14 inches—dark grayish brown and very dark

grayish brown, very friable loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

14 to 31 inches—light yellowish brown and pale

brown, mottled, very friable loamy fine sand

Substratum:

31 to 45 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, loose

fine sand

45 to 55 inches—gray, very friable very channery fine

sandy loam

Bedrock:

55 to 57 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.6 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

40 to 60 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

2.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Sandy lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Rapid or moderately rapid in the

substratum

Figure 7.—Wind erosion is a hazard in areas of the Elnora soil, in the foreground, and the Spinks soils, in the background.

Windbreaks and cover crops help to minimize the damage to crops and the loss of topsoil.
44 Soil Survey

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Elnora and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have more clay in the substratum

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Hornell soils in the lower landscape positions

• Plumbrook soils in the flatter landscape positions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

EsA—Endoaquents, loamy, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Size of areas: 25 to 500 acres

Note: These are hydric soils. They are subject to

ponding during wet periods. The shallow pits are

the result of surface mining for tufa.

Typical Profile

0 to 80 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, friable silt

loam, silty clay loam, and fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: Varies

Cation-exchange capacity: Varies

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Varies

Seasonal high water table: 2 feet above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: Varies

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits altered during

surface mining for tufa

Permeability: Varies

Duration of ponding: Very long

Potential for frost action: Varies

Shrink-swell potential: Varies

Texture of the surface layer: Varies

Hazard of wind erosion: Varies

Composition

Endoaquents and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar inclusions: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that are in the slightly higher landscape

positions and are not subject to ponding

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Bodies of water that are less than 2 acres in size

Management

For general information about managing this map

unit, see the following sections and their

corresponding tables:

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

FnA—Fluvaquents, silty, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: These are hydric soils. They are subject to

ponding and are inundated by floodwater for

extended periods.

Typical Profile

0 to 80 inches—dark gray and gray, friable silt loam

and silty clay loam with strata of very fine sandy

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: Varies

Cation-exchange capacity: Varies

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Varies

Seasonal high water table: 2 feet above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained
Erie County, Ohio 45

Flooding: Frequent

Duration of flooding: Very long

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: Varies

Parent material: Alluvium

Permeability: Varies

Duration of ponding: Very long

Potential for frost action: Varies

Shrink-swell potential: Varies

Texture of the surface layer: Varies

Hazard of wind erosion: Varies

Composition

Fluvaquents and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Dissimilar soils:

• Better drained soils that are on slight rises and are

not subject to frequent flooding

Management

For general information about managing this map

unit, see the following sections and their

corresponding tables:

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

FoB—Fox loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

5 to 11 inches—brown, friable sandy loam

11 to 18 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

18 to 28 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

firm clay loam

28 to 32 inches—dark brown, friable very gravelly

sandy loam

Substratum:

32 to 80 inches—yellowish brown and light gray, loose

very gravelly sand and very cobbly sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 4 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sand and gravel at a depth of

24 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Beach deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil and rapid or very

rapid in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Fox and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the surface

layer

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have sand and gravel at a depth of 10 to

24 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Castalia soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

FrA—Fries silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil.
46 Soil Survey

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—black, firm silty clay loam

Subsurface layer:

10 to 14 inches—very dark gray, mottled, very firm

silty clay

Subsoil:

14 to 28 inches—grayish brown and yellowish brown,

mottled, very firm clay and clay loam

Bedrock:

28 to 30 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.2 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 21 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to

8 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: High

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Fries and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Hornell soils on rises

• Pewamo soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

FuA—Fulton silty clay loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises, flat areas

Size of areas: 10 to 300 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, firm silty clay loam

Subsoil:

9 to 29 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled very firm clay and firm silty clay

29 to 47 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay

Substratum:

47 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 22 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

3 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Very slow or slow in the substratum

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: High

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Fulton and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil or in the

substratum, or both

• Moderately well drained soils
Erie County, Ohio 47

Dissimilar soils:

• Toledo soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

GdA—Gilford fine sandy loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

drainageways

Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres

Note: This soil is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—black, friable fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

9 to 12 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable fine

sandy loam

Subsoil:

12 to 32 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, friable

fine sandy loam

32 to 44 inches—grayish brown, mottled, very friable

loamy fine sand

Substratum:

44 to 58 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled, loose

loamy fine sand

58 to 80 inches—dark gray, loose loamy fine sand and

sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 8 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above the surface

to 1.0 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits

Permeability: Rapid in the lower part of the subsoil and

in the substratum

Duration of ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Gilford and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have more silt in the substratum

• Soils that have a surface layer of loamy fine sand

Dissimilar soils:

• Plumbrook soils in the slightly higher areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

HdA—Harrod silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsurface layer:

9 to 13 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

13 to 17 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam
48 Soil Survey

17 to 28 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm clay

loam

28 to 33 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable

loam

Bedrock:

33 to 35 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 5.5 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 28 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1 to 2 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Flooding: Frequent

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Alluvium overlying limestone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Harrod and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Very poorly drained soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

HkA—Haskins loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

footslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 150 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

10 to 14 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable

loam

14 to 32 inches—grayish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled, friable and firm loam

Substratum:

32 to 52 inches—brown, mottled, firm clay loam

52 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, very firm clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till or lacustrine

deposits at a depth of 25 to 55 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying till

or lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy subsoil and very

slow or slow in the lower part of the subsoil and in

the substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Haskins and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay or sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have a surface layer of sandy loam or fine

sandy loam
Erie County, Ohio 49

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have till or lacustrine deposits at a depth of

40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Mermill soils in depressions

• Very poorly drained soils that have till at a depth of

40 to 60 inches

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

HoA—Holly silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

abandoned stream meanders

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 30 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, friable silt

loam and silty clay loam

Substratum:

30 to 80 inches—grayish brown, strong brown, and

light brownish gray, mottled, friable loam and

sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 10.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 24 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Seasonal high water table: Within a depth of 1 foot

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly and poorly drained

Flooding: Occasional

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

5 percent

Parent material: Alluvium

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

subsoil and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Holly and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have till at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Orrville soils on slight rises

• Undrained areas of Holly soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

HpB—Hornell loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

7 to 10 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

10 to 30 inches—gray, mottled, firm silty clay loam

and silty clay
50 Soil Survey

Bedrock:

30 to 32 inches—soft, weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.1 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 35 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to

1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Very slow or slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Hornell and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the

subsoil

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Fries soils in depressions

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to

20 inches and are intermingled with areas of the

Hornell soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

HrB—Hornell silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silty

clay loam

13 to 32 inches—gray, mottled, firm channery silty clay

and silty clay

Bedrock:

32 to 34 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3.7 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 35 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to

1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Very slow or slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Hornell and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the

subsoil

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches
Erie County, Ohio 51

Dissimilar soils:

• Fries soils in depressions

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

and are intermingled with areas of the Hornell soil

throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

HsA—Hornell silty clay loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 12 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silty clay

loam

Subsoil:

12 to 19 inches—pale brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

19 to 24 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, friable

channery silty clay loam

Bedrock:

24 to 26 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3.6 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 35 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to

1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Permeability: Very slow or slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Hornell and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the subsoil

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Fries soils in depressions

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to 20 inches

and are intermingled with areas of the Hornell soil

throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

JtA—Jimtown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges, lake plains, stream

terraces

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, footslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

9 to 14 inches—brown, mottled, friable loam

14 to 27 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, friable

clay loam

27 to 51 inches—brown, mottled, friable gravelly

sandy loam with pockets of loam

Substratum:

51 to 65 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled, friable

stratified loam, gravelly loam, and coarse sandy

loam
52 Soil Survey

65 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled, very

friable coarse sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 18 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

3 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the

subsoil, moderate or moderately rapid in the lower

part of the subsoil, and moderately rapid in the

substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Jimtown and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have till or lacustrine deposits at a depth of

40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Millgrove soils in depressions and drainageways

• Very poorly drained soils that have till at a depth of

40 to 60 inches and are in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

JuA—Joliet silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

drainageways

Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—black, mottled, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Bedrock:

14 to 16 inches—fractured, unweathered

limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3 inches to the limiting

layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 18 to 26 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 10 to 20 inches

Seasonal high water table: Within a depth of 1 foot

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to

5 percent

Parent material: Loamy drift overlying limestone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Joliet and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments throughout

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Ritchey soils on knolls

• Millsdale soils in depressions and drainageways
Erie County, Ohio 53

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

KbA—Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas, slight

rises

Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable fine

sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 26 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable silty

clay loam and loam with pockets of fine sandy

loam

26 to 42 inches—yellowish brown and grayish brown,

mottled, friable silty clay loam and silt loam

Substratum:

42 to 80 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam with strata of fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1 to 2 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Stratified loamy and silty glaciofluvial

deposits

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Kibbie and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Moderately well drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Colwood soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MaA—Mahoning silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam

11 to 40 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silty

clay loam

Substratum:

40 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silty

clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)
54 Soil Survey

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

28 to 44 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to

1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Very slow or slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Mahoning and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions and drainageways

• Miner soils in depressions and drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MaB—Mahoning silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 2 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam

11 to 31 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam and clay

Substratum:

31 to 80 inches—brown, firm silty clay loam and clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

28 to 44 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot to

1.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till

Permeability: Very slow or slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Mahoning and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Condit soils in depressions and drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
Erie County, Ohio 55

MbB—Marblehead loam, 0 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—black, friable loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable

gravelly loam

Bedrock:

8 to 10 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 1.3 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 0 to 7 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very shallow (4 to 10 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 4 to 10 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

8 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits overlying limestone

or dolostone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Marblehead and similar soils: 80 percent

Dissimilar inclusions: 20 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the surface

layer

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 10 to

20 inches

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Joliet soils in depressions

• Castalia soils intermingled with areas of the

Marblehead soil throughout the map unit

• Rock outcrop intermingled with areas of the

Marblehead soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MeA—Mermill silty clay loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Size of areas: 50 to 300 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—black, mottled, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

10 to 13 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled, friable

silty clay loam

13 to 24 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable clay

loam and loam

24 to 41 inches—gray, mottled, firm silty clay and silty

clay loam

Substratum:

41 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown and grayish

brown, mottled, firm silty clay and clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 26 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till or lacustrine

deposits at a depth of 24 to 48 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface
56 Soil Survey

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying till

or lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy material and very

slow or slow in the substratum

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Mermill and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have till or lacustrine deposits at a depth of

40 to 80 inches

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Haskins soils on slight rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MfA—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—black, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

10 to 54 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled, firm

silty clay loam and silty clay

Substratum:

54 to 80 inches—gray, mottled, firm silty clay loam with

strata of silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 24 to 36 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 0.5 foot above the surface

to 2.0 feet below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 5 to

6 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow

Ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Milford and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay throughout

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer

• Soils that have till below a depth of 40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Del Rey soils on slight rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
Erie County, Ohio 57

MgA—Millgrove loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions, drainageways

Size of areas: 10 to 300 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—very dark gray, friable loam

Subsurface layer:

8 to 13 inches—very dark gray, mottled, friable loam

Subsoil:

13 to 18 inches—dark gray, mottled, friable clay loam

18 to 41 inches—gray, mottled, friable clay loam

Substratum:

41 to 73 inches—gray and dark gray, mottled,

friable loam and gravelly coarse sandy loam

73 to 80 inches—gray, mottled, friable fine sandy

loam and dark gray, friable very fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 15 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

8 percent

Parent material: Beach deposits

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum

Duration of ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Millgrove and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments throughout

• Soils that have till below a depth of 40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Haskins soils on slight rises

• Jimtown soils on rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MmA—Millsdale silty clay loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, drainageways,

depressions

Size of areas: 20 to 400 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—very dark gray, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

10 to 33 inches—gray and grayish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

Bedrock:

33 to 35 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.8 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 20 to 36 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to

7 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Moderately slow

Duration of ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High
58 Soil Survey

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Millsdale and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Joliet soils intermingled with areas of the Millsdale

soil throughout the map unit

• Randolph soils on slight rises

• Pewamo soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MnA—Milton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises

Size of areas: 20 to 400 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 10 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam

10 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, firm silty clay loam

15 to 28 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

firm silty clay

Bedrock:

28 to 30 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.7 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till and residuum derived from

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Milton and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

Dissimilar soils:

• Randolph soils in concave areas

• Ritchey soils intermingled with areas of the Milton

soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MnB—Milton silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 80 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, friable silt loam
Erie County, Ohio 59

Subsoil:

10 to 13 inches—brown, friable silt loam

13 to 27 inches—brown, reddish brown, and strong

brown, firm clay loam

Bedrock:

27 to 29 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.9 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till and residuum derived from

limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Milton and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Cardington soils on shoulders

• Ritchey soils intermingled with areas of the Milton

soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MrA—Miner silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Depressions, drainageways

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silty

clay loam

Subsoil:

9 to 34 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, firm clay

loam and silty clay loam

34 to 53 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam

Substratum:

53 to 65 inches—grayish brown, mottled, firm clay

loam

65 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, firm channery clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 20 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Till mostly derived from shale

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Miner and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer
60 Soil Survey

Dissimilar soils:

• Bennington soils on slight rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MsA—Miner silt loam, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

9 to 40 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, firm silty

clay loam and silty clay

40 to 52 inches—strong brown, mottled, firm silty clay

Substratum:

52 to 59 inches—strong brown, mottled, firm channery

silty clay

Bedrock:

59 to 61 inches—weathered shale

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.5 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 17 to 25 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Deep (40 to 60 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by shale bedrock at a depth of

40 to 60 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Till mostly derived from shale

overlying shale

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Miner and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thicker surface layer

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 60 to

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Fries soils in depressions

• Hornell soils on rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MxA—Mitiwanga silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, footslopes

Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 11 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam

11 to 25 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm clay

loam

Bedrock:

25 to 27 inches—hard, unweathered sandstone
Erie County, Ohio 61

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.2 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till overlying sandstone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Mitiwanga and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

Dissimilar soils:

• Bennington and Jimtown soils near the edges of the

mapped areas

• Wakeman soils in the higher landscape positions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

MxB—Mitiwanga silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 13 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

13 to 30 inches—brown, mottled, firm clay loam

Bedrock:

30 to 32 inches—hard, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 5 inches to the limiting

layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Till overlying sandstone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Mitiwanga and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Bennington and Haskins soils near the edges of the

mapped areas

• Wakeman soils in the higher landscape positions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
62 Soil Survey

NoA—Nolin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, areas adjacent to

stream channels

Size of areas: 10 to 150 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 47 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Substratum:

47 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 12 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 6 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 3 to 6 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Well drained

Flooding: Occasional

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Alluvium

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Nolin and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have more sand throughout

Dissimilar soils:

• Holly soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OaB—Oakville loamy fine sand, 0 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Dunes and beach ridges on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, very friable loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

9 to 26 inches—brownish yellow, very friable loamy

fine sand

Substratum:

26 to 80 inches—light yellowish brown and yellowish

brown, mottled, loose loamy fine sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 2 to 10 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Sandy deposits

Permeability: Rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Oakville and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have lamellae with more clay in the subsoil
Erie County, Ohio 63

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

• Moderately well drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Bixler soils in the flatter landscape positions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OgA—Ogontz fine sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable fine sandy

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable

loam

12 to 17 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam

17 to 36 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, firm silty clay loam and friable silt loam

Substratum:

36 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam with

strata of silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 17 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Ogontz and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Bixler soils on rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OhB—Ogontz silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Position on the landform: Knolls, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 32 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable and

firm silty clay loam

Substratum:

32 to 80 inches—yellowish brown and light brownish

gray, mottled, friable silt loam stratified with silty

clay loam and fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches
64 Soil Survey

Cation-exchange capacity: 9 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Ogontz and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Better drained soils on slopes of 6 to 12 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• Algiers soils on toeslopes along depressions

and drainageways

• Zurich soils on slopes of 12 to 18 percent

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OmA—Olmsted loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, drainageways,

depressions

Size of areas: 5 to 150 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark gray, friable loam

Subsoil:

9 to 31 inches—gray and dark gray, mottled, friable

loam and clay loam

Substratum:

31 to 40 inches—gray, mottled, friable sandy loam

40 to 80 inches—gray and dark gray, loose loamy

sand with strata of sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 15 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to

8 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

subsoil

Duration of ponding: Very brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Olmsted and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have fewer rock fragments in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Jimtown soils on rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section
Erie County, Ohio 65

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OpA—Orrville silt loam, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Size of areas: 10 to 300 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 41 inches—brown, grayish brown, and gray,

mottled, friable silt loam

Substratum:

41 to 63 inches—gray, mottled, friable silt loam

63 to 69 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable

gravelly loam

Bedrock:

69 to 71 inches—hard, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (60 to 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 60 to 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Flooding: Occasional

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Alluvium overlying sandstone

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Orrville and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of more than

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Tioga soils in narrow strips adjacent to stream

channels

• Holly soils in depressions

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 20 to

40 inches and are intermingled with areas of the

Orrville soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OrA—Orrville silt loam, bedrock

substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Size of areas: 10 to 300 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

10 to 26 inches—brown and light brownish gray,

mottled, friable silt loam and loam

Substratum:

26 to 69 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable

loam and sandy loam

Bedrock:

69 to 71 inches—hard, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (60 to 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 60 to 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.5 feet
66 Soil Survey

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Flooding: Frequent

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Alluvium overlying sandstone

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Orrville and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of more than

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Tioga soils in narrow strips adjacent to stream

channels

• Holly soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

OsB—Oshtemo loamy sand, 0 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, beach ridges on lake

plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, very friable loamy sand

Subsurface layer:

10 to 14 inches—yellowish brown, very friable loamy

sand

Subsoil:

14 to 41 inches—brown and dark yellowish brown,

friable gravelly sandy clay loam and gravelly

coarse sandy loam

Substratum:

41 to 80 inches—dark grayish brown and brown, loose

very gravelly coarse sand and sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 2 to 12 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sand and gravel at a depth of

40 to 75 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the subsoil and

very rapid in the substratum

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Oshtemo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments throughout

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Jimtown soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section
Erie County, Ohio 67

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

PcA—Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Size of areas: 20 to 1,000 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 12 inches—very dark gray, friable silty clay

loam

Subsoil:

12 to 33 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, firm

silty clay loam, clay, and clay loam

33 to 48 inches—gray, mottled, firm silty clay loam

Substratum:

48 to 80 inches—gray and grayish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 10.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 10 to 40 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

12 percent

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits over till

Permeability: Moderately slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Pewamo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Bennington and Elliott soils on slight rises

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

Pg—Pits, gravel or sand

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Size of areas: 2 to 15 acres

Note: Areas mined for sand or gravel; nearly vertical

sidewalls adjacent to undisturbed soils

Soil Properties and Qualities

The properties and qualities vary too much to rate.

Composition

Pits, gravel or sand: 85 percent

Dissimilar inclusions: 15 percent

Inclusions

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Areas of altered soil material near the edges of the

mapped areas

• Fox and Oshtemo soils near the edges of the

mapped areas

Pk—Pits, quarry

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Size of areas: 5 to 400 acres

Note: Areas mined for limestone or sandstone; vertical

sidewalls adjacent to undisturbed soils
68 Soil Survey

Soil Properties and Qualities

The properties and qualities vary too much to rate.

Composition

Pits, quarry: 90 percent

Dissimilar inclusions: 10 percent

Inclusions

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Rock outcrop near the edges of the mapped areas

• Areas of altered soil material near the edges of the

mapped areas

• Pools of water less than 2 acres in size in

depressions

PmA—Plumbrook fine sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight

depressions

Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—black, friable fine sandy loam

Subsoil:

11 to 19 inches—dark grayish brown, mottled, friable

very fine sandy loam

19 to 29 inches—brownish yellow, mottled, friable fine

sandy loam

Substratum:

29 to 65 inches—grayish brown and dark grayish

brown, mottled, loose loamy fine sand and fine

sand

65 to 80 inches—gray, firm silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 9 to 17 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to 2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits overlying

finer textured lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the loamy and sandy

material and moderately slow in the finer textured

material

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Plumbrook and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have till at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Gilford and Colwood soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section (fig. 8)

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

RaA—Randolph silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 16 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silty

clay

16 to 37 inches—grayish brown and gray, mottled,

firm silty clay loam and clay loam

Bedrock:

37 to 39 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 5 inches to the limiting

layer
Erie County, Ohio 69

Cation-exchange capacity: 8 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till overlying limestone or dolostone

Permeability: Moderately slow

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Randolph and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Moderately well drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Millsdale soils in depressions

• Bennington soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

Figure 8.—In drained areas the Plumbrook soil is well suited to cropping systems such as no-till planting.
70 Soil Survey

RcA—Rawson sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises

Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—brown, friable sandy loam

Subsoil:

11 to 18 inches—yellowish brown, friable sandy loam

18 to 33 inches—yellowish brown and brown, mottled,

friable loam

33 to 42 inches—grayish brown and dark grayish

brown, mottled, firm clay loam

Substratum:

42 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, firm clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till or lacustrine

deposits at a depth of 24 to 51 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying

till or lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy material and very

slow or slow in the underlying material

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Rawson and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 60 to 80 inches

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have till or lacustrine deposits at a depth

of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Mermill soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

RcB—Rawson sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable sandy

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable loam

12 to 22 inches—yellowish brown, friable clay loam

22 to 30 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled,

friable loam

30 to 51 inches—brown, mottled, firm clay loam

Substratum:

51 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 5 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till or lacustrine

deposits at a depth of 24 to 51 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 2.0 to

3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained
Erie County, Ohio 71

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying till

or lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy material and very

slow or slow in the underlying material

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Rawson and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loam

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have till or lacustrine deposits at a depth of

40 to 80 inches

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Mermill soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

RgA—Rimer loamy fine sand, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsurface layer:

11 to 25 inches—brown, mottled, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

25 to 30 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, very

friable fine sandy loam

30 to 45 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam

and clay loam

Substratum:

45 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, firm clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 5.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 3 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by unweathered till at a depth of

25 to 55 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.0 to

2.5 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Sandy deposits and the underlying

till

Permeability: Rapid in the sandy material and very

slow or slow in the underlying till

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Rimer and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have till at a depth of 40 to 60 inches

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have a thinner sandy layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Gilford soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
72 Soil Survey

RhA—Ritchey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: This Ritchey soil is a taxadjunct to the Ritchey

series because it has more clay in the subsoil

than is defined as typical. This difference,

however, does not significantly affect the use or

management of this map unit.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

8 to 13 inches—brown, firm silty clay loam

13 to 15 inches—brown, firm silty clay

Bedrock:

15 to 17 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3 inches to the limiting

layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 10 to 20 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till overlying limestone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Ritchey and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of sandy loam

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 4 to 10 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Castalia soils intermingled with areas of the Ritchey

soil throughout the map unit

• Dunbridge soils intermingled with areas of the

Ritchey soil throughout the map unit

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

RhB—Ritchey loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 80 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

8 to 14 inches—reddish brown, firm clay loam

Bedrock:

14 to 16 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 2.9 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 10 to 20 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till overlying limestone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Ritchey and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent
Erie County, Ohio 73

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 4 to 10 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Castalia soils intermingled with areas of the Ritchey

soil throughout the map unit

• Milton soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

RhC—Ritchey loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—dark grayish brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches—brown, friable and firm loam and clay

loam

Bedrock:

18 to 20 inches—hard, unweathered limestone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 3 inches to the limiting

layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Shallow (10 to 20 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by limestone bedrock at a depth

of 10 to 20 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Till overlying limestone

Permeability: Moderate

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Ritchey and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer

• Soils that have a surface layer of sandy loam

Dissimilar soils:

• Castalia soils intermingled with areas of the Ritchey

soil throughout the map unit

• Milton soils in the less sloping areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

SaA—Sandusky loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas near spring

orifices

Size of areas: 20 to 150 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is calcareous.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches—very dark gray, friable loam

Substratum:

11 to 22 inches—light brownish gray, friable very

gravelly coarse sandy loam

22 to 27 inches—pale brown, mottled, friable coarse

sandy loam

27 to 29 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, firm silt

loam

29 to 64 inches—gray, mottled, firm silty clay loam with

strata of silty clay

64 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam
74 Soil Survey

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 26 to 45 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: Within a depth of 6 inches

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

8 percent

Parent material: Calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine

deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the tufa material and

slow or moderately slow in the underlying material

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Sandusky and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have thicker deposits of tufa

• Soils that have more tufa fragments in the surface

layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Toledo soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

SbF—Saylesville silt loam, 25 to

40 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: Steep slopes

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silt

loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 9 inches—pale brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 15 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam

15 to 40 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, firm silty clay and silty clay loam

Substratum:

40 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam and

silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 7 to 21 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 3 to 6 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Saylesville and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of 18 to 25 percent

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have till at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Oshtemo soils on the upper backslopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:
Erie County, Ohio 75

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ShB—Shinrock silt loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 14 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam

14 to 39 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam and silty

clay

39 to 44 inches—brown, mottled, friable silty clay loam

with strata of fine sandy loam

Substratum:

44 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam

stratified with silty clay loam and fine sandy

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 8 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Shinrock and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have till at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Milford soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

SkC2—Shinrock silty clay loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

8 to 32 inches—brown and yellowish brown, mottled,

firm silty clay loam

32 to 40 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silty

clay loam

Substratum:

40 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, firm silt

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 30 milliquivalents

per 100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained
76 Soil Survey

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Shinrock and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of silt loam and are

not so eroded

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have till at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Milford soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

SkD2—Shinrock silty clay loam, 12 to

18 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—brown, friable silty clay loam

Subsoil:

8 to 36 inches—yellowish brown and dark yellowish

brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam

36 to 42 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay loam

stratified with silt loam

Substratum:

42 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, firm silt loam

stratified with silty clay loam and fine sandy

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 30 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Perched

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderately slow in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Shinrock and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have till at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Milford soils in drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
Erie County, Ohio 77

SpB—Spinks loamy fine sand, 0 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Dunes on lake plains, beach ridges on lake

plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, summits, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, very friable loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

10 to 15 inches—yellowish brown, very friable fine

sand

15 to 72 inches—yellowish brown and brown, loose

loamy fine sand with bands of dark yellowish

brown and brown, very friable loamy fine sand

Substratum:

72 to 80 inches—yellowish brown, loose fine sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 3 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Eolian or beach deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Spinks and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have till or lacustrine deposits at a depth of

40 to 80 inches

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the

substratum

• Soils that do not have lamellae in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Udipsamments in areas mined for sand

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

SpD—Spinks loamy fine sand, 12 to

18 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Dunes on lake plains, beach ridges on lake

plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 13 inches—dark grayish brown, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

13 to 38 inches—strong brown, loose loamy fine sand

38 to 80 inches—brown, loose loamy fine sand with

bands of brown, very friable loamy fine sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 3 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Eolian or beach deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe
78 Soil Survey

Composition

Spinks and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have no lamellae in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the

substratum

Dissimilar soils:

• Udipsamments in areas mined for sand

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

TgA—Tioga loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—dark brown, friable loam

Subsoil:

5 to 26 inches—brown, friable loam

Substratum:

26 to 72 inches—brown, friable sandy loam with

strata of fine sandy loam and loamy sand

72 to 80 inches—gray, mottled, friable sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 12 to 28 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 3 to 6 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Well drained

Flooding: Occasional

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to

4 percent

Parent material: Alluvium

Permeability: Moderate to rapid in the substratum

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Tioga and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more silt throughout

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to

80 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• Orrville soils in concave areas and near the edges of

the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

TnA—Toledo silty clay loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Size of areas: 20 to 500 acres

Note: This is hydric soil. It is subject to ponding and

has a calcareous surface layer.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown, friable silty

clay loam
Erie County, Ohio 79

Subsoil:

9 to 55 inches—gray, mottled, firm and very firm silty

clay and clay

Substratum:

55 to 80 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay with strata of silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 17 to 36 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface

to 1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: High

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Toledo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay throughout

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils with a surface layer that is noncalcareous

Dissimilar soils:

• Fulton soils on slight rises

• Sandusky soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ToA—Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Size of areas: 50 to 1,000 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark gray, firm silty clay

Subsoil:

9 to 45 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, firm and

very firm silty clay and clay

Substratum:

45 to 80 inches—light brownish gray, mottled, firm silty

clay with strata of silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 6.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 22 to 45 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 1 foot above the surface

to 1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

6 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Brief

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: High

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Toledo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay throughout

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

• Soils with a surface layer that is calcareous

Dissimilar soils:

• Fulton soils on slight rises
80 Soil Survey

• Sandusky soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

TpA—Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent

slopes, ponded

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Size of areas: 10 to 600 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is subject to ponding.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches—very dark grayish brown, firm silty

clay

Subsoil:

8 to 46 inches—dark gray and gray, mottled, firm

silty clay and clay

Substratum:

46 to 80 inches—gray, mottled, firm clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 7 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 22 to 45 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Seasonal high water table: 3 feet above the surface to

1 foot below the surface

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to

8 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Slow

Duration of ponding: Very long

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: High

Texture of the surface layer: Silty clay

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Toledo and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less clay throughout

• Soils that have a lighter colored surface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• Udorthents in areas dredged during the construction

of dikes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

TuA—Tuscola fine sandy loam, 0 to

2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises

Size of areas: 10 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—very dark grayish brown, very friable

fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

9 to 15 inches—light yellowish brown, mottled, very

friable loamy fine sand

Subsoil:

15 to 35 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, friable fine sandy loam and loam

35 to 46 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam stratified with silty clay loam and fine sandy

loam

Substratum:

46 to 49 inches—brown, mottled, firm silty clay

loam

49 to 56 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable fine

sandy loam

56 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, loose loamy fine

sand
Erie County, Ohio 81

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 10 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 4 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Rapid in the subsurface layer and

moderate in the subsoil and substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Tuscola and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have less sand in the subsoil

• Soils that have a surface layer of loamy fine sand

Dissimilar soils:

• Colwood soils in depressions and drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section (fig. 9)

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

TuB—Tuscola fine sandy loam, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains, deltas

Position on the landform: Knolls, backslopes,

shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—brown, friable fine sandy loam

Subsurface layer:

10 to 16 inches—yellowish brown, very friable loamy

fine sand

Subsoil:

16 to 31 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable and

firm silt loam and silty clay loam

31 to 46 inches—dark yellowish brown and brown,

mottled, friable silt loam

Substratum:

46 to 80 inches—gray, mottled, friable silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 9.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 4 to 15 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 1.5 to

3.0 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Rapid in the subsurface layer and

moderate in the subsoil and substratum

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Fine sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Tuscola and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a surface layer of loamy fine

sand

• Soils that have less clay in the subsoil

• Soils that have less sand in the subsoil

• Somewhat poorly drained soils

Dissimilar soils:

• Colwood soils in drainageways

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:
82 Soil Survey

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

UcB—Udipsamments-Spinks complex,

0 to 6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains, dunes on lake

plains

Position on the landform: Udipsamments—flat areas,

rises; Spinks—backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Note: Areas altered when mined for sand

Typical Profile

Udipsamments

Surface layer:

0 to 40 inches—sand or loamy sand

Substratum:

40 inches and below—stratified silty and loamy

layers

Spinks

Surface layer:

0 to 13 inches—brown, very friable loamy fine

sand

Subsoil:

13 to 34 inches—yellowish brown, loose fine sand

Figure 9.—This Tuscola soil is well suited to no-till corn production.
Erie County, Ohio 83

34 to 71 inches—yellowish brown, loose fine sand and

loamy fine sand with bands of loamy fine sand

Substratum:

71 to 80 inches—light brown, loose fine sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Udipsamments

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Depth varies

Drainage class: Well drained

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Note: Other soil properties and qualities vary too

much to rate.

Spinks

Available water capacity: About 4.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 3 to 20 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

3.0 percent

Parent material: Eolian or beach deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid

Potential for frost action: Low

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Loamy fine sand

Hazard of wind erosion: Severe

Composition

Udipsamments and similar soils: 70 percent

Spinks and similar soils: 30 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Moderately well drained soils

• Soils that have bedrock at a depth of 40 to 80 inches

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

UdB—Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 6 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains, stream

terraces, flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises

Size of areas: 5 to 60 acres

Note: Areas altered during construction

Typical Profile

0 to 80 inches—typically silt loam or silty clay loam

soil material that is a mixture of the subsoil and

substratum

Soil Properties and Qualities

The soil properties and qualities vary too much to

rate.

Composition

Udorthents and similar components: 85 percent

Dissimilar components: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar components:

• Stockpiles of disturbed materials

Dissimilar inclusions:

• Rock outcrop intermingled in areas with the

Udorthents throughout the map unit

• Areas of urban development intermixed throughout

the map unit

• Undisturbed soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

W—Water

Setting

This map unit consists of areas inundated with

water for most of the year.

Composition

This map unit generally includes rivers, lakes, and

ponds.

Use and Management

No interpretations are given for this map unit.

WaB—Wakeman sandy loam, 2 to

6 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits
84 Soil Survey

Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches—dark grayish brown, friable sandy

loam

Subsoil:

10 to 27 inches—yellowish brown, very friable and

friable sandy loam

Substratum:

27 to 31 inches—yellowish brown, friable sandy loam

Bedrock:

31 to 33 inches—hard, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.2 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 4 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

2 percent

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Wakeman and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the subsoil

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Mitiwanga soils near the base of slopes

• Conotton soils near the edges of the mapped

areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

WaC—Wakeman sandy loam, 6 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines, lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—dark grayish brown, friable sandy loam

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches—yellowish brown, friable gravelly

sandy loam

17 to 25 inches—yellowish brown, friable channery

sandy loam

Substratum:

25 to 32 inches—yellowish brown, friable extremely

flaggy sandy loam

Bedrock:

32 to 34 inches—hard, unweathered sandstone

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 4.2 inches to the

limiting layer

Cation-exchange capacity: 4 to 16 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Moderately deep (20 to 40 inches)

Root zone: Restricted by sandstone bedrock at a

depth of 20 to 40 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: More than

6 feet

Drainage class: Well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

2 percent

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Texture of the surface layer: Sandy loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Composition

Wakeman and similar soils: 85 percent

Dissimilar soils: 15 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of 12 to 18 percent

• Soils that have more rock fragments in the subsoil
Erie County, Ohio 85

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Mitiwanga soils near the base of slopes

• Conotton soils near the edges of the mapped areas

• Oakville soils near the edges of the mapped areas

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

WeA—Weyers silt loam, 0 to 1 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas near

spring orifices

Size of areas: 20 to 1,000 acres

Note: This is a hydric soil. It is calcareous.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 13 inches—black, friable silt loam

Substratum:

13 to 20 inches—light brownish gray, very friable

gravelly loamy coarse sand

20 to 43 inches—very pale brown and pale brown,

very friable gravelly sandy loam and sandy loam

43 to 45 inches—black, friable sapric material

45 to 80 inches—gray and grayish brown, mottled, firm

silty clay loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 14 to 39 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Seasonal high water table: Within a depth of 6 inches

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to

8 percent

Parent material: Calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine

deposits

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the tufa material

and slow or moderately slow in the underlying

material

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Weyers and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Soils that have more tufa fragments in the upper part

of the substratum

• Soils that have thinner deposits of tufa

• Soils that have thicker deposits of tufa

Dissimilar soils:

• Toledo soils near the edges of the mapped areas

• Undrained areas of Weyers soils in depressions

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections

and their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ZuC2—Zurich silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 42 inches—yellowish brown and brown, mottled,

friable and firm silt loam and silty clay loam
86 Soil Survey

Substratum:

42 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam with

strata of silty clay loam and fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Zurich and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Soils that have slopes of 12 to 18 percent

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Algiers soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ZuD2—Zurich silt loam, 12 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

9 to 24 inches—yellowish brown, mottled, friable silty

clay loam

Substratum:

24 to 44 inches—olive brown, mottled, friable silt loam

with strata of fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand,

and silty clay loam

44 to 80 inches—light olive brown, mottled, friable

stratified silt loam and fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Zurich and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Soils that have slopes of 6 to 12 percent

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Algiers soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section
Erie County, Ohio 87

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ZuE2—Zurich silt loam, 18 to 25 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Note: The original surface layer has been partially

removed by erosion.

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

5 to 23 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam

23 to 34 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam

Substratum:

34 to 80 inches—grayish brown, mottled, friable silt

loam stratified with very fine sand

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than 80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Zurich and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Algiers soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections

ZuF—Zurich silt loam, 25 to 40 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Note: Steep slopes

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches—dark grayish brown, friable silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 8 inches—brown, friable silt loam

Subsoil:

8 to 12 inches—yellowish brown, friable silt loam

12 to 21 inches—dark yellowish brown, friable silt

loam

21 to 47 inches—dark yellowish brown, mottled, friable

silt loam with strata of silty clay loam

Substratum:

47 to 80 inches—brown, mottled, friable silt loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Available water capacity: About 11.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Cation-exchange capacity: 13 to 22 milliquivalents per

100 grams in the surface layer

Depth class: Very deep (more than 80 inches)

Root zone: Extends to a depth of more than

80 inches

Depth to the seasonal high water table: 2.0 to 3.5 feet

Kind of water table: Apparent

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to

3 percent

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil
88

Potential for frost action: High

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Texture of the surface layer: Silt loam

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Composition

Zurich and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Inclusions

Similar soils:

• Well drained soils

• Soils that have a surface layer of fine sandy loam

• Soils that have more clay in the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• Algiers soils near the base of slopes

Management

For general and detailed information about

managing this map unit, see the following sections and

their corresponding tables:

• “Crops and Pasture” section

• “Land Capability Classification” section

• “Woodland” section

• “Recreation” section

• “Wildlife Habitat” section

• “Engineering” and “Soil Properties” sections
89

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate

sources of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil.

They can use it to identify areas where bedrock,

wetness, or very firm soil layers can cause difficulty

in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

The soils in the survey area are assigned to various

interpretive groups in some of the tables. The groups

for each map unit also are shown under the heading

“Interpretive Groups.”

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The system of land

capability classification used by the Natural Resources

Conservation Service is explained, prime farmland is

described, the estimated yields of the main crops and

hay and pasture plants are listed for each soil, and the

crop yield index assigned to some of the soils in the

county is explained.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the information given in

the description of each soil under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be

obtained from the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Ohio State University

Extension.

Trends in Land Use

Agriculture is the primary land use in Erie County.

In 1982, farms made up about 100,000 acres, or

55 percent of the land in Erie County. There were

535 farms in the county, with an average size of

185 acres (U.S. Department of Commerce 1993).

About 5,600 acres was used for pasture. Only about

16,900 acres in the county was urban or built-up land

(USDA, SCS 1987). In 1992, farms only made up

about 90,000 acres, or nearly 50 percent of the land in

the county. There were only 406 farms, but the

average size of the farms increased to 219 acres.

About 94,900 acres was used as cropland,

6,700 acres as pasture, and 27,400 acres as urban

or built-up land (U.S. Department of Commerce 1993;

USDA, NRCS 1996). These figures reflect the

nationwide trends toward larger farms with fewer

operators and conversion of farmland to urban or

nonfarm uses.

Although corn, soybeans, and wheat are the

principal crops in the county, the soils and climate are

suited to grain sorghum, sunflowers, oats, barley, rye,

and buckwheat. Specialty crops, such as tomatoes,

sugar beets, and cucumbers, could be grown more

extensively in the survey area.

Use and Management of the Soils
90 Soil Survey

Soil Properties and Cropland Management

Prime agricultural land is in scattered areas

throughout the county. If good management practices

are applied, most soils in the county are highly

productive when used for crops or pasture. Major soil

management concerns are based upon similarities

and differences in soil properties and qualities

associated with the different types of soil. The major

soil management concerns in the county are seasonal

wetness, including ponding; water and wind erosion;

damage to soil structure, including compaction,

crusting, and clod formation; droughtiness; and soil

fertility.

Seasonal wetness and ponding are the major

management concerns on about 117,026 acres of

land in the county. The very poorly drained Colwood,

Condit, Holly, Mermill, Milford, Millgrove, Miner, and

Pewamo soils are naturally so wet that crop production

is generally not possible unless a surface or

subsurface drainage system is installed. The

somewhat poorly drained Bennington, Elliott, Haskins,

Jimtown, Mahoning, and Orrville soils are naturally so

wet that crops are damaged during most years and

planting and harvesting are delayed unless a drainage

system is installed.

Small areas of wet soils are commonly included in

areas of the moderately well drained Cardington,

Ellsworth, Shinrock, and Tuscola soils. These wet soils

are in seeps, along drainageways, and in swales.

Random subsurface drainage systems are needed in

these areas for maximum crop production.

The design of surface and subsurface drainage

systems varies with the kind of soil. Both surface and

subsurface drains are needed in many areas of the

very poorly drained Colwood, Condit, Holly, Mermill,

Milford, Millgrove, Miner, and Pewamo soils used for

intensive crop production. The drains should be more

closely spaced in soils that have slow or very slow

permeability than in soils that have moderately slow

permeability. Bennington, Condit, Fulton, Mahoning,

Miner, and Toledo soils are slowly permeable or very

slowly permeable.

Establishing adequate outlets for subsurface

drainage systems can be difficult in some areas of

Condit, Holly, Millgrove, Miner, and Pewamo soils.

Existing county and private drainage systems should

be maintained as adequate outlets for present and

future land uses. These systems often become outlets

for basement and septic system curtain drains in

many areas of Erie County. Urban construction

activities can damage and disrupt these existing

systems. As a result, renewed wetness and ponding of

these previously drained cropland areas now impact

the homeowners’ use of this land. Cooperation

between the urban and agricultural communities is

needed in order to maintain or improve these drainage

systems.

Information about the design of drainage systems

for each kind of soil is provided in the “Field Office

Technical Guide,” which is available in the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Erie Soil and Water Conservation District.

Water erosion is a major concern on about

23,494 acres in the county. It generally is a hazard in

areas where the soil is bare of vegetation and has

slope of more than 2 percent. The severity of this

hazard increases as slope increases.

Erosion reduces natural soil fertility and productivity

as the original topsoil is removed and the more acid

subsoil is incorporated into the surface layer through

tillage. The need for lime and fertilizer to replace lost

plant nutrients and maintain productivity is increased.

If the amount of annual soil loss exceeds the rate at

which new soil is formed, long-term productivity and

natural fertility are affected. Loss of the original topsoil

is of particular concern in areas of soils that have a

high content of clay in the subsoil, such as

Bennington, Cardington, Ellsworth, Hornell, Mahoning,

Milton, and Shinrock soils.

Erosion increases the cost of crop production,

results in poor soil structure in the surface layer,

increases the need for tillage to incorporate organic

matter into the surface layer, and reduces the available

water capacity of the surface layer. Tillage of eroded

areas is needed in order to prepare a good seedbed,

and more energy is used during tillage in many of the

sloping fields. A lower population of plants is the result

of inadequate soil-to-seed contact and the lower

available water capacity. These more eroded spots are

common in areas of Amanda, Cardington, Ellsworth,

and Shinrock soils.

Eroding soil particles with attached nutrients,

herbicides, and pesticides enter drainageways,

streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, and reservoirs. These

sediments can fill drainage ditches and block

subsurface drainage outlets. Sediment removal is the

most costly item in ditch maintenance. Controlling

erosion helps to protect the soil resource base,

maintain long-term productivity, minimize drainage

maintenance costs, and maintain water quality.

Wind erosion is a hazard on some soils in the

county. Sandy soils, such as Spinks and Elnora soils,

are particularly susceptible to this type of erosion. The

abrasive action of windblown sand particles damages

crops. Minimizing tillage, plowing during the spring

instead of the fall, and growing cover crops help to

control wind erosion. Installing sod strips and
Erie County, Ohio 91

windbreaks can reduce the effects of wind velocity

and minimize the damage caused by windblown

particles.

Crop rotations, cover crops, crop residue

management, water- and sediment-control basins,

grassed waterways, and a conservation tillage system

help to control erosion. Also, plowing in the spring

rather than in the fall helps to control erosion.

Selecting management measures that conform to a

particular cropping system helps to keep soil loss to

an amount that will not reduce long-term productivity.

Crop rotations that include cover crops and grasses

and legumes reduce the hazard of erosion by

providing a protective vegetative cover for extended

periods. This vegetative cover helps to protect the soil

from the erosive action of raindrops and to control

runoff. The rate of water infiltration increases as soil

structure improves in the surface layer. The proportion

of hay or pasture in the rotation should increase as the

percent of slope increases.

A system of conservation tillage, including no-till

planting, that leaves crop residue on the surface can

help to control erosion on most of the soils in the

county. Well drained and moderately well drained soils

that dry and warm early in the spring are best suited

to such a system. Surface and subsurface drainage

systems should be installed in areas of somewhat

poorly drained and very poorly drained soils if a

conservation tillage system is applied. Water- and

sediment-control basins can be used in place of

grassed waterways in small watersheds. These basins

are earth embankments, generally constructed across

the slope of minor watercourses. They help to trap

sediment and minimize gully erosion. A high level of

management, including weed and insect control, is

also needed.

Soil structure damage in the surface layer is more

commonly referred to as compaction, crusting, or clod

formation. Soil compaction is a general management

concern on all of the cropland in the county. Pressure

applied to the soil surface by farm machinery can

cause compaction if the equipment is operated when

the soil is soft and compressible because of wetness.

As soil structural units are mashed and smeared, the

pore space occupied by air and water within these

structural units and between the structural units is

reduced. Air and water movement into and out of the

soil is also restricted, resulting in ponding of surface

water. This ponding is especially noticeable at the

ends of fields where increased traffic occurs. Root

penetration is restricted to the upper part of the

subsoil. Lower crop yields are most noticeable at the

ends of fields. Factors that affect compaction on all

soils include machinery size, weight and design

(pounds of force per square inch of soil surface area),

and type of farm implements (wheeled versus

tracked).

In addition to compaction, soil texture and soil

moisture content also affect crusting and clod

formation. Crusting occurs when the bare soil surface

becomes hardened. A crust forms as soon as the

surface layer starts to dry after periods of intense

rainfall. Many of the soils in Erie County have a

surface layer of silt loam or silty clay loam. A crust can

form at the surface of these soils as the granular soil

structure is destroyed by tillage. It must be broken

before some crop seedlings will be able to emerge,

especially in areas that are continuously row cropped

and in which conventional tillage systems are used.

Clod formation involves hardening of the entire

surface layer. Clods form if a soil is tilled when the soil

moisture content is too high. Clod formation is most

noticeable in areas of soils that have a surface layer

with a high in content of clay. Additional tillage is

needed to break up the clods and to facilitate

preparation of a good seedbed. Unless adequate rain

is received soon after planting, the plant population is

lower because of inadequate soil-to-seed contact and

inadequate available water.

Compaction, crusting, and clod formation can be

minimized by tilling the soil at the proper soil moisture

content. Less tillage results in less destruction of soil

structure. No-till systems initially result in less pore

space for air and water movement; however, after 2 or

3 years, new soil structural units are formed and pore

space increases for air and water movement. More

roots in the soil contribute to better soil structure. In

addition, decreased tillage results in an increased

number of macropores, or earthworm burrows, and

helps to increase the pore space in the soil. This

condition is most noticeable in soils with a long-term,

no-till management system; a cover of permanent

pasture; or a crop rotation that includes grass in the

hay part of the rotation.

Droughtiness refers to an insufficient amount of

water available for good crop growth between rains.

Some soils have a higher available water capacity

than others. Droughty soils that are used as cropland

or pasture in Erie County are Castalia, Conotton,

Dekalb, Marblehead, Milton, Mitiwanga, Oakville,

Oshtemo, and Ritchey soils. A moderate depth to

bedrock, stony or gravelly material in the lower part of

the subsoil, severe erosion, or any combination of

these soil properties and qualities results in a low

available water capacity.

Many of the soils in which moisture shortages occur

are well suited to a system of conservation tillage,

such as no-till planting, that leaves crop residue on the
92 Soil Survey

surface. The crop residue increases the moisture

supply by increasing the rate of water infiltration and

by reducing runoff and evaporation rates.

Soil fertility depends on the natural fertility level and

past use and management, including previous

applications of lime and fertilizer. As a result, fertility

can vary widely from field to field, even on the same

kind of soil.

About 16 chemical elements are essential to the

growth of plants. High crop yields and productive

pastures require adequate levels of plant nutrients,

lime, and organic matter. Maintaining these levels

results in sustained high yields on all of the soils in the

county.

Many nutrients are most readily available to plants

in areas where the soil is nearly neutral in reaction

(pH). They are less readily available where the soil is

more acid or more alkaline. Some soils, such as Allis,

Dekalb, Chili, Conotton, Hornell, Jimtown, Miner,

Mitiwanga, Orrville, Tioga, and Wakeman soils, are

acid in the upper part of the root zone. In these soils,

periodic additions of lime are needed to increase the

availability of plant nutrients.

Soil texture, organic matter content, and the type of

clay minerals influence the cation-exchange capacity

of the soil, which affects the storage and availability of

nutrients. The ability to store and release plant

nutrients increases as the content of clay and organic

matter increases. Pewamo soils have a high content of

clay and organic matter and a high capacity to store

and release plant nutrients. Soils that have a lower

content of clay or organic matter, such as Conotton

and Oakville soils, have a reduced capacity to store

and release nutrients and lose more nutrients through

leaching. On these soils, frequent applications of a

small amount of fertilizer can compensate for the

nutrients lost through leaching.

On all soils, additions of lime and fertilizer should be

based on the results of soil tests and on crop needs

for the expected level of yields. The Ohio State

University Extension can help in determining the kinds

and amounts of fertilizer and lime to be applied.

Organic matter influences many soil properties,

including color, structure, tilth, the rate of water

infiltration, available water capacity, and the cationexchange capacity. In Erie County, soils that have a

light colored surface layer generally have a moderate

or low content of organic matter in the surface layer.

Soils that have a dark surface layer have a high

content of organic matter. Cultivation tends to lower

the organic matter content by increasing the rates of

oxidation and erosion on sloping soils. Returning all

crop residue to the soil helps to maintain the organic

matter content. Cover crops, sod crops, green manure

crops, and additions of manure help to increase the

organic matter content.

Sewage sludge can have economic value as a

source of organic matter and some plant nutrients. If

the sludge is applied to land, management concerns

include the application rate, the hazards associated

with heavy metals, possible odor problems, and health

hazards. The chemical composition of the sludge

should be determined before the sludge is applied.

Applications of sludge to cropland should be based on

analysis of the sludge, the results of soil tests, and the

expected level of crop yields. The Ohio State

University Extension can provide information about the

application of sewage sludge.

Erosion Factors

Soil erodibility (K) and soil-loss tolerance (T) factors

are used in an equation that predicts the amount of

soil lost through water erosion in areas of cropland.

The procedure for predicting soil loss is useful in

guiding the selection of soil and water conservation

practices. Definitions and criteria for the soil erodibility

factor (K), fragment-free soil erodibility factor (Kf), soilloss tolerance factor (T), and the wind erodibility

groups can be obtained in the section entitled

“Physical and Chemical Properties” in the “Soil

Properties” section.

Additional information about wind erodibility groups

and K, Kf, and T factors can be obtained from a local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or the Ohio State University Extension.

Soil Properties and Pasture Management

Some of the acreage in the county is used as

pasture. The more common pasture and hay plants

are alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, bluegrass,

orchardgrass, tall fescue, timothy, and bromegrass.

Pastures are commonly in areas of soils that have

severe limitations affecting row crops. Very shallow or

stony soils, such as Castalia and Marblehead soils, or

soils on the steeper slopes, such as Zurich and

Shinrock soils, are commonly used for pasture.

The ability of a pasture to produce forage and to

provide enough cover for erosion control is influenced

by the number of livestock, the length of the period of

grazing, the timeliness of grazing, the forage being

grazed, and the availability of water. Good

management measures, such as proper stocking

rates, pasture rotation, timely deferment of grazing,

applications of lime and fertilizer, and control of weeds

and insects, help to maintain the key forage plants.

Maintaining soil fertility and mowing help to control

weeds. The need for lime and fertilizer should be

determined by soil tests. The amount of nutrients to be
Erie County, Ohio 93

applied should be based on the requirements of the

grasses or legumes to be grown.

Erosion control is a management need on gently

sloping to very steep soils used for pasture. The

hazard of erosion increases as the slope increases.

Many of these soils are already eroded. Control of

erosion is particularly important when the pasture is

seeded. Using a no-till seeding method or growing

small grain as a companion crop can help to control

further erosion.

Soil compaction is caused by overgrazing or

grazing when the soils are wet. It can greatly reduce

the vigor of pasture plants. Also, it can increase the

runoff rate and the hazard of erosion on sloping soils.

Deferment of grazing during wet periods minimizes

compaction. A subsurface drainage system can be

effective in removing excess water from pastured

areas of soils that are very poorly drained or

somewhat poorly drained.

Seeding mixtures should be selected on the basis

of soil type and the desired management system.

Legumes increase the nutrient value of the forage and

provide nitrogen for the growth of grasses. Alfalfa

should be seeded on well drained soils that have

adequate levels of plant nutrients and lime. The wetter

soils are better suited to alsike clover than to red

clover or to alfalfa. Information about seeding mixtures,

herbicide treatment, and other management measures

for specific soils can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Ohio State University Extension.

Specialty Crops

The specialty crops grown commercially in Erie

County include vegetables, nursery stock, Christmas

trees, and fruits. Some specialty crops in the county

are irrigated (fig. 10). The slope, water-holding

capacity, infiltration rate, and rooting depth should be

considered in irrigated areas. The slope should not

exceed 6 percent. Well drained and moderately well

drained soils that have a loamy or sandy surface layer,

such as Fox, Elnora, and Oshtemo soils, respond best

to irrigation. Most irrigation water in the county is

obtained from wells and ponds.

The moderating effect of Lake Erie on the weather

in Erie County is one of the most important reasons

for the success of specialty crops. Freezing weather is

delayed in the fall, and cooler spring winds delay bud

break and thus reduce the chance of early frost

damage. Because of the wide variety of soils in the

county, most growers of specialty crops can find areas

of soils that are suited to their management plans.

Specialty crops grown in Erie County include

tomatoes, cabbage, sugar beets, asparagus, melons,

pumpkins, popcorn, sweet corn, and peppers.

These crops grow best on very deep, dark soils

that have a high content of organic matter. Good

drainage on the surface and in the root zone are

important for high productivity. Vegetables grow well

on soils that warm up early and are not susceptible

to compaction. A drainage system can be used in the

more poorly drained areas. Elnora, Gilford, and

Plumbrook soils are farmed intensively for vegetable

production.

Orchard crops grown in the county include apple,

peach, plum, pear, and cherry trees. They grow well

on the better drained soils that have a loamy or sandy

surface layer, such as Chili and Oshtemo soils. Large

areas of loamy or sandy soils that are underlain by

bedrock, such as Dunbridge and Wakeman soils, are

planted to orchards. A small percentage of the

produce is marketed locally through roadside farm

markets, but most fruit is sold statewide through

cooperatives.

Vineyards are mainly in the eastern and western

parts of the county within close proximity to Lake Erie.

Grapes grow well on some of the more acid soils,

such as those in the Allis series.

The latest information about growing specialty

crops can be obtained from the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Ohio

State University Extension.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 5. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

each map unit also is shown in the table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations are also

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting methods that

ensure the smallest possible loss.
94 Soil Survey

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each map unit for each of the principal crops. Yields

are likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in table 5 are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Table 6a shows the crop yield index in Erie County,

and table 6b shows the hay and pasture yield index.

The yield index reflects the relative productivity of a

soil in relation to other soils in the county. This index is

provided to assist in ranking soils by relative

productivity within the county.

For the crop yield index, the most productive soil

(Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes) is given a rating

of 100 and other soils are ranked against this

standard. The index is based on a crop rotation of

corn, soybeans, and winter wheat.

The hay and pasture yield index is based on the

total production of hay and pasture for a given soil. For

example, Zurich silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes,

eroded, has a yield per acre of 3.6 tons of

orchardgrass-alfalfa hay and 4.2 AUMs for bluegrassladino pasture, for a total of 7.8.

Advances in equipment technology, plant genetics,

drainage, nutrient and pest management, and soil

management can make a standard yield table

obsolete within several years. The yield index in

tables 6a and 6b should provide users with good

information on the relative productivity of soils in the

county for years to come.

Some map units are not used for any type of crop

production or for hay and pasture and thus are not

rated in the tables.

Cropland Limitations and Hazards

The management concerns affecting the use of the

detailed soil map units in the county for crops are

Figure 10.—Irrigation increases the yields of crops in areas of the Gilford soils, in the foreground, and the Elnora soils, in the

background.
Erie County, Ohio 95

shown in table 7. The main concerns in managing

nonirrigated cropland are controlling water erosion,

reducing wind erosion, removing excess water,

minimizing surface crusting and compaction, and

maintaining soil tilth, organic matter content, and

fertility.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control water erosion. Conservation tillage,

contour farming, conservation cropping systems, crop

residue management, diversions, and grassed

waterways help to prevent excessive soil loss.

A combination of several practices also is needed

to control wind erosion. Conservation tillage,

conservation cropping systems, crop residue

management, and field windbreaks help to prevent

excessive soil loss.

A surface or subsurface drainage system, or both,

is used to lower a seasonal high water table and to

reduce ponding.

Tilling within the proper range in moisture content

minimizes surface compaction.

Measures that help to maintain soil tilth, organic

matter content, and fertility include applying fertilizer,

both organic and inorganic, including manure;

incorporating crop residue or green manure crops into

the soil; and using proper crop rotations. Controlling

erosion helps to prevent the loss of organic matter and

plant nutrients and thus helps to maintain productivity,

although the level of fertility can be reduced even in

areas where erosion is controlled. All soils used for

nonirrigated crops respond well to applications of

fertilizer.

Conserving moisture consists primarily of reducing

the evaporation and runoff rates and increasing the

water intake rate. Applying conservation tillage and

conservation cropping systems, farming on the

contour, and leaving crop residue on the surface

conserve moisture.

Some of the limitations and hazards shown in the

table cannot be easily overcome. These are ponding,

flooding, slope, depth to rock, and limited organic

matter content.

Ponding.—Surface drains help to remove excess

surface water and reduce damage caused by

ponding.

Flooding.—Flooding can damage winter grain and

forage crops. A tillage method that partly covers crop

residue and leaves a rough or ridged surface helps to

prevent removal of crop residue by floodwater. Tilling

and planting should be delayed in the spring until

flooding is no longer a hazard.

Slope.—Where the slope is more than 15 percent,

water erosion can be excessive on cultivated fields.

The selection of crops and the use of equipment are

limited. Cultivation may be restricted.

Depth to rock.—Rooting depth and available

moisture may be limited by bedrock within a depth of

40 inches.

Limited organic matter content.—Many soils that

have a light-colored surface layer have a low or

moderately low organic matter content and weak or

moderate structure. Regularly adding crop residue,

manure, and other organic materials to the soil

maintains or improves the organic matter content and

the soil structure.

Additional limitations and hazards are as follows:

Potential for ground-water pollution.—This is a

hazard in soils that have excessive permeability or

have bedrock or an apparent water table within the

profile.

Root-restricting layer.—Soil layers with high bulk

density have little pore space. These layers limit

water storage and restrict the penetration of plant

roots.

Limited available water capacity, poor tilth or fair

tilth, and surface crusting.—These limitations can be

overcome by incorporating green manure crops,

manure, or crop residue into the soil; applying a

system of conservation tillage; and using conservation

cropping systems.

Excessive permeability.—This limitation causes

deep leaching of nutrients and pesticides. The

capacity of the soil to retain moisture for plant use is

poor. Crops generally respond better to smaller, more

frequent applications of fertilizer and lime than to one

large application.

Surface rock fragments.—This limitation causes

rapid wear of tillage equipment. It cannot be easily

overcome.

Surface stones.—Stones or boulders on the surface

can hinder normal tillage unless they are removed.

Surface crusting.—Hardening of the bare soil

surface can hinder or prevent seedling emergence.

Minimizing tillage slows the destruction of soil

structure and helps prevent crusting. Regular

additions of crop residue, manure, or other organic

materials help improve soil structure and minimize

crusting.

Frost heave.—Frost heaving can damage deeprooted legumes and some small grain.

Subsidence of organic matter.—Subsidence, or

shrinking, occurs as a result of oxidation in the organic

material after the soil is drained. Control of the water

table by subirrigation through subsurface drain lines

reduces the hazards of subsidence, burning, and soil

blowing.
96 Soil Survey

Wind erosion.—The detachment and transportation

of soil particles by wind. Cover crops and field

windbreaks help to protect the soil surface by reducing

the amount of exposed surface or by reducing the

length of unsheltered areas exposed to prevailing

winds.

Following is an explanation of the criteria used to

determine the limitations or hazards.

Ponding.—Ponding duration is assigned to the

component of the map unit.

Frequent flooding.—The component of the map unit

is frequently flooded.

Occasional flooding.—The component of the map

unit is occasionally flooded.

High potential for ground-water pollution.—The soil

has an apparent water table within a depth of 4 feet or

bedrock within a depth of 60 inches or permeability is

more than 6 inches per hour in at least one layer

within the soil.

Moderate potential for ground-water pollution.—

Permeability is between 2 and 6 inches per hour in at

least one layer within the soil.

Easily eroded.—The surface K factor multiplied by

the upper slope limit is more than 2 (same as criteria

for prime farmland).

Slope.—The upper slope range of the component of

the map unit is more than 15 percent.

Most of surface layer removed.—The surface layer

of the component of the map unit is severely eroded

(75 percent or more of the original A and E horizons

has been lost).

Part of surface layer removed.—The surface layer

of the component of the map unit is eroded (25 to

75 percent of the original A and E horizons has been

lost).

Root-restricting layer.—At least one layer within a

depth of 40 inches has a bulk density of 1.75 or more.

Limited available water capacity.—The available

water capacity calculated to a depth of 60 inches or to

a root-limiting layer is 6 inches or less.

Depth to rock.—Bedrock is within a depth of

40 inches.

Excessive permeability.—The upper limit of the

permeability range is 6 inches or more within the soil

profile.

Surface stones.—The terms describing the texture

of the surface layer include any stony or bouldery

modifier, or the soil is a stony or bouldery phase.

Surface rock fragments.—The terms describing the

texture of the surface layer include any rock fragment

modifier except for gravelly or channery and “surface

stones” is not already indicated as a limitation.

Seasonal high water table.—The top of the water

table in the component of the map unit is at a depth of

1.5 feet or shallower and a ponding duration is not

assigned.

Surface compaction.—The component of the map

unit has a surface layer of silt loam, silty clay loam,

clay loam, or silty clay.

Poor tilth.—The component of the map unit is

severely eroded, has less than 1 percent organic

matter in the surface layer, or has more than

35 percent clay in the surface layer.

Fair tilth.—The component of the map unit has a

surface layer of silty clay loam or clay loam or is a

moderately eroded phase of loam or silt loam.

Surface crusting.—The average organic matter

content in the surface layer is less than or equal to

3 percent and the texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.

Limited organic matter content.—The average

organic matter content in the surface layer of the

component of the map unit is less than or equal to

3 percent.

Frost heave.—The component of the map unit has

high potential for frost action.

Subsidence of organic matter.—The organic

matter content in the surface layer of the component of

the map unit is greater than or equal to 20 percent.

Wind erosion.—The component of the map unit is

assigned to wind erodibility group 1 or 2.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major

and generally expensive landforming that would

change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the

soils, nor do they include possible but unlikely major

reclamation projects. Capability classification is not a

substitute for interpretations designed to show

suitability and limitations of groups of soils for

rangeland, for woodland, and for engineering

purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally

grouped at three levels—capability class, subclass,

and unit. Only class and subclass are used in this

survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by numerals 1 through 8. The numerals

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have few limitations that restrict their

use.
Erie County, Ohio 97

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that reduce

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that reduce the

choice of plants or that require special conservation

practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

reduce the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are not likely to erode but have other

limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their use.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that nearly preclude their use for

commercial crop production.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding an uppercase

letter, E, W, S, or C, to the class numeral, for example,

2E. The letter E shows that the main hazard is the risk

of erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; W shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); S shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and C, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by W, S, or C

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use to pasture, rangeland, woodland, wildlife habitat,

or recreation.

The acreage of soils in each capability class and

subclass is shown in table 8. The capability

classification of the map units in this survey area is

given in table 5 and in the section entitled “Interpretive

Groups.”

Pasture and Hayland Interpretations

Soils are assigned to pasture and hayland groups

according to their suitability for the production of

forage. The soils in each group are similar enough to

be suited to the same species of grasses or legumes,

have similar limitations and hazards, require similar

management, and have similar productivity levels and

other responses to management.

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control. Proper grazing

helps plants to maintain sufficient and generally

vigorous top growth during the growing season. Brush

control is essential in many areas, and weed control

generally is needed. Rotation grazing and renovation

also are important management practices.

Yield estimates are often provided in animal unit

months (AUM), or the amount of forage or feed

required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

The pasture and hayland suitability group symbol

for each soil is listed in the “Interpretive Groups”

section. Soils assigned the same suitability group

symbol require the same general management and

have about the same potential productivity. The

pasture and hayland suitability groups are based on

soil characteristics and limitations.

Soils assigned to Group A have few limitations

affecting the management and growth of climatically

adapted plants.

Soils in group A-1 are very deep and are well

drained or moderately well drained. They have a

surface layer of silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam,

sandy loam, loam, or loamy sand. Available water

capacity ranges from moderate to very high. These

soils respond favorably to additions of lime. Frequent

applications may be needed to maintain an adequate

pH level. A low pH in the subsoil can shorten the life of

some deep-rooted legumes in the stand. Slopes range

from 0 to 18 percent.

Soils in group A-2 are very deep and are well

drained or moderately well drained. They have a

surface layer of silt loam. Available water capacity is

high or very high. These soils respond favorably to

additions of lime. Frequent applications may be

needed to maintain an adequate pH level. Slopes

range from 18 to 25 percent. The slope may interfere

with mechanical application of lime and fertilizer and

with clipping, mowing, and spraying for weed control.

The slope also increases the hazard of erosion if the

areas are overgrazed or cultivated for reseeding.

These soils are suited to no-till reseedings and

interseedings.

Soils in group A-3 are very deep and are well

drained or moderately well drained. They have a

surface layer of silt loam. Slopes range from 25 to

40 percent. These soils generally are not suited to

pasture or hay because of the slope.

Soils in group A-5 are very deep and well drained.

They are subject to occasional periods of flooding. The

flooding limits the use of these soils for pasture during

periods of stream overflow, and sediment lowers the

quality of the forage. The soils have a surface layer of

silt loam or loam. Available water capacity is moderate

or high. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.
98 Soil Survey

Soils in group A-6 are very deep, are moderately

well drained, and are subject to frost action. Frost

action can damage legume stands. Mixing fibrousrooted grasses with legumes and proper grazing

management help to prevent the damage caused by

frost action. The soils have a surface layer of silt loam,

fine sandy loam, or silty clay loam. Available water

capacity is moderate or high. Slopes range from 0 to

18 percent.

Soils in group B have limited growth and production

potential because of droughtiness. Those in group

B-1 are very deep or deep and are well drained or

moderately well drained. They have a surface layer of

loam, gravelly loam, or loamy fine sand. Available

water capacity is low. These soils are sandy or

loamy-skeletal in the subsoil. Slopes range from 0 to

12 percent.

Soils in group C are wet because of a seasonal

high water table. Those in group C-1 are very deep

and are somewhat poorly drained to very poorly

drained. They have a surface layer of silt loam, silty

clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine sand.

Available water capacity ranges from low to high.

These soils normally respond well to a subsurface

drainage system. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent.

Soils in group C-2 are moderately deep to very

deep and are somewhat poorly drained to very poorly

drained. They have a surface layer of silty clay loam,

silty clay, clay loam, loam, or silt loam. Available water

capacity is low or moderate. A high seasonal high

water table limits the rooting depth of deep-rooted

forage plants. Some of these soils have bedrock at a

depth that also restricts root penetration. Shallowrooted species grow best in areas of these soils.

Subsurface drains are used to lower the seasonal high

water table. The effectiveness of a subsurface

drainage system is typically limited by permeability of

the subsoil, the depth to bedrock, or the landscape

position of the soil. Because of the limited root zone,

the soils in this group are better suited to forage

species that do not have a taproot. Slopes range from

0 to 6 percent.

Soils in group C-3 are very deep and are very

poorly drained or somewhat poorly drained. They are

subject to occasional or frequent flooding. The flooding

limits the use of these soils for pasture during periods

of stream overflow, and sediment lowers the quality of

the forage. The soils have a surface layer of silt loam.

Available water capacity is high. Slopes range from

0 to 2 percent. Frost action may damage legumes.

Including grasses in a seeding mixture and using

proper grazing management methods help to prevent

the damage caused by frost heaving. A seasonal high

water table limits the rooting depth of forage plants.

Shallow-rooted species grow best in areas of these

soils. Subsurface drains are used to lower the

seasonal high water table. The effectiveness of a

subsurface drainage system is limited by the

landscape position of the soils.

Soils in group D are organic soils. Those in

group D-1 are very deep and are very poorly drained.

They formed in organic material that is underlain by

sandy deposits. Available water capacity is very high.

Slopes are 0 or 1 percent.

Soils in group E are shallow or very shallow and are

well drained to poorly drained. The rooting depth of

plants grown in areas of these soils is restricted by

bedrock between depths of 4 and 20 inches. The soils

are droughty. They have a surface layer of silt loam or

loam. Available water capacity is very low or low.

Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent.

Soils in group F have a moderately deep root zone.

The growth of climatically adapted plants is restricted

in these soils to a depth of 20 to 40 inches. These soils

are better suited to forage species that do not have a

taproot.

Soils in group F-1 are moderately deep and are well

drained or moderately well drained. They have a

surface layer of very channery loam, channery loam,

loamy sand, sandy loam, or silt loam. Available water

capacity is very low to moderate. These soils are

droughty but are suitable for warm-season grasses,

such as switchgrass, big bluestem, indiangrass, and

Caucasian bluestem. The soils respond favorably to

additions of lime. Frequent applications may be

needed to maintain an adequate pH level. The low pH

of the subsoil in some of these soils can shorten the

life of some deep-rooted legumes in the stand. Slopes

range from 0 to 18 percent. Harrod silt loam, 0 to

1 percent slopes, frequently flooded, is in group F-1.

The flooding limits the use of this soil for pasture

during periods of stream overflow, and sediment

lowers the quality of the forage.

Soils in group H-1 are not suited to pasture or hay

because they have slopes of more than 40 percent.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Ohio State University

Extension can provide additional information about

forage yields other than those shown in table 5.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as
Erie County, Ohio 99

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,

growing season, and moisture supply are those

needed for the soil to economically produce sustained

high yields of crops when proper management,

including water management, and acceptable farming

methods are applied. In general, prime farmland has

an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and

growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an

acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not

excessively erodible or saturated with water for long

periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during

the growing season or is protected from flooding. The

slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed

information about the criteria for prime farmland is

available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service.

About 129,000 acres in Erie County, or 71 percent

of the total acreage, meets the soil requirements for

prime farmland. Scattered areas of this land are

throughout the county, but most are in the western

part, mainly in general soil map units 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10,

and 11, which are described under the heading

“General Soil Map Units.”

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime

farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of

prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on

marginal lands, which generally are more erodible,

droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily

cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 9. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed.

Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or

not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by

corrective measures. The extent of each listed map

unit is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Woodland Management and Productivity

Vegetation in the county at the time of the earliest

land surveys was mostly hardwood forest. Vegetation

types included mixed oak forest, beech forest, mixed

mesophytic forest, elm-ash swamp forest, and prairie

grassland (Gordon 1969). Only about 21,800 acres in

the county remains forested. The forested areas are

mainly on river bottoms and in small, scattered

woodlots in the uplands (USDA, NRCS 1996). Most of

the woodland has been harvested several times, and

many wooded areas have been pastured. The

condition of existing woodland varies depending on

past management, soil types, and logging practices.

The soil properties at a specific site influence

woodland management. The selection of the seedling

species, the seedling survival rate, the windthrow

hazard, the equipment limitation, and the potential for

erosion are management concerns that are influenced

by the soil type. The water-holding capacity, drainage,

and slope of a soil affect plant competition and

seedling mortality. The texture of the surface layer,

organic matter content, slope, and drainage influence

logging schedules, the equipment limitation, and

damage sustained to the woodland environment

during logging. Depth to the seasonal high water table

or bedrock influences rooting depth, which affects

windthrow and site productivity.

Soil type and plant species are related. Soils that

are susceptible to ponding for part of the year

commonly support stands of soft maple, bur oak,

swamp white oak, and pin oak. The somewhat poorly

drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained soils

are best suited to hydrophytic species, such as

sycamore, swamp white oak, American elm, and pin

oak. Moderately well drained and well drained soils

support a greater variety of tree species, such as

white pine, red oak, white oak, ash, hickory,

basswood, walnut, yellow-poplar, sugar maple, beech,

and cherry.

Income from the sale of timber is lower than that of

other farm products; however, if properly managed and

harvested, woodland on most soils in Erie County has

the potential to provide income per acre through the

periodic sale of timber that is similar to that of other

agricultural products. Woodland provides wildlife

habitat, serves as windbreaks, and has esthetic value.

It also produces edible nuts, lumber, and fuelwood.

Information on woodland management is available

from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Forestry; the Ohio State University

Extension; and the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.
100 Soil Survey

Table 10 can help woodland owners or forest

managers plan the use of soils for wood crops. Only

those soils suitable for wood crops are listed. The table

lists the ordination symbol for each soil. Soils assigned

the same ordination symbol require the same general

management and have about the same potential

productivity.

The first part of the ordination symbol, a number,

indicates the potential productivity of the soils for an

indicator tree species. The number indicates the

volume, in cubic meters per hectare per year, which

the indicator species can produce in a pure stand

under natural conditions. The number 1 indicates low

potential productivity; 2 or 3, moderate; 4 or 5,

moderately high; 6 to 8, high; 9 to 11, very high; and

12 to 39, extremely high. The second part of the

symbol, a letter, indicates the major kind of soil

limitation. The letter R indicates steep slopes; X,

stoniness or rockiness; W, excess water in or on the

soil; T, toxic substances in the soil; D, restricted rooting

depth; C, clay in the upper part of the soil; S, sandy

texture; F, a high content of rock fragments in the soil;

and N, snowpack. The letter A indicates that limitations

or restrictions are insignificant. If a soil has more than

one limitation, the priority is as follows: R, X, W, T, D,

C, S, F, and N.

In the table, slight, moderate, and severe indicate

the degree of the major soil limitations to be

considered in management.

Erosion hazard is the probability that damage will

occur as a result of site preparation and cutting where

the soil is exposed along roads, skid trails, and fire

lanes and in log-handling areas. Forests that have

been burned or overgrazed are also subject to erosion.

Ratings of the erosion hazard are based on the

percent of the slope. A rating of slight indicates that no

particular prevention measures are needed under

ordinary conditions. A rating of moderate indicates that

erosion-control measures are needed in certain

silvicultural activities. A rating of severe indicates that

special precautions are needed to control erosion in

most silvicultural activities.

Equipment limitation reflects the characteristics and

conditions of the soil that restrict use of the equipment

generally needed in woodland management or

harvesting. The chief characteristics and conditions

considered in the ratings are slope, stones on the

surface, rock outcrops, soil wetness, and texture of the

surface layer. A rating of slight indicates that under

normal conditions the kind of equipment and season

of use are not significantly restricted by soil factors.

Soil wetness can restrict equipment use, but the wet

period does not exceed 1 month. A rating of moderate

indicates that equipment use is moderately restricted

because of one or more soil factors. If the soil is wet,

the wetness restricts equipment use for a period of

1 to 3 months. A rating of severe indicates that

equipment use is severely restricted either as to the

kind of equipment that can be used or the season of

use. If the soil is wet, the wetness restricts equipment

use for more than 3 months.

Seedling mortality refers to the death of naturally

occurring or planted tree seedlings, as influenced by

the kinds of soil, soil wetness, or topographic

conditions. The factors used in rating the soils for

seedling mortality are texture of the surface layer,

depth to a seasonal high water table and the length of

the period when the water table is high, rock

fragments in the surface layer, effective rooting depth,

and slope aspect. A rating of slight indicates that

seedling mortality is not likely to be a problem under

normal conditions. Expected mortality is less than

25 percent. A rating of moderate indicates that some

problems from seedling mortality can be expected.

Extra precautions are advisable. Expected mortality is

25 to 50 percent. A rating of severe indicates that

seedling mortality is a serious problem. Extra

precautions are important. Replanting may be

necessary. Expected mortality is more than

50 percent.

Windthrow hazard is the likelihood that trees will be

uprooted by the wind because the soil is not deep

enough for adequate root anchorage. The main

restrictions that affect rooting are a seasonal high

water table and the depth to bedrock, a fragipan, or

other limiting layers. A rating of slight indicates that

under normal conditions no trees are blown down by

the wind. Strong winds may damage trees, but they do

not uproot them. A rating of moderate indicates that

some trees can be blown down during periods when

the soil is wet and winds are moderate or strong. A

rating of severe indicates that many trees can be

blown down during these periods.

Plant competition ratings indicate the degree to

which undesirable species are expected to invade and

grow when openings are made in the tree canopy. The

main factors that affect plant competition are depth to

the water table and the available water capacity. A

rating of slight indicates that competition from

undesirable plants is not likely to prevent natural

regeneration or suppress the more desirable species.

Planted seedlings can become established without

undue competition. A rating of moderate indicates that

competition may delay the establishment of desirable

species. Competition may hamper stand development,

but it will not prevent the eventual development of fully
Erie County, Ohio 101

stocked stands. A rating of severe indicates that

competition can be expected to prevent regeneration

unless precautionary measures are applied.

The potential productivity of merchantable or

common trees on a soil is expressed as a site index

and as a volume number. The site index is the average

height, in feet, that dominant and codominant trees of

a given species attain in a specified number of years.

The site index applies to fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stands. Commonly grown trees are those

that woodland managers generally favor in

intermediate or improvement cuttings. They are

selected on the basis of growth rate, quality, value,

and marketability.

The volume, a number, is the yield likely to be

produced by the most important trees. This number,

expressed as cubic feet per acre per year, indicates

the amount of fiber produced in a fully stocked, evenaged, unmanaged stand.

Trees to manage are those that are preferred for

planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those

that remain in the stand after thinning or partial

harvest.

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, and yards

from wind and snow. They also protect fruit trees and

gardens, and they furnish habitat for wildlife. Several

rows of low- and high-growing broadleaf and

coniferous trees and shrubs provide the most

protection.

Field windbreaks are narrow plantings made at right

angles to the prevailing wind and at specific intervals

across the field. The interval depends on the erodibility

of the soil. Field windbreaks protect cropland and

crops from wind, help to keep snow on the fields, and

provide food and cover for wildlife.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition (fig. 11).

Each tree or shrub species has certain climatic and

physiographic limits. Within these parameters, a tree

or shrub may grow well or grow poorly, depending on

the characteristics of the soil. Each tree or shrub has

definable potential heights in a given physiographic

area and under a given climate. Accurate definitions of

potential heights are necessary when a windbreak is

planned and designed.

Table 11 shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in this table are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens.

Additional information on planning windbreaks

and screens and planting and caring for trees and

shrubs can be obtained from the local office of the

Natural Resources Conservation Service; the Ohio

State University Extension; the Ohio Department of

Natural Resources, Division of Forestry; or from a

nursery.

Landscape Plants

The natural landscape of Erie County has been

logged, grazed, and cropped since the early 1800s.

Agricultural land users have drained most areas that

are too wet for cropland. They have also mixed the

surface layer with the upper part of the more clayey

subsoil on eroded slopes. Lime has been added to

maintain near neutral pH in the surface layer.

Information about present soil conditions and

landscape plant needs will help the land user save

money by reducing plant losses. The user should also

know about possible maintenance costs. Drastically

disturbed soils, such as Udorthents, loamy, 0 to

6 percent slopes, are not considered.

The soil-water-plant relationship is unique to every

plant. It is affected by the position of the soil on the

landscape, the texture (percent of sand, silt, and clay)

of the surface layer and subsoil, natural drainage,

available water capacity, and soil reaction (pH).

Much of the rainwater and snowmelt rapidly runs off

of the higher, drier parts of the landscape, such as

knolls, rises, and backslopes, and runs onto or into the

lower, wetter areas, such as flat areas, depressions,

drainageways, and flood plains. Some of this surface

water on the higher, drier parts of the landscape soaks

into the surface layer and subsoil, and some of it

moves less rapidly downslope, along the surface layer

contact with the subsoil. The rest of the water

percolates slowly into the lower part of the subsoil and

may eventually enter the subsoil in the lower, wetter

areas. Therefore, much more water, along with any

dissolved nutrients, is available for plant growth in the

lower, wetter areas than in the higher, drier areas. If

these lower, wetter areas are not drained or if old

drainage systems are not maintained, these areas will

become wetter for most of the year. Wetland plants are

associated with areas that are wet for most of the year.
102 Soil Survey

If these areas are drained or if the old drainage

systems are maintained, upland plants will become

more dominant.

Soils in these areas are very poorly drained.

Drainage systems help to remove excess water. These

soils have a very high, high, or moderate available

water capacity, and they are generally neutral or

slightly acid (pH of 6.1 to 7.3) in the surface layer and

subsoil.

Plants likely to grow well on these soils are wetland

plants that tolerate ponding or flooding. Adrian muck,

which is very strongly acid to slightly alkaline at a

depth of 20 inches, is difficult to drain and is a natural

wetland. Condit, Millgrove, Pewamo, and Weyers soils

also support wetland plants in areas that are not

drained.

Soils in the higher, drier areas are moderately

well drained or well drained. They have a moderate,

low, or very low available water capacity and are

mostly neutral or acid in the surface layer and in

the upper part of the subsoil unless they have been

limed.

Plants likely to grow well on these soils are upland

tree species and other plants that need about equal

parts of air and water in the surface layer and the

upper part of the subsoil. Some plants will not tolerate

the low amount of air in a clayey subsoil. Other plants

will not tolerate the very low available water capacity

(droughtiness) in a very gravelly and sandy subsoil. A

few plants need very acidic soils, which are not

common in the county.

Soils in the higher, drier or more sloping areas are

those in the Amanda, Belmore, Brecksville,

Cardington, Chili, Conotton, Dekalb, Dunbridge,

Ellsworth, Elnora, Fox, Milton, Oakville, Ogontz,

Oshtemo, Rawson, Saylesville, Shinrock, Spinks,

Tuscola, Wakeman, and Zurich series.

Somewhat poorly drained soils in flat areas and on

low slopes are too dry in the summer to be considered

lower, wetter soils but are too wet in the spring to be

Figure 11.—A windbreak of conifers in an area of Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes.
Erie County, Ohio 103

considered among the soils in the higher, drier areas.

These soils have a low, moderate, or high available

water capacity. They are neutral or acid in the surface

layer and in the upper part of the subsoil unless they

have been limed.

Plants likely to grow well on these soils must

tolerate both wet and dry conditions in most years

unless the soils are drained. Soils in these areas are

those in the Bennington, Bixler, Del Rey, Elliott, Fulton,

Haskins, Hornell, Jimtown, Kibbie, Mahoning,

Mitiwanga, Orrville, Plumbrook, Randolph, and Rimer

series.

New varieties of some plants have been developed

in order to overcome some limitations. For example,

Fraser fir, which is grown for Christmas tree

production, cannot tolerate the wet, clayey subsoil

common to Bennington and Mahoning soils; however,

a new variety of Fraser fir grows well in areas of these

soils.

Additional information regarding the suitability of

selected plants to the planting site can be obtained

from the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service; the Ohio State University

Extension; the Ohio Department of Natural Resources,

Division of Forestry; or from a nursery.

Recreation

Erie County has more recreational opportunities

than many of the counties in northwestern Ohio. The

Lake Erie shoreline provides extensive access to

water-related activities, such as boating and fishing.

The amusement park at Cedar Point provides

entertainment opportunities that draw visitors from

throughout Ohio. Kelleys Island State Park provides

sites for seasonal, special events that are scheduled

throughout the year for the public.

The city of Sandusky has several city parks and

recreational facilities available for use by the public. In

addition, there are many village parks throughout the

county that have athletic fields, swimming pools,

playground equipment, or shelter houses. There are

also many public or private golf courses.

A wide variety of soils are used as recreational

areas in the county; however, several of the county

and village parks that are used for seasonal, outdoor

activities are on flood plains.

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 12

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation are also

important. Soils that are subject to flooding are limited

for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In the table, the degree of soil limitation is

expressed as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight

means that soil properties are generally favorable and

that limitations are minor and easily overcome.

Moderate means that limitations can be overcome or

alleviated by planning, design, or special maintenance.

Severe means that soil properties are unfavorable and

that limitations can be offset only by costly soil

reclamation, special design, intensive maintenance,

limited use, or a combination of these measures.

The information in the table can be supplemented

by other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in

table 15 and interpretations for dwellings without

basements and for local roads and streets in

table 14.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.
104 Soil Survey

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Wildlife Habitat

The population of wildlife in Erie County has been

adversely affected by extensive fall plowing, the

elimination of fence rows, and the clearing of woodlots.

A large portion of the wildlife areas in the county are

wetland habitat. Erie County is one of the nine coastal

counties in Ohio that border Lake Erie. Two rivers and

many streams empty into the lake. Publicly managed

wildlife areas and nature preserves provide excellent

wetland wildlife habitat (fig. 12). They include Willow

Point, Rest Haven, Sheldons Marsh, Old Woman

Creek, and the National Estuarine Research Reserve.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration

property in Perkins Township is the largest wildlife area

in the county.

For information on managing or improving wildlife

habitat, contact the Ohio Department of Natural

Resources, Division of Wildlife; the Ohio State

University Extension; or the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

Figure 12.—Endoaquents in the Rest Haven Wildlife Area. These soils, which are in the background, provide excellent habitat for

wetland wildlife.
Erie County, Ohio 105

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 13, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of

grain and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and

barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface

stoniness, flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and

soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of

grasses and legumes are fescue, bromegrass, clover,

and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are foxtail, goldenrod,

lambsquarter, pigweed, and eveningprimrose.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, poplar, cherry,

sweetgum, apple, hawthorn, dogwood, hickory,

blackberry, and blueberry. Examples of fruit-producing

shrubs that are suitable for planting on soils rated

good are Russian-olive and crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, cattails,

cordgrass, rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark,

field sparrow, cottontail, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous plants or coniferous plants, or both, and

associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous

plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include

woodcock, thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox,

raccoon, and deer.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, and mink.
106 Soil Survey

Hydric Soils

In this section, hydric soils are defined and

described and the hydric soils in the survey area are

listed.

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are

hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland

hydrology (Cowardin and others 1979; National

Research Council 1995; Tiner 1985; U.S. Army Corps

of Engineers 1987). Criteria for each of the

characteristics must be met for areas to be identified

as wetlands. Undrained hydric soils that have natural

vegetation should support a dominant population of

ecological wetland plant species. Hydric soils that

have been converted to other uses should be capable

of being restored to wetlands.

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical

Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that

formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or

ponding long enough during the growing season to

develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register 1994). These soils are either

saturated or inundated long enough during the

growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil

properties that are associated with wetness. In order

to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or

nonhydric soil, however, more specific information,

such as information about the depth and duration of

the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify

those estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils

have been established (Federal Register 1995). These

criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil series

that normally is associated with wetlands. The criteria

used are selected estimated soil properties that are

described in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1999)

and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff 1990,

1996) and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey

Division Staff 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to

be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain

properties that can be easily observed in the field.

These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils.

The indicators used to make onsite determinations of

hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field

Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States” (Hurt,

Whited, and Pringle 1996).

Hydric soils are identified by examining and

describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This

depth may be greater if determination of an

appropriate indicator so requires. It is always

recommended that soils be excavated and described

to the depth necessary for an understanding of the

redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed

soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil

features required by each indicator and specify which

indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a

hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is

present.

The following map units meet the definition of hydric

soils and, in addition, have at least one of the hydric

soil indicators. This list can help in planning land uses;

however, onsite investigation is recommended to

determine the hydric soils on a specific site (National

Research Council 1995; Hurt, Whited, and Pringle

1996).

AaA Adrian muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes

AkA Allis clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

CmA Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

CnA Colwood silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to

1 percent slopes

CoA Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

EsA Endoaquents, loamy, 0 to 1 percent slopes

FnA Fluvaquents, silty, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

FrA Fries silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

GdA Gilford fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

HoA Holly silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

JuA Joliet silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

MeA Mermill silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

MfA Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

MgA Millgrove loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

MmA Millsdale silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

MrA Miner silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

MsA Miner silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to

1 percent slopes

OmA Olmsted loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

PcA Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

SaA Sandusky loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

TnA Toledo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

ToA Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes

TpA Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

ponded

WeA Weyers silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes

Map units that are made up of hydric soils may

have small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils in

the higher positions on the landform, and map units

made up of nonhydric soils may have inclusions of

hydric soils in the lower positions on the landform.

The following map units, in general, do not meet the

definition of hydric soils because they do not have one

of the hydric soil indicators. A portion of these map

units, however, may include hydric soils. Onsite

investigation is recommended to determine whether
Erie County, Ohio 107

hydric soils occur and the location of the included

hydric soils.

AeA Algiers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

BeA Bennington loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

BgA Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

BgB Bennington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

BkA Bixler loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes

CaB Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

CbC2 Cardington silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

CcA Castalia very channery loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

CcB Castalia very channery loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

DeA Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

EcA Elliott silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to

2 percent slopes

EdB Ellsworth silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

EdC2 Ellsworth silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes,

eroded

FuA Fulton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

had Harrod silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,

frequently flooded

HkA Haskins loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

HpB Hornell loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

HrB Hornell silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

HsA Hornell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

JtA Jimtown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

KbA Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

MaA Mahoning silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

MaB Mahoning silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

MbB Marblehead loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes

NoA Nolin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

occasionally flooded

OpA Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to

2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

OrA Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to

2 percent slopes, frequently flooded

PmA Plumbrook fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

RaA Randolph silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

RcA Rawson sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

RcB Rawson sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

RgA Rimer loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

ShB Shinrock silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

SkC2 Shinrock silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

SkD2 Shinrock silty clay loam, 12 to 18 percent

slopes, eroded

TuA Tuscola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

TuB Tuscola fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent

slopes

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the estimated data and test data in the

“Soil Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or

6 feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal

high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural

soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate
108 Soil Survey

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 14 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are not favorable for the indicated use

and special planning, design, or maintenance is

needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and

severe if soil properties or site features are so

unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required. Special

feasibility studies may be required where the soil

limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense

layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time

of the year that excavations can be made is affected

by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving

is affected by soil texture and depth to the water

table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and flooding affect the ease of excavation and

construction. Landscaping and grading that require

cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not

considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large

stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and

grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, frost

action potential, and depth to a high water table affect

the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance

of the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the content of

salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant

growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and

the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the

surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation is

established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 15 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are
Erie County, Ohio 109

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the use

and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly

alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the

effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan

interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

Table 15 gives ratings for the natural soil that makes

up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, generally,

1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface layer are

excavated to provide material for the embankments.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site features,

and observed performance of the soils. Considered in

the ratings are slope, permeability, a high water table,

depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large

stones, and content of organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and

cemented pans can cause construction problems, and

large stones can hinder compaction of the lagoon

floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types

of landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the

waste is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted,

and covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated

at the site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The

waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily

with a thin layer of soil from a source away from the

site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in table 15 are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a

high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types

of landfill. Texture, stones and boulders, highly organic

layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium

affect trench landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the

ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth

of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated

slight or moderate may not be valid. Onsite

investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the

waste.

Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as

the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for

plants. The surface layer generally has the best

workability, more organic matter, and the best potential

for plants. Material from the surface layer should be

stockpiled for use as the final cover.
110 Soil Survey

Construction Materials

Table 16 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In the construction materials table, the soils are

rated as a source of roadfill for low embankments,

generally less than 6 feet high and less exacting in

design than higher embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information

can help to determine the suitability of each layer for

use as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is

stabilized with lime or cement is not considered in the

ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They

are wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In this table, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Rock fragments of soft bedrock, such as shale

and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper

40 inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well

to fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils or loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to

15 percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation

is difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large
Erie County, Ohio 111

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 17 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features are

generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and are easily overcome;

moderate if soil properties or site features are not

favorable for the indicated use and special planning,

design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or

minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties or

site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts

or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of

usable material. It also affects trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that

affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth

to a high water table or depth of standing water if the

soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to

flooding; subsidence of organic layers; and the

potential for frost action. Excavating and grading and

the stability of ditchbanks are affected by depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of

the soil after drainage is adversely affected by extreme

acidity or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as

salts, sodium, and sulfur. Availability of drainage

outlets is not considered in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan. The

performance of a system is affected by the depth of

the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil

reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan

affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A

restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind

erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct
112

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity.

Large stones, wetness, slope, and depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan affect the

construction of grassed waterways. A hazard of

wind erosion, low available water capacity,

restricted rooting depth, toxic substances such as

salts and sodium, and restricted permeability

adversely affect the growth and maintenance of the

grass after construction.
113

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are determined by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine grain-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include the engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 18 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each soil

in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than

2 millimeters in diameter (fig. 13). “Loam,” for example,

is soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt,

and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of

particles coarser than sand is as much as about

15 percent, an appropriate modifier is added, for

example, “gravelly.” Textural terms are defined in the

Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM 2001) and

the system adopted by the American Association of

State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO

2000).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

Soil Properties

Figure 13.—Percentages of clay, silt, and sand in the basic

USDA soil textural classes.
114 Soil Survey

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than

3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and

0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based

on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit,

and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation

and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or

2 percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in the

table.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Tables 19a and 19b show estimates of some

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the major layers of each

soil in the survey area. The estimates are based on

field observations and on test data for these and

similar soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 19a, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity,

the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties.

The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage

and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at

105 degrees C. In this table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than

2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit

water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of

downward movement of water when the soil is

saturated. They are based on soil characteristics

observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity,

and texture. Permeability is considered in the design of

soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption

fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water and depth of the root zone.

The most important properties are the content of

organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil

structure. Available water capacity is an important

factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and

in the design and management of irrigation systems.

Available water capacity is not an estimate of the

quantity of water actually available to plants at any

given time.

Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume

change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. Volume

change occurs mainly because of the interaction of

clay minerals with water and varies with the amount

and type of clay minerals in the soil. The size of the

load on the soil and the magnitude of the change in

soil moisture content influence the amount of swelling
Erie County, Ohio 115

of soils in place. Swelling was estimated on the

basis of the kind and amount of clay minerals in the

soil and on the basis of measurements of similar

soils.

If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to

very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage

to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special

design is often needed.

Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the

change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture

content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The

classes are low, a change of less than 3 percent;

moderate, 3 to 6 percent; high, more than 6 percent;

and very high, greater than 9 percent.

Erosion factors are shown in table 19a as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in

the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil

structure and permeability. Values of K range from

0.02 to 0.64. Other factors being equal, the higher the

value, the more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill

erosion by water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

The groups are as follows:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric

soil material.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy

clays, and hemic soil material.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that

are less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil

material.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of coarse fragments on the surface or

because of surface wetness.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity,

and as shown in table 19b, it is expressed as a

range in pH values. The pH of each soil horizon is

based on many field tests. For many soils, values

have been verified by laboratory analyses. Soil

reaction is important in selecting crops and other

plants, in evaluating soil amendments for fertility

and stabilization, and in determining the risk of

corrosion.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In

table 19b, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained or increased by returning crop residue to

the soil. Organic matter has a positive effect on

available water capacity, water infiltration, soil

organism activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen

and other nutrients for crops and soil organisms.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliquivalents per 100 grams of

soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. Soils having a high cationexchange capacity can retain cations. The ability to

retain cations reduces the hazard of ground-water

pollution.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.
116 Soil Survey

Soil Features

Table 20 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that

has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal

properties that significantly impede the movement of

water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or

otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment.

Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense

layers, and frozen layers. The table indicates the

hardness and thickness of the restrictive layer, both of

which significantly affect the ease of excavation. Depth

to top is the vertical distance from the soil surface to

the upper boundary of the restrictive layer.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. Total

subsidence is the result of a combination of factors.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage mainly to pavements and other

rigid structures. A low potential for frost action

indicates that the soil is rarely susceptible to the

formation of ice lenses; a moderate potential indicates

that the soil is susceptible to formation of ice lenses,

resulting in frost heave and the subsequent loss of soil

strength; and a high potential indicates that the soil is

highly susceptible to the formation of ice lenses,

resulting in frost heave and the subsequent loss of soil

strength.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.

Water Features

Table 21 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of very deep, well drained to excessively

drained sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a

high rate of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils

having a layer that impedes the downward movement

of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine

texture. These soils have a slow rate of water

transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that
Erie County, Ohio 117

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

The table indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table at

selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone,

namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. Depth is given to the nearest half

foot. A saturated zone that lasts for less than a month

is not considered a water table. “More than 6.0”

indicates that the water table is below a depth of 6 feet

or that it is within a depth of 6 feet for less than a

month.

An apparent water table is a thick zone of free water

in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which water

stands in an uncased borehole after adequate time is

allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. A

perched water table is water standing above an

unsaturated zone. In places an upper, or perched,

water table is separated from a lower one by a dry

zone.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. Table 21 indicates surface water depth

and the duration of ponding. Duration is expressed as

very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long if

7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding. Duration is

estimated. It is expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour

to 4 hours, very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7

days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days.

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

Physical and Chemical Analyses of

Selected Soils

Many of the soils in Erie County were sampled by

the Soil Characterization Laboratory, School of Natural

Resources, The Ohio State University, in Columbus,

Ohio. The physical and chemical data obtained from

the samples include particle-size distribution, reaction,

organic matter content, calcium carbonate content,

and extractable cations.

These data were used in classifying and correlating

soils and in evaluating their behavior under various

land uses. Six pedons were selected as representative

of their respective series and are described in the

section titled “Soil Series and Their Morphology.”

These series and their laboratory identification

numbers are ER-40, Marblehead; ER-42, Allis; ER-43,

Ogontz; ER-44, Wakeman; ER-45, Plumbrook; and

ER-46, Mitiwanga.

In addition to the data from Erie County, laboratory

data are available from adjacent or nearby counties

that have many of the same soils. These data and the

data from Erie County are on file at the School of

Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, in

Columbus, Ohio; the Ohio Department of Natural

Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conservation,

in Columbus, Ohio; and the Ohio State NRCS Office in

Columbus, Ohio.

Engineering Index Test Data

Table 22 shows laboratory test data for several

pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the

survey area. The pedons are representative of the

series described in the section “Soil Series and Their

Morphology.” The soil samples were tested by the Ohio

Department of Transportation, Division of Highways,

Testing Laboratory, in Columbus, Ohio.

The testing methods generally are those of the

American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

The tests and methods are AASHTO

classification—M 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM);

Unified classification—D 2487 (ASTM); Mechanical

analysis—T 88 (AASHTO), D 422 (ASTM), D 2217

(ASTM); Liquid limit—T 89 (AASHTO), D 4318

(ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), D 4318

(ASTM); and Moisture density—T 99 (AASHTO), D

698 (ASTM).

119

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff 1975). Beginning with the broadest,

these categories are the order, suborder, great group,

subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on

soil properties observed in the field or inferred from

those observations or from laboratory measurements.

Table 23 shows the classification of the soils in the

survey area. The categories are defined in the

following paragraphs.

ORDER. Eleven soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Alfisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Udalf (Ud,

meaning humid, plus alf, from Alfisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal

horizonation, plus udalf, the suborder of the Alfisols

that has a udic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Hapludalfs.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle size, mineral

content, soil temperature regime, soil depth, and

reaction. A family name consists of the name of a

subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil

properties. An example is fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

county is described. Characteristics of the soil and the

material in which it formed are identified for each

series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area of

soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. Pedons used in this publication were

primarily described and documented as part of the

Erie County modernization process. In certain

circumstances, pedons from adjacent survey areas or

from the site of the official series description (OSD)

were utilized. In most cases, typical pedons from

adjacent survey areas were used to provide consistent

supporting data and documentation across survey

area boundaries. In the case of OSDs, it was to

transition toward the use of official series descriptions

as part of a national trend in soil survey publications.

The detailed description of each soil horizon follows

standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey

Division Staff 1993). Many of the technical terms used

in the descriptions are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil

Survey Staff 1975) and in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy”

(Soil Survey Staff 1990, 1996). Unless otherwise

indicated, colors in the descriptions are for moist

soil. Following the pedon description is the range

of important characteristics of the soils in the

series.

Classification of the Soils
120 Soil Survey

The map units of each soil series are described in

the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Adrian Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow to moderately rapid in

the organic material and rapid in the underlying

sandy material

Parent material: Organic material overlying sandy

deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Closed depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Millgrove, Jimtown

Taxonomic classification: Sandy or sandy-skeletal,

mixed, euic, mesic Terric Medisaprists

Typical Pedon

Adrian muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 1 mile

northeast of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township; about

2,900 feet southwest of the intersection of Mason

Road (County Road 13) and Humm Road (Township

Road 134), along Humm Road, then 425 feet east;

quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.

Oa1—0 to 16 inches; muck, black (N 2/) broken face

and rubbed; less than 5 percent fibers, rubbed and

unrubbed (primarily herbaceous fibers); moderate

medium and coarse granular structure; very

friable; many fine and very fine roots; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Oa2—16 to 28 inches; muck, dark reddish brown (5YR

3/2) broken face and black (N 2/) rubbed; less

than 5 percent fibers, unrubbed and rubbed

(primarily herbaceous fibers); weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and

very fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg1—28 to 32 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loamy sand;

single grain; loose; few fine and very fine roots;

many prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2)

organic stains in pores; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg2—32 to 64 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) sand; single grain;

loose; few very fine roots; common prominent

reddish brown (5YR 4/4) iron and manganese

stains in pores; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg3—64 to 80 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) loamy sand;

single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic layer: 16 to 51 inches

Oa1 horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR or is neutral; value

of 2; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—sapric material

Oa2 horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR or is neutral;

value of 2 or 3; chroma of 0 to 3

Texture—sapric material

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 to 3

Texture—sand, loamy sand, fine sand, gravelly

sand, gravelly loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

Algiers Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the solum

Parent material: Alluvium overlying a buried soil

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Fans and toeslopes along

depressions

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Holly, Shinrock, Zurich

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, nonacid, mesic Aquic Udifluvents

Typical Pedon

Algiers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 2 miles

south of Huron, in Huron Township; about 1,200 feet

north of the intersection of State Route 13 and Scheid

Road (Township Road 12), along State Route 13, then

822 feet east; quadrangle 2; T. 6 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) unrubbed; weak medium and fine granular

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

few very fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—11 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) unrubbed; massive; friable; few very fine

roots; few very fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese concretions in the matrix; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 121

C2—18 to 31 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam; massive; friable; few very fine roots;

few 1

/4- to 1/2-inch-thick lenses of yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sand; few very fine

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Ab—31 to 39 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay

loam; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

common medium faint dark gray (10YR 4/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bgb—39 to 51 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate medium and coarse angular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) coatings on faces of peds;

few prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; few very fine

prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg1—51 to 78 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; many medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few fine distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg2—78 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam;

massive; friable; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the recent alluvium: 20 to 36 inches

A horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—silt loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Ab horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bgb horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y or is neutral;

value of 4 or 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, loam

Content of rock fragments— 0 to 5 percent

Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Allis Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas, slight

rises

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Condit, Fries, Hornell

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, acid, mesic

Typic Endoaquepts

Typical Pedon

Allis clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 2 miles

south of Vermilion, in Vermilion Township; about

2,350 feet north of the intersection of State Route 60

and Darrow Road (County Road 14), along State

Route 60, then 1,585 feet west; quadrangle 1; T. 6 N.,

R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; few fine and very fine roots; very strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BAg—6 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds; few faint light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg1—9 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; few faint gray

(10YR 5/1) clay depletions on faces of peds;
122 Soil Survey

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments; very

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—14 to 22 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

gray (10YR 5/1) clay depletions on faces of peds;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) and common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 1 percent rock

fragments; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg3—22 to 28 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very

fine roots; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay

depletions on faces of peds; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

3 percent shale fragments; extremely acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

2Cr—28 to 30 inches; weathered shale.

2R—30 to 32 inches; unweathered shale bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to shale bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay,

the channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

Amanda Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow in the lower part of the

solum and in the substratum

Parent material: Till

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains and ground

moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Slope: 12 to 70 percent

Adjacent soils: Dekalb, Ellsworth, Tioga

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Amanda loam, in an area of Amanda-Dekalb-Rock

outcrop association, 40 to 70 percent slopes; about

1 mile south of Birmingham, in Florence Township;

about 1,600 feet south of the intersection of State

Route 60 and Garfield Road (Township Road 18),

along State Route 60, then 1,250 feet east;

quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Oe—1 inch to 0; partially decomposed leaf litter.

A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; friable; many fine and

medium roots; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

BA—5 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common medium and coarse

roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings

on faces of peds; 5 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BE—12 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common medium and coarse

roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings

and brown (10YR 5/3) coatings on faces of peds;

7 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—19 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and medium roots;

common faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay films and coatings on faces of peds;

10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Bt2—29 to 38 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots;

many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay

films and coatings on faces of peds; 10 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt3—38 to 46 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium

roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; 12 percent rock

fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BCt—46 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; very few

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films and coatings

on faces of peds; 10 percent rock fragments;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 123

C—52 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; massive; friable; few coarse faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 10 percent rock

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: Generally 40 to 70 inches but

ranges to 34 inches in eroded pedons

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam, silt loam

Content of rock fragments—5 to 15 percent

Belmore Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the solum and rapid

in the substratum

Parent material: Loamy deposits overlying stratified

loamy, gravelly, and sandy material

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits, shoulders,

backslopes

Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Milton, Bennington

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Belmore loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; in York Township

in Sandusky County, Ohio; about 248 feet north and

760 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 16, T. 4

N., R. 17 E.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown

(10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium and fine granular

structure; friable; common roots; 2 percent

rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—7 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few roots; few faint brown (7.5YR

5/4) clay bridging sand grains; 5 percent rock

fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—12 to 17 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay

loam; moderate coarse and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few roots; common

distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films

bridging sand grains; 20 percent rock fragments;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—17 to 23 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few roots; common distinct dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/4) clay films bridging sand grains;

15 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt4—23 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct dark reddish

brown (5YR 3/4) clay films bridging sand grains;

30 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C1—30 to 47 inches; mixed grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

and pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly loamy sand;

few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; single grain; loose; 30 percent rock

fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

C2—47 to 56 inches; mixed grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

and pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; single grain;

loose; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

mottles; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

C3—56 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

massive; friable; 3 percent rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 55 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 or 4
124 Soil Survey

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, the

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 35 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, the

gravelly or very gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—3 to 40 percent

The Belmore soils in this county are wetter than

is defined as the range for the series. They have

2-chroma redoximorphic features within a depth of

40 inches. They classify as fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs. This difference, however,

does not significantly affect the use and management

of the soils.

Bennington Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Parent material: Till

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

knolls, backslopes, shoulders

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Cardington, Condit, Pewamo

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles southwest of Parkertown, in Groton Township;

about 2,045 feet east and 300 feet south of the

intersection of Strecker Road (County Road 15) and

State Route 269; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

BE—9 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium and fine granular

structure; firm; common fine roots; few distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces

of peds; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) coatings

on faces of peds; common fine distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt—11 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots;

many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films

and common faint brown (10YR 5/3) coatings on

faces of peds; common medium distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Btg—16 to 25 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of

peds; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium faint brown (10YR 4/3) and common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

BCg—25 to 29 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of peds;

common distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium faint brown (10YR 4/3) and common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few light gray (10YR 7/1) masses that have

accumulated calcium carbonate and are in the

matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—29 to 36 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; many faint light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) coatings on faces of vertical

partings; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of vertical

partings; common medium distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few light gray (10YR 7/1) masses that have

accumulated calcium carbonate and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 125

C1—36 to 48 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—48 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

massive; firm; few medium faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 46 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt and Btg horizons:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay,

clay

Content of rock fragments above a depth of

20 inches—0 to 5 percent

Content of rock fragments below a depth of

20 inches—2 to 15 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 6

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam,

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam,

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Bixler Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid in the sandy material and

moderate in the stratified lacustrine deposits

Parent material: Sandy deposits overlying stratified

lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, knolls,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Colwood, Kibbie, Tuscola

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aquic Arenic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Bixler loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; in Milan

Village, in Milan Township; about 1,400 feet east of

U.S. Route 250 at the Huron County line, along the

county line, then 300 feet north; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N.,

R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable;

few very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E1—10 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; few very fine

roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

organic coatings in pores; common medium and

coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in

the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

E2—17 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy sand; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; many medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—27 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand

grains; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; few fine

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron
126 Soil Survey

and are in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bt2—31 to 37 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay bridging between

sand grains; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Btg—37 to 44 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; strata of very fine sandy loam;

common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; common medium faint light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2Cg—44 to 53 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; massive with weak medium platy partings;

friable; strata of fine sandy loam; few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

plates; common medium distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium faint

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

2C—53 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine

sand stratified with very fine sandy loam and silt

loam; massive; very friable; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Combined thickness of the Ap and E horizons: 20 to

35 inches

Thickness of the solum: 28 to 55 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, chroma of 1

to 3

Texture—loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

E horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 6

Texture—silt loam; thin strata of silty clay loam,

loam, very fine sandy loam

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 to 6; chroma of 0 to 6

Texture—stratified with individual layers of silt

loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam,

loamy fine sand, fine sand, very fine sand, silt,

silty clay loam

Brecksville Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Parent material: Residuum derived from thin-bedded

shale

Landform: Dissected ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope: 40 to 70 percent

Adjacent soils: Jimtown, Oshtemo, Tioga

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Dystrochrepts

Typical Pedon

Brecksville silt loam, 40 to 70 percent slopes; in

Mayfield Village, in Cuyahoga County; North Chagrin

Reservation of Cleveland Metropolitan Parks; about

315 feet north along SOM Center Road from the

intersection of Highland Road, then 4,000 feet east.

A—0 to 2 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; many

roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—2 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; many roots; common faint light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay depletions on

faces of peds; 5 percent rock fragments; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—6 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles (lithochromic); moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common
Erie County, Ohio 127

roots; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw2—14 to 22 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/6) mottles (lithochromic); weak thin platy

structure; firm; few roots; 8 percent fragments

of shale; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

BC—22 to 27 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

channery silty clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles (lithochromic); weak thin

platy structure; firm; few roots; 20 percent

fragments of shale; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

C—27 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

channery silty clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) mottles (lithochromic); massive;

firm; 30 percent fragments of shale; very strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Cr—30 to 36 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4), thinbedded, weathered shale.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to shale bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, silty clay, the

channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 25 percent

BC horizon:

Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma

of 3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, the channery or

very channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 40 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma

of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, the channery or

very channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 40 percent

Cardington Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Slow in the substratum

Parent material: Till

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

knolls, backslopes, shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Condit, Pewamo

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about

2 miles northeast of Bellevue, in Groton Township;

about 3,100 feet east of the intersection of Potter Road

(Township Road 98) and State Route 269, along Potter

Road, then 1,000 feet north; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R.

24 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; few fine roots; mixed areas of

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Bt1 material in the

lower part; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—9 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

brown (10YR 5/3) coatings and clay films on faces

of peds; many coarse distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine distinct gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 25 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine

roots; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and common faint brown (10YR 5/3)

coatings on faces of peds; few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common medium distinct

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 5

percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.
128 Soil Survey

BC—25 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint brown

(10YR 5/3) coatings on vertical faces of peds; few

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/1) masses that have accumulated

calcium carbonate and are on vertical faces of

peds; common medium distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in

the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C—30 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; massive; firm; common medium

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of vertical

partings; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) masses

that have accumulated calcium carbonate and are

on faces of vertical partings; 8 percent rock

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 28 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 45 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam,

clay

Content of rock fragments above a depth of

20 inches—0 to 5 percent

Content of rock fragments below a depth of

20 inches—2 to 15 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, loam, silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, loam, silt

loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Castalia Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Parent material: Beach or eolian deposits intermixed

with glacially displaced limestone fragments

overlying limestone or dolostone

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 18 percent

Adjacent soils: Joliet, Millsdale, Milton, Ritchey

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal,

carbonatic, mesic Eutrochreptic Rendolls

Typical Pedon

Castalia very channery loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes;

about 8 miles southwest of Sandusky, in Groton

Township; about 300 feet south and 500 feet east

of the intersection of Portland Road (County

Road 32) and State Route 99; quadrangle 2; T. 5 N.,

R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

very channery loam, dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) dry; strong fine granular structure; friable;

many fine roots; 60 percent limestone channers

1 to 5 inches in diameter and 1/2 to 1 inch thick;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bw—8 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely

channery loam; weak fine granular structure;

friable; many fine roots; 80 percent limestone

channers 1 to 5 inches in diameter and 1/2 to

1 inch thick; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C—16 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely

flaggy loam; massive; friable; common fine and

medium roots; 90 percent limestone channers and

flagstones 3 to 10 inches in length and 1/2 inch to

2 inches thick; fragments displaced slightly from

original bedding; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual irregular boundary.

R—24 to 26 inches; gray (10YR 5/1), unweathered

limestone bedrock with vertical fractures 1 to

2 feet apart.
Erie County, Ohio 129

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 25 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—very channery loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to

6; chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—the very channery or extremely

channery analogs of loam, silt loam, fine sandy

loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—35 to 80 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to

6; chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—the very channery, extremely channery,

or extremely flaggy analogs of loam, silt loam,

fine sandy loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—50 to 90 percent

Chili Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Parent material: Outwash deposits and beach deposits

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains and on

terraces

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Cardington, Oshtemo, Rawson

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Chili loam, loamy substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes;

about 1 mile south of Birmingham, in Florence

Township; about 1,200 feet south of the intersection of

State Route 60 and West Road (Township Road 62),

along State Route 60, then 2,100 feet east;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium and fine granular structure;

friable; many fine and very fine roots; 5 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BE—9 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

organic coatings and common faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) coatings on faces of peds;

5 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—14 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; 10 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—23 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on sand grains and

rock fragments; 20 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BCt—32 to 41 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on sand

grains and rock fragments; 30 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C1—41 to 77 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly sandy

loam; massive; friable; 25 percent rock fragments;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2—77 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; common coarse faint brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; massive; friable; 5 percent rock

fragments; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 80 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay

loam, the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of

those textures

Content of rock fragments—15 to 50 percent
130 Soil Survey

BC or BCt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of

loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, loam, coarse sandy loam,

the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent

Colwood Series

Depth class: Very deep and deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderately slow in the solum

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits;

lacustrine deposits overlying shale in the bedrock

substratum phase

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Kibbie, Tuscola

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 3 miles

northwest of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township; about

4,200 feet north and 500 feet east of the intersection

of Wikel Road (Township Road 127) and Mason Road

(County Road 13); quadrangle 3; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; few fine prominent reddish

gray (5YR 5/2) iron and manganese concretions

in the matrix; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bg1—11 to 22 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark gray

(10YR 4/1) coatings on faces of peds; common

medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent

reddish gray (5YR 5/2) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg2—22 to 33 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of peds;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common medium faint gray (10YR

5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine

prominent reddish gray (5YR 5/2) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bg3—33 to 43 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on faces

of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine prominent reddish

gray (5YR 5/2) iron and manganese concretions in

the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—43 to 53 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; common medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium white

(10YR 8/1) accumulations of calcium carbonate in

the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg1—53 to 73 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2),

stratified fine sandy loam and loamy fine sand;

massive; very friable; strata of silt loam; common

coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg2—73 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy sand; single grain; loose; common coarse

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses in

which iron has accumulated; 3 percent pebbles;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 54 inches

Depth to bedrock: more than 80 inches; 40 to

60 inches to shale in the bedrock substratum

phase

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2
Erie County, Ohio 131

Texture—loam, silt loam

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay

loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy

loam

BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma

of 1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay

loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam

Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma

of 1 or 2

Texture—silt loam; fine sandy loam; loamy fine

sand; very fine sand; fine sand; strata of silty

clay loam, loam, loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Condit Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Parent material: Till

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Cardington

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Typic

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 3 miles

southwest of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township; about

5,810 feet south of the intersection of Andresse Road

(Township Road 136) and State Route 113 along

Andresse Road, then 700 feet east; quadrangle 1; T. 5

N., R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; 2 percent

rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BEg—10 to 14 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

few fine and very fine roots; common faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) coatings on faces of

peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—14 to 23 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; many faint gray (10YR 5/1)

clay films on faces of peds; common distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments;

very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—23 to 35 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common faint gray (10YR

5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of peds; common medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

BCtg—35 to 45 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very firm; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Cg—45 to 71 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

massive; very firm; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C—71 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; massive; very firm; common medium

distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses

that have accumulated iron and manganese and

are in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 35 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 35 to 55 inches
132 Soil Survey

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

BEg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 or 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, subhorizons of

silty clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Conotton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Parent material: Beach deposits

Landform: Beach ridges

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Jimtown, Millgrove, Mitiwanga

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed,

active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Conotton loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about 3 miles

northeast of Berlin Heights, in Florence Township;

about 1,050 feet east of the intersection of Mason

Road (County Road 13) and Burrows Road (Township

Road 79), along Burrows Road, then 135 feet north;

quadrangle 3; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown

(10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine

roots; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

BE—9 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine

roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) organic coatings and common faint pale

brown (10YR 6/3) coatings on faces of peds;

25 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—11 to 17 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine

roots; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films

on faces of peds; 25 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—17 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely

gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium and

coarse granular structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films

on faces of peds and as clay bridging sand grains

and rock fragments; 70 percent gravel and

10 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt3—30 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam; weak medium and coarse

granular structure; very friable; few very fine roots;

common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds and as clay bridging sand grains

and rock fragments; 15 percent gravel and

10 percent cobbles; slightly acid; clear irregular

boundary.

BC—39 to 57 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very

gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak medium

and coarse granular structure; very friable;

few very fine roots; 40 percent pebbles and

15 percent cobbles; slightly acid; clear irregular

boundary.

C—57 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loamy coarse sand; single grain; loose;

40 percent pebbles and 10 percent cobbles;

slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 80 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—loam, gravelly loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—gravelly loam, gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—10 to 35 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6
Erie County, Ohio 133

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of loam, sandy loam, coarse

sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—25 to 80 percent

BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of

sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy coarse

sand

Content of rock fragments—20 to 60 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely

gravelly analogs of loamy coarse sand, coarse

sand, loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—15 to 65 percent

Dekalb Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 2 to 70 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Wakeman, Mitiwanga

Taxonomic classification: Loamy-skeletal, siliceous,

subactive, mesic Typic Dystrochrepts

Typical Pedon

Dekalb channery loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about

2 miles east of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township;

about 550 feet west of the intersection of State

Route 113 and Cable Road (Township Road 59),

along State Route 113, then about 875 feet north;

quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

channery loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak fine and medium granular structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots;

30 percent sandstone fragments; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—9 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

channery loam; weak medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds and in pores;

55 percent sandstone fragments; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—16 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very channery sandy loam; weak fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds and in

pores; 55 percent sandstone fragments; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

R—30 to 32 inches; fractured, unweathered sandstone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to sandstone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—channery loam, very channery loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6,

chroma of 4 to 8

Texture—the channery or very channery analogs

of loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 60 percent

Del Rey Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Milford, Saylesville, Shinrock

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 2 miles

northeast of Milan, in Milan Township; about 1,500 feet

south of the intersection of Mason Road (County

Road 13) and River Road (County Road 126), along

River Road, then 60 feet west; quadrangle 2; T. 5 N.,

R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak fine

and very fine granular structure; friable; common

very fine and fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.
134 Soil Survey

BE—11 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam;

moderate medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots; many

faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces

of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine faint light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; strong coarse angular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—22 to 33 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; moderate coarse and medium angular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; moderately

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—33 to 46 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; many medium distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—46 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 48 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 1

to 3

Texture—silt loam

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 8

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Dunbridge Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Parent material: Sandy and loamy drift overlying

limestone or dolostone bedrock

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Castalia, Rawson, Ritchey

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Dunbridge loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles southeast of Castalia, in Margaretta Township;

about 950 feet south and 1,700 feet east of the

intersection of Miller Road (Township Road 26) and

Maple Avenue (Township Road 103); quadrangle 1;

T. 6 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loamy sand,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; very friable; many fine and

medium roots; 2 percent rock fragments; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—9 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy

sand; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine and very fine roots;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic

coatings in root channels; 2 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear irregular boundary.

Bt1—13 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots;

common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
Erie County, Ohio 135

clay films and coatings on faces of peds; 7 percent

rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—19 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots;

many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay

films and coatings on faces of peds; 10 percent

rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2BC—23 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) very gravelly loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine

roots; 40 percent rock fragments (dominantly

limestone with a few igneous pebbles); strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

3R—29 to 31 inches; unweathered limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 to 3

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy sand, sandy

loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, the gravelly

analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 35 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 4 to

6; chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy clay

loam, clay loam, the gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 35 percent

2BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of

loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—15 to 40 percent

Elliott Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow or slow in the

substratum

Parent material: Till overlying limestone

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

toeslopes near depressions

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Cardington, Milton, Rawson

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon

Elliott silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent

slopes; about 3 miles southwest of Parkertown, in

Groton Township; about 800 feet south of the

intersection of State Route 269 and Knauss Road

(Township Road 96), along State Route 269, then

395 feet west; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots; 2 percent

rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BE—11 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

moderate fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings and common faint pale brown (10YR 6/3)

coatings on faces of peds; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; many medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

iron and manganese concretions in the matrix;

5 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—22 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine

roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films and coatings on faces of peds; many medium

distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron
136 Soil Survey

and are in the matrix; few fine distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; 5 percent rock

fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—31 to 41 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; few distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and coatings

on faces of peds; many medium distinct gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

iron and manganese concretions in the matrix;

5 percent rock fragments; moderately acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

BC—41 to 49 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few

faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; common medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common fine distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; 10 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C—49 to 65 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

massive; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

coatings on faces of vertical partings; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/1) coatings of calcium

carbonate on faces of vertical partings; common

medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; few medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2R—65 to 67 inches; unweathered limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 50 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 60 to 80 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

BE or BEg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, clay loam, clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Ellsworth Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow in the substratum

Parent material: Till

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Amanda, Dekalb, Mahoning, Rawson

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Ellsworth silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about

2 miles southeast of Birmingham, in Florence

Township; about 4,875 feet south of the intersection of

Garfield Road (Township Road 18) and Green Road

(Township Road 2), along Green Road, then about

500 feet west; quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium granular

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

5 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt1—8 to 14 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; common prominent

brown (10YR 5/3) clay films and coatings on faces

of peds; few medium prominent grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses that
Erie County, Ohio 137

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine and very fine roots;

common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) coatings on faces of peds; few distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of peds; few medium distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few medium distinct black (10YR

2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

BCt—21 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; common faint brown (10YR

4/3) clay films and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coatings on faces of peds; few medium faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) masses

that have accumulated calcium carbonate and are

in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

C1—30 to 49 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

massive; firm; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common distinct light

gray (10YR 7/2) masses that have accumulated

calcium carbonate and are in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—49 to 68 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

massive; firm; common medium distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many

medium prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

masses that have accumulated calcium carbonate

and are in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C3—68 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; massive; firm; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) masses that

have accumulated calcium carbonate and are in

the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 28 to 46 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

BCt or BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Elnora Series

Depth class: Very deep and deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid; rapid or moderately rapid in the

substratum in the bedrock substratum phase

Parent material: Sandy lacustrine deposits; sandy

lacustrine deposits overlying shale in the bedrock

substratum phase

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 4 percent

Adjacent soils: Gilford, Plumbrook, Spinks, Tuscola

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, mesic Aquic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Elnora loamy fine sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes; about

2 miles northeast of Milan, in Milan Township; about

5,200 feet northeast of the intersection of Jeffries

Road (County Road 128) and Diehl Road (Township

Road 190), along Jeffries Road, then 1,900 feet south;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; few
138 Soil Survey

very fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw1—10 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; few

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few medium prominent black (10YR 2/1)

iron and manganese concretions in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—19 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; common

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in

the matrix; common coarse distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; moderately acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Cg1—31 to 42 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; few very fine

roots; common coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) and

many coarse distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg2—42 to 50 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loamy fine

sand: single grain; loose; strata of fine sandy loam;

common coarse distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and many coarse prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Cg3—50 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; many coarse

faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 52 inches

Depth to bedrock: Dominantly more than 80 inches;

40 to 60 inches to shale in the bedrock substratum

phase

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—loamy fine sand

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to

6; chroma of 3 to 8

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 1 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 5YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 3

to 6; chroma of 0 to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand; channery or

very channery fine sandy loam in the bedrock

substratum phase

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent;

0 to 50 percent in the bedrock substratum

phase

Fox Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the solum and rapid or very

rapid in the substratum

Parent material: Beach deposits

Landform: Beach ridges on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 2 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Dunbridge, Elnora, Spinks

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy over sandy or

sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Hapludalfs (fig. 14)

Typical Pedon

Fox loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about 3 miles south of

Castalia, in Margaretta Township; about 100 feet north

of the intersection of State Route 269 and Mason

Road (County Road 13), along State Route 269, then

1,500 feet west; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

and medium granular structure; friable; many fine

and very fine roots; 5 percent rock fragments;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BE—5 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine and very fine roots; many faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings; few

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—11 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular
Erie County, Ohio 139

blocky structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds and bridging sand grains;

5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—18 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of

peds; 10 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt3—22 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam;

strong fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; 10 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear

irregular boundary.

2BC—28 to 32 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) very

gravelly sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; 50 percent

rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C1—32 to 61 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; few very

fine roots; 40 percent pebbles and 20 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual irregular boundary.

2C2—61 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) stratified

very gravelly sand and very cobbly sand; single

grain; loose; 45 percent pebbles and 35 percent

cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3, chroma of 2;

hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 2 or 3 in

cultivated pedons

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 3 to

5; chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, the gravelly analogs of

those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent

2BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, the

gravelly or very gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 50 percent

2C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—the gravelly, very gravelly, and extremely

gravelly and the cobbly, very cobbly, and

Figure 14.—A profile of Fox loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes. Note

the tonguing of Bt material into the underlying sand and

gravel.
140 Soil Survey

extremely cobbly analogs of sand or coarse

sand

Content of rock fragments—20 to 80 percent

Fries Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Allis, Milford, Pewamo,

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Typic

Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Fries silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; 0.7 mile

east of Bogart, in Huron Township; 1,320 feet east of

the intersection of Galloway Road and Bogart Road,

then 500 feet north of Bogart Road, at the edge of a

golf course.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; firm; many fine roots; 1 percent

rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

AB—10 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; very firm; common

fine roots; common fine faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 1 percent rock fragments;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—14 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay;

moderate medium angular blocky structure; very

firm; few fine roots; many distinct dark gray (10YR

4/1) coatings on faces of peds; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BC—23 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure;

very firm; few fine roots; many prominent gray

(10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of peds; many

coarse prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent rock

fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cr—28 to 30 inches; gray (5Y 5/1), thin-bedded,

weathered shale that can be dug with difficulty

with a spade; many coarse prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) masses in which iron has

accumulated.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to shale bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap and AB horizons:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

2 or 3; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y or is neutral;

value of 4 or 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BC or Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

to 8

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Fulton Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow in the substratum

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises, flat areas

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Toledo, Sandusky, Shinrock

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Fulton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

1 mile east of Whites Landing, in Margaretta Annex;

about 1,000 feet north and 10 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 6 N., R. 17 E.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty

clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak fine granular; firm; common fine

roots; mixed areas of dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) Bt1 material in the lower part; neutral; abrupt

wavy boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 141

Bt1—9 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; very firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—16 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and coatings

on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—29 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coatings on

faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common fine distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; slightly

effervescent in the lower part; slightly alkaline;

clear wavy boundary.

BC—36 to 47 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

silty clay; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

coatings on faces of vertical partings; many

medium prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions

in the matrix; many coarse distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few light gray (10YR

7/2) masses that have accumulated calcium

carbonate and are in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—47 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

silty clay; massive; firm; many medium prominent

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay, clay

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay, clay

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silty clay, clay, silty clay loam

Gilford Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid in the lower part of the solum and

in the substratum

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, drainageways,

depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Elnora, Plumbrook

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Gilford fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about

1 mile south of Avery, in Milan Township; about

1,250 feet west of the intersection of Strecker Road

(County Road 15) and U.S. Route 250 along Strecker

Road, then about 2,470 feet south; quadrangle 4;

T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium and fine

granular structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

A—9 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak medium and fine granular structure; friable;

few fine and very fine roots; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bg1—12 to 21 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky
142 Soil Survey

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots;

common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) coatings and

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few faint

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—21 to 32 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1)

coatings on faces of peds; few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) krotovinas; few fine distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions in

the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—32 to 44 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; many

coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

krotovinas; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese concretions in the matrix; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—44 to 58 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) loamy fine sand; single grain; loose;

common medium distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; common medium

prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—58 to 70 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loamy

fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg3—70 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand;

single grain; loose; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 44 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 3

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, sand,

coarse sand, fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Harrod Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Alluvium overlying limestone

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Holly, Orrville

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Harrod silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently

flooded; about 0.5 mile east of Westminster, in

Auglaize Township, Allen County, Ohio; about

1,440 feet north and 1,550 feet east of the southwest

corner of sec. 17, T. 4 S., R. 8 E.

A—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

and very fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

many fine and very fine and common medium

roots; few very fine white (10YR 8/1) soft masses

of calcium carbonate; very slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—11 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common medium, fine,

and very fine roots; common faint very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; very few fine prominent reddish

brown (5YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated
Erie County, Ohio 143

iron and manganese and are throughout the

horizon; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—14 to 19 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common

fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds; very few fine

distinct black (10YR 2/1) masses that have

accumulated iron and manganese and are

throughout the horizon; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bw3—19 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and few prominent reddish brown (5YR 4/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions on

faces of peds; very few fine distinct black (10YR

2/1) masses that have accumulated iron and

manganese and are throughout the horizon;

4 percent limestone fragments; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg—27 to 31 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy clay loam;

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; very few fine distinct brown

(7.5YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and are throughout the horizon; 2 percent angular

limestone channers; 9 percent subangular

limestone fragments; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2R—31 inches; unweathered limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics:

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 7 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—silt loam or loam in the upper part; sandy

loam ranging to clay loam in the lower part

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent in the

upper part and 0 to 15 percent in the lower part

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments— 0 to 15 percent

Haskins Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy material and slow

or very slow in the underlying material

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying till

or lacustrine deposits

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Slight rises, flat areas,

footslopes

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Condit

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Haskins loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 2 miles

south of Florence, in Florence Township; about

600 feet south and 2,100 feet east of the intersection

of Florence-Wakeman Road (County Road 61) and

Burr Road (Township Road 60); quadrangle 4; T. 5 N.,

R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; friable; many fine and

very fine roots; 2 percent rock fragments; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—10 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on

faces of peds; common medium distinct brown

(10YR 5/3) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent rock

fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg—14 to 22 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; many faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of peds; common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common fine
144 Soil Survey

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

5 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt—22 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; few distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coatings on faces of peds; common medium

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

2 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

2C1—32 to 52 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

massive; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

coatings on faces of vertical partings; few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate coatings

on faces of vertical partings; common coarse faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C2—52 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; massive; very firm; few distinct gray

(10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of vertical partings;

5 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 40 inches

Depth to the 2B or 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BE or BEg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, the

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 20 percent

2B horizon (if it occurs):

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Holly Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained and poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow in the

solum and moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum

Parent material: Alluvium

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

abandoned stream meanders

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Cardington, Nolin, Orrville

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

nonacid, mesic Typic Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon

Holly silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded; about 1 mile south of Florence, in Florence

Township; about 1,125 feet north and 300 feet east of

the intersection of Florence-Wakeman Road (County

Road 61) and Harmon Road (Township Road 19);

quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

A—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

medium granular structure; friable; many medium

and coarse roots; common prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) iron and manganese stains on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg1—8 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

common medium and fine roots; common faint

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds; common prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) iron and manganese stains on faces

of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—15 to 22 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common medium and fine roots; many faint
Erie County, Ohio 145

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of

peds; few prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

iron and manganese concretions in the matrix;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg3—22 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and very fine roots; common faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of

peds; common prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6)

iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

common medium distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few fine faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—30 to 47 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam;

massive; friable; few very fine roots; common fine

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; moderately

acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—47 to 56 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy

loam; massive; friable; few very fine roots;

common medium prominent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3)

iron and manganese concretions in the matrix;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C'g—56 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

sandy loam; massive; friable; few very fine roots in

the upper part; few fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; strongly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 44 inches

A or Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR or is neutral; value

of 4 to 6; chroma of 0 to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, the gravelly

analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

Hornell Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

shale

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Allis, Fries

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, acid, mesic

Aeric Endoaquepts

Typical Pedon

Hornell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles south of Bloomingville, in Oxford Township;

about 750 feet south of the intersection of Wood Road

(Township Road 30) and Patten Tract Road (County

Road 43), along Patten Tract Road, then 1,150 feet

west; quadrangle 3; T. 5 N., R. 23 W.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium and fine granular structure;

friable; many medium and fine roots; 3 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bw—12 to 19 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine and very fine

roots; common faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

coatings on faces of peds; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium faint

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments (mostly

shale); very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—19 to 24 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

channery silty clay loam; weak medium platy

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots;

common faint gray (10YR 6/1) coatings on faces

of peds; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common medium faint gray

(10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

15 percent rock fragments and 40 percent soft,
146 Soil Survey

weathered shale fragments; very strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Cr—24 to 28 inches; weathered shale.

2R—28 to 30 inches; thin-bedded shale bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 17 to 40 inches

Depth to shale bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bg or Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 8

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, clay, the

channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 35 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, the channery or

very channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 35 percent

C or Cg horizon (if it occurs):

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, the channery or

very channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—10 to 60 percent

Jimtown Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part of the

subsoil and moderately rapid in the substratum

Parent material: Loamy deposits

Landform: Stream terraces, beach ridges, lake

plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, footslopes

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Haskins, Millgrove

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Jimtown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 2 miles

east of Berlin Heights, in Florence Township; about

2,435 feet east of the intersection of Main Road

(County Road 17) and Wright Road (Township

Road 130), along Main Road, then about 690 feet

south; quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown

(10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium and fine granular

structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots;

5 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

BE—9 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; common faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) coatings on faces of peds; few distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) organic coats on faces of peds; few

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; many medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg—14 to 27 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay

bridging; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; many coarse

prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BCt—27 to 51 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; pockets of loam; few very fine

roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridging

sand grains and gravel; common distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

20 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

Cg1—51 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

stratified loam, gravelly loam, and coarse sandy

loam; massive; friable; common medium faint

brown (10YR 4/3) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few medium faint gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments in the loam and coarse sandy

loam strata and 25 percent rock fragments in the

gravelly loam; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg2—65 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coarse sandy loam; massive; very friable; common
Erie County, Ohio 147

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 51 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 1

to 3

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, the

gravelly or very gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 30 percent in the

upper part and 15 to 50 percent in the lower

part

BCt or BCtg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, the

gravelly or very gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, the

gravelly or very gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 60 percent

Joliet Series

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Loamy drift overlying limestone

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Castalia, Marblehead, Millsdale,

Ritchey

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Lithic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Joliet silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 2 miles

southeast of Parkertown, in Groton Township; about

1,600 feet east of the intersection of Strecker Road

(County Road 15) and State Route 4 along Strecker

Road, then 80 feet south; quadrangle 1; T. 5 N.,

R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate

medium and fine granular structure; friable; many

fine and very fine roots; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 2 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—8 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable;

common very fine roots; common distinct black

(10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

2 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2R—14 to 16 inches; fractured unweathered limestone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 12 inches

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 3

to 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Kibbie Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Stratified loamy and silty glaciofluvial

deposits

Landform: Lake plains and deltas

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas and

slight rises

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Bixler, Colwood, Tuscola
148 Soil Survey

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

3 miles northwest of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township;

about 1,000 feet east and 2,600 feet north of the

intersection of Wikel Road (Township Road 127) and

Mason Road (County Road 13), quadrangle 4; T. 5 N.,

R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—9 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

many distinct grayish grown (10YR 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common medium distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

krotovinas; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—19 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; pockets of fine sandy

loam; few fine and very fine roots; many distinct

grayish grown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and

common coarse distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron

depletions in the matrix; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) krotovinas; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt3—26 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure parting to weak medium platy; friable;

few fine and very fine roots; common distinct

grayish grown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; many medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; common coarse light gray

(10YR 5/1) masses that have accumulated

calcium carbonate and are in the matrix; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

BCg—33 to 42 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2),

stratified silt loam and silty clay loam; weak coarse

platy structure; friable; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and brown

(7.5YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common coarse light gray

(10YR 7/1) masses that have accumulated

calcium carbonate and are in the matrix; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—42 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam stratified with fine sandy loam; massive;

friable; common coarse distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common medium faint gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 48 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, silt loam

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, fine

sandy loam, loamy fine sand, fine sand

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, loamy

fine sand, fine sand

The Kibbie soils in this county are wetter than is

defined as the range for the series. They have

redoximorphic features of 2 or less on more than

50 percent of the ped faces. They classify as fineloamy, mixed, active, mesic Udollic Endoaqualfs. This

difference, however, does not significantly affect the

use and management of the soils.

Mahoning Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Parent material: Till

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent
Erie County, Ohio 149

Adjacent soils: Condit, Ellsworth, Miner

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Mahoning silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles south of Birmingham, in Florence Township;

about 500 feet west of the intersection of Denman

Road (Township Road 65) and Green Road (Township

Road 2), along Denman Road, then 700 feet north;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; few

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; 2 percent rock fragments;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

BE—9 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and medium roots; many

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay

depletions on faces of peds; few prominent black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—11 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm;

common fine and medium and few coarse roots;

many distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR

2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—20 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm;

few fine and medium roots; common distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

coatings on faces of peds; few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

2 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt3—29 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm;

few fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of

peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 10 percent rock

fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C—40 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few white (10YR 8/1) masses that have

accumulated calcium carbonate and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 28 to 44 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

Marblehead Series

Depth class: Very shallow

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Loamy deposits overlying limestone

or dolostone

Landform: Reefs on lake plains
150 Soil Survey

Position on the landform: Rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Castalia, Joliet, Ritchey

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Lithic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Marblehead loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes; about 2 miles

east of Castalia, in Margaretta Township; from the

intersection of State Routes 101 and 412 with

Bradshar Road, about 1,500 feet southwest along

State Routes 101 and 412, then 300 feet north; T. 6 N.,

R. 24 W.

A1—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium and fine

granular structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; 2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

A2—6 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

gravelly loam; weak medium and fine granular

structure; friable; few very fine roots; 20 percent

rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2R—8 to 10 inches; limestone bedrock; widely spaced

vertical fractures typically at intervals of 30 to

40 feet.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 4 to 10 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 4 to 10 inches

A horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam, the

gravelly or channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

Mermill Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy material and slow

or very slow in the underlying material

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying till

or lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions, drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Haskins, Jimtown,

Millgrove and Pewamo

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Mermill silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about

3 miles southwest of Huron, in Huron Township;

about 2,000 feet west and 1,100 feet north of the

intersection of Fox Road (Township Road 11) and

Camp Road (Township Road 121); quadrangle 4; T. 6

N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium and fine

granular structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BEg—10 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings and

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 3 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—13 to 19 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common

medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 3 percent

rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—19 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loam; moderate coarse and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 3 percent rock

fragments; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Btg3—24 to 33 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common faint gray (10YR

5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common

prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/3) and common

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; many medium prominent

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;
Erie County, Ohio 151

2 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

2BCg—33 to 41 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure; firm;

common faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on vertical

faces; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium

carbonate coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3) and common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cg1—41 to 62 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) silty clay; massive; firm; few distinct light gray

(10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate coatings on faces

of peds; common coarse distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; common coarse faint gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent

rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg2—62 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; massive; firm; common coarse faint gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common

coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 14 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 48 inches

Depth to 2B or 2C horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BEg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2Btg and 2BCg horizons:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay,

clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

The Mermill soils in this county have a thicker

surface layer than is defined as the range for the

series. They classify as fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Argiaquolls. This difference, however,

does not significantly affect the use and management

of the soils.

Milford Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Poorly drained and very poorly

drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Del Rey, Shinrock, Toledo

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about

1 mile northwest of Huron, in Huron Township; about

2,300 feet south of the intersection of Laurel Road and

U.S. Route 6 along Laurel Road, then 700 feet east;

quadrangle 2; T. 6 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; few very fine roots; slightly acid;

abrupt wavy boundary.

Bg1—10 to 14 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings and many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

coatings on faces of peds; few medium distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of peds; many medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.
152 Soil Survey

Bg2—14 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate medium and coarse angular blocky;

firm; few very fine roots; few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings and common faint

gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of peds;

common medium distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

and few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg3—26 to 35 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium and coarse angular

blocky; firm; few very fine roots; common faint gray

(10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; slightly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

BCg—35 to 54 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm;

common faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces

of peds; common medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—54 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; strata of silt loam; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 15 inches

Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or is neutral; value of 2 or 3;

chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, clay loam

BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam; clay loam; strata of silt

loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam

Millgrove Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

substratum

Parent material: Beach deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Drainageways, depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Jimtown, Mermill, Oshtemo

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Millgrove loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 2 miles

northeast of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township; about

750 feet north and 2,050 feet west of the intersection

of Thorpe Road (Township Road 86) and Frailey Road

(Township Road 137); quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots;

2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—8 to 13 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

common fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt

wavy boundary.

BA—13 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; many faint very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; few medium distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) and few fine

prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—18 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; many faint
Erie County, Ohio 153

gray (10YR 5/1) clay films and common faint dark

gray (10YR 4/1) coatings on faces of peds; few

medium distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas;

2 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg2—27 to 41 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; pockets of loam and sandy loam; few very

fine roots; many faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films

and coatings on faces of peds; few medium

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas;

2 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg1—41 to 58 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; massive;

friable; few very fine roots; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas;

10 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg2—58 to 73 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) gravelly

coarse sandy loam; massive; friable; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 20 percent rock fragments; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

2Cg3—73 to 77 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy

loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Cg4—77 to 80 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) very fine

sandy loam; massive; friable; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of the solum: 28 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 32 to 80 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

BA horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 or 5;

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, the

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma

of 1 to 3

Texture—loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam,

the gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 30 percent

2Cg or 2C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 5, chroma

of 1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, very

fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Millsdale Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits overlying

limestone or dolostone

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Castalia, Joliet, Milton, Pewamo

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, active, mesic

Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Millsdale silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about

2 miles southeast of Parkertown, in Groton Township;

about 2,125 feet west of the intersection of Strecker

Road (County Road 15) and Bemis Road (Township

Road 109), along Strecker Road, then 850 feet south;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.
154 Soil Survey

Btg1—10 to 14 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) coatings on faces of peds; many

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds; few distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 1 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Btg2—14 to 21 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) coatings on faces of peds; few

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

1 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg3—21 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; few faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 2 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—27 to 33 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of

peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 3 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2R—33 to 35 inches; unweathered limestone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Btg or Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y or is neutral;

value of 3 to 6; chroma generally 0 to 2 but

ranges to 4 in the lower part

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay,

clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Milton Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately slow

Parent material: Till and residuum derived from

limestone or dolostone

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Castalia, Millsdale, Ritchey

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, active, mesic

Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Milton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about 3 miles

west of Parkertown, in Groton Township; about

3,250 feet south of the intersection of Portland

Road (County Road 32) and Southwest Road (County

Road 1), along Southwest Road, then 394 feet east;

quadrangle 3; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

medium and fine granular structure; friable; few

fine and very fine roots; 5 percent mixed areas of

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) BE material; 2 percent

rock fragments; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—8 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; common faint brown

(10YR 5/3) clay depletions on faces of peds;

2 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films and
Erie County, Ohio 155

coatings on faces of peds; 2 percent rock

fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt2—15 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay; strong medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; 2 percent limestone

fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt3—24 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films and brown

(10YR 4/3) coatings on faces of peds; 5 percent

limestone fragments; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2R—28 to 30 inches; unweathered limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to limestone or dolostone bedrock: 20 to

40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silt loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

2Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 3 to

5; chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam,

the channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 25 percent

Miner Series

Depth class: Very deep and deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Parent material: Till, mostly derived from shale; till,

mostly derived from shale, overlying shale in the

bedrock substratum phase

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Condit, Hornell

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Mollic

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Miner silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about

3 miles south of Vermilion, in Vermilion Township;

about 4,065 feet east of the intersection of Mason

Road (County Road 13) and State Route 60 along

Mason Road, then 197 feet south; quadrangle 1;

T. 6 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable; few

fine and very fine roots; 2 percent rock fragments;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Btg1—9 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; few faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

organic coats on faces of peds; few faint dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) krotovinas; common fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg2—15 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

krotovinas; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Btg3—20 to 34 inches; gray (N 5/) silty clay loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds;

common prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; few medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and many

fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)
156 Soil Survey

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; slightly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

BC—34 to 53 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on

faces of peds; few medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; many medium distinct

gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—53 to 65 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

loam; massive; firm; common coarse distinct gray

(N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C—65 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) channery clay

loam; massive; firm; many medium faint grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

15 percent rock fragments; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 36 to 60 inches

Depth to bedrock: Dominantly more than 80 inches;

40 to 60 inches to shale in the bedrock substratum

phase

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay

Content of rock fragments—2 to 10 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 or 5; chroma of 0 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, the

channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 20 percent

Mitiwanga Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Till overlying sandstone

Landform: Lake plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, footslopes,

backslopes

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Haskins, Wakeman

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Mitiwanga silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles northwest of Birmingham, in Florence

Township; about 3,560 feet south of the intersection

of Harrison Road (Township Road 145) and Angling

Road (Township Road 144), along Harrison Road,

then 750 feet west; quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots

throughout; 2 percent rock fragments; very

strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

BE—9 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common medium and fine roots

throughout; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic

coats on faces of peds; common distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces

of peds; many medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent

rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—11 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common medium and fine roots

throughout; many distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay

films on faces of peds; common distinct gray

(10YR 5/1) clay depletions on faces of peds;

common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—16 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common fine roots throughout;

many distinct gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces
Erie County, Ohio 157

of peds; common distinct gray (10YR 6/1) clay

depletions on faces of peds; many medium

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; 10 percent rock

fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

2R—25 to 27 inches; unweathered sandstone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to sandstone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, the

channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 30 percent

Nolin Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the subsoil

Parent material: Alluvium

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, areas adjacent to

stream channels

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Holly, Orrville, Saylesville

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, active,

mesic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts

Typical Pedon

Nolin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded; about 3 miles northeast of Milan, in Milan

Township; about 1,750 feet east of the intersection of

Mason Road (County Road 13) and State Route 13,

along Mason Road, then 1,300 feet south;

quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate

medium and fine granular structure; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; many distinct

dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces

of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bw1—10 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine roots; many faint dark brown (10YR

3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bw2—19 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure

parting to moderate medium and fine granular;

friable; few very fine roots; many faint dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw3—29 to 47 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure

parting to weak medium and fine granular; friable;

few very fine roots; common faint dark brown

(10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—47 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

massive; friable; few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; few fine distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—60 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

massive; friable; common medium distinct gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, sandy

loam, the gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent
158 Soil Survey

Oakville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Rapid

Parent material: Sandy deposits

Landform: Dunes and beach ridges on lake

plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Elnora, Gilford

Taxonomic classification: Mixed, mesic Typic

Udipsamments

Typical Pedon

Oakville loamy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes; about

5 miles southeast of Sandusky, in Huron Township;

about 3,500 feet south of the intersection of U.S.

Route 250 and Bogart Road (County Road 10), along

U.S. Route 250, then about 2,250 feet east; T. 6 N.,

R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular

structure; very friable; common very fine and fine

roots; mixed areas of brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

Bw material; moderately acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bw—9 to 26 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loamy

fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—26 to 40 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in

the matrix; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C2—40 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; common

medium prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; moderately

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

C3—60 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; many coarse

prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; moderately

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 18 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 to 8

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Ogontz Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains and deltas

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

knolls, backslopes, shoulders,

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Bixler, Shinrock, Zurich

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed, active,

mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Ogontz fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles southeast of Huron, in Huron Township; about

1,050 feet northwest of the intersection of Berlin Road

(County Road 132) and State Route 2, along Berlin

Road, then 1,125 feet west; T. 6 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak medium and fine granular structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots; neutral;

abrupt wavy boundary.

BE—10 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay depletions

on faces of peds; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine
Erie County, Ohio 159

faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—12 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; moderate medium and fine angular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; many faint

brown (10YR 5/3) clay films and coatings on faces

of peds; common medium faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; few medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; common fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese concretions in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—17 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films and coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; common fine distinct black (10YR 2/1)

iron and manganese concretions in the matrix;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—24 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium and coarse angular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay

films and coatings on faces of peds; many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

BC—30 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

strata of silty clay loam; few very fine roots;

common medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) masses

that have accumulated calcium carbonate and are

in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C1—36 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

massive; friable; strata of silty clay loam; common

medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; common medium prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) accumulations of

calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2—60 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam

stratified with thin layers of very fine sandy loam;

massive; friable; common coarse prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 48 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam, silt loam

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—silt loam, loam

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2

to 6

Texture—silt loam; commonly with strata of silty

clay loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy

loam, loamy fine sand, loamy very fine sand

Olmsted Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid in the

solum

Parent material: Loamy deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, depressions,

drainageways

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Conotton, Miner

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Olmsted loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 1 mile

north of Norton, in Copley Township, Summit County,

Ohio; 1,500 feet north of Wright Avenue, 2,000 feet

south of State Route 162, and 2,100 feet south of

White Pond; T. 2 N., R. 12 W.
160 Soil Survey

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium granular

structure; friable; many fine roots; very strongly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Eg1—8 to 13 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) loam; weak

medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

common fine roots; common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in old root channels;

very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Eg2—13 to 21 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) coarse sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

few fine roots; many fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 5 percent pebbles; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—21 to 29 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) coarse sandy

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common faint gray (5Y 5/1) clay films

coating and bridging sand grains; many medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

5 percent pebbles; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg2—29 to 32 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common faint dark gray (10YR

4/1) clay films bridging and coating sand grains;

common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR

4/8) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BC—32 to 34 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) coarse

sandy loam; massive; firm; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Cg—34 to 41 inches; dark gray (N 4/) gravelly coarse

sandy loam; massive; friable; many medium

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

25 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C—41 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and

brown (7.5YR 4/2) sandy clay loam; massive;

friable; moderately acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Thickness of the solum: 27 to 55 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Eg or BEg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

or 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—loam, coarse sandy loam, sandy

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

or 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—loam, sandy loam, the gravelly analogs

of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, the gravelly analogs

of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma

of 1 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, sand,

the gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 35 percent

Orrville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate or moderately rapid

Parent material: Alluvium overlying sandstone

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Holly, Saylesville, Zurich

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

nonacid, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents

Typical Pedon

Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, occasionally flooded; about 3 miles southwest

of Birmingham, in Florence Township; about 1,150 feet

north of the Huron County line along West Road

(Township Road 62), then 2,700 feet east;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 20 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; common
Erie County, Ohio 161

fine and medium roots; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw—9 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine and very fine roots; many

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common medium faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bg1—14 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine

roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; few

prominent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) and common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2—24 to 37 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on faces of

peds; few prominent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4)

iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

BCg—37 to 41 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam; weak

medium and coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; few fine and very fine roots; many coarse

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—41 to 63 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silt loam;

massive; friable; common coarse distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

C—63 to 69 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

gravelly loam; massive; friable; many medium

prominent brown (7.5YR 4/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; 20 percent rock fragments; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2R—69 to 71 inches; unweathered sandstone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 50 inches

Depth to sandstone bedrock: 60 to 80 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4, chroma of

2

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, chroma

of 1 or 2

Texture—loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, loamy sand,

gravelly loam, gravelly sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

Oshtemo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the solum and very

rapid in the substratum

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits

Landform: Ground moraines and on beach ridges on

lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent slopes

Adjacent soils: Elnora, Jimtown, Millgrove, Rawson

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Oshtemo loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes; about

2 miles southeast of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township;

about 1,850 feet north of the intersection of State

Route 113 and Andress Road (Township Road 136),

along Andress Road, then 385 feet east;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand,

pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; very friable; 10 percent

pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
162 Soil Survey

E—10 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy

sand; weak fine and medium granular structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; few distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

5 percent pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—14 to 20 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly

sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds and on pebbles; 25 percent pebbles;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—20 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly coarse sandy loam; moderate medium

and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds and on pebbles;

30 percent pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt3—28 to 41 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly

coarse sandy loam; weak medium and coarse

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds and on pebbles; 30 percent

pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

C1—41 to 70 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose;

50 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—70 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sand; single

grain; loose; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 75 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 70 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—loamy sand

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

E horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 3

to 6

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy

sand, loamy fine sand, the gravelly analogs of

those textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 30 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, sandy

clay loam, the gravelly analogs of those

textures

Content of rock fragments—1 to 30 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2

to 6

Texture—sand, coarse sand, the gravelly and very

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—10 to 50 percent

Pewamo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Parent material: Till or lacustrine deposits and till

Landform: Lake plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

drainageways, depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Fries, Hornell

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, active, mesic

Typic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon

Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about

1 mile south of Parkertown, in Groton Township; about

950 feet south of the intersection of Billings Road

(Township Road 38) and Strecker Road (County

Road 15), along Billings Road, then 131 feet west;

quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—12 to 16 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) coatings on faces of

peds; common faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few faint black (10YR 2/1) krotovinas;

2 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Bg2—16 to 23 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine roots; common faint gray (10YR 5/1)

coatings on faces of peds; few distinct very dark
Erie County, Ohio 163

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common medium and fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few faint

black (10YR 2/1) krotovinas; 1 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg3—23 to 33 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine roots; few faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings

on faces of peds; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few faint

black (10YR 2/1) krotovinas; 1 percent rock

fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BCg—33 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine roots; few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

coatings on vertical faces of peds; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few light gray (10YR 7/1)

masses that have accumulated calcium carbonate

and are in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

Cg1—48 to 72 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; few very fine and fine roots; few

faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on vertical

faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium

distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; few light gray (10YR 7/1) masses that have

accumulated calcium carbonate and are in the

matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cg2—72 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; common medium distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

light gray (10YR 7/1) masses that have

accumulated calcium carbonate and are in the

matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 17 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Depth to carbonates: 28 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Bg or Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay, clay, clay loam, silty clay

loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

BCg or BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 15 percent

The Pewamo soils in Erie County do not have the

argillic horizon that is definitive for the series. They

classify as fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic

Endoaquolls. This difference, however, does not

significantly affect the use and management of the

soils.

Plumbrook Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the loamy and sandy

material and moderately slow in the finer textured

material

Parent material: Loamy and sandy deposits overlying

finer textured lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains and deltas

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight

depressions

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Colwood, Elnora, Gilford, Tuscola

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

Typical Pedon

Plumbrook fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes;

about 2 miles northeast of Avery, in Huron Township;

1,200 feet north of the intersection of U.S. Route 250

and Shied Road (Township Road 12), along U.S.

Route 250, then 485 feet west; quadrangle 4; T. 6 N.,

R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and medium
164 Soil Survey

granular structure; friable; few fine and very fine

roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bg—11 to 19 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

very fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine

roots; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings and common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1)

clay depletions on faces of peds; few medium

distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few fine

faint black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw—19 to 29 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) fine

sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots;

common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay depletions

on faces of peds; many medium distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and common medium

distinct brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the

matrix; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese concretions in the matrix; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—29 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

loamy fine sand; single grain; loose; many coarse

distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—40 to 65 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sand; single grain; loose; common coarse

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

coarse faint gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

wavy boundary.

2Cg3—65 to 80 inches; gray (N 5/) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; strongly effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 14 inches

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 45 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 48 inches

Depth to the 2Cg horizon: 60 to 80 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1

or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 2 percent

Bg or Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 1

to 4

Texture—fine sandy loam; very fine sandy loam;

loam; thin subhorizons of sandy loam, silty clay

loam, loamy fine sand

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

4 to 6; chroma of 0 to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand; fine sand; thin

subhorizons of sand, loamy sand, fine sandy

loam, sandy loam

2Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

or 5; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Randolph Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Parent material: Till overlying limestone or dolostone

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises

Slope: 0 to 2 percent slopes

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Milton, Pewamo

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, active, mesic

Aeric Endoaqualfs

Typical Pedon

Randolph silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

2 miles south of Castalia, in Margaretta Township;

about 2,900 feet east and 1,700 feet south of the

intersection of Parker Road (Township Road 27) and

Deyo Toad (Township Road 102); quadrangle 4;

T. 6 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak

medium and fine granular structure; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; 3 percent rock

fragments; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt—10 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; many medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; many medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; 3 percent rock fragments;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 165

Btg—16 to 23 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; common medium faint

brown (10YR 4/3) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium faint

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

BCg1—23 to 29 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint

gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of peds; few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate

coatings on faces of peds; common medium

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

BCg2—29 to 37 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine roots; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/1)

calcium carbonate coatings on faces of peds;

common medium distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and few medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses in which iron has

accumulated; 10 percent rock fragments, of which

most are limestone; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2R—37 to 39 inches; unweathered limestone bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to limestone or dolostone bedrock: 20 to

40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay,

clay

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent in the

upper part and 2 to 15 percent in the lower

part

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Rawson Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the loamy material and slow

or very slow in the till or lacustrine deposits

Parent material: Loamy deposits and the underlying till

or lacustrine deposits

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, knolls, rises,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Cardington, Haskins

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Rawson sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about

3 miles northeast of Bellevue, in Groton Township;

about 1,460 feet east of the intersection of Potter Road

(Township Road 98) and State Route 269, along Potter

Road, then 265 feet south; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 24

W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine

and very fine roots; 4 percent rock fragments;

strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—10 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

coatings and few distinct dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) organic coatings on faces of peds;

4 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—12 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots;

many faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay

films and few faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

coatings on faces of peds; common distinct black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of

peds; common fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese concretions in the matrix;
166 Soil Survey

5 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—22 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and

common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) coatings on

faces of peds; common distinct black (10YR 2/1)

iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; 5 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

2Bt3—30 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct grayish

brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and coatings on faces

of peds; common distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium and fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese concretions in the matrix; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; common medium faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent

rock fragments; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2BC—39 to 51 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

weak coarse platy structure; firm; few distinct

black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese stains on

faces of plates; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; 4 percent rock fragments; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

2C—51 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; common medium distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium

distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; 4 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 51 inches

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 51 inches

Depth to the 2B horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, the

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—2 to 30 percent

2Bt, 2Btg, 2BCg, and 2BC horizons:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

to 6

Texture—clay, silty clay, clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

2C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 10 percent

Rimer Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Rapid in the sandy material and slow or

very slow in the underlying till

Parent material: Sandy deposits and the underlying till

Landform: Lake plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Flat areas, slight rises,

summits

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Bennington, Haskins, Mermill

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aquic Arenic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Rimer loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

1 mile southeast of Berlinville, in Berlin Township;

about 2,300 feet east of the intersection of Tennant

Road (Township Road 88) and Collins Road (Township

Road 57), along Tennant Road, then 1,400 feet south;

quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.
Erie County, Ohio 167

Ap—0 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

common very fine roots; mixed areas of brown

(10YR 5/3) E1 material; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E1—11 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine

sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; common distinct

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings

on faces of peds; common prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) iron and manganese stains on faces

of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

E2—15 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine

sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

very friable; few very fine roots; common

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

coarse faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; few coarse distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg—25 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few very fine roots; brown

(7.5YR 4/4) clay bridging between sand grains;

common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; common prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/6) and common distinct black (10YR

2/1) iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

common coarse prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) and

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bt—30 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; many medium distinct

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; common fine distinct black (10YR

2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; 3 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

2BC—39 to 45 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm;

many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings

and few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium

carbonate coatings on faces of peds; many

medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; many medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

fine distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions; 3 percent rock fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2C—45 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

massive; firm; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2)

calcium carbonate coatings on faces of partings;

common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; few medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; 3 percent

rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Combined thickness of the A and E horizons: 20 to

32 inches

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 45 inches

Depth to the 2B horizon: 25 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

E or Eg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 3 percent

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, silty clay, clay

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 8 percent
168 Soil Survey

Ritchey Series

Depth class: Shallow

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Parent material: Till overlying limestone

Landform: Reefs on lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas, knolls,

backslopes, shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Castalia, Milton

Taxonomic classification: Loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Lithic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Ritchey loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about 3 miles

southwest of Parkertown, in Groton Township; about

4,725 feet south of the intersection of Southwest

Road (County Road 1) and Strecker Road (County

Road 15), along Southwest Road, then 700 feet east;

quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam, pale brown

(10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium and fine granular

structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots;

1 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt—8 to 14 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay

loam; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

common faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds;

5 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2R—14 to 16 inches; unweathered limestone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to limestone bedrock: 10 to 20 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 4 to

6; chroma of 3 to 5

Texture—clay loam; loam; silty clay loam; silt loam;

thin subhorizons of silty clay or clay directly

above the bedrock in some pedons

Content of rock fragments—1 to 10 percent

Sandusky Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid in the material

weathered from tufa and slow or moderately slow

in the lacustrine material

Parent material: Calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine

deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas near spring

orifices

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Toledo, Weyers

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, carbonatic,

mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Sandusky loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 2 miles

north of Castalia, in Margaretta Township; about

2,600 feet south of the intersection of U.S. Route 6

and State Route 269 (north toward Bay View), then

about 220 feet east; quadrangle 3; T. 6 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; 5 percent tufa fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg—11 to 22 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

very gravelly coarse sandy loam; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

and very fine roots; thin discontinuous layer of

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

matter; 45 percent tufa fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

C—22 to 27 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) coarse

sandy loam; moderate medium and fine granular

structure; friable; common medium faint light gray

(10YR 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few shell

fragments; 3 percent tufa fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

2Cg1—27 to 29 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common medium faint pale brown

(10YR 6/3) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few shell fragments; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Cg2—29 to 64 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; strata of silty clay; many medium
Erie County, Ohio 169

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix; few

medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron

concretions in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C—64 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; massive; firm; many medium

distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; common medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 7 to 15 inches

Depth to the 2C or 2Cg horizon: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

2 or 3; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—loam

Content of tufa fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 8;

chroma of 1 to 3

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam,

coarse sandy loam, the gravelly or very gravelly

analogs of those textures

Content of tufa fragments—0 to 50 percent but

averages less than 35 percent

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y; value of 4 to 6;

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam; strata of silt loam, silty

clay

Saylesville Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Slope: 25 to 40 percent

Adjacent soils: Shinrock, Holly, Nolin

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Typic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Saylesville silt loam, 25 to 40 percent slopes; about

4 miles northeast of Milan, in Milan Township; about

1,200 feet northeast of the intersection of Mason Road

(County Road 13) and River Road (County Road 126),

along River Road, then 450 feet east; quadrangle 2;

T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

A—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) unrubbed; moderate

medium and fine granular structure; friable; many

coarse and medium roots; neutral; abrupt wavy

boundary.

E—6 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common coarse and medium roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

BE—9 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common coarse and medium

roots; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3)

coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; strong medium angular blocky structure;

firm; few medium and fine roots; many faint dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—24 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure;

firm; few medium and fine roots; many faint dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BC—36 to 40 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

firm; few medium and fine roots; common faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films and

common faint brown (10YR 4/3) coatings on faces

of peds; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium

carbonate coatings on vertical faces; common

medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) and few medium

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses

that have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—40 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; massive; friable; strata of silt loam; few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate

coatings on vertical partings; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2)
170 Soil Survey

iron depletions in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—72 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam;

massive; friable; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 1

to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—silt loam, loam, silty clay loam

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, clay

BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam; silt loam; thin layers

of fine sandy loam or fine sand in some

pedons

Shinrock Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow in the solum

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 2 to 18 percent

Adjacent soils: Del Rey, Milford, Saylesville

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Shinrock silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about 3 miles

north of Milan, in Milan Township; about 2,200 feet

south of the intersection of State Route 13 and Mason

Road (County Road 13), along State Route 13, then

750 feet east; quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common fine roots;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BE—9 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure;

friable; few very fine roots; few faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) coatings on faces of peds;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—14 to 19 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; few distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—19 to 31 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay; moderate medium and coarse angular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films and coatings

on faces of peds; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1)

iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses that have accumulated iron and are

in the matrix; few medium distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—31 to 39 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate coarse angular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films and coatings

on faces of peds; few fine distinct black (10YR 2/1)

iron and manganese stains on faces of peds;

many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

iron depletions in the matrix; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

neutral; clear wavy boundary.

BC—39 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure;

friable; strata of yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine
Erie County, Ohio 171

sandy loam; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2)

coatings on faces of peds; many medium distinct

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

C—44 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam

stratified with gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sandy loam;

massive; friable; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 45 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 45 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

BE horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5, chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 or

5; chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay

BC horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 or

5; chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam; strata of fine sandy loam,

silt loam, loam

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 or

5; chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—silt loam; silty clay loam; thin strata

of silty clay, silt, fine sandy loam, very fine

sand

Spinks Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid

Parent material: Eolian or beach deposits

Landform: Dunes and beach ridges on lake

plains

Position on the landform: Knolls, backslopes,

shoulders, summits

Slope: 0 to 18 percent

Adjacent soils: Dunbridge, Elnora, Gilford,

Ritchey

Taxonomic classification: Sandy, mixed, mesic

Lamellic Hapludalfs (fig. 15)

Typical Pedon

Spinks loamy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes; about

3 miles east of Milan, in Milan Township; about

1,300 feet north of the Huron County line, along

Milliman Road (Township Road 55), then 250 feet

west; quadrangle 1; T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine

sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine

granular structure; very friable; few fine and very

fine roots; mixed areas of yellowish brown (10YR

Figure 15.—Profile of Spinks loamy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent

slopes. Note the thin lamellae.
172 Soil Survey

5/6) E material; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bw—10 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine

sand; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

few fine and very fine roots; moderately acid; clear

wavy boundary.

E and Bt1—15 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR

5/4), loose loamy fine sand (E part); single grain;

few fine and medium roots; lamellae of dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), very friable loamy

fine sand with weak fine subangular blocky

structure (Bt part); lamellae, 1

/2 inch to 2 inches

thick, total 6 inches; slightly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

E and Bt2—37 to 52 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), loose

loamy fine sand (E part); single grain; few fine

roots; lamellae of brown (7.5YR 4/4), very friable

loamy fine sand with weak fine subangular blocky

structure (Bt part); lamellae, 1 to 4 inches thick,

total 6 inches; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

E and Bt3—52 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 5/3), loose

loamy fine sand (E part); single grain; few fine

roots; lamellae of brown (7.5YR 4/4), very friable

loamy fine sand with weak fine subangular blocky

structure (Bt part); lamellae, 1/2 inch to 2 inches

thick, total 3 inches; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—72 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sand; single grain; loose; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 36 to more than 80 inches

Depth to the first lamella: 15 to 40 inches

Thickness of the lamellae: 1/8 inch to 5 inches with a

cumulative total of more than 6 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, chroma of 2

to 4

Texture—loamy fine sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 7,

chroma of 2 to 8

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand,

sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

E horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3

to 6

Texture—fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand,

sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 4 to 6

Texture—loamy fine sand; loamy sand; sand; a few

thin lamellae of sandy loam, fine sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 5 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6,

chroma of 3 or 4

Texture—fine sand, sand

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Tioga Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate to rapid in the substratum

Parent material: Alluvium

Landform: Flood plains

Position on the landform: Flat areas

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Adjacent soils: Holly, Orrville, Saylesville

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

semiactive, mesic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts

Typical Pedon

Tioga loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded; about 2 miles west of Milan, in Milan

Township; about 1,700 feet east of Lovers Lane at the

Huron County line, along the county line, then 800 feet

north; quadrangle 4; T. 5 N., R. 22 W.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; friable; common medium and

coarse roots; many distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—5 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

common medium and coarse roots; common

distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bw2—13 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

common medium and coarse roots; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

C1—26 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

massive; friable; common fine and medium roots;

strata of fine sandy loam and loamy sand; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 173

C2—48 to 72 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

massive; friable; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—72 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam;

massive; friable; common medium prominent

brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated

iron and are in the matrix; common medium

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 18 to 40 inches

A horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam

Content of rock fragments—0 to 15 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5,

chroma of 2 to 4

Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, silt

loam, the channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 25 percent

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, silt loam, loamy sand,

fine sandy loam, the channery or very

channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—0 to 60 percent

Toledo Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas,

depressions

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Fulton, Sandusky

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, nonacid, mesic

Mollic Endoaquepts

Typical Pedon

Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 0.5 mile

east of Springbrook, in Margaretta Township; about

200 feet west and 350 feet north of the southeast

corner of sec. 34, T. 6 N., R. 17 E.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay,

gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate very fine

subangular blocky structure; firm; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg1—9 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay;

strong medium and fine angular blocky structure;

firm; few fine pores in faces of peds; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—18 to 25 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; strong

medium and coarse angular blocky structure; very

firm; common fine pores in faces of peds; common

medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) and olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bg3—25 to 45 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak

coarse prismatic structure parting to strong

medium and coarse angular blocky; very firm;

many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg—45 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay; massive; firm; strata of silty clay loam;

many coarse distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; many coarse prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the dark epipedon: 7 to 9 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 50 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y or is neutral; value of

2 or 3; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam

Bg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 2

Texture—silty clay, clay

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral; value of 4

to 6; chroma of 0 to 6

Texture—silty clay, clay, silty clay loam

Tuscola Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Rapid in the subsurface layer and

moderate in the solum and substratum
174 Soil Survey

Parent material: Stratified lacustrine deposits

Landform: Lake plains and deltas

Position on the landform: Flat areas, rises, knolls,

backslopes, shoulders

Slope: 0 to 6 percent

Adjacent soils: Bixler, Colwood, Kibbie, Zurich

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Tuscola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; about

1 mile southwest of Huron, in Huron Township; about

4,850 feet east and 150 feet south of the intersection

of Rye Beach Road (Township Road 122) and Bogart

Road (County Road 10); quadrangle 2; T. 6 N.,

R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine and very fine roots; few fine faint black

(10YR 2/1) iron and manganese concretions in the

matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—9 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4)

loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; very

friable; common fine and very fine roots; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 22 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films

and coatings on faces of peds; few distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) and few very fine prominent

yellowish red (5YR 4/6) iron and manganese

stains on faces of peds; common medium distinct

pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron depletions in the

matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—22 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films

and coatings on faces of peds; few distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) and few prominent yellowish

red (5YR 4/6) iron and manganese stains on faces

of peds; many medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3—28 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; 1-inch strata

of silty clay loam; many distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) clay films and coatings on faces of

peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron

and manganese stains on faces of peds; many

medium faint brownish gray (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

BCg—35 to 46 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt

loam stratified with silty clay loam and fine sandy

loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; few

faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of peds;

few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron and

manganese stains on faces of peds; common

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

C—46 to 49 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam;

massive; firm; common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; common

medium prominent gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; common medium and coarse white

(10YR 8/1) masses that have accumulated

calcium carbonate and are in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Cg—49 to 56 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sandy loam; massive; friable; common coarse

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

common coarse faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C ́—56 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine

sand; single grain; loose; common coarse distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 50 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4,

chroma of 2 or 3

Texture—fine sandy loam

E horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 3

or 4

Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam
Erie County, Ohio 175

Bt or Btg horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam,

loam, sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, sandy

loam

BC or BCg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, fine sandy

loam, loamy fine sand

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, fine sandy

loam, loamy fine sand

Wakeman Series

Depth class: Moderately deep

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Parent material: Sandstone residuum

Landform: Lake plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders,

summits

Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Adjacent soils: Dekalb, Millgrove, Mitiwanga, Oakville

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

active, mesic Dystric Eutrochrepts

Typical Pedon

Wakeman sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes; about

1 mile northeast of Berlin Heights, in Berlin Township;

about 2,100 feet south of the intersection of Humm

Road (Township Road 134) and Mason Road (County

Road 13), along Humm Road, then 100 feet west;

quadrangle 2; T. 5 N., R. 21 W.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate medium granular structure; friable;

common fine and very fine roots; 10 percent

rock fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw1—10 to 20 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; very friable; common fine and

very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on faces of

peds; 5 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw2—20 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common

fine roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) organic coatings and common distinct

brown (7.5YR 4/4) coatings on faces of peds;

10 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

C—27 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy loam; massive; friable; common fine

roots; 10 percent rock fragments; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

R—31 to 33 inches; unweathered sandstone

bedrock.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to sandstone bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 2

or 3

Texture—sandy loam

Content of rock fragments—2 to 15 percent

Bw horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy

sand, loam, the gravelly or channery analogs of

those textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 30 percent

C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—sandy loam; fine sandy loam; loam; the

channery, very channery, or extremely

channery analogs of those textures

Content of rock fragments—5 to 80 percent

Weyers Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid in material weathered

from tufa and moderately slow or slow in

lacustrine deposits

Parent material: Calcareous tufa overlying lacustrine

deposits

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Extensive flat areas near

spring orifices

Slope: 0 to 1 percent

Adjacent soils: Sandusky, Toledo
176 Soil Survey

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, carbonatic,

mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon

Weyers silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes; about 2 miles

northwest of Castalia, in Margaretta Township; about

1,700 feet east of the intersection of Oxbo Road

(Township Road 34) and Northwest Road (County

Road 6), along Oxbo Road, then 550 feet south;

quadrangle 3; T. 6 N., R. 24 W.

Ap—0 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; friable; common fine

and medium roots; few shell fragments; 1 percent

tufa fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

Cg—13 to 20 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

gravelly loamy coarse sand; weak fine and

medium granular structure; very friable; few very

fine and medium roots; pockets of coarse sandy

loam; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings in root channels and pores; common

coarse distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; 20 percent tufa fragments;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C1—20 to 37 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4)

gravelly sandy loam; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; few very fine and fine roots; 30

percent tufa fragments; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

C2—37 to 43 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy

loam; weak very coarse granular structure; very

friable; few very fine and fine roots; 10 percent tufa

fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Oa—43 to 45 inches; black (10YR 2/1) muck;

massive; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

5 percent fiber; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

3Cg1—45 to 54 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay

loam; massive; firm; few very fine roots; common

medium and coarse prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

3Cg2—54 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brown

(7.5YR 4/4) masses that have accumulated iron

and are in the matrix; few very fine roots; few fine

distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese

concretions in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 17 inches

Depth to the 3C or 3Cg horizon: 40 to 60 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Content of tufa fragments—0 to 15 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8,

chroma of 1 to 4

Texture—loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, coarse sandy loam, the gravelly or very

gravelly analogs of those textures

Content of tufa fragments—1 to 60 percent

2Oa horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3,

chroma of 1 or 2

Texture—sapric material

3Cg or 3C horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma

of 1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam; silty clay; strata of silt

loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam

Zurich Series

Depth class: Very deep

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the solum

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Landform: Dissected areas on lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes, shoulders

Slope: 6 to 40 percent slopes

Adjacent soils: Ogontz, Algiers, Nolin

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon

Zurich silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded;

about 3 miles south of Huron, in Milan Township; about

1,750 feet south of the intersection of State Route 13

and Scheid Road (Township Road 12), along State

Route 13, then 2,625 feet west; quadrangle 2; T. 5 N.,

R. 22 W.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; friable; many fine and

medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Erie County, Ohio 177

Bt1—9 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine and medium roots;

many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films and

coatings on faces of peds; common medium faint

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; strongly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—14 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak medium platy; friable;

few fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films and coatings on faces of peds; many

medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) iron

depletions in the matrix; common medium faint

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses that have

accumulated iron and are in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

C1—24 to 44 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silt loam;

massive; friable; few very fine roots; strata of fine

sandy loam, loamy fine sand, and silty clay loam;

common coarse prominent grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common coarse

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses that

have accumulated iron and are in the matrix;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—44 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

stratified silt loam and fine sandy loam; massive;

friable; many coarse prominent grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses that have accumulated iron and are in the

matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 47 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 42 inches

Ap horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR, value of 4, chroma of 3 or 4;

value of 5 in eroded pedons

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Color—hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

chroma of 3 to 6

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam

C or Cg horizon:

Color—hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6,

chroma of 2 to 6

Texture—stratified silt loam, fine sandy loam,

silty clay loam, loamy fine sand, very fine

sand

179

This section relates the major factors of soil

formation to the soils of Erie County. It also describes

some of the processes of soil formation.

Factors of Soil Formation

Soil is a three-dimensional natural body capable of

supporting plant growth. The nature of the soil at a

specific site is the result of the interaction of many

factors and processes. The factors can be grouped

into five general categories—parent material, climate,

living organisms, relief, and time.

Climate and plants and animals have an effect on

parent material that is modified by relief over time.

Theoretically, if all of these factors were identical at

different sites, the soils at these sites would be

identical. Differences among the soils are caused by

variations in one or more of these factors.

Parent Material

Parent material is the raw material acted on by the

soil-forming processes. It largely determines soil

texture, which in turn affects other properties, such as

natural soil drainage and permeability. The physical

and chemical composition of the parent material has

an important effect on the kind of soil that forms.

The soils in Erie County formed in many different

kinds of parent material. Most of the soils formed in

material deposited by the glaciers that covered the

area thousands of years ago or by the meltwater from

these glaciers. Other soils formed in alluvium, which is

material recently deposited by streams. In some areas

the soils formed in glacial material over bedrock or in

material weathered in place from bedrock. A few soils

formed in organic material that resulted from the slow

accumulation of plant residue in marshes or ponds

over a period of thousands of years.

Till is material that was deposited directly by glacial

ice. It typically has particles that vary in size, including

sand, silt, clay, and some pebbles, cobbles, and larger

rock fragments. The composition of the till depends on

the nature of the area over which the ice passed

before the till was deposited. Some of the material was

transported great distances by the ice, but most of the

material was of local origin. The till was deposited

during the latest major glaciation, the Wisconsin

Glaciation. Glacial till is the parent material of Amanda,

Bennington, Cardington, Condit, Ellsworth, Mahoning,

and Pewamo soils.

The till in Erie County is associated with ground

moraines and lake plains. Most of the glacial till in the

county was subject to modification by water action

during various stages of lake formation during and

after the Wisconsin Glaciation. Water-modified till

primarily makes up the surficial deposits in the

western and central parts of the county. Till deposits

below a depth of 3 or 4 feet are massive, compact,

and dense. The soils that formed in this kind of till

generally are compact and are slowly or moderately

slowly permeable.

Lacustrine deposits are lake-laid sediments that

settled in a quiet water environment. The size of the

particles that can be carried and suspended in water

depends on the speed of the moving water. When the

water slows to a given speed, the suspended particles

that are larger than a given size will settle in the water.

Water slows wherever a stream loses grade or flows

into a body of still water. At that time, the coarser

particles settle near the mouth of the stream and the

silt and fine clay particles are carried further into the

lake, where they slowly settle.

Clayey lacustrine deposits are in the northern part

of Erie County. These deposits are in a large lake

basin, known as Glacial Lake Maumee, that was

formed by the melting glacier. Del Rey, Fulton,

Shinrock, and Toledo soils formed in clayey lacustrine

deposits near the present-day shoreline of Lake Erie.

Loamy and sandy materials were deposited by

water or wave action along old lake shorelines or in

deltas. Beach deposits occur in parallel ridges that

mark the margins of different lake levels. Fox and

Oshtemo soils formed in these kinds of materials.

Where streams entered into the lake, small, localized

deltas were prevalent. Colwood, Kibbie, and Tuscola

soils formed in these areas.

Residuum from bedrock is of minor extent in Erie

County. The glacial drift in the county is a few inches to

several hundred feet thick. It is the dominant parent

material, even in areas where the soils are shallow or

moderately deep to bedrock. In a few areas, glaciers

Formation of the Soils
180 Soil Survey

scoured the Earth’s surface, leaving exposed bedrock

that over time weathered into soil. Brecksville soils

formed in material weathered from shale, and Dekalb

and Wakeman soils formed in material weathered from

sandstone. The lower part of the solum of Milton soils

weathered from limestone.

In the western part of the county, karst topography

with solution cavities in the limestone is prevalent.

Subterranean springs or seepages surface in some

areas. The release of carbonate-charged water from

the spring orifices allows for the formation of

calcareous tufa downslope from the orifice. Sandusky

and Weyers soils formed in calcareous tufa and the

underlying lacustrine sediments.

Recent alluvium is soil material deposited by

floodwater along streams. The texture of the soil

material varies, depending on the speed of the

floodwater, the duration of flooding, and the distance

from the streambank. Soils that formed in recent

alluvium can be highly stratified. The soil horizons are

weakly expressed because the soil-forming processes

are interrupted with each new deposition. The source

of the alluvium generally is material that eroded from

upland soils farther upstream in the watershed. The

well drained Tioga and somewhat poorly drained

Orrville soils formed in recent alluvium derived from

soils that formed in Wisconsin till and lacustrine

deposits.

Organic soils formed in decomposed plant material

that accumulated under water when ponds were filling

with water. Ponds and marshes naturally age as they

fill with organic material derived from algae, sedges,

rushes, and other water-tolerant plants. The plant

residue accumulates because the permanently wet

condition of the soils prevents oxidation and slows

decomposition. Freshly exposed organic material

commonly has a reddish brown color that rapidly turns

black when the material is exposed to the air. The very

poorly drained Adrian soils formed in decomposed

plant material and the underlying sandy deposits.

Climate

The climate in Erie County has significantly affected

soil formation. Climatic factors, such as precipitation

and temperature, have influenced the existing plant

and animal communities and the physical and

chemical weathering of the parent material.

During the colder glacial epoch, the advancing

glaciers spread over the county. The cold

temperatures in the soils reduced the rate of chemical

reactions in the existing soil and in the raw parent

material. Increased frost action, resulting from a

periglacial climate, caused frost churning in some

soils. When the glacial ice retreated and the climate

gradually warmed, deciduous forests became

established.

The county currently has a humid, temperate

climate, which has persisted for thousands of years. In

this climatic environment, physical and chemical

weathering of the parent material can occur along with

the accumulation of organic matter, the decomposition

of minerals, the formation and translocation of clay, the

leaching of soluble compounds, and alternating

periods of freezing and thawing.

The range in temperature has favored both physical

change and chemical weathering of the parent

material. Freezing and thawing aided the formation of

soil structure. Warm temperatures in summer favored

chemical reactions in the weathering of the primary

minerals. Rainfall and temperatures have been

conducive to plant growth and the accumulation of

organic matter in all of the soils.

Living Organisms

The vegetation under which a soil forms influences

the color, structure, and content of organic matter. The

surface layer of soils that formed under trees is

generally lighter in color than that of soils formed

under grass. A darker surface layer is formed under

grass because more organic matter is returned to

the soils by grasses than is returned to the soils by

trees.

Gases derived from root respiration combine with

water to form acids that influence the weathering of

minerals. Grasses also provide shelter for many

burrowing animals that alter the structure and

thickness of soil horizons. Earthworms, burrowing

insects, and small animals are constantly mixing the

soil, making it more porous to air and water and

adding organic residue. Bacteria, fungi, and other

micro-organisms contribute to the breakdown of

organic residue. Generally, fungi are more active in

acid soils and bacteria in alkaline soils.

Six general native plant communities are

recognized as the original vegetation of Erie County.

The dominant type is mixed oak forest. It was in the

western and central parts of the county. White oak,

black oak, and hickory were the dominant species

(Gordon 1969). This community was associated with

Bennington, Cardington, Castalia, Dunbridge, Elnora,

Kibbie, Milton, Pewamo, and Tuscola soils.

Elm-ash swamp forest was in the northwestern part

of the county. American elm, black ash, red maple, pin

oak, swamp white oak, and hickory were the principal

species. This community was associated with Del Rey,

Fulton, Milford, and Toledo soils.
Erie County, Ohio 181

Prairie grassland was in the central part of the

county. Areas of this type of vegetation were likely wet

prairies and were dominated by giant reedgrass,

sloughgrass, bluejoint, and big bluestem. This

community was associated with Colwood, Elliott, Fries,

and Milford soils.

Beech forests were in the eastern portion of the

county. Beech, sugar maple, red oak, white ash, white

oak, and basswood were the common species. This

community was associated with Bennington,

Cardington, and Pewamo soils.

The mixed mesophytic forest community was in the

east-central part of the county. In areas of this type of

vegetation, no one species made up a large fraction of

the community. Oak, beech, and maple were common

species.

The marsh and fen plant community was along the

Lake Erie shoreline. It included a wide variety of watertolerant species. In areas with this type of vegetation,

shrubs were common, but trees were rare. This

community was associated with the very poorly

drained, ponded Toledo soils.

Human activities also affect soil formation.

Examples of these activities are cultivation, seeding,

installation of drainage systems, irrigation, and cutting

and filling. Accelerated erosion caused by clearing and

cultivating the more sloping soils, such as Amanda,

Cardington, Shinrock, and Zurich soils, illustrates the

impact of human activities on soil formation. Loss of

surface soil and compaction of the subsoil affect runoff

and plant growth. In large areas, Pewamo, Milford, and

Toledo soils have been drained by ditches and

subsurface drains. Draining reduces the content of

organic matter and affects the processes of soil

formation. Adding lime or fertilizer also affects the

long-term development of the soil.

Relief

Relief, along with parent material, affects the natural

drainage of soils. It influences the amount of runoff,

erosion, and the depth to the water table. Generally,

the steeper soils have better drainage than the nearly

level soils. If the extent of drainage differs, different

soils can form in the same parent material. For

example, both Cardington and Pewamo soils formed in

glacial till. Cardington soils are in higher or more

sloping positions than the Pewamo soils, and the

water table generally is not close to the surface.

Cardington soils are moderately well drained. Pewamo

soils, however, are in low, level areas, and the water

table is near or above the surface. Pewamo soils are

very poorly drained.

A drainage sequence is a group of soils that formed

in the same parent material but differ in the extent of

natural drainage. For example, the well drained

Saylesville soils, the moderately well drained Shinrock

soils, the somewhat poorly drained Del Rey soils, and

the very poorly drained and poorly drained Milford

soils make up a drainage sequence. All of these soils

formed in lacustrine deposits.

Relief varies only slightly in Erie County. On the

lake plains, soils are dominantly nearly level.

Exceptions are dissected areas along drainageways,

areas on beach ridges, and areas where bedrock

reefs occur.

Time

The length of time during which the parent material

has been exposed to the soil-forming processes

affects the nature of the soil that forms. In most

instances, the youngest soils in the county are those

that formed in recent stream deposits, such as Holly,

Orrville, and Tioga soils. Exceptions are areas of

altered soil materials, such as Udipsamments or

Udorthents. Younger soils have horizons that are less

well defined than those in the older soils.

The glacial deposits in Erie County are of

Wisconsin age and are geologically young (about

20,000 years old). Nevertheless, sufficient time has

elapsed for the active forces of climate and plants and

animals to produce distinct horizons. In most of the

soils, carbonates have been leached, structure has

developed in the subsoil, and organic matter has

accumulated in the surface layer.

Processes of Soil Formation

Soil forms through complex, continuing processes.

These processes can be grouped into four

general categories: addition, removal, transfer, and

alteration.

The accumulation of organic matter in the formation

of mineral soils is an example of the addition process.

The addition of organic residue has produced a dark

surface layer. The upper part of the parent material

originally was not darker than the lower part.

The loss of lime from the upper 2 to 4 feet of many

of the soils in Erie County is an example of the

removal process. Although the parent material was

limy, water percolating through the soil has leached

the lime from the upper part of the soil.

Water is the carrier for most of the transfers that

have occurred in the formation of soils in Erie County.

Clay has been transferred from the A and E horizons

to the B horizon in many of the soils. The A and

E horizons, especially the E horizon, have become a

zone of eluviation, and the B horizon is a zone of

illuviation. Thin clay films are in pores and on the faces
182

of peds in the B horizon of some soils. The presence

of clay films is an important criterion in soil

classification.

The reduction and solution of ferrous iron are

examples of the alteration process. This process has

taken place in the very poorly drained soils and, to a

lesser extent, in somewhat poorly drained and

moderately well drained soils. Reduction of iron, or

gleying, is evident in the very poorly drained Colwood,

Fries, Millgrove, and Pewamo soils. It is the result of a

recurring water table. Gray soil indicates gleying.

Reduced iron is soluble; however, the iron in the soils

in Erie County commonly has remained in the horizon

where it originated or settled in an underlying horizon.

Iron can be reoxidized and segregated in places to

form yellowish brown mottles that are brighter than the

surrounding soil. The alteration of iron causes

redoximorphic features in soils that are not well

drained.

To varying degrees, each of the four soil-forming

processes has affected all of the soils in Erie County.

The accumulation of organic matter has been

prominent in the formation of Adrian soils. The removal

of carbonates and the transfer of clay have been

prominent in the formation of Cardington and Shinrock

soils.
183

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Stand. D 2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of

wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service FWS/OBS-79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. February 24, 1995. Hydric soils of the United States.

Gordon, Robert B. 1969. The natural vegetation of Ohio in pioneer days. Ohio Biological

Survey.

Hurt, G.W., P.M. Whited, and R.F. Pringle, editors. 1996. Field indicators of hydric soils

in the United States.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey. Rev. 1947.

Geologic map of Ohio. Map No. 1. (Reprinted 1981)

Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey. 1998.

Quaternary geology map of Ohio. Map No. 2.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water. 1986. Groundwater

resources of Erie County, Ohio. Map.

Redmond, C.E., T.J.F. Hole, C.H. Innis, and M. Wachtman. 1971. Soil survey of Erie

County, Ohio.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

Soil Survey Staff. 1975. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. Natural Resources Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Soil Survey Staff. 1990. Keys to soil taxonomy. 4th edition. United States Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

References
184

Soil Survey Staff. 1996. Keys to soil taxonomy. 7th edition. United States Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. (Revised in 2003)

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands

Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of

Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical

Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. (Available in the State Office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service at 200 N. High Street, Columbus, OH 43215-2478)

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

1996. Natural resources inventory. (Available in the State Office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service at 200 N. High Street, Columbus, OH 43215-2478)

United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1987. Basic

statistics, 1982 national resources inventory. Statistical Bulletin 756.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1990. 1990 census of

population and housing.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1993. 1992 census of

agriculture, final county file.
185

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such

as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds.

Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or

logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for

1 month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslopes

below.

Backswamp. A flood plain landform. Extensive,

marshy, or swampy, depressed areas on flood

plains between natural levees and the valley sides

of terraces.

Basal till. Compact glacial till deposited beneath the

ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Beach deposit. The coarse textured or medium

textured material, usually stratified, that is

deposited by the action of waves and currents

along a shoreline.

Beach ridge. A low, essentially continuous mound of

beach or beach and dune material heaped up by

the action of waves and currents on the backshore

of a beach. The ridges are roughly parallel to the

shoreline and represent successive positions of

an advancing or retreating shoreline.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet

(60 centimeters) in diameter.

Glossary
186 Soil Survey

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliquivalents per

100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Channery soil material. Soil material that is, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of

sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as

much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the

longest axis. A single piece is called a channer.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more

clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less than

40 percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to

25 centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that is 15 to

35 percent, by volume, rounded or partially

rounded rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to

25 centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil

material has 35 to 60 percent of these rock

fragments, and extremely cobbly soil material

has more than 60 percent.

COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility). See

Linear extensibility.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Compressible (in tables). Excessive decrease in

volume of soft soil under load.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.
Erie County, Ohio 187

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Cut or fill spot (on legend). A disturbed area of soil

from which material has been excavated or added.

Typically, 0.25 acre to 2 acres in size. Classified

and mapped as Udorthents when the area is more

than 2 acres in size.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Delta. A body of alluvium having a surface that is

nearly flat and fan shaped; deposited at or near

the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a

body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or

lake.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that

has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per

cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of

digging and can affect filling and compacting.

Depression Any relatively sunken part of the Earth’s

surface; especially a lower lying area surrounded

by higher ground.

Depression (or sink) (on legend). An area commonly

5 feet or more lower in elevation than the

surrounding area. Side slopes generally range

from 5 to 10 percent. Typically, a depression is

0.1 to 0.25 acre in size.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the

surface for the specified use.

Dissimilar soil. Soils that do not share limits of

diagnostic criteria. They behave and perform in a

different manner and have different conservation

needs or management requirements for the major

land uses in the survey area.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Dolostone. A term for the sedimentary rock formerly

called dolomite. A carbonate sedimentary rock

consisting chiefly (more than 50 percent by

weight) of the mineral dolomite.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drainageway. A general term for a course or channel

along which water moves in draining an area. A

term restricted to relatively small, linear

depressions that, at some time, move

concentrated water and either do not have a

defined channel or have a small, defined channel.

Dune. A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose,

windblown, granular material (generally sand),

either bare or covered with vegetation, capable of

movement from place to place but always

retaining its characteristic shape.

Effervescence. The gaseous response (observed as

bubbles) of soil to applied hydrochloric acid (HCl),

H2O2, or other chemicals. A test to determine the

presence of carbonates in the soil.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary

of saturation and a depth of 2 meters are

saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic).—Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.
188 Soil Survey

Erosion (accelerated).—Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fan. A generic term for a constructional landform that

is built of stratified material that has moved

downslope from its source.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or

3 days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Flaggy soil material. Material that is, by volume, 15 to

35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flaggy soil material. Material that is, by volume, 15 to

35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material

has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely

flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent

flagstones.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The inclined surface at the base of a hill.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of

soil moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant

roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Glacial drift. Pulverized and other rock material

transported by glacial ice and then deposited.

Also, the sorted and unsorted material deposited

by streams flowing from glaciers.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to

7.6 centimeters) in diameter. An individual

piece is a pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to

35 percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Very

gravelly soil material has 35 to 60 percent gravel,

and extremely gravelly soil material has more than

60 percent gravel.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground moraine. An extensive, fairly even layer of till

having an even or undulating surface; a deposit of

rock and mineral debris dragged along, in, on, or

beneath a glacier.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.
Erie County, Ohio 189

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an

A horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying

C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or

(4) a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the

time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in

production of crops. Methods of irrigation are:
190 Soil Survey

Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and

under low pressure to the surface of the soil or

into the soil through such applicators as emitters,

porous tubing, or perforated pipe.

Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil surface

through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system.

Subirrigation.—Water is applied in open ditches or

tile lines until the water table is raised enough to

wet the soil.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Krotovina. Irregular tubular streaks within one layer of

material transported from another layer by filling of

tunnels made by burrowing animals with material

from outside the layer in which they are found.

Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water

and exposed when the water level is lowered or

the elevation of the land is raised.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used is used to determine the

shrink-swell potential of soils. It is an expression of

the volume change between the water content of

the clod at 1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa

tension) and oven dryness. Volume change is

influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil. The volume change is the

percent change for the whole soil. If it is expressed

as a fraction, the resulting value is COLE,

coefficient of linear extensibility.

Limestone. A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly

(more than 50 percent) of calcium carbonate,

primarily in the form of calcite.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Lithic contact. A boundary between soil and

continuous, coherent, underlying material. The

underlying material must be sufficiently coherent

to make hand digging with a spade impractical.

Lithochromic color. Color that is derived from rock

fragments in the soil or from the underlying

bedrock.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low strength (in tables). The soil is not strong

enough to support loads.

Marsh (or swamp). A saturated, very poorly drained

area that is intermittently or permanently covered

with water. Marsh areas are dominantly vegetated

by aquatic or grasslike plants. Swamps are

dominantly covered by trees or shrubs.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Milliquivalent (meq). A measurement unit of ion

exchange capacity depicting one-thousandth of

the actual numbers of atoms or molecules in an

object.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Mine (or quarry). An open excavation from which

bedrock material has been removed.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.
Erie County, Ohio 191

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than

5 millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to

15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of

4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly stratified,

deposited by glacial meltwater.

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Paralithic contact. Similar to a lithic contact except

that the underlying material is softer and can be

dug with difficulty with a spade.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Pebbles. Rounded or partially rounded rock or mineral

fragments between 2 and 75 mm in diameter.

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to

10 square meters), depending on the variability of

the soil.

Percolation. The downward movement of water

through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Perennial stream. A stream that usually flows

throughout the year.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow .................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels

or pipelike cavities by water moving through the

soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially
192 Soil Survey

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Reef. A ridgelike or moundlike structure, layered or

massive, built by sedentary calcareous organisms,

and consisting mostly of their remains; it is wave

resistant and stands above the surrounding

contemporaneously deposited sediment.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Ridge. A long, narrow elevation of the land surface.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Rock outcrop. An exposure of bedrock at the surface

of the earth.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an

amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline

soil does not contain excess exchangeable

sodium.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Sandy spot. An area of soil where the surface layer is

sandy (loamy sand or sand) and where the

surrounding soil or soils have a loamy or clayey

surface layer.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has
Erie County, Ohio 193

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Short, steep slopes. An elongated area having

slopes that are at least two slope classes steeper

than the slope class of the surrounding map

unit(s).

Shoulder slope. The hillslope position that forms the

uppermost inclined surface near the top of a

hillslope. If present, it comprises the transition

zone from backslope to summit.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than

12 percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar components. Soils that share limits of

diagnostic criteria, behave and perform in a similar

manner, and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, classes for simple slopes are as

follows:

Level .................................................... 0 to 1 percent

Nearly level ............. 0 to 2 percent or 0 to 3 percent

Nearly level to gently

 sloping ................ 0 to 4 percent or 0 to 6 percent

Gently sloping ..................................... 2 to 6 percent

Sloping .............................................. 6 to 12 percent

Moderately steep ............................ 12 to 18 percent

Steep ............... 18 to 25 percent or 25 to 40 percent

Very steep ....................................... 40 to 70 percent

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small

stones adversely affect the specified use of the

soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the Earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than

2 millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:
194 Soil Survey

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the

C horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to

60 centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to

24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stratified. Arranged in or composed of strata or

layers.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Subsidence. The loss in volume that occurs in muck

soils when they oxide or dry.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. A general term for the top, or highest level, of

an upland feature, such as a hill or mountain. It

commonly refers to a higher area that has a gentle

slope and is flanked by steeper slopes.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small

to be of consequence in interpreting their use

and behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts

only when one or more of their characteristics

are slightly outside the range defined for the

family of the series for which the soils are

named.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily

flat or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the

sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified glacial drift consisting of

clay, silt, sand, and boulders transported and

deposited by glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by glacial till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base

of a hill; part of a footslope.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils
Erie County, Ohio 195

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Tufa. Material composed primarily of calcium

carbonate. It is generally deposited by springs,

near their orifices or vents.

Typical pedon site. The location of the pedon

described as typical for the series within the

county.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Varve. A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of

laminae deposited in a body of still water within a

year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded

glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited,

usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or

other body of still water in front of a glacier.

Water table. The saturated zone in the soil.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

Earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wet spot. An area of soil that is somewhat poorly

drained to very poorly drained and that is at least

two drainage classes wetter than the named soils

in the surrounding map units.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.

197

Tables
198 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Sandusky, Ohio.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 |_________________________________________________________|_____________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10|Average|

 | | | | 10 will have-- | Average | | will have-- |number | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |of days|Average

 | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More | with | snow-

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--| 0.10 | fall

 | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | |inch or|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | more |

_________|_______|_______|_______|___________|___________|_________|_______|______|______|_______|_______

 | o | o | o | o | o | | | | | |

 | F | F | F | F | F | Units | In | In | In | | In __ __ __ __ __ _____ __ __ __ __

 | | | | | | | | | | |

January--| 32.2 | 17.5 | 24.8 | 60 | -10 | 11 | 1.73 | 0.72 | 2.59 | 4 | 7.7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

February-| 34.3 | 19.3 | 26.8 | 63 | -4 | 17 | 1.63 | 0.64 | 2.47 | 4 | 6.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

March----| 44.3 | 28.9 | 36.6 | 78 | 8 | 81 | 2.61 | 1.59 | 3.54 | 6 | 4.7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

April----| 56.7 | 39.5 | 48.1 | 84 | 22 | 258 | 2.92 | 1.72 | 4.00 | 6 | .8

 | | | | | | | | | | |

May------| 67.9 | 50.4 | 59.2 | 90 | 34 | 569 | 3.47 | 2.33 | 4.51 | 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

June-----| 78.0 | 60.2 | 69.1 | 95 | 46 | 864 | 3.85 | 2.11 | 5.38 | 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

July-----| 82.4 | 64.9 | 73.7 | 97 | 51 | 958 | 3.72 | 2.02 | 5.22 | 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

August---| 80.7 | 63.1 | 71.9 | 93 | 51 | 916 | 3.48 | 1.82 | 4.93 | 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

September| 74.0 | 56.2 | 65.1 | 92 | 40 | 723 | 3.17 | 1.82 | 4.38 | 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

October--| 62.3 | 44.7 | 53.5 | 84 | 27 | 404 | 2.04 | 1.00 | 3.08 | 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

November-| 49.9 | 35.4 | 42.6 | 74 | 17 | 151 | 2.80 | 1.38 | 4.03 | 6 | 1.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

December-| 37.0 | 23.4 | 30.2 | 65 | -2 | 28 | 2.56 | 1.69 | 3.52 | 6 | 6.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average-| 58.3 | 42.0 | 50.1 | --- | ---- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme-| --- | --- | --- | 97 | -11 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total---| --- | --- | --- | --- | ---- | 4,981 | 33.98 |27.61 |38.35 | 67 | 27.4

_________|_______|_______|_______|___________|___________|_________|_______|______|______|_______|_______

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding

the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below

which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
Erie County, Ohio 199

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

 (Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Sandusky, Ohio.)

______________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | 24o F | 28o F | 32o F

 | or lower | or lower | or lower

___________________|______________|_____________|_____________

 | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than | Apr. 7 | Apr. 14 | Apr. 29

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than | Apr. 2 | Apr. 10 | Apr. 25

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than | Mar. 25 | Apr. 2 | Apr. 17

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than | Nov. 4 | Oct. 22 | Oct. 14

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than | Nov. 9 | Oct. 28 | Oct. 19

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than | Nov. 21 | Nov. 7 | Oct. 28

___________________|______________|_____________|_____________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Sandusky,

 Ohio.)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24o F | 28o F | 32o F

______________|____________|___________|__________

 | Days | Days | Days ____ ____ ____

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 208 | 201 | 172

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 214 | 206 | 179

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 226 | 215 | 192

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 237 | 224 | 205

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 243 | 229 | 211

______________|____________|___________|__________
200 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________|_________|_______

 | | |

AaA |Adrian muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------------------------| 26 | *

AeA |Algiers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 313 | 0.2

AkA |Allis clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 4,094 | 2.3

AmD2 |Amanda loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------------| 174 | *

AnG |Amanda-Dekalb-Rock outcrop association, 40 to 70 percent slopes----------------| 788 | 0.4

Bc |Beaches------------------------------------------------------------------------| 545 | 0.3

BdB |Belmore loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 4 | *

BeA |Bennington loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 1,651 | 0.9

BgA |Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 10,306 | 5.7

BgB |Bennington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------| 1,467 | 0.8

BkA |Bixler loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 3,057 | 1.7

BkB |Bixler loamy fine sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------| 850 | 0.5

BvG |Brecksville silt loam, 40 to 70 percent slopes---------------------------------| 287 | 0.2

CaA |Cardington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 67 | *

CaB |Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------| 2,331 | 1.3

CbC2 |Cardington silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded---------------------| 818 | 0.5

CcA |Castalia very channery loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------| 1,855 | 1.0

CcB |Castalia very channery loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------| 1,101 | 0.6

CcD |Castalia very channery loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes---------------------------| 154 | *

ChB |Chili loam, loamy substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------| 568 | 0.3

CmA |Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 4,383 | 2.4

CnA |Colwood silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------| 1,430 | 0.8

CoA |Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 2,251 | 1.2

CtB |Conotton loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 940 | 0.5

CuC |Conotton gravelly loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes---------------------------------| 146 | *

DbB |Dekalb channery loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------| 582 | 0.3

DbD |Dekalb channery loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes----------------------------------| 392 | 0.2

DeA |Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 6,551 | 3.6

DuA |Dunbridge loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 913 | 0.5

DuB |Dunbridge loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------| 679 | 0.4

EcA |Elliott silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------| 1,195 | 0.7

EdB |Ellsworth silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 125 | *

EdC2 |Ellsworth silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------| 8 | *

EnA |Elnora loamy fine sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes----------------------------------| 6,383 | 3.5

EoA |Elnora loamy fine sand, bedrock substratum, 0 to 4 percent slopes--------------| 725 | 0.4

EsA |Endoaquents, loamy, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 878 | 0.5

FnA |Fluvaquents, silty, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded------------------| 537 | 0.3

FoB |Fox loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes------------------------------------------------| 366 | 0.2

FrA |Fries silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 2,225 | 1.2

FuA |Fulton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 2,166 | 1.2

GdA |Gilford fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------------| 1,588 | 0.9

HdA |Harrod silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded--------------------| 145 | *

HkA |Haskins loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 3,214 | 1.8

HoA |Holly silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-------------------| 2,264 | 1.2

HpB |Hornell loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 147 | *

HrB |Hornell silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 240 | 0.1

HsA |Hornell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 3,864 | 2.1

JtA |Jimtown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 3,271 | 1.8

JuA |Joliet silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 727 | 0.4

KbA |Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 7,707 | 4.2

MaA |Mahoning silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 178 | *

MaB |Mahoning silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 69 | *

MbB |Marblehead loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------------------| 651 | 0.4

MeA |Mermill silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------------| 3,386 | 1.9

MfA |Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------------| 4,315 | 2.4

MgA |Millgrove loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------------------------------------------| 2,524 | 1.4

MmA |Millsdale silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,089 | 1.2

MnA |Milton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 1,892 | 1.0

MnB |Milton silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 489 | 0.3

MrA |Miner silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 1,174 | 0.6

MsA |Miner silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------| 974 | 0.5

MxA |Mitiwanga silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 1,452 | 0.8

MxB |Mitiwanga silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 272 | 0.1

NoA |Nolin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded-------------------| 576 | 0.3

 | | |
Erie County, Ohio 201

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________|_________|_______

 | | |

OaB |Oakville loamy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------| 649 | 0.4

OgA |Ogontz fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,011 | 0.6

OhB |Ogontz silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 1,511 | 0.8

OmA |Olmsted loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 90 | *

OpA |Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally | |

 | flooded-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 2,406 | 1.3

OrA |Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently | |

 | flooded-----------------------------------------------------------------------| 385 | 0.2

OsB |Oshtemo loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 2,785 | 1.5

PcA |Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------| 12,799 | 7.0

Pg |Pits, gravel or sand-----------------------------------------------------------| 51 | *

Pk |Pits, quarry-------------------------------------------------------------------| 1,365 | 0.8

PmA |Plumbrook fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 2,254 | 1.2

RaA |Randolph silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 1,814 | 1.0

RcA |Rawson sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 598 | 0.3

RcB |Rawson sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 1,110 | 0.6

RgA |Rimer loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------------| 1,027 | 0.6

RhA |Ritchey loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 1,030 | 0.6

RhB |Ritchey loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------------| 1,069 | 0.6

RhC |Ritchey loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 214 | 0.1

SaA |Sandusky loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes-------------------------------------------| 460 | 0.3

SbF |Saylesville silt loam, 25 to 40 percent slopes---------------------------------| 1,083 | 0.6

ShB |Shinrock silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 1,120 | 0.6

SkC2 |Shinrock silty clay loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 576 | 0.3

SkD2 |Shinrock silty clay loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 615 | 0.3

SpB |Spinks loamy fine sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,152 | 0.6

SpD |Spinks loamy fine sand, 12 to 18 percent slopes--------------------------------| 290 | 0.2

TgA |Tioga loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded------------------------| 613 | 0.3

TnA |Toledo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------| 858 | 0.5

ToA |Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 4,140 | 2.3

TpA |Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes, ponded-------------------------------| 1,429 | 0.8

TuA |Tuscola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 2,589 | 1.4

TuB |Tuscola fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------| 1,810 | 1.0

UcB |Udipsamments-Spinks complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes-----------------------------| 293 | 0.2

UdB |Udorthents, loamy, 0 to 6 percent slopes---------------------------------------| 4,162 | 2.3

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------------| 14,973 | 8.2

WaB |Wakeman sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 561 | 0.3

WaC |Wakeman sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 140 | *

WeA |Weyers silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 2,160 | 1.2

ZuC2 |Zurich silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------------| 1,182 | 0.7

ZuD2 |Zurich silt loam, 12 to 18 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 1,534 | 0.8

ZuE2 |Zurich silt loam, 18 to 25 percent slopes, eroded------------------------------| 274 | 0.2

ZuF |Zurich silt loam, 25 to 40 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 866 | 0.5

 | |_________|_______

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------------| 181,587 | 100.0

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________|_________|_______

 * Less than 0.05 percent. The combined extent of the soils assigned an asterisk in the “Percent”

column is about 0.8 percent of the survey area.
202 Soil Survey

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for

 nonirrigated areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the

 crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Orchardgrass-| Bluegrass-

 and soil name | capability| | | | alfalfa hay | ladino

________________|___________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

AaA-------------| 5W | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Adrian | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

AeA-------------| 2W | 125 | 40 | 45 | 4.1 | 4.6

 Algiers | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

AkA-------------| 4W | 80 | 32 | 43 | 4.1 | 4.6

 Allis | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

AmD2------------| 4E | --- | --- | 35 | 3.6 | 4.0

 Amanda | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

AnG-------------| 7E | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Amanda-Dekalb- | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Bc. | | | | | |

 Beaches | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BdB-------------| 2E | 105 | 35 | 45 | 4.5 | 5.0

 Belmore | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BeA-------------| 2W | 120 | 40 | 45 | 4.3 | 5.3

 Bennington | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BgA-------------| 2W | 120 | 40 | 45 | 4.3 | 5.3

 Bennington | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BgB-------------| 2E | 110 | 35 | 42 | 3.8 | 5.0

 Bennington | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BkA-------------| 2W | 105 | 38 | 44 | 4.0 | 5.0

 Bixler | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BkB-------------| 2E | 100 | 34 | 42 | 3.8 | 4.8

 Bixler | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BvG-------------| 7E | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Brecksville | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CaA-------------| 1 | 120 | 42 | 46 | 4.5 | 5.0

 Cardington | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CaB-------------| 2E | 110 | 36 | 42 | 3.7 | 4.5

 Cardington | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CbC2------------| 3E | 100 | 32 | 40 | 3.5 | 4.2

 Cardington | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CcA-------------| 3S | --- | --- | --- | 2.5 | 2.8

 Castalia | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CcB-------------| 3S | --- | --- | --- | 2.3 | 2.5

 Castalia | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CcD-------------| 6S | --- | --- | --- | 2.1 | 2.2

 Castalia | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ChB-------------| 2E | 105 | 38 | 42 | 4.5 | 5.0

 Chili | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 203

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Orchardgrass-| Bluegrass-

 and soil name | capability| | | | alfalfa hay | ladino

________________|___________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

CmA-------------| 2W | 155 | 55 | 67 | 4.5 | 5.3

 Colwood | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CnA-------------| 2W | 140 | 44 | 55 | 4.5 | 5.3

 Colwood | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CoA-------------| 3W | 100 | 35 | 40 | 4.0 | 4.8

 Condit | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CtB-------------| 3S | 85 | 30 | 40 | 3.5 | 4.0

 Conotton | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CuC-------------| 4E | 70 | 28 | 30 | 3.0 | 3.8

 Conotton | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DbB-------------| 2E | 80 | 26 | 30 | 3.0 | 3.5

 Dekalb | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DbD-------------| 4E | --- | --- | --- | 2.5 | 2.6

 Dekalb | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DeA-------------| 2W | 120 | 44 | 50 | 4.3 | 5.3

 Del Rey | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DuA-------------| 3S | 100 | 32 | 40 | 3.5 | 4.0

 Dunbridge | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

DuB-------------| 3E | 90 | 28 | 38 | 3.3 | 3.8

 Dunbridge | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

EcA-------------| 2W | 135 | 45 | 60 | 5.1 | 5.3

 Elliott | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

EdB-------------| 3E | 90 | 33 | 42 | 3.7 | 4.5

 Ellsworth | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

EdC2------------| 4E | 85 | 31 | 32 | 3.5 | 4.0

 Ellsworth | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

EnA-------------| 2W | 90 | 30 | 45 | 3.5 | 4.0

 Elnora | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

EoA-------------| 2W | 90 | 30 | 45 | 3.5 | 4.0

 Elnora | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

EsA. | | | | | |

 Endoaquents | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FnA. | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FoB-------------| 2E | 105 | 35 | 45 | 4.3 | 5.0

 Fox | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FrA-------------| 3W | 95 | 35 | 40 | 4.0 | 4.5

 Fries | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FuA-------------| 3W | 110 | 38 | 46 | 4.0 | 5.3

 Fulton | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

GdA-------------| 2W | 130 | 42 | 55 | 4.0 | 5.0

 Gilford | | | | | |

 | | | | | |
204 Soil Survey

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Orchardgrass-| Bluegrass-

 and soil name | capability| | | | alfalfa hay | ladino

________________|___________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

HdA-------------| 3W | 100 | 40 | --- | 4.1 | 4.5

 Harrod | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HkA-------------| 2W | 115 | 44 | 46 | 4.3 | 5.3

 Haskins | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HoA-------------| 3W | 100 | 28 | 35 | 4.0 | 5.0

 Holly | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HpB-------------| 3E | 95 | 30 | 40 | 3.0 | 4.0

 Hornell | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HrB-------------| 3E | 90 | 30 | 40 | 3.0 | 4.0

 Hornell | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HsA-------------| 3W | 100 | 32 | 45 | 3.5 | 4.5

 Hornell | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

JtA-------------| 2W | 110 | 40 | 45 | 4.3 | 5.3

 Jimtown | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

JuA-------------| 4W | 80 | 32 | 35 | 2.0 | 2.5

 Joliet | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

KbA-------------| 2W | 140 | 40 | 60 | 5.0 | 5.3

 Kibbie | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MaA-------------| 3W | 100 | 32 | 40 | 4.3 | 5.3

 Mahoning | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MaB-------------| 3E | 100 | 30 | 35 | 3.8 | 5.0

 Mahoning | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MbB-------------| 6S | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 | 2.0

 Marblehead | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MeA-------------| 2W | 140 | 47 | 58 | 4.5 | 5.3

 Mermill | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MfA-------------| 2W | 140 | 52 | 60 | 4.5 | 5.3

 Milford | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MgA-------------| 2W | 150 | 55 | 60 | 4.5 | 5.3

 Millgrove | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MmA-------------| 3W | 115 | 44 | 45 | 4.0 | 4.5

 Millsdale | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MnA-------------| 2S | 100 | 35 | 40 | 3.8 | 4.0

 Milton | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MnB-------------| 2E | 100 | 32 | 40 | 3.5 | 3.8

 Milton | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MrA-------------| 3W | 115 | 40 | 45 | 4.2 | 4.5

 Miner | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MsA-------------| 3W | 115 | 40 | 45 | 4.2 | 4.5

 Miner | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

MxA-------------| 2W | 100 | 30 | 45 | 3.8 | 4.5

 Mitiwanga | | | | | |

 | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 205

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Orchardgrass-| Bluegrass-

 and soil name | capability| | | | alfalfa hay | ladino

________________|___________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

MxB-------------| 2E | 95 | 28 | 42 | 3.5 | 4.0

 Mitiwanga | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

NoA-------------| 2W | 130 | 42 | 45 | 4.0 | 5.0

 Nolin | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OaB-------------| 4S | 75 | 25 | 35 | 3.0 | 3.5

 Oakville | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OgA-------------| 1 | 130 | 45 | 55 | 4.2 | 4.5

 Ogontz | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OhB-------------| 2E | 120 | 38 | 52 | 4.0 | 4.5

 Ogantz | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OmA-------------| 2W | 125 | 50 | 53 | 4.5 | 5.3

 Olmsted | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OpA-------------| 2W | 120 | 35 | 45 | 3.5 | 4.5

 Orrville | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OrA-------------| 2W | 110 | 30 | --- | 3.5 | 4.5

 Orrville | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

OsB-------------| 3S | 95 | 32 | 40 | 3.5 | 4.5

 Oshtemo | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

PcA-------------| 2W | 140 | 44 | 55 | 5.0 | 5.3

 Pewamo | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Pg. | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel or| | | | | |

 sand | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

Pk. | | | | | |

 Pits, quarry | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

PmA-------------| 2W | 125 | 42 | 52 | 4.3 | 4.8

 Plumbrook | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RaA-------------| 3W | 110 | 35 | 42 | 4.0 | 4.5

 Randolph | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RcA-------------| 1 | 125 | 42 | 52 | 4.5 | 5.0

 Rawson | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RcB-------------| 2E | 110 | 40 | 48 | 4.2 | 5.0

 Rawson | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RgA-------------| 2W | 105 | 38 | 45 | 4.0 | 5.0

 Rimer | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RhA-------------| 3S | 80 | 26 | 40 | 3.0 | 3.0

 Ritchey | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RhB-------------| 3E | 75 | 24 | 35 | 2.5 | 2.5

 Ritchey | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

RhC-------------| 4E | 70 | 22 | 32 | 2.0 | 2.0

 Ritchey | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

SaA-------------| 3W | 120 | 40 | 40 | 4.0 | 4.2

 Sandusky | | | | | |

 | | | | | |
206 Soil Survey

Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat|Orchardgrass-| Bluegrass-

 and soil name | capability| | | | alfalfa hay | ladino

________________|___________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM

 | | | | | |

SbF-------------| 7E | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Saylesville | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ShB-------------| 2E | 115 | 36 | 50 | 4.5 | 4.8

 Shinrock | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

SkC2------------| 3E | 100 | 33 | 45 | 3.8 | 4.5

 Shinrock | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

SkD2------------| 4E | --- | --- | --- | 3.6 | 4.2

 Shinrock | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

SpB-------------| 3S | 85 | 30 | 40 | 3.0 | 4.0

 Spinks | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

SpD-------------| 4E | --- | --- | --- | 2.8 | 3.5

 Spinks | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

TgA-------------| 2W | 125 | 42 | 45 | 4.0 | 4.5

 Tioga | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

TnA-------------| 3W | 125 | 40 | 45 | 4.5 | 4.8

 Toledo | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ToA-------------| 3W | 120 | 38 | 43 | 4.5 | 4.8

 Toledo | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

TpA-------------| 4W | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Toledo | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

TuA-------------| 1 | 125 | 42 | 55 | 4.2 | 4.5

 Tuscola | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

TuB-------------| 2E | 120 | 38 | 50 | 4.0 | 4.3

 Tuscola | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

UcB-------------| 4S | 80 | 28 | 35 | 3.0 | 3.5

 Udipsamments- | | | | | |

 Spinks | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

UdB. | | | | | |

 Udorthents | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WaB-------------| 2E | 85 | 25 | 45 | 3.5 | 3.8

 Wakeman | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WaC-------------| 3E | 80 | 23 | 40 | 3.5 | 3.5

 Wakeman | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

WeA-------------| 3W | 120 | 40 | 42 | 4.0 | 4.2

 Weyers | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ZuC2------------| 3E | 100 | 35 | 45 | 4.0 | 4.5

 Zurich | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ZuD2------------| 4E | --- | --- | --- | 3.6 | 4.2

 Zurich | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ZuE2------------| 6E | --- | --- | --- | 3.5 | 3.7

 Zurich | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

ZuF-------------| 7E | --- | --- | --- | 2.6 | ---

 Zurich | | | | | |

________________|___________|___________|___________|____________|_____________|____________
Erie County, Ohio 207

Table 6a.--Crop Yield Index

(Only the soils used as cropland are

 listed. See text for an explanation

 of the ratings in this table.)

___________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Yield index

____________________|______________________

 |

CmA: |

 Colwood------------| 100

 |

MhA: |

 Millgrove----------| 96

 |

MfA: |

 Milford------------| 91

 |

MeA: |

 Mermill------------| 89

 |

CnA: |

 Colwood------------| 87

 |

PcA: |

 Pewamo-------------| 87

 |

KbA: |

 Kibbie-------------| 87

 |

EcA: |

 Elliott------------| 87

 |

OgA: |

 Ogontz-------------| 83

 |

GdA: |

 Gilford------------| 82

 |

OmA: |

 Olmsted------------| 82

 |

PmA: |

 Plumbrook----------| 80

 |

TuA: |

 Tuscola------------| 80

 |

RcA: |

 Rawson-------------| 79

 |

NoA: |

 Nolin--------------| 78

 |

DeA: |

 Del Rey------------| 77

 |

AeA: |

 Algiers------------| 76

 |

TgA: |

 Tioga--------------| 76

 |

TnA: |

 Toledo-------------| 76

 |

OhB: |

 Ogontz-------------| 76

 |
208 Soil Survey

Table 6a.--Crop Yield Index--Continued

___________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Yield index

____________________|______________________

 |

TuB: |

 Tuscola------------| 75

 |

CaA: |

 Cardington---------| 75

 |

HkA: |

 Haskins------------| 74

 |

MmA: |

 Millsdale----------| 74

 |

BeA: |

 Bennington---------| 74

 |

BgA: |

 Bennington---------| 74

 |

ToA: |

 Toledo-------------| 73

 |

ShB: |

 Shinrock-----------| 73

 |

WeA: |

 Weyers-------------| 73

 |

OpA: |

 Orrville-----------| 72

 |

MrA: |

 Miner--------------| 72

 |

MsA: |

 Miner--------------| 72

 |

SaA: |

 Sandusky-----------| 72

 |

RcB: |

 Rawson-------------| 71

 |

JtA: |

 Jimtown------------| 70

 |

FtA: |

 Fulton-------------| 70

 |

BgB: |

 Bennington---------| 68

 |

BkA: |

 Bixler-------------| 68

 |

CaB: |

 Cardington---------| 68

 |

RaA: |

 Randolph-----------| 68

 |

RgA: |

 Rimer--------------| 68

 |

BdB: |

 Belmore------------| 67

 |
Erie County, Ohio 209

Table 6a.--Crop Yield Index--Continued

___________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Yield index

____________________|______________________

 |

ChB: |

 Chili--------------| 67

 |

FoB: |

 Fox----------------| 67

 |

ZuC2: |

 Zurich-------------| 65

 |

SkC2: |

 Shinrock-----------| 64

 |

HsA: |

 Hornell------------| 64

 |

BkB: |

 Bixler-------------| 64

 |

MnA: |

 Milton-------------| 63

 |

CoA: |

 Condit-------------| 63

 |

MxA: |

 Mitiwanga----------| 63

 |

MnB: |

 Milton-------------| 62

 |

MaA: |

 Mahoning-----------| 62

 |

DuA: |

 Dunbridge----------| 62

 |

CbC2: |

 Cardington---------| 62

 |

FrA: |

 Fries--------------| 61

 |

MaB: |

 Mahoning-----------| 60

 |

MxB: |

 Mitiwanga----------| 60

 |

HpB: |

 Hornell------------| 60

 |

EdB: |

 Ellsworth----------| 60

 |

OsB: |

 Oshtemo------------| 60

 |

HoA: |

 Holly--------------| 59

 |

EnA: |

 Elnora-------------| 59

 |

EoA: |

 Elnora-------------| 59

 |
210 Soil Survey

Table 6a.--Crop Yield Index--Continued

___________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Yield index

____________________|______________________

 |

HrB: |

 Hornell------------| 58

 |

AkA: |

 Allis--------------| 56

 |

DuB: |

 Dunbridge----------| 56

 |

CtB: |

 Conotton-----------| 56

 |

WaB: |

 Wakeman------------| 56

 |

EdC2: |

 Ellsworth----------| 56

 |

SpB: |

 Spinks------------ | 56

 |

OrA: |

 Orrville-----------| 54

 |

JoA: |

 Joliet-------------| 53

 |

RhA: |

 Ritchey------------| 53

 |

WaC: |

 Wakeman------------| 52

 |

HdA: |

 Harrod-------------| 50

 |

OaB: |

 Oakville-----------| 49

 |

DdB: |

 Dekalb-------------| 49

 |

CuC: |

 Conotton-----------| 46

 |

RhB: |

 Ritchey------------| 46

 |

RhC: |

 Ritchey------------| 45

 |

UcB: |

 Udipsamments- |

 Spinks------------| 40

____________________|______________________
Erie County, Ohio 211

Table 6b.--Hay and Pasture Yield Index

(Only the soils used for hay and pasture

 are listed. They are ranked on

 combined yields for bluegrass-ladino

 pasture and orchardgrass-alfalfa hay.

 These soils are not used as cropland.)

___________________________________________

 |

 Map symbol | Yield index

____________________|______________________

 |

ZuD2: |

 Zurich-------------| 7.8

 |

SkD2: |

 Shinrock-----------| 7.8

 |

AmD2: |

 Amanda-------------| 7.6

 |

ZuE2: |

 Zurich-------------| 7.2

 |

SpD: |

 Spinks-------------| 6.3

 |

CcA: |

 Castalia-----------| 5.3

 |

DdD: |

 Dekalb-------------| 5.1

 |

CcB: |

 Castalia-----------| 4.8

 |

CcD: |

 Castalia-----------| 4.3

 |

MbB: |

 Marblehead---------| 4.0

____________________|______________________
212 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards

(Only the soils suited to cropland are included in this table. See text

 for a description of the limitations and hazards listed in this

 table and the specific criteria used to generate the listings.)

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

AeA: |

 Algiers------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

AkA: |

 Allis--------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

AmD2: |

 Amanda-------------------|Easily eroded

 |Slope

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Fair tilth

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

BdB: |

 Belmore------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

BeA: |

 Bennington---------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

BgA: |

 Bennington---------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

BgB: |

 Bennington---------------|Easily eroded

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

BkA: |

 Bixler-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |Wind erosion

 |
Erie County, Ohio 213

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

BkB: |

 Bixler-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |Wind erosion

CaA: |

 Cardington---------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

CaB: |

 Cardington---------------|Easily eroded

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

CbC2: |

 Cardington---------------|Easily eroded

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

CcA: |

 Castalia-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Surface rock fragments

 |

CcB: |

 Castalia-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Surface rock fragments

 |

CcD: |

 Castalia-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Surface rock fragments

 |Slope

ChB: |

 Chili--------------------|Moderate potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

CmA: |

 Colwood------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Frost heave

 |
214 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

CnA: |

 Colwood------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Frost heave

 |

CoA: |

 Condit-------------------|Ponding

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

CtB: |

 Conotton-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

CuC: |

 Conotton-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

DbB: |

 Dekalb-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

DbD: |

 Dekalb-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Slope

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

DeA: |

 Del Rey------------------|Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

DuA: |

 Dunbridge----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

DuB: |

 Dunbridge----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

 |
Erie County, Ohio 215

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

EcA: |

 Elliott------------------|Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Frost heave

 |

EdB: |

 Ellsworth----------------|Easily eroded

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

EdC2: |

 Ellsworth----------------|Easily eroded

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |Root-restricting layer

EnA: |

 Elnora-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Wind erosion

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

EoA: |

 Elnora-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Wind erosion

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

FoB: |

 Fox----------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

FrA: |

 Fries--------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |

FuA: |

 Fulton-------------------|Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

GdA: |

 Gilford------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Frost heave

 |
216 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

HdA: |

 Harrod-------------------|Frequent flooding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Frost heave

 |

HkA: |

 Haskins------------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

HoA: |

 Holly--------------------|Occasional flooding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Frost heave

 |

HpB: |

 Hornell------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

HrB: |

 Hornell------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

HsA: |

 Hornell------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

JtA: |

 Jimtown------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

JuA: |

 Joliet-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Frost heave

 |
Erie County, Ohio 217

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

KbA: |

 Kibbie-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Frost heave

 |

MaA: |

 Mahoning-----------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

MaB: |

 Mahoning-----------------|Easily eroded

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

MbB: |

 Marblehead---------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |

MeA: |

 Mermill------------------|Ponding

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

MfA: |

 Milford------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Poor tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

MgA: |

 Millgrove----------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Frost heave

 |

MmA: |

 Millsdale----------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

MnA: |

 Milton-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |
218 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

MnB: |

 Milton-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

MrA: |

 Miner--------------------|Ponding

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

MsA: |

 Miner--------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

MxA: |

 Mitiwanga----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

MxB: |

 Mitiwanga----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

NoA: |

 Nolin--------------------|Occasional flooding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

OaB: |

 Oakville-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

OgA: |

 Ogontz-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |
Erie County, Ohio 219

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

OhB: |

 Ogontz-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

OmA: |

 Olmsted------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Frost heave

 |

OpA: |

 Orrville-----------------|Occasional flooding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

OrA: |

 Orrville-----------------|Frequent flooding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

OsB: |

 Oshtemo------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

PcA: |

 Pewamo-------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

PmA: |

 Plumbrook----------------|Seasonal high water table

 |Frost heave

 |

RaA: |

 Randolph-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

RcA: |

 Rawson-------------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

RcB: |

 Rawson-------------------|Root-restricting layer

 |Limited organic matter content

 |
220 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

RgA: |

 Rimer--------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Root-restricting layer

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |Wind erosion

RhA: |

 Ritchey------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

RhB: |

 Ritchey------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

RhC: |

 Ritchey------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

SaA: |

 Sandusky-----------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Frost heave

 |

ShB: |

 Shinrock-----------------|Easily eroded

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

SkC2: |

 Shinrock-----------------|Easily eroded

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

SkD2: |

 Shinrock-----------------|Easily eroded

 |Slope

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |
Erie County, Ohio 221

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

SpB: |

 Spinks-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

 |

SpD: |

 Spinks-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Slope

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

 |

TgA: |

 Tioga--------------------|Occasional flooding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

TnA: |

 Toledo-------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

ToA: |

 Toledo-------------------|Ponding

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Poor tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

TpA: |

 Toledo-------------------|Ponding for extended periods

 |High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Surface compaction

 |Poor tilth

 |Frost heave

 |

TuA: |

 Tuscola------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

TuB: |

 Tuscola------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Excessive permeability

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

UcB: |

 Udipsamments. |

 |

 Spinks-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Excessive permeability

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Wind erosion

 |
222 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Main Cropland Limitations and Hazards--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name and map symbol | Cropland limitations and hazards

__________________________|______________________________________________

 |

WaB: |

 Wakeman------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

WaC: |

 Wakeman------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Limited available water capacity

 |Depth to rock

 |Limited organic matter content

 |

WeA: |

 Weyers-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Seasonal high water table

 |Surface compaction

 |Frost heave

 |

ZuC2: |

 Zurich-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

ZuD2: |

 Zurich-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Slope

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

 |

ZuE2: |

 Zurich-------------------|High potential for ground-water pollution

 |Easily eroded

 |Slope

 |Part of surface layer removed

 |Surface compaction

 |Fair tilth

 |Surface crusting

 |Limited organic matter content

 |Frost heave

__________________________|______________________________________________
Erie County, Ohio 223

Table 8.--Capability Classes and Subclasses

(Miscellaneous areas are excluded. Absence of an entry

 indicates no acreage.)

_________________________________________________________

 | Major management concerns (Subclass)

 |_______________________________________________

 | | | | Soil

 Class | Total | Erosion | Wetness | problems

 | acreage | (E) | (W) | (S)

_________|_________|____________|____________|___________

 | Acres | Acres | Acres | Acres

 | | | |

 | | | |

 I | 4,265 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

 II | 98,534 | 13,041 | 83,601 | 1,892

 | | | |

 III | 41,583 | 4,366 | 26,762 | 10,455

 | | | |

 IV | 10,565 | 3,373 | 6,250 | 942

 | | | |

 V | 26 | --- | 26 | ---

 | | | |

 VI | 1,079 | 274 | --- | 805

 | | | |

 VII | 3,024 | 3,024 | --- | ---

 | | | |

 VIII | --- | --- | --- | ---

_________|_________|____________|____________|___________
224 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the

 conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol|

______|_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

AeA |Algiers silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

BdB |Belmore loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

BeA |Bennington loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

BgA |Bennington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

BgB |Bennington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (where drained)

BkA |Bixler loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

BkB |Bixler loamy fine sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes (where drained)

CaA |Cardington silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

CaB |Cardington silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

ChB |Chili loam, loamy substratum, 2 to 6 percent slopes

CmA |Colwood loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

CnA |Colwood silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

CoA |Condit silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

CtB |Conotton loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

DeA |Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

DuA |Dunbridge loamy sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes

DuB |Dunbridge loamy sand, 2 to 6 percent slopes

EcA |Elliott silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

EdB |Ellsworth silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

FoB |Fox loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

FrA |Fries silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

FuA |Fulton silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

GdA |Gilford fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

HdA |Harrod silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where protected from flooding or not

 | frequently flooded during the growing season)

HkA |Haskins loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

HoA |Holly silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where drained)

HpB |Hornell loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (where drained)

HrB |Hornell silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (where drained)

HsA |Hornell silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

JtA |Jimtown loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

JuA |Joliet silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

KbA |Kibbie fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

MaA |Mahoning silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

MaB |Mahoning silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (where drained)

MeA |Mermill silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

MfA |Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

MgA |Millgrove loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

MmA |Millsdale silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

MnA |Milton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

MnB |Milton silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

MrA |Miner silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

MsA |Miner silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

MxA |Mitiwanga silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

MxB |Mitiwanga silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes (where drained)

NoA |Nolin silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

OgA |Ogontz fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

OhB |Ogontz silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

OmA |Olmsted loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

OpA |Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded (where

 | drained)

OrA |Orrville silt loam, bedrock substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained

 | and either protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

OsB |Oshtemo loamy sand, 0 to 6 percent slopes

PcA |Pewamo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

PmA |Plumbrook fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

RaA |Randolph silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

RcA |Rawson sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

RcB |Rawson sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

RgA |Rimer loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

 |
Erie County, Ohio 225

Table 9.--Prime Farmland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol|

______|_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

SaA |Sandusky loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

ShB |Shinrock silt loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

TgA |Tioga loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded

TnA |Toledo silty clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

ToA |Toledo silty clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

TuA |Tuscola fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

TuB |Tuscola fine sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

WaB |Wakeman sandy loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes

WeA |Weyers silt loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (where drained)

______|_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity (Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | AaA: | | | | | | | | | | Adrian------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black willow--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Silver maple--------| 76 | 29 | | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 51 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | AeA: | | | | | | | | | | Algiers-----------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 76 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Yellow poplar-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | AkA: | | | | | | | | | | Allis-------------------| 2W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Eastern white pine--| 55 | 86 | | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AmD2: | | | | | | | | | | Amanda------------------| 5R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 87 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | AnG: | | | | | | | | | | Amanda------------------| 5R |Severe |Severe |Severe |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 87 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Dekalb------------------| 2R |Severe |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Northern red oak----| 57 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | BdB: | | | | | | | | | | Belmore-----------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | | Bennington--------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Austrian pine-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black cherry--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | BgA: | | | | | | | | | | Bennington--------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Austrian pine-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black cherry--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | BgB: | | | | | | | | | | Bennington--------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Austrian pine-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black cherry--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | BkA: | | | | | | | | | | Bixler------------------| 4S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Black oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Bur oak-------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | BkB: | | | | | | | | | | Bixler------------------| 4S |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Black oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Bur oak-------------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Quaking aspen-------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | BvG: | | | | | | | | | | Brecksville-------------| 4R |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 65 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | | Cardington--------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | | | | | | Cardington--------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CbC2: | | | | | | | | | | Cardington--------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | CcA: | | | | | | | | | | Castalia----------------| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black oak-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Scarlet oak---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CcB: | | | | | | | | | | Castalia----------------| 2D |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black oak-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Scarlet oak---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CcD: | | | | | | | | | | Castalia----------------| 2R |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black oak-----------| 50 | 29 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Scarlet oak---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | ChB: | | | | | | | | | | Chili-------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | CmA: | | | | | | | | | | Colwood-----------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 | | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 90 | 72 | | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CnA: | | | | | | | | | | Colwood-----------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 | | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 90 | 72 | | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | CoA: | | | | | | | | | | Condit------------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | | | | Conotton----------------| 4F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Scarlet oak---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | CuC: | | | | | | | | | | Conotton----------------| 4F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Scarlet oak---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | DbB: | | | | | | | | | | Dekalb------------------| 3F |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Northern red oak----| 57 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DbD: | | | | | | | | | | Dekalb------------------| 2R |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Northern red oak----| 52 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DeA: | | | | | | | | | | Del Rey-----------------| 4C |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Bur oak-------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  | |____________________________________________|___________________________________ Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |  soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood  | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac | | | | | | | | | DuA: | | | | | | | | |  Dunbridge---------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57  | | | | | | | | | DuB: | | | | | | | | |  Dunbridge---------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57  | | | | | | | | | EdB: | | | | | | | | |  Ellsworth---------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 80 | 72  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57  | | | | | | | | | EdC2: | | | | | | | | |  Ellsworth---------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 80 | 72  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 57  | | | | | | | | | EnA: | | | | | | | | |  Elnora------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Eastern white pine--| 65 | 114  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 43  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 55 | 29  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | EoA: | | | | | | | | | | Elnora------------------| 3S |Slight |Slight |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Eastern white pine--| 65 | 114 | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 60 | 43 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 55 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | FoB: | | | | | | | | | | Fox---------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | FrA: | | | | | | | | | | Fries-------------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |FuA: | | | | | | | | | | Fulton------------------| 4C |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |American beech------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black cherry--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |GdA: | | | | | | | | | | Gilford-----------------| 4W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Eastern white pine--| 55 | 100 | | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |HdA: | | | | | | | | | | Harrod------------------| 5D |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Green ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | HkA: | | | | | | | | | | Haskins-----------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | | | | | HoA: | | | | | | | | | | Holly-------------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |HpB: | | | | | | | | | | Hornell-----------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 70 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |HrB: | | | | | | | | | | Hornell-----------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 70 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |HsA: | | | | | | | | | | Hornell-----------------| 3W |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 60 | 43 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 70 | 29 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |JtA: | | | | | | | | | | Jimtown-----------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | KbA: | | | | | | | | | | Kibbie------------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 | | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | | | | | | Mahoning----------------| 5C |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 88 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | | | | | | Mahoning----------------| 5C |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 88 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | MbB: | | | | | | | | | | Marblehead--------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Severe |Severe |Slight |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black oak-----------| 45 | 29 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Scarlet oak---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | | | | | | Mermill-----------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 90 | 72 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MgA: | | | | | | | | | | Millgrove---------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | MmA: | | | | | | | | | | Millsdale---------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | MnA: | | | | | | | | | | Milton------------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 95 | 100 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |MnB: | | | | | | | | | | Milton------------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 95 | 100 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |MrA: | | | | | | | | | | Miner-------------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |MsA: | | | | | | | | | | Miner-------------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | | Mitiwanga---------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MxB: | | | | | | | | | | Mitiwanga---------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | | | | | | Nolin-------------------| 8A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |American sycamore---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Cherrybark oak------| 97 | 143 |  | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |River birch---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Sweetgum------------| 92 | 114 |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 107 | 114 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OaB: | | | | | | | | | | Oakville----------------| 4S |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Eastern white pine--| 85 | 200 | | | | | | | |Red pine------------| 78 | 143 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 70 | 72 | | | | | | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | | | | | | Ogontz------------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 96 | 100 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | OhB: | | | | | | | | | | Ogontz------------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 96 | 100 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OmA: | | | | | | | | | | Olmstead----------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |OpA: | | | | | | | | | | Orrville----------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Moderate |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 90 | 86 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |OrA: | | | | | | | | | | Orrville----------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 85 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 90 | 86 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |OsB: | | | | | | | | | | Oshtemo-----------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Severe |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity  | |____________________________________________|___________________________________ Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | |  soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood  | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________ | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac | | | | | | | | | PcA: | | | | | | | | |  Pewamo------------------| 5W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Eastern cottonwood--| 98 | 129  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 71 | 43  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 71 | 72  | | | | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | | | | |  Randolph----------------| 4D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 90 | 57  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 85 | 86  | | | | | | | | | RcA: | | | | | | | | |  Rawson------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57  | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | RcB: | | | | | | | | |  Rawson------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57  | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | RgA: | | | | | | | | |  Rimer-------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Black oak-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Bur oak-------------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | ---  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 75 | 57  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | RhA: | | | | | | | | | | Ritchey-----------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Bur oak-------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern redcedar----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 50 | 29 | RhB: | | | | | | | | | | Ritchey-----------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Bur oak-------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern redcedar----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | | | | | RhC: | | | | | | | | | | Ritchey-----------------| 2D |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Bur oak-------------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Eastern redcedar----| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 50 | 29 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 50 | 29 | SaA: | | | | | | | | | | Sandusky----------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |American sycamore---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black willow--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| 80 | 86 |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 74 | 43 |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 64 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SbF: | | | | | | | | | | Saylesville-------------| 4R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | | | | Shinrock----------------| 4C |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | SkC2: | | | | | | | | | | Shinrock----------------| 4C |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | SkD2: | | | | | | | | | | Shinrock----------------| 4R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |Black cherry--------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Slippery elm--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | | | | | | Spinks------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | SpD: | | | | | | | | | | Spinks------------------| 4R |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | TgA: | | | | | | | | | | Tioga-------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 67 | 43 |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| 85 | 86 |  | | | | | | | | | | TnA: | | | | | | | | | | Toledo------------------| 4W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |ToA: | | | | | | | | | | Toledo------------------| 4W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Pin oak-------------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | TuA: | | | | | | | | | | Tuscola-----------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | TuB: | | | | | | | | | | Tuscola-----------------| 5A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |American basswood---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black walnut--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Northern red oak----| 86 | 72 |  | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Tuliptree-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | UcB: | | | | | | | | | | Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Spinks------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | | | | | | Wakeman-----------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 73 | 43 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | | | | | | Wakeman-----------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Northern red oak----| 70 | 57 | | | | | | | |Sugar maple---------| 73 | 43 |  | | | | | | |White ash-----------| 75 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WeA: | | | | | | | | | | Weyers------------------| 3W |Slight |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |American sycamore---| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Black willow--------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Eastern cottonwood--| 80 | 86 |  | | | | | | |Green ash-----------| --- | --- |  | | | | | | |Red maple-----------| 74 | 43 |  | | | | | | |Swamp white oak-----| 64 | 43 |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 10.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Management concerns | Potential productivity | | |____________________________________________|___________________________________| Map symbol and |Ordi- | | Equip- | | | | | | | soil name |nation|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site | Volume |  |symbol| hazard |limita- |mortal- | throw |competi-| |index|of wood | | | | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | fiber | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________| | | | | | | | | |cu ft/ac| | | | | | | | | | | ZuC2: | | | | | | | | | | Zurich------------------| 4A |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuD2: | | | | | | | | | | Zurich------------------| 4R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuE2: | | | | | | | | | | Zurich------------------| 4R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuF: | | | | | | | | | | Zurich------------------| 4R |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Severe |Northern red oak----| 80 | 57 | | | | | | | |White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | _________________________|______|________|________|________|________|________|____________________|_____|________|
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings (Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | AeA: | | | | | Algiers-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Norway spruce, | --- |P | | American | Washington | |  | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Austrian | | | | | pine, northern | | | | | white-cedar, white | | | | | fir | | | | | | | AkA: | | | | | Allis-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Norway spruce, | --- |E | | American | Washington | |  | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, white | | | | | fir, Austrian pine,| | | | | eastern white pine,| | | | | northern white- | | | | | cedar | | | | | | | AmD2: | | | | | Amanda------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |P | | American | blue spruce, | Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, white fir | | | | | | | AnG: | | | | | Amanda------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |P | | American | blue spruce, | Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, white fir | | | | | | | Dekalb------------------|Siberian peashrub |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, red | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | pine, eastern white| | | | Japanese tree | pine | | | | lilac, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | BdB: | | | | | Belmore-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |Eastern white pine |  | | radiant crabapple, | eastern redcedar | | | | Japanese tree lilac| | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | Bennington--------------| --- |American |Osageorange, |Pin oak, eastern |  | | cranberrybush, | Austrian pine, | white pine | | | arrowwood, | eastern redcedar, | | | | Washington hawthorn| green ash | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | BgA: | | | | | Bennington--------------| --- |American |Osageorange, |Pin oak, eastern |  | | cranberrybush, | Austrian pine, | white pine | | | arrowwood, | eastern redcedar, | | | | Washington hawthorn| green ash | | | | | | | BgB: | | | | | Bennington--------------| --- |American |Osageorange, |Pin oak, eastern |  | | cranberrybush, | Austrian pine, | white pine | | | arrowwood, | eastern redcedar, | | | | Washington hawthorn| green ash | | | | | | | BkA: | | | | | Bixler------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | BkB: | | | | | Bixler------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | BvG: | | | | | Brecksville-------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Red pine |Austrian pine, |  | | eastern redcedar, | | eastern white pine | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | Cardington--------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Washington | | | | | hawthorn | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | Cardington--------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Norway spruce |P | | American | cedar, Washington | |  | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | CbC2: | | | | | Cardington--------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Norway spruce |P | | American | cedar, Austrian | |  | | cranberrybush | pine, Washington | | | | | hawthorn | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | ChB: | | | | | Chili-------------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Red pine, Austrian | --- |  | | radiant crabapple, | pine, eastern white| | | | Washington | pine | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | CmA: | | | | | Colwood-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Eastern white pine |P | | American | cedar, Austrian | | | | cranberrybush | pine, Washington | | | | | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, white fir | | | | | | | CnA: | | | | | Colwood-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Eastern white pine |P | | American | cedar, Austrian | | | | cranberrybush | pine, Washington | | | | | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, white fir | | | | | | | CoA: | | | | | Condit------------------| --- |American |Norway spruce, |Eastern white pine |P | | cranberrybush, | Washington | | | | silky dogwood | hawthorn, northern | | | | | white-cedar, | | | | | Austrian pine, | | | | | white fir | | CtB: | | | | | Conotton----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Red pine, Austrian | --- |  | | radiant crabapple, | pine, eastern white| | | | Washington | pine | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | CuC: | | | | | Conotton----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Red pine, Austrian | --- |  | | Washington | pine, eastern white| | | | hawthorn, eastern | pine | | | | redcedar, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | DbB: | | | | | Dekalb------------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Red pine, Austrian | --- |  | | Washington | pine, eastern white| | | | hawthorn, eastern | pine | | | | redcedar, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | DbD: | | | | | Dekalb------------------|Siberian peashrub |Washington hawthorn,|Red pine, Austrian | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | pine, eastern white| | | | Japanese tree | pine | | | | lilac, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | DeA: | | | | | Del Rey-----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | | | | arrowwood, eastern | | | | | redcedar, | | | | | Washington hawthorn| | | | | | | | DuA: | | | | | Dunbridge---------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | radiant crabapple, | red pine, Austrian | | | | Washington | pine | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | DuB: | | | | | Dunbridge---------------|Siberian peashrub |Washington hawthorn,|Red pine, Austrian | --- |  | | radiant crabapple, | pine, eastern white| | | | Japanese tree | pine | | | | lilac, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | EdB: | | | | | Ellsworth---------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | EdC2: | | | | | Ellsworth---------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | EnA: | | | | | Elnora------------------| --- |American |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | cranberrybush, | northern white- | |  | | silky dogwood | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | EoA: | | | | | Elnora------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Norway spruce |P | | American | cedar, Washington | |  | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | FoB: | | | | | Fox---------------------|Siberian peashrub |Eastern redcedar, |Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | radiant crabapple | Austrian pine, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, red pine | | FrA: | | | | | Fries-------------------| --- |Eastern redcedar, |White fir, Austrian |Eastern white pine |P | | silky dogwood, | pine, Washington | | | | American | hawthorn, Norway | | | | cranberrybush | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | FuA: | | | | | Fulton------------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | GdA: | | | | | Gilford-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Eastern white pine |P | | American | cedar, Austrian | | | | cranberrybush | pine, Washington | | | | | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, white fir | | | | | | | HdA: | | | | | Harrod------------------| --- |American |Northern white- |Eastern white pine |P | | cranberrybush, | cedar, Austrian | | | | silky dogwood | pine, Washington | | | | | hawthorn | | | | | | | HkA: | | | | | Haskins-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | HoA: | | | | | Holly-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |White fir, Austrian |Eastern white pine |P | | American | pine, Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | HpB: | | | | | Hornell-----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, common |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | hackberry, Austrian| | | | arrowwood, eastern | pine | | | | redcedar, | | | | | Washington hawthorn| | | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | Hornell-----------------| --- |American |Austrian pine, |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | osageorange, common| | | | arrowwood, | hackberry | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | HsA: | | | | | Hornell-----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, common |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | hackberry, Austrian| | | | arrowwood, | pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | JtA: | | | | | Jimtown-----------------| --- |American |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | cranberrybush, | northern white- | |  | | silky dogwood | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | KbA: | | | | | Kibbie------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | Mahoning----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | | | | arrowwood, eastern | | | | | redcedar, | | | | | Washington hawthorn| | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | MaB: | | | | | Mahoning----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | Mermill-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Austrian pine, |Eastern white pine |P | | American | Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, northern | | | | | white-cedar, Norway| | | | | spruce, white fir | | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | Milford-----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Eastern white pine |P | | American | Norway spruce, | | | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine, white fir | | | | | | | MgA: | | | | | Millgrove---------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |White fir, Austrian |Eastern white pine |P | | American | pine, Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | MmA: | | | | | Millsdale---------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |White fir, Austrian |Eastern white pine |  | | American | pine, Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | MnA: | | | | | Milton------------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | Austrian pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | MnB: | | | | | Milton------------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | Austrian pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | MrA: | | | | | Miner-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |White fir, Austrian |Eastern white pine |P | | American | pine, Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | Miner-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |White fir, Austrian |Eastern white pine |P | | American | pine, Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, blue | | | | | spruce, Norway | | | | | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | Mitiwanga---------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | MxB: | | | | | Mitiwanga---------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | Nolin-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, white fir, | | | | | Austrian pine, blue| | | | | spruce | | | | | | | OaB: | | | | | Oakville----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Red pine, Austrian |Eastern white pine |  | | radiant crabapple, | pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | Ogontz------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Blue spruce, |Norway spruce |P | | American | Austrian pine, | |  | | cranberrybush | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, northern | | | | | white-cedar, white | | | | | fir | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | OhB: | | | | | Ogontz------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Blue spruce, |Norway spruce |P | | American | Austrian pine, | |  | | cranberrybush | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, northern | | | | | white-cedar, white | | | | | fir | | | | | | | OmA: | | | | | Olmstead----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Blue spruce, white |Eastern white pine |P | | American | fir, Austrian pine,| | | | cranberrybush | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, Norway | | | | | spruce, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | OpA: | | | | | Orrville----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | OrA: | | | | | Orrville----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | OsB: | | | | | Oshtemo-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Green ash, eastern |Norway spruce, |  | | nannyberry, Roselow| redcedar, red pine | eastern white pine | | | sargent crabapple, | | | | | silky dogwood | | | | | | | | PcA: | | | | | Pewamo------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Austrian pine, |Eastern white pine |P | | American | Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, northern | | | | | white-cedar, Norway| | | | | spruce, white fir | | | | | | | PmA: | | | | | Plumbrook---------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | RaA: | | | | | Randolph----------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | RcA: | | | | | Rawson------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | RcB: | | | | | Rawson------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | RgA: | | | | | Rimer-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Norway spruce |P | | American | northern white- | |  | | cranberrybush | cedar, Austrian | | | | | pine | | | | | | | RhA: | | | | | Ritchey-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | Austrian pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | RhB: | | | | | Ritchey-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | Austrian pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | RhC: | | | | | Ritchey-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Eastern white pine, | --- |  | | eastern redcedar, | Austrian pine | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | SaA: | | | | | Sandusky----------------| --- |Nannyberry, |Eastern redcedar, |Black willow |  | | Washington hawthorn| osageorange, white | | | | | spruce, green ash, | | | | | northern white- | | | | | cedar | | | | | | | SbF: | | | | | Saylesville-------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Austrian pine, |P | | American | cedar, blue spruce,| Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, white fir| | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | Shinrock----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak, eastern |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | white pine | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | SkC2: | | | | | Shinrock----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak, eastern |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | white pine | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | SkD2: | | | | | Shinrock----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, green |Pin oak, eastern |  | | cranberrybush, | ash, Austrian pine | white pine | | | arrowwood, | | | | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | Spinks------------------| --- |American |Eastern redcedar, |Eastern white pine, |  | | cranberrybush, | Austrian pine, | Norway spruce | | | Washington hawthorn| northern white- | | | | | cedar, osageorange | | | | | | | SpD: | | | | | Spinks------------------| --- |Washington hawthorn,|Eastern redcedar, |Eastern white pine, |  | | American | Austrian pine, | Norway spruce | | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, osageorange | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | TgA: | | | | | Tioga-------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Northern white- |Norway spruce |P | | American | cedar, Austrian | |  | | cranberrybush | pine, Washington | | | | | hawthorn, white fir| | | | | | | TnA: | | | | | Toledo------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Austrian pine, | --- |P | | American | Washington | | | | cranberrybush | hawthorn, northern | | | | | white-cedar, Norway| | | | | spruce, white fir | | | | | | | ToA: | | | | | Toledo------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Austrian pine, | --- |P | | American | northern white- | | | | cranberrybush | cedar, white fir, | | | | | Norway spruce, | | | | | Washington hawthorn| | | | | | | TuA: | | | | | Tuscola-----------------| --- |American |Osageorange, eastern|Norway spruce, |  | | cranberrybush, | redcedar, Austrian | eastern white pine | | | Washington hawthorn| pine, northern | | | | | white-cedar | | | | | | | TuB: | | | | | Tuscola-----------------| --- |American |Northern white- |Norway spruce, |  | | cranberrybush, | cedar, eastern | eastern white pine | | | Washington hawthorn| redcedar, Austrian | | | | | pine, osageorange | | | | | | | UcB: | | | | | Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Spinks------------------| --- |Washington hawthorn,|Eastern redcedar, |Eastern white pine, |  | | American | Austrian pine, | Norway spruce | | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, osageorange | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | Wakeman-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Austrian pine |Eastern white pine |  | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | |
Table 11.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |_____________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_ | | | | | WaC: | | | | | Wakeman-----------------|Siberian peashrub |Japanese tree lilac,|Austrian pine |Eastern white pine |  | | Washington | | | | | hawthorn, eastern | | | | | redcedar, radiant | | | | | crabapple | | | | | | | | WeA: | | | | | Weyers------------------| --- |Washington hawthorn,|White spruce, |Green ash, black |  | | eastern redcedar, | northern white- | willow | | | nannyberry | cedar, osageorange | | | | | | | ZuC2: | | | | | Zurich------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |P | | American | blue spruce, | Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, white fir | | | | | | | ZuD2: | | | | | Zurich------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |P | | American | blue spruce, | Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, white fir | | | | | | | ZuE2: | | | | | Zurich------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |P | | American | blue spruce, | Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, white fir | | | | | | | ZuF: | | | | | Zurich------------------| --- |Silky dogwood, |Washington hawthorn,|Austrian pine, |P | | American | blue spruce, | Norway spruce |  | | cranberrybush | northern white- | | | | | cedar, white fir | | _________________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|____________________|_
256 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AaA: | | | | |

 Adrian-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

AeA: | | | | |

 Algiers----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

AkA: | | | | |

 Allis------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Amanda-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

AnG: | | | | |

 Amanda-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BdB: | | | | |

 Belmore----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

BeA: | | | | |

 Bennington-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

BgA: | | | | |

 Bennington-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

BgB: | | | | |

 Bennington-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

BkA: | | | | |

 Bixler-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | too sandy | droughty

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

BkB: | | | | |

 Bixler-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 257

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

BvG: | | | | |

 Brecksville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |

CaA: | | | | |

 Cardington-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

CaB: | | | | |

 Cardington-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | |

 Cardington-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | slope | slope | | | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

CcA: | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | small stones | large stones

 | | | | |

CcB: | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | small stones | large stones

 | | | | |

CcD: | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | small stones | large stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | slope

 | | | | |

ChB: | | | | |

 Chili------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | slope | | droughty

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

CmA: | | | | |

 Colwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

CnA: | | | | |

 Colwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

CoA: | | | | |

 Condit-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

CtB: | | | | |

 Conotton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

CuC: | | | | |

 Conotton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | slope | | small stones

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

DbB: | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | large stones | small stones

 | | | | |
258 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

DbD: | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | large stones | slope

 | | | small stones | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

DeA: | | | | |

 Del Rey----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

DuA: | | | | |

 Dunbridge--------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

DuB: | | | | |

 Dunbridge--------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

EcA: | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

EdB: | | | | |

 Ellsworth--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | |

 Ellsworth--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes easily | slope

 | | | slope | | wetness

 | | | | |

EnA: | | | | |

 Elnora-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | too sandy | wetness | droughty

 | | | wetness | |

EoA: | | | | |

 Elnora-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | too sandy | wetness | droughty

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

EsA: | | | | |

 Endoaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

FnA: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

FoB: | | | | |

 Fox--------------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

FrA: | | | | |

 Fries------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

FuA: | | | | |

 Fulton-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 259

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

GdA: | | | | |

 Gilford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

HdA: | | | | |

 Harrod-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | |

HkA: | | | | |

 Haskins----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HoA: | | | | |

 Holly------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | wetness | wetness | flooding

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

HpB: | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HrB: | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HsA: | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

JtA: | | | | |

 Jimtown----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

JuA: | | | | |

 Joliet-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

KbA: | | | | |

 Kibbie-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

MaA: | | | | |

 Mahoning---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

MaB: | | | | |

 Mahoning---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

MbB: | | | | |

 Marblehead-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | small stones | | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |
260 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

MeA: | | | | |

 Mermill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

MfA: | | | | |

 Milford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MgA: | | | | |

 Millgrove--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MmA: | | | | |

 Millsdale--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MnA: | | | | |

 Milton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

MnB: | | | | |

 Milton-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | | depth to rock

 | | | slope | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

MrA: | | | | |

 Miner------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MsA: | | | | |

 Miner------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MxA: | | | | |

 Mitiwanga--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

MxB: | | | | |

 Mitiwanga--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

NoA: | | | | |

 Nolin------------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | |

OaB: | | | | |

 Oakville---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

OgA: | | | | |

 Ogontz-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

OhB: | | | | |

 Ogontz-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

OmA: | | | | |

 Olmstead---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 261

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

OpA: | | | | |

 Orrville---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding | wetness | wetness | wetness | flooding

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

OrA: | | | | |

 Orrville---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

OsB: | | | | |

 Oshtemo----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

PcA: | | | | |

 Pewamo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

PmA: | | | | |

 Plumbrook--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

RaA: | | | | |

 Randolph---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RcA: | | | | |

 Rawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | | |

RcB: | | | | |

 Rawson-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | | |

RgA: | | | | |

 Rimer------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too sandy | wetness

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | droughty

 | | | | |

RhA: | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RhB: | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RhC: | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | erodes easily | depth to rock

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

SaA: | | | | |

 Sandusky---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

SbF: | | | | |

 Saylesville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

 | | | | |
262 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

SpB: | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

SpD: | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | too sandy |

TgA: | | | | |

 Tioga------------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | |

TnA: | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

ToA: | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

TpA: | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

TuA: | | | | |

 Tuscola----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

TuB: | | | | |

 Tuscola----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | slope | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

UcB: | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | too sandy | too sandy | slope | too sandy | droughty

 | | | too sandy | |

 | | | | |

WaB: | | | | |

 Wakeman----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | | | slope | | depth to rock

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 263

Table 12.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

WaC: | | | | |

 Wakeman----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

WeA: | | | | |

 Weyers-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | slope |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
264 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | | |

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adrian----------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

AeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Algiers---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

AkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Allis-----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Amanda----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

AnG: | | | | | | | | | |

 Amanda----------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb----------|Very |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Belmore---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

BgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

BgB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Fair |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bixler----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

BkB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bixler----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Fair |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

BvG: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brecksville-----|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia--------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 265

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | | |

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

CcB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia--------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CcD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia--------|Very |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Very |Poor |Very |Very

 | poor | | | poor | poor | | poor | | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ChB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chili-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colwood---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

CnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colwood---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

CoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Condit----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Conotton--------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

CuC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Conotton--------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb----------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Good |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DbD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Del Rey---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

DuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dunbridge-------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

DuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dunbridge-------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

EdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ellsworth-------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ellsworth-------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elnora----------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
266 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | | |

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

EoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elnora----------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

EsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Endoaquents-----|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | | | poor | poor |

FnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | | | poor | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | |

FoB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fox-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

FrA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fries-----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

FuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fulton----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

GdA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Gilford---------|Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

HdA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harrod----------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

HkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Haskins---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

HoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Holly-----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

HpB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | | | poor

HsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

JtA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Jimtown---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

JuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Joliet----------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

KbA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kibbie----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mahoning--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mahoning--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Marblehead------|Very |Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very |Very

 | poor | poor | | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 267

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | | |

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

MeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mermill---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Good |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford---------|Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millgrove-------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millsdale-------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

MnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milton----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MnB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milton----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

MrA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Miner-----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Miner-----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

MxA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

MxB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

NoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nolin-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

OaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Oakville--------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ogontz----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

OhB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ogontz----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

OmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Olmsted---------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

OpA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orrville--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

OrA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orrville--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

OsB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Oshtemo---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
268 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | | |

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

PcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pewamo----------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

PmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Plumbrook-------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Randolph--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

RcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rawson----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RcB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rawson----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rimer-----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey---------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Poor |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandusky--------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

SbF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Saylesville-----|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock--------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

SpD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tioga-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 269

Table 13.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | |

 and soil name | and |Grasses| herba-| Hard- | Conif-|Wetland|Shallow|Openland|Woodland|Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous| wood | erous|plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife

 | crops |legumes| plants| trees | plants| | areas | | |

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|________

 | | | | | | | | | |

TnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

ToA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

TpA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo----------|Very |Poor |Very |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good

 | poor | | poor | poor | poor | | | poor | poor |

 | | | | | | | | | |

TuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tuscola---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

TuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tuscola---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

UcB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks----------|Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wakeman---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wakeman---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

WeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Weyers----------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

_________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|________|________|_______
Table 14.--Building Site Development (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need f

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicate is applicable.) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | AaA: | | | | |  Adrian------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | excess humus | subsides | subsides | subsides | frost actio | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | subsides  | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding  | | | | | AeA: | | | | |  Algiers-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengtAkA: | | | | |  Allis-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness  | | | | | AmD2: | | | | |  Amanda------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | | AnG: | | | | |  Amanda------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | |  Dekalb------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | |  | | | | | BdB: | | | | |  Belmore-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | | | | slope |  | | | | | BeA: | | | | |  Bennington--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | BgA: | | | | |  Bennington--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | BgB: | | | | |  Bennington--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | BkA: | | | | |  Bixler------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | BkB: | | | | |  Bixler------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | wetness |  | | | | | BvG: | | | | |  Brecksville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | | CaA: | | | | |  Cardington--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | | wetness | | wetness | low strengt | | | | | CaB: | | | | |  Cardington--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | | wetness | | slope | low strengt | | | | wetness |  | | | | | CbC2: | | | | |  Cardington--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | frost actio | | slope | | | low strengt | | wetness | | |  | | | | | CcA: | | | | |  Castalia----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stone | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | CcB: | | | | |  Castalia----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stone | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | CcD: | | | | |  Castalia----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stones | large stone | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | ChB: | | | | |  Chili-------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | CmA: | | | | |  Colwood-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | CnA: | | | | |  Colwood-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | CoA: | | | | |  Condit------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | CtB: | | | | |  Conotton----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | CuC: | | | | |  Conotton----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | | | | | slope  | | | | | DbB: | | | | |  Dekalb------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | large stones | depth to rock | large stones | large stone | | depth to rock | | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | DbD: | | | | |  Dekalb------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | DeA: | | | | |  Del Rey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | DuA: | | | | |  Dunbridge---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | shrink-swell | depth to rock | shrink-swell | frost actio | | depth to rock | | depth to rock | shrink-swel | | | | | depth to ro | | | | | DuB: | | | | |  Dunbridge---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | depth to rock | shrink-swell | depth to rock | shrink-swell | frost actio | | depth to rock | | slope | shrink-swel | | | | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | EcA: | | | | |  Elliott-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengtEdB: | | | | |  Ellsworth---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | | wetness | | slope | low strengt | | | | wetness |  | | | | | EdC2: | | | | |  Ellsworth---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | frost actio | | slope | | | low strengt | | wetness | | |  | | | | | EnA: | | | | |  Elnora------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness  | | | | | EoA: | | | | |  Elnora------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness  | | | | | EsA: | | | | |  Endoaquents-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | FnA: | | | | |  Fluvaquents-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | FoB: | | | | |  Fox---------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | | shrink-swell | frost actio | | | | slope | shrink-swel | | | | | FrA: | | | | |  Fries-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strengt | | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swel | | | | | ponding  | | | | | FuA: | | | | |  Fulton------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strengt | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swel | | | | | GdA: | | | | |  Gilford-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding  | | | | | HdA: | | | | |  Harrod------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | depth to rock | | wetness | | frost actio | | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | HkA: | | | | |  Haskins-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | HoA: | | | | |  Holly-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | HpB: | | | | |  Hornell-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | HrB: | | | | |  Hornell-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | HsA: | | | | |  Hornell-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | JtA: | | | | |  Jimtown-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | JuA: | | | | |  Joliet------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness  | depth to rock | low strength | wetness | low strength | depth to ro | | wetness | depth to rock | wetness |  | | | | | KbA: | | | | |  Kibbie------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | low strengt | | | | | MaA: | | | | |  Mahoning----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MaB: | | | | |  Mahoning----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | wetness  | | | | | MbB: | | | | |  Marblehead--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | MeA: | | | | |  Mermill-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | MfA: | | | | |  Milford-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | MgA: | | | | |  Millgrove---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | ponding  | | | | | MmA: | | | | |  Millsdale---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strengt | depth to rock | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swel | | | depth to rock | | ponding  | | | | | MnA: | | | | |  Milton------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | depth to rock | shrink-swell | depth to rock | shrink-swell | low strengt | | depth to rock | | depth to rock |  | | | | | MnB: | | | | |  Milton------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | depth to rock | shrink-swell | depth to rock | shrink-swell | low strengt | | depth to rock | | slope |  | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | MrA: | | | | |  Miner-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | MsA: | | | | |  Miner-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | MxA: | | | | |  Mitiwanga---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | MxB: | | | | |  Mitiwanga---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | |  | | | | | NoA: | | | | |  Nolin-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | wetness | | | | low strengt | | | | | OaB: | | | | |  Oakville----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | | OgA: | | | | |  Ogontz------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | OhB: | | | | |  Ogontz------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness |  | | | | | OmA: | | | | |  Olmstead----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding  | | | | | OpA: | | | | |  Orrville----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | OrA: | | | | |  Orrville----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | cutbanks cave | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | OsB: | | | | |  Oshtemo-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | | | slope | frost actio | | | | | PcA: | | | | |  Pewamo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost actio | | | | | low strengt | | | | | ponding  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | PmA: | | | | |  Plumbrook---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | RaA: | | | | |  Randolph----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | low strengt | | | | | RcA: | | | | |  Rawson------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | RcB: | | | | |  Rawson------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | frost actio | | | | wetness | wetness RgA: | | | | |  Rimer-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | RhA: | | | | |  Ritchey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | RhB: | | | | |  Ritchey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | RhC: | | | | |  Ritchey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | depth to ro | | | | depth to rock |  | | | | | SaA: | | | | |  Sandusky----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | | | | | wetness  | | | | | SbF: | | | | |  Saylesville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads  and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets  | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________ | | | | | ShB: | | | | |  Shinrock----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action  | cutbanks cave | wetness | | slope | low strength  | | | | wetness |  | | | | | SkC2: | | | | |  Shinrock----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | frost action  | cutbanks cave | slope | | | low strength  | | wetness | | |  | | | | | SkD2: | | | | |  Shinrock----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost action  | wetness | | wetness | | low strength  | cutbanks cave | | | | slope  | | | | | SpB: | | | | |  Spinks------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | | SpD: | | | | |  Spinks------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope  | cutbanks cave | | | |  | | | | | TgA: | | | | |  Tioga-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | cutbanks cave | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding  | | | | | TnA: | | | | |  Toledo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strength  | | | | | ponding ToA: | | | | |  Toledo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strength  | | | | | ponding  | | | | | TpA: | | | | |  Toledo------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action  | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strength  | | | | | ponding  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | TuA: | | | | |  Tuscola-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | cutbanks cave | wetness | | wetness |  | | | | | TuB: | | | | |  Tuscola-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:  | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost actio | cutbanks cave | wetness | | slope |  | | | | wetness | UcB: | | | | |  Udipsamments. | | | | |  | | | | |  Spinks------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight  | cutbanks cave | | | slope |  | | | | | WaB: | | | | |  Wakeman-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | depth to rock | | | depth to rock | depth to ro | | | | | WaC: | | | | |  Wakeman-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:  | cutbanks cave | slope | depth to rock | slope | frost actio | depth to rock | depth to rock | | | slope  | | | | | depth to ro | | | | | WeA: | | | | |  Weyers------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness  | | | | | ZuC2: | | | | |  Zurich------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | frost actio | | slope | | | low strengt | | | | | ZuD2: | | | | |  Zurich------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | | 
Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |  Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local road and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and street | | basements | basements | buildings | _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________ | | | | | ZuE2: | | | | |  Zurich------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | low strengt | | | | | slope  | | | | | ZuF: | | | | |  Zurich------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:  | slope | slope | slope | slope | frost actio | cutbanks cave | | wetness | | low strengt | | | | | slope _________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|____________
282 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AaA: | | | | |

 Adrian-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | subsides | seepage | too sandy | ponding | too sandy

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

AeA: | | | | |

 Algiers----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

AkA: | | | | |

 Allis------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | too clayey | wetness | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness | depth to rock | too clayey

 | | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Amanda-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

AnG: | | | | |

 Amanda-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BdB: | | | | |

 Belmore----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | | | | |

BeA: | | | | |

 Bennington-------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

BgA: | | | | |

 Bennington-------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

BgB: | | | | |

 Bennington-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

BkA: | | | | |

 Bixler-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | wetness | seepage | too sandy

 | | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 283

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

BkB: | | | | |

 Bixler-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | wetness | seepage | too sandy

 | | wetness | | wetness |

 | | | | |

BvG: | | | | |

 Brecksville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | depth to rock | | | |

 | | | | |

CaA: | | | | |

 Cardington-------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

CaB: | | | | |

 Cardington-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | |

 Cardington-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | slope | slope

 | wetness | | | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

CcA: | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | seepage | large stones

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | thin layer

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CcB: | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | seepage | large stones

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | depth to rock | thin layer

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

CcD: | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | large stones

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

ChB: | | | | |

 Chili------------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | | | |

CmA: | | | | |

 Colwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | | | |

 | | | | |

CnA: | | | | |

 Colwood----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

CoA: | | | | |

 Condit-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |
284 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

CtB: | | | | |

 Conotton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | | | |

CuC: | | | | |

 Conotton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

DbB: | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

DbD: | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

DeA: | | | | |

 Del Rey----------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

DuA: | | | | |

 Dunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | thin layer

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

DuB: | | | | |

 Dunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | thin layer

 | | | | | depth to rock

EcA: | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

EdB: | | | | |

 Ellsworth--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | |

 Ellsworth--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | |

EnA: | | | | |

 Elnora-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

EoA: | | | | |

 Elnora-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | too sandy

 | poor filter | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 285

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

EsA: | | | | |

 Endoaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

FnA: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |

FoB: | | | | |

 Fox--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | small stones

 | | | | | too sandy

 | | | | |

FrA: | | | | |

 Fries------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | depth to rock | ponding | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

FuA: | | | | |

 Fulton-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

GdA: | | | | |

 Gilford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | thin layer

 | poor filter | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

HdA: | | | | |

 Harrod-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | depth to rock

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

HkA: | | | | |

 Haskins----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

HoA: | | | | |

 Holly------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

HpB: | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | depth to rock | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

HrB: | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | depth to rock | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |
286 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

HsA: | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | depth to rock | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

JtA: | | | | |

 Jimtown----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

JuA: | | | | |

 Joliet-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

KbA: | | | | |

 Kibbie-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

MaA: | | | | |

 Mahoning---------------|Severe: |Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MaB: | | | | |

 Mahoning---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

MbB: | | | | |

 Marblehead-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

MeA: | | | | |

 Mermill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | too clayey

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

MfA: | | | | |

 Milford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

MgA: | | | | |

 Millgrove--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

MmA: | | | | |

 Millsdale--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 287

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

MnA: | | | | |

 Milton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | thin layer

 | depth to rock | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

MnB: | | | | |

 Milton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | thin layer

 | depth to rock | | | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

MrA: | | | | |

 Miner------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

MsA: | | | | |

 Miner------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | depth to rock | | ponding

 | | | | |

MxA: | | | | |

 Mitiwanga--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

MxB: | | | | |

 Mitiwanga--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | thin layer

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | wetness

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

NoA: | | | | |

 Nolin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

OaB: | | | | |

 Oakville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

OgA: | | | | |

 Ogontz-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

OhB: | | | | |

 Ogontz-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

OmA: | | | | |

 Olmstead---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | seepage | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |
288 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

OpA: | | | | |

 Orrville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness |

 | | wetness | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

OrA: | | | | |

 Orrville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness |

 | | wetness | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

OsB: | | | | |

 Oshtemo----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | | |

PcA: | | | | |

 Pewamo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

PmA: | | | | |

 Plumbrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | too sandy | seepage | seepage

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | too sandy

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

RaA: | | | | |

 Randolph---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RcA: | | | | |

 Rawson-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

RcB: | | | | |

 Rawson-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | slope | | |

 | | | | |

RgA: | | | | |

 Rimer------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

RhA: | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RhB: | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

RhC: | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 289

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

SaA: | | | | |

 Sandusky---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | seepage | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

SbF: | | | | |

 Saylesville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | wetness | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | wetness | | |

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

SpB: | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

SpD: | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | poor filter | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

TgA: | | | | |

 Tioga------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | poor filter | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

TnA: | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

ToA: | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

TpA: | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |
290 Soil Survey

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

TuA: | | | | |

 Tuscola----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | too sandy | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

TuB: | | | | |

 Tuscola----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | wetness | too sandy | wetness | wetness

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

UcB: | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | |

 | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

WaB: | | | | |

 Wakeman----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | depth to rock

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | |

WaC: | | | | |

 Wakeman----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | depth to rock

 | | slope | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | |

WeA: | | | | |

 Weyers-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | wetness | | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | too sandy | wetness | too sandy

 | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | wetness | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | wetness | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | wetness | slope | slope | slope |

 | | | too sandy | wetness |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
Erie County, Ohio 291

Table 16.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

AaA: | | | |

 Adrian------------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | excess humus

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

AeA: | | | |

 Algiers-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

AkA: | | | |

 Allis-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

AmD2: | | | |

 Amanda------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

AnG: | | | |

 Amanda------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

 Dekalb------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BdB: | | | |

 Belmore-----------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

BeA: | | | |

 Bennington--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

BgA: | | | |

 Bennington--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

BgB: | | | |

 Bennington--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

BkA: | | | |

 Bixler------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

BkB: | | | |

 Bixler------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
292 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

BvG: | | | |

 Brecksville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | | small stones

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

CaA: | | | |

 Cardington--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

CaB: | | | |

 Cardington--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

CbC2: | | | |

 Cardington--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

CcA: | | | |

 Castalia----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | small stones

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

CcB: | | | |

 Castalia----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | small stones

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |

CcD: | | | |

 Castalia----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | large stones | large stones | large stones | slope

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

ChB: | | | |

 Chili-------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

CmA: | | | |

 Colwood-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

CnA: | | | |

 Colwood-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

CoA: | | | |

 Condit------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

CtB: | | | |

 Conotton----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

CuC: | | | |

 Conotton----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 293

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

DbB: | | | |

 Dekalb------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

DbD: | | | |

 Dekalb------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

DeA: | | | |

 Del Rey-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

DuA: | | | |

 Dunbridge---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

DuB: | | | |

 Dunbridge---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

EcA: | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

EdB: | | | |

 Ellsworth---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

EdC2: | | | |

 Ellsworth---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

EnA: | | | |

 Elnora------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

EoA: | | | |

 Elnora------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too sandy

 | | | |

EsA: | | | |

 Endoaquents-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

FnA: | | | |

 Fluvaquents-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

FoB: | | | |

 Fox---------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

FrA: | | | |

 Fries-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

FuA: | | | |

 Fulton------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |
294 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

GdA: | | | |

 Gilford-----------------|Poor: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | | too sandy | wetness

 | | | |

HdA: | | | |

 Harrod------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

HkA: | | | |

 Haskins-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

HoA: | | | |

 Holly-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

HpB: | | | |

 Hornell-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

HrB: | | | |

 Hornell-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

HsA: | | | |

 Hornell-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | too clayey

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

JtA: | | | |

 Jimtown-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

JuA: | | | |

 Joliet------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

KbA: | | | |

 Kibbie------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

MaA: | | | |

 Mahoning----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MaB: | | | |

 Mahoning----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MbB: | | | |

 Marblehead--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 295

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

MeA: | | | |

 Mermill-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

MfA: | | | |

 Milford-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MgA: | | | |

 Millgrove---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

MmA: | | | |

 Millsdale---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

MnA: | | | |

 Milton------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

MnB: | | | |

 Milton------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

MrA: | | | |

 Miner-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MsA: | | | |

 Miner-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MxA: | | | |

 Mitiwanga---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

MxB: | | | |

 Mitiwanga---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

NoA: | | | |

 Nolin-------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

OaB: | | | |

 Oakville----------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

OgA: | | | |

 Ogontz------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |
296 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

OhB: | | | |

 Ogontz------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

OmA: | | | |

 Olmstead----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

OpA: | | | |

 Orrville----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

OrA: | | | |

 Orrville----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

OsB: | | | |

 Oshtemo-----------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

PcA: | | | |

 Pewamo------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

PmA: | | | |

 Plumbrook---------------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | | too sandy | thin layer

 | | | |

RaA: | | | |

 Randolph----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

RcA: | | | |

 Rawson------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

RcB: | | | |

 Rawson------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

RgA: | | | |

 Rimer-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | shrink-swell | | | too sandy

 | | | |

RhA: | | | |

 Ritchey-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

RhB: | | | |

 Ritchey-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 297

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

RhC: | | | |

 Ritchey-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

SaA: | | | |

 Sandusky----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

SbF: | | | |

 Saylesville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | |

ShB: | | | |

 Shinrock----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

SkC2: | | | |

 Shinrock----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

SkD2: | | | |

 Shinrock----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

SpB: | | | |

 Spinks------------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

SpD: | | | |

 Spinks------------------|Fair: |Probable |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | | too sandy | slope

 | | | |

TgA: | | | |

 Tioga-------------------|Good |Probable |Probable |Poor:

 | | | | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

TnA: | | | |

 Toledo------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

ToA: | | | |

 Toledo------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

TpA: | | | |

 Toledo------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
298 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

TuA: | | | |

 Tuscola-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

TuB: | | | |

 Tuscola-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

UcB: | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | |

 | | | |

 Spinks------------------|Good |Probable |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | | too sandy | too sandy

 | | | |

WaB: | | | |

 Wakeman-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

WaC: | | | |

 Wakeman-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

WeA: | | | |

 Weyers------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | wetness

 | | | |

ZuC2: | | | |

 Zurich------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

ZuD2: | | | |

 Zurich------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

ZuE2: | | | |

 Zurich------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | |

ZuF: | | | |

 Zurich------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________
Table 17.--Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsit

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is app_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | AaA: | | | | | |  Adrian-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Too sandy  | seepage | seepage | slow refill | subsides | soil blowing | soil blow | | piping | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | AeA: | | | | | |  Algiers----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | slow refill | | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | AkA: | | | | | |  Allis------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Wetness |Erodes eas | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | depth to rock| depth to rock| wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty | depth to  | | | | | | AmD2: | | | | | |  Amanda-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | | slope | slope  | | | | | | AnG: | | | | | |  Amanda-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | | slope | slope  | | | | | |  Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Large ston | seepage | seepage | no water | | depth to rock| slope  | slope | piping | | | droughty | depth to  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | BdB: | | | | | |  Belmore----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Favorable  | seepage | seepage | no water | | |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | |  Bennington-------------|Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slow | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | BgA: | | | | | |  Bennington-------------|Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | BgB: | | | | | |  Bennington-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | percs slowly | slope | percs slo | | wetness | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | BkA: | | | | | |  Bixler-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Fast intake |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| droughty | too sandy  | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | BkB: | | | | | |  Bixler-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Fast intake |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | wetness | too sandy  | | | | cutbanks cave| | wetness  | | | | | | BvG: | | | | | |  Brecksville------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | | slope | slope  | | thin layer | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | |  Cardington-------------|Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | | | wetness CaB: | | | | | |  Cardington-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | slope | slope | wetness  | | | | | | CbC2: | | | | | |  Cardington-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope  | | wetness | | slope | slope | wetness  | | | | | | CcA: | | | | | |  Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Large stones |Large ston | seepage | seepage | no water | | depth to rock| depth to  | | piping | | | droughty |  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | CcB: | | | | | |  Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Large stones |Large ston | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | depth to  | | piping | | | droughty |  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | CcD: | | | | | |  Castalia---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Large stones |Large ston | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | slope  | | piping | | | droughty | depth to  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | ChB: | | | | | |  Chili------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty |Favorable  | seepage | seepage | no water | | |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | CmA: | | | | | |  Colwood----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Erodes eas | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | ponding  | | | cutbanks cave| | | CnA: | | | | | |  Colwood----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Erodes eas | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | ponding  | | | cutbanks cave| | |  | | | | | | CoA: | | | | | |  Condit-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | ponding | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | |  Conotton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Favorable  | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty |  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | CuC: | | | | | |  Conotton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | droughty |  | slope | piping | | | |  | | | | | | DbB: | | | | | |  Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Large ston | seepage | seepage | no water | | depth to rock| depth to  | | piping | | | droughty |  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | DbD: | | | | | |  Dekalb-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Large ston | seepage | seepage | no water | | depth to rock| slope  | slope | piping | | | droughty | depth to  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | DeA: | | | | | |  Del Rey----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | DuA: | | | | | |  Dunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Large ston | seepage | piping | no water | | soil blowing | depth to  | | thin layer | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | | DuB: | | | | | |  Dunbridge--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Large ston | seepage | piping | no water | | slope | depth to  | | thin layer | | | soil blowing | EcA: | | | | | |  Elliott----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | wetness | percs slo | | wetness | | | | wetness  | | | | | | EdB: | | | | | |  Ellsworth--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slope | percs slo | | piping | | slope | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | EdC2: | | | | | |  Ellsworth--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slope | slope  | | piping | | slope | | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | EnA: | | | | | |  Elnora-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slope |Fast intake |Too sandy  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| slope | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | EoA: | | | | | |  Elnora-----------------|Severe |Severe: |Severe: |Slope |Fast intake |Too sandy  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| slope | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | EsA: | | | | | |  Endoaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Ponding  | seepage | ponding | slow refill | ponding | droughty |  | | | | | | FnA: | | | | | |  Fluvaquents------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Flooding |Flooding |Ponding  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | ponding |  | | ponding | | ponding | droughty |  | | | | | | FoB: | | | | | |  Fox--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too sandy  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | FrA: | | | | | |  Fries------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Percs slowly |Percs slow | depth to rock| hard to pack | slow refill | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | thin layer | | depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | FuA: | | | | | |  Fulton-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | | hard to pack | no water | | wetness | percs slo | | wetness | | | | wetness  | | | | | | GdA: | | | | | |  Gilford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Soil blowi | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| ponding | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | | |  | | | | | | HdA: | | | | | |  Harrod-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Flooding |Wetness  | seepage | piping | depth to rock| frost action | wetness | depth to  | | thin layer | | depth to rock| depth to rock|  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | HkA: | | | | | |  Haskins----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | HoA: | | | | | |  Holly------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Flooding |Wetness  | seepage | piping | slow refill | frost action | wetness |  | | wetness | cutbanks cave| | |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | HpB: | | | | | |  Hornell----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | slope | thin layer | no water | percs slowly | slope | percs slo | depth to rock| wetness | | depth to rock| wetness | depth to  | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | |  Hornell----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Erodes eas | slope | thin layer | no water | percs slowly | slope | percs slo | depth to rock| wetness | | depth to rock| wetness | depth to  | | | | | | HsA: | | | | | |  Hornell----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | depth to rock| wetness | depth to  | | | | | | JtA: | | | | | |  Jimtown----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Too sandy  | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| | wetness  | | piping | | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | JuA: | | | | | |  Joliet-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | depth to rock| excess humus | depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to  | | thin layer | | | |  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | KbA: | | | | | |  Kibbie-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| | too sandy  | | wetness | | | | wetness  | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | |  Mahoning---------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | | wetness | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | |  Mahoning---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | wetness | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | |  Marblehead-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Depth to r | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | | depth to rock|  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | |  Mermill----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | ponding | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | | | ponding | ponding | ponding  | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | |  Milford----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Erodes eas | | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | MgA: | | | | | |  Millgrove--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Too sandy  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| ponding | | ponding  | | ponding | | cutbanks cave| |  | | | | | | MmA: | | | | | |  Millsdale--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Ponding  | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | thin layer | depth to rock| depth to  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | MnA: | | | | | |  Milton-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | thin layer | no water | | depth to rock| depth to  | depth to rock| | | | |  | | | | | | MnB: | | | | | |  Milton-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | thin layer | no water | | slope | depth to  | slope | | | | depth to rock|  | depth to rock| | | | |  | | | | | | MrA: | | | | | |  Miner------------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs slow | | ponding | no water | percs slowly | ponding | ponding  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | |  Miner------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs slow | depth to rock| ponding | no water | percs slowly | ponding | ponding  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | |  Mitiwanga--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | no water | depth to rock| depth to rock| depth to  | depth to rock| thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | MxB: | | | | | |  Mitiwanga--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope |Wetness  | seepage | piping | no water | slope | wetness | depth to  | depth to rock| thin layer | | depth to rock| depth to rock|  | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | |  Nolin------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | slow refill | | flooding |  | | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | OaB: | | | | | |  Oakville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sandy  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil blow | | piping | | | droughty |  | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | |  Ogontz-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | slow refill | | soil blowing | wetness  | | wetness | | | | soil blow | | | | | | OhB: | | | | | |  Ogontz-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | slow refill | slope | slope | wetness  | slope | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | OmA: | | | | | |  Olmstead---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Too sandy  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| ponding | | ponding  | | ponding | | cutbanks cave| |  | | | | | | OpA: | | | | | |  Orrville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| frost action | flooding | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | OrA: | | | | | |  Orrville---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Flooding |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| frost action | flooding | wetness  | | wetness | | | wetness |  | | | | | | OsB: | | | | | |  Oshtemo----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sandy  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil blow | | piping | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | PcA: | | | | | |  Pewamo-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Ponding |Erodes eas | | ponding | slow refill | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | PmA: | | | | | |  Plumbrook--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | seepage | no water | cutbanks cave| soil blowing | soil blow | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | |  Randolph---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | depth to rock| wetness | wetness  | | | | | depth to rock| depth to RcA: | | | | | |  Rawson-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Wetness |Wetness  | seepage | piping | no water | | soil blowing | soil blow | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | RcB: | | | | | |  Rawson-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly |Slope |Wetness  | seepage | piping | no water | slope | wetness | soil blow | slope | wetness | | | soil blowing |  | | | | | | RgA: | | | | | |  Rimer------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Frost action |Fast intake |Percs slow | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | wetness | wetness  | | wetness | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | RhA: | | | | | |  Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | RhB: | | | | | |  Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | depth to rock| thin layer | no water | | slope | depth to  | | | | | depth to rock|  | | | | | | RhC: | | | | | |  Ritchey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | thin layer | no water | | slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | | | | | SaA: | | | | | |  Sandusky---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slo | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | SbF: | | | | | |  Saylesville------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | hard to pack | no water | | slope | slope  | | piping | | | |  | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | |  Shinrock---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | wetness  | slope | | | cutbanks cave| wetness |  | | | | | | SkC2: | | | | | |  Shinrock---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | slope | slope | slope  | | | | cutbanks cave| wetness | wetness  | | | | | | SkD2: | | | | | |  Shinrock---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | slope | piping | no water | slope | slope | slope  | | | | cutbanks cave| wetness | wetness  | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | |  Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sandy  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil blow | | piping | | | droughty |  | | | | | | SpD: | | | | | |  Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | too sandy  | slope | piping | | | droughty | soil blow | | | | | | TgA: | | | | | |  Tioga------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| | flooding |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | TnA: | | | | | |  Toledo-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs slow | | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | ponding | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | |  | | | | | | ToA: | | | | | |  Toledo-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs slow | | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slow intake | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|_________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|___________ | | | | | | TpA: | | | | | |  Toledo-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs slow | | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slow intake | ponding  | | ponding | | ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | TuA: | | | | | |  Tuscola----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Soil blowing |Wetness  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| cutbanks cave| |  | | wetness | | | | | | | | | | TuB: | | | | | |  Tuscola----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Slope |Wetness  | seepage | piping | cutbanks cave| slope | soil blowing |  | slope | wetness | | cutbanks cave| |  | | | | | | UcB: | | | | | |  Udipsamments. | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Spinks-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Fast intake |Too sandy  | seepage | seepage | no water | | slope | soil blow | | piping | | | droughty |  | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | |  Wakeman----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Soil blowi | seepage | seepage | no water | | soil blowing | depth to  | | piping | | | depth to rock|  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | |  Wakeman----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope |Slope  | seepage | seepage | no water | | soil blowing | soil blow | slope | piping | | | depth to rock| depth to  | | thin layer | | | |  | | | | | | WeA: | | | | | |  Weyers-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Frost action |Percs slowly |Percs slow | seepage | seepage | slow refill | cutbanks cave| wetness | too sandy  | | piping | cutbanks cave| | droughty | wetness  | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | ZuC2: | | | | | |  Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | deep to water| slope | slope | slope  | slope | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- |____________________________________________|________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terraces  and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diversio | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________ | | | | | | ZuD2: | | | | | |  Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | deep to water| slope | slope | slope  | slope | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | ZuE2: | | | | | |  Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | deep to water| slope | slope | slope  | slope | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | ZuF: | | | | | |  Zurich-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Frost action |Erodes easily |Erodes eas | seepage | piping | deep to water| slope | slope | slope  | slope | | | | | wetness ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|__________
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated.) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Adrian----------| 0-28 |Muck |PT |A-8 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | 28-80 |Sand, loamy |SM, SP |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0 | 0 |80-100|60-100|35-75 |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AeA: | | | | | | | | | |  Algiers---------| 0-31 |Silt loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|80-95 |7 | 31-51 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|80-95 |7 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 51-80 |Fine sandy |CL, ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|70-100|4 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AkA: | | | | | | | | | |  Allis-----------| 0-6 |Clay loam |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|70-100|5 | 6-28 |Silty clay |GC, CL, GM, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 5-10 |50-100|45-100|25-95 |2 | | loam, clay, | ML | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | 28-30 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AmD2: | | | | | | | | | |  Amanda----------| 0-5 |Loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-100|5 | 5-27 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|80-100|6 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-34 |Clay loam, loam|CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-95 |70-95 |5 | 34-80 |Loam, silt loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-95 |65-95 |5 | | | | | | | | | | AnG: | | | | | | | | | |  Amanda----------| 0-5 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-100|5 | 5-38 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|80-100|6 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 38-52 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-95 |70-95 |5 | 52-80 |Loam, silt loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-95 |65-95 |5 | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | AnG: | | | | | | | | | |  Dekalb----------| 0-5 |Very channery |GM, SM, ML, |A-4, A-2, A-1| 0 | 0-30 |50-90 |45-80 |40-75 |2 | | loam | CL-ML | | | | | | |  | 5-23 |Extremely |GM, GC-GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| --- | 5-40 |50-85 |40-80 |40-75 |2 | | flaggy sandy | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | channery sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-25 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Belmore---------| 0-9 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|60-90 |5 | 9-41 |Sandy clay |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|65-95 |55-75 |4 | | loam, clay | SC, SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Gravelly sandy |SC, ML, SC- |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0 |80-100|50-95 |30-75 |1 | | loam, gravelly| SM, SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BeA: | | | | | | | | | |  Bennington------| 0-12 |Loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|85-100|6 | 12-34 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |85-100|80-100|75-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 34-80 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|70-100|6 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BgA: | | | | | | | | | |  Bennington------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|85-100|6 | 9-29 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |85-100|80-100|75-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 29-80 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|70-100|6 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BgB: | | | | | | | | | |  Bennington------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|85-100|6 | 8-32 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |85-100|80-100|75-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|70-100|6 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | | BkA: | | | | | | | | | |  Bixler----------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-85 |3 | 10-27 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |2 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 27-37 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-90 |3 | | loam, fine | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-80 |Stratified fine|ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-100|3 | | sand to silty | SM | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | | BkB: | | | | | | | | | |  Bixler----------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-85 |3 | 10-26 |Loamy sand, |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-85 |2 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Stratified fine|CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-100|3 | | sand to silty | SC | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | BvG: | | | | | | | | | |  Brecksville-----| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-100|6 | 5-17 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |75-100|65-100|60-95 |5 | | loam, channery| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 17-24 |Very channery |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-10 |70-95 |55-95 |50-95 |5 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-26 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |_______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | 2_________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|__ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Cardington------| 0-16 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|80-100|65 | 16-34 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|70-100|65 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 34-80 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|70-95 |65 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Cardington------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|80-100|65 | 9-30 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|70-100|65 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|70-95 |65 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CbC2: | | | | | | | | | |  Cardington------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|90-100|80 | 6-29 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |80-100|75-100|70-100|65 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 29-80 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|70-95 |65 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CcA: | | | | | | | | | |  Castalia--------| 0-8 |Very channery |GM, ML |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0-15 |20-40 |45-65 |25-60 |20-60 |15 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-16 |Extremely |GM, ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-40 |10-50 |45-80 |25-70 |15-65 |15 | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very flaggy | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-24 |Very channery |SM, ML, GM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-60 |30-80 |50-85 |40-80 |30-70 |15 | | silt loam, | | | | | | | |  | | very flaggy | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-26 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CcB: | | | | | | | | | |  Castalia--------| 0-8 |Very channery |GM, ML |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-15 |20-40 |45-65 |25-60 |20-60 |1 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-13 |Extremely |SM, GM, ML |A-1, A-4, A-2| 0-40 |10-50 |45-80 |25-70 |15-65 |1 | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 13-24 |Very channery |SM, ML, SC |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0-60 |30-80 |50-85 |40-80 |30-70 |1 | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-26 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CcD: | | | | | | | | | |  Castalia--------| 0-7 |Very channery |GM, ML |A-1, A-4, A-2| 0-15 |20-40 |45-65 |25-60 |20-60 |1 | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 7-16 |Extremely |GM, SM, ML |A-1, A-4, A-2| 0-40 |10-50 |45-80 |25-70 |15-65 |1 | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very flaggy | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 16-23 |Very channery |GM, SM, ML |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0-60 |30-80 |50-85 |40-80 |30-70 |1 | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-25 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | | ChB: | | | | | | | | | |  Chili-----------| 0-9 |Loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-85 |5 | 9-23 |Clay loam, |GM, CL, ML, |A-2, A-4, A- | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-100|35-70 |2 | | gravelly clay | SM | 1-b, A-6 | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-41 |Gravelly loam, |GM, GC-GM, |A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |45-80 |30-75 |25-65 |1 | | gravelly | SC-SM, SM | | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 41-80 |Gravelly sandy |ML, SM, SC, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |80-100|40-90 |30-90 |1 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CmA: | | | | | | | | | |  Colwood---------| 0-11 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|6 | 11-53 |Loam, silty |CL |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|5 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 53-80 |Stratified |CL, ML, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|50-100|3 | | loamy sand to | SC | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CnA: | | | | | | | | | |  Colwood---------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|6 | 14-36 |Fine sandy |ML, CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|5 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-47 |Fine sandy |CL, ML |A-7, A-6, A-4| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|70-100|3 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-49 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CoA: | | | | | | | | | |  Condit----------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|95-100|90-100|8 | 10-45 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | loam, clay, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-2 |90-100|80-100|70-95 |6 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CtB: | | | | | | | | | |  Conotton--------| 0-9 |Loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|70-85 |65-80 |5 | 9-39 |Extremely |GM, SC-SM, |A-2 | 0 | 0-15 |35-70 |10-70 |10-60 |1 | | gravelly sandy| GC-GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Stratified very|GW-GM, GM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-15 |10-80 | 5-75 | 5-50 |  | | gravelly sand | SM, SW-SM | | | | | | |  | | to very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | CuC: | | | | | | | | | |  Conotton--------| 0-8 |Gravelly loam |GM, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |65-90 |45-80 |40-70 |2 | 8-40 |Extremely |GM, GC-GM, |A-2 | 0 | 0-15 |35-70 |10-70 |10-60 |1 | | gravelly sandy| SC-SM, SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Stratified |GM, SW-SM, |A-1 | 0 | 0-15 |10-80 | 5-75 | 5-50 |  | | extremely | GW-GM, SM | | | | | | |  | | gravelly sand | | | | | | | |  | | to gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy coarse | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | | DbB: | | | | | | | | | |  Dekalb----------| 0-9 |Channery loam |GM, CL-ML, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-30 |50-90 |45-80 |40-75 |2 | | | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | 9-30 |Channery sandy |GM, GC-GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 5-40 |50-85 |40-80 |40-75 |2 | | loam, | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-32 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DbD: | | | | | | | | | |  Dekalb----------| 0-5 |Channery loam |CL-ML, SM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-30 |50-90 |45-80 |40-75 |2 | | | GM, ML | | | | | | |  | 5-21 |Very flaggy |GC-GM, GM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 5-40 |50-85 |40-80 |40-75 |2 | | sandy loam, | SM, ML | | | | | | |  | | channery loam,| | | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 21-23 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | | DeA: | | | | | | | | | |  Del Rey---------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | 11-46 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|8 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DuA: | | | | | | | | | |  Dunbridge-------| 0-13 |Loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|75-100|40-80 |1 | 13-23 |Fine sandy |ML, CL, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-95 |35-90 |2 | | loam, clay | SM | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 23-29 |Cobbly loam, |GM, GP-GM, |A-3, A-4, A- | 0-10 | 0-25 |30-90 |30-75 |10-75 |  | | very stony | ML, CL | 2, A-1 | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, cobbly | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 29-31 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | DuB: | | | | | | | | | |  Dunbridge-------| 0-17 |Loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|75-100|40-80 |1 | 17-31 |Sandy loam, |ML, CL, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |75-95 |50-95 |35-90 |2 | | clay loam, | SM | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 31-33 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EcA: | | | | | | | | | |  Elliott---------| 0-15 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|95-100|7 | 15-49 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 49-65 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 65-67 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Ellsworth-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 | 100 |90-100|90-100|7 | 8-30 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-100|8 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EdC2: | | | | | | | | | |  Ellsworth-------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 | 100 |90-100|90-100|7 | 7-44 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-100|8 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | | EnA: | | | | | | | | | |  Elnora----------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |2 | 10-31 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |2 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Fine sand, |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-85 |2 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EoA: | | | | | | | | | |  Elnora----------| 0-14 |Loamy fine sand|SM, ML |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |2 | 14-45 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |2 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 45-55 |Stratified fine|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|35-100|30-85 |2 | | sand to very | | | | | | | |  | | channery fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 55-57 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | EsA: | | | | | | | | | |  Endoaquents-----| 0-80 |Varies | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | FnA: | | | | | | | | | |  Fluvaquents-----| 0-80 |Varies | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | FoB: | | | | | | | | | |  Fox-------------| 0-5 |Loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-95 |6 | 5-28 |Clay loam, |CL, GC, SC |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0-1 | 0-5 |65-100|55-100|30-100|1 | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 28-80 |Extremely |GP, GP-GM, |A-1, A-2, A-3| 0-3 | 0-35 |10-85 |10-85 | 5-75 |  | | cobbly coarse | SP-SM, SP | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand, | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | FrA: | | | | | | | | | |  Fries-----------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-100|7 | 10-28 |Clay, silty |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 28-30 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | FuA: | | | | | | | | | |  Fulton----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|8 | 9-29 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 29-36 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | | GdA: | | | | | | | | | |  Gilford---------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|60-80 |3 | 12-32 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|55-70 |2 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 32-44 |Loamy sand, |SM, SP, SP-SM|A-2-4, A-1-b,| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|15-60 |  | | sand, loamy | | A-3 | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Sand, fine |SM, SP-SM, SP|A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|15-60 |  | | sand, loamy | | A-3 | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HdA: | | | | | | | | | |  Harrod----------| 0-13 |Silt loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-100|7 | 13-28 |Loam, clay |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|75-100|65-100|5 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 28-33 |Channery sandy |CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6, A-2| 0 | 0-5 |80-100|75-90 |40-85 |2 | | loam, loam, | SC | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 33-35 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HkA: | | | | | | | | | |  Haskins---------| 0-10 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-100|5 | 10-32 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|55-85 |3 | | gravelly sandy| | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Clay, silty |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|80-100|7 | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HoA: | | | | | | | | | |  Holly-----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | 8-30 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95 |4 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Silt loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |85-100|65-100|50-95 |2 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HpB: | | | | | | | | | |  Hornell---------| 0-7 |Loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-100|6 | 7-30 |Silty clay, |CL, CH, GC, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |60-100|50-100|45-90 |3 | | channery silty| ML | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 30-32 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HrB: | | | | | | | | | |  Hornell---------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-100|6 | 8-13 |Channery silty |CL, GC, CH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |60-100|50-100|45-90 |3 | | clay, silty | ML | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 13-32 |Channery silty |CL, CH, GC, |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |50-100|50-100|20-75 |2 | | clay, silty | ML | | | | | | |  | | clay, channery| | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 32-34 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | HsA: | | | | | | | | | |  Hornell---------| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|80-100|6 | 12-19 |Silty clay, |CL, CH, GC, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |60-100|50-100|45-90 |3 | | channery silty| ML | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 19-24 |Channery silty |CH, ML, CL, |A-2, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |50-100|50-100|20-75 |2 | | clay, very | GC | | | | | | |  | | channery silty| | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | channery silty| | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-26 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | JtA: | | | | | | | | | |  Jimtown---------| 0-9 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|75-100|60-95 |5 | 9-27 |Loam, gravelly |CL, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-2 |75-100|55-100|45-95 |3 | | loam, clay | CL-ML, SC | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-51 |Gravelly sandy |GC, GM, SM, |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |50-95 |40-95 |30-70 |2 | | loam, gravelly| SC | | | | | | |  | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 51-80 |Stratified very|GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |45-90 |30-90 |20-75 |1 | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | sand to loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | JuA: | | | | | | | | | |  Joliet----------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL, OL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-15 |90-100|75-100|75-100|6 | 14-16 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | KbA: | | | | | | | | | |  Kibbie----------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|CL, ML, SM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-95 |4 | | | SC | | | | | | |  | 9-42 |Silt loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100|3 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 42-80 |Stratified fine|CL, SM, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-95 |3 | | sand to silt | SC | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Mahoning--------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|85-100|6 | 11-40 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|80-95 |7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Mahoning--------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|90-100|85-100|6 | 11-31 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-1 |95-100|85-100|85-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-2 |90-100|85-100|80-95 |7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MbB: | | | | | | | | | |  Marblehead------| 0-6 |Loam |CL, SC |A-4 | 0-5 | 0-10 |90-100|70-100|60-90 |4 | 6-8 |Fine sandy |CL, SC |A-2, A-4 | 0-5 | 0-10 |80-100|70-100|50-95 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 8-10 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MeA: | | | | | | | | | |  Mermill---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|85-100|7 | 10-24 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|70-85 |4 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 | 100 |90-100|85-100|7 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MfA: | | | | | | | | | |  Milford---------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | 10-54 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 54-80 |Stratified |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|4 | | sandy loam to | | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MgA: | | | | | | | | | |  Millgrove-------| 0-13 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|70-95 |5 | 13-41 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|70-100|70-95 |4 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 41-73 |Gravelly loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-2, A-1, A- | 0 | 0-5 |60-100|35-85 |25-80 |1 | | very gravelly | SC, SC-SM | 4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 73-80 |Stratified fine|SC-SM, SC, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|60-85 |3 | | sand to very | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MmA: | | | | | | | | | |  Millsdale-------| 0-10 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-100|7 | 10-33 |Clay, silty |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|80-100|75-100|6 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 33-35 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MnA: | | | | | | | | | |  Milton----------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-100|7 | 10-15 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | 15-28 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|65-100|60-95 |5 | | clay, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 28-30 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MnB: | | | | | | | | | |  Milton----------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL, ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-100|7 | 13-27 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-100|7 | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | 27-29 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MrA: | | | | | | | | | |  Miner-----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|8 | 9-53 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 53-80 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-2 |85-100|70-100|45-95 |4 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, channery| | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MsA: | | | | | | | | | |  Miner-----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|8 | 9-40 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|80-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | | |  | 40-59 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |85-100|70-100|45-95 |4 | | loam, channery| | | | | | | |  | | silty clay, | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 59-61 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | | |  Mitiwanga-------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|75-100|70-95 |5 | 11-25 |Silt loam, clay|CL, CL-ML, |A-6 | 0 | 0-4 |80-90 |55-90 |55-85 |4 | | loam, loam | SM, ML | | | | | | |  | 25-27 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | MxB: | | | | | | | | | |  Mitiwanga-------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-2 |90-100|75-100|70-95 |5 | 13-30 |Silt loam, clay|CL-ML, CL, |A-6 | 0 | 0-4 |80-90 |55-90 |55-85 |4 | | loam, loam | ML, SM | | | | | | |  | 30-32 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | NoA: | | | | | | | | | |  Nolin-----------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100|8 | 10-47 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Loam, silt |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-10 |50-100|50-100|40-95 |3 | | loam, gravelly| GM, ML | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Oakville--------| 0-9 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|55-80 |1 | 9-26 |Fine sand, |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|65-95 |1 | | loamy fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Loamy fine |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|50-80 |1 | | sand, sand, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OgA: | | | | | | | | | |  Ogontz----------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|CL-ML, ML, SM|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-100|4 | 10-12 |Silt loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-97 |5 | 12-36 |Silt loam, |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 36-80 |Stratified very|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|6 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam to silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OhB: | | | | | | | | | |  Ogontz----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | 9-32 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 32-80 |Stratified very|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|6 | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam to silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OmA: | | | | | | | | | |  Olmstead--------| 0-9 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|75-95 |5 | 9-31 |Clay loam, |ML, CL, SC, |A-4, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0 |80-100|65-100|45-80 |2 | | loam, gravelly| SM | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 31-80 |Gravelly sandy |CL, SM, ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |65-100|50-100|40-70 |1 | | loam, sandy | SC | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OpA: | | | | | | | | | |  Orrville--------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-100|6 | 9-41 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|75-100|70-95 |5 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 41-69 |Stratified |ML, CL, SC, |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|65-100|40-85 |1 | | gravelly loamy| SM | | | | | | |  | | sand to silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 69-71 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OrA: | | | | | | | | | |  Orrville--------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-100|6 | 10-26 |Silt loam, |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|75-100|70-95 |5 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 26-69 |Stratified |ML, CL, SC, |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0 | 0-2 |95-100|65-100|40-85 |1 | | gravelly loamy| SM | | | | | | |  | | sand to silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 69-71 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | OsB: | | | | | | | | | |  Oshtemo---------| 0-14 |Loamy sand |SM, SP-SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0 |95-100|55-95 |40-80 |1 | 14-41 |Sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|55-95 |35-85 |1 | | sandy clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 41-80 |Stratified sand|GP, GP-GM, |A-2, A-1, A-3| 0 | 0-5 |40-90 |35-85 |20-60 |  | | to very | SP-SM, SP | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loamy| | | | | | | |  | | coarse sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PcA: | | | | | | | | | |  Pewamo----------| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|75-100|7 | 12-33 |Clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|75-100|7 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 33-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|75-100|75-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | PmA: | | | | | | | | | |  Plumbrook-------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|3 | 11-29 |Very fine sandy|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-100|3 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 29-65 |Fine sand, |SC-SM, SP-SM,|A-2 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |65-100|1 | | loamy fine | SM | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 65-80 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | | | | | | | | | RaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Randolph--------| 0-10 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100|7 | 10-37 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|75-85 |7 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 37-39 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RcA: | | | | | | | | | |  Rawson----------| 0-18 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|50-85 |2 | 18-33 |Clay loam, |GC, CL, SC |A-2-6, A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |45-90 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | A-4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 33-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|85-100|7 | | silty clay, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RcB: | | | | | | | | | |  Rawson----------| 0-10 |Sandy loam |ML, SM |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|50-85 |2 | 10-30 |Clay loam, |GC, CL, SC |A-2-6, A-4, | 0 | 0 |65-100|55-95 |45-90 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | A-2-4, A-6 | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|85-100|7 | | silty clay, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | RgA: | | | | | | | | | |  Rimer-----------| 0-11 |Loamy fine sand|ML, SM |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|45-80 |1 | 11-25 |Loamy fine |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|75-90 |2 | | sand, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sand, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 25-30 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SC, SM|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|60-80 |3 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 30-80 |Silty clay, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-100|7 | | clay loam, | | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | | RhA: | | | | | | | | | |  Ritchey---------| 0-8 |Loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | 8-15 |Silty clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|70-100|5 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 15-17 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | | RhB: | | | | | | | | | |  Ritchey---------| 0-8 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | 8-14 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|70-100|5 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 14-16 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | | RhC: | | | | | | | | | |  Ritchey---------| 0-8 |Loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|80-100|7 | 8-18 |Loam, clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |80-100|75-100|70-100|5 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 18-20 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SaA: | | | | | | | | | |  Sandusky--------| 0-11 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|70-95 |5 | 11-27 |Fine sandy |SC, SM, SC-SM|A-1, A-2 | 0 | 0-5 |70-100|50-100|30-60 |1 | | loam, very | | | | | | | |  | | gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-80 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SbF: | | | | | | | | | |  Saylesville-----| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|6 | 9-40 |Clay, silty |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Silt loam, |ML, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|9 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ShB: | | | | | | | | | |  Shinrock--------| 0-14 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |85-100|6 | 14-39 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | 39-44 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | loam, silt, | | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Stratified very|CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-100|4 | | fine sand to | SC | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SkC2: | | | | | | | | | |  Shinrock--------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | 8-32 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | 32-40 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | 40-80 |Stratified very|ML, CL, SC, |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-100|4 | | fine sand to | SM | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SkD2: | | | | | | | | | |  Shinrock--------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | 8-36 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | loam, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | | |  | 36-42 |Silt loam, |CL, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | 42-80 |Stratified very|CL, ML, SM, |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-100|4 | | fine sand to | SC | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | SpB: | | | | | | | | | |  Spinks----------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SC-SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|35-90 |1 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | 10-15 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM, SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|35-90 |  | | sand, fine | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 15-72 |Fine sand, |SC-SM, SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|40-90 |1 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | | |  | 72-80 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |95-100|75-100|35-90 |  | | | | A-3 | | | | | | SpD: | | | | | | | | | |  Spinks----------| 0-13 |Loamy fine sand|SM, SC-SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|35-90 |1 | | | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | 13-38 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM, SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|35-90 |  | | sand, loamy | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | | |  | 38-80 |Fine sand, |SM, SC-SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|40-90 |1 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | | | TgA: | | | | | | | | | |  Tioga-----------| 0-5 |Loam |ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |75-100|65-95 |4 | 5-26 |Silt loam, |ML, GM, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0 |65-100|65-100|35-90 |2 | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Sandy loam, |GW-GM, GM, |A-1, A-4, A- | 0 | 0-10 |35-100|30-100|15-90 |  | | gravelly loam,| ML, SM | 2, A-3 | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | | |  | | loamy sand | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TnA: | | | | | | | | | |  Toledo----------| 0-9 |Silty clay loam|ML, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | 9-55 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Silty clay, |CH, ML, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ToA: | | | | | | | | | |  Toledo----------| 0-9 |Silty clay |CH, MH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|9 | 9-45 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Silty clay, |CH, ML, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay, silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TpA: | | | | | | | | | |  Toledo----------| 0-8 |Silty clay |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | 8-46 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, ML |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-100|8 | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TuA: | | | | | | | | | |  Tuscola---------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam|SC, ML, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-95 |3 | 9-15 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-85 |2 | 15-46 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95 |5 | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | |  | | fine sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Stratified fine|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90 |4 | | sand to silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | TuB: | | | | | | | | | |  Tuscola---------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam|ML, SC, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-95 |3 | 10-16 |Loamy fine sand|SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |60-85 |2 | 16-46 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-95 |5 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam, fine | | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 46-80 |Stratified fine|ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-90 |4 | | sand to silty | | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | UcB: | | | | | | | | | |  Udipsamments----| 0-80 |Varies | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | |  Spinks----------| 0-13 |Loamy fine sand|SC-SM, SP-SM,|A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|35-90 |1 | | | SM | | | | | | |  | 13-34 |Loamy sand, |SC-SM, SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4,| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|35-90 |  | | sand, fine | SP-SM | A-3 | | | | | |  | | sand | | | | | | | |  | 34-71 |Fine sand, |SC-SM, SM, |A-1-b, A-2-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|40-90 |1 | | loamy fine | SP-SM | | | | | | |  | | sand, sand | | | | | | | |  | 71-80 |Fine sand, sand|SM, SP-SM |A-1-b, A-3, | 0 | 0 |95-100|75-100|35-90 |  | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | UdB: | | | | | | | | | |  Udorthents------| 0-80 |Varies | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaB: | | | | | | | | | |  Wakeman---------| 0-10 |Sandy loam |SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-80 |2 | 10-27 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-2, A-1, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |80-100|60-100|35-85 |1 | | loamy sand, | | | | | | | |  | | channery loam | | | | | | | |  | 27-31 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |80-95 |60-95 |40-85 |2 | | loam, channery| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 31-33 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WaC: | | | | | | | | | |  Wakeman---------| 0-9 |Sandy loam |SM |A-4, A-2 | 0 | 0 |90-100|75-100|50-80 |2 | 9-25 |Gravelly sandy |ML, SM |A-1, A-2, A-4| 0 | 0-5 |80-100|60-100|35-85 |1 | | loam, loamy | | | | | | | |  | | sand, channery| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 25-32 |Sandy loam, |ML, SM |A-1, A-4, A-2| 0 | 5-80 |50-95 |40-95 |30-85 |2 | | loam, | | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | | |  | | flaggy sandy | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 32-34 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |  | | bedrock | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | WeA: | | | | | | | | | |  Weyers----------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|75-100|65-95 |4 | | | SC, ML | | | | | | |  | 13-45 |Stratified very|SC-SM, SC, |A-1-b, A-2, | 0 | 0-5 |70-100|25-100|20-60 |  | | gravelly loamy| SM, SP-SC | A-3 | | | | | |  | | coarse sand to| | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | | |  | 45-80 |Silty clay |CH, ML, CL, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|7 | | loam, silty | CL-ML | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuC2: | | | | | | | | | |  Zurich----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | 9-42 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 42-80 |Stratified very|ML, SC, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|3 | | fine sand to | SM | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued __________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passing  Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |______________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuD2: | | | | | | | | | |  Zurich----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | 9-24 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 24-80 |Stratified very|ML, SC, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|3 | | fine sand to | SM | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuE2: | | | | | | | | | |  Zurich----------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | 5-34 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 34-80 |Stratified very|ML, CL, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|3 | | fine sand to | SM | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | ZuF: | | | | | | | | | |  Zurich----------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|8 | 6-47 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100|6 | | loam, silt | | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | | |  | 47-80 |Stratified very|CL, SM, ML, |A-4, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |70-100|3 | | fine sand to | SC | | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | | | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______|_
Erie County, Ohio 335

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind

 erodibility group" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that

 data were not estimated.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Adrian----------| 0-28 | 0-0 |0.30-0.55| 0.20-6.00 |0.35-0.45| --- | --- | --- | 2 | 2

 |28-80 | 2-10|1.40-1.75| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.08| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Algiers---------| 0-31 | 15-27|1.20-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 |31-51 | 20-35|1.25-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| Low | .37 | .37 | |

 |51-80 | 5-30|1.45-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.18| Low | .37 | .20 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Allis-----------| 0-6 | 27-40|1.10-1.40| 0.20-2.00 |0.16-0.21| Low | .43 | .49 | 3 | 6

 | 6-28 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.00-0.20 |0.08-0.14|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |28-30 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Amanda----------| 0-5 | 12-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24| Low | .37 | .43 | 5 | 6

 | 5-27 | 23-35|1.45-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 |27-34 | 23-35|1.45-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.19|Moderate | .37 | .49 | |

 |34-80 | 15-25|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.08-0.12| Low | .37 | .49 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AnG: | | | | | | | | | |

 Amanda----------| 0-5 | 12-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24| Low | .37 | .43 | 5 | 6

 | 5-38 | 23-35|1.45-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 |38-52 | 23-35|1.45-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.19|Moderate | .37 | .49 | |

 |52-80 | 15-25|1.55-1.75| 0.20-0.60 |0.08-0.12| Low | .37 | .49 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb----------| 0-5 | 10-20|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12| Low | .17 | .37 | 2 | 8

 | 5-23 | 7-18|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .17 | .49 | |

 |23-25 | --- | --- | 0.20-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Belmore---------| 0-9 | 10-24|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .32 | .37 | 5 | 5

 | 9-41 | 15-30|1.35-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.14| Low | .32 | .37 | |

 |41-60 | 5-15|1.50-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12| Low | .24 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington------| 0-12 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| Low | .43 | .43 | 5 | 6

 |12-34 | 35-42|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.17|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |34-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.80| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12| Low | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington------| 0-9 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| Low | .43 | .43 | 5 | 6

 | 9-29 | 35-42|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.17|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |29-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.80| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12| Low | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BgB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington------| 0-8 | 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| Low | .43 | .43 | 5 | 6

 | 8-32 | 35-42|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.17|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |32-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.80| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12| Low | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bixler----------| 0-10 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.13| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |10-27 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 |27-37 | 5-25|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| Low | .37 | .37 | |

 |37-80 | 5-32|1.45-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.18|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
336 Soil Survey

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BkB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bixler----------| 0-10 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.13| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |10-26 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 |26-80 | 5-32|1.45-1.75| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.18|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BvG: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brecksville-----| 0-5 | 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.23| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 | 5-17 | 25-35|1.40-1.65| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.18|Moderate | .43 | .55 | |

 |17-24 | 30-45|1.40-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.18|Moderate | .43 | .64 | |

 |24-26 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington------| 0-16 | 12-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 |16-34 | 35-42|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.17|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 |34-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.82| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington------| 0-9 | 12-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 9-30 | 35-42|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.17|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 |30-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.82| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington------| 0-6 | 27-32|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.22|Moderate | .37 | .37 | 5 | 7

 | 6-29 | 35-42|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.60 |0.10-0.17|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 |29-80 | 24-33|1.65-1.82| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia--------| 0-8 | 12-20|1.20-1.35| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.12| Low | .20 | .64 | 2 | 8

 | 8-16 | 12-20|1.30-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.13| Low | .10 | .43 | |

 |16-24 | 12-20|1.30-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.09| Low | .10 | .55 | |

 |24-26 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CcB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia--------| 0-8 | 12-20|1.20-1.35| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.12| Low | .20 | .64 | 2 | 8

 | 8-13 | 12-20|1.30-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.13| Low | .10 | .43 | |

 |13-24 | 12-20|1.30-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.09| Low | .10 | .55 | |

 |24-26 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CcD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia--------| 0-7 | 12-20|1.20-1.35| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.12| Low | .20 | .64 | 2 | 8

 | 7-16 | 12-20|1.30-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.13| Low | .10 | .43 | |

 |16-23 | 12-20|1.30-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.09| Low | .10 | .55 | |

 |23-25 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ChB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chili-----------| 0-9 | 7-18|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .32 | .37 | 5 | 5

 | 9-23 | 18-32|1.25-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.16| Low | .32 | .55 | |

 |23-41 | 5-18|1.25-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.12| Low | .17 | .37 | |

 |41-80 | 5-15|1.25-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.12| Low | .15 | .28 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colwood---------| 0-11 | 7-26|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24| Low | .28 | .28 | 5 | 5

 |11-53 | 18-35|1.30-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.22|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 |53-80 | 0-12|1.45-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.22| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Colwood---------| 0-14 | 7-26|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24| Low | .28 | .28 | 5 | 5

 |14-36 | 18-35|1.30-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.22|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 |36-47 | 15-35|1.45-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.08-0.22|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 |47-49 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 337

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

CoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Condit----------| 0-10 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.23| Low | .37 | .37 | 3 | 6

 |10-45 | 35-45|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.20 |0.08-0.16|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |45-80 | 23-36|1.65-1.82| 0.06-0.20 |0.07-0.12|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Conotton--------| 0-9 | 8-16|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.18| Low | .24 | .32 | 5 | 5

 | 9-39 | 6-22|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10| Low | .24 | .64 | |

 |39-80 | 2-9 |1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06| Low | .10 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CuC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Conotton--------| 0-8 | 8-16|1.30-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.14| Low | .24 | .43 | 5 | 8

 | 8-40 | 6-22|1.25-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10| Low | .24 | .64 | |

 |40-80 | 2-9 |1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.02-0.06| Low | .10 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb----------| 0-9 | 10-20|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12| Low | .17 | .37 | 2 | 6

 | 9-30 | 7-18|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .17 | .49 | |

 |30-32 | --- | --- | 0.20-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DbD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb----------| 0-5 | 10-20|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.12| Low | .17 | .37 | 2 | 6

 | 5-21 | 7-18|1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .17 | .49 | |

 |21-23 | --- | --- | 0.20-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Del Rey---------| 0-11 | 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .43 | .43 | 5 | 6

 |11-46 | 35-45|1.40-1.65| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.20|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 |46-80 | 25-35|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.11|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dunbridge-------| 0-13 | 4-8 |1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.13| Low | .17 | .20 | 2 | 2

 |13-23 | 18-30|1.45-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.18| Low | .32 | .55 | |

 |23-29 | 18-30|1.45-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.02-0.15| Low | .24 | .64 | |

 |29-31 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dunbridge-------| 0-17 | 4-8 |1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.13| Low | .17 | .20 | 2 | 2

 |17-31 | 18-30|1.45-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.18| Low | .32 | .55 | |

 |31-33 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

EcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott---------| 0-15 | 24-27|1.10-1.30| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .28 | .28 | 4 | 6

 |15-49 | 35-50|1.30-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.11-0.20|Moderate | .28 | .28 | |

 |49-65 | 27-40|1.60-1.75| 0.06-0.60 |0.07-0.10|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 |65-67 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

EdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ellsworth-------| 0-8 | 16-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.21-0.24| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 | 8-30 | 35-45|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |30-80 | 27-40|1.65-1.85| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.10|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ellsworth-------| 0-7 | 16-25|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.21-0.24| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 | 7-44 | 35-45|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |44-80 | 27-40|1.65-1.85| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.10|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

EnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elnora----------| 0-10 | 2-10|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.16| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |10-31 | 2-5 |1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |31-80 | 2-5 |1.45-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.06| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
338 Soil Survey

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

EoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elnora----------| 0-14 | 2-10|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.16| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |14-45 | 2-5 |1.20-1.50| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |45-55 | 2-15|1.45-1.65| 2.00-20.00|0.06-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |55-57 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

EsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Endoaquents-----| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

FnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

FoB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fox-------------| 0-5 | 10-17|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 4 | 5

 | 5-28 | 18-35|1.55-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.19|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |28-80 | 0-2 |1.30-1.70| 6.00-99.90|0.02-0.07| Low | .10 | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

FrA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fries-----------| 0-10 | 27-40|1.20-1.45| 0.20-0.60 |0.21-0.23| High | .28 | .28 | 3 | 7

 |10-28 | 35-55|1.45-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.13| High | .28 | .32 | |

 |28-30 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

FuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Fulton----------| 0-9 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.21-0.23|Moderate | .37 | .43 | 5 | 7

 | 9-29 | 45-60|1.40-1.65| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.13| High | .28 | .28 | |

 |29-36 | 35-60|1.40-1.65| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.13| High | .32 | .32 | |

 |36-80 | 35-50|1.45-1.65| 0.01-0.20 |0.08-0.12| High | .32 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

GdA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Gilford---------| 0-12 | 10-20|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.16-0.18| Low | .10 | .10 | 5 | 3

 |12-32 | 8-17|1.60-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.14| Low | .20 | .20 | |

 |32-44 | 3-12|1.60-1.80| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.11| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 |44-80 | 2-10|1.65-1.80| 6.00-20.00|0.03-0.11| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HdA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harrod----------| 0-13 | 18-27|1.20-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24| Low | .28 | .28 | 2 | 6

 |13-28 | 18-32|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .24 | .28 | |

 |28-33 | 5-32|1.20-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.15| Low | .32 | .28 | |

 |33-35 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HkA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Haskins---------| 0-10 | 12-20|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .37 | .37 | 4 | 5

 |10-32 | 18-35|1.45-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 |32-80 | 27-42|1.60-1.80| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.10|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Holly-----------| 0-8 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.24| Low | .28 | .28 | 5 | 6

 | 8-30 | 18-30|1.20-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.21| Low | .28 | .32 | |

 |30-80 | 10-27|1.20-1.45| 0.60-6.00 |0.10-0.20| Low | .28 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HpB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell---------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.10-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.21| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 | 7-30 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.01-0.20 |0.11-0.13|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |30-32 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell---------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.10-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.21| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 | 8-13 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.01-0.20 |0.11-0.13|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |13-32 | 35-60|1.30-1.55| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.12|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |32-34 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 339

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell---------| 0-12 | 27-40|1.10-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.21| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 7

 |12-19 | 35-60|1.20-1.50| 0.01-0.20 |0.11-0.13|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |19-24 | 35-60|1.30-1.55| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.12|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |24-26 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

JtA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Jimtown---------| 0-9 | 10-24|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .32 | .37 | 5 | 5

 | 9-27 | 18-35|1.25-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| Low | .32 | .43 | |

 |27-51 | 8-20|1.25-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.11| Low | .24 | .55 | |

 |51-80 | 4-16|1.25-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.10| Low | .10 | .24 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

JuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Joliet----------| 0-14 | 20-27|1.10-1.30| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.24| Low | .28 | .32 | 1 | 6

 |14-16 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

KbA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Kibbie----------| 0-9 | 2-20|1.40-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| Low | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3

 | 9-42 | 18-35|1.40-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 |42-80 | 2-18|1.40-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.22| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mahoning--------| 0-11 | 19-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 |11-40 | 35-45|1.45-1.70| 0.01-0.20 |0.13-0.16|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |40-80 | 27-40|1.65-1.85| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.10|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mahoning--------| 0-11 | 19-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .43 | .43 | 3 | 6

 |11-31 | 35-45|1.45-1.70| 0.01-0.20 |0.13-0.16|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |31-80 | 27-40|1.65-1.85| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.10|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Marblehead------| 0-6 | 12-20|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22| Low | .28 | .32 | 1 | 5

 | 6-8 | 10-20|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.22| Low | .20 | .24 | |

 | 8-10 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mermill---------| 0-10 | 27-32|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.23|Moderate | .37 | .37 | 4 | 7

 |10-24 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |24-80 | 27-42|1.60-1.80| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.10|Moderate | .28 | .28 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford---------| 0-10 | 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.23|Moderate | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4

 |10-54 | 35-42|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.18-0.20|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 |54-80 | 15-45|1.50-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.20-0.22|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millgrove-------| 0-13 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .24 | .28 | 5 | 6

 |13-41 | 18-35|1.40-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .28 | .32 | |

 |41-73 | 5-18|1.25-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.15| Low | .20 | .43 | |

 |73-80 | 5-18|1.25-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.08-0.12| Low | .28 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Millsdale-------| 0-10 | 27-35|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22|Moderate | .28 | .32 | 2 | 7

 |10-33 | 35-45|1.40-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |33-35 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milton----------| 0-10 | 14-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| Low | .37 | .37 | 2 | 6

 |10-15 | 35-50|1.45-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.12-0.18|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |15-28 | 25-45|1.40-1.70| 0.20-2.00 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |28-30 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
340 Soil Survey

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MnB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milton----------| 0-13 | 14-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| Low | .37 | .37 | 2 | 6

 |13-27 | 35-50|1.45-1.65| 0.20-2.00 |0.12-0.18|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |27-29 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MrA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Miner-----------| 0-9 | 27-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.21|Moderate | .32 | .32 | 3 | 7

 | 9-53 | 38-45|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.14|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |53-80 | 32-45|1.65-1.75| 0.06-0.20 |0.05-0.08|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Miner-----------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.21|Moderate | .32 | .32 | 3 | 6

 | 9-40 | 38-45|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.12-0.14|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |40-59 | 32-45|1.65-1.75| 0.06-0.20 |0.05-0.08|Moderate | .32 | .37 | |

 |59-61 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MxA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-------| 0-11 | 15-26|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| Low | .32 | .37 | 2 | 6

 |11-25 | 24-35|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.17|Moderate | .32 | .43 | |

 |25-27 | --- | --- | 0.00-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MxB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-------| 0-13 | 15-26|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.21| Low | .32 | .37 | 2 | 6

 |13-30 | 24-35|1.30-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.17|Moderate | .32 | .43 | |

 |30-32 | --- | --- | 0.00-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

NoA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Nolin-----------| 0-10 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| Low | .43 | .43 | 5 | 5

 |10-47 | 18-35|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 |47-80 | 10-27|1.30-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.10-0.23| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

OaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Oakville--------| 0-9 | 2-14|1.30-1.55| 6.00-20.00|0.09-0.12| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 | 9-26 | 0-10|1.30-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.10| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 |26-80 | 0-10|1.40-1.65| 6.00-20.00|0.05-0.07| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ogontz----------| 0-10 | 10-25|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .43 | .43 | 5 | 3

 |10-12 | 10-25|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 |12-36 | 15-35|1.45-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.17| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 |36-80 | 12-30|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.17| Low | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

OhB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ogontz----------| 0-9 | 18-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.18| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 9-32 | 15-35|1.45-1.65| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.17| Low | .43 | .43 | |

 |32-80 | 12-30|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.17| Low | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

OmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Olmstead--------| 0-9 | 10-27|1.25-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| Low | .24 | .28 | 5 | 5

 | 9-31 | 18-27|1.25-1.60| 0.60-6.00 |0.10-0.14| Low | .24 | .28 | |

 |31-80 | 8-30|1.25-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.06-0.14| Low | .24 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

OpA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orrville--------| 0-9 | 12-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 9-41 | 18-30|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 |41-69 | 10-25|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.08-0.15| Low | .37 | .49 | |

 |69-71 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

OrA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orrville--------| 0-10 | 12-27|1.25-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 |10-26 | 18-30|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.19| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 |26-69 | 10-25|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.08-0.15| Low | .37 | .49 | |

 |69-71 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.20 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 341

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

OsB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Oshtemo---------| 0-14 | 2-10|1.35-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.10-0.12| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |14-41 | 10-20|1.30-1.60| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.19| Low | .24 | .32 | |

 |41-80 | 0-10|1.30-1.50|20.00-99.90|0.02-0.04| Low | .10 | .24 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

PcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pewamo----------| 0-12 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.23|Moderate | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7

 |12-33 | 35-50|1.40-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.20|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |33-80 | 27-38|1.50-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.14-0.18|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

PmA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Plumbrook-------| 0-11 | 5-15|1.35-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.15| Low | .20 | .20 | 5 | 3

 |11-29 | 5-18|1.45-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.17| Low | .28 | .28 | |

 |29-65 | 2-10|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |65-80 | 27-35|1.45-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.18-0.20|Moderate | .43 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Randolph--------| 0-10 | 16-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| Low | .37 | .37 | 2 | 6

 |10-37 | 35-50|1.40-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.16|Moderate | .37 | .43 | |

 |37-39 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RcA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rawson----------| 0-18 | 9-18|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| Low | .24 | .28 | 4 | 3

 |18-33 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| Low | .32 | .49 | |

 |33-80 | 27-42|1.60-1.85| 0.01-0.20 |0.08-0.12|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RcB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rawson----------| 0-10 | 9-18|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.18| Low | .24 | .28 | 4 | 3

 |10-30 | 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.16| Low | .32 | .49 | |

 |30-80 | 27-42|1.60-1.85| 0.01-0.20 |0.08-0.12|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rimer-----------| 0-11 | 3-15|1.40-1.60| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.14| Low | .17 | .17 | 4 | 2

 |11-25 | 5-15|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |25-30 | 7-18|1.50-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.17| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |30-80 | 27-42|1.50-1.80| 0.01-0.20 |0.06-0.12|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey---------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 1 | 6

 | 8-15 | 35-50|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |15-17 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey---------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 1 | 6

 | 8-14 | 20-35|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |14-16 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

RhC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey---------| 0-8 | 18-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 1 | 6

 | 8-18 | 20-35|1.35-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |18-20 | --- | --- | 0.00-0.60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SaA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sandusky--------| 0-11 | 15-25|1.15-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| Low | .37 | .43 | 4 | 6

 |11-27 | 10-20|1.00-1.30| 2.00-6.00 |0.08-0.13| Low | .24 | .37 | |

 |27-80 | 25-50|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.60 |0.12-0.16|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SbF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Saylesville-----| 0-9 | 12-25|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 5

 | 9-40 | 35-45|1.60-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.08-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |40-80 | 20-35|1.60-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.18-0.20|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
342 Soil Survey

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock--------| 0-14 | 18-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 |14-39 | 35-45|1.35-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.16|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |39-44 | 8-40|1.35-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.14|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |44-80 | 8-40|1.30-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.10-0.14|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock--------| 0-8 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.21-0.23|Moderate | .37 | .37 | 5 | 7

 | 8-32 | 35-45|1.35-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.16|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |32-40 | 8-40|1.35-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.14|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |40-80 | 8-40|1.30-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.10-0.14|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock--------| 0-8 | 27-40|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.21-0.23|Moderate | .37 | .37 | 5 | 7

 | 8-36 | 35-45|1.35-1.70| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.16|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |36-42 | 8-40|1.35-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.14|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |42-80 | 8-40|1.30-1.60| 0.20-2.00 |0.10-0.14|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks----------| 0-10 | 2-15|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |10-15 | 0-15|1.40-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.05-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |15-72 | 3-15|1.40-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.08| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |72-80 | 0-10|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SpD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks----------| 0-13 | 2-15|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |13-38 | 0-15|1.40-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.05-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |38-80 | 3-15|1.40-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.08| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

TgA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tioga-----------| 0-5 | 5-18|1.15-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.15-0.21| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 5

 | 5-26 | 5-18|1.15-1.45| 0.60-6.00 |0.07-0.20| Low | .28 | .43 | |

 |26-80 | 3-15|1.25-1.55| 0.60-20.00|0.02-0.20| Low | .28 | .55 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

TnA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo----------| 0-9 | 27-40|1.40-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.17-0.23|Moderate | .28 | .28 | 5 | 7

 | 9-55 | 40-60|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.13| High | .28 | .28 | |

 |55-80 | 35-60|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.20 |0.08-0.12| High | .28 | .28 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ToA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo----------| 0-9 | 40-55|1.45-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.14| High | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4

 | 9-45 | 40-60|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.09-0.13| High | .28 | .28 | |

 |45-80 | 35-60|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.20 |0.08-0.12| High | .28 | .28 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

TpA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo----------| 0-8 | 40-55|1.45-1.65| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.14| High | .28 | .28 | 5 | 4

 | 8-46 | 40-60|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.13| High | .28 | .28 | |

 |46-80 | 35-60|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.20 |0.08-0.12| High | .28 | .28 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

TuA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tuscola---------| 0-9 | 8-20|1.30-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.22| Low | .24 | .24 | 5 | 3

 | 9-15 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 |15-46 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |46-80 | 5-35|1.30-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .32 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

TuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Tuscola---------| 0-10 | 8-20|1.30-1.65| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.22| Low | .24 | .24 | 5 | 3

 |10-16 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 6.00-20.00|0.06-0.12| Low | .15 | .15 | |

 |16-46 | 18-35|1.30-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20|Moderate | .32 | .32 | |

 |46-80 | 5-35|1.30-1.70| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| Low | .32 | .32 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 343

Table 19a.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |Erosion factors|Wind

 Map symbol |Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Shrink- |_______________|erodi-

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water | swell | | | |bility

 | | | density | |capacity |potential| Kw | Kf | T |group

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

UcB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks----------| 0-13 | 2-15|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.08-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | 5 | 2

 |13-34 | 0-15|1.40-1.70| 2.00-20.00|0.05-0.10| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |34-71 | 3-15|1.40-1.70| 2.00-6.00 |0.04-0.08| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 |71-80 | 0-10|1.40-1.70| 6.00-20.00|0.04-0.06| Low | .17 | .17 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

UdB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udorthents------| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | - | ---

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wakeman---------| 0-10 | 8-18|1.10-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15| Low | .28 | .37 | 2 | 3

 |10-27 | 5-18|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.18| Low | .15 | .24 | |

 |27-31 | 5-18|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.18| Low | .20 | .32 | |

 |31-33 | --- | --- | 0.00-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Wakeman---------| 0-9 | 8-18|1.10-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.15| Low | .28 | .37 | 2 | 3

 | 9-25 | 5-18|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.18| Low | .15 | .24 | |

 |25-32 | 5-18|1.20-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.18| Low | .20 | .32 | |

 |32-34 | --- | --- | 0.00-2.00 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

WeA: | | | | | | | | | |

 Weyers----------| 0-13 | 15-25|1.05-1.25| 2.00-6.00 |0.15-0.20| Low | .28 | .32 | 5 | 6

 |13-45 | 5-18|1.00-1.30| 2.00-6.00 |0.07-0.14| Low | .20 | .32 | |

 |45-80 | 27-45|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.60 |0.14-0.18|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-9 | 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 9-42 | 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |42-80 | 5-25|1.25-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.22| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-9 | 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 9-24 | 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |24-80 | 5-25|1.25-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.22| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-5 | 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 5-34 | 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |34-80 | 5-25|1.25-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.22| Low | .37 | .43 | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-6 | 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.60-2.00 |0.22-0.24| Low | .37 | .37 | 5 | 6

 | 6-47 | 25-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22|Moderate | .37 | .37 | |

 |47-80 | 5-25|1.25-1.55| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.22| Low | .37 | .43 | |

_________________|______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_____|_____|___|______
344 Soil Survey

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

 (Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

AaA: | | | | |

 Adrian----------| 0-28 | 4.5-7.3 | 55-75 | 110-150 | 0

 | 28-80 | 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-2.0 | 1.0-2.0 | 0-5

 | | | | |

AeA: | | | | |

 Algiers---------| 0-31 | 5.6-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-24 | 0

 | 31-51 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 10-22 | 0-5

 | 51-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 2.0-8.0 | 0-10

 | | | | |

AkA: | | | | |

 Allis-----------| 0-6 | 3.5-6.0 | 2.0-4.0 | 15-32 | 0

 | 6-28 | 3.5-6.0 | 0.0-1.0 | 14-38 | 0

 | 28-30 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Amanda----------| 0-5 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 5-27 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-1.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 27-34 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 10-20 | 0-10

 | 34-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 6.0-16 | 0-22

 | | | | |

AnG: | | | | |

 Amanda----------| 0-5 | 5.1-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 5-38 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-1.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 38-52 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 10-20 | 0-10

 | 52-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 6.0-16 | 0-22

 | | | | |

 Dekalb----------| 0-5 | 3.6-6.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 6.0-16 | 0

 | 5-23 | 3.6-6.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-9.0 | 0

 | 23-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BdB: | | | | |

 Belmore---------| 0-9 | 5.6-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 7.0-18 | 0

 | 9-41 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 8.0-18 | 0

 | 41-60 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-10 | 0-35

 | | | | |

BeA: | | | | |

 Bennington------| 0-12 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 12-20 | 0

 | 12-34 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 20-26 | 0-5

 | 34-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-20 | 10-22

 | | | | |

BgA: | | | | |

 Bennington------| 0-9 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 12-20 | 0

 | 9-29 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 20-26 | 0-5

 | 29-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-20 | 10-22

 | | | | |

BgB: | | | | |

 Bennington------| 0-8 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 12-20 | 0

 | 8-32 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 20-26 | 0-5

 | 32-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-20 | 10-22

 | | | | |

BkA: | | | | |

 Bixler----------| 0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.5-3.0 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 10-27 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.3-1.0 | 2.0-9.0 | 0

 | 27-37 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.1-0.5 | 2.0-13 | 0

 | 37-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.3 | 2.0-19 | 0-30

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 345

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

BkB: | | | | |

 Bixler----------| 0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.5-3.0 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 10-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.3-1.0 | 2.0-9.0 | 0

 | 26-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.3 | 2.0-19 | 0-30

 | | | | |

BvG: | | | | |

 Brecksville-----| 0-5 | 3.6-5.5 | 1.0-3.0 | 8.0-22 | 0

 | 5-17 | 3.6-5.5 | 0.0-1.0 | 11-21 | 0

 | 17-24 | 3.6-5.5 | 0.0-0.5 | 12-27 | 0

 | 24-26 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

CaA: | | | | |

 Cardington------| 0-16 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 12-18 | 0

 | 16-34 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 18-24 | 0-10

 | 34-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-20 | 8-22

 | | | | |

CaB: | | | | |

 Cardington------| 0-9 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 12-18 | 0

 | 9-30 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 18-24 | 0-10

 | 30-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-20 | 8-22

 | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | |

 Cardington------| 0-6 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 12-24 | 0

 | 6-29 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 18-24 | 0-10

 | 29-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-20 | 8-22

 | | | | |

CcA: | | | | |

 Castalia--------| 0-8 | 7.4-8.4 | 3.0-6.0 | 12-24 | 5-20

 | 8-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.5-2.0 | 5.0-12 | 40-60

 | 16-24 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 5.0-12 | 50-70

 | 24-26 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

CcB: | | | | |

 Castalia--------| 0-8 | 7.4-8.4 | 3.0-6.0 | 12-24 | 5-20

 | 8-13 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.5-2.0 | 5.0-12 | 40-60

 | 13-24 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 5.0-12 | 50-70

 | 24-26 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

CcD: | | | | |

 Castalia--------| 0-7 | 7.4-8.4 | 3.0-6.0 | 12-24 | 5-20

 | 7-16 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.5-2.0 | 5.0-12 | 40-60

 | 16-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 5.0-12 | 50-70

 | 23-25 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

ChB: | | | | |

 Chili-----------| 0-9 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.0-13 | 0

 | 9-23 | 4.5-6.5 | 0.3-1.0 | 8.0-16 | 0

 | 23-41 | 5.1-6.5 | 0.2-0.5 | 6.0-16 | 0

 | 41-80 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.1-0.3 | 4.0-12 | 0-5

 | | | | |

CmA: | | | | |

 Colwood---------| 0-11 | 6.1-7.8 | 3.0-8.0 | 10-25 | 0

 | 11-53 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-15 | 0-5

 | 53-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-5.0 | 5-20

 | | | | |

CnA: | | | | |

 Colwood---------| 0-14 | 6.1-7.8 | 3.0-8.0 | 10-25 | 0

 | 14-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-2.0 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 36-47 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-14 | 0-5

 | 47-49 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
346 Soil Survey

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

CoA: | | | | |

 Condit----------| 0-10 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 14-30 | 0

 | 10-45 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-2.0 | 14-30 | 0-5

 | 45-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 9.0-22 | 5-20

 | | | | |

CtB: | | | | |

 Conotton--------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.5 | 0.5-3.0 | 8.0-16 | 0

 | 9-39 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-12 | 0

 | 39-80 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.1-0.5 | 2.0-10 | 0-10

 | | | | |

CuC: | | | | |

 Conotton--------| 0-8 | 4.5-6.5 | 0.5-3.0 | 8.0-16 | 0

 | 8-40 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-12 | 0

 | 40-80 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.1-0.5 | 2.0-10 | 0-10

 | | | | |

DbB: | | | | |

 Dekalb----------| 0-9 | 3.6-6.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 6.0-16 | 0

 | 9-30 | 3.6-5.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-9.0 | 0

 | 30-32 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

DbD: | | | | |

 Dekalb----------| 0-5 | 3.6-6.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 6.0-16 | 0

 | 5-21 | 3.6-5.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-9.0 | 0

 | 21-23 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

DeA: | | | | |

 Del Rey---------| 0-11 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-3.0 | 12-20 | 0

 | 11-46 | 4.5-8.4 | 0.0-1.0 | 18-24 | 0-10

 | 46-80 | 7.9-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 12-18 | 5-40

 | | | | |

DuA: | | | | |

 Dunbridge-------| 0-13 | 6.1-7.8 | 2.0-4.0 | 6.0-13 | 0

 | 13-23 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 7.0-18 | 0-15

 | 23-29 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 7.0-18 | 0-30

 | 29-31 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

DuB: | | | | |

 Dunbridge-------| 0-17 | 6.1-7.8 | 2.0-4.0 | 6.0-13 | 0

 | 17-31 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 7.0-18 | 0-15

 | 31-33 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

EcA: | | | | |

 Elliott---------| 0-15 | 5.6-7.3 | 3.0-5.0 | 20-24 | 0

 | 15-49 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-1.0 | 17-27 | 0-5

 | 49-65 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.2 | 14-20 | 10-40

 | 65-67 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

EdB: | | | | |

 Ellsworth-------| 0-8 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 8-30 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-25 | 0-5

 | 30-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 11-26 | 3-15

 | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | |

 Ellsworth-------| 0-7 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 10-22 | 0

 | 7-44 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-25 | 0-5

 | 44-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 11-26 | 3-15

 | | | | |

EnA: | | | | |

 Elnora----------| 0-10 | 3.6-6.5 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.0-18 | 0

 | 10-31 | 3.6-6.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 2.0-5.0 | 0

 | 31-80 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-4.0 | 0

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 347

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

EoA: | | | | |

 Elnora----------| 0-14 | 3.6-6.5 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.0-18 | 0

 | 14-45 | 3.6-6.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 2.0-4.0 | 0

 | 45-55 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-10 | 0

 | 55-57 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

EsA: | | | | |

 Endoaquents-----| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

FnA: | | | | |

 Fluvaquents-----| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

FoB: | | | | |

 Fox-------------| 0-5 | 5.1-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 4.0-20 | 0

 | 5-28 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 4.0-30 | 0-45

 | 28-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 0.0-3.0 | 5-45

 | | | | |

FrA: | | | | |

 Fries-----------| 0-10 | 5.1-6.5 | 4.0-8.0 | 21-30 | 0

 | 10-28 | 5.1-6.5 | 0.5-2.0 | 18-30 | 0

 | 28-30 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

FuA: | | | | |

 Fulton----------| 0-9 | 5.1-7.3 | 2.0-3.0 | 22-30 | 0

 | 9-29 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 22-36 | 0

 | 29-36 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-36 | 0-20

 | 36-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.3 | 14-30 | 10-30

 | | | | |

GdA: | | | | |

 Gilford---------| 0-12 | 5.6-7.3 | 3.0-6.0 | 8.0-20 | 0

 | 12-32 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-1.0 | 4.0-13 | 0

 | 32-44 | 6.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-9.0 | 0

 | 44-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-6.0 | 0-30

 | | | | |

HdA: | | | | |

 Harrod----------| 0-13 | 6.6-7.8 | 3.0-6.0 | 13-28 | 0-5

 | 13-28 | 6.6-8.4 | 1.0-3.0 | 10-26 | 0-5

 | 28-33 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-21 | 5-15

 | 33-35 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

HkA: | | | | |

 Haskins---------| 0-10 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 6.0-18 | 0

 | 10-32 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 7.0-21 | 0

 | 32-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-33 | 0-30

 | | | | |

HoA: | | | | |

 Holly-----------| 0-8 | 5.6-7.3 | 2.0-5.0 | 10-24 | 0

 | 8-30 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 5.0-14 | 0

 | 30-80 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.5-2.0 | 5.0-12 | 0-5

 | | | | |

HpB: | | | | |

 Hornell---------| 0-7 | 3.6-5.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-35 | 0

 | 7-30 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-1.0 | 20-32 | 0

 | 30-32 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

HrB: | | | | |

 Hornell---------| 0-8 | 3.6-5.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-35 | 0

 | 8-13 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-1.0 | 20-32 | 0

 | 13-32 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-0.5 | 20-32 | 0

 | 32-34 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
348 Soil Survey

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

HsA: | | | | |

 Hornell---------| 0-12 | 3.6-5.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-35 | 0

 | 12-19 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-1.0 | 20-32 | 0

 | 19-24 | 4.5-5.5 | 0.0-0.5 | 20-32 | 0

 | 24-26 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

JtA: | | | | |

 Jimtown---------| 0-9 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-3.0 | 10-18 | 0

 | 9-27 | 4.5-6.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 8.0-15 | 0

 | 27-51 | 5.1-6.5 | 0.2-0.5 | 5.0-15 | 0

 | 51-80 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.1-0.3 | 6.0-12 | 0-10

 | | | | |

JuA: | | | | |

 Joliet----------| 0-14 | 6.1-8.4 | 4.0-5.0 | 18-26 | 0-20

 | 14-16 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

KbA: | | | | |

 Kibbie----------| 0-9 | 5.6-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 5.0-20 | 0

 | 9-42 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 5.0-20 | 0-5

 | 42-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-10 | 10-35

 | | | | |

MaA: | | | | |

 Mahoning--------| 0-11 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 12-20 | 0

 | 11-40 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 18-25 | 0-5

 | 40-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 11-26 | 3-15

 | | | | |

MaB: | | | | |

 Mahoning--------| 0-11 | 4.5-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 12-20 | 0

 | 11-31 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 18-25 | 0-5

 | 31-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 11-26 | 3-15

 | | | | |

MbB: | | | | |

 Marblehead------| 0-6 | 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-8.0 | 0.0-7.0 | 0-25

 | 6-8 | 6.1-8.4 | 3.0-8.0 | 6.0-21 | 0-55

 | 8-10 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

MeA: | | | | |

 Mermill---------| 0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 3.0-6.0 | 13-26 | 0

 | 10-24 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 7.0-21 | 0-5

 | 24-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-33 | 0-30

 | | | | |

MfA: | | | | |

 Milford---------| 0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 5.0-6.0 | 24-36 | 0

 | 10-54 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-27 | 0-5

 | 54-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 8.0-19 | 0-15

 | | | | |

MgA: | | | | |

 Millgrove-------| 0-13 | 5.6-7.3 | 3.0-8.0 | 15-30 | 0

 | 13-41 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 10-18 | 0

 | 41-73 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 3.0-10 | 0-5

 | 73-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-10 | 0-25

 | | | | |

MmA: | | | | |

 Millsdale-------| 0-10 | 6.1-7.3 | 4.0-7.0 | 20-36 | 0

 | 10-33 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.5-2.0 | 15-30 | 0-10

 | 33-35 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

MnA: | | | | |

 Milton----------| 0-10 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 10-22 | 0

 | 10-15 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 16-30 | 0-5

 | 15-28 | 5.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 10-27 | 0-15

 | 28-30 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 349

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

MnB: | | | | |

 Milton----------| 0-13 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 10-22 | 0

 | 13-27 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 16-30 | 0-5

 | 27-29 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

MrA: | | | | |

 Miner-----------| 0-9 | 6.1-7.3 | 3.0-6.0 | 20-30 | 0

 | 9-53 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 20-28 | 0

 | 53-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 13-20 | 0-10

 | | | | |

MsA: | | | | |

 Miner-----------| 0-9 | 5.1-7.3 | 3.0-6.0 | 17-25 | 0

 | 9-40 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 20-28 | 0

 | 40-59 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 13-28 | 0-10

 | 59-61 | --- | --- | --- | ---

MxA: | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-------| 0-11 | 4.5-6.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 11-25 | 4.5-6.0 | 0.5-1.0 | 12-18 | 0

 | 25-27 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

MxB: | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-------| 0-13 | 4.5-6.5 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 13-30 | 4.5-6.0 | 0.5-1.0 | 12-18 | 0

 | 30-32 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

NoA: | | | | |

 Nolin-----------| 0-10 | 5.6-8.4 | 2.0-4.0 | 6.0-20 | 0-5

 | 10-47 | 5.6-8.4 | 0.3-2.0 | 6.0-20 | 0-10

 | 47-80 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.3-2.0 | 6.0-18 | 0-10

 | | | | |

OaB: | | | | |

 Oakville--------| 0-9 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 2.0-10 | 0

 | 9-26 | 4.5-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-2.0 | 0

 | 26-80 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-2.0 | 0

 | | | | |

OgA: | | | | |

 Ogontz----------| 0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.0-17 | 0

 | 10-12 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.1-0.5 | 4.0-15 | 0

 | 12-36 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.1-0.5 | 6.0-21 | 0

 | 36-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.1 | 5.0-18 | 10-25

 | | | | |

OhB: | | | | |

 Ogontz----------| 0-9 | 5.6-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 9.0-22 | 0

 | 9-32 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.1-0.5 | 6.0-21 | 0

 | 32-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.1 | 5.0-18 | 10-25

 | | | | |

OmA: | | | | |

 Olmstead--------| 0-9 | 4.5-6.5 | 4.0-8.0 | 15-30 | 0

 | 9-31 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 8.0-16 | 0

 | 31-80 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.1-0.3 | 4.0-15 | 0-10

 | | | | |

OpA: | | | | |

 Orrville--------| 0-9 | 5.1-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 9-41 | 5.1-6.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 10-16 | 0

 | 41-69 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.1-0.3 | 5.0-12 | 0

 | 69-71 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

OrA: | | | | |

 Orrville--------| 0-10 | 5.1-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 10-20 | 0

 | 10-26 | 5.1-6.5 | 0.5-1.0 | 10-16 | 0

 | 26-69 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.1-0.3 | 5.0-12 | 0

 | 69-71 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |
350 Soil Survey

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

OsB: | | | | |

 Oshtemo---------| 0-14 | 5.1-6.5 | 0.5-3.0 | 2.0-12 | 0

 | 14-41 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.1-0.5 | 4.0-10 | 0

 | 41-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-2.0 | 10-25

 | | | | |

PcA: | | | | |

 Pewamo----------| 0-12 | 6.1-7.3 | 3.0-12 | 10-40 | 0

 | 12-33 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.5-2.0 | 10-20 | 0-5

 | 33-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-1.0 | 5.0-15 | 15-30

 | | | | |

PmA: | | | | |

 Plumbrook-------| 0-11 | 5.1-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 9.0-17 | 0

 | 11-29 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 7.0-13 | 0-5

 | 29-65 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 1.0-7.0 | 0-20

 | 65-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.1 | 11-21 | 0-20

 | | | | |

RaA: | | | | |

 Randolph--------| 0-10 | 5.1-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 8.0-22 | 0

 | 10-37 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-30 | 0-15

 | 37-39 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

RcA: | | | | |

 Rawson----------| 0-18 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.0-15 | 0

 | 18-33 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 10-20 | 0-5

 | 33-80 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-34 | 0-25

 | | | | |

RcB: | | | | |

 Rawson----------| 0-10 | 4.5-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 5.0-15 | 0

 | 10-30 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 10-20 | 0-5

 | 30-80 | 5.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-34 | 0-25

 | | | | |

RgA: | | | | |

 Rimer-----------| 0-11 | 5.1-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 11-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-1.0 | 2.0-9.0 | 0

 | 25-30 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-11 | 0

 | 30-80 | 6.1-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-34 | 0-30

 | | | | |

RhA: | | | | |

 Ritchey---------| 0-8 | 5.6-7.8 | 1.0-3.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 8-15 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.5-1.0 | 14-34 | 0-20

 | 15-17 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

RhB: | | | | |

 Ritchey---------| 0-8 | 5.6-7.8 | 1.0-3.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 8-14 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.5-1.0 | 17-23 | 0-20

 | 14-16 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

RhC: | | | | |

 Ritchey---------| 0-8 | 5.6-7.8 | 1.0-3.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 8-18 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.5-1.0 | 17-23 | 0-20

 | 18-20 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

SaA: | | | | |

 Sandusky--------| 0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 3.0-8.0 | 26-45 | 60-110

 | 11-27 | 7.9-8.4 | 0.5-2.0 | 4.0-12 | 60-110

 | 27-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 10-30 | 10-30

 | | | | |

SbF: | | | | |

 Saylesville-----| 0-9 | 5.1-7.8 | 1.0-3.0 | 7.0-21 | 0-5

 | 9-40 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-30 | 0-5

 | 40-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 8.0-22 | 5-22

 | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 351

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

ShB: | | | | |

 Shinrock--------| 0-14 | 5.6-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 8.0-22 | 0

 | 14-39 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-29 | 0-5

 | 39-44 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-24 | 0-15

 | 44-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-24 | 5-22

 | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | |

 Shinrock--------| 0-8 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 13-30 | 0

 | 8-32 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-29 | 0-5

 | 32-40 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-24 | 0-15

 | 40-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-24 | 5-22

 | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | |

 Shinrock--------| 0-8 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 13-30 | 0

 | 8-36 | 5.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 15-29 | 0-5

 | 36-42 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-24 | 0-15

 | 42-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-24 | 5-22

 | | | | |

SpB: | | | | |

 Spinks----------| 0-10 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-3.0 | 3.0-20 | 0

 | 10-15 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-4.0 | 0

 | 15-72 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-6.0 | 0-5

 | 72-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-10

 | | | | |

SpD: | | | | |

 Spinks----------| 0-13 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-3.0 | 3.0-20 | 0

 | 13-38 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-4.0 | 0

 | 38-80 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-6.0 | 0-5

 | | | | |

TgA: | | | | |

 Tioga-----------| 0-5 | 5.1-7.3 | 2.0-4.0 | 12-28 | 0

 | 5-26 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-1.0 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 26-80 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-1.0 | 3.0-15 | 0-5

 | | | | |

TnA: | | | | |

 Toledo----------| 0-9 | 7.4-8.4 | 3.0-6.0 | 17-36 | 5-20

 | 9-55 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 16-36 | 0-5

 | 55-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-37 | 8-22

 | | | | |

ToA: | | | | |

 Toledo----------| 0-9 | 5.6-7.3 | 3.0-6.0 | 22-45 | 0

 | 9-45 | 6.1-7.8 | 0.5-1.0 | 16-36 | 0-5

 | 45-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-37 | 8-22

 | | | | |

TpA: | | | | |

 Toledo----------| 0-8 | 5.6-7.3 | 4.0-8.0 | 22-45 | 0

 | 8-46 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.5-2.0 | 16-36 | 0-5

 | 46-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 14-37 | 8-22

 | | | | |

TuA: | | | | |

 Tuscola---------| 0-9 | 5.6-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 4.0-15 | 0

 | 9-15 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.3-1.0 | 2.0-11 | 0

 | 15-46 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 46-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-20 | 0-25

 | | | | |

TuB: | | | | |

 Tuscola---------| 0-10 | 5.6-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 4.0-15 | 0

 | 10-16 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.3-1.0 | 2.0-11 | 0

 | 16-46 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 3.0-15 | 0

 | 46-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-20 | 0-25

 | | | | |
352 Soil Survey

Table 19b.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Soil |Organic |Cation- |Calcium

 and soil name | |reaction | matter |exchange |carbonate

 | | | |capacity |equivalent

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|__________

 | In | pH | Pct |meq/100 g| Pct

 | | | | |

UcB: | | | | |

 Udipsamments----| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

 Spinks----------| 0-13 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-3.0 | 3.0-20 | 0

 | 13-34 | 5.6-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-4.0 | 0

 | 34-71 | 5.6-7.8 | 0.0-0.5 | 1.0-6.0 | 0-5

 | 71-80 | 6.6-8.4 | 0.0-0.5 | 0.0-2.0 | 0-10

 | | | | |

UdB: | | | | |

 Udorthents------| 0-80 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

WaB: | | | | |

 Wakeman---------| 0-10 | 5.1-7.3 | 1.0-2.0 | 4.0-16 | 0

 | 10-27 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 2.0-11 | 0

 | 27-31 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.1 | 2.0-11 | 0

 | 31-33 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

WaC: | | | | |

 Wakeman---------| 0-9 | 5.1-7.3 | 1.0-2.0 | 4.0-16 | 0

 | 9-25 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.5 | 2.0-11 | 0

 | 25-32 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.0-0.1 | 2.0-11 | 0

 | 32-34 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

WeA: | | | | |

 Weyers----------| 0-13 | 7.4-8.4 | 3.0-8.0 | 14-39 | 80-110

 | 13-45 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.5-2.0 | 4.0-14 | 80-110

 | 45-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.1-0.5 | 8.0-27 | 10-30

 | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-9 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 9-42 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.2-0.5 | 15-22 | 0-5

 | 42-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.2-0.5 | 3.0-16 | 5-30

 | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-9 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 9-24 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.2-0.5 | 15-22 | 0-5

 | 24-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.2-0.5 | 3.0-16 | 5-30

 | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-5 | 5.1-7.3 | 0.5-2.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 5-34 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.2-0.5 | 15-22 | 0-5

 | 34-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.2-0.5 | 3.0-16 | 5-30

 | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | |

 Zurich----------| 0-6 | 6.1-7.3 | 1.0-3.0 | 13-22 | 0

 | 6-47 | 4.5-7.8 | 0.2-0.5 | 15-22 | 0-5

 | 47-80 | 7.4-8.4 | 0.2-0.5 | 3.0-16 | 5-30

_________________|_______|_________|_________|_________|_________
Erie County, Ohio 353

Table 20.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the

 feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________| Total | Potential |______________________

 and soil name | | Depth |subsidence| for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|__________|____________|____________|_________

 | | In | In | | |

AaA: | | | | | |

 Adrian-----------------| --- | --- | 29-33 |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

AeA: | | | | | |

 Algiers----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

AkA: | | | | | |

 Allis------------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | |

 Amanda-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

AnG: | | | | | |

 Amanda-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----------|Bedrock (lithic) | 0-0 | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | |

BdB: | | | | | |

 Belmore----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

BeA: | | | | | |

 Bennington-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

BgA: | | | | | |

 Bennington-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

BgB: | | | | | |

 Bennington-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

BkA: | | | | | |

 Bixler-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

BkB: | | | | | |

 Bixler-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

BvG: | | | | | |

 Brecksville------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CaA: | | | | | |

 Cardington-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

CaB: | | | | | |

 Cardington-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | | |

 Cardington-------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

CcA: | | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | |

CcB: | | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | |

CcD: | | | | | |

 Castalia---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | |
354 Soil Survey

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________| Total | Potential |______________________

 and soil name | | Depth |subsidence| for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|__________|____________|____________|_________

 | | In | In | | |

ChB: | | | | | |

 Chili------------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | |

CmA: | | | | | |

 Colwood----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

CnA: | | | | | |

 Colwood----------------|Bedrock | 40-60 | --- |High |High |Low

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CoA: | | | | | |

 Condit-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | |

 Conotton---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | |

CuC: | | | | | |

 Conotton---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | |

DbB: | | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | |

DbD: | | | | | |

 Dekalb-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Low |Low |High

 | | | | | |

DeA: | | | | | |

 Del Rey----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

DuA: | | | | | |

 Dunbridge--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

DuB: | | | | | |

 Dunbridge--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

EcA: | | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 60-80 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

EdB: | | | | | |

 Ellsworth--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | | |

 Ellsworth--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

EnA: | | | | | |

 Elnora-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | |

EoA: | | | | | |

 Elnora-----------------|Bedrock | 40-60 | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FoB: | | | | | |

 Fox--------------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | |

FrA: | | | | | |

 Fries------------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

FuA: | | | | | |

 Fulton-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

GdA: | | | | | |

 Gilford----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 355

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________| Total | Potential |______________________

 and soil name | | Depth |subsidence| for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|__________|____________|____________|_________

 | | In | In | | |

HdA: | | | | | |

 Harrod-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

HkA: | | | | | |

 Haskins----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

HoA: | | | | | |

 Holly------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

HpB: | | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |High |High |High

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |High |High |High

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HsA: | | | | | |

 Hornell----------------|Bedrock | 20-40 | --- |High |High |High

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |

JtA: | | | | | |

 Jimtown----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

JuA: | | | | | |

 Joliet-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

KbA: | | | | | |

 Kibbie-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | |

 Mahoning---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | |

 Mahoning---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | |

 Marblehead-------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 4-10 | --- |Moderate |Low |Low

 | | | | | |

MeA: | | | | | |

 Mermill----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | |

 Milford----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

MgA: | | | | | |

 Millgrove--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

MmA: | | | | | |

 Millsdale--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

MnA: | | | | | |

 Milton-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

MnB: | | | | | |

 Milton-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

MrA: | | | | | |

 Miner------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | |

 Miner------------------|Bedrock | 40-60 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | | |

 | | | | | |
356 Soil Survey

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________| Total | Potential |______________________

 and soil name | | Depth |subsidence| for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|__________|____________|____________|_________

 | | In | In | | |

MxA: | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

MxB: | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga--------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

NoA: | | | | | |

 Nolin------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | |

OaB: | | | | | |

 Oakville---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | |

 Ogontz-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

OhB: | | | | | |

 Ogontz-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

OmA: | | | | | |

 Olmstead---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | |

OpA: | | | | | |

 Orrville---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 60-80 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

OrA: | | | | | |

 Orrville---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 60-80 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

OsB: | | | | | |

 Oshtemo----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | |

PcA: | | | | | |

 Pewamo-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

PmA: | | | | | |

 Plumbrook--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | |

 Randolph---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

RcA: | | | | | |

 Rawson-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | |

RcB: | | | | | |

 Rawson-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |High

 | | | | | |

RgA: | | | | | |

 Rimer------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

RhA: | | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

RhB: | | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

RhC: | | | | | |

 Ritchey----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 10-20 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

SaA: | | | | | |

 Sandusky---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

SbF: | | | | | |

 Saylesville------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 357

Table 20.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________| Total | Potential |______________________

 and soil name | | Depth |subsidence| for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | |frost action| steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|__________|____________|____________|_________

 | | In | In | | |

ShB: | | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | | |

 Shinrock---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low |Low

 | | | | | |

SpD: | | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low |Low

 | | | | | |

TgA: | | | | | |

 Tioga------------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low |Moderate

 | | | | | |

TnA: | | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

ToA: | | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

TpA: | | | | | |

 Toledo-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

TuA: | | | | | |

 Tuscola----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

TuB: | | | | | |

 Tuscola----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Low

 | | | | | |

UcB: | | | | | |

 Udipsamments. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

 Spinks-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low |Low

 | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | |

 Wakeman----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | |

 Wakeman----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | |

WeA: | | | | | |

 Weyers-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | | |

 Zurich-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

________________________|_________________|_______|__________|____________|____________|_________
358 Soil Survey

Table 21.--Water Features

(Depths of layers are in feet. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

AaA: | | | | | | | | |

 Adrian--------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

AeA: | | | | | | | | |

 Algiers-------| C |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

AkA: | | | | | | | | |

 Allis---------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Amanda--------| C |January |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

AnG: | | | | | | | | |

 Amanda--------| C |January |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |4.0-6.0|4.5-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb--------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | |

BdB: | | | | | | | | |

 Belmore-------| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

BeA: | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington----| C |January |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 359

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

BgA: | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington----| C |January |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

BgB: | | | | | | | | |

 Bennington----| C |January |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5|2.5-3.5|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

BkA: | | | | | | | | |

 Bixler--------| C |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

BkB: | | | | | | | | |

 Bixler--------| C |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

BvG: | | | | | | | | |

 Brecksville---| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CaA: | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington----| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CaB: | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington----| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CbC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Cardington----| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
360 Soil Survey

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

CcA: | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CcB: | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CcD: | | | | | | | | |

 Castalia------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ChB: | | | | | | | | |

 Chili---------| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CmA: | | | | | | | | |

 Colwood-------| B |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CnA: | | | | | | | | |

 Colwood-------| B |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CoA: | | | | | | | | |

 Condit--------| D |January |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |July |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0|3.0-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CtB: | | | | | | | | |

 Conotton------| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

CuC: | | | | | | | | |

 Conotton------| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

DbB: | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb--------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

DbD: | | | | | | | | |

 Dekalb--------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

DeA: | | | | | | | | |

 Del Rey-------| C |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 361

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

DuA: | | | | | | | | |

 Dunbridge-----| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

DuB: | | | | | | | | |

 Dunbridge-----| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

EcA: | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott-------| C |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

EdB: | | | | | | | | |

 Ellsworth-----| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

EdC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Ellsworth-----| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

EnA: | | | | | | | | |

 Elnora--------| B |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

EoA: | | | | | | | | |

 Elnora--------| B |January |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

EsA: | | | | | | | | |

 Endoaquents---| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
362 Soil Survey

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

FnA: | | | | | | | | |

 Fluvaquents---| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-2.0|Very long | Very long |Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

FoB: | | | | | | | | |

 Fox-----------| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

FrA: | | | | | | | | |

 Fries---------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

FuA: | | | | | | | | |

 Fulton--------| D |January |1.0-2.5|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

GdA: | | | | | | | | |

 Gilford-------| B |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

HdA: | | | | | | | | |

 Harrod--------| B |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |November | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |December |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

HkA: | | | | | | | | |

 Haskins-------| C |January |1.0-2.5|2.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|2.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|2.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|2.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 363

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

HoA: | | | | | | | | |

 Holly---------| B |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | |November | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Long |Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

HpB: | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell-------| D |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

HrB: | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell-------| D |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

HsA: | | | | | | | | |

 Hornell-------| D |January |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.5-1.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

JtA: | | | | | | | | |

 Jimtown-------| C |January |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

JuA: | | | | | | | | |

 Joliet--------| D |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

KbA: | | | | | | | | |

 Kibbie--------| B |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
364 Soil Survey

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

MaA: | | | | | | | | |

 Mahoning------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MaB: | | | | | | | | |

 Mahoning------| D |January |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.5-1.5|1.5-3.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MbB: | | | | | | | | |

 Marblehead----| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MeA: | | | | | | | | |

 Mermill-------| B |January |0.0-1.0|2.0-4.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0|2.0-4.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0|2.0-4.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0|2.0-4.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0|2.0-4.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0|2.0-4.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MfA: | | | | | | | | |

 Milford-------| B |March |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MgA: | | | | | | | | |

 Millgrove-----| B |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MmA: | | | | | | | | |

 Millsdale-----| C |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MnA: | | | | | | | | |

 Milton--------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MnB: | | | | | | | | |

 Milton--------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 365

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

MrA: | | | | | | | | |

 Miner---------| D |January |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MsA: | | | | | | | | |

 Miner---------| D |January |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0|2.5-5.0|Perched |0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MxA: | | | | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-----| C |January |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

MxB: | | | | | | | | |

 Mitiwanga-----| C |January |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

NoA: | | | | | | | | |

 Nolin---------| B |February |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |March |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |April | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

OaB: | | | | | | | | |

 Oakville------| A |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

OgA: | | | | | | | | |

 Ogontz--------| C |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
366 Soil Survey

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

OhB: | | | | | | | | |

 Ogontz--------| C |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

OmA: | | | | | | | | |

 Olmstead------| B |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very brief| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

OpA: | | | | | | | | |

 Orrville------| C |January |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |February |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |March |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |April |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |May |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |June |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |December |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

OrA: | | | | | | | | |

 Orrville------| C |January |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |February |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |March |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |April |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |May |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |June |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | |December |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Frequent

 | | | | | | | | |

OsB: | | | | | | | | |

 Oshtemo-------| B |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

PcA: | | | | | | | | |

 Pewamo--------| C |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

PmA: | | | | | | | | |

 Plumbrook-----| B |January |1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.0-2.5|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

RaA: | | | | | | | | |

 Randolph------| C |January |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 367

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

RcA: | | | | | | | | |

 Rawson--------| B |January |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

RcB: | | | | | | | | |

 Rawson--------| B |January |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |2.0-3.5|2.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

RgA: | | | | | | | | |

 Rimer---------| C |January |1.0-2.5|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.0-2.5|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.0-2.5|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.0-2.5|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

RhA: | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey-------| D |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

RhB: | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey-------| D |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

RhC: | | | | | | | | |

 Ritchey-------| D | | | | | | | |

 | |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

SaA: | | | | | | | | |

 Sandusky------| D |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

SbF: | | | | | | | | |

 Saylesville---| C |January |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ShB: | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock------| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

SkC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock------| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
368 Soil Survey

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

SkD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Shinrock------| C |January |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

SpB: | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks--------| A |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

SpD: | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks--------| A |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

TgA: | | | | | | | | |

 Tioga---------| B |January | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |February |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |March |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |April |3.0-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |May | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |November | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | |December | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | Brief |Occasional

 | | | | | | | | |

TnA: | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo--------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ToA: | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo--------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

TpA: | | | | | | | | |

 Toledo--------| D |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |September |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |October |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-3.0|Very long | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

TuA: | | | | | | | | |

 Tuscola-------| B |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

TuB: | | | | | | | | |

 Tuscola-------| B |January |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |1.5-3.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |
Erie County, Ohio 369

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding

 | | |________________________|__________________|_______________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | | | |Surface| | |

 and soil name|logic | | Upper | Lower | Kind | water | Duration | Duration |Frequency

 |group | | limit | limit | | depth | | |

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________

 | | | | | | | | |

UcB: | | | | | | | | |

 Udipsamments--| --- |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

 Spinks--------| A |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

WaB: | | | | | | | | |

 Wakeman-------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

WaC: | | | | | | | | |

 Wakeman-------| C |All months| >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

WeA: | | | | | | | | |

 Weyers--------| C |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ZuC2: | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich--------| B |January |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ZuD2: | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich--------| B |January |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ZuE2: | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich--------| B |January |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | |

ZuF: | | | | | | | | |

 Zurich--------| B |January |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |February |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |March |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |April |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |May |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

 | |December |2.0-3.5| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | --- | ---

_______________|______|__________|_______|_______|________|_______|__________|____________|__________
Table 22.--Engineering Index Test Data (Dashes indicate that the test was not performed. MAX means maximum dry density; OPT, optimum moisture; LL, l

 PI, plasticity index. Tests were performed by the Ohio Department of Transportation, Division of Highways

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | |  Soil name | Sample | | |Moisture density| Percentage passing sieve-- | |  and location | number | Horizon | Depth |________________|____________________________| LL | PI  | | | | MAX | OPT | No. 4|No. 10|No. 40|No. 200| | ____________________________|________|_________|_______|_______|________|______|______|______|_______|____|___ | | | In | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | Mitiwanga silt loam, |ER-46- | | | | | | | | | |  0 to 2 percent slopes: | 68919 | Ap | 0-9 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 95 | 77 | 29 | 24  3,560 feet south of the | | | | | | | | | | |  intersection of Township | 68920 | Bt | 11-25 | --- | --- | 82 | 65 | 59 | 42 | 37 | 27  Road 145 and Township | | | | | | | | | | |  Road 144, along Township | | | | | | | | | | |  Road 145, then 750 feet | | | | | | | | | | |  west; T. 5 N., R. 20 W. | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | Ogontz fine sandy loam |ER-43- | | | | | | | | | |  0 to 2 percent slopes: | 60652 | Ap | 0-10 | 114.2 | 12.5 | 100 | 100 | 97 | 60 | NP | NP  1,050 feet northwest of the| | | | | | | | | | |  intersection of County | 60653 | Bt | 12-30 | 112.3 | 15.7 | 100 | 100 | 99 | 88 | 32 | 13  Road 132 and State Route 2,| | | | | | | | | | |  along County Road 132, then| | | | | | | | | | |  1,125 feet west; T. 6 N., | | | | | | | | | | |  R. 22 W. | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | Plumbrook fine sandy loam, |ER-45- | | | | | | | | | |  0 to 2 percent slopes: | 68313 | Ap | 0-11 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 100 | 35 | NP | NP  1,200 feet north of the | | | | | | | | | | |  intersection of U.S. | 68314 | Bg & Bw | 11-29 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 99 | 33 | NP | NP  Route 250 and Township | | | | | | | | | | |  Road 12, along U.S. | 68315 | Cg | 29-65 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 100 | 21 | NP | NP  Route 250, then 485 feet | | | | | | | | | | |  west; T. 6. N., R. 22 W. | 68316 | 2Cg | 65-80 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 99 | 95 | NP | NP  | | | | | | | | | | | Wakeman sandy loam, |ER-44- | | | | | | | | | |  2 to 6 percent slopes: | 68311 | Ap | 0-10 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 78 | 37 | NP | NP  2,100 feet south of the | | | | | | | | | | |  intersection of Township | | Bw | 10-27 | --- | --- | 100 | 100 | 82 | 40 | NP | NP  Road 134 and County | | | | | | | | | | |  Road 13, along Township | | | | | | | | | | |  Road 134, then 100 feet | | | | | | | | | | |  west; T. 5 N., R. 21 W. | | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________|________|_________|_______|_______|________|______|______|______|_______|____|___
Erie County, Ohio 371

Table 23.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates that the soil is a taxadjunct to the series. See text

 for a description of those characteristics of the soil that are outside the range of the

 series.)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

__________________________|_______________________________________________________________________

 |

 Adrian-------------------|Sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, euic, mesic Terric Medisaprists

 Algiers------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Aquic Udifluents

 Allis--------------------|Fine, illitic, acid, mesic Typic Endoaquepts

 Amanda-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

*Belmore------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Bennington---------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Bixler-------------------|Loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Arenic Hapludalfs

 Brecksville--------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrochepts

 Cardington---------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Castalia-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, mesic Eutrochreptic Rendolls

 Chili--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Colwood------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Condit-------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Typic Epiaqualfs

 Conotton-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Dekalb-------------------|Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, subactive, mesic Typic Dystrochepts

 Del Rey------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Dunbridge----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

 Elliott------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Ellsworth----------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Elnora-------------------|Mixed, mesic Aquic Udipsamments

 Endoaquents--------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Endoaquents

 Fluvaquents--------------|Fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Fluvaquents

 Fox----------------------|Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic

 | Typic Hapludalfs

 Fries--------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Fulton-------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Gilford------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Harrod-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Hapludolls

 Haskins------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Holly--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Typic Fluvaquents

 Hornell------------------|Fine, illitic, acid, mesic Aeric Endoaquepts

 Jimtown------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

 Joliet-------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Endoaquolls

*Kibbie-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

 Mahoning-----------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Marblehead---------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Hapludolls

*Mermill------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs

 Milford------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Millgrove----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

 Millsdale----------------|Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

 Milton-------------------|Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Miner--------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs

 Mitiwanga----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

 Nolin--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts

 Oakville-----------------|Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments

 Ogontz-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Olmsted------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs

 Orrville-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aeric Fluvaquents

 Oshtemo------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

*Pewamo-------------------|Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Argiaquolls

 Plumbrook----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

 Randolph-----------------|Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

 Rawson-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

 Rimer--------------------|Loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Arenic Hapludalfs

 Ritchey------------------|Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic Hapludalfs

 Sandusky-----------------|Fine-loamy, carbonatic, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

 Saylesville--------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Shinrock-----------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Spinks-------------------|Sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Hapludalfs

 Tioga--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts

 Toledo-------------------|Fine, illitic, nonacid, mesic Mollic Endoaquepts

 |
372

Table 23.--Classification of the Soils--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

__________________________|_______________________________________________________________________

 |

 Tuscola------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

 Udipsamments-------------|Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments

 Udorthents---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Udorthents

 Wakeman------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Dystric Eutrochrepts

 Weyers-------------------|Coarse-loamy, carbonatic, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

 Zurich-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

__________________________|_______________________________________________________________________
373

Interpretive Groups
374 Soil Survey

Interpretive Groups

(Dashes indicate that the soil is not assigned to an interpretive group.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Land capability | Prime farmland | Woodland |Pasture and hayland

 and soil name | | | ordination symbol | suitability group

__________________|_________________|________________|___________________|____________________

 | | | |

AaA---------------| 5W | No | 2W | D-1

 Adrian | | | |

 | | | |

AeA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4A | C-1

 Algiers | | | |

 | | | |

AkA---------------| 4W | No | 2W | C-2

 Allis | | | |

 | | | |

AmD2--------------| 4E | No | 5R | A-1

 Amanda | | | |

 | | | |

AnG---------------| 7E | No | |

 Amanda-----------| | | 5R | H-1

 | | | |

 Dekalb-----------| | | 2R | H-1

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop-----| | | --- | ---

 | | | |

BdB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4A | A-1

 Belmore | | | |

 | | | |

BeA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4A | C-1

 Bennington | | | |

 | | | |

BgA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4A | C-1

 Bennington | | | |

 | | | |

BgB---------------| 2E | Yes* | 4A | C-1

 Bennington | | | |

 | | | |

BkA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4S | C-1

 Bixler | | | |

 | | | |

BkB---------------| 2E | Yes* | 4S | C-1

 Bixler | | | |

 | | | |

BvG---------------| 7E | No | 4R | H-1

 Brecksville | | | |

 | | | |

CaA---------------| 1 | Yes | 4A | A-6

 Cardington | | | |

 | | | |

CaB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4A | A-6

 Cardington | | | |

 | | | |

CbC2--------------| 3E | No | 4A | A-6

 Cardington | | | |

 | | | |

CcA---------------| 3S | No | 2D | F-1

 Castalia | | | |

 | | | |

CcB---------------| 3S | No | 2D | F-1

 Castalia | | | |

 | | | |

CcD---------------| 6S | No | 2R | F-1

 Castalia | | | |

 | | | |

ChB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4A | A-1

 Chili | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnotes at end of table.
Erie County, Ohio 375

Interpretive Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Land capability | Prime farmland | Woodland |Pasture and hayland

 and soil name | | | ordination symbol | suitability group

__________________|_________________|________________|___________________|____________________

 | | | |

CmA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5W | C-1

 Colwood | | | |

 | | | |

CnA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5W | C-1

 Colwood | | | |

 | | | |

CoA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5W | C-2

 Condit | | | |

 | | | |

CtB---------------| 3S | Yes | 4F | B-1

 Conotton | | | |

 | | | |

CuC---------------| 4E | No | 4F | B-1

 Conotton | | | |

 | | | |

DbB---------------| 2E | No | 3F | F-1

 Dekalb | | | |

 | | | |

DbD---------------| 4E | No | 2R | F-1

 Dekalb | | | |

 | | | |

DeA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4C | C-1

 Del Rey | | | |

 | | | |

DuA---------------| 3S | Yes | 4D | F-1

 Dunbridge | | | |

 | | | |

DuB---------------| 3E | Yes | 4D | F-1

 Dunbridge | | | |

 | | | |

EcA---------------| 2W | Yes* | --- | C-1

 Elliott | | | |

 | | | |

EdB---------------| 3E | Yes | 4A | A-6

 Ellsworth | | | |

 | | | |

EdC2--------------| 4E | No | 4A | A-6

 Ellsworth | | | |

 | | | |

EnA---------------| 2W | No | 3S | B-1

 Elnora | | | |

 | | | |

EoA---------------| 2W | No | 3S | B-1

 Elnora | | | |

 | | | |

FoB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4A | A-1

 Fox | | | |

 | | | |

FrA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5W | C-2

 Fries | | | |

 | | | |

FuA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 4C | C-2

 Fulton | | | |

 | | | |

GdA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4W | C-1

 Gilford | | | |

 | | | |

HdA---------------| 3W | Yes** | 5D | F-1

 Harrod | | | |

 | | | |

HkA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4A | C-1

 Haskins | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnotes at end of table.
376 Soil Survey

Interpretive Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Land capability | Prime farmland | Woodland |Pasture and hayland

 and soil name | | | ordination symbol | suitability group

__________________|_________________|________________|___________________|____________________

 | | | |

HoA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5W | C-3

 Holly | | | |

 | | | |

HpB---------------| 3E | Yes* | 3W | C-2

 Hornell | | | |

 | | | |

HrB---------------| 3E | Yes* | 3W | C-2

 Hornell | | | |

 | | | |

HsA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 3W | C-2

 Hornell | | | |

 | | | |

JtA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5A | C-1

 Jimtown | | | |

 | | | |

JuA---------------| 4W | Yes* | --- | E-1

 Joliet | | | |

 | | | |

KbA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5A | C-1

 Kibbie | | | |

 | | | |

MaA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5C | C-2

 Mahoning | | | |

 | | | |

MaB---------------| 3E | Yes* | 5C | C-2

 Mahoning | | | |

 | | | |

MbB---------------| 6S | No | 2D | E-1

 Marblehead | | | |

 | | | |

MeA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5W | C-1

 Mermill | | | |

 | | | |

MfA---------------| 2W | Yes* | --- | C-1

 Milford | | | |

 | | | |

MgA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5W | C-1

 Millgrove | | | |

 | | | |

MmA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5W | C-2

 Millsdale | | | |

 | | | |

MnA---------------| 2S | Yes | 4D | F-1

 Milton | | | |

 | | | |

MnB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4D | F-1

 Milton | | | |

 | | | |

MrA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5W | C-2

 Miner | | | |

 | | | |

MsA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 5W | C-2

 Miner | | | |

 | | | |

MxA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4D | C-2

 Mitiwanga | | | |

 | | | |

MxB---------------| 2E | Yes* | 4D | C-2

 Mitiwanga | | | |

 | | | |

NoA---------------| 2W | Yes | 8A | A-5

 Nolin | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnotes at end of table.
Erie County, Ohio 377

Interpretive Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Land capability | Prime farmland | Woodland |Pasture and hayland

 and soil name | | | ordination symbol | suitability group

__________________|_________________|________________|___________________|____________________

 | | | |

OaB---------------| 4S | No | 4S | B-1

 Oakville | | | |

 | | | |

OgA---------------| 1 | Yes | 5A | A-6

 Ogontz | | | |

 | | | |

OhB---------------| 2E | Yes | 5A | A-6

 Ogontz | | | |

 | | | |

OmA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5W | C-1

 Olmsted | | | |

 | | | |

OpA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5A | C-3

 Orrville | | | |

 | | | |

OrA---------------| 2W | Yes*** | 5A | C-3

 Orrville | | | |

 | | | |

OsB---------------| 3S | Yes | 4A | A-1

 Oshtemo | | | |

 | | | |

PcA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 5W | C-1

 Pewamo | | | |

 | | | |

PmA---------------| 2W | Yes* | --- | C-1

 Plumbrook | | | |

 | | | |

RaA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 4D | C-2

 Randolph | | | |

 | | | |

RcA---------------| 1 | Yes | 4A | A-1

 Rawson | | | |

 | | | |

RcB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4A | A-1

 Rawson | | | |

 | | | |

RgA---------------| 2W | Yes* | 4A | C-1

 Rimer | | | |

 | | | |

RhA---------------| 3S | No | 2D | E-1

 Ritchey | | | |

 | | | |

RhB---------------| 3E | No | 2D | E-1

 Ritchey | | | |

 | | | |

RhC---------------| 4E | No | 2D | E-1

 Ritchey | | | |

 | | | |

SaA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 3W | C-1

 Sandusky | | | |

 | | | |

SbF---------------| 7E | No | 4R | A-3

 Saylesville | | | |

 | | | |

ShB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4C | A-6

 Shinrock | | | |

 | | | |

SkC2--------------| 3E | No | 4C | A-6

 Shinrock | | | |

 | | | |

SkD2--------------| 4E | No | 4R | A-6

 Shinrock | | | |

 | | | |

 See footnotes at end of table.
378

Interpretive Groups--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Land capability | Prime farmland | Woodland |Pasture and hayland

 and soil name | | | ordination symbol | suitability group

__________________|_________________|________________|___________________|____________________

 | | | |

SpB---------------| 3S | No | 4A | B-1

 Spinks | | | |

 | | | |

SpD---------------| 4E | No | 4R | B-1

 Spinks | | | |

 | | | |

TgA---------------| 2W | Yes | 4A | A-5

 Tioga | | | |

 | | | |

TnA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 4W | C-2

 Toledo | | | |

 | | | |

ToA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 4W | C-2

 Toledo | | | |

 | | | |

TpA---------------| 4W | No | --- | ---

 Toledo | | | |

 | | | |

TuA---------------| 1 | Yes | 5A | A-6

 Tuscola | | | |

 | | | |

TuB---------------| 2E | Yes | 5A | A-6

 Tuscola | | | |

 | | | |

UcB---------------| 4S | No | |

 Udipsamments-----| | | --- | ---

 | | | |

 Spinks-----------| | | 4A | B-1

 | | | |

WaB---------------| 2E | Yes | 4A | F-1

 Wakeman | | | |

 | | | |

WaC---------------| 3E | No | 4A | F-1

 Wakeman | | | |

 | | | |

WeA---------------| 3W | Yes* | 3W | C-1

 Weyers | | | |

 | | | |

ZuC2--------------| 3E | No | 4A | A-6

 Zurich | | | |

 | | | |

ZuD2--------------| 4E | No | 4R | A-6

 Zurich | | | |

 | | | |

ZuE2--------------| 6E | No | 4R | A-6

 Zurich | | | |

 | | | |

ZuF---------------| 7E | No | 4R | A-6

 Zurich | | | |

__________________|_________________|________________|___________________|____________________

 * Where drained.

 ** Where protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season.

 *** Where drained and protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the

growing season.
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