Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005 

Open-File Report 2006–1374

Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

SR

308

SR

303

BROWNSVILLE HIGHWAY

L I B E R T Y B A Y

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Tide

flats

KEYPORT

VIRGINIA

POINT

Landfill

(Operable Unit 1)

P o r t

O r c h a r d

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Keyport

Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

By R.S. Dinicola and R.L. Huffman

Prepared in cooperation with

Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest

Open-File Report 2006-1374

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006

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U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to 

reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2006, Selected natural attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2006-1374, 28 p.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3

Sample Collection And Analysis .................................................................................................................6

Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data.........................................................................................................7

Geochemical Data and Predominant Redox Conditions ................................................................7

Volatile Organic Compounds...............................................................................................................8

VOC Concentrations Beneath the Phytoremediation Plantations .......................................8

VOC Concentrations in the Intermediate Aquifer...................................................................8

VOC Concentrations in Marsh Ground Water and Surface Water......................................8

Summary..........................................................................................................................................................9

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................9

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................10

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2005 Geochemical 

Sampling ..........................................................................................................................................27

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing location of the Operable Unit 1 study area, Naval Undersea 

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington .......................................... 2

Figure 2. Map showing Llocation of former landfill, two phytoremediation plantations, 

and data collection sites at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center 

(NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington................................................... 4

Tables

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and water levels measured at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005......... 5

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water 

geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005 .................................... 11

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water 

samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and diffusion samplers, and in 

surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 

1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington........................................................................ 21
iv

Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations and 

Acronyms

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain

acre 4,047 square meter 

acre 0.4047 hectare 

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter 

inch (in) 2.54 centimeter 

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer 

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C=(°F-32)/1.8

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 

(NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations and 

Acronyms Meaning

1,1-DCA 1,1-dichloroethane

1,2-DCA 1,2-dichloroethane

1,1-DCE 1,1-dichloroethene

CA chloroethane

cis-DCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene

CVOC chlorinated volatile organic compound

DO dissolved oxygen

ml mililiter

NUWC Naval Undersea Warfare Center

NWQL USGS National Water Quality Laboratory

ORP oxidation-reduction potential

OU-1 Operable Unit 1

STL Severn Trent Laboratories

TCA 1,1,1,-trichloroethane

TCE trichloroethene

USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

VC vinyl chloride

VOC volatile organic compound
Abstract

Previous investigations have shown that natural 

attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated volatile 

organic compounds (VOCs) are substantial in shallow ground 

water beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1 

(OU-1), Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, 

Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has 

continued to monitor ground-water geochemistry to assure that 

conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation. 

This report presents the ground-water geochemical and 

selected VOC data collected at OU-1 by the USGS during 

June 21–24, 2005, in support of long-term monitoring for 

natural attenuation.

For June 2005, the strongly reducing conditions (sulfate 

reduction and methanogenesis) most favorable for reductive 

dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs were detected in fewer 

upper-aquifer wells than were detected during 2004. Redox 

conditions in ground water from the intermediate aquifer just 

downgradient of the landfill remained somewhat favorable 

for reductive dechlorination. Overall, the changes in redox 

conditions observed at individual wells have not been 

consistent or substantial throughout either the upper or the 

intermediate aquifers.

In apparent contrast to changes in redox conditions, the 

chlorinated VOC concentrations were lower than previously 

measured in many of the piezometers in the northern 

phytoremediation plantation. The decrease in contaminant 

concentrations beneath the northern plantation and the 

end-product (ethane and ethene) evidence for reductive 

dechlorination are consistent with 2000–04 results.

In the southern phytoremediation plantation, changes in 

chlorinated VOC concentrations were variable. Most notable 

was a substantial decrease in the sum of trichloroethene, 

cis-1,2-dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride concentrations 

at piezometer P1-9 from 75,000 to 1,000 micrograms per 

liter between 2004 and 2005. The high concentrations of 

the reductive dechlorination end-products ethane and ethene 

measured at the most contaminated sites (P1-6 and P1-7), as 

well as measurable concentrations at sites P1-9 and P1-10, are 

reliable evidence that reductive dechlorination of chlorinated 

VOCs is ongoing in the southern plantation.

In the 10 passive-diffusion samplers deployed beneath 

the marsh stream, the highest chlorinated VOC concentrations 

measured were at a site (S-4) about midway along the sampled 

stream reach. In 2005, the sum of trichloroethene, cis-1,2-

dichloroethene, and vinyl chloride concentrations increased 

nearly twofold in comparison to 2004. It is not certain that the 

apparent increase in concentrations is representative of site 

conditions. However, the chlorinated VOC concentrations have 

increased each time at the two most contaminated passivediffusion sampler sites that have been sampled for multiple 

years. In the marsh stream, chlorinated VOC concentrations 

in surface water were low at the site (SW-S6) near the 

upgradient margin of the former landfill. Concentrations in the 

stream increased substantially after flowing past the southern 

phytoremediation plantation to the downstream site (MA-12).

Overall, the 2005 data were consistent with previous 

findings of continued biodegradation of chlorinated VOCs 

in ground water, along with continued discharge of some 

chlorinated VOCs to surface water in the marsh stream.

Introduction

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have 

migrated to ground water beneath the 9-acre former landfill 

at Operable Unit 1 (OU-1) at the Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center (NUWC), Division Keyport. The NUWC is on a small 

peninsula in Kitsap County, Washington, in an extension of 

Puget Sound called Liberty Bay (fig. 1). The 9-acre former 

landfill at OU-1 is on the narrow strip of land connecting the 

peninsula to the mainland and is adjacent to tidal flats that are 

an extension of Dogfish and Liberty Bays. The OU-1 landfill 

is unlined at the bottom and was constructed in a former 

marshland. The landfill was the primary disposal area for 

domestic and industrial wastes generated by NUWC Keyport 

from the 1930s through 1973. Paints, thinners, solvents, 

Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

By R.S. Dinicola and R.L. Huffman
wa9FAT2_03_fig01

SR

308

BROWNSVILLE SR

303

HIGHWAY

37' 122°36'30"

T.

26

N.

T.

25

N.

122°38'20" 38' 37'30"

42’

30”

47°

42’

40”

42’

47°

41’

10”

41’

30”

R.1 E.

1000 2000 3000 FEET

0 900 METERS

0

300 600

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

Location of figure 2

WASHINGTON

Seattle

Bremerton

Figure

location

L I B E R T Y B A Y

Dogfish Bay

Shallow

lagoon

Tide

flats

Pond

Marsh

KEYPORT

VIRGINIA POINT

Landfill

(Operable Unit 1)

P o r t

O r c h a r d

Naval Undersea

Warfare Center,

Division Keyport

Figure 1. Location of the Operable Unit 1 study area, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.

2 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005
acids, dried sludge from a wastewater-treatment plant, and 

other industrial wastes were disposed in the landfill. The most 

concentrated disposal area for waste paints and solvents was at 

the southern end of the landfill.

Chlorinated VOCs are present in the upper and 

intermediate aquifers and in surface water at OU-1. Ground 

water beneath OU-1 occurs within a series of aquifers that 

are composed of permeable sand, gravel, or fill materials 

separated by finer-grained silt or clay layers. Contamination 

at OU-1 is known to occur only in about the top 60 feet of the 

unconsolidated deposits in the hydrogeologic units referred to 

as the unsaturated zone, the upper aquifer, the middle aquitard, 

and the intermediate aquifer. Ground water in the unconfined 

upper aquifer generally flows from east to west towards 

Dogfish Bay. Ground water in the predominately confined 

intermediate aquifer flows from the south and west towards 

the landfill, and then northwest from the landfill towards 

Dogfish Bay (Dinicola and others, 2002). Two perennial 

freshwater creeks drain the marsh adjacent to the landfill and 

discharge into the tideflats of Dogfish Bay.

The predominant contaminants in ground water 

beneath OU-1 are trichloroethene (TCE) and its degradation 

byproducts cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl 

chloride (VC). The compound 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) 

and its degradation byproducts 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA), 

1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE), and chloroethane (CA) have 

been detected at concentrations of concern at a few locations 

at OU-1. A need for remedial action was identified because 

those hazardous compounds present a potential risk to humans 

(URS Consultants, Inc., 1998). Phytoremediation combined 

with on-going natural attenuation processes was chosen by 

the Navy as the preferred remedy (URS Consultants, Inc., 

1998). The Navy planted two hybrid poplar plantations on the 

landfill (fig. 2) in spring of 1999 to remove and control the 

migration of chlorinated VOCs in shallow ground water (URS 

Greiner, Inc., 1999). The landfill between the plantations is 

covered with pavement, although the area north of the northern 

plantation is permeable.

Purpose and Scope

The Navy began a cooperative effort with the U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS) in 1995 to investigate various 

natural attenuation mechanisms at OU-1. Field and laboratory 

studies conducted from 1996 through 2000 showed that 

natural attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated VOCs 

in shallow ground water at OU-1 were substantial (URS 

Consultants, Inc., 1997; Bradley and others, 1998; Dinicola 

and others, 2002). The USGS has continued to monitor 

the geochemistry of ground water to assure that conditions 

remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation, and 

annual monitoring from 2001 through 2004 confirmed that 

biodegradation was continuing (Dinicola, 2006).

This report presents ground-water chemical and selected 

VOC data collected by the USGS at OU-1 during June 21–24, 

2005, in support of the long-term monitoring for natural 

attenuation. USGS data collected from 1996 through 2004 

were presented in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 

2004, 2006), and, Dinicola and Huffman (2004). In June 2005, 

the USGS collected ground-water samples from 13 wells and 

9 piezometers (table 1 and fig. 2). Concentrations of various 

geochemical constituents used to evaluate ground-water redox 

conditions were determined in all samples from wells and 

piezometers. Concentrations of VOCs also were determined 

by the USGS in samples from all piezometers and in samples 

from 3 of the 13 monitoring wells. The Navy determined 

VOC concentrations in samples they collected from other 

OU-1 monitoring wells during April 2005, but those data 

are not presented in this report. The USGS determined VOC 

concentrations in shallow ground water directly beneath the 

southern reach of the marsh stream (fig. 2) using passivediffusion samplers. Samplers were located closer together than 

previously done to refine the characterization of contaminant 

discharge to surface water. The USGS also determined VOC 

concentrations in surface-water samples collected at the 

upstream and downstream ends of the reach of the marsh creek 

where diffusion samplers were deployed.

Introduction 3
WA19-0020KeyportData_fig02

Keys Road

BROWNSVILLE HIGHWAY

Bradley Road

Shapely Road

SR

308

SR

303

Tide flats

Pond

Marsh

Landfill

DOGFISH BAY

Shallow

lagoon

NUWC,

Division Keyport

50 100 150 200 250 METERS

200

0

0 400 600 800 FEET

122°37'20"

T.

26

N.

R.1 E.

122°37'40" 30"

47°

42’

41’

50”

47°

41’

40”

?

?

MW1-22

MW1-30

PZ1-5

MW1-23

MW1-24

1MW-4

MW1-36

MW1-37

MW1-39

MW1-38

MW1-32

MW1-21

MW1-29

MW1-40

MW1-25

MW1-28

MW1-9

PZ1-2

PZ1-4

MW1-7

MW1-31

MW1-27 MW1-11

MW1-33

N-1

N-2 N-3

N-4

N-5

N-7 N-6

N-8

C-1

C-2

C-3

S-1

S-5

S-5B

S-4

S-4B

S-3

S-3B

S-2

S-2B

S-6

PZ1-3

1MW-5

MW22-7

MW1-19

MW1-18

MW22-6

MW1-3

MW1-17

1MW-1 MW1-15

MW1-2

PZ1-1

Private

Well 1

Private

Well 2

MW1-10

MW1-14

MW1-41

P1-1

P1-2

P1-3

MW1-6 MW1-35

MW22-5

MW3-5

MW22-1

MW1-20

MW22-2

MW1-34

MW1-8

P1-4

P1-5

P1-6

P1-7

P1-8

P1-9

P1-10

MW1-5

MW1-16

MW1-4

MW1-1

DB-14

TF19

MA09

MA11

MA10

MA-12

MA13

SW-S6

Passive-diffusion sampler

Data collection sites— sampled

 in June 2005 are black,

 not sampled are grey

Surface-water 

EXPLANATION

NUWC, Division Keyport 

Former landfill

Phytoremediation plantation

Surface water

Approximate extents of windows

 in middle confining unit

Approximate location of former

 waste paint and solvent

 disposal area

Monitoring well or

 piezometer in upper aquifer

Monitoring well in

 intermediate aquifer

Base map modified from URS Consultants, Inc., 1997

Projection: Washington State Plane, North Zone

P1-1

MW1-28

S-2

MA12

Figure 2. Location of former landfill, two phytoremediation plantations, and data collection sites at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington.

4 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005
Study site 

No. USGS site No. Date and time measured

Water level 

altitude 

(ft)

Water 

level 

(ft bmp)

Altitude of 

measuring 

point (ft)

Depth of 

well 

(ft)

Casing 

diameter 

(in.)

Screened 

interval 

(ft)

VOCs 

sampled by 

USGS

1MW-1 474151122373201 06-21-05 14:00 3.84 6.22 10.06 16.5 2 5.5-15.5 N

MW1-2 474153122373101 06-22-05 12:40 2.35 9.54 11.89 18.5 4 12.5-17.5 N

MW1-3 474152122372501 06-20-05 13:00 10.13 3.42 13.55 11.5 4 5.5-10.5 N

MW1-4 474145122372801 06-23-05 13:30 5.76 6.44 12.2 13.0 4 7-12 N

MW1-5 474146122373201 06-22-05 14:00 4.71 8.37 13.08 12.0 4 6-11 N

MW1-16 474146122372801 06-23-05 11:00 5.69 7.14 12.83 12.0 2 6-11 N

MW1-17 474150122373201 06-20-05 15:00 6.72 5.22 11.94 13.5 2 7.5-12.5 N

MW1-20 474145122372501 06-20-05 11:45 6.74 3.70 10.44 16.0 2 10-15 N 

MW1-25 474154122373201 06-21-05 12:15 1.75 10.16 11.91 49.0 2 38-48 Y

MW1-28 474153122373301 06-21-05 12:00 1.65 11.45 13.10 45.0 2 39-44 Y

MW1-33 474140122373201 06-20-05 11:30 9.07 2.42 11.49 41.0 2 30-40 N

MW1-38 474156122373701 06-24-05 11:45 -.18 10.81 9.83 50.0 2 44-49 Y

MW1-41 474152122372901

 

 

06-20-05 15:30 6.85 8.36 15.27 15.0 2 5-15 N

(duplicate) 12:01 

(blank) 15:05 

P1-1 474153122372801 06-22-05 12:15 6.41 7.95 14.36 15.0 1 10-15 Y

P1-3 474153122373102 06-22-05 11:15 3.46 9.33 12.79 15.0 1 10-15 Y

(duplicate) 11:16

P1-4 474152122373101 06-21-05 15:00 4.44 8.81 12.55 15.0 1 10-15 Y

P1-5 474152122372801 06-21-05 15:20 6.23 8.83 15.06 15.0 1 10-15 Y

P1-6 474146122373001 06-22-05 14:30 5.54 7.22 12.76 15.0 1 10-15 Y

P1-7 474145122373101 06-22-05 15:30 5.34 6.78 12.12 15.0 1 10-15 Y

P1-8 474147122372801 06-23-05 11:15 6.33 5.73 12.06 15.0 1 10-15 Y

P1-9 474145122372901 06-23-05 15:00 5.57 6.34 11.91 15.0 1 10-15 Y

(duplicate) 15:01 

(blank) 16:15

P1-10 474145122372601 06-23-05 13:40 6.73 5.13 11.86 15.0 1 10-15 Y

Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled and water levels measured at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington, June 2005.

[Study site No.: MW, monitoring well; P, piezometer; USGS site No.: Unique number for each site based on latitude and longitude of the site. First six digits 

are latitude, next seven digits are longitude, and final two digits are a sequence number to uniquely identify each site. Altitudes of water levels and measuring 

points are given in feet above or below (-) NAVD88. Water level is in feet below measuring point (bmp). Depth of well and screened interval are in feet below 

land surface. Measuring point: Water levels in wells are usually reported as depths below land surface, although the measuring point can be any convenient 

fixed place near the top of the well. For these wells and piezometers, the measuring points are marked points on the tops of well casings—they vary from being 

near the land surface to a few feet above land surface. The altitude of the measuring point is commonly recorded so that static water levels also can be reported 

as altitudes; VOCs sampled by USGS: Y, yes, N, no. Abbreviations: USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; VOC, volatile organic compounds; ft, foot; ft bmp, foot 

below measuring point; in., inch]

Introduction 5
Sample Collection And Analysis

Water-level measurements, sample collection and 

processing, and field analyses were in accordance with 

applicable USGS procedures (U.S. Geological Survey, 1997–

2005), except that samples were collected using a peristaltic 

pump. Geochemical measurements and concentrations 

determined for samples from 13 wells and 9 piezometers 

included dissolved hydrogen (H2), dissolved oxygen (DO), 

filtered organic carbon, filtered nitrate plus nitrite, filtered 

manganese, filtered iron (II), filtered sulfate, unfiltered sulfide, 

dissolved methane, dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, specific 

conductance, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and filtered 

chloride. Concentrations of 64 volatile organic compounds 

(VOCs) were determined for samples from 3 of the 13 wells, 

from all 9 piezometers, and from all of the passive-diffusion 

samplers that were deployed. The concentrations of the 

dissolved gasses ethane, ethene, and methane were also 

determined for samples from three wells, from all piezometers, 

and from all of the diffusion samplers.

After measuring depth to water, all well and piezometer 

samples were collected with a peristaltic pump and single-use 

polyurethane tubing. A stainless-steel weight was attached 

to the bottom of the tubing to accurately collect the sample 

from the mid-screen elevation in each well. Samples were 

collected after approximately three casing-volumes of water 

were purged from the wells and after allowing pH, specific 

conductance, and DO to stabilize within 0.1 units, 5 percent, 

and 0.3 mg/L, respectively. Those three analytes and ORP 

were measured in a flow-through chamber using temperature 

compensated probes from a YSITM data sonde. The specific 

conductance probe was checked daily with standard reference 

solutions; the pH probe was calibrated daily with two pH 

standards; and the dissolved-oxygen probe was calibrated 

daily using the water-saturated air method and occasionally 

verified with zero dissolved-oxygen solution. Dissolvedoxygen analyses were confirmed for most samples using 0 

to 1 mg/L CHEMets Rhodazine-DTM colorimetric ampoules 

(manufactured by CHEMetrics, Inc., Calverton, Virginia). 

These ampoules were filled directly from the sampling tube 

after well purging was complete.

Concentrations of iron (II) were measured in the 

field in a sample filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane 

filter using a colorimetric 1,10 phenanthroline indicator 

method and a Hach Model 2010 spectrophotometer 

following Hach Method 8146 [Hach Company, 1998; 

adapted from America Public Health Association (1980)]. 

Sulfide concentrations were measured in the field using a 

colorimetric methylene-blue indicator method immediately 

using the same spectrophotometer according to Hach Method 

81360 [Hach Company, 1998; procedure is equivalent to 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method 

376.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1983)]. 

Information about the methodologies used to determine iron 

and sulfide concentrations is described at http://www.hach.

com, accessed on June 1, 2005. Dissolved carbon dioxide 

(CO2) concentrations were measured in the field with Titret®-

Sodium hydroxide titrant with a pH indicator (manufactured 

by CHEMetrics, Inc., Calverton, Virginia).

Dissolved H2 in ground water was sampled using 

the bubble-strip method of Chapelle and others (1997) 

and concentrations were measured in the field using a gas 

chromatograph equipped with a reduction gas detector. Initial 

gas samples from each well were collected and analyzed 

after at least 20 minutes of stripping; subsequent samples 

were collected and analyzed at about 5-minute intervals until 

consecutive H2 concentrations stabilized to within 10 percent, 

a process that often required an hour or more.

Samples for determination of nitrate plus nitrite, 

manganese, sulfate, and chloride concentrations were filtered 

through a 0.45-μm membrane filter into polyethylene bottles, 

chilled, and sent to the USGS National Water Quality 

Laboratory (NWQL) in Lakewood, Colorado. Manganese 

samples were acidified in the field with nitric acid to a pH 

of less than 2, and then analyzed at NWQL by inductively 

coupled plasma as described by Fishman (1993). Chloride 

and sulfate were analyzed using ion chromatography as 

described by Fishman and Friedman (1989). Nitrate plus 

nitrite were analyzed colorimetrically by cadmium reduction 

and diazotization as described by Fishman (1993). The results 

for the nitrate plus nitrite analyses are referred to simply as 

nitrate in this report because nitrite was not detected at the site 

(Dinicola and others, 2002).

Samples for dissolved organic carbon analysis were 

filtered through a 0.45-μm filter, collected in amber glass 

bottles, acidified in the field with sulfuric acid to a pH of 

less than 2, chilled to less than 4°C, and shipped to the 

NWQL. Organic carbon concentrations were determined 

using persulfate oxidation as described by Brenton and Arnett 

(1993).

Samples for VOC analysis were collected in pre-acidified 

40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to the NWQL 

for subsequent analysis at Severn Trent Laboratories (STL) in 

Denver, Colorado, using purge and trap capillary-column gas 

chromatography/mass spectrometry (USEPA Method SW846 

8260B; accessed November 2005 at http://www.epa.gov/

epaoswer/hazwaste/test/pdfs/8260b.pdf). Samples for analysis 

of ethane, ethene, and methane were collected in pre-acidified 

40-mL glass vials, placed on ice, and shipped to the NWQL 

for subsequent analysis at Severn Trent Laboratories (STL) in 

Denver, Colorado, using gas chromatography with a flameionization detector (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Method RSK SOP-175; Kampbell and Vandegrift, 1998).

VOCs in shallow ground-water directly beneath the 

marsh stream were determined at 10 locations using passivediffusion samplers, and VOCs in surface water in the 

marsh stream were determined from grab samples from 2 

locations (fig. 2). Ground-water samples were collected using 

passive-diffusion samplers deployed along an approximate 

6 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005
320-ft reach of the marsh stream adjacent to the southern 

phytoremediation plantation, and surface-water grab samples 

were collected from the marsh stream at the upstream and the 

downstream ends of the reach. The most downstream passivediffusion sampler site (S-1) was located at the pre-existing 

MA-12 surface-water sampling site. The most upstream 

passive-diffusion sampler site (S-6) was located at the newly 

established SW-S6 surface-water sampling site. The eight 

additional passive-diffusion samplers were distributed about 

evenly along the length of the stream reach. Six sites (S-1, 

S-2, S-3, S-4, S-5, and S-6) were sampled in previous years, 

and four sites (S-2B, S-3B, S-4B, and S-5B) were newly 

established. The diffusion samplers were constructed by the 

USGS in Tacoma, Washington, and consisted of 8-in.-long 

by 2-in.-diameter polyethylene lay-flat tubing that was filled 

with deionized water and heat sealed at both ends. The filled 

bags were inserted into plastic mesh sleeves to protect them 

from damage, and were buried by hand in about 12 in. of 

mud beneath the marsh creek. The holes were backfilled 

with native materials and tamped down and left to equilibrate 

with pore water for more than 2 weeks. The locations of the 

samplers were marked with wooden stakes and approximately 

located on a site map. Samplers were retrieved by hand 

and immediately processed. A corner of each bag was cut 

and three pre-acidified 40-mL glass VOC vials were filled, 

sealed, and kept on ice for shipment to NWQL for VOC 

analysis at STL using purge and trap capillary-column gas 

chromatography/mass spectrometry (USEPA Method SW846 

8260B), and for ethane, ethene, and methane analysis using 

gas chromatography with a flame-ionization detector (USEPA 

Method RSK SOP-175). Surface water was sampled at sites 

MA-12 and SW-S6 by filling a polyethylene bottle from mid 

depth in the center of the marsh stream. The sample was 

immediately poured into three pre-acidified 40-mL glass VOC 

vials, sealed, and kept on ice for shipment to NWQL for VOC 

analysis at STL using the same methods.

Quality assurance and control of geochemical and 

contaminant sampling included collecting two duplicate 

samples for selected redox-sensitive analytes and VOCs and 

analyzing one field blank sample for VOCs. No substantial 

quality issues were identified in those samples (appendix A).

Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data

Ground-water chemistry data collected by the USGS at 

OU-1 during June 2005 in support of long-term monitoring 

for natural attenuation are summarized in this section. The 

June 2005 data include concentrations of redox-sensitive 

geochemical constituents at 12 wells and 9 piezometers, and 

concentrations of VOCs at 9 piezometers, 3 intermediate 

aquifer wells, 10 passive-diffusion sampler sites beneath 

the marsh stream adjacent to the southern plantation, 

and 2 surface-water sites in the marsh stream adjacent to 

the southern plantation. The geochemical data include 

concentrations of H2, DO, organic carbon, nitrate plus nitrite, 

manganese, iron (II), sulfate, sulfide, carbon dioxide, pH, 

specific conductance, ORP, and chloride. The VOC data 

include concentrations of a subset of the 64 compounds on 

Schedule 8260B, and the dissolved gasses ethane, ethene, and 

methane.

For convenience in following the discussion, the sampled 

wells and piezometers are grouped with regard to location and 

aquifer. “Upgradient” sites are the two upper aquifer wells 

and one intermediate aquifer well upgradient from the landfill. 

“Northern plantation” and “southern plantation” sites are all 

upper aquifer wells and piezometers in or near the respective 

phytoremediation plantations. “Intermediate aquifer” sites are 

all intermediate aquifer wells downgradient from the landfill; 

no intermediate aquifer wells are in the footprint of the former 

landfill.

Geochemical Data and Predominant Redox 

Conditions

The June 2005 data and the previous geochemical 

data collected by USGS at OU-1 (Dinicola and others, 

2002; Dinicola, 2003, 2004, and 2006; and Dinicola and 

Huffman, 2004) are shown in table 2 (at back of report). The 

predominant redox conditions for June 2005 samples were 

inferred primarily by dissolved oxygen and dissolved H2

concentrations following guidelines described in Dinicola 

(2006).

For June 2005, predominant redox conditions in the 

upgradient wells in the upper aquifer (MW1-3 and MW1-20) 

were mildly reducing (manganese and iron reduction). These 

wells have varied between aerobic and sulfate reducing 

during the past 4 years (table 2). Dissolved organic carbon 

concentrations have been consistently less than 2 mg/L. Redox 

conditions in the upgradient well in the intermediate aquifer 

(MW1-33) have been consistently aerobic.

For June 2005, the strongly reducing conditions 

(sulfate reduction and methanogenesis) most favorable for 

reductive dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs were inferred 

for 6 of 16 upper-aquifer sites in the northern and southern 

phytoremediation plantations. Mildly reducing conditions 

(iron or manganese) were detected at the other upper-aquifer 

sites within the plantations. Methane concentrations of 1.3 

to 10 mg/L were measured at 8 of 9 piezometers in 2005, 

indicating that methanogenic redox conditions are common, 

although not predominant, throughout the former landfill. 

Dissolved organic carbon concentrations, measuring 2.7 to 

22 mg/L in June 2005, have been consistently greater than 

those measured in upgradient wells.

Predominant redox conditions in all intermediate aquifer 

wells downgradient from the landfill have been consistently 

anaerobic (table 2). Mildly reducing conditions (iron 

reduction) were inferred for the intermediate aquifer wells 

at the downgradient margin of the landfill (MW1-25 and 

MW1-28) and methane concentrations were 1 to 2.1 mg/L. 

Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data 7
Dissolved organic carbon concentrations in these wells (5.9 to 

6.3 mg/L in 2005) have been consistently greater than those 

measured in the upgradient well MW1-33 (0.5 mg/L in 2005).

Measured H2 concentrations generally decreased at OU-1 

over the past 5 years, suggesting a trend from strongly- to 

mildly-reducing predominant redox conditions. However, 

sulfide and methane concentrations were consistent during 

that period, indicating persistent sulfate reduction and 

methanogenesis. Overall, no widespread changes in groundwater redox conditions were measured that could result in 

either more or less efficient biodegradation of chlorinated 

VOCs.

Volatile Organic Compounds

VOC data collected by the USGS from piezometers, 

selected wells, and passive-diffusion samplers at OU-1 from 

June 1999 to June 2005 are shown in table 3 (at back of 

report). The data for wells and piezometers are grouped and 

presented as described for table 2, followed by data for marsh 

passive-diffusion samplers and surface-water grab samples. 

Complete analytical results for the USGS data for June 2005 

and previous years are available from the USGS NWIS web 

site http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/qwdata, or in Dinicola 

and others (2002), Dinicola (2003, 2004, and 2006), and 

Dinicola and Huffman (2004).

VOC Concentrations Beneath the 

Phytoremediation Plantations

For the northern plantation in 2005, no TCE, cisDCE, or VC was detected at piezometers P1-1 and P1-5, 

and chlorinated VOC concentrations at P1-3 and P1-4 

were slightly lower than previously measured. The sum of 

concentrations of the reductive dechlorination end-products 

ethane and ethene were measured at 74 and 27 μg/L at 

sites P1-3 and P1-4. The temporal decrease in contaminant 

concentrations beneath the northern plantation, and the 

end-products evidence for reductive dechlorination are 

consistent with 2000-04 results (Dinicola, 2006).

For the southern plantation in 2005, changes in 

chlorinated VOC concentrations at the piezometers were 

variable. Most notable was a substantial decrease in total 

chlorinated VOC concentrations at P1-9 from 75,000 to 

1,000 μg/L between 2004 and 2005. The highest chlorinated 

VOC concentrations at OU-1 most often were measured at 

P1-9 in prior years. The reason for the substantial decrease is 

unknown. Chloride concentration at P1-9 in 2005 (12 mg/L) 

was about one-half that measured in 2004 (26 mg/L) 

suggesting some dilution, but the possible 2-fold dilution 

does not explain the 75-fold decrease in chlorinated VOC 

concentrations. At site P1-10, chlorinated VOC concentrations 

decreased about 25 percent, a historical low for that site. 

The total chlorinated VOC concentrations at P1-7, the most 

highly contaminated sampling location at OU-1 in 2005, was 

92,000 μg/L and consistent with previous levels. Chlorinated 

VOC concentrations at P1-8 decreased substantially after 

2002, and remained relatively low during 2005. The total 

chlorinated VOC concentration increased to 7,600 μg/L during 

2005 at one piezometer (P1-6) from the measured historical 

low of 1,100 μg/L in 2004, although the 2005 concentration 

was less than that measured during 1999-2002. The sum of 

concentrations of the reductive dechlorination end-products 

ethane and ethene were measured at 620 and 525 μg/L at the 

most contaminated sites P1-6 and P1-7, respectively, and 

were estimated at 4 and 10 μg/L at sites P1-9 and P1-10, 

respectively. Those end-product concentrations are reliable 

evidence that reductive dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs is 

ongoing.

VOC Concentrations in the Intermediate Aquifer

In 2005, chlorinated VOC concentrations measured in 

the intermediate aquifer near the downgradient margin of 

the landfill (MW1-25 and MW1-28) were consistent with 

previous data. The sum of concentrations of the reductive 

dechlorination end-products ethane and ethene were measured 

at 19 and 26 μg/L at sites MW1-25 and MW1-28, respectively. 

Further downgradient in the intermediate aquifer beneath the 

Highway 308 causeway, well MW1-39 could not be sampled 

due to recent road work. As in previous years, no VOCs, 

ethane, or ethene were detected in the adjacent well MW1-38.

VOC Concentrations in Marsh Ground Water and 

Surface Water

In 2005 and previous years, the highest chlorinated 

VOC concentrations measured in the marsh passive-diffusion 

samplers were at a site (S-4) about mid-way along the 

sampled stream reach. In 2005, the total chlorinated VOC 

concentration was 70,000 μg/L, which exceeded the previous 

values of 40,000 and 25,000 μg/L measured in 2004 and 

2000, respectively. It is not certain that the measured increase 

in concentrations is representative of site conditions, largely 

because the passive-diffusion samplers are not deployed in 

exactly the same location from year to year. However, at the 

two most contaminated passive-diffusion sampler sites that 

were sampled three times (S-4 and S-5), the total chlorinated 

VOC concentrations have increased each time at both sites. 

In 2005, the second highest chlorinated VOC concentrations 

were measured at site S-5B (about 75 ft upstream of site S-4), 

where the total chlorinated VOC concentration was 14,000 

μg/L. At sites S-4B and S-5 that are located between the 

highly contaminated sites S-4 and S-5B, concentrations of 

chlorinated VOCs were substantially less, indicating a nonuniform pattern of VOC migration towards the marsh creek. 

8 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005
Chlorinated VOCs were positively detected at all passivediffusion sampler sites, and the reductive dechlorination endproducts ethane and ethene were detected at all sites except 

S-4B.

In surface water, low concentrations of cis-DCE and VC 

(6.5 and 2.0 μg/L, respectively) were measured at the upstream 

site (SW-S6). At the downstream site (MA-12), the total 

chlorinated VOC concentration was 830 μg/L, similar to that 

measured by the Navy in 2004.

Summary

Previous investigations have shown that natural 

attenuation and biodegradation of chlorinated VOCs are 

substantial in shallow ground water beneath the 9-acre former 

landfill at Operable Unit 1 (OU-1), Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington. The U.S. 

Geological Survey (USGS) has continued to monitor groundwater geochemistry to assure that conditions remain favorable 

for contaminant biodegradation. This report presents the 

ground-water geochemical and selected VOC data collected 

at OU-1 by the USGS during June 21-24, 2005, in support of 

long-term monitoring for natural attenuation.

The June 2005 data include concentrations of 

redox-sensitive geochemical constituents at 13 wells and 

9 piezometers, and concentrations of VOCs at 9 piezometers, 

3 intermediate aquifer wells, 10 passive-diffusion sampler sites 

beneath the marsh stream adjacent to the southern plantation, 

and 2 surface-water sites in the marsh stream adjacent to the 

southern plantation.

For June 2005, the strongly reducing conditions (sulfate 

reduction and methanogenesis) most favorable for reductive 

dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs were found in fewer 

upper-aquifer wells than were found during 2004. Redox 

conditions in ground water from the intermediate aquifer 

just down-gradient of the landfill remained somewhat 

favorable for reductive dechlorination. Measured dissolved H2

concentrations have generally decreased at OU-1 over the past 

5 years, suggesting a trend from strongly- to mildly-reducing 

predominant redox conditions. However, sulfide and methane 

concentrations were consistent over that period, indicating 

persistent sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. Overall, the 

changes in redox conditions measured at individual wells have 

not been consistent or substantial throughout either the upper 

or the intermediate aquifers.

In the northern plantation, chlorinated VOC 

concentrations at P1-3 and P1-4 were lower than previously 

measured. The decrease in contaminant concentrations 

beneath the northern plantation, and the positive detection 

of reductive dechlorination end-products are consistent with 

2000-04 results.

In the southern plantation, changes in chlorinated VOC 

concentrations at the piezometers were variable. Most notable 

was a substantial decrease in the total chlorinated VOC 

concentration at P1-9 from 75,000 to 1,000 μg/L between 

2004 and 2005. The total chlorinated VOC concentration at 

the most highly contaminated piezometer at OU-1 (P1-7) 

in 2005 was 92,000 μg/L and was consistent with previous 

levels. Chlorinated VOC concentrations at P1-8 decreased 

substantially after 2002 and remained relatively low during 

2005. The high concentrations of the reductive dechlorination 

end-products ethane and ethene measured at the most 

contaminated sites (P1-6 and P1-7), as well as measurable 

concentrations at sites P1-9 and P1-10, are reliable evidence 

that reductive dechlorination of chlorinated VOCs is ongoing 

within the southern plantation.

In the 10 passive-diffusion samplers that were deployed 

beneath the marsh stream, the highest chlorinated VOC 

concentrations were measured at a site about mid-way along 

the sampled stream reach (S-4). In 2005, the total chlorinated 

VOC concentration increased nearly two fold in comparison 

to 2004. It is not certain that the apparent increase in 

concentrations is representative of site conditions. However, 

the chlorinated VOC concentrations have increased each 

time at the two most contaminated passive-diffusion sampler 

sites sampled over multiple years. In the marsh stream, 

chlorinated VOC concentrations in surface water at site SW-S6 

near the upgradient margin of the former landfill were low. 

Concentrations in the stream increased substantially after 

flowing past the southern phytoremediation plantation to the 

downstream site (MA-12).

Overall, the 2005 data were consistent with previous 

findings of continued biodegradation of chlorinated VOCs 

in ground water, along with continued discharge of some 

chlorinated VOCs to surface water in the marsh stream.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Douglas Thelin of the Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, Northwest for his guidance and 

funding for the continued monitoring. Gene Ellis of NUWC 

Keyport provided logistic support for field activities. Stephen 

Cox, Greg Justin, and Karen Payne, of U.S. Geological 

Survey, Tacoma, Washington, assisted with data collection and 

analysis.

References Cited 9
References Cited

American Public Health Association, 1980, Standard methods 

for the examination of water and wastewater (15th ed.): 

Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association. 

Bradley, P.M., Landmeyer, J.E., and Dinicola, R.S., 1998, 

Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C] dichloroethene under 

Mn(IV)-reducing conditions: Applied and Environmental 

Microbiology, v. 64, no. 4, p. 1560-1562.

Brenton, R.W., and Arnett, T.L., 1993, Methods of analysis 

by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality 

Laboratory—Determination of dissolved organic carbon 

by UV-promoted persulfate oxidation and infrared 

spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

92-480, 12 p.

Chapelle, F.H., Vroblesky, D.A., Woodward, J.C., and 

Lovely, D.R., 1997, Practical considerations for measuring 

hydrogen concentrations in groundwater: Environmental 

Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 10, p. 2873-2877.

Dinicola, R.S., 2003, Natural attenuation monitoring data 

during June 2001, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 03-344, 17 p.

Dinicola, R.S., 2004, Selected natural attenuation monitoring 

data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, 

Division Keyport, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 2004-1203, 19 p.

Dinicola, R.S., 2006, Continued biodegradation of 

chloroethene compounds in ground water at Operable 

Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific 

Investigations Report 2006-5056, 42 p.

Dinicola, R.S., Cox, S.E., Landmeyer, J.E., and Bradley, P.M., 

2002, Natural attenuation of chlorinated volatile organic 

compounds in ground water at Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Weapons Center, Division Keyport, Washington: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 02-4119, 19 p. 

Dinicola, R.S., and Huffman, R.L., 2004, Selected natural 

attenuation monitoring data, Operable Unit 1, Naval 

Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 

June 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

2004-1330, 19 p.

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. 

Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—

Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in 

water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., 1989, Methods for 

determination of inorganic substances in water and 

fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of 

Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p.

Hach Company, 1998, DR/2010 Spectrophotometer 

Procedures Manual: Loveland, Colo., Hach Company, 

variously paged. 

Kampbell, D.H., and Vandergrift, S.A., 1998, Analysis of 

dissolved methane, ethane, and ethylene in ground water 

by a standard gas chromatographic technique: Journal of 

Chromatographic Science, v. 36, p. 253-256.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1997, Final summary data assessment 

report for Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare 

Center, Division Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS 

Consultants, Seattle, Wash., for Engineering Field Activity, 

Northwest, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, 

Poulsbo, Wash., 3 v.

URS Consultants, Inc., 1998, Final record of decision for 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Consultants, 

Seattle, Wash., for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

111 p.

URS Greiner, Inc., 1999, Phytoremediation closure report for 

Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington: Prepared by URS Greiner, Inc., 

Seattle, Wash., for Engineering Field Activity, Northwest, 

Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Poulsbo, Wash., 

variously paged.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Methods for 

chemical analysis of water and wastes: Office of Research 

and Development Report EPA 600/4-79-020, Washington 

D.C., 552 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1997 to 2005, National field manual 

for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological 

Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 

9, chaps. A1-A9, 2 v., variously paged. [Also available 

online at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A. Chapters 

originally were published from 1997–1999; updates and 

revisions are ongoing and are summarized at: http://water.

usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/mastererrata.html]

10 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005
Table 2 11

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1–3 06-09-99 Fe 0.8 0.4 – – – 0.07 <0.01 –

06-20-00 Fe .2 .3 2.0 – 0.99 .08 <.01 13

06-12-01 A – 4.0 2.3 1.1 1.1 .04 .02 14

06-10-02 S 2.7 .4 – 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 11

06-17-03 A – 4.3 – 1.7 1.8 .09 .05 12

06-15-04 Mn/Fe .2 .2 – 1.6 – .09 <.01 12

06-20-05 Mn/Fe <.1 .1 – 1.4 1.6 .10 .01 15

MW1–20 06-08-99 Fe .9 .3 – – – .35 .03 –

06-21-00 Fe .4 <.1 2.2 – <.05 .24 .11 16

06-13-01 S 2.1 .2 3.0 1.4 <.05 .28 .01 20

06-12-02 An >100R .1 – 1.4 <.05 .16 .01 17

06-17-03 Fe .5 .2 – 1.7 <.06 .24 .05 18

06-15-04 Mn/Fe .1 .9 – 1.6 – .23 .03 18

06-20-05 Mn/Fe .1 .4 – 1.5 <.06 .25 .21 16

MW1–33 10-07-98 A – 3.3 .1 – – .003 <.01 –

06-21-00 A – 3.8 .7 – 1.3 <.002 <.01 7.5

06-11-01 A – 3.8 1.5 1.4 1.1 <.003 <.01 8.2

06-10-02 A – 3.4 1.2 1.1 <.002 <.01 7.3

06-17-03 A – 3.0 – .7 .98 <.004 <.01 7.4

06-15-04 A – – – .6 – <.008 <.01 6.6

06-20-05 A – 3.5 – .5 1.7 <.006 <.01 6.3

Northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 Fe 0.4 2.8R 7.0 – <0.02 0.18 0.24 7.5

04-16-97 Fe .8 .4 – – .11 – 8.0 1.4

03-05-98 Fe/S .2 .1 8.3 – – .39 12 –

10-09-98 Fe .2 .5 – – – .08 .39 –

06-21-00 Mn/Fe .1 .5 12 – <.05 .96 13 .9

06-11-01 Fe .6 .7 13 12 <.05 .24 2.9 2.2

06-10-02 Fe .4 .2 – 14 <.05 .37 7.3 1.7

06-17-03 Fe .1 .1 – 10 <.06 .17 1.2 2.2

06-16-04 Fe .2 .1 – 7.7 – .09 .38 2.0

06-21-05 Fe .1 .1 – 9.5 <.06 .12 1.8 1.7

MW1–2 09-17-96 A .5 2.4R 6.0 – <.02 .05 .23 4.6

04-16-97 Fe .7 .2 – – <.02 – .13 4.6

03-02-98 Fe .3 – – – – – .16 –

10-07-98 Fe .1 .1 – – – .05 .14 –

06-09-99 Fe .9 .2 – – – .08 .09 –

06-21-00 Fe .3 .1 6.0 – <.05 .06 .10 4.3

06-12-01 S 3.5 .3 5.3 5.0 <.05 .08 .29 5.4

06-11-02 An >20R .1 – 45 <.05 .09 .27 4.2

06-18-03 Fe .2 .1 – 6.0 <.06 .10 .29 4.3

06-17-04 Fe .2 .2 – 6.7 – .10 1.0 4.3

06-22-05 Fe <.1 <.1 – 20 <.06 .10 .44 4.4
12 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH (units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP (mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-09-99 Fe <0.01 – – 81 6.0 202 – –

06-20-00 Fe <.01 0.02 – 82 5.9 205 180 8.4

06-12-01 A <.01 .12 – 90 6.1 203 220 10

06-10-02 S <.01 .06 140 80 5.8 182 400 9.7

06-17-03 A – .02 80 – 6.0 199 200 10

06-15-04 Mn/Fe <.01 .01 – 73 5.7 205 195 9.1

06-20-05 Mn/Fe <.01 – <50 – 6.0 192 – 7.5

MW1-20 06-08-99 Fe <.01 – – 260 6.7 546 – –

06-21-00 Fe <.01 .01 – 240 6.8 530 79 14

06-13-01 S <.01 .27 – 260 6.4 544 250 33

06-12-02 An <.01 .06 97 250 7.0 701 180 29

06-17-03 Fe – .09 90 – 6.3 491 290 32

06-15-04 Mn/Fe <.01 .03 – 260 6.4 552 98 35

06-20-05 Mn/Fe <.01 – 80 – 6.3 520 87 28

MW1-33 10-07-98 A <.01 – – 78 6.6 177 – –

06-21-00 A <.01 .05 – 74 6.7 164 160 4.0

06-11-01 A <.01 .07 – 71 6.2 154 300 3.6

06-10-02 A <.01 .004 31 81 6.5 138 360 3.4

06-17-03 A <.01 .01 25 – 6.3 156 110 3.7

06-15-04 A – <.005 13 – 6.7 165 – 4.0

06-20-05 A – – 18 – 6.6 154 – 4.1

Northern plantation

1MW-1 09-17-96 Fe <0.01 10 - 640 7.9 – – 43

04-16-97 Fe .01 29 – 1,100 7.2 – – –

03-05-98 Fe/S .06 – – – – – – –

10-09-98 Fe .01 – – 660 7.7 1,080 – –

06-21-00 Mn/Fe <.01 .39 – 590 7.0 1,070 -92 44

06-11-01 Fe <.01 5.6 – 550 7.1 974 -110 50

06-10-02 Fe <.01 14 77 520 7.7 835 -160 54

06-17-03 Fe <.01 7.1 50 – 7.3 847 - 54

06-16-04 Fe .03 1.8 18 – 7.0 843 -184 57

06-21-05 Fe .02 - 20 – 7.1 827 -108 48

MW1-2 09-17-96 A <.01 1.2 – 510 6.9 – – 50

04-16-97 Fe <.01 2.5 – 1,100 6.7 – – –

03-02-98 Fe – – – – – – – –

10-07-98 Fe <.01 – – 300 6.7 868 – –

06-09-99 Fe <.01 – – 490 6.8 901 – –

06-21-00 Fe <.01 .04 – 460 6.8 870 37 36

06-12-01 S <.01 .78 – 470 6.5 853 27 48

06-11-02 An <.01 .92 200 500 6.6 829 200 37

06-18-03 Fe <.01 .98 160 – 6.4 870 62 41

06-17-04 Fe – .33 50 – 6.6 858 - 40

06-22-05 Fe <.01 – 75 – 6.3 720 -14 35
Table 2 13

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

MW1–15 09-16-96 Fe 0.2 <0.1 50 – <0.02 5.7 68 0.1

04-16-97 Fe/S .8 <.1 – – <.02 – 77 .1

03-05-98 S 1.2 <.1 33 – – 18 51 –

10-09-98 S 2.9 <.1 – – – 5.8 64 –

06-15-04 S 3.2 .8 – 27 – 6.3 36 <.2

MW1–17 09-17-96 Fe .7 <.1 23 – <.02 1.3 62 4.3

04-16-97 Fe .6 <.1 – – <.02 – 37 68

10-09-98 Fe – <.1 – – – .80 56 –

06-22-00 S 1.2 <.1 11 – – 1.2 68 –

06-12-01 S 2.0–2.7 .4 9.2 8.0 <.05 1.2 48 12

06-17-04 S 2.5 <.1 – 7.5 – .68 >10 18

06-20-05 S 1.5 <.1 – 6.1 <.06 .43 27 7.8

MW1–18 09-17-96 Fe/S 1.0 <.1 28 – <.02 4.0 12 4.6

04-16-97 Fe .5 <.1 – – .05 – 23 8.2

10-07-98 Fe – .2 – – – .77 3.3 –

06-16-04 Fe .7 .2 – 23 – 4.1 >10 .2

MW1–41

 

 

06-09-99 S 1.0 .3 – – – 2.2 60 –

06-21-00 S 1.2 .1 22 – <.05 3.5 55 <.3

06-11-01 S 2.0 .3 14 14 <.05 3.7 66 30

06-10-02 S 2.2 .8 – 20 <.05 3.6 52 .4

06-18-03 S 1.9 <.1 – 19 <.06 3.9 50 <.2

06-17-04 S 2.2 .1 – 19 – 4.0 57 <.2

06-20-05 Fe/S .8 .1 – 17 <.06 3.9 73 <2

P1–1 06-09-99 Fe .7 .4 – – – 4.0 59 –

06-11-02 S 1.4 <.1 – 17 <.05 2.7 40 <.1

06-18-03 S 1.5 <.1 – 18 <.06 3.4 32 <.2

06-17-04 S 1.9 .1 – 16 – 3.1 39 <.2

06-22-05 Fe/S .6 <.1 – 15 <.06 3.1 68 <.2

P1–3 06-09-99 Fe .4 .2 – – – 1.0 19 –

06-11-02 Fe .3 <.1 – 45 <.05 2.6 39 1.0

06-18-03 Fe .3 .1 – 19 <.06 2.0 29 1.8

06-17-04 Fe .7 <.1 – 21 – 2.8 >10 .55

06-22-05 Fe .2 <.1 – 20 <.06 2.8 60 .38

P1–4

 

 

 

 

06-09-99 Fe .7 .3 – – – .34 2.6 –

06-13-01 Fe .1 .5 9.8 8.7 <.05 .38 3.4 3.8

06-11-02 Fe .2 .1 – 8.0 <.05 2.6 3.7 3.5

06-18-03 Fe .2 .1 – 7.0 <.06 .43 4.1 4.0

06-17-04 Fe .1 .1 – 7.6 – .42 3.0 4.0

06-21-05 Fe .1 .1 – 6.7 <.06 .38 2.3 4.6

P1–5 06-08-99 S 3.0 .3 – – – 3.1 72 –

06-10-02 S 1.7 .1 – 25 <.05 2.6 62 <.6

06-18-03 S 2.2 .1 – 24 <.06 3.1 54 <.2

06-17-04 S 2.1 <.1 – 23 – 3.1 >10 <.2

06-21-05 Fe/S .8 .1 – 22 <.06 3.5 74 E.1

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
14 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH (units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP (mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Northern plantation—Continued

MW1–15 09-16-96 Fe <0.01 8.8 – 1,200 – – – 18

04-16-97 Fe/S .03 44 – 1,600 6.3 – – –

03-05-98 S <.01 – – – – – – –

10-09-98 S <.01 – – 750 6.3 1,110 – –

06-15-04 S <.01 .22 760 – 6.3 1,200 – 16

MW1–17 09-17-96 Fe <.01 8.9 – 760 6.5 – – 61

04-16-97 Fe .02 23 – 1,200 6.6 – – –

10-09-98 Fe .02 – – 510 6.4 1,740 – –

06-22-00 S .02 2.8 – 450 6.5 1,260 -41 160

06-12-01 S .01 9.4 – 500 6.5 1,200 -280 120

06-17-04 S – .37 70 – 6.5 318 – 150

06-20-05 S .04 – 80 – 6.3 563 -144 74

MW1–18 09-17-96 Fe/S <.01 11 – 880 7.0 – – 86

04-16-97 Fe <.01 52 – 1,500 6.8 – – –

10-07-98 Fe <.01 - – 920 6.6 1,780 – –

06-16-04 Fe <.01 5.3 70 – 7.1 945 – 47

MW1–41

 

 

06-09-99 S 0.01 – – 860 6.6 1,260 – –

06-21-00 S <.01 1.9 – 1,000 6.5 1,500 -75 8.3

06-11-01 S .02 25 – 980 6.3 1,330 -89 9.9

06-10-02 S .04 21 540 830 6.3 1,190 -68 7.9

06-18-03 S .03 14 500 – 6.3 1,280 93 9.5

06-17-04 S .02 7.4 450 – 6.1 1,300 -165 11

06-20-05 Fe/S .01 – 500 – 6.4 1,300 – 8.7

P1–1 06-09-99 Fe <.01 – – 930 6.4 1,350 – –

06-11-02 S <.01 29 400 650 6.3 987 -80 9.3

06-18-03 S .02 450 – 6.2 1,030 78 11

06-17-04 S .02 3.7 430 – 6.0 987 -153 9.2

06-22-05 Fe <.01 10 370 – 6.3 847 -72 7.1

P1–3 06-09-99 Fe .04 – – 730 6.8 1,470 – –

06-11-02 Fe .03 24 400 820 6.4 1,340 -73 61

06-18-03 Fe .03 – 350 – 6.4 1,400 73 90

06-17-04 Fe <.01 5.7 330 – 6.5 1,350 – 57

06-22-05 Fe .03 8.4 320 – 6.4 1,200 -88 68

P1–4

 

 

 

 

06-09-99 Fe .02 – – 450 6.9 867 – –

06-13-01 Fe <.01 .93 – 390 6.6 761 -78 53

06-11-02 Fe <.01 5.9 90 380 6.7 734 -86 56

06-18-03 Fe .01 4.2 70 – 6.6 778 65 59

06-17-04 Fe .02 1.8 60 – 6.4 782 -163 48

06-21-05 Fe <.01 1.8 42 – 6.6 750 -83 47

P1–5 06-08-99 S .01 – – 850 6.2 1,320 – –

06-10-02 S .02 23 400 730 6.2 1,200 -59 17

06-18-03 S .02 18 650 – 6.2 1,150 65 16

06-17-04 S – 5.8 450 – 6.4 1,160 – 14

06-21-05 Fe/S .04 9.4 400 – 6.3 1,150 -65 13

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 15

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation

MW1–4 09-17-96 Fe 0.5 2.8R 2.0 – <0.02 0.28 1.8 7.1

04-16-97 Fe .6 .4 – – .24 – <.01 8.6

03-03-98 S 1.7 .2 4.0 – – .10 .01 –

10-08-98 Fe .2 .5 – – – – .28 –

06-07-99 Fe .9 .1 – – – .20 1.2 –

06-22-00 Fe .2 .1 8.6 – – .70 – 5.5

06-14-01 S 0.9–3.2 .5 2.9 2.5 .08 .54 1.6 5.4

06-13-02 S 2.4 .1 – 3.8 .08 .47 1.2 5.5

06-20-03 Fe .8 .1 – 2.5 <.06 .53 .22 5.7

06-18-04 Fe .2 .1 – 2.7 – .61 .12 5.9

06-23-05 Mn/Fe .3 .1 – .7 <.06 .14 .03 8.8

MW1–5 09-17-96 S 1.2 <.1 15 – <.02 1.6 19 6.4

04-16–97 Fe .5 <.1 – – .08 – 3.1 2.8

03-04-98 Fe .7 <.1 12 – – 1.3 4.5 –

10-08-98 S 2.4 <.1 – – – 1.5 11 –

06-08-99 Fe .6 .3 – – – 1.2 31 –

06-22-00 Fe – <.1 17 – – 1.5 39 6.4

06-13-01 Fe .8 .3 10 9.6 .12 1.5 25 6.0

06-13-02 S 3.4 .5 – 11 .14 1.5 20 6.3

06-20-03 Fe .1 .1 – 11 <.06 1.5 30 6.8

06-18-04 Fe .1 .4 – 7.2 – 1.8 >10 5.6

06-22-05 Fe <.1 .0 – 8.2 .16 1.2 27 6.7

MW1–6 09-17-96 S 1.1 <.1 33 – 1.2 1.2 30 .1

04-16-97 Fe/S .5 <.1 – – .07 – 36 4.1

10-08-98 Fe .2 <.1 – – – 1.1 32 –

06-22-04 Fe – .2 – 26 – 1.1 >10 .1

MW1–16 09-17-96 S 2.1 <.1 480 – <.02 3.9 130 .2

04-16-97 Fe/S .8 <.1 – – <.02 – 120 2.2

03-04-98 Fe .7 .3 350 – – 18 100 –

10-08-98 M 9.6 <.1 – – – 5.4 180 –

06-07-99 M 6.8 .6 – – – >5 140 –

06-22-00 S – .1 61 – – 1.9 60 1.2

06-14-01 S 1.7 .2 64 66 .33 2.4 56 1.1

06-13-02 M 4.6–7.6 .9 – 71 <.05 3.2 38 .4

06-20-03 S 2.2 .2 – 29 <.6 2.1 37 .6

06-22-04 – – .1 – 36 – 2.1 >10 .1

06-23-05 Fe/S .5 .1 – 20 <.06 2.0 66 .39

P1–6 06-08-99 S 1.8 .1 – – – .12 .02 –

06-14-01 S 1.8 .2 34 34 .23 .45 .95 4.9

06-13-02 S 1.6 <.1 – 26 <.05 .88 1.0 4.3

06-20-03 Fe .3 .2 – 4.1 <.06 .08 .13 7.5

06-18-04 S 1.5 .1 – 10 – .11 1.0 7.2

06-23-05 Fe/S .3 .1 – 5.8 <.06 .17 .15 6.3

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
16 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH (units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP (mV)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation

MW1–4 09-17-96 Fe <0.01 1.2 – 130 6.9 – – 15

04-16-97 Fe <.01 .70 – 270 7.3 – – –

03-03-98 S <.01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 Fe <.01 – – 170 6.7 368 – –

06-07-99 Fe <.01 – – 180 6.6 350 – –

06-22-00 Fe <.01 .56 – 230 6.8 412 -26 19

06-14-01 S <.01 3.7 – 180 6.5 360 -8 22

06-13-02 S <.01 5.2 60 190 6.6 442 -14 20

06-20-03 Fe <.01 3.7 40 – 6.7 324 – 17

06-18-04 Fe <.01 1.1 50 – 6.0 320 91 23

06-23-05 Fe <.01 – <10 – 7.9 203 45 7.3

MW1–5 09-17-96 S <.01 2.4 – 410 6.7 – – 21

04-16–97 Fe .03 18 – 1,400 6.6 – – –

03-04-98 Fe <.01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 S <.01 – – 410 6.4 1,740 – –

06-08-99 Fe .01 – – 510 6.5 855 – –

06-22-00 Fe <.01 1.1 – 460 6.6 790 -80 19

06-13-01 Fe .01 2.4 – 470 6.4 766 -70 12

06-13-02 S .02 7.4 180 740 6.5 608 -77 9.6

06-20-03 Fe .03 4.9 180 – 6.4 711 – 10

06-18-04 Fe – 2.4 200 – 6.5 795 – 9.8

06-22-05 Fe .02 - 70 - 6.3 520 -95 9.5

MW1–6 09-17-96 S <.01 7.0 – 840 6.7 – – 27

04-16-97 Fe/S .15 15 – 1,100 6.5 – – –

10-08-98 Fe .01 – – 720 6.4 1,170 – –

06-22-04 Fe - 3.7 250 - 6.2 945 - 11

MW1–16 09-17-96 S <.01 4.3 – 1,400 6.5 – – 150

04-16-97 Fe/S .06 29 – 1,800 6.5 – – –

03-04-98 Fe .01 – – – – – – –

10-08-98 M <.01 – – 1,600 6.3 3,370 – –

06-07-99 M .01 – – 1,200 6.7 1,820 – –

06-22-00 S .02 1.2 – 510 6.7 902 -130 43

06-14-01 S .08 10 – 610 6.4 953 – 40

06-13-02 M .04 24 270 700 6.5 1,400 -140 17

06-20-03 S .06 9.7 240 – 6.5 835 – 6.8

06-22-04 - .50 4.3 230 – 6.3 817 – 6.9

06-23-05 Fe/S .12 – 225 – 6.6 767 -110 3.8

P1–6 06-08-99 S .04 – – 300 6.8 574 – –

06-14-01 S .12 6.3 – 350 6.4 657 -38 47

06-13-02 S .11 11 170 380 6.4 604 -11 37

06-20-03 Fe .07 4.8 40 – 8.1 278 – 13

06-18-04 S .10 .37 <10 – 8.6 268 – 18

06-23-05 Fe/S .12 1.4 24 – 7.1 332 -53 24

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 17

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic 

carbon (mg/L)

Filtered 

nitrate + 

nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1–7 06-08-99 S 1.2 0.1 – – – 0.61 2.1 –

06-22-00 Mn/Fe – .1 19 – – 2.6 3.2 24

06-14-01 Mn/Fe .2 .2 11 11 <0.05 2.3 2.0 18

06-14-02 Mn/Fe .2 1.3 – 8.9 <.05 2.2 1.9 12

06-20-03 Mn/Fe .1 .1 – 5.6 <.06 1.9 1.3 7.5

06-18-04 Mn/Fe .1 <.1 – 6.9 – 2.4 2.0 9.8

06-22-05 Mn/Fe <.1 .1 – 8.8 <.06 2.1 1.9 26

P1–8 06-07-99 S 1.8 <.1 – – – .20 .08 –

06-14-01 Fe .7 .1 5 4.7 .06 .16 .22 .1

06-13-02 Fe .6 .3 – 8.8 <.05 .21 .38 .3

06-20-03 Fe .6 .1 – 2.3 <.06 .09 .12 .4

06-18-04 Mn/Fe .3 .4 – 3.0 – .13 .01 .4

06-23-05 Mn/Fe .2 .2 – 14 <.06 .12 .12 <.2

P1–9 06-08-99 M 19 .3 – – – .90 .03 –

06-22-00 S/M – .1 10 – – .69 .20 6.6

06-14-01 M 6.7 .1 2.3 1.7 <.05 .19 .05 7.6

06-13-02 An – .6 – 9.8 <.05 1.2 .42 5.6

06-20-03 Fe .2 .1 – 3.7 <.06 .24 <.01 7.0

06-18-04 Mn/Fe .2 .1 – 4.0 – .26 .14 7.3

06-23-05 Mn <.1 .1 – 1.4 <.06 .11 .01 8.7

P1–10 06-07-99 Fe .7 .3 – – – .10 .11 –

06-22-00 Fe – <.1 7.2 – – .07 .25 <.3

06-13-01 S 2.0 .2 3.0 4.2 <.05 .07 .20 .06

06-12-02 Fe .3 .1 – 3.5 <.05 .05 .41 <.1

06-19-03 Fe .2 .1 – 3.5 <.06 .42 .34 2.6

06-18-04 Mn/Fe .1 .1 – 3.5 – .58 .35 <.2

06-22-05 Mn/Fe .1 .1 – 3.3 <.06 .74 .24 <.2

Intermediate aquifer

1MW–4 09-17-96 Fe 0.6 1.6R 23 – <0.02 0.77 1.5 0.04

04-16-97 S 1.8 <.1 – – .03 – 1.7 .4

06-17-04 S 2.7 .1 – 15 – .97 2.0 .8

MW1–25 09-17-96 Fe .4 2.7R 7.4 – .14 .16 .74 16

04-17-97 Fe .8 .1 – – <.02 – .88 15

03-05-98 Fe .3 .3 7.9 – – .20 .73 –

10-05-98 Fe .2 .1 – – – .19 .99 –

06-22-00 Fe .4 .2 6.5 – – .16 .80 13

06-12-01 S 2.8–4.3 .2 7.1 6.8 <.05 .16 .99 13

06-14-02 S 0.7–2.4 .1 – 6.2 <.05 .18 1.1 9.7

06-19-03 Fe .3 .1 – 6.5 <.06 .18 1.1 11

06-16-04 Fe .2 .1 – 6.2 – .17 1.0 10

06-21-05 Fe .1 .1 – 5.9 <.06 .16 1.0 9.5

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
18 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH (units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP (mV) Filtered chloride (mg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1-7 06-08-99 S <0.01 – – 310 6.7 627 – –

06-22-00 Mn/Fe <.01 1.5 – 400 6.8 851 -35 55

06-14-01 Mn/Fe <.01 4.0 – 320 6.5 666 -32 41

06-14-02 Mn/Fe <.01 6.0 87 300 6.6 601 -41 60

06-20-03 Mn/Fe <.01 4.8 50 – 6.6 498 – 42

06-18-04 Mn/Fe <.01 1.7 40 – 6.7 613 – 56

06-22-05 Mn/Fe <.01 2.3 37 – 6.5 637 -20 55

P1-8 06-07-99 S .01 – – 210 7.6 381 – –

06-14-01 Fe .02 6.9 – 200 7.0 363 -73 18

06-13-02 Fe .02 11 40 104 6.9 482 -46 35

06-20-03 Fe <.01 9.6 <10 – 7.2 285 – 3.3

06-18-04 Mn/Fe .01 1.7 <10 – 7.4 336 -218 5.9

06-23-05 Mn/Fe <.01 3.4 <10 – 7.5 308 -147 4.2

P1-9 06-08-99 M <.01 – – 270 6.6 680 – –

06-22-00 S/M <.01 1.7 – 250 6.8 548 -17 59

06-14-01 M <.01 1.4 – 200 7.8 289 -120 14

06-13-02 An <.01 7.5 91 280 6.5 601 17 71

06-20-03 Fe .01 2.5 27 – 7.0 353 – 23

06-18-04 Mn/Fe <.01 .71 35 – 6.7 330 -97 26

06-23-05 Mn <.01 .02 <10 – 8.3 202 22 12

P1-10 06-07-99 Fe <.01 – – 300 6.7 560 – –

06-22-00 Fe <.01 1.3 – 290 7.1 500 -19 15

06-13-01 S <.01 4.9 – 290 7.2 476 -24 15

06-12-02 Fe <.01 18 51 270 6.8 438 8 14

06-19-03 Fe <.01 8.2 30 – 6.6 425 – 16

06-18-04 Mn/Fe <.01 .33 45 – 6.3 422 -69 9.5

06-23-05 Mn/Fe <.01 .71 40 – 6.6 420 4 11

Intermediate aquifer

1MW-4 09-17-96 Fe <0.01 16 – 780 7.3 – – 25

 04-16-97 S .02 47 – 1,300 7.3 – – –

 06-17-04 S .06 4.5 120 - 6.5 1,200 - 25

MW1-25 09-17-96 Fe <.01 3.6 – 360 7.1 – – 140

 04-17-97 Fe <.01 7.9 – 1,000 7.0 – – –

 03-05-98 Fe <.01 – – – – – – –

10-05-98 Fe <.01 – – 450 6.9 1,240 – –

06-22-00 Fe <.01 .79 – 380 6.9 1,230 -49 170

06-12-01 S <.01 4.7 – 440 6.7 1,180 -36 160

 06-14-02 S <.01 7.0 83 370 6.7 1,030 -60 170

 06-19-03 Fe <.01 8.1 65 – 6.7 1,180 -17 170

 06-16-04 Fe <.01 1.4 40 – 7.1 1,210 - 160

06-21-05 Fe <.01 2.1 33 – 6.9 1,150 -9 160

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 2 19

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Dissolved 

hydrogen 

(nM)

Dissolved 

oxygen 

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

(total) 

organic carbon 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved) 

organic carbon (mg/L)

Filtered nitrate + nitrite 

(mg/L as N)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II) 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate 

(mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1–28 09-16-96 Fe 0.3 2.1R 7.2 – <0.02 0.20 1.0 48

04-17-97 Fe 1.0 <.1 – – .04 – .99 51

03-05-98 Fe .4 .5 7.7 – – .20 .67 –

10-07-98 Fe .6 <.1 – – – .19 1.0 –

06-22-00 Fe .3 <.1 13 – – .16 .66 44

06-12-01 S/M 4.1–5.7 .5 10 6.9 <.05 .16 .90 45

06-14-02 An >100R .1 – 7.0 <.05 .16 .92 39

06-19-03 S 2.5 .1 – 6.8 <.06 .16 .66 39

06-16-04 Mn/Fe .2 .1 – 5.9 – .18 <.01 36

06-21-05 Fe .1 .2 – 6.3 <.06 .16 .98 37

MW1–29 09-16-96 Mn/Fe .0 1.9R – – <.02 .86 2.0 1.8

04-17-97 Fe .7 <.1 – – .29 – 2.1 1.1

06-16-04 Fe .9 <.1 – 3.2 – .99 3.0 <.09

MW1–38 10-09-98 Fe – .1 – – – .20 .08 –

06-20-00 Fe .1 .2 5.6 – <.05 .08 .10 2.3

06-12-02 S 1.4 <.1 5.0 – <.05 .08 .42 2.9

06-16-04 Mn/Fe .2 .1 – 4.9 – .06 .04 1.2

06-24-05 Fe .3 .1 – 4.4 <.06 .06 .09 3.3

MW1–39 09-16-96 Fe/S .6 2.0R 4.4 – <.02 .02 <.01 .7

04-17-97 S 4.5 <.1 – – <.02 – .05 13

03-03-98 Fe/S .3 .3 3.7 – – .10 .03 –

10-09-98 Fe/S .5 <.1 – – – <.01 .04 –

06-07-99 Fe/S 1.0 .3 – – – .10 .02 –

06-20-00 Fe/S .5 .1 2.4 – <.05 .01 .07 .2

06-12-01 S 1.4 .3 3.4 3.3 <.05 .01 <.01 .1

06-12-02 M >30R <.1 – 2.8 <.05 .01 .1 .1

06-19-03 S 1.8 .1 – 2.5 <.06 .01 <.01 1.2

06-16-04 S 2.0 .1 – 2.4 – .01 .05 .1

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data. All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligram per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
20 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study 

site No.

Date 

sampled

Predominant 

redox 

condition 

Unfiltered 

sulfide 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

bicarbonate 

(mg/L)

pH (units)

Specific 

conductance 

(μS/cm)

ORP (mV) Filtered chloride (mg/L)

Intermediate aquifer—Continued

MW1–28 09-16-96 Fe <0.01 1.7 – 350 – – – 380

04-17-97 Fe <.01 5.3 – 1,100 7.4 – – –

03-05-98 Fe <.01 – – – – – – –

10-07-98 Fe .02 – – 320 6.6 2,630 – –

06-22-00 Fe <.01 .45 – 480 7.3 2,460 -87 510

06-12-01 S/M <.01 4.1 – 480 7.4 2,200 -220 490

06-14-02 An <.01 3.9 40 470 7.2 2,580 -110 460

06-19-03 S <.01 1.7 32 – 7.1 2,440 -40 490

06-16-04 Mn/Fe <.01 .77 21 – 7.2 2,280 – 450

06-21-05 Fe <.01 1.0 23 – 6.9 2,210 -124 472

MW1–29 09-16-96 Mn/Fe .02 8.1 – 300 – – – 500

04-17-97 Fe <.01 18 – 710 7.3 – – –

06-16-04 Fe <.01 – 18 - 7.3 2,660 – 660

MW1–38 10-09-98 Fe .02 – – 310 7.8 1,460 – –

06-20-00 Fe .03 .10 – 300 7.8 1,240 -130 230

06-12-02 S .04 1.1 7.7 310 7.6 1,350 -160 230

06-16-04 Mn/Fe .03 .13 11 – 7.4 1,130 – 200

06-24-05 Fe .03 .05 <10 – 7.7 1,210 -116 230

MW1–39 09-16-96 Fe/S .04 1.6 – 140 – – – 85

04-17-97 S .06 6.1 – 360 7.9 – – –

03-03-98 Fe/S .05 – – – – – – –

10-09-98 Fe/S .07 – – 170 8.1 502 – –

06-07-99 Fe/S <.01 – – 180 8.0 512 – –

06-20-00 Fe/S .08 .41 – 180 8.0 481 -130 61

06-12-01 S .05 2.7 – 170 7.8 472 -130 61

06-12-02 M .06 4.8 2.4 180 7.9 464 -120 60

06-19-03 S .05 5.4 <10 – 7.7 456 32 58

06-16-04 S .07 .72 <10 – 7.4 451 -216 58

Table 2. Predominant redox conditions at wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1996 to 2005.—Continued

[Shaded rows indicate newly published data All other data were published in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), and Dinicola (2004); prior to 2000, 

bicarbonate was calculated from an unfiltered sample. Reported concentrations less than the detection limit usually are estimated. A range of dissolved hydrogen 

concentrations are shown when equilibration at a single value was never achieved. Predominant redox conditions: A, aerobic; An, anaerobic, but specific 

redox condition could not be determined; Fe, iron reducing; M, methanogenic; Mn, manganese reducing; S, sulfate reducing. Abbreviations: nM, nanomolar; 

mg/L, milligrams per liter; μS/cm, microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; mV, millivolt. Symbols: R, data 

rejected (selected 1996 dissolved-oxygen data were rejected because of inadequate well purging; selected 2002 dissolved-hydrogen data were rejected because 

of interference from downhole instruments); <, actual value is less than value shown; >, actual value is greater than value shown; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 21

Study

site No. Date sampled PCE(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cisDCE

(μg/L)

transDCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-20 06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 – –

06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

MW1-33 06-15-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

Northern plantation

1MW-1 06-16-04 <20 <20 130 130 730 10 50

MW1-2 06-17-04 <50 12 630 13 110 5.9 1.1

MW1-15 06-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 .32 <1.0 .26 <5.0 <5.0

MW1-17 06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 .68 .23 .48 2.4 <5.0

MW1-18 06-16-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 19 18

MW1-41 06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 .27 <1.0 .23 10 <100

P1-1 06-09-99 <2 11 6.1 <1 <4 – –

06-11-02 <.2 <.20 .16 .11 <.2 – –

06-18-03 <1.0 <1.0 .28 <1.0 <1.0 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 29 8.6

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.16 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 35 450 20 120 – –

06-11-02 <.2 <.20 53 4.3 72 – –

06-18-03 <2.0 <2.0 58 4.5 79 – –

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 15 2.4 41 33 27

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 11 1.3 35 44 30

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 160 4,800 56 540 – –

06-13-01 <20 <20 4,900 46 650 – –

06-11-02 <.2 1.2 3,600 41 640 – –

06-18-03 <100 <100 3,200 42 440 – –

06-17-04 <130 <130 2,300 29 370 7.1 29

06-21-05 <67 <67 2,100 E30 360 E7 E20

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 440 400 3.5 11 – –

06-10-02 <.20 <.20 .28 .78 .4 – –

06-18-03 <25 <25 7.8 <25 <25 – –

06-17-04 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 23 <10

06-21-05 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 E23 <100

Southern plantation

MW1-4 06-18-04 <1,000 32,000 15,000 <1,000 1,600 32 200

MW1-5 06-18-04 <1.0 .26 .29 <1.0 .74 6.7 <50

MW1-6 06-22-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <100 <100

MW1-16 06-22-04 <10 <10 2.3 4.2 2.2 38 38

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 74 16,000 170 5,400 – –

06-14-01 <20 370 16,000 220 9,900 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 3,700 170 5,100 – –

06-18-03 <50 470 1,100 39 1,300 – –

06-18-04 <20 <20 220 11 570 7.0 210

06-22-05 <130 <130 4,200 E90 2,900 E30 590

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

diffusion samplers, and in surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), Dinicola (2004), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004). 

Reported concentrations less than the detection limit are estimated. Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Methane data are presented for diffusion samplers only. Abbreviations:

E, estimated value; μg/L, microgram per liter; dup, duplicate; blank, field blank; <, actual value is less than value shown; nd, not detected; –, not analyzed]
22 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study

site No. Date sampled 1,1,1-TCA(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total 

BTEX

(μg/L)

Total 

CVOCs

(μg/L)

Upgradient

MW1-3 06-15-04 – – – – – –

MW1-20 06-12-02 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 nd nd

06-15-04 – – – – – –

MW1-33 06-15-04 – – – – – –

Northern plantation

1MW-1 06-16-04 <20 11 <40 <20 nd 1,000

MW1-2 06-17-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 nd 770

MW1-15 06-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 .88 <1.0 30 1.5

MW1-17 06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 .31 1.4

MW1-18 06-16-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd nd

MW1-41 06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 1.7 <1.0 nd 2.2

P1-1 06-09-99 <2 .24 <4 <2 19 17

06-11-02 <.20 .46 <.2 <.20 6.8 .73

06-18-03 <1.0 .26 <2.0 <1.0 3.9 .54

06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 4.4 nd

06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 E.19 <1.0 3.5 .35

P1-3 06-09-99 <16 <16 3.6 <16 nd 630

06-11-02 <.20 .60 9.9 .20 3.3 140

06-18-03 <2.0 .56 5.2 <2.0 1.7 150

06-17-04 <1.0 .38 6.9 <1.0 2.4 66

06-22-05 <1.0 .31 2.6 <1.0 2.3 65

P1-4 06-09-99 <130 <130 <270 <130 nd 5,600

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 nd 5,600

06-11-02 <.20 <10 .8 9.9 1.1 4,300

06-18-03 <100 <100 <200 <100 nd 3,700

06-17-04 <130 <130 <270 <130 nd 2,700

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 nd 2,500

P1-5 06-08-99 <13 <13 15 <13 47 870

06-10-02 <.20 .27 20.9 <.20 18 23

06-18-03 <25 <25 19 <25 nd 27

06-17-04 <10 <10 23 <10 4.5 23

06-21-05 <10 <10 21 <10 8.2 33

Southern plantation

MW1-4 06-18-04 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 nd 49,000

MW1-5 06-18-04 <1.0 .36 3 <1.0 0.92 4.6

MW1-6 06-22-04 <1.0 <1.0 1.7 <1.0 1.9 1.7

MW1-16 06-22-04 <10 590 290 <10 370 900

P1-6 06-08-99 <400 1,500 300 <400 nd 23,000

06-14-01 <20 4,800 610 11 88 32,000

06-13-02 <20 4,300 1,400 <20 63 15,000

06-18-03 <50 380 270 <50 nd 3,600

06-18-04 <20 200 88 <20 nd 1,100

06-22-05 <130 <130 400 <130 nd 7,600

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

diffusion samplers, and in surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.—Continued.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), Dinicola (2004), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004). 

Reported concentrations less than the detection limit are estimated. Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Methane data are presented for diffusion samplers only. Abbreviations:

E, estimated value; μg/L, microgram per liter; dup, duplicate; blank, field blank; <, actual value is less than value shown; nd, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 23

Study

site No. Date sampled PCE(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cisDCE

(μg/L)

transDCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 26,000 35,000 210 3,100 – –

06-22-00 3.60 27,000 44,000 220 3,800 – –

06-14-01 <20 26,000 37,000 190 4,000 – –

06-14-02 <20 37,000 62,000 400 5,700 – –

06-20-03 <2,000 28,000 35,000 <2,000 2,800 – –

06-18-04 <3,300 37,000 61,000 <3,300 5,100 36 520

06-22-05 <2,000 28,000 59,000 E330 5,000 E45 480

P1-8 06-07-99 <710 190 25,000 210 3,400 – –

 06-14-01 <20 810 8,600 62 4,200 – –

06-13-02 <20 <20 24,000 190 7,700 – –

06-20-03 <10 230 31 <10 7.2 – –

06-18-04 <1.0 .26 2.7 <1.0 23 <50 4.2

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 7 <1.0 21 <50 <50

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 48,000 88,000 470 7,200 – –

06-22-00 5.00 88,000 64,000 320 5,800 – –

06-14-01 <40 29,000 7,300 32 450 – –

06-13-02 <20 90,000 79,000 590 7,900 – –

06-20-03 <1,000 60,000 27,000 <1,000 1,800 – –

06-18-04 <1,300 50,000 23,000 <1,300 2,100 16 200

06-23-05 <20 230 700 E3.2 97 <5 4

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 14,000 34,000 270 2,500 – –

06-22-00 1.00 8,700 13,000 100 2,300 – –

06-13-01 <20 6,600 12,000 68 1,900 – –

06-12-02 <20 4,600 7,000 55 2,000 – –

06-19-03 <400 2,300 9,400 <400 1,100 – –

06-18-04 <200 1,600 3,900 <200 890 12 46

06-23-05 <100 1,100 3,000 E29 700 E3 7

Intermediate aquifer

1MW-4 06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5.3 <50

MW1-25 06-14-02 <20 280 1,800 31 280 – –

06-19-03 <67 14 1,800 34 210 – –

06-06-04 – – – – – 4.7 15

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,700 E30 220 E6 E13

MW1-28 06-14-02 <20 69 1,600 72 700 – –

06-19-03 <50 <50 1,200 68 470 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – 3.8 26

06-21-05 <67 <67 1,550 84 650 E4 E22

MW1-38 06-12-02 <.20 <.20 <.20 <.20 <.20 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

06-21-05 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

MW1-39 06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 .56 <1.0 1.3 – –

06-16-04 – – – – – <5.0 <5.0

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

diffusion samplers, and in surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington—Continued.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), Dinicola (2004), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004). 

Reported concentrations less than the detection limit are estimated. Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Methane data are presented for diffusion samplers only. Abbreviations:

E, estimated value; μg/L, microgram per liter; dup, duplicate; blank, field blank; <, actual value is less than value shown; nd, not detected; –, not analyzed]
24 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study

site No. Date sampled 1,1,1-TCA(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total 

BTEX

(μg/L)

Total 

CVOCs

(μg/L)

Southern plantation—Continued

P1-7 06-08-99 <670 <670 <1,300 <670 nd 64,000

06-22-00 .24 17 8.4 72 18 75,000

06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 44 nd 68,000

06-14-02 <20 14 <20 64 nd 105,000

06-20-03 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 nd 69,000

06-18-04 <3,300 <3,300 <6,700 <3,300 nd 103,000

06-22-05 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 nd 92,000

P1-8 06-07-99 <710 <710 <1,400 <710 nd 29,000

 06-14-01 <20 <20 <20 <20 nd 14,000

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 16 nd 32,000

06-20-03 <10 4.2 <20 <10 nd 270

06-18-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 20

06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 30

P1-9 06-08-99 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 nd 140,000

06-22-00 <10 2.6 <20 47 36 160,000

06-14-01 <40 <40 <40 <40 nd 37,000

06-13-02 <20 <20 <20 54 11 180,000

06-20-03 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 nd 89,000

06-18-04 <1,300 <1,300 <2,700 <1,300 nd 75,000

06-23-05 <20 <20 <40 <20 nd 1,000

P1-10 06-07-99 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 nd 51,000

06-22-00 <.1 1.2 .13 16 12 24,000

06-13-01 <20 <20 <20 11 nd 21,000

06-12-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 nd 14,000

06-19-03 <400 <400 <800 <400 nd 13,000

06-18-04 <200 <200 <400 <200 nd 6,500

06-23-05 <100 <100 <200 <100 nd 4,800

Intermediate aquifer

1MW-4 06-17-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd nd

MW1-25 06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 nd 2,400

06-19-03 <67 <67 <130 <67 nd 2,100

06-06-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 nd 2,000

MW1-28 06-14-02 <20 <20 <20 <20 nd 2,400

06-19-03 <50 <50 <100 <50 nd 1,700

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <67 <67 <130 <67 nd 2,300

MW1-38 06-12-02 <.20 <.20 <.20 <.20 nd nd

06-16-04 – – – – – –

06-21-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd nd

MW1-39 06-19-03 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 2.0

06-16-04 – – – – – –

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

diffusion samplers, and in surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington—Continued.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), Dinicola (2004), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004). 

Reported concentrations less than the detection limit are estimated. Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Methane data are presented for diffusion samplers only. Abbreviations:

E, estimated value; μg/L, microgram per liter; dup, duplicate; blank, field blank; <, actual value is less than value shown; nd, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Table 3 25

Study

site No. Date sampled PCE(μg/L)

TCE

(μg/L)

cisDCE

(μg/L)

transDCE

(μg/L)

VC

(μg/L)

Ethane

(μg/L)

Ethene

(μg/L)

Marsh passive diffusion samplers

N1 07-07-00 <0.1 0.13 0.68 <0.1 <0.2 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 0.94 <5.0

N2 07-07-00 <.1 0.42 46 2.5 86 – –

07-15-04 <2.0 1.6 83 3.4 38 3.6 12

N3 07-07-00 <.1 16 410 13 130 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 1.0 .72 <1.0 8.7 <5.0

N4 07-07-00 <.1 .77 13 .72 3.4 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 .23 22 1.8 2.4 68 <5.0

N5 07-07-00 <.1 .83 13 .35 .24 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 4.6 <1.0 .36 1.0 <5.0

N6 07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 20 .91 9.3 8.8 .66

N7 07-07-00 <.1 .91 6.7 .23 1.9 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 1.7 <1.0 .40 1.3 <5.0

N8 07-07-00 <.1 .12 7.6 .23 3.2 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 .78 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

C1 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 .51 .28 .25 – –

 07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 12 <50

C2 07-07-00 <.1 .11 3.8 .25 12 – –

C3 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 2.2 <.1 .44 – –

S1 07-07-00 <.1 1.4 8.2 .69 1.5 – –

06-29-05 <1.0 3.5 26 .83 20 1.8 2.9

S2 07-07-00 <.1 .60 11 1.3 2.8 – –

06-29-05 <2.5 6.4 92 .69 17 .69 1.4

S2B 06-29-05 <1.0 4.9 34 1.1 11 16 2.4

S3 07-07-00 <.1 .63 9.9 9.5 220 – –

06-29-05 <4.0 <4.0 2.6 4.0 3.2 4.0 88

S3B 06-29-05 <20 4.6 100 88 39 5.3 7.3

S4 07-07-00 <.1 45 19,000 140 5,600 – –

07-15-04 <1,000 <1,000 23,000 <1,000 17,000 22 1,100

06-29-05 <2,000 12,000 53,000 <2,000 5,300 16 180

S4B 06-29-05 <4 120 140 1.2 13 <5.0 <5.0

S5 07-07-00 <.1 49 80 1.3 17 – –

07-15-04 <50 16 730 <50 97 .87 12

06-29-05 <120 730 940 7.8 60 <5.0 <5.0

S5B 06-29-05 <400 1,200 12,000 100 330 <5.0 2.4

S6 07-07-00 <.1 .24 8.0 .22 1.1 – –

07-15-04 <1.0 10 4.6 <1.0 <1.0 <5.0 <5.0

06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 3.0 .24 2.5 9.3 12

Surface water grab samples

MA12 06-29-05 <20 93 640 4.4 82 – –

SW-S6 06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 6.5 .23 2.0 – –

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

diffusion samplers, and in surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington—Continued.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), Dinicola (2004), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004). 

Reported concentrations less than the detection limit are estimated. Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Methane data are presented for diffusion samplers only. Abbreviations:

E, estimated value; μg/L, microgram per liter; dup, duplicate; blank, field blank; <, actual value is less than value shown; nd, not detected; –, not analyzed]
26 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

Study

site No. Date sampled 1,1,1-TCA(μg/L)

1,1-DCA

(μg/L)

CA

(μg/L)

1,1-DCE

(μg/L)

Total 

BTEX

(μg/L)

Total 

CVOCs

(μg/L)

Marsh passive diffusion samplers

N1 07-07-00 <0.1 <0.1 – <0.1 nd 1

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd nd

N2 07-07-00 <.1 1.61 – <.1 0.57 140

07-15-04 <2.0 .76 <4.0 <2.0 nd 130

N3 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – 1.2 nd 570

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 .43 2

N4 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – <.1 .14 18

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 1.1 26

N5 07-07-00 <.1 .22 – <.1 .28 15

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 5

N6 07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 .25 30

N7 07-07-00 <.1 .15 – <.1 .27 10

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 2

N8 07-07-00 <.1 .12 – <.1 .13 11

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 1

C1 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – <.1 1.4 1

 07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 .71 nd

C2 07-07-00 <.1 .11 – <.1 2.7 16

C3 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – <.1 nd 3

S1 07-07-00 <.1 4.7 24 <.1 2.6 40

06-29-05 <1.0 3.6 3.7 <1.0 .30 58

S2 07-07-00 <.1 6.1 10 <.1 2.6 32

06-29-05 <2.5 2.5 2.6 <2.5 .53 120

S2B 06-29-05 <1.0 3.4 6.1 <1.0 .94 60

S3 07-07-00 <.1 460 36 <.1 5.9 730

06-29-05 <4.0 87 29 <4.0 nd 126

S3B 06-29-05 <2.0 2.1 7.7 <2.0 1.3 150

S4 07-07-00 <.1 .91 20 73 5.1 25,000

07-15-04 <1,000 <1,000 <2,000 <1,000 nd 40,000

06-29-05 <2,000 <2,000 <4,000 <2,000 nd 70,000

S4B 06-29-05 <20 <20 <40 <2.0 nd 270

S5 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – .17 .15 150

07-15-04 <50 <50 <100 <50 nd 840

06-29-05 <20 <20 <40 <20 nd 1,700

S5B 06-29-05 <400 <400 <800 <400 nd 14,000

S6 07-07-00 <.1 <.1 – <.1 .62 10

07-15-04 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 nd 15

06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 8.7 6

Surface water grab samples

MA12 06-29-05 <20 7.9 <40 <20 nd 830

SW-S6 06-29-05 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0 0.59 9

Table 3. Concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds in ground-water samples from monitoring wells, piezometers, and 

diffusion samplers, and in surface-water samples from the marsh stream collected by the USGS from 1999 to 2005 at Operable Unit 1, 

Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington—Continued.

[All data except those shaded were published previously in Dinicola and others (2002), Dinicola (2003), Dinicola (2004), and Dinicola and Huffman (2004). 

Reported concentrations less than the detection limit are estimated. Laboratory data qualifier codes, such as “D” for dilution, are not shown. Volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs); PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; 

1,1,1-TCA, 1,1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 1,1-dichloroethane; CA, chloroethane; 1,1-DCE, 1,1-dichloroethene; total BTEX, sum of benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenzene, and xylene; total CVOCs, sum of chlorinated volatile organic compounds. Methane data are presented for diffusion samplers only. Abbreviations:

E, estimated value; μg/L, microgram per liter; dup, duplicate; blank, field blank; <, actual value is less than value shown; nd, not detected; –, not analyzed]
Appendix A. 27

Quality assurance and control of geochemical sampling 

included collecting duplicate samples for selected redoxsensitive analytes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 

analyzing a field blank sample for VOCs. Field blanks were 

collected by pumping VOC-free water through previously 

used and cleaned tubing to determine possible sampling 

contamination in samples collected at known contaminated 

wells only; new tubing was used to sample from wells that 

were known to be uncontaminated or slightly contaminated, 

and from piezometers sampled for the first time. Complete 

laboratory quality assurance and control data from SevernTrent Laboratories is on file in the USGS office in Tacoma, 

Washington.

Duplicate sample results compared favorably for all 

constituents (table A1). A duplicate sample was collected and 

analyzed for organic carbon, manganese, sulfate, and chloride 

for piezometers P1-9 and P1-3. The duplicate results for those 

constituents agreed within 16 percent. A duplicate sample was 

collected and analyzed for piezometers P1-3 and P1-9 and the 

CVOC concentrations agreed within 10 percent (table 3).

Chloroethenes, chloroethanes, and benzene, toluene, 

ethylbenze, and xylene (BTEX) were not detected in the field 

blank sample of pumped VOC-free water (site P1-9FB). No 

ethene, ethane, or chloroethene or choroethane compounds of 

interest were detected in laboratory method.

Appendix A. Quality Assurance and Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2005 

Geochemical Sampling

Table A1. Quality assurance data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division 

Keyport, Washington.

[Study site No.: D denotes duplicate sample; FB denotes field blank sample. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): PCE, tetrachloroethene; TCE, 

trichloroethene; cis-DCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene; trans-DCE, trans-1,2-dichloroethene; VC, vinyl chloride; TCA, 1,1-trichloroethane; 1,1-DCA, 

1,1-dichloroethane, CA, chloroethane; BTEX, benzene, toluene, ethylbezene, and xylene; CVOCs, sum of all chloroethenes and chloroethane concentrations 

shown in table. Abbreviations: E, estimated value; mg/L, milligrams per liter; mg/L, micrograms per liter; nd, not detected. Symbols: <, actual value is less than 

the value shown; –, not analyzed]

Study 

site No.

Date

sampled

PCE

(mg/L)

TCE

(mg/L)

cis-DCE

(mg/L)

trans-DCE

(mg/L)

VC

(mg/L)

Ethane

(mg/L)

Ethene

(mg/L)

TCA

(mg/L)

1,1-DCA 

(mg/L)

CA 

(mg/L)

1,1-DCE 

(mg/L)

P1-3 06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 11 1.3 35 44 30 <1.0 0.31 2.6 <1.0

P1-3D 06-22-05 <1.0 <1.0 9.9 1.2 33 38 27 <1.0 .34 2.7 <1.0

P1-9 06-23-05 <20 230 700 E3.2 97 <5 4 <20 <20 <40 <20

P1-9D 06-23-05 <20 210 640 3.1 90 <5 3.7 <20 <20 <40 <20

P1-9FB 06-23-05 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <5 <5 <1.0 <1.0 <2.0 <1.0

Study 

site No.

Date

sampled

Total

Dissolved 

oxygen

(mg/L)

Filtered 

NO2 + NO3

(mg/L)

Filtered 

(dissolved)

organic 

carbon

(mg/L)

Filtered 

manganese 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

iron (II)

(mg/L)

Filtered 

sulfate

(mg/L)

Unfiltered 

sulfide

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

methane 

(mg/L)

Dissolved 

carbon 

dioxide 

(mg/L)

Filtered 

chloride 

(mg/L)

BTEX

(mg/L)

CVOCs

(mg/L)

P1-3 06-22-05 23 65 <0.1 – 20 2.8 – 0.38 0.03 8.4 320 68

P1-3D 06-22-05 23 61 <.1 – 20 2.8 – .37 .03 – – 68

P1-9 06-23-05 nd 1,000 <.1 – 1.4 .11 0.01 8.7 <.01 .02 <10 12

P1-9D 06-23-05 nd 940 <.1 – 1.0 .13 – 8.5 <.01 .02 <10 18

P1-9FB 06-23-05 nd nd – <0.06 – <.006 – <.2 – <5 – <.20
28 Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005

This page intentionally left blank.
Manuscript approved for publication, December 7, 2006

Prepared by the USGS Publishing Network, 

Publishing Service Center, Tacoma, Washington

Bill Gibbs 

Debra Grillo

Sharon Wahlstrom

Bobbie Jo Richey

Publishing Service Center, Sacramento, California

Virginia Wenslaff

For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the 

Washington Water Science Center Director, 

U.S. Geological Survey, 934 Broadway — Suite 300

Tacoma, Washington 98402

http://wa.water.usgs.gov
OFR 2006–1374 Dinicola and Huffman

Selected Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea 

Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June 2005