Concentrations of Elements in Sediments and Selective 

Fractions of Sediments, and in Natural Waters in 

Contact with Sediments From Lake Roosevelt, 

Washington, September 2004

Open-File Report 2006–1350

Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
Cover: Photograph of Lake Roosevelt from near Hunters Point. (Photograph taken by 

Robert Drzymkowski, U.S. Geological Survey, September 2002.)

Inset 1: Deploying box corer. (Photograph taken by Greg Justin, U.S. Geological Survey, 

September 2004.)

Inset 2: Isolating core for incubation experiment. (Photograph taken by Greg Justin, 

U.S. Geological Survey, September 2004.)

Inset 3: Stirring of water overlying cores secured in incubator. (Photograph taken by 

Anthony Paulson, U.S. Geological Survey, September 2004.)
Concentrations of Elements in Sediments and 

Selective Fractions of Sediments, and in 

Natural Waters in Contact with Sediments 

From Lake Roosevelt, Washington, 

September 2004

By Anthony J. Paulson, Richard J. Wagner, Richard F. Sanzolone, and Stephen E. Cox

Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service

Open-File Report 2006–1350

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006

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reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Paulson, A.J., Wagner, R.J., Sanzolone, R.F., and Cox, S.E., 2006, Concentrations of elements in sediments and 

selective fractions of sediments, and in natural waters in contact with sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, 

September 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2006-1350, 84 p.
iii

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................1

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and Scope .......................................................................................................................................2

Methods...........................................................................................................................................................2

Sampling Methods................................................................................................................................2

Incubation Experiments.......................................................................................................................6

Higher Energy Tumbling Experiments................................................................................................7

Laboratory Methods.............................................................................................................................7

Total Digestion..............................................................................................................................7

Sequential Selective Extraction ................................................................................................7

Instrumental Analysis and Quality Assurance.................................................................................8

Total Digestion..............................................................................................................................8

Sequential Selective Extraction ................................................................................................9

Water Samples...........................................................................................................................10

Concentrations of Elements in Sediment and Water.............................................................................11

Sediment Samples..............................................................................................................................11

Total Digestion of Samples.......................................................................................................11

Sequential Selective Extraction ..............................................................................................11

Water Samples....................................................................................................................................11

Reservoir Water.........................................................................................................................12

Porewaters..................................................................................................................................12

Water Overlying Incubation Cores..........................................................................................12

Supernatants from Higher Energy Tumbling Experiment....................................................12

Summary........................................................................................................................................................13

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................13
Tables

Table 1. Location and date and time of sampling sites in Lake Roosevelt, Washington,

September 2004.............................................................................. 4

Table 2. Components of composite samples, types of replicate samples, and physical

characteristics of sediments............................................................... 4

Table 3. Quality-control data for analysis of sediments .......................................... 15

Table 4. Interlaboratory comparison for analysis of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead,

and zinc in the composite samples ...................................................... 20

Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of 

sediments .................................................................................... 21

Table 6. Analyses of field filtering blanks and results from submission of blind water

reference standards ........................................................................ 29

Table 7. Quality-assurance assessment of water samples....................................... 34

Table 8. Water samples identified as outliers...................................................... 35

Table 9. Results of incubation control experiment ................................................ 35

Table 10. Number of detections in sediments, selective extractants, reservoir waters,

porewaters, incubation core samples, and supernatants of the tumbling

experiments ................................................................................. 38

Table 11. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in

composite samples and field replicates ................................................ 40

Table 12. Vertical and horizontal variation of concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth

elements and non-metals .................................................................. 41

Table 13. Concentrations of metals in composite samples and field replicates ............... 42

Table 14. Vertical and horizontal variaton of concentrations of metals ........................ 44

Table 15. Concentrations of lanthanide and actanide elements in composite samples

and field replicates ........................................................................ 45

Table 16. Vertical and horizontal variation of concentrations of lanthanide and actinide

elements .................................................................................... 46

iv

Figures

Figure 1. Map showing sampling sites in Lake Roosevelt, Washington ........................ 3

Figure 2. Diagram showing core for incubation experiment after withdrawal of a time

interval sample .............................................................................. 6
Table 17. Concentrations of alkali, alkaline earth, non-metals, and actinide elements

from selective extraction fractions of composite sediment samples ............... 47

Table 18. Concentration of metals from selective extraction fractions of composite

sediment samples ........................................................................... 48

Table 19. Source of reservoir water, water column properties, and compositing data of

porewater samples ........................................................................ 50

Table 20. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in

reservoir water from Lake Roosevelt...................................................... 51

Table 21. Concentrations of metals in reservoir water from Lake Roosevelt .................. 52

Table 22. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in reservoir water from

Lake Roosevelt .............................................................................. 53

Table 23. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in the

porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments ................................................ 54

Table 24. Concentrations of metals in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments............ 56

Table 25. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in the porewater of Lake

Roosevelt sediments ........................................................................ 58

Table 26. Description of incubation experiments using plastic acrylic core liners ............ 60

Table 27. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in water

from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt ......... 61

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using

sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt...................................................... 65

Table 29. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in water from incubation

experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt .............................. 73

Table 30. Depth interval, weights of wet sediment, slurry, dry sediment, porewaters,

and reservoir water during tumbling experiment ....................................... 77

Table 31. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline elements and non-metals in

supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment cores and river

sediment with slag from Lake Roosevelt ................................................ 78

Table 32. Concentrations of metals in supernatants from tumbling experiments using

sediment cores and river sediment with slag from Lake Roosevelt .................. 80

Table 33. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in supernatants from

tumbling experiments using sediment cores and river sediment with slag

from Lake Roosevelt ........................................................................ 82

Tables—Continued
Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations and Acronyms

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch 

gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois 

square kilometer (km2

) 0.38611 square mile

kilogram per day 0.0010 metric ton per day

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile 

kilometer (km) 0.5400 mile, nautical 

liter (L) 61.02 cubic inch 

liter (L) 0.2642 gallon 

liter (L) 33.82 ounce, fluid 

liter (L) 2.113 pint 

liter (L) 1.057 quart 

milliliter (mL) 0.00026 milliliter

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch 

meter (m) 1.094 yard (yd) 

square centimeter (cm2

) 0.1550 square inch 

square meter (m2

) 10.76 square foot 

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C=(°F-32)/1.8

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) 

or micrograms per liter (μg/L).

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 

(NGVD 29).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27).

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviation or acronym Meaning

AAE Alkali and alkaline earth

AVS Acid volatile sulfide

CERC (USGS) USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center 

DI de-ionized water

HPDE high density polyethylene

IAEA International Atomic Energy Association

ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

ILOD instrumental limit of detection

L&A lanthanide and actinide

LOI loss on ignition

NIST National Institute of Science and Technology

NRCC National Research Council of Canada

RPD relative percent difference

rpm revolutions per minute

SRM standard reference material

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

vi
Concentrations of Elements in Sediments and Selective 

Fractions of Sediments, and in Natural Waters in Contact 

with Sediments From Lake Roosevelt, Washington, 

September 2004

By Anthony J. Paulson, Richard J. Wagner, Richard F. Sanzolone, and Steven E. Cox

Abstract

Twenty-eight composite and replicate sediment samples 

from 8 Lake Roosevelt sites were collected and analyzed for 

10 alkali and alkaline earth elements, 2 non-metals, 20 metals, 

and 4 lanthanide and actinide elements. All elements were 

detected in all sediment samples except for silver (95 percent 

of the elements detected for 1,008 analyses), which was 

detected only in 4 samples. Sequential selective extraction 

procedures were performed on single composite samples 

from the eight sites. The percentage of detections for the 

31 elements analyzed ranged from 76 percent for the first 

extraction fraction using a weak extractant to 93 percent for 

the four-acid dissolution of the sediments remaining after the 

third sequential selective extraction.

 Water samples in various degrees of contact with the 

sediment were analyzed for 10 alkali and alkaline earth 

elements, 5 non-metals, 25 metals, and 16 lanthanide and 

actinide elements. The filtered water samples included 

10 samples from the reservoir water column at 8 sites, 32 

samples of porewater, 55 samples from reservoir water 

overlying sediments in 8 cores from the site incubated in 

a field laboratory, and 24 water samples that were filtered 

after being tumbled with sediments from 8 sites. Overall, the 

concentrations of only 37 percent of the 6,776 analyses of 

the 121 water samples were greater than the reporting limit. 

Selenium, bismuth, chromium, niobium, silver, and zirconium 

were not detected in any water samples. The percentage of 

concentrations for the water samples that were above the 

reporting limit ranged from 14 percent for the lanthanide and 

actinide elements to 77 percent for the alkali and alkaline earth 

elements. Concentrations were greater than reporting limits 

in only 23 percent of the analyses of reservoir water and 29 

percent of the analyses of reservoir water overlying incubation 

cores. In contrast, 47 and 48 percent of the concentrations 

of porewater and water samples tumbled with sediments, 

respectively, were greater than the reporting limit.

Introduction

The Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area is 

heavily contaminated from trace elements discharged to 

the Columbia River from mining activities. A number of 

studies have reported elevated contaminant concentrations 

in Lake Roosevelt sediments (Johnson and others, 1990; 

Bortelson and others, 2001; Majewski and others, 2003; Cox 

and others, 2005) and in fish (Munn and others, 1995; EVS 

Consultants, 1998; Munn, 2000). In 1994, the U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) reported that concentrations of cadmium, 

copper, lead, mercury, and zinc in sediments were elevated to 

levels greater than biological impairment criteria in surficial 

sediments (Bortelson and others, 2001).

Lake Roosevelt was formed on the Columbia River 

by Grand Coulee Dam, which was constructed in the late 

1930s and early 1940s to supply irrigation water, control 

flooding, and produce hydroelectric power. Lake Roosevelt 

is the largest reservoir by volume in Washington, and one of 

the largest in the Nation in total storage. Lake Roosevelt is 

in north-central Washington and extends 217 km upstream 

of the dam, to within 24 km of Canada. The surface area of 

the lake is 324 km2, with a full-pool elevation of 393 m. The 

stage level of the lake varies as much as 24 m annually due to 

operation of Grand Coulee Dam, with a mean annual water 

retention time of about 40 days, which varies substantially 

depending on reservoir management. The average depth is 

36 m and maximum depth 114 m. Major tributaries include 

the Colville River, Kettle River, Spokane River, and Sanpoil 

River. Additional physical data describing Lake Roosevelt and 

the upper reach of the Columbia River in the United States are 

provided by Bortleson and others (2001).

The upper Columbia River and Lake Roosevelt are 

major recreational and economic resources that draw between 

1 and 1.5 million visitors each year. A large attraction is 

the sport fishery, which includes walleye (Stizostedion 

vitreum), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), kokanee 

(Oncorhynchus nerka), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and 
smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), as described by 

McDowell and Griffith (1993). Contamination of fish from 

Lake Roosevelt was discovered in the early 1980s, when 

elevated concentrations of trace elements were found in fish 

collected from Lake Roosevelt near Grand Coulee Dam 

(Lowe and others, 1985). In a review of the literature, Serdar 

(1993) reported that several studies had documented elevated 

concentrations of trace elements, including mercury, in fish 

from Lake Roosevelt.

The elevated metal concentrations in Lake Roosevelt have 

been attributed to the transport of metallurgical waste and slag 

from a lead-zinc smelter in Trail, British Columbia, Canada 

(Bortleson and others, 2001). Since 1900, the smelter has 

discharged slag into the Columbia River at a rate of about 360 

metric tons per day in recent years (Cominco Metals, 1991). 

In addition, decades of discharge of liquid effluent from the 

smelter in British Columbia contributed most of the zinc, lead, 

and cadmium detected in a recent sediment-coring study of 

Lake Roosevelt (Cox and others, 2005). Currently, the smelter 

discharges trace elements through its wastewater system. 

Other sources of trace elements in Lake Roosevelt include the 

Spokane River, which transports trace elements from mining 

areas around the Coeur d’Alene drainage (Yake, 1979), and 

additional historical mining activities in the region.

The 1992 sediment-quality assessment by Bortelson and 

others (2001) also included laboratory sediment bioassays. 

Lethal and sub-lethal effects were observed in laboratory 

toxicity tests with two aquatic organisms (Hyalella azteca, an 

amphipod, and Ceriodaphnia dubia, a water flea) exposed to 

bed sediments collected from near the International boundary 

and from some sites in Lake Roosevelt. The survival or 

reproduction of at least one, and commonly both, of the 

organisms was adversely affected by sediments collected from 

the free-flowing reach of the Columbia River entering Lake 

Roosevelt.

 The bioavailability of metals in sediments has long been 

an issue in ecotoxicology (Luoma, 1983). Large differences in 

toxicity have been reported from sediments with similar metal 

concentrations but different physical or chemical parameters 

(for example, grain size, redox conditions, total and dissolved 

organic carbon, sulfide content, mineralogy, or hydrology). 

Early efforts to characterize metal availability in sediments 

were focused on applying a series of treatments with 

increasingly stronger chemical severity to the sediment prior to 

elemental analysis and quantification. This approach, referred 

to as sequential selective extraction, attempts to identify 

which and how much of particular metals are associated with 

particular sediment fractions, usually operationally defined by 

the treatments used. These approaches have been the subject 

of several reviews (Luoma, 1983; Tack and Verloo, 1995; 

Filgueiras and others, 2002).

Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this report is to present data about 

the elemental composition of sediments collected from 

Lake Roosevelt in September 2004, to evaluate the release 

of elements from the sediments after sequential selective 

extraction, and to determine the concentration of elements in 

filtered water after contact with the sediments. Several types of 

reservoir water (surface water, porewater, water incubated with 

sediments, and water tumbled with sediment) were analyzed 

for elemental concentrations.

Methods

Sampling sites were spaced throughout the reservoir to 

capture the areal distribution of trace element concentrations 

in sediment from the inlet to the Grand Coulee Dam 

(fig. 1). In addition, one site with minimal influence from 

the downstream movement of slag material, on the Sanpoil 

River, was selected to serve as representative of background 

conditions. Large landslides of terrestrial material along 

the shoreline, cited as causing anomalies in the chemistry 

profiles of previous sediment cores on the lake (Cox and 

others, 2005), were clearly visible and were avoided during 

the site selection process. Operation of the dam can result 

in changes in water level within the reservoir by as much 

as 24 m annually, and dewatering has been demonstrated to 

affect the biogeochemical cycling of metals and suggested as 

a mechanism that controls the population and diversity of the 

benthic community (Bortelson and others, 2001). To minimize 

this potential effect, sediment sampling locations were 

selected only where water depths were greater than 12 m and 

had been permanently watered for the previous 2 years.

Sampling Methods

One site per day (table 1) was sampled by boat between 

September 21 and 28, 2004, at water depths between 12 and 

18 m using a 13.5 × 13.5 × 23-cm deep box corer, following 

the protocol for collection and processing described by the 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2001). Four different 

types of sediment subsamples were collected at each site: (1) 

one 6.5-cm diameter sediment core (6.2 to 12.3 cm long) with 

intact overlying reservoir water for the sediment incubation 

experiments, (2) numerous 6.5-cm diameter plugs of the top 

2 cm of sediment for extraction of porewater, (3) one 4.4-cm 

diameter core of up to 10 cm in length for evaluation of the 

vertical trends in elemental composition of the sediments, 

and (4) sediment within the top 10 cm taken from numerous 

   Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
wa19-0026-NPS-FDR-Data_Fig.01

Colville

River

Columbia

River

Sa

npoil R

vi

er

River

Spokane

119°

49°

48°

30’

48°

118°30' 118° 117°30’

NATIONAL PARK

 SERVICE BOUNDARY

USGS COMPOSITE 

 SAMPLE SITE

USGS COMPOSITE AND

 CORE SAMPLE SITE

EXPLANATION

Base from U.S. Geological Survey

Washington State base map. 1:500.00, 1982, NAD 27

Canadian portion is based on information from the National Topographic System

Map sheet number NTS 82-5 Nelson, edition 3 copyright 1986.

Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission

of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1:250,000

0 4 8 12 16 20 MILES

0 4 8 12 20 2416 26 KILOMETERS

LR-7

+ Replicate

LR-6

LR-5

LR-4

LR-3

LR-2

LR-1

SA-8

WASHINGTON STATE

Location

of figure

Inchelium

Northport

Creston

Wilbur

Fort

Spokane

Grand

Coulee

Dam

Kettle

Falls

Trail

CANADA

UNITED STATES Kett el River

FRANKLIN

D.

ROOSEVELT

LAKE

BRITISH COLUMBIA

WASHINGTON

Figure 1. Sampling sites in Lake Roosevelt, Washington.

Methods   
box cores for the preparation of the large-volume composite 

sample (10 L). Sediment from the composite sample was used 

to analyze the grain-size distribution, loss on ignition (LOI) 

by heating to 450oC for 4 hours, the elemental composition 

of the solid sediments, and the elemental composition of 

three operationally defined solid fractions sequentially and 

selectively extracted from the sediments.

Some difficulties were experienced during sampling. For 

example at site LR-2, the corer was not closing properly when 

sampling at a depth of 13 m because gravel-sized sediments 

jammed the closing mechanism; and the site was moved 

to deeper water (about 26 m) for all sediment collection. 

Obtaining a sealed core for the incubation experiment 

was difficult because the box corer usually penetrated the 

sediments only 4 to 6 cm at water depths of 13 m and the 

reservoir water often leaked at the corners of the cores. The 

sandy texture of the sediments at LR-1 prevented the box 

corer from forming an intact seal, and no incubation core was 

obtained at this site. Alternative sites LR-4A (about 30 m) and 

LR-5A (about 25 m) that allowed greater penetration of the 

sampler (table 2) were sampled in order to collect intact cores 

for the incubation experiments. One porewater sample and one 

sediment sample were analyzed at these two alternative sites. 

The coarse texture of the sediment from site LR-2 at 13 m, 

which is within the elevation range of drawdown, probably is 

a result of winnowing of finer materials by wave action during 

the annual reservoir drawdown as the water surface of the 

reservoir dropped below the elevation from which sediments 

were taken.

Table 1. Location and date and time of sampling sites in Lake 

Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004.

Site 

identifier Date Time Latitude Longitude

Average 

depth

(meters)

LR-1 09-21-04 16:00 47.942 -118.911 12.2

LR-2 09-24-04 13:30 47.883 -118.529 25.9

LR-3 09-23-04 12:50 48.155 -118.199 14.3

LR-4 09-25-04 11:40 48.394 -118.179 14.0

LR-4A 09-25-04 13:00 48.395 -118.179 29.9

LR-5 09-26-04 11:20 48.696 -118.022 12.8

LR-5A 09-26-04 16:00 48.681 -118.026 25.3

LR-6 09-27-04 12:10 48.819 -117.974 13.7

LR-71 09-28-04 14:00 48.923 -117.771 14.0

SA-8 09-22-04 17:20 48.036 -118.668 18.3

RM-7432 09-13-02 11:45 48.971 -118.642 0

1

Replicate sample LR7-R also collected.

2

Unsorted riverine sediment with slag collected from a sand beach at river 

mile 743 near the International boundary as part of previous study (Cox and 

others, 2005).

Table 2. Components of composite samples, types of replicate samples, and physical characteristics of sediments. 

[Replicate solid samples were either collected from sections (S) at the given depths or from the centrifuged sediments after extraction of porewaters (PW) with 

a PW designation letters A through F; multiple letter indicates compositing of samples from multiple cores (see tables 11-16. Abbreviations: LOI, loss on ignition; AVS, acid volatile sulfide; mmol/g, micromole per gram; cm, centimeter; –, not applicable; ND, not determined]

Site 

identifier Sample type

Components of composite sample

Replicate

solid samples

Physical characteristics (in percent)

Comments

Number 

of cores

Average 

length

of core 

(cm)

Sand Silt Clay Moisture LOI AVS 

(μmol/g)

LR-1 Composite 18 4 PW = B,C 82.0 14.6 3.4 27.2 0.70 0.04 Biofilm on top of coarse gravels.

LR-2 Composite 7 10 S = 0–1, 7–10 33.8 39.1 27.1 72.6 5.80 3.07

LR-3 Composite 12 6 S = 0–1, 5–6 6.9 38.8 54.4 55.5 3.90 .55

LR-4 Composite 14 4 PW = A,F 79.6 13.0 7.3 27.0 .50 .005 Biofilm over fine sand.

LR-4A Incubation core – – 1.3 63.9 38.8 75.5 5.57 ND

LR-5 Composite 15 4 PW = B,D 43.0 13.5 43.5 52.0 3.40 1.43

LR-5A Incubation core – – 50.6 40.9 8.5 60.3 3.47 ND

LR-6 Composite 6 4 S = 0–1, 3–4 81.7 13.1 5.2 54.7 3.10 7.43

LR-7 Composite1 10 4 PW = E,F 90.7 9.3 .0 26.3 .60 10.9 Coarse material.

SA-8 Composite 12 6 S = 0–1, 5–7 24.0 32.4 43.6 48.4 4.10 .40

1

Replicate sample LR-7-R also collected.

   Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
All plasticware (acrylic square and tubular core liners, 

styrene weighing pans, Teflon® spatulas, polypropylene 

spoons, beaker covers, centrifuge tubes and closures, allplastic syringes, Teflon® syringe tips, and high-density 

polyethylene (HDPE) jars for sediments and bottles for water 

samples) for this study was cleaned with Liquinox®, rinsed 

with de-ionized water (DI), soaked in 5 percent trace-metal 

grade HCl, and rinsed with DI. Plasticware that came in 

contact with water samples analyzed for aqueous elemental 

concentrations was additionally soaked in 4 N trace-metal 

grade HNO3, rinsed with DI water, rinsed with 0.16 N Optima 

HNO3, rinsed with DI water, and dried in a laminar flow hood. 

The lot of acid-cleaned 25-mm Millex Durapore® in-line 

filters was pre-tested for contamination with the acid-cleaned, 

all-plastic syringes before executing the field sampling, and all 

results were acceptable.

Upon bringing the box corer onboard with a sealed core, 

a tubular 6.5-cm diameter acrylic core liner was inserted into 

the middle of the 13.5 × 13.5-cm box-core liner in a manner 

in which the intact reservoir water was preserved. The water 

outside of the inner acrylic core liner was siphoned off and 

the remainder of the sediments in the box core outside the 

acrylic core liner was then removed to the compositing bowl. 

The bottom of the acrylic core was then sealed with Parafilm® 

held by a rubber cap. The gritty nature of the slag material 

collected at site LR-7 caused it to break through the Parafilm® 

seal and required that the incubation core liner be pre-sealed. 

Duplicate sediment samples from site LR-7 were collected in 

two 4.4-cm diameter core liners from two different box cores 

(LR-7 and LR-7R), which were then carefully inserted into the 

larger 6.5-cm diameter pre-sealed incubation core liners. After 

the smaller core liners were removed and the sediment settled, 

the larger core liners were each filled with different samples of 

surface water from the site. The tops of incubation core liners 

were sealed with Teflon® tape and polypropylene beaker 

covers that contained a center hole for the stirrer and two 

small holes for Teflon® syringe tips. The tops of the sealed 

cores were wrapped in Parafilm® and the cores were carefully 

placed in a carrying caddy in a cooler that was packed with 

ice for transport to the USGS field laboratory at Fort Spokane, 

Wash., where core incubation experiments began within 8 

hours and continued for about a month.

Sediment for porewater extraction was obtained by 

inserting 4.4-cm diameter core liner into the middle of the 

box core to the bottom for core samples that were 4 to 6 cm 

long. After any reservoir water that had not leaked from the 

corners of the box core was siphoned off, sediment around 

the tubular core liner was moved aside. The 4.4-cm diameter 

plug of sediment was excavated by sliding a thin styrene tray 

under the core liner and removing the core liner containing 

the sediment plug from the box core. The tubular core liner 

was removed from the tray, and the top 2 cm of the sediment 

plug was packed into a 50-mL polypropylene centrifuge tube 

with a polypropylene spoon. Precautions to prevent sediment 

contact with atmospheric oxygen were not taken because the 

sediments had already been exposed when reservoir water 

leaked out of the poorly sealed box corer. After sealing the 

centrifuge tube closure with Parafilm®, centrifuge tubes 

from multiple box cores were double sealed in plastic bags 

and transported to the field laboratory on ice. Within 8 

hours, the sediment was centrifuged at 2,000 revolutions per 

minute (rpm) for 20 min. Within a portable laminar flow 

hood, the supernatant in the centrifuge tube was withdrawn 

from the centrifuge tube into an all-plastic syringe, filtered 

through a 25-mm 0.22-μm pore size Millex Durapore® 

in-line filter into a 30-mL HDPE bottle, and preserved to a 

concentration of 0.16 N Optima HNO3. If sufficient water was 

extracted (a minimum of 6 mL), porewater from individual 

cores was analyzed. Otherwise, water from multiple cores 

was composited before analyses. Water from each site was 

collected either from a draining or sealed box corer, or from 

the surface of the water column (sites LR-5A and LR-7), 

filtered, preserved, and stored in a HDPE bottle to compare 

to porewater concentrations. Additional reservoir water 

was collected either from sealed box cores, draining box 

cores, or surface water in 500-mL HDPE bottles to replace 

water withdrawn for sample analysis during the incubation 

experiments, as described later in this report.

At sites LR-2, LR-3, LR-6, and SA-8, a second core 

was collected that was sufficiently long to warrant collecting 

sections of a vertical core. A 4.4-cm diameter core liner was 

inserted into the middle of the box core and all reservoir water 

was siphoned off. All sediment to a depth of 10 cm around the 

tubular core liner was added to the composite bowl. Parafilm® 

on an aluminum plate was slid under the tubular core liner 

and the assembly was placed on an extruder piston. The plate 

was removed and the sediment was sealed onto the piston 

by the Parafilm®. The core liner was manually moved down 

the piston in 1-cm increments, which exposed vertical core 

sections of sediments that were placed into plastic bags. Onecm sections from deeper sections of the cores at sites LR-2 

(7-10 cm), LR-3 (5-6 cm), and LR-6 (3-4 cm), were combined 

before elemental analysis. Likewise, 1-cm sections (5-7 cm) of 

a longer-than-average core (7 cm) from SA-8 were combined. 

The sediment remaining in the centrifuge tubes from 0-2 cm 

samples after the extraction of porewater was analyzed for 

elemental composition to assess variability in elemental 

composition of sediments at sites LR-1, LR-4, LR-5, and 

LR-7, where the box core only penetrated about 4 cm.

Sediment from multiple box cores (between 6 and 18 

cores) was required to obtain 10 L of sediment to prepare the 

composite sample for toxicity testing by the USGS Columbia 

Environmental Research Center (CERC) laboratory in 

Columbia, Mo. (table 2). After examination by archaeologists 

for cultural resources using plastic utensils, sediment outside 

of the tubular core liners used to collect incubation cores, 

Methods 
porewater samples, and vertical sections (to a depth of 10 cm) 

or sediment from the entire surface area of the box core to a 

depth of 10 cm was added to the compositing bowl. After a 

sufficient volume of sediment was collected, the composite 

was manually mixed for about 60 seconds. Aliquots from 

the compositing bowl were placed in a 500-mL HDPE 

wide-mouth bottle for elemental analysis and a 200-mL 

polypropylene jar for sequential selective extraction. A 

replicate composite sample (LR-7R) was collected at site LR-7 

from additional box-core samples. Aliquots of the composite 

samples for elemental composition were shipped to the USGS 

Minerals Laboratory in Denver, Colo. Samples for analysis 

by sequential selective extraction were first shipped to the 

USGS Water Science Center in Austin, Tex. for freeze drying, 

and were then shipped to the USGS Minerals Laboratory for 

later analysis. Aliquots of composite samples (two 3.79-L 

low-density polyethylene jugs) for analysis of grain size, 

loss on ignition, acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and sediment 

composition of selective elements were transported on ice first 

to the field laboratory, refrigerated at the field laboratory until 

the field exercise was completed, then shipped on ice to the 

USGS CERC laboratory.

Figure 2. Core for incubation experiment after withdrawal of a time interval 

sample.

Incubation Experiments

Incubation experiments were designed to 

simulate potential release of aqueous elements 

under lake-like conditions. Upon returning to 

the field laboratory at Fort Spokane, Wash., 

each evening, the incubation core was placed 

in a holder in one of two incubators set at the 

temperature of the bottom reservoir water 

(approximately 18o C for sites LR-2, LR-3, 

LR-4A, and SA-8; and approximately 14oC 

for LR-5A, LR-6, LR-7, and LR-7R. The 

polypropylene beaker cover was removed and site 

water was added to fill the core to the top. The rod 

of a polypropylene paddle was inserted through 

the center hole of the cover (leaving a gap less 

than 1 mm). The cover was resealed with Teflon® 

tape in a manner that positioned the paddle in the 

middle of the overlying water (fig. 2). The rod end 

of the paddle was attached to a motor set at 4 rpm, 

which was run continuously for the duration of the 

experiment. Two Teflon® syringe tips attached 

to all-plastic syringes were inserted to the depth 

of the paddle through press-fit holes. After about 

an hour, an 11-mL sample was withdrawn from 

the overlying water with the withdrawal syringe 

and filtered through a 25-mm 0.22-μm Millex 

Durapore® in-line filter into a 15-mL HDPE 

bottle under the confines of a laminar flow hood 

and preserved to a final concentration of 0.16 N 

Optima HNO3. After the withdrawal syringe was 

placed back on its tip, the replacement syringe 

was removed from the second inserted tip and 

filled with 11 mL of site water to replace the first 

11-mL aliquot. The 11 mL of replacement water 

was then slowly added to the overlying water. This 

removal and replacement process was repeated 

4 rpm Motor

Coupler

Shaft

Acrylic

incubator

shelf

Polypropylene

paddle

Inverted

polypropylene

beaker cover

Replacement

syringe

Withdrawal

syringe

Teflon®

seal

Teflon®

syringe

tip

Overlying

water

Acrylic

core

liner

Sediment

Parafilm

seal

Rubber

end cap

Air

gap

®

wa19-0026-NPS-FDR-Data_Fig.02

 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
at intervals of 2 and 4 days, and approximately 8, 16, and 

32 days, with a duplicate sample being taken at approximately 

16 days. In addition to the small gap between the cover and 

the stirring rod, the overlying water was in contact with the 

atmosphere only during portions of the 15 minutes required to 

process a sample through the 10-cm-long syringe tip.

At the end of the month-long incubation experiment 

(November 3, 2004), the reservoir water in each core was 

siphoned into a receptacle to measure the volume and pH. 

Each sediment core was then placed on an extruder, the 

bottom rubber cap cut away, and the top 2 cm was extruded 

into a 125-mL wide-mouth HDPE bottle and transported on 

ice to the USGS Washington Water Science Center, Field 

Service Unit in Lakewood, Wash., for the higher energy 

tumbling experiment. The lower portions of each core were 

placed in polypropylene jars, frozen, and transported to the 

USGS CERC laboratory for analysis of dissolved organic 

carbon in the porewaters.

Higher Energy Tumbling Experiments

The extent of release of metals from sediments is 

partially determined by the extent of mixing of water and 

sediments. The physical configuration of incubation cores 

and the slow speed of the paddle in the incubation experiment 

provided a low level of physical interaction between sediments 

and water, similar to a lake environment. The sediment from 

the top 2 cm from each incubation core was further exposed to 

water under a higher energy tumbling experiment, similar to 

a higher energy riverine environment. Approximately 30 mL 

of site water was added to each pre-weighed 125-mL widemouth HDPE bottle containing the sediment and the bottle 

was reweighed. In addition, gritty sediment at the bottom 

of incubation cores LR-5A (4.7-6.2 cm) and LR-6 (4.2 and 

5.2 cm) also were tumbled with site water. Two samples of 

approximately 150 grams of river sediment with slag collected 

by Cox and others (2005), and labeled as RM 743 also were 

tumbled with approximately 80 mL of LR-7 site water. The 

bottles containing the slurries were sealed and attached to 

a vertical 1-m wheel attached to a motor, which caused the 

bottles to be turned end over end seven times a minute. After 

15 minutes, the wheel was stopped and the slurry was allowed 

to settle. Within a laminar flow hood, 11 mL of supernatant 

was withdrawn, filtered through a 25-mm 0.22-μm Millex 

Durapore® in-line filter into 15-mL HDPE bottles and 

preserved to a final concentration of 0.16 N Optima HNO3. 

The 125-mL bottles were placed on the rotating wheel for 

43 days, at which time the samples were taken off the wheel 

and allowed to settle for one day before the supernatant was 

filtered, and preserved. The 125-mL bottles were then placed 

in an oven and the sediment dried at 105oC to obtain the mass 

of the dry sediment and the percent moisture of the original 

sediment in the top 2 cm of the 6.5-cm diameter core, and the 

water:sediment ratio of each slurry.

Laboratory Methods

Total Digestion

Upon arrival at the USGS Minerals Laboratory in Denver, 

Colo., the aliquots from the composite samples, vertical 

sections, and sediments from the extraction of porewaters 

were oven-dried (table 2). The sediments were then digested 

using hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric acids 

(lab code T20 as described in Briggs and Meier, 2002). This 

digestion procedure is not suitable for refractory elements. 

Laboratory quality-assurance procedures included digestion 

of the standard reference material (SRM) MAG-1 (duplicate), 

National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) 2704, 

and SCO-1 and analysis of the digestion solution. A duplicate 

of standard National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) 

PACS-2 and the standard International Atomic Energy 

Association (IAEA) -405 were submitted as field samples. In 

addition, the total digestion of the eight composite samples 

using the four-acid digestion was compared to the strong-acid 

digestion used by the USGS CERC laboratory.

Sequential Selective Extraction

The sequential selective extractions procedure partitioned 

the trace elements within the sample into four operationally 

defined fractions that have been related to the bioavailability 

and mobility of elements. Discussion and assessment of 

sequential selective extraction techniques are summarized 

by Tessier and others (1979) and Chao (1984). Sequential 

selective extraction procedures of the composite sediment 

samples followed those of the European Commission of 

Standards, Measurements, and Testing (Rauret and others, 

2001) and were evaluated by comparison to results of 

sequential selective extraction of the freshwater reference 

sediment BCR-701. The first fraction of the sequential 

selective extraction is presumed to contain elements weakly 

sorbed to the surface of sediment particles and elements 

associated with carbonate coatings. The second fraction 

contains elements associated with iron and manganese oxide 

coatings on the surface of sediment grains. The third fraction 

contains elements associated with organic matter and sulfide 

mineral coatings phases. Solid material remaining after the 

three extraction treatments is considered the recalcitrant 

residual material consisting largely of independent mineral 

grains.

Methods 
Aliquots of the composite samples from each of the eight 

sites for analyses of sequential selective extracts were freezedried in Austin, Tex., beginning on October 1, 2004. The 

frozen samples were placed in a Labconco Freeze drier with 

condenser temperature of less than -40oC. The atmosphere in 

the freeze-drier was evacuated to facilitate sublimation of the 

ice from the sediment-ice mixture. Samples were held in the 

freeze-drier for 4 days to complete the drying process. During 

the second, third and fourth days, progressive warming of the 

evacuated chamber up to 60oC was applied to facilitate drying. 

When completely dry, the sediment samples were resealed in 

their original containers and forwarded to the USGS Minerals 

Laboratory for analysis.

A four-step sequential selective extraction procedure was 

performed on the aliquots of each of the composite sediment 

samples from the eight sites and the standard reference 

material BCR-701 in January 2005 at the USGS Minerals 

Laboratory. As part of the laboratory quality assurance, a 

process blank and wash blank were analyzed to assess bias 

and two pairs of duplicate sediment samples were used to 

assess variability in the trace-element concentration data for 

each step of the sequential selective extraction process. The 

process blank consisted of processing the appropriate reagent 

for each of the four steps through the extraction procedure in 

the absence of sediment. Following each step of the sequential 

selective extraction, the extract fraction was washed with DI 

water and the wash solution of each sample was composited 

to provide an average wash blank to quantify the amount of 

metals potentially lost during the rinsing process of each step. 

One of the duplicate pairs was the standard reference material 

BCR-701, for which certified concentrations of cadmium, 

chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc have been determined 

for the sequential selective extraction procedures used in this 

study. The other sediment sample used for duplicate analysis 

was the aliquot from the composite sample from site LR-5.

For fraction 1, 40 mL of 0.11 M acetic acid was added 

to an acid-cleaned polypropylene centrifuge tube containing 

1 g of sediment and the tube was shaken on a Fisher Scientific 

mechanical rotator, set at 18 rpm for 16 ± 0.5 hours at 

23oC. After centrifuging for 20 minutes at 15,000 rpm, the 

supernatant was decanted into an acid-cleaned polypropylene 

centrifuge tube and refrigerated until analysis by inductively 

coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) within 10 days. 

The sediments were washed with 20 mL of DI water by 

shaking for 15 minutes in a centrifuge tube, the tube was 

centrifuged for 20 minutes at 15,000 rpm, and the supernatant 

decanted into an acid-cleaned polypropylene centrifuge 

tube for wash-blank analysis. Additionally, a process blank 

was prepared by submitting DI water to all processes of the 

fraction 1 extraction.

For fraction 2, 40 mL of 0.5 M hydroxylamine 

hydrochloride was added to the tube containing the washed 

sediment remaining after the procedure for fraction 1. The 

sediment then was shaken for 16 hours at 23oC. The slurry 

was then centrifuged, the supernatant decanted into a separate 

bottle, and the sediments were then washed as in procedure 

for fraction 1 for a fraction 2 wash blank. A process blank also 

was prepared for fraction 2.

For fraction 3, the washed sediment remaining after 

removing fraction 2 was digested in 10 mL of 8.8 M H2O2 

and stabilized to pH 2-3 for 1 hour at 22oC. The digestion was 

continued for another hour at 85oC, allowing evaporation to 

decrease the volume to 3 mL. Another 10 mL of H2O2 was 

added to the sediment and digested for a third hour at 85oC, 

allowing the volume to decrease to 1 mL during the last 

30 minutes. Fifty mL of DI water was added to the centrifuge 

tube, which was then shaken for 16 hours at 22oC. After 

centrifugation, the supernatant was decanted into a separate 

bottle, and preserved to a concentration of 0.16 N HNO3

(pH of 2). The residual sediment was then washed as in the 

procedure for fraction 1 for a wash blank. A process blank also 

was prepared for fraction 3.

 For fraction 4, the residual sediment was transferred to 

a Teflon® beaker for digestion of the residual fraction using 

a four-acid mixture of HCl, HNO3, HF, and HClO4. A process 

blank was also prepared for fraction 4. In some instances, the 

transfer of residual sediment from the extraction vessel to the 

Teflon® digestion beakers was incomplete with small amounts 

of residual sediment adhering to the 50 mL centrifuge tube 

used during the extraction procedure.

Instrumental Analysis and Quality Assurance

Total Digestion

The four-acid digestion solutions of the sediment 

samples, laboratory controls, and blind SRMs were analyzed 

by ICP-MS on an Elan 6000 with dwell times between 3 

and 50 milliseconds (Lab code T20 described in Briggs 

and Meier, 2002) at the USGS Minerals Laboratory. The 

ICP-MS was calibrated to a 0.16 N HNO3 acid-blank 

solution and two multi-element standard solutions to cover 

the mass range and generate the mass response. Laboratory 

quality assurance included analysis of wash water, duplicate 

analyses of LR-1 composite at the beginning and at the end 

of the run, duplicate analyses of LR-1 in sequence at the 

end of the run, analysis of SRMs NIST 2704, SCO-1, and 

duplicate analyses of SRM MAG-1 during the run. In addition, 

PACS-2 (analyzed in duplicate) and IAEA-405 were submitted 

from the field as blind samples. The relative percent difference 

(RPD) for analyses of the LR-1 composite and MAG-1 

generally was less than 10 percent except for antimony, 

beryllium, cerium, lanthanum, molybdenum, scandium, 

selenium, thorium, titanium, and uranium (table 3; at back of 

report). 

 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
The average percent difference of laboratory controls 

MAG-1, NIST 2704, and SCO-1 from the assumed true 

values suggested by Potts and others (1992) generally were 

less than 10 percent except for chromium (+10.8 percent), 

molybdenum (-29.5 percent), thallium (+17.4 percent), 

titanium (-14.0 percent), and yttrium (-13.6 percent). Average 

results of the analyses of the SRM PACS-2, submitted blind 

from the field, were within 10 percent of all certified values, 

except for uranium (-23.3 percent), and results for the single 

analysis of the IAEA-405 SRM differed from the certified 

value for a number of elements: antimony (-22.7 percent), 

chromium (+11.1 percent), lanthanum (-17.3 percent), lithium 

(+16.5 percent), and strontium (+23.7 percent). Analysis of 

field duplicates from LR-7 generally resulted in RPDs of less 

than 10 percent except for beryllium (11.8 percent), bismuth 

(47.1 percent), cadmium (15.4 percent), and thorium (17.7 

percent). The concentrations and RPDs of the major elements 

and transition elements by the four-acid digestion generally 

were within acceptable ranges. Significant variations and 

deviations from certified or suggested values were found 

for the lanthanide and actinides elements and the results 

for these elements are provided for informational purposes 

only. There were considerable differences in the elemental 

concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc 

between the method using the four-acid digestion and analysis 

by the USGS Minerals Laboratory and the method using the 

strong-acid digestion and analysis of a different aliquot of the 

composite sample by the USGS CERC laboratory (table 4; at 

back of report). A four-acid digestion extracts more material 

phases than the strong-acid digestion, especially silicate-lattice 

minerals, which could explain the lower values obtained by 

the strong-acid digestion, especially for lead. The higher 

values returned by the strong-acid digestion were most likely 

a result of actual differences in the two aliquots taken from the 

composite sample due to its heterogeneity resulting from the 

coarse nature of the composite samples, such as the coarser 

material analyzed from site LR-7.

Sequential Selective Extraction

Calibration standards for the analyses of elements in 

leachates from fractions 1 and 2 of the sequential selective 

extraction were prepared in 0.11 M acetic acid and 0.5 

M hydroxylamine hydrochloride, respectively, and both 

standards and samples were diluted 1:10 before analyses. The 

elemental concentrations in the wash blanks were less than 

the instrumental limit of detection (ILOD) or insignificant. 

The concentrations of the elements detected in the process 

blank water (table 5, at back of report) were near analytical 

reporting limits and typically less than 1 percent of the 

concentrations determined for the environmental samples, and 

thus generally not a significant source of bias in the sample 

data. The greatest degree of bias was found for chromium, 

for which the concentrations of seven samples were within 

twice the process blank for fraction 1 (0.3 μg/g), and for 

which concentrations of eight samples were within three 

times the process blank for fraction 3 (2.3 μg/g). Therefore, 

Cr concentrations for fraction 1 and 3 are rated as estimated. 

Lead was detected in the process blank of fraction 1 of the 

sequential selective extraction at 0.01 μg/g and of fraction 

2 of the sequential selective extraction at 0.04 μg/g. Lead 

concentrations in process blank samples were less than 

1 percent of reported sample concentrations in all instances, 

except for three samples of the first fraction where the process 

blank concentrations were less than 4 percent of the reported 

sample concentrations. Magnesium was detected in some 

process blanks at concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 5.5 

μg/g; in all instances magnesium present in process blank 

samples was less than 1 percent of sample concentrations. The 

process blank for the analysis of residual sediment (fraction 4) 

contained concentrations of aluminum, barium, copper, 

gallium, lead, magnesium, potassium, rubidium, strontium, 

and zinc; all concentrations except copper were much less 

than 1 percent of reported concentrations. Copper was present 

in the process blank of fraction 4 at 0.2 μg/g, which was 

equivalent to about 3 percent of the lowest concentrations of 

the environmental samples.

Variability in the first three steps of the sequential 

selective extraction process was assessed by comparison of 

the concentrations measured in this study to the reported 

certified concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, 

nickel, and zinc in the standard reference material BCR-701. 

These data (table 5) show that, except for the cadmium and 

lead determinations in fraction 3 and the lead determinations 

in fraction 1, recovery of the expected concentration typically 

was within 10 percent of the certified value; although 

concentrations had a slight tendency to be lower than expected 

(average recovery was 93 percent). In fraction 3 of the 

extraction process, the measured lead concentrations were 

only 50 percent of the certified values. Because the average 

percent differences from the certified value for the duplicate 

samples was 49.5 percent, the reported lead concentration 

data for fraction 3 in the extraction process also is likely to 

be biased low by a significant amount. Low recovery of lead 

in fraction 3 of the sequential selective extraction process, on 

the order of 50 percent, also was noted by Rauret and others 

(2001) in the concentration data used to obtain the certified 

concentrations.

 Variability in the sample data set was assessed by the 

comparison of results from duplicate analysis of the same 

sample. Variability in duplicate samples from the sequential 

selective extractions typically was less than 10 percent. 

Methods 
10 Report Title

Variability, as measured by relative percent difference in 

concentrations determined on the residual sediment, following 

the sequential selective extraction however, was quite large, 

as much as 91.5 percent with an average of about 50 percent. 

Variability increased for the procedures for the subsequent 

fractions in the sequential selective extraction process. 

Average variability in relative percent differences in step 1 

were about 3 percent, increasing to about 4 percent the second 

step and more than 5 percent in the third step.

Water Samples

Site water, porewaters, overlying water of the incubation 

cores, and supernatants from the tumbling experiment were 

diluted by a factor of 5 with 0.16 N HNO3 before analysis by 

ICP-MS on a Perkin-Elmer Elan 6000 with 35 sweeps in the 

peak-hopping mode, with dwell times ranging from 10 to 100 

milliseconds. The instrument was calibrated with standards 

prepared in 0.16 N HNO3

 (Lab codes T21 and T23 in Lamothe 

and others, 2002). Internal standards (500 μg/L lithium-6, 20 

μg/L rhodium, and 10 μg/L iridium) were mixed in a 1:1 ratio 

with samples using a dual-channel peristaltic pump equipped 

with a mixing manifold and coil. The isotopes used to measure 

elemental concentrations were selected to minimize isobaric 

overlap from other elements, and internal calculations correct 

for isobaric interferences for arsenic, cadmium, dysprosium, 

gadolinium, germanium, iron, molybdenum, tungsten, 

selenium, and vanadium. Laboratory quality-control samples 

that are not included in this report include analysis of solution 

blanks, duplicates, and NIST SRMs 1640 and 1643d. Field 

quality-control samples included analysis of field-laboratory 

filtering blanks, duplicates of the incubation samples at about 

16 days, and eight samples of five reference samples standards 

(NRCC SLRS-3, USGS Standard Reference Sample T-171 

and T-179, and NIST 1640 and 1643e).

The average concentration of only manganese in the DI 

water-filter blanks (after passing through pre-cleaned in-line 

filters) was greater than the ILOD and the reporting limit 

for manganese was adjusted to 5 μg/L, based on 3 times the 

standard deviation of concentration of the field laboratory 

filter blanks (table 6; at back of report). ILODs are calculated 

based on the variation of the instrumental signal and could 

be a result of a number of factors, including polyatomic 

interferences, impurities in reagents, or random contamination 

in the laboratory or field.

The decision to increase the reporting limit by a factor 

of 5 times the ILOD to account for the 5-fold dilution of 

samples prior to analyses was based on: (1) the replication 

and recovery of the double blind standards as a function of 

increasing concentration, (2) the replication of field duplicates 

as a function of increasing concentration, (3) the internal 

consistency of temporal trends in the incubation samples, and 

(4) the amount of data with concentrations between 1 and 5 

times the ILOD. The reporting limits of all elements for which 

SRM data were available were increased by a factor of 5, 

except for antimony, arsenic, copper, molybdenum, nickel, and 

sodium (table 7; at back of report).

The recovery of copper in the low-concentration SRM 

NRCC SLRS-3 was low (57 percent), and the RPD of the 

nickel analysis was 50 percent. Additionally, recovery of 

magnesium in SLRS-3 was very low (42 percent) and recovery 

of manganese was very high (260 percent). Concentrations 

of all elements for which there were no reported SRM values 

for these five standards are provided for ancillary information 

purpose only. The original ILOD was accepted if the RPD 

at concentrations near the ILOD were low. If the RPDs for 

duplicates at concentrations between 1 and 5 times the ILOD 

were unacceptable or inconsistent, the reporting limit was 

increased by a factor of 5. The assessment of the qualitycontrol data for each element is provided in table 7. The 

results for single elements from various samples were flagged 

as outliers in the results tables and the disregarded values 

are provided in table 8 (at back of report). In addition, the 

major cation data from one of the duplicate samples from the 

LR-5A incubation core at about 19 days (LR-5AINC19A) was 

inconsistent with the major ion data from other samples of the 

overlying water and the results from the entire sample were 

disregarded.

The uptake or release of elements by the apparatus for 

the incubation experiments was tested by running a control 

experiment (no sediment) containing site water from the lower 

reservoir held in a pre-sealed core liner with the stirring paddle 

and syringe tips inserted through the sealed cover. Triplicate 

samples were withdrawn and filtered after 1 hour and after 34 

days. The concentration of alkali and alkaline earth elements 

and silica increased within a narrow range between 20 and 33 

percent (table 9; at back of report), but these concentrations 

were statistically the same (p values between 0.07 and 0.32). 

For example, concentrations of magnesium increased from 

5.0 ± 0.1 mg/L to 6.0 ± 1.1 mg/L. The consistent increase 

over the 34 days may have been a result of evaporation within 

the incubator and loss of water vapor through the 1 mm gap 

between the cover and the rod of the stirring paddle. The low 

concentrations of aluminum and antimony at the beginning 

of the control test did not increase beyond the precision of 

the analyses (approximately 10 percent). At the end of the 

control experiment, copper was detected in one sample at 

the reporting limit and in one sample at twice the reporting 

limit in one sample. At the end of the control experiment, the 

average zinc concentration was 3.3 μg/L and the reporting 

level for zinc values for only the incubation experiments was 

set at 3.3 μg/L.
percent for the first, second, and third extraction fractions, and 

the residual sediment, respectively (table 10). Concentrations 

of all alkali and alkaline earth elements analyzed in the four 

extraction fractions were greater than the reporting limit, 

except for cesium, lithium, potassium, and sodium. Cesium 

was detected in only 3 of 8 extracts from the first sequential 

selective extraction fraction; lithium was detected in 5 of 8 

extracts from the first fraction; potassium was detected in 7 of 

8 extracts from the residual fraction; and sodium was detected 

in 5 extracts from the first fraction, 2 of the 8 extracts from 

the second fraction, and 6 of 8 extracts from the third fraction 

(tables 10 and 17; at back of report). Selenium was detected 

in 6 of the 8 extracts of the two non-metals analyzed in the 

third fraction. In contrast, arsenic was detected in all extracts 

from the second fraction and in all residual sediments. The 

percentage of concentrations of non-metals that were greater 

than the reporting limit were 44, 56, 56, and 56 percent for the 

first, second, and third extraction fractions, and the residual 

sediment, respectively (table 10). Aluminum, cadmium, 

cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, vanadium, and zinc 

were the metals detected in the extracts and residual sediment 

from all sites (table 18; at back of report). In contrast, silver 

was not detected in the extracts from the first three extract 

fractions and was detected only in the residual sediment from 

three sites. Bismuth was not detected in any extract from 

fractions 1 and 3, but was detected in 5 of 8 extracts from 

fractions 2 and in the residual sediment from all 8 sites. The 

percentage of concentrations of metals that were greater than 

the reporting limit were 65, 73, 69, and 84 percent for the 

first, second, and third extraction fractions and the residual 

sediment, respectively (table 10). Uranium was the only 

actinide element analyzed and was detected in all fraction 

extracts and residual sediment samples.

Water Samples

Analysis of 121 samples of reservoir water, porewater, 

reservoir water overlying incubation cores, and supernatants 

from the higher energy tumbling experiments resulted in 6,776 

elemental analyses (table 10). Overall, the concentrations 

of only 37 percent of the analyses of water samples were 

greater than the reporting limit. Seventy-seven percent of 

the analyses of alkali and alkaline earth determinations were 

greater than the reporting limit. Barium, calcium, magnesium, 

potassium, sodium, rubidium, and strontium were detected 

in all 121 samples, whereas beryllium was detected in only 

one porewater sample. The overall percentage of detected 

non-metals was 51 percent, and the percentage of detections 

ranged from 0 for selenium to 100 percent for silica. The 

overall percentage of metals detected in water samples was 

Concentrations of Elements in 

Sediment and Water

Samples were collected from 8 sites in Lake Roosevelt 

and analyzed for elemental concentrations in 28 samples of 

sediments, 32 samples of extracts from sequential selective 

extractions, and for samples of site water from 10 reservoir 

water samples, 32 porewater samples, 55 samples of reservoir 

water overlying incubation cores, and leachates from 24 higher 

energy tumbling experiments. Results for sediment and water 

samples are presented and discussed in four categories: (1) 

alkali and alkaline earth elements, (2) non-metals, (3) metals, 

and (4) lanthanide and actinide elements.

Sediment Samples

Total Digestion of Samples

Of the 36 elements analyzed following total digestion 

of a composite sample, 35 elements were detected in all 28 

sediment samples, resulting in the detection of elements in 

98 percent of the 1,008 samples (table 10; at back of report). 

The concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements varied 

considerably among sites (table 11; at back of report), but 

the variation within sites was usually small. Relative percent 

differences between the concentrations of sediments in the 

composite and concentrations of sediments in the sections and 

concentrations of sediments left over from spent porewater 

samples generally were less than 10 percent, although greater 

differences were found in at least one sample for all elements 

except rubidium (table 12; at back of report). Except for 

silver, concentrations greater than the reporting limit in all 

28 samples were measured for all metals analyzed (tables 10

and 13; at back of report). The variations of the concentrations 

of metals from samples within sites were greater than those 

of the alkali and alkaline earth elements (table 14; at back of 

report). The concentrations of four lanthanide and actinide 

elements seemed to vary less than other elements both 

between sites (table 15; at back of report) and within sites 

(table 16; at back of report).

Sequential Selective Extraction

A dried aliquot from the composite sample from each 

site was sequentially and selectively extracted to estimate 

associations with sediment mineral phases. The percentage 

of concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements that 

were greater than the reporting limit were 86, 93, 98, and 99 

Concentrations of Elements in Sediment and Water 11
33 percent. Aluminum and copper were the most frequently 

detected metals in water samples, with detections in 107 of 

the 121 samples. In contrast, bismuth, chromium, niobium, 

silver, and zirconium were not detected in any water sample. 

Only 14 percent of the analyses of lanthanide and actinide 

elements were greater than the reporting limit. Cerium and 

uranium were the most frequently detected lanthanide and 

actinide elements, and five of the lanthanide and actinide 

elements (holmium, lutetium, terbium, thorium, and thulium) 

were not detected in any water samples. Only 23 percent of 

the analyses of reservoir water, which had little contact with 

the sediments, were detected. The percentage of porewater 

concentrations that were greater than the reporting limit 

(47 percent) was only slightly less than that of the higher 

energy tumbling experiment (48 percent). The percentage of 

analyses of reservoir water overlying the incubation cores with 

concentrations greater than the reporting limit (29 percent) 

was intermediate between the reservoir water and the leachate 

from the higher energy tumbling experiments.

Reservoir Water

The source of the samples of site water and the water 

column properties are described in table 19 (at back of report). 

Of the 10 samples of reservoir water analyzed, beryllium and 

cesium were not detected in any samples and lithium was 

detected in only one sample (tables 10 and 20, at back of 

report). Of the five non-metals analyzed, only selenium was 

not detected in any reservoir water sample. Concentrations of 

9 of the 25 metals analyzed (aluminum, antimony, cadmium, 

cobalt, copper, manganese, lead, nickel, and zinc) were 

greater than the reporting limit (table 21, at back of report). 

Concentrations of lead and zinc in reservoir water from a 

sealed box core were higher than those collected from the 

surface of the water column or those from a draining box core. 

It is not known if these elevated concentrations for reservoir 

water are due to proximity to the sediments or contamination 

from the box corer. Only 2 of the lanthanide and actinide 

elements (erbium and uranium) were detected in reservoir 

water (table 22, at back of report). Twenty-three percent 

of all elements analyzed in reservoir water were detected. 

Within the group of elements, 71 percent of the alkali and 

alkaline earth element analyses, 38 percent of the non-metal 

analyses, 15 percent of the metal analyses, and 1 percent of 

the lanthanide and actinide element analyses were detected, 

respectively (table 10).

Porewaters

Thirty-two samples from eight sites were analyzed 

either as single porewater samples from an individual core 

or as composite porewater samples from multiple cores 

(table 19). Seven of the 10 alkali and alkaline earth elements 

and one (silica) of the five non-metals were detected in all 

32 porewater samples (tables 10 and 23, at back of report). 

Selenium was the only non-metal element not detected in any 

samples of porewater. Concentrations of only one analysis of 

beryllium and seven analyses of lithium were greater than the 

reporting limit. Bismuth, chromium, niobium, silver, thallium, 

and zirconium were not detected in any porewater samples 

(table 24; at back of report). Only aluminum and lead were 

detected in all 32 porewater samples. Cerium and neodymium 

were the most frequently detected lanthanide elements in 

porewater samples (table 25; at back of report). Within 

the group of elements analyzed in 32 porewater samples, 

81 percent of the alkali and alkaline earth element analyses, 

54 percent of the non-metal analyses, 42 percent of the metal 

analyses, and 29 percent of lanthanide and actinide element 

analyses were greater than the reporting limit, respectively 

(table 10).

Water Overlying Incubation Cores

Eight cores between 3 cm long (LR-7) and 12.3 cm 

long (LR-4A) were incubated with between 142 and 382 mL 

of reservoir water overlying the sediment (table 26, at back 

of report). Concentrations of elements from 55 incubation 

samples collected from reservoir water overlying the eight 

cores between September 22 and November 3, 2004, are listed 

in tables 27, 28, and 29 (at back of report). Concentrations 

of seven of the 10 alkali and alkaline earth elements were 

detected in all 55 samples (tables 10 and 27). No incubation 

sample had concentrations of beryllium greater than the 

reporting limit, and only one sample had concentrations of 

lithium greater than the reporting limit. For the non-metals, 

silica and sulfate were detected in all incubation samples, 

but selenium was not detected in any incubation samples 

(table 27). Bismuth, chromium, niobium, silver, tantalum, 

titanium, thallium, vanadium, and zirconium were not detected 

in water from any incubation sample (table 28). In contrast, 

copper was detected in all 55 incubation samples (table 28). 

Only five (cerium, europium, gadolinium, uranium and 

ytterbium) of the 16 lanthanide and actinide elements were 

detected in one or more incubation samples. Uranium was 

detected in 24 of the 55 incubation samples (table 29). Within 

the group of elements analyzed in the 55 incubation samples, 

74 percent of the alkali and alkaline earth element analyses, 

49 percent of the non-metal analyses, 24 percent of the metal 

analyses, and 4 percent of rare earth element analyses were 

detected, respectively.

Supernatants from Higher Energy Tumbling 

Experiment

The top sediment from eight incubation cores, the bottom 

sediment from two cores, and two samples of river sediment 

with slag were tumbled for 43 days. Weights of dry sediment, 

of porewater contained in the original sample, and of site 

water added to the bottles during the tumbling experiment are 

given in table 30 (at back of report). Seven of the 10 alkali and 

12 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
alkaline earth elements were detected in all 24 samples from 

the tumbling experiment (tables 10 and 31, at back of report). 

Beryllium was not detected in any samples from the tumbling 

experiment, and concentrations of lithium in only 

10 samples were greater than the reporting limit. For the 

non-metals, concentrations for all analyses of silica, 21 

analyses of arsenic, and 13 of the analyses of sulfate were 

greater than the reporting limit in 24 tumbling experiment 

samples. Bismuth, chromium, niobium, silver, tantalum, 

and zirconium elements were not detected in any of the 

tumbling samples (table 32, at back of report). Aluminum, 

manganese and zinc were detected in all 24 samples from the 

tumbling experiment. Six of the 16 lanthanide and actinide 

elements were not detected in any tumbling experiment 

samples (table 33, at back of report). In contrast, cerium was 

detected in 22 of 24 samples from the tumbling experiment. 

Within the group of elements analyzed in 24 samples from 

the tumbling experiments, 81 percent of the alkali and 

alkaline earth element analyses, 56 percent of the non-metal 

analyses, 48 percent of the metal analyses, and 22 percent of 

the lanthanide and actinide element analyses were detected, 

respectively.

Summary

The total digestion of 28 field samples from eight 

sites resulted in 1,008 analyses for the concentration of 10 

alkali and alkaline earth elements, 2 non-metals, 20 metals, 

and 4 lanthanide and actinide elements. Concentrations of 

laboratory control samples and of blind standard reference 

materials generally were within acceptable ranges. Total 

elemental concentrations after a strong-acid digestion of 

the 9 composite and 19 individual sediment samples were 

detected for 95 percent of the analyses. Alkali and alkaline 

earth elements were detected in 100 percent of the sediment 

samples. The frequency of detection generally increased 

with the severity of the chemical treatment used during the 

sequential selective extractions procedure. For the weakest 

treatment that produced the first fraction, 76 percent of 

the elements were detected, and 93 percent of the analyses 

were greater than the reporting limits following four-acid 

dissolution of the residual sediment remaining after the first 

three extraction fractions

Analysis of 121 samples of reservoir water, porewater, 

water overlying incubation cores, and leachates from the 

tumbling experiments for 56 elements resulted in 6,776 

elemental analyses. Overall, the concentrations of 37 percent 

of the analyses of water samples were greater than the 

reporting limit. The overall percentage of detected nonmetal elements was 51 percent, and ranged from 0 percent 

for selenium to 100 percent for silica in water samples. The 

overall percentage of detections for metals was 33 percent. 

Aluminum and copper were the most frequently detected 

metal in water samples, with detections in 107 of 121 samples. 

In contrast, bismuth, chromium, silver and zirconium were not 

detected in any water samples. Only 14 percent of the analyses 

of lanthanide and actinide elements were greater than the 

reporting limit. Cerium and uranium were the most frequently 

detected lanthanide and actinide elements. In contrast, five 

lanthanide and actinide elements (holmium, lutetium, terbium, 

thorium, and thulium) were not detected in any water samples.

The percentage of detected elements of each type 

of water sample generally reflects the extent of contact 

with sediment phases. Only 23 percent of the analyses of 

reservoir water, which had little contact with the sediments, 

were detected. The percentage of porewater concentrations 

that were greater than the reporting limit (47 percent) was 

only slightly less than that of the higher energy tumbling 

experiment (48 percent). The percentage of analyses of water 

overlying the incubation cores with concentrations greater 

than the reporting limit (29 percent) was intermediate between 

the reservoir water and the leachate from the higher energy 

tumbling experiments.

References Cited

Bortleson, G.C., Cox, S.E., Munn, M.D., Schumaker, R.J., 

and Block, E.K., 2001, Sediment-quality assessment of 

Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the 

Columbia River, Washington, 1992: U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2496, 130 p.

Briggs, P.H., and Meier, A.L., 2002, The determination of 

forty-two elements in geological materials by inductively 

coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in Taggart, J.E., Jr., 

ed., Analytical methods for chemical analysis of geologic 

and others materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report 02-223, chap. I, p. I-I to I-14.

Chao, T.T., 1984, Use of partial dissolution techniques in geochemical exploration: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 

v. 20, p. 101-135.

Cominco Metals, 1991, Cominco trail operations environmental report: Trail, British Columbia, Cominco Metals, 24 p.

Cox, S.E., Bell, P.R., Lowther, J.S., and VanMetre, P.C., 2005, 

Vertical distribution of trace-element concentrations and 

occurrence of metallurgical slag particles in accumulated 

bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 

2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations 

Report 2004-5090, 70 p.

EVS Consultants, 1998, Assessment of dioxins, furans, 

and PCBs in fish tissue from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, 1994: Seattle, Wash., U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 53 p.

References Cited 13
Filgueiras, A.V., Lavilla, I., Bendicho, C., 2002, Chemical 

sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental 

solid samples: Journal of Environmental Monitoring, v. 4, 

p. 823-857.

Johnson, A., Serdar, D., Yake, W., and Twiss, S., 1990, Transboundary metal pollution of the Columbia River: Bulletin 

of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 45, p. 

703-710.

Lamothe, P.J., Meier, A.L., and Wilson, S.A., 2002, The 

determination of forty-four elements in aqueous samples by 

inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (Chap. H), 

in Taggart, J.E., Jr., ed., Analytical methods for chemical 

analysis of geologic and others materials: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 02-223, chap. H, p. H-I to H-11, 

accessed August 16, 2005, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2002/

ofr-02-0223/.

Lowe, T.P., May, T.W., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Kane, D.A, 

1985, National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program–Concentrations of seven elements in freshwater fish, 1978-1981: 

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 

v. 14, p. 363-388.

Luoma, S.N., 1983, Bioavailability of trace metals to aquatic 

organisms–A review: Science of the Total Environment, 

v. 41, p. 269-273.

Majewski, M.S., Kahle, S.C., Ebert, J.C., and Josberger, E.G., 

2003, Concentrations and distributions of slag-related trace 

elements and mercury in fine-grained beach and bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, April–May 2001: 

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 

Report 03-4170, 29 p.

McDowell, A.C., and Griffith, J.R., 1993, Retrospective 

analysis on the fishery of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, final 

report 1993: Wellpinit, Wash., Spokane Tribal Fish and 

Wildlife Center.

Munn, M.D., 2000, Contaminant trends in sport fish from 

Lake Roosevelt and the Upper Columbia River, Washington, 1994-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources 

Investigation Report 00-4024, 13 p.

Munn, M.D., Cox, S.E., and Dean, C.J. 1995, Concentrations 

of mercury and other trace elements in walleye, smallmouth 

bass, and rainbow trout in Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and 

the upper Columbia River, Washington, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-195, 35 p.

Potts, P.J., Tindle, A.G., and Webb, P.C., 1992, Geochemical reference material compositions: Rocks, minerals, 

sediments, soils, carbonates, refractories, & ores used in 

research & industry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 313 p.

Rauret, G., López-Sánchez, J.F., Lück, D., Yli-Halla, M., 

Muntau, H., and Quevauviller, P., 2001, The certification of 

the extractable content (mass fractions) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, 

Pb, and Zn in freshwater sediment following a sequential 

extraction procedure BCR-701, Report EUR 19775 EN: 

Brussels, Belgium, Standards, Measurement and Testing 

Programme of the European Commission, 75 p.

Serdar, D., 1993, Retrospective analysis of toxic contaminants 

in Lake Roosevelt, Draft No. 2: Olympia, Wash., Evergreen 

State College, 89 p., plus appendixes.

Tack, F.M., and Verloo, M.G., 1995, Chemical speciation and 

fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis–A 

review: International Journal of Environmental Analytical 

Chemistry, v. 59, p. 225-238.

Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M., 1979, Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate 

trace metals: Analytical Chemistry, v. 51, no. 7, p. 844-850.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001, Methods for 

collection, storage and manipulation of sediments for 

chemical and toxicological analyses–Technical manual: 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 

EPA-823-B-01-002, October 2001.

Yake, W.E., 1979, Water quality trend analysis–The Spokane 

River basin: Washington State Department of Ecology, 

DOE-PR-6, 39 p. 

14 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Analytical 

sequence 

No.

Sample

No. Parameter Aluminum

Antimony

Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium Calcium

Laboratory samples

9 LR-1 Analytical result 66,100 0.83 9.0 799 2.4 0.29 0.25 13,700

41 Analytical result 68,000 .91 9.1 809 2.4 .26 .24 14,300

42 Analytical result 63,500 .81 8.9 746 2.1 .27 .23 13,600

RPD (seq. 41 and 42) 6.8 11.6 2.2 8.1 13.3 3.8 4.3 5.0

RPD ( seq. 9 and avg)

(seq. 41 and 42)

.5 3.6 4.1 2.8 6.9 9.3 6.5 1.8

SSE BCR-701 Analytical result 86,200 2.3 44 573 3.3 2.00 11.8 19,200

BCR-701D Analytical result 86,700 2.3 43 577 3.2 2.00 12.0 19,400

RPD .6 I 2.3 .7 3.1 I 1.7 1.0

4 MAG-1 Analytical result 85,100 .99 10 491 3.2 .35 .21 9,780

Assumed true value1 86,660 .96 9.2 479 3.2 .34 .20 9,790

Percent difference -1.8 3.1 8.7 2.5 I 2.9 5 -.1

6 NIST 2704 NIST 2704 analytical result 62,800 3.9 23 422 2.2 .62 3.6 26,200

Assumed true value1 61,090 3.79 23.4 414 NC NC 3.45 26,000

Percent difference 2.8 2.9 -1.7 1.9 – – 4 .8

5 SCO-1 Analytical result 71,600 2.5 13 588 2.0 .37 .15 18,800

Assumed true value1 72,370 2.5 12.4 570 1.84 .37 .14 18,700

Percent difference -1.1 <0.4 4.8 3.2 8.7 I 7 .5

30 MAG-1 Analytical result 86,100 .99 9.8 495 3.1 .34 .22 9,930

Assumed true value1 86,660 .96 9.2 479 3.20 .34 .20 9,790

Percent difference -.6 3 6.5 3.3 -3.1 I 8 1.4

RPD ( seq. 4 and 30) 1.9 I 2.0 1.2 5.1 3.3 1.2 1.3

 Average percent difference

 

-0.2 2.3 4.6 2.7 1.9 1.0 6.1 0.7

Blind standards submitted from the field

PACS-2 Analytical result 63,900 12.1 27 794 1.1 .32 2.1 19,700

 Analytical result 63,300 12.5 28 765 1.1 .32 2.2 19,800

 Certified value 66,200 11.3 26.2 NC 1.0 NC 2.11 19,600

 Percent difference -3.9 8.8 5.0 – 10.0 – 1.9 .8

 RPD .9 3.3 3.6 3.7 I I 4.7 .5

IAEA-405 Analytical result 86,400 1.4 25 387 3.8 1.21 .8 29,700

Certified value 77,900 1.81 23.6 NC NC NC .73 NC

 Percent difference 10.9 -22.7 5.9 – – – 9.6 –

LR-7 RPD of field duplicates .9 6.5 6.5 1.4 11.8 47.1 15.4 .1

 Reporting limit 8 0.02 0.1 0.5 0.001 0.005 0.003 20

Table 3. Quality-control data for analysis of sediments.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. RPD, relative percent difference of replicate measurements equal to 100 × (difference of measurement 1 and 

measurement 2 divided by the average of measurement 1 and measurement 2. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within 

significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; –, not applicable or available. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 3 15
16  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004

Analyltical 

sequence 

No.

Sample

No. Parameter Cerium Cesium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Iron Lanthanum

Laboratory samples

9 LR-1 Analytical result 82.0 4.7 45.8 6.8 12.1 16 28,000 46.3 

41 Analytical result 72.8 4.7 46.6 7.0 12.5 16 30,000 38.6 

42 Analytical result 75.8 4.3 44.7 6.7 11.9 15 28,000 42.8 

RPD (seq. 41 and 42) 4.0 8.9 4.2 4.4 4.9 6.5 6.9 10.3

RPD (seq. 9 and avg) 

(seq. 41 and 42)

10.3 4.5 .3 .7 .8 3.3 3.5 13.4

SSE BCR-701 Analytical result 88.7 5.8 393 17.1 271 18.5 40,100 43.7

BCR-701D Analytical result 88.7 5.8 391 17.3 272 18.8 41,100 43.4

RPD I I .5 1.2 .4 1.6 2.5 .7

4 MAG-1 Analytical result 87.9 8.2 109 22.2 30.2 22 49,000 43.3 

Assumed true value1 88.0 8.60 97 20.4 30.0 20.4 47,600 43.0 

Percent difference -.1 -4.7 12.4 8.8 .7 7.8 2.9 .7

6 NIST 2704 Analytical result 60.4 5.6 148 14.0 101 16 43,000 31.1 

Assumed true value1 72.0 6.00 135 14.0 98.6 15.0 41,100 29.0 

Percent difference -16.1 -6.7 9.6 I 2.4 6.7 4.6 7.2

5 SCO-1 Analytical result 54.9 7.4 74.1 11.1 29.1 16 36,000 30.6 

Assumed true value1 62.0 7.80 68.0 10.5 28.7 15.0 35,900 29.5 

Percent difference -11.5 -5.1 9.0 5.7 1.4 6.7 0.3 3.7

30 MAG-1 Analytical result 82.0 8.2 109 22.1 29.6 22 49,000 43.4 

Assumed true value1 88.0 8.6 97 20.4 30.0 20.4 47,600 43.0 

Percent difference -6.8 -4.7 12.4 8.3 -1.3 7.8 2.9 .9

RPD ( seq. 4 and 30) 11.6 I I .9 1.7 I I .4

 Average percent difference -8.6 -5.3 10.8 5.7 0.8 7.3 2.7 3.1

Blind standards submitted from the field

PACS-2 Analytical result 30.7 2.0 90.8 11.5 298 13 41,000 16.3

 Analytical result 32.1 2.0 93.4 11.7 309 13 42,000 16.7

 Certified value NC NC 90.7 11.5 310 NC 40,900 NC

 Percent difference – – 1.5 .9 -2.1 – 1.5 –

 RPD 4.5 I 2.8 1.7 3.6 I 2.4 2.4

IAEA-405 Analytical result 64.4 11.7 93.3 14.1 50.4 22 40,000 33.4

Certified value NC 12.5 84 13.7 47.7 NC 37,400 40.4

 Percent difference – -6.4 11.1 2.9 5.7 – 7.0 -17.3

LR-7 RPD of field duplicates 5.2 I 4.1 .2 2.3 I I 5.1

 Reporting limit 0.5 0.003 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.006 50 0.3

Table 3. Quality-control data for analysis of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. RPD, relative percent difference of replicate measurements equal to 100 × (difference of measurement 1 and 

measurement 2 divided by the average of measurement 1 and measurement 2. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within 

significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; –, not applicable or available. Symbols: <, less than]
 Analytical 

sequence 

No.

Sample

No. Parameter Lead Lithium Magnesium

ManganeseMolybdenum Nickel PhosphorusPotassium

Laboratory samples

9 LR-1 Analytical result 15.9 27.0 9,530 455 0.31 14.1 570 25,500

41 Analytical result 15.8 26.3 10,100 477 .42 15.0 560 27,600

42 Analytical result 15.0 24.8 9,260 448 .33 14.0 550 25,500

RPD (seq. 41 and 42) 5.2 5.9 8.7 6.3 24.0 6.9 1.8 7.9

RPD (seq. 9 and avg) 

(seq. 41 and 42)

3.3 5.8 1.6 1.6 18.4 2.8 2.7 4.0

SSE BCR-701 Analytical result 152 42.9 16,200 774 3.1 113 3,210 23,700

BCR-701D Analytical result 153 42.3 16,100 790 3.4 114 3,260 24,500

RPD .7 1.4 .6 2.0 9.2 .9 1.6 3.3

4 MAG-1 Analytical result 25.0 75.1 18,600 751 1.0 50.5 740 30,400

Assumed true value1 24.0 79.0 18,090 760 1.60 53.0 711 29,500

Percent difference 4.2 -4.9 2.8 -1.2 -37.5 -4.7 4.1 3.1

6 NIST 2704 Analytical result 170 47.8 12,600 591 3.9 44.2 1,000 20,300

Assumed true value1 161 47.5 12,000 555 NC 44.1 1,000 20,000

Percent difference 5.6 .6 5.0 6.5 – .2 I 1.5

5 SCO-1 Analytical result 29.0 43.7 16,800 384 1.1 25.7 950 22,300

Assumed true value1 31.0 45.0 16,400 410 1.37 27.0 899 23,000

Percent difference -6.5 -2.9 2.4 -6.3 -19.7 -4.8 5.7 -3.0

30 MAG-1 Analytical result 25.0 73.3 18,800 743 1.1 49.9 740 30,500

Assumed true value1 24.0 79.0 18,090 760 1.60 53.0 711 29,500

Percent difference 4.2 -7.2 3.9 -2.2 -31.3 -5.8 4.1 3.4

RPD ( seq. 4 and 30) I 4.4 1.8 1.9 8.4 2.0 I .6

 Average percent difference 1.9 -3.6 3.5 -.8 -29.5 -3.8 3.5 1.2

Blind standards submitted from the field

PACS-2 Analytical result 179 30.4 14,600 428 5.2 38.6 1,000 12,200

 Analytical result 176 30.6 14,600 439 5.2 39.6 1,000 12,700

 Certified value 183 32.2 14,700 440 5.43 39.5 960 12,400

 Percent difference -3.0 -5.3 -.7 -1.5 -4.2 -1.0 4.2 .4

 RPD 1.7 .7 I 2.5 I 2.6 I 4.0

IAEA-405 Analytical result 72.3 83.9 13,900 522 0.73 33 1200 26,200

Certified value 74.8 72 12,300 495 NC 32.5 NC 24,900

 Percent difference -3.3 16.5 13.0 5.5 – 1.5 – 5.2

LR-7 RPD of field duplicates 5.0 1.6 1.7 1.6 .6 4.0 2.2 .7

 Reporting limit 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 1 8 0.6

Table 3. Quality-control data for analysis of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. RPD, relative percent difference of replicate measurements equal to 100 × (difference of measurement 1 and 

measurement 2 divided by the average of measurement 1 and measurement 2. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within 

significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; –, not applicable or available. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 3 17
18  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004

Analytical 

sequence 

No.

Sample

No. Parameter Rubidium Scandium Silver Sodium Strontium

Laboratory samples

9 LR-1 Analytical result 115 9.6 <3 14,600 317 

41 Analytical result 119 10.3 <3 15,000 317 

42 Analytical result 110 9.3 <3 14,000 302 

RPD (seq. 41 and 42) 7.9 10.2 – 6.9 4.8

RPD ( seq. 9 and avg)

(seq. 41 and 42)

0.4 2.1 – .7 2.5

SSE BCR-701 Analytical result 114 13.8 8.7 15,100 180

BCR-701D Analytical result 113 13.9 8.8 14,900 181

RPD .9 .7 1.1 1.3 .6

4 MAG-1 Analytical result 146 18.6 <3 28,500 142 

Assumed true value1 149 17.2 0.08 28,400 146 

Percent difference -2.0 8.1 – .4 -2.7

6 NIST 2704 Analytical result 101 12.7 <3 5,690 136 

Assumed true value1 100 12.0 NC 5,470 130 

Percent difference 1.0 5.8 – 4.0 4.6

5 SCO-1 Analytical result 109 12.3 <3 6,930 169 

Assumed true value1 112 10.8 .134 6,670 174 

Percent difference -2.7 13.9 – 3.9 -2.9

30 MAG-1 Analytical result 145 18.6 < 3 28,400 142 

Assumed true value1 149 17.2 .08 28,400 146 

Percent difference -2.7 8.1 – I -2.7

RPD ( seq. 4 and 30) 1.2 I – .9 I

 Average percent difference -1.6 9.0 – 2.1 -0.9

Blind standards submitted from the field

PACS-2 Analytical result 39.9 14.4 <3 33,200 273

 Analytical result 40.5 14.8 <3 33,400 272

 Certified value NC NC 1.22 NC 276

 Percent difference – – – – -1.3

 RPD 1.5 2.7 – .6 .4

IAEA-405 Analytical result 156 15.1 <3 16,600 146

Certified value NC NC – NC 118

 Percent difference – – – – 23.7

LR-7 RPD of field duplicates .7 I 5.1 3.9 .6

 Reporting limit 0.01 0.3 3 6 0.05

Table 3. Quality-control data for analysis of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. RPD, relative percent difference of replicate measurements equal to 100 × (difference of measurement 1 and 

measurement 2 divided by the average of measurement 1 and measurement 2. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within 

significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; –, not applicable or available. Symbols: <, less than]
 Analytical 

sequence 

No.

Sample

No. Parameter Thallium Thorium Titanium Uranium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc

Laboratory samples

9 LR-1 Analytical result 0.72 14.7 2,500 3.8 70.4 18.7 75.2 

41 Analytical result .74 11.0 2,800 2.3 74.0 18.6 77.2 

42 Analytical result .69 14.0 2,500 3.5 70.3 17.5 74.0 

RPD (seq. 41 and 42) 7.0 24.0 11.3 41.4 5.1 6.1 4.2

RPD (seq. 9 and avg)

(seq. 41 and 42)

.7 16.6 5.8 28.1 2.5 3.7 .5

SSE BCR-701 Analytical result .82 14.6 4,380 5.51 93 26.1 466

BCR-701D Analytical result .84 14.6 4,430 5.46 95 26.2 481

RPD 2.4 .7 1.1 .9 -2.0 .4 -3.2 

4 MAG-1 Analytical result .76 12.6 4,300 2.8 146 24.4 135 

Assumed true value1 .59 11.9 4,500 2.70 140 28.0 130 

Percent difference 28.8 5.9 -4.4 3.7 4.3 -12.9 3.8

6 NIST 2704 Analytical result 1.2 9.4 3,100 3.2 97.8 25.2 445 

Assumed true value1 1.06 9.2 4,580 3.13 95.0 NC 438 

Percent difference 13.2 2.2 -32.3 2.2 2.9 – 1.6

5 SCO-1 Analytical result .70 9.7 3,200 3.0 134 21.8 104 

Assumed true value1 .72 9.7 3,760 3.00 131 26.0 103 

Percent difference -2.8 I -14.9 I 2.3 -16.2 1.0

30 MAG-1 Analytical result .77 12.2 4,300 2.8 147 24.7 134 

Assumed true value1 .59 11.9 4,500 2.70 140 28.0 130 

Percent difference 30.5 2.5 -4.4 3.7 5.0 -11.8 3.1

RPD (seq. 4 and 30) 1.6 5.3 I I 1.1 1.6 .7

 Average percent difference 17.4 2.6 -14.0 2.4 3.6 -13.6 2.4

Blind standards submitted from the field

PACS-2 Analytical result 0.60 3.9 4,700 2.3 136 17 371

 Analytical result .61 4 4,800 2.3 139 17.3 373

 Certified value .60 NC 4,430 3 133 NC 364

 Percent difference .83 – 7.2 -23.3 3.4 – 2.2

 RPD 1.7 2.5 2.1 I 2.2 1.7 .5

IAEA-405 Analytical result 1 13.5 3,700 3.2 102 21.1 287

Certified value NC 14.3 NC 3.01 95 NC 279

 Percent difference – -5.6 – 6.3 7.4 – 2.9

LR-7 RPD of field duplicates I 17.7 I 2.1 .4 1.4 1.1

 Reporting limit 0.003 0.03 40 0.02 0.4 0.3 5

1

Potts and others, 1992.

Table 3. Quality-control data for analysis of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. RPD, relative percent difference of replicate measurements equal to 100 × (difference of measurement 1 and 

measurement 2 divided by the average of measurement 1 and measurement 2. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within 

significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; –, not applicable or available. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 3 19
20 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004

Table 4. Interlaboratory comparison for analysis of arsenic, 

cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in the composite samples.

[Used average of duplicate four-acid digestion results. Abbreviations: RPD, 

relative percent difference; –, negative indicates result from U.S. Geological 

Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center laboratory is lower than 

result from U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Laboratory]

Site

identifier

Composite samples (in RPD)

Arsenic Cadmium Copper Lead Zinc

LR-1 -4.7 30.5 -18.0 -50.3 7.4

LR-2 -1.4 12.5 -.1 10.0 18.7

LR-3 2.3 5.9 -.9 -4.5 13.4

LR-4 -11.9 -13.3 -6.7 -67.5 -5.7

LR-5 7.2 17.5 13.2 2.3 21.0

LR-6 -19.7 3.0 4.2 -.5 11.3

LR-7 4.1 107.5 5.9 28.0 34.6

SA-8 -12.1 23.3 -9.4 -29.3 3.4

Mean -4.5 23.4 -1.5 -14.0 13.0
Aluminum

Antimony

Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium Calcium

Concentrations of process and wash blanks BCR-701

Average concentrations in wash blanks

 Fraction 1 <0.4 0.10 <0.2 <0.04 <0.01 <0.04 <0.004 <40

 Fraction 2 <.4 <.06 <.2 <.04 <.01 <.04 <.004 <40

 Fraction 3 <.4 <.06 <.2 <.04 <.01 <.04 <.004 <40

Concentration in process blanks

 Fraction 1 <.4 <.06 <.2 <.04 <.01 <.04 <.004 <40

 Fraction 2 <.4 <.06 <.2 <.04 <.01 <.04 <.004 <40

 Fraction 3 <.4 <.06 <.2 <.04 <.01 <.04 <.004 <40

 Fraction 4 24.3 <.06 <.2 .97 <.01 <.04 <.004 <40

Laboratory replication and recovery of standard reference material BCR-701

BCR-701 Fraction 1

Analytical result 176 0.10 2.0 18.4 0.09 <0.04 6.93 7,040

Analytical result 182 .10 2.0 18.6 .10 <.04 7.14 7,160

Average concentration 179 .10 2.0 18.5 .10 <.04 7.04 7,100

RPD 3.4 I I 1.1 10.5 – 3.0 1.1

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC 7.34 NC

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – – – -4.2 –

BCR-701 Fraction 2

Analytical result 3,110 .26 17.2 90.1 .50 .58 3.40 1,700

Analytical result 3,140 .24 17.6 91.3 .40 .61 3.48 1,730

Average concentration 3,125 .25 17.4 90.7 .45 .60 3.44 1,715

RPD 1.0 8.0 2.3 1.3 22.2 5.0 2.3 1.8

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC 3.77 NC

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – – – -8.8 –

BCR-701 Fraction 3

Analytical result 779 .06 1.0 17.5 .08 .18 .24 168

Analytical result 739 .06 1.0 17.2 .09 .18 .23 155

Average concentration 759 .06 1.0 17.4 .09 .18 .24 162

 RPD 5.3 I I 1.7 11.8 I 4.3 8.0

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC .27 NC

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – – – -11.9 –

Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Table 5  21
22 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004

Parameter Aluminum

Antimony

Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium Calcium

Laboratory replicates of sample LR-5 (Composite)

Fraction 1

LR-5 58 0.21 0.5 48.4 0.07 <0.04 1.89 13,100

LR-5R 57 .20 .5 47.7 .08 <.04 1.75 12,900

RPD 1.7 4.9 I 1.5 13.3 25 7.7 1.5

Fraction 2

LR-5 1,300 .25 2.0 60.4 .20 .16 .73 5,770

LR-5R 1,260 .21 2.0 58.5 .10 .18 .67 5,630

RPD 3.1 17.4 I 3.2 66.7 11.8 8.6 2.5

Fraction 3

LR-5 568 .06 <.2 27.8 .05 <.04 .64 272

LR-5R 595 <.06 <.2 26.7 .03 <.04 .52 267

RPD 4.6 – – 4.0 50.0 25 20.7 1.9

Residual fraction

LR-5 23,900 2.26 3.2 816 1.2 .16 .25 6,690

LR-5R 17,900 1.95 2.0 951 1.1 .43 .34 9,640

RPD 28.9 14.7 46.2 15.3 8.7 91.5 30.5 36.1

 Reporting limit 0.4 0.06 0.2 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.004 40

Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]
Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Parameter Cesium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Iron Lead

Concentrations of process and wash blanks BCR-701

Average concentrations in wash blanks

 Fraction 1 <0.004 0.2 <0.004 <0.1 <0.01 <0.01 <10 <0.01

 Fraction 2 <.004 1.3 <.004 <.1 <.01 <.01 <10 <.01

 Fraction 3 <.004 <.2 <.004 <.1 <.01 <.01 <10 <.01

Concentration in process blanks

 Fraction 1 <.004 .3 <.004 <.01 <.01 <.01 <10 .01

 Fraction 2 <.004 <.2 <.004 <.01 <.01 <.01 <10 .04

 Fraction 3 <.004 2.3 <.004 <.01 <.01 <.01 <10 <.01

 Fraction 4 <.004 <.2 <.004 .02 .02 <.01 <10 .06

Laboratory replication and recovery of standard reference material BCR-701

BCR-701 Fraction 1

Analytical result 0.01 2.3 1.93 46.0 0.01 0.01 72 2.8

Analytical result .01 2.4 1.98 47.1 .01 <.01 74 2.8

Average concentration .01 2.4 1.96 46.6 .01 <.01 73 2.8

RPD I 4.3 2.6 2.4 I – 2.7 I

Certified value NC 2.3 NC 49.3 NC NC NC 3.2

Average percentage difference from certified value – 4.0 – -5.6 – – – -11.9

BCR-701 Fraction 2

Analytical result .19 41.7 2.99 113.0 .64 .03 7,020 113.0

Analytical result .19 42.7 3.04 114.0 .66 .03 7,230 117.0

Average concentration .19 42.2 3.02 113.5 .65 .03 7,125 115.0

RPD I 2.4 1.7 0.9 3.1 I 2.9 3.5

Certified value NC 45.7 NC 124.0 NC NC NC 126.0

Average percentage difference from certified value – -7.7 – -8.5 – – – -8.7

BCR-701 Fraction 3

Analytical result .12 135.0 1.36 53.3 .10 .02 656 4.7

Analytical result .10 136.0 1.34 51.3 .10 <.01 621 4.6

Average concentration .11 135.5 1.35 52.3 .10 <.02 639 4.7

 RPD 18.2 .7 1.5 3.8 I – 5.5 2.2

Certified value NC 143.0 NC 55.2 NC NC NC 9.3

Average percentage difference from certified value – -5.2 – -5.3 – – – -49.5

Table 5  23
Parameter Cesium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Iron Lead

Laboratory replicates of sample LR-5 (Composite)

Fraction 1

LR-5 <0.004 0.6 0.80 15.2 <0.01 0.06 910 30.4

LR-5R <.004 .6 .81 15.1 <.01 .05 904 29.4

RPD – 17 1.2 .7 – 18.2 .7 3.3

Fraction 2

LR-5 .10 2.9 1.98 23.0 .40 .05 5,960 145.0

LR-5R .10 2.9 1.95 22.8 .39 .04 5,900 141.0

RPD I I 1.5 .9 2.5 22.2 1.0 2.8

Fraction 3

LR-5 .09 4.5 .64 15.3 .03 <.01 893 11.2

LR-5R .09 5.2 .66 14.7 .03 <.01 925 12.2

RPD I 14.4 3.1 4.0 I – 3.5 8.5

Residual fraction

LR-5 1.91 22.7 3.42 11.0 10.9 1.80 15,700 15.5

LR-5R 1.90 50.8 4.29 10.8 12.4 1.40 17,700 15.0

RPD .5 76.5 22.6 1.8 12.9 25.0 12.0 3.3

 Reporting limit 0.004 0.2 0.004 0.1 0.01 0.01 10 0.01

Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

24 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Parameter Lithium Magnesium

ManganeseMolybdenum Nickel Potassium Rubidium

Concentrations of process and wash blanks BCR-701

Average concentrations in wash blanks

 Fraction 1 <0.2 <2 <0.04 <0.4 <0.08 <6 <0.002

 Fraction 2 <.2 <2 <.04 <.4 <.08 <6 <.002

 Fraction 3 <.2 <2 <.04 <.4 <.08 <6 <.002

Concentration in process blanks

 Fraction 1 <.2 2.4 <.04 <.4 <.08 <6 <.002

 Fraction 2 <.2 <2 <.04 <.4 <.08 <6 <.002

 Fraction 3 .2 <2 <.04 <.4 <.08 <6 <.002

 Fraction 4 <.2 5.5 <.04 <.4 <.08 9.4 <.002

Laboratory replication and recovery of standard reference material BCR-701

BCR-701 Fraction 1

Analytical result 0.2 743 177 <0.4 14.0 99 0.28

Analytical result .3 763 186 <.4 14.4 102 .29

Average concentration .3 753 182 – 14.2 101 .29

RPD 40.0 2.7 5.0 – 2.8 3.0 3.5

Certified value NC NC NC NC 15.4 NC NC

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – -7.8 – –

BCR-701 Fraction 2

Analytical result .8 513 132 <.4 24.8 85 .86

Analytical result .9 518 136 <.4 25.2 85 .88

Average concentration .9 516 134 – 25.0 85 .87

RPD 11.8 1.0 3.0 – 1.6 0.9 2.3

Certified value NC NC NC NC 26.6 NC NC

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – -6.0 – –

BCR-701 Fraction 3

Analytical result 2.1 486 22.3 .88 13.8 104 1.30

Analytical result 1.8 468 21.3 .81 13.6 100 1.27

Average concentration 2.0 477 21.8 .85 13.7 102 1.29

RPD 15.4 3.8 4.6 8.3 1.5 3.9 2.3

Certified value NC NC NC NC 15.3 NC NC

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – -10.5 – –

Table 5  25
Parameter Lithium Magnesium

ManganeseMolybdenum Nickel PotassiumRubidium

Laboratory replicates of sample LR-5 (Composite)

Fraction 1

LR-5 0.2 6,850 104 <0.4 1.2 36 0.17

LR-5R <.2 6,710 104 <.4 1.1 33 .16

RPD – 2.1 I – 8.7 8.8 6.1

Fraction 2

LR-5 1.0 2,470 63 <.4 3.1 24 .44

LR-5R .9 2,390 62 <.4 3.0 22 .44

RPD 10.5 3.3 2.4 – 3.3 7.4 I

Fraction 3

LR-5 2.0 328 16.1 <.4 2.3 51 .53

LR-5R 1.8 331 16.2 <.4 2.2 47 .51

RPD 10.5 0.9 .6 – 4.4 7.6 3.8

Residual fraction

LR-5 13.1 4,810 182 .83 NR 16,500 54.7

LR-5R 11.9 4,460 201 .77 14.5 NR 45.5

RPD 9.6 7.6 9.9 7.5 – – 18.4

 Reporting limit 0.2 2 0.04 0.4 0.08 6 0.002

Table 5. Quality-control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

26  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 5. Quality control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Parameter Selenium Silver Sodium Strontium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc

Concentrations of process and wash blanks BCR-701

Average concentrations in wash blanks

 Fraction 1 <0.2 <0.6 <20 <0.1 <0.02 <0.02 <0.1 <0.1

 Fraction 2 <.2 <.6 <20 <.1 <.02 <.02 <.1 <.1

 Fraction 3 <.2 <.6 <20 <.1 <.02 <.02 <.1 <.1

Concentration in process blanks

 Fraction 1 <.2 <.6 <20 <.1 <.02 <.02 <.1 <.1

 Fraction 2 <.2 <.6 <20 <.1 <.02 <.02 <.1 <.1

 Fraction 3 <.2 <.6 <20 <.1 <.02 <.02 .6 <.1

 Fraction 4 <.2 <.6 <20 .31 <.02 <.02 <.1 0.2

Laboratory replication and recovery of standard reference material BCR-701

BCR-701 Fraction 1

Analytical result <0.2 <0.6 47.5 44.5 <0.02 0.06 0.5 188.0

Analytical result <.2 <.6 48.7 45.2 <.02 .06 .5 195.0

Average concentration – – 48.1 44.9 – .06 .5 191.5

RPD – – 2.5 1.6 – I I 3.7

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 205.0

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – – – – -6.6

BCR-701 Fraction 2

Analytical result <.2 3.72 < 20 12.2 .07 .65 10.6 104.0

Analytical result <.2 3.81 < 20 12.4 .07 .67 11.1 104.0

Average concentration – 3.77 – 12.3 .07 .66 10.9 104.0

RPD – 2.4 – 1.6 I 3.0 4.6 I

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 114.0

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – – – – -8.8

BCR-701 Fraction 3

Analytical result 1 1.03 31.1 1.8 .02 1.54 2.0 43.3

Analytical result 1 0.99 26.4 1.7 .02 1.56 2.3 40.0

Average concentration 1 1.01 28.8 1.7 .02 1.55 2.2 41.7

 RPD I 4.0 16.3 5.7 I 1.3 14.0 7.9

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 45.7

Average percentage difference from certified value – – – – – – – -8.8

Table 5  27
Table 5. Quality control data for analysis of sequential selective extraction of sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram RPD, relative percent difference. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical 

within significant figures of the reporting unit; NC, not certified; NR, not reported. Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Selenium Silver Sodium Strontium Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc

Laboratory replicates of sample LR-5 (Composite)

Fraction 1

LR-5 <0.2 <0.6 <20 12.1 0.02 0.20 0.3 187.0

LR-5R <.2 <.6 <20 11.9 <.02 .18 .3 183.0

RPD – – – 1.7 – 10.5 33 2.2

Fraction 2

LR-5 <.2 <.6 <20 9.9 .10 .49 7.0 331.0

LR-5R <.2 <.6 <20 9.7 .09 .47 6.8 323.0

RPD – – – 1.8 10.5 4.2 2.9 2.4

Fraction 3

LR-5 <.2 <.6 26.8 1.7 .04 .77 .9 118.0

LR-5R <.2 <.6 28.5 1.8 .04 .74 1.1 97.2

RPD – – 6.1 2.3 I 4.0 20.0 19.3

Residual fraction

LR-5 <.2 <.6 12,900 289 .40 1.03 45.5 102.0

LR-5R <.2 <.6 15,600 323 .40 1.13 43.9 116

RPD – – 18.9 11.1 I 9.3 3.6 12.8

 Reporting limit 0.2 0.6 20 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.1

28  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 6. Analyses of field filtering blanks and results from submission of blind water reference standards.

[Concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant 

figures of the reporting unit; ILOD, instrumental limit of detection; NC, not certified; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NRCC, National Reserch Center of 

Canada; NIST, National Institute of Science and Technology; RPD, relative percent difference; 3*Stdev., 3 times standard deviation; n, number of samples. 

Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

AluminumAntimony

Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cerium Cesium Chromium Cobalt

Filtering blanks (n = 3)

Average 10.0 <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD

3* Stdev. 4.3 – – – – – – – – – – –

NRCC - SLRS-3 (n =2)

Analytical result 43.3 <0.3 1 12.8 <0.05 <0.2 <0.1 5.84 0.26 <0.02 <5 <0.01

Analytical result 38.3 <.3 1 12.1 <.05 <.2 <.1 5.22 .27 <.02 <5 <.01

Certified value 31 .12 .72 13.4 .005 NC .013 6.0 NC NC .3 .027

Recovery 

(percent)

131 – 140 92.9 – – – 92 – – – –

RPD (percent) 12.3 – I 5.6 – – – 11.2 3.8 – – –

USGS SRS T-171 (n = 1)

Analytical result 28.4 2.6 3.4 13.4 0.8 <0.2 5.04 6.68 0.11 0.02 <5 4.73

Certified value 19.4 2.73 3.5 13.6 1.18 NC 4.92 6.75 NC NC 3.1 4.71

Recovery 

(percent)

146 95 97 99 70 – 102 99.0 – – – 100

USGS SRS T-179 (n = 2)

Analytical result 68.4 3.42 2 35.1 3.3 <0.2 4.34 18.5 0.48 <0.02 <5 1.07

Analytical result 62.8 3.40 2 33.9 3.3 <.2 4.38 18.1 .44 <.02 <5 1.11

Certified value 51.7 3.66 1.9 36.0 3.74 NC 4.42 18.9 NC NC NC 1.10

Recovery 

(percent)

127 93.2 105 95.8 88 – 98.6 96.8 – – – 99.1

RPD (percent) 8.5 .6 I 3.5 I – .9 2.2 8.7 – – 3.7

NIST 1640 (n = 1)

Analytical result 60.4 13.2 25.5 136 34.2 <0.2 22.3 7.14 0.36 0.12 36.0 20.8

Certified value 52.0 13.8 26.7 148 34.9 NC 22.8 7.05 NC NC 38.6 20.3

Recovery 

(percent)

116 95.7 95.6 91.9 97.9 – 97.8 101 – – 93 103

NIST 1643e (n = 2)

Analytical result 176 59.3 58.3 538 13.7 14.4 6.87 33.8 <0.05 <0.02 21.9 28.6

Analytical result 199 57.1 56.4 527 13.2 14.1 6.68 33.6 .05 <.02 21.5 27.7

Certified value 142 58.3 60.5 544 14.0 14.1 6.57 32.3 NC NC 20.4 27.1

Recovery 

(percent)

132 99.8 94.9 97.9 96.2 101 103 104 – – 106 104

RPD (percent) 12.3 3.8 3.3 2.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 .6 – – 1.8 3.2

 Reporting limit 10 0.3 1 1 0.05 0.2 0.1 1 0.05 0.02 5 0.1

Table 6  29
Table 6. Analyses of field filtering blanks and results from submission of blind water reference standards.—Continued

[Concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant 

figures of the reporting unit; ILOD, instrumental limit of detection; NC, not certified; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NRCC, National Reserch Center of 

Canada; NIST, National Institute of Science and Technology; RPD, relative percent difference; 3*Stdev., 3 times standard deviation; n, number of samples. 

Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Copper Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gallium Gadolinium

Germanium Holmium Iron Lanthanum

Lead

Filtering blanks (n = 3)

Average <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD

3* Stdev. – – – – – – – – – – –

NRCC - SLRS-3 (n =2)

Analytical result 0.97 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.05 <0.025 <0.25 <0.025 <250 0.24 <0.25

Analytical result .56 .05 <.025 <.025 <.05 .03 <.25 <.025 <250 .23 <.25

Certified value 1.35 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 100 NC .086

Recovery 

(percent)

57 – – – – – – – – – –

RPD (percent) 54 – – – – – – – – 4.3 –

USGS SRS T-171 (n = 1)

Analytical result <0.5 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.05 <0.025 <0.25 <0.025 <250 <0.1 1.1

Certified value 1.0 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 53.4 NC 1.09

Recovery 

(percent)

– – – – – – – – – – 101

USGS SRS T-179 (n = 2)

Analytical result 3.0 0.04 0.04 <0.025 <0.05 0.064 <0.25 <0.025 <250 0.38 2.0

Analytical result 3.6 <.04 .05 <.025 <.05 .086 <.25 <.025 <250 .37 1.9

Certified value 3.86 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 125 NC 1.86

Recovery 

(percent)

86 – – – – – – – – – 105

RPD (percent) 18 – – – – 25.2 – – – 2.7 5.1

NIST 1640 (n = 1)

Analytical result 88.7 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.05 0.03 <0.25 <0.04 <250 0.3 27.7

Certified value 85.2 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 34.3 NC 27.9

Recovery 

(percent)

104 – – – – – – – – – 99.3

NIST 1643e (n = 2)

Analytical result 22.8 <0.04 <0.025 0.075 <0.05 <0.005 <0.25 <0.025 <250 0.02 20.0

Analytical result 23.2 <.04 <.025 .11 <.05 <.025 <.25 <.025 <250 .04 20.1

Certified value 22.8 NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 98 NC 19.6

Recovery 

(percent)

101 – – – – – – – – – 102

RPD (percent) 1.7 – – 37.8 – – – – – 66.7 .5

 Reporting limit 0.5 0.04 0.025 0.025 0.05 0.025 0.25 .025 250 0.1 0.25

30 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 6. Analyses of field filtering blanks and results from submission of blind water reference standards.—Continued

[Concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant 

figures of the reporting unit; ILOD, instrumental limit of detection; NC, not certified; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NRCC, National Reserch Center of 

Canada; NIST, National Institute of Science and Technology; RPD, relative percent difference; 3*Stdev., 3 times standard deviation; n, number of samples. 

Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

Lithium Lutetium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

ManganeseMolybdenumNeodymium Nickel Niobium

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

Praseodymium

Filtering blanks (n = 3)

Average <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD 1.5 <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD 0.13 <ILOD

3* Stdev. – – – 5.1 – – – – – .17 –

NRCC - SLRS-3 (n =2)

Analytical result <4.5 <0.5 1.75 8.0 <2 0.25 1.0 <1 <0.05 0.92 0.06

Analytical result <4.5 <.5 1.55 12.1 <2 .20 .6 <1 <.05 .69 .06

Certified value NC NC 1.6 3.9 .19 NC .83 NC .7 .7 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

– – 42.3 260 – – 96 – – 120 –

RPD (percent) – – 12.1 41 – 22 50 – – 29 I

USGS SRS T-171 (n = 1)

Analytical result 5.2 <0.5 2.94 29.7 <2 0.08 5.5 <1 0.2 3.12 <0.05

Certified value 6.3 NC 2.78 12.4 1.97 NC 5.67 NC NC 2.80 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

83 – 106 240 – – 97 – – 111 –

USGS SRS T-179 (n = 2)

Analytical result 9.1 <0.5 4.89 44.6 2 0.43 0.9 <1 <0.05 1.69 0.09

Analytical result 7.7 <.5 4.77 45.4 2 .43 3.0 <1 <.05 1.61 .11

Certified value 6.50 NC 4.59 44.2 NC NC 1.41 NC NC 1.40 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

130 – 105 102 – – 140 – – 118 –

RPD (percent) 17 – 2.5 1.8 – – 110 – – 4.8 20

NIST 1640 (n = 1)

Analytical result 54.2 <0.5 6.2 126 44.6 0.39 28.2 <1 <0.05 1.2 0.11

Certified value 50.7 NC 5.82 122 46.8 NC 27.4 NC NC .99 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

107 – 110 104 95.4 – 103 – – 120 –

NIST 1643e (n = 2)

Analytical result 22.0 <0.5 9.06 42.2 118 <0.05 64.2 <1 0.08 2.53 <0.05

Analytical result 20.2 <.5 8.82 40.5 118 <.05 63.8 <1 .08 2.50 <.05

Certified value 17.4 NC 8.04 39.0 121 NC 62.4 NC NC 2.03 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

121 – 111 106 97.5 – 103 – – 124 –

RPD (percent) 8.5 – 2.7 4.1 I – .6 – – 1.2 –

 Reporting limit 4.5 0.5 0.05 5 2 0.05 0.4 1 0.05 0.15 0.05

Table 6  31
Table 6. Analyses of field filtering blanks and results from submission of blind water reference standards.—Continued

[Concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant 

figures of the reporting unit; ILOD, instrumental limit of detection; NC, not certified; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NRCC, National Reserch Center of 

Canada; NIST, National Institute of Science and Technology; RPD, relative percent difference; 3*Stdev., 3 times standard deviation; n, number of samples. 

Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

RubidiumSamariumScandiumSeleniumSilica

(mg/L) Silver Sodium

(mg/L)

StrontiumSulfate

(mg/L) Tantalum Terbium

Filtering blanks (n = 3)

Average <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD

3* Stdev. – – – – – – – – – – –

NRCC - SLRS-3 (n =2)

Analytical result 1.58 <0.09 <3 <5 3.2 <15 2.64 30.7 12 <0.1 <0.025

Analytical result 1.34 <.09 <3 <5 2.8 <15 2.36 28.3 <10 <.1 <.025

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC 2.3 28.1 NC NC NC

Recovery 

(percent)

– – – – – – 110 105 – – –

RPD (percent) 16.4 – – – 13.3 – 11.2 8.1 – – –

USGS SRS T-171 (n = 1)

Analytical result 0.98 <0.09 <3 <5 3.0 <15 9.33 81.7 <10 <0.1 <0.025

Certified value NC NC NC 1.4 3.5 NC 8.60 84.0 NC NC NC

Recovery 

(percent)

– – – – 86 – 109 97.3 – – –

USGS SRS T-179 (n = 2)

Analytical result 0.34 <0.09 <3 <5 13.6 <15 28 109 12 <0.1 <0.025

Analytical result .38 <.09 <3 <5 13.6 <15 27 107 <10 <.1 <.025

Certified value NC NC NC NC 14.9 NC 26.2 113 NC NC NC

Recovery 

(percent)

– – – – 91.3 – 105 95.6 – – –

RPD (percent) 11.1 – – – I – 3.6 1.9 – – –

NIST 1640 (n = 1)

Analytical result 1.89 <0.09 <3 22.4 9.5 <15 31.4 119 <10 <0.1 <0.025

Certified value 2.00 NC NC 21.96 10.1 7.6 29.4 124.2 NC NC NC

Recovery 

(percent)

94.5 – – 102 94 – 107 95.8 – – –

NIST 1643e (n = 2)

Analytical result 14.0 <0.09 <3 13.1 <1 <15 23.9 322 16 <0.1 <0.025

Analytical result 13.6 <.09 <3 11.6 <1 <15 23.1 315 <10 <.1 <.025

Certified value 14.1 NC NC 12.0 NC 1.0 20.7 323 NC NC NC

Recovery 

(percent)

97.6 – – 103 – – 114 98.6 – – –

RPD (percent) 2.9 – – 12.1 – – 3.4 2.2 – – –

 Reporting limit 0.05 0.09 3 5 1 15 0.5 2.5 10 0.1 0.025

32 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 6. Analyses of field filtering blanks and results from submission of blind water reference standards.—Continued

[Concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant 

figures of the reporting unit; ILOD, instrumental limit of detection; NC, not certified; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; NRCC, National Reserch Center of 

Canada; NIST, National Institute of Science and Technology; RPD, relative percent difference; 3*Stdev., 3 times standard deviation; n, number of samples. 

Symbols: –, not applicable or available; <, less than]

ThalliumThoriumThuliumTitanium

Tungsten

UraniumVanadiumYtterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium

Filtering blanks (n = 3)

Average <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD <ILOD

3* Stdev. – – – – – – – – – – –

NRCC - SLRS-3 (n =2)

Analytical result <0.2 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <0.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.025 0.11 <2.5 <1

Analytical result <.2 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <.5 <.5 <2.5 <.025 .1 <2.5 <1

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC .045 .3 NC NC 1.04 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

– – – – – – – – – – –

RPD (percent) – – – – – – – – – – –

USGS SRS T-171 (n = 1)

Analytical result 8.1 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <0.5 1.22 <2.5 0.05 0.1 5.2 <1

Certified value 8.35 NC NC NC NC 1.23 2.39 NC NC 6.21 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

97 – – – – 99.2 – – – 84 –

USGS SRS T-179 (n = 2)

Analytical result 1.3 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <0.5 1.56 2.5 0.03 0.27 7.3 <1

Analytical result 1.3 <1 <.045 <2.5 <.5 1.53 <2.5 .05 .27 7.5 <1

Certified value 1.33 NC NC NC NC `1.55 NC NC NC 8.50 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

98 – – – – 99.7 – – – 87 –

RPD (percent) I – – – – 1.9 – 50 – 2.7 –

NIST 1640 (n = 1)

Analytical result <0.2 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <0.5 0.76 12 <0.025 0.18 52.9 <1

Certified value NC NC NC NC NC NC 13.0 NC NC 53.2 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

– – – – – – 92 – – 99.4 –

NIST 1643e (n = 2)

Analytical result 7.5 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <0.5 <0.5 39.9 <0.025 <0.05 81 <1

Analytical result 7.6 <1 <0.045 <2.5 <.5 <.5 38.5 <.025 <.05 80.3 <1

Certified value 7.45 NC NC NC NC NC 37.9 NC NC 78.5 NC

Recovery 

(percent)

101 – – – – – 104 – – 103 –

RPD (percent) 1.3 – – – – – 3.6 – – .9 –

 Reporting limit 0.2 1 0.045 2.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.025 0.05 2.5 1

Table 6  33
Element Assessment

Aluminum Recovery of SRM high (116 percent to 146 percent) at concentration between 28 and 200 mg/L.

Antimony Good recovery and RPD at 10 × original ILOD.

Arsenic Good recovery of SRM (103 percent) and RPD <10 percent at 2 × original ILOD.

Barium RL increased by 5 for dilution, no data lost.

Beryllium Informational data, no SRM data to evaluate.

Bismuth Informational data, no SRM data to evaluate.

Cadmium RL increased by 5 for dilution, RPD of 13 percent at 1.5 × RL.

Calcium RL increased by 5 for dilution, no data lost.

Cerium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Cesium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate.

Chromium RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Cobalt 75 percent recovery and high RPD near original ILOD, RL increased by 5 for dilution .

Copper One of two analysis of SLRS–3 was low.

Dysprosium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Erbium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Europium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Gadolimium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Gallium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. Good RPD near original ILOD.

Germanium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Holmium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Iron Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Lanthanum Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 10. Five percent RPD at 2 × RL.

Lead ILOD increased by 5 for dilution. 101 percent recovery at 4 times RL.

Lithium ILOD increased by 5 for dilution, no data lost.

Lutetium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Magnesium RL increased by 5 for dilution, no data lost.

Manganese Reporting limit of 5 mg/L determined by field laboratory filtering blanks.

Molybdenum 92 percent recovery near ILOD. RPD <10 percent at 2 × RL.

Neodymium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Nickel 50 percent RPD for SLRS–3.

Niobium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Phosphorus Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Potassium RL increased by 5 for dilution. 

Praseodymium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution. Low RPD near RL.

Rubidium RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Samarium RL of 0.09 mg/L determined by field laboratory filtering blanks.

Scandium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Selenium RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Silica RL increased by 5 for dilution. RPD of 13 percent at 3 × RL.

Silver RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Sodium RPD <10 percent at 3 to 4 × RL.

Strontium RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Sulfate Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution. RPD high at 2 to 3 × RL.

Tantalum Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Terbium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Thallium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Thorium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Thulium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Titanium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Tungsten Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RPD of 11 percent at 1.5 x RL.

Uranium RL increased by 5 for dilution. 99 percent recovery with 3 × RL for two SRMs.

Vanadium RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Ytterbium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Yttrium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Zinc RL increased by 5 for dilution. Recovery 83 percent to 87 percent at 2 to 3 × RL. RL for incubations experiments increased to 3.3 μg/L based 

on the control experiment.

Zirconium Informational data, no SRM to evaluate. RL increased by 5 for dilution.

Table 7. Quality-assurance assessment of water samples.

[Assessment: SRM, standard reference material; RPD, relative percent difference; RL, reporting limit; ILOD, instrumental limit of detection; SLRS-3, 

freshwater standard reference material issued by National Research Council of Canada. Abbreviations: mg/L, micrograms per liter. Symbols: <, less than; ×, 

times]

34 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier Element Concentration

LR-1 LR-1OV Nickel 4.3

LR-6 LR-6INC8 Lead 15

LR-7 LR-7AINC4 Cobalt 5.9

Control LR-9INC0A Aluminum 66.6

Control LR-9INC0A Antimony 1.74

Table 8. Water samples identified as outliers.

[All concentrations in micrograms per liter]

Table 9. Results of incubation control experiment.

[Concentrations in microgram per liter unless otherwise indicated. Probability represents the chance that results at 1 hour and 34 days are 

the same. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; OTL, outlier (see table 8); Avg., average; Std. Dev., standard deviation. Symbols: <, 

less than; –, not applicable]

Sample 

identifier Time Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Cadmium

LR-9INC0A 1 hour OTL OTL <1 22.0 <0.05 <0.2 <.1

LR-9INC0B 1 hour <10 0.3 <1 21.5 <.05 <.2 <.1

LR-9INC0C 1 hour 11.7 .3 <1 23.2 <.05 <.2 <.1

LR-9INC34A 34 days 12.1 .31 <1 27.3 <.05 <.2 <.1

LR-9INC34B 34 days 17.2 .39 1 38.1 <.05 <.2 <.1

LR-9INC34C 34 days 13.1 .3 <1 27.4 <.05 <.2 <.1

1 hour Avg. – 0.3 – 22.2 – – –

Std. Dev. – <.1 – .9 – – –

34 days Avg. 14.1 0.3 – 30.9 – – –

Std. Dev. 2.7 .05 – 6.2 – – –

Probability – .36 – .13 – – –

Sample 

identifier Time Calcium (mg/L) Cerium Cesium Chromium Cobalt Copper Dysprosium

LR-9INC0A 1 hour 15.3 <0.05 <0.02 <5 <0.1 <0.5 <0.04

LR-9INC0B 1 hour 16.0 <.05 <.02 <5 <.1 <.5 <.04

LR-9INC0C 1 hour 16.0 <.05 <.02 <5 <.1 <.5 <.04

LR-9INC34A 34 days 18.4 <.05 <.02 <5 <.1 <.5 <.04

LR-9INC34B 34 days 25.0 <.05 <.02 <5 <.1 .97 <.04

LR-9INC34C 34 days 19.4 <.05 <.02 <5 <.1 .5 <.04

1 hour Avg. 15.8 – – – – – –

Std. Dev. 0.4 – – – – – –

34 days Avg. 20.9 – – – – – –

Std. Dev. 3.6 – – – – – –

Probability .13 – – – – – –

Tables 8 and 9  35
Table 9. Results of incubation control experiment.—Continued

[Concentrations in microgram per liter unless otherwise indicated. Probability represents the chance that results at 1 hour and 34 days are 

the same. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; OTL, outlier (see table 8); Avg., average; Std. Dev., standard deviation. Symbols: <, 

less than; –, not applicable]

Sample 

identifier Time Parameter Erbium Europium Gallium Gadolinium

Germanium Holmium Iron

LR-9INC0A 1 hour <0.005 <0.025 <0.05 <0.025 <0.25 <0.025 <250

LR-9INC0B 1 hour <.005 <.025 <.05 <.025 <.25 <.025 <250

LR-9INC0C 1 hour <.005 <.025 <.05 <.025 <.25 <.025 <250

LR-9INC34A 34 days <.005 <.025 <.05 <.025 <.25 <.025 <250

LR-9INC34B 34 days <.005 <.025 <.05 <.025 <.25 <.025 <250

LR-9INC34C 34 days <.005 <.025 <.05 <.025 <.25 <.025 <250

1 hour Avg. – – – – – – –

Std. Dev. – – – – – – –

34 days Avg. – – – – – – –

Std. Dev. – – – – – – –

Probability – – – – – – –

Sample 

identifier Time Parameter Lanthanam 

Lead Lithium Lutetium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

ManganeseMolybdenium

LR-9INC0A 1 hour <0.1 <0.25 <4.5 <0.5 4.96 <5 <2

LR-9INC0B 1 hour <.1 <.25 <4.5 <.5 4.97 <5 <2

LR-9INC0C 1 hour <.1 <.25 <4.5 <.5 5.09 <5 <2

LR-9INC34A 34 days <.1 <.25 <4.5 <.5 5.29 <5 <2

LR-9INC34B 34 days <.1 <.25 <4.5 <.5 7.30 <5 <2

LR-9INC34C 34 days <.1 <.25 <4.5 <.5 5.47 <5 <2

1 hour Avg. – – – – 5.0 – –

Std. Dev. – – – – 0.1 – –

34 days Avg. – – – – 6.0 – –

Std. Dev. – – – – 1.1 – –

Probability – – – – .26 – –

Sample 

identifier Time Parameter Neodymium Nickel Niobium Phosphorus

Potassium

 (mg/L)

ProsedymiumRubidium

LR-9INC0A 1 hour <0.05 <0.4 <1 <0.05 0.97 <0.05 0.99

LR-9INC0B 1 hour <.05 <.4 <1 <.05 .94 <.05 .99

LR-9INC0C 1 hour <.05 <.4 <1 <.05 .95 <.05 1.00

LR-9INC34A 34 days <.05 <.4 <1 <.05 .94 <.05 1.01

LR-9INC34B 34 days <.05 <.4 <1 <.05 1.33 <.05 1.45

LR-9INC34C 34 days <.05 <.4 <1 <.05 1.05 <.01 1.11

1 hour Avg. – – – – 1.0 – 1.0

Std. Dev. – – – – .0 – .0

34 days Avg. – – – – 1.1 – 1.2

Std. Dev. – – – – .2 – .2

Probability – – – – .32 – .28

36  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 9. Results of incubation control experiment.—Continued

[Concentrations in microgram per liter unless otherwise indicated. Probability represents the chance that results at 1 hour and 34 days are 

the same. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter; OTL, outlier (see table 8); Avg., average; Std. Dev., standard deviation. Symbols: <, 

less than; –, not applicable]

Sample 

identifier Time Parameter Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon (mg/L) Silver Sodium (mg/L) Strontium 

LR-9INC0A 1 hour <0.09 <3 <5 3.2 <15 2.14 79.0

LR-9INC0B 1 hour <.09 <3 <5 2.8 <15 2.11 80.9

LR-9INC0C 1 hour <.09 <3 <5 3.0 <15 2.10 82.3

LR-9INC34A 34 days <.09 <3 <5 3.5 <15 2.26 92.3

LR-9INC34B 34 days <.09 <3 <5 4.4 <15 3.30 127

LR-9INC34C 34 days <.09 <3 <5 3.7 <15 2.32 93.4

1 hour Avg. – – – 3.0 – 2.1 80.7

Std. Dev. – – – .2 – .03 1.7

34 days Avg. – – – 3.9 – 2.6 104.2

Std. Dev. – – – 0.5 – 0.6 19.7

Probability – – – .07 – .27 .17

Sample 

identifier Time Parameter Sulfate (mg/L) Tantalum Terbium Thalium Thorium Thulium Titanium

LR-9INC0A 1 hour 24 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <2.5

LR-9INC0B 1 hour 12 <.1 <.01 <.1 <1 <.045 <2.5

LR-9INC0C 1 hour 22 <.1 <.01 <.1 <1 <.045 <2.5

LR-9INC34A 34 days 14 <.1 <.01 <.1 <1 <.045 <2.5

LR-9INC34B 34 days 19 <.1 <.01 <.1 <1 <.045 <2.5

LR-9INC34C 34 days 28 <.1 <.01 <.1 <1 <.045 <2.5

1 hour Avg. 19.3 – – – – – –

Std. Dev. 6.4 – – – – – –

34 days Avg. 20.3 – – – – – –

Std. Dev. 7.1 – – – – – –

Probability .87 – – – – – –

Sample 

identifier Time Parameter Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Yttrium Ytterbium Zinc Zirconium

LR-9INC0A 1 hour <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.05 <0.025 <2.5 <0.2

LR-9INC0B 1 hour <.5 <.5 <.5 <.05 <.025 <2.5 <.2

LR-9INC0C 1 hour <.5 <.5 <.5 <.05 <.025 <2.5 <.2

LR-9INC34A 34 days <.5 <.5 <.5 <.05 <.025 2.8 <.2

LR-9INC34B 34 days <.5 <.5 <.5 <.05 <.025 4.3 <.2

LR-9INC34C 34 days <.5 <.5 0.6 <.05 <.025 2.8 <.2

1 hour Avg. – – – – – – –

Std. Dev. – – – – – – –

34 days Avg. – – – – – 3.3 –

Std. Dev. – – – – – 0.9 –

Probability – – – – – – –

Table 9  37
Element or 

group

Analysis of solids Analysis of liquids

Solids

Selective fraction

Total Reservoir 

water

PorewaterIncubationTumbling Total 

1 2 3 Res.

Total No. of samples 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 55 24 121

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements

Detections Barium 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 55 24 121

Beryllium 28 8 8 8 8 60 0 1 0 0 1

Calcium 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 55 24 121

Cesium 28 3 8 8 8 55 0 27 20 17 64

Lithium 28 5 8 8 8 57 1 7 1 10 19

Magnesium 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 55 24 121

Potassium 28 8 8 8 7 59 10 32 55 24 121

Rubidium 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 55 24 121

Sodium 28 5 2 6 8 49 10 32 55 24 121

Strontium 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 55 24 121

Detections AAE 280 69 74 78 79 580 71 259 406 195 931

Possible detections AAE 280 80 80 80 80 600 100 320 350 240 1,210

Percentage of detections AAE 100 86 93 98 99 97 71 81 74 81 77

Non-metals

Detections Arsenic 28 6 8 3 8 53 1 28 8 21 58

Phosphorus 28 – – – – 28 1 22 16 9 48

Selenium – 1 1 6 1 9 0 0 0 0 0

Silicon – – – – – – – 10 32 55 24 121

Sulfate – – – – – – – 7 5 55 13 80

Detections NM 56 7 9 9 9 90 19 87 134 67 307

Possible detections NM 56 16 16 16 16 120 50 160 275 120 605

Percentage of detections NM 100 44 56 56 56 75 38 54 49 56 51

Metals

Detections Aluminum 28 8 8 8 8 60 10 32 41 24 107

Antimony 28 4 5 3 8 48 3 28 29 21 81

Bismuth 28 0 5 0 8 41 0 0 0 0 0

Cadmium 28 8 8 8 8 60 1 11 8 13 33

Chromium 28 8 7 8 8 59 0 0 0 0 0

Cobalt 28 8 8 8 8 60 3 29 15 21 68

Copper 28 8 8 8 8 60 6 26 55 20 107

Gallium 28 4 8 8 8 56 0 17 16 18 51

Germanium – 4 6 5 8 23 0 5 2 12 19

Iron 28 8 8 8 8 60 0 8 4 12 24

Lead 28 8 8 8 8 60 7 32 23 22 84

Manganese 28 8 8 8 8 60 3 30 31 24 88

Molybdenum 28 1 1 2 5 37 0 13 20 19 52

Nickel 28 8 8 8 6 58 1 26 21 19 67

Niobium – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

Scandium 28 – – – – 28 0 6 16 9 31

Table 10. Number of detections in sediments, selective extractants, reservoir waters, porewaters, incubation core samples, and 

supernatants of the tumbling experiments.

[Abbreviations: Res., residual; No., number; AAE, alkali and alkaline earth elements; NM, non-metals; L&A, lanthanide and actinide; –, not analyzed]

38  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Element or 

group

Analysis of solids Analysis of liquids

Solids

Selective fraction

Total Reservoir 

water

PorewaterIncubationTumbling Total 

1 2 3 Res.

Metals—Continued

Detections Silver 4 0 0 0 3 7 0 0 0 0 0

Tantalum – – – – – 0 0 1 0 0 1

Thallium 28 3 5 4 8 48 0 0 0 1 1

Titanium 28 – – – – 28 0 10 0 5 15

Tungsten – – – – – 0 0 8 5 8 21

Vanadium 28 8 8 8 8 60 0 3 0 1 4

Yttrium 28 – – – – 28 0 31 2 21 54

Zinc 28 8 8 8 8 60 3 29 38 24 94

Zirconium – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0 0

Detections Metals 536 104 117 110 134 973 37 339 325 285 1,001

Possible detections Metals 560 160 160 160 160 1,200 250 800 1,375 600 3,025

Percentage of detections Metals 91 65 73 69 84 81 15 42 24 48 33

Lanthanide and actinide elements

Detections Cerium 28 – – – – 28 0 31 4 22 57

Dyprosium – – – – – – 0 7 0 1 8

Erbium – – – – – – 1 4 0 2 7

Europium – – – – – – 0 3 1 8 12

Gadolinium – – – – – – 0 17 1 9 27

Holmium – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0

Lanthanum 28 – – – – 28 0 21 0 10 31

Lutetium – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0

Neodymium – – – – – – 0 24 0 15 39

Praseodymium – – – – – – 0 9 0 1 10

Samarium – – – – – – 0 2 0 0 2

Terbium – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0

Thorium 28 – – – – 28 0 0 0 0 0

Thulium – – – – – – 0 0 0 0 0

Uranium 28 8 8 8 8 60 1 11 24 12 48

Ytterbium – – – – – – 0 17 4 6 27

Detections L&A 112 8 8 8 8 144 2 146 34 86 268

Possible detections L&A 112 8 8 8 8 144 160 512 880 384 1,936

Percentage of detections L&A 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 29 4 22 14

All elements

Detections All 984 188 208 205 230 1,815 129 837 899 642 2,507

Possible detections All 1,098 248 248 248 248 2,000 560 1,792 3,080 1,344 6,776

Percentage of detections All 98 76 84 83 93 91 23 47 29 48 37

Table 10. Number of detections in sediments, selective extractants, reservoir waters, porewaters, incubation core samples, and 

supernatants of the tumbling experiments.—Continued

[Abbreviations: Res., residual; AAE, alkali and alkaline earth elements; NM, non-metals; L&A, lanthanide and actinide; NA, not analyzed]

Table 10 39
Table 11. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in composite samples and field replicates.

[All concentrations are in microgram per gram; Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; PW, porewater]

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier Sample type 

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements Non-Metals

Barium Beryllium Calcium Cesium Lithium Magnesium

PotassiumRubidium Sodium Strontium Arsenic Phosphorus

LR-1 LR-1 Composite 799 2.4 13,700 4.7 27.0 9,530 25,500 115 14,600 317 9 570

PW-1B 0-2 cm spent PW 793 2.5 11,900 5.2 27.8 10,400 27,200 124 14,300 297 9 680

PW-1C 0-2 cm spent PW 803 2.4 11,400 5.0 27.9 9,880 27,500 126 14,400 296 10 580

LR-2 LR-2 Composite 1,060 2.9 11,300 7.6 45.0 14,800 24,700 127 11,000 249 22 1,500

LR-2A 0-1 cm 1,080 2.9 12,200 7.8 43.9 15,700 25,800 130 11,100 267 22 1,500

LR-2B 7-10 cm 1,060 2.9 12,400 7.3 43.2 14,400 24,800 126 12,100 262 25 1,200

LR-3 LR-3 Composite 1,180 2.7 15,400 5.2 33.6 13,200 24,400 108 16,400 400 13 1,500

LR-3A 0-1 cm 1,100 2.5 15,300 5.0 31.8 13,100 23,600 105 15,100 386 15 1,500

LR-3B 5-6 cm 1,210 2.6 16,100 5.3 35.1 14,000 26,000 114 16,700 411 14 1,600

LR-4 LR-4 Composite 1,240 2.4 17,600 1.8 15.9 7,920 26,800 93 23,500 601 3 690

PW-4A 0-2 cm spent PW 1,220 2.3 16,000 1.8 15.4 7,760 26,600 89 23,700 586 3 690

PW-4F 0-2 cm spent PW 1,210 2.1 16,600 2.1 16.3 8,360 26,000 92 22,300 567 3 800

LR-4A TM-4AINC 0-2 cm spent 

tumbled core

1,090 3.0 16,700 4.9 42.1 14,800 24,900 101 17,000 399 9 1,700

LR-5 LR-5 Composite 1,460 2.3 32,600 2.8 21.3 18,000 21,300 81 18,500 486 8 1,200

PW-5A 0-2 cm spent PW 1,210 2.2 26,600 4.1 27.5 16,800 19,400 83 15,000 376 11 1,600

PW-5B 0-2 cm spent PW 1,480 1.9 37,400 2.8 21.0 22,200 18,900 73 15,600 408 10 1,300

PW-5D 0-2 cm spent PW 1,460 2.1 30,200 2.9 20.8 17,800 21,300 80 17,800 433 8 1,200

LR-5A TM-5AINC 0-2 cm spent 

tumbled core

1,300 3.0 36,200 2.8 30.2 18,400 22,000 78 19,200 479 9 1,600

LR-6 LR-6 Composite 1,430 1.9 43,400 2.0 17.0 19,700 19,200 69 17,200 482 12 1,200

LR-6A 0-1 cm 1,530 2.4 40,100 2.2 19.3 19,500 21,300 76 19,300 530 10 1,400

LR-6B 3-4 cm 1,670 2.2 44,200 1.9 17.3 20,600 21,200 73 18,400 523 11 1,400

LR-7 LR-7 Composite 2,110 1.6 83,600 1.8 18.9 11,500 14,500 59 10,100 476 32 940

LR-7R Composite 2,140 1.8 83,500 1.8 19.2 11,700 14,600 58 10,500 479 30 920

PW-7E 0-2 cm spent PW 1,980 1.5 84,400 2.0 18.5 13,100 14,600 59 9,960 438 30 1,000

PW-7F 0-2 cm spent PW 1,800 1.5 85,500 2.2 19.5 14,600 15,500 64 10,600 425 30 1,000

SA-8 SA-8 Composite 1,030 2.4 18,800 5.1 32.6 12,900 25,000 104 17,300 492 10 1,100

SA-8A 0-1 cm 956 2.4 16,100 6.2 36.7 14,000 24,800 112 14,500 401 9 1,300

SA-8B 5-7 cm 983 2.5 18,200 5.5 34.7 13,600 24,500 107 16,300 479 7 1,200

1

RM 743 0-1 cm 3,100 1.4 95,400 0.8 18.2 9,570 6,870 22.8 5,080 444 46.8 687

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the Columbia River on September 13, 2002 and 

analyzed as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

40 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier Variation

Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Barium Beryllium Calcium Cesium Lithium Magnesium

Potassium Rubidium Sodium Strontium

LR-1 PW-1B H 0.8 4.2 13.1 10.6 3.0 9.1 6.7 7.8 2.1 6.3

PW-1C H .5 I 16.8 6.4 3.3 3.7 7.8 9.6 1.4 6.6

LR-2 LR-2A V 1.9 I 8.0 2.6 2.4 6.1 4.5 2.4 .9 7.2

LR-2B V I I 9.7 3.9 4.0 2.7 .4 .8 10.0 5.2

LR-3 LR-3A V 7.3 8.0 .7 4.0 5.7 .8 3.4 2.9 8.6 3.6

LR-3B V 9.1 3.8 5.0 5.7 9.4 6.4 9.2 7.9 9.6 6.1

LR-4 PW-4A H 1.6 4.2 9.1 I 3.1 2.0 .7 4.6 .9 2.5

PW-4F H 2.4 12.5 5.7 16.7 2.5 5.6 3.0 1.8 5.1 5.7

LR-5 PW-5A H 17.1 4.3 20.3 46.4 29.1 6.7 8.9 2.6 18.9 22.6

PW-5B H 1.4 17.4 14.7 I 1.4 23.3 11.3 9.8 15.7 16.0

PW-5D H I 8.7 7.4 3.6 2.3 1.1 I .5 3.8 10.9

LR-6 LR-6A V 7.0 26.3 7.6 10.0 13.5 1.0 10.9 9.2 12.2 10.0

LR-6B V .2 .2 1.8 .1 1.2 4.5 .1 5.6 .1 .1

LR-7 PW-7E H 6.2 6.3 1.0 11.1 2.1 13.9 .7 1.2 1.4 8.0

PW-7F H 14.7 6.3 2.3 22.2 3.2 27.0 6.9 9.4 5.0 1.7

SA-8 SA-8A V 7.2 I 14.4 21.6 12.6 8.5 .8 7.7 16.2 18.5

SA-8B V 4.6 4.2 3.2 7.8 6.4 5.4 2.0 2.9 5.8 2.6

Table 12. Vertical and horizontal variation of concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals.

[All values are the percent difference from composite sample concentrations listed in table 11. Vertical or Horizontal variation: H, horizontal; V, vertical. 

Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant figures of the reporting unit]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier Variation

Non-metals

Arsenic Phosphorus

LR-1 PW-1B H I 19.3

PW-1C H 8.9 1.8

LR-2 LR-2A V I I

LR-2B V 13.6 20.0

LR-3 LR-3A V 13.3 I

LR-3B V 7.1 6.3

LR-4 PW-4A H 6.3 I

PW-4F H 6.3 15.9

LR-5 PW-5A H 37.5 33.3

PW-5B H 25.0 8.3

PW-5D H 2.5 I

LR-6 LR-6A V 16.7 16.7

LR-6B V .1 .2

LR-7 PW-7E H 6.3 6.4

PW-7F H 6.3 6.4

SA-8 SA-8A V 3.2 18.2

SA-8B V 24.2 9.1

Table 12 41
Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier Sample type 

Metals

Aluminum Antimony Bismuth Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Iron Lead

LR-1 LR-1 Composite 66,100 0.8 0.29 .25 45.8 6.8 12.1 16 28,000 15.9

PW-1B 0–2 cm spent PW 69,200 1.0 .28 .32 53.9 7.7 13.6 17 37,000 17.6

PW-1C 0–2 cm spent PW 68,500 1.0 .26 .33 56.0 7.3 12.5 17 41,000 16.7

LR-2 LR-2 Composite 83,800 4.2 .81 6.8 101.0 18.8 84.0 22 51,000 247

LR-2A 0–1 cm 83,900 3.0 .71 4.0 96.6 19.4 63.4 22 52,000 116

LR-2B 7–10 cm 85,000 4.0 .94 10.5 109.0 19.8 72.5 22 50,000 374

LR-3 LR-3 Composite 76,200 4.2 .66 6.7 101.0 16.3 68.7 19 42,000 413

LR-3A 0–1 cm 72,200 3.2 .54 4.8 88.9 15.9 55.3 18 42,000 205

LR-3B 5–6 cm 79,800 4.8 .72 7.8 108.0 16.5 81.7 20 44,000 480

LR-4 LR-4 Composite 69,700 .5 .10 .24 42.1 6.3 12.3 15 20,000 17.9

PW-4A 0–2 cm spent PW 70,400 .5 .11 .31 40.7 5.7 12.4 15 19,000 20

PW-4F 0–2 spent PW 68,600 .6 .12 .33 43.6 6.5 15.0 15 21,000 20.4

LR-4A TM-4AINC 0–2 cm spent 

tumbled core

79,900 3.4 .51 2.6 76.8 14.1 63.3 18 42,000 112

LR-5 LR-5 Composite 60,800 4.8 .75 3.6 61.3 9.1 68.7 15 32,000 212

PW-5A 0–2 cm spent PW 60,400 8.0 .68 4.6 69.8 12.5 111 16 40,000 190

PW-5B 0–2 cm spent PW 54,400 5.9 .44 5.3 59.1 8.9 77.1 13 32,000 276

PW-5D 0–2 spent PW 61,300 4.1 .38 3.0 58.8 8.7 61.8 14 30,000 180

LR-5A TM-5AINC 0–2 cm spent 

tumbled core

66,900 13.5 .38 3.4 68.3 13.8 212.0 16 50,000 167

LR-6 LR-6 Composite 53,000 24.0 .40 4.2 61.7 12.4 281 14 45,000 205

LR-6A 0–1 cm 60,400 20.1 .30 4.5 81.4 15.0 234 16 49,000 170

LR-6B 3–4 cm 58,100 34.3 .26 3.4 70.5 15.5 328 16 51,000 159

LR-7 LR-7 Composite 43,200 174 .21 1.4 173.0 64.7 2,660 26 220,000 843

LR-7R Composite 43,600 163 .13 1.2 166.0 64.8 2,600 26 220,000 802

PW-7E 0–2 cm spent PW 43,500 145 .13 1.5 146.0 62.1 2,480 24 200,000 926

PW-7F 0–2 cmspent PW 44,600 125 .28 1.5 132.0 56.0 2,300 22 190,000 816

SA-8 SA-8 Composite 77,800 1.7 .34 .38 75.2 12.5 24.6 19 35,000 21.1

SA-8A 0–1 cm 76,700 1.2 .42 .63 79.0 13.5 29.2 20 39,000 22.6

SA-8B 5–7 cm 77,300 1.1 .35 .41 82.6 12.8 27.8 20 37,000 21.7

1

RM 743 0-2 cm 32,400 323 .3 <.003 298 86.8 3,790 33.5 32,400 642

Table 13. Concentrations of metals in composite samples and field replicates.

[Concentrations are in microgram per gram. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; PW, pore water. Symbols: –, not analyzed; <, less than]

42 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site

identifier

Sample

identifier Sample type 

Metals

ManganeseMolybdenum Nickel Scandium Silver Thallium Titanium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc

LR-1 LR-1 Composite 455 0.31 14.1 9.6 <3 0.7 2,500 70.4 18.7 75

PW-1B 0–2 spent PW 517 .33 16.3 10.8 <3 .9 3,100 85.5 20.9 109

PW-1C 0–2 spent PW 542 .32 15.2 10.1 <3 .8 2,800 93.5 19.1 96

LR-2 LR-2 Composite 2,210 1.1 45.3 16.3 <3 1.8 4,300 121 45.8 806

LR-2A 0–1 cm 3,780 1.6 50.1 16.5 <3 1.2 4,500 125 30.3 580

LR-2B 7–10 cm 1,180 1.3 44.4 16.4 <3 1.7 4,500 120 51.6 1,220

LR-3 LR-3 Composite 1,510 1.3 41.6 13.2 <3 1.8 3,500 112 47.0 798

LR-3A 0–1 cm 3,200 1.7 42.0 12.8 <3 1.4 3,400 106 32.9 530

LR-3B 5–6 cm 1,050 1.3 44.2 14.0 <3 2.2 3,700 118 51.1 985

LR-4 LR-4 Composite 445 .36 15.2 7.0 <3 .6 2,000 64.1 14.7 57

PW-4A 0–2 spent PW 470 .39 14.6 6.9 <3 .6 1,900 60.7 12.9 65

PW-4F 0–2 spent PW 492 .45 17.2 7.2 <3 .6 2,000 66.5 13.7 72

LR-4A TM-4AINC 0–2 spent 

tumbled core

1,110 1.2 36.8 11.6 <3 .9 3,500 103 23.9 407

LR-5 LR-5 Composite 560 1.8 22.5 8.8 <3 .9 2,700 80.4 26.0 763

PW-5A 0–2 spent PW 729 2.1 30.0 10.9 <3 .8 2,900 90.0 26.1 954

PW-5B 0–2 spent PW 536 2.6 23.5 7.9 <3 .9 2,300 75.6 26.1 1,020

PW-5D 0–2 spent PW 510 1.9 21.8 8.9 <3 .8 2,400 77.5 23.4 663

LR-5A TM-5AINC 0-2 spent 

tumbled core

904 4.4 24.2 8.3 <3 .7 2,800 79.7 21.4 2,320

LR-6 LR-6 Composite 844 5.6 18.4 6.8 <3 .6 2,000 67.1 17.8 2,760

LR-6A 0–1 cm 880 4.8 22.7 8.3 <3 .7 2,700 80.4 20.5 2,250

LR-6B 3–4 cm 1,030 4.6 19.7 7.9 <3 .7 2,600 77.4 21.3 2,760

LR-7 LR-7 Composite 4,320 35 17.7 8.4 5.4 .2 2,200 80.4 20.9 18,200

LR-7R Composite 4,250 35 17.0 8.4 5.1 .2 2,200 80.1 21.2 18,000

PW-7E 0–2 spent PW 3,850 35 16.8 9.0 4.9 .2 2,300 90.0 21.0 16,500

PW-7F 0–2 spent PW 3,440 32 15.9 9.8 4.5 .2 2,500 101 21.8 14,400

SA-8 SA-8 Composite 642 .78 28.0 11.9 <3 .7 3,800 85.4 22.9 117

SA-8A 0–1 cm 857 .61 31.6 13.2 <3 .8 4,300 90.0 26.0 149

SA-8B 5–7 cm 608 .72 30.4 13.0 <3 .8 4,600 90.4 26.1 115

1

RM 743 0-2 cm 5,860 62 25.8 7.0 – .1 2,530 77.1 22.2 23,000

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the Columbia River on September 13, 2002 and 

analyzed as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

Table 13. Concentrations of metals in composite samples and field replicates.—Continued

[Concentrations are in microgram per gram. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; PW, porewater. Symbols: –, not analyzed; <, less than]

Table 13 43
Table 14. Vertical and horizontal variaton of concentrations of metals.

[Values are the percent difference from composite sample concentrations listed in table 13. Vertical or horizontal variation: H, horizontal, V, vertical. 

Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements are identical within significant figures of the reporting unit. Symbols: –, not applicable]

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Vertical or 

horizontal 

variation

Aluminum Antimony Bismuth Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Iron Lead

LR-1 PW-1B H 4.7 20.5 3.4 28.0 17.7 13.2 12.4 6.3 32.1 10.7

PW-1C H 3.6 15.7 10.3 32.0 22.3 7.4 3.3 6.3 46.4 5.0

LR-2 LR-2A V .1 28.6 12.3 41.2 4.4 3.2 24.5 I 2.0 53.0

LR-2B V 1.4 4.8 16.0 54.4 7.9 5.3 13.7 I 2.0 51.4

LR-3 LR-3A V 5.5 31.3 22.2 39.6 13.6 2.5 24.2 5.6 .0 102

LR-3B V 9.5 33.3 25.0 38.5 17.7 3.6 32.3 10.0 4.5 57.3

LR-4 PW-4A H 1.0 14.9 10.0 29.2 3.3 9.5 .8 .0 5.0 11.7

PW-4F H 1.6 25.5 20.0 37.5 3.6 3.2 22.0 .0 5.0 14.0

LR-5 PW-5A H .7 66.7 9.3 27.8 13.9 37.4 61.6 6.7 25.0 10.4

PW-5B H 10.5 22.9 41.3 47.2 3.6 2.2 12.2 13.3 I 30.2

PW-5D H .8 14.6 49.3 16.7 4.1 4.4 10.0 6.7 6.3 15.1

LR-6 LR-6A V 14.0 16.3 25.0 7.1 31.9 21.0 16.7 14.3 8.9 17.1

LR-6B V .1 .4 .4 .2 .1 .3 .2 .1 .1 .2

LR-7 PW-7E H .7 16.7 38.1 7.1 15.6 4.0 6.8 7.7 9.1 9.8

PW-7F H 3.2 28.2 33.3 7.1 23.7 13.4 13.5 15.4 13.6 3.2

SA-8 SA-8A V 1.4 29.4 23.5 65.8 5.1 8.0 18.7 5.3 11.4 7.1

SA-8B V .6 35.3 2.9 7.9 9.8 2.4 13.0 5.3 5.7 2.8

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Vertical or 

horizontal 

variation

Manganese Molybdenium Nickel Scandium Silver Titanium Thallium Vanadium Yttrium Zinc

LR-1 PW-1B H 13.6 6.5 15.6 12.5 – 24.0 20.8 21.4 11.8 44.9

PW-1C H 19.1 3.2 7.8 5.2 – 12.0 5.6 32.8 2.1 27.4

LR-2 LR-2A V 71.0 45.5 10.6 1.2 – 4.7 33.3 3.3 33.8 28.0

LR-2B V 46.6 18.2 2.0 .6 – 4.7 5.6 .8 12.7 51.4

LR-3 LR-3A V 52.8 23.5 1.0 3.1 – 2.9 28.6 5.7 42.9 50.6

LR-3B V 204.8 30.8 5.0 8.6 – 8.1 36.4 10.2 35.6 46.2

LR-4 PW-4A H 5.6 8.3 3.9 1.4 – 5.0 I 5.3 12.2 13.9

PW-4F H 10.6 25.0 13.2 2.9 – .0 I 3.7 6.8 25.3

LR-5 PW-5A H 30.2 16.7 33.3 23.9 – 7.4 12.8 11.9 .4 25.0

PW-5B H 4.3 44.4 4.4 10.2 – 14.8 1.2 6.0 .4 33.7

PW-5D H 8.9 5.6 3.1 1.1 – 11.1 8.1 3.6 10.0 13.1

LR-6 LR-6A V 4.3 14.3 23.4 22.1 – 35.0 6.3 19.8 15.2 18.5

LR-6B V .2 .2 .1 .2 – .3 .1 .2 .2 I

LR-7 PW-7E H 10.9 1.4 5.1 7.1 9.1 4.5 I 11.9 .5 9.3

PW-7F H 20.4 9.7 10.2 16.7 17.3 13.6 I 25.6 4.3 20.9

SA-8 SA-8A V 33.5 21.8 12.9 10.9 – 13.2 5.5 5.4 13.5 27.4

SA-8B V 5.3 7.7 8.6 9.2 – 21.1 2.7 5.9 14.0 1.7

44 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier Sample type Cerium Lanthanum Thorium Uranium

LR-1 LR-1 Composite 82.0 46.3 14.7 3.8

PW-1B 0–2 cm spent PW 105 51.7 13.9 2.4

PW-1C 0–2 cm spent PW 100 51.6 17.5 2.9

LR-2 LR-2 Composite 98.4 62.7 15.8 5.2

LR-2A 0–1 cm 95.1 52.6 15.5 5.3

LR-2B 7–10 cm 88.8 67.2 14.7 5.2

LR-3 LR-3 Composite 101 68.9 13.8 4.3

LR-3A 0–1 cm 87.9 59.2 13.8 4.2

LR-3B 5–6 cm 111 75.1 15.0 4.5

LR-4 LR-4 Composite 57.2 33.2 8.9 2.1

PW-4A 0–2 cm spent PW 56.0 33.2 8.5 1.4

PW-4F 0–2 cm spent PW 53.3 30.9 8.3 1.5

LR-4A TM-4AINC 0–2 cm spent tumbled core 88.1 50.2 13.9 4.2

LR-5 LR-5 Composite 78.1 49.9 10.9 4.0

PW-5A 0–2 cm spent PW 76.8 48.1 12.7 4.5

PW-5B 0–2 cm spent PW 65.2 42.9 9.1 4.3

PW-5D 0–2 cm spent PW 73.8 47.2 11.8 3.7

LR-5A TM-5AINC 0–2 cm spent tumbled core 76.4 44.6 10.9 4.0

LR-6 LR-6 Composite 68.2 41.8 10.3 4.5

LR-6A 0–1 cm 71.3 42.8 11.9 5.8

LR-6B 3–4 cm 85.4 51.9 17.8 5.7

LR-7 LR-7 Composite 48.4 30.6 6.7 4.7

LR-7R Composite 51.0 32.2 8.0 4.8

PW-7E 0–2 cm spent PW 47.6 30.2 6.3 4.3

PW-7F 0–2 cm spent PW 54.9 35.4 6.9 4.0

SA-8 SA-8 Composite 81.2 44.6 10.9 3.5

SA-8A 0–1 cm 83.2 45.6 11.8 4.0

SA-8B 5–7 cm 87.3 47.0 11.2 4.4

1

RM 743 0–2 cm 55.2 31.8 9.2 6.4

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the Columbia 

River on September 13, 2002 and analyzed as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

Table 15. Concentrations of lanthanide and actanide elements in composite samples and field 

replicates.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; pw, porewater]

Table 15  45
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier Variation Cerium Lanthanum

Thorium Uranium

LR-1 PW-1B H 28.0 11.7 5.4 36.8

PW-1C H 22.0 11.4 19.0 23.7

LR-2 LR-2A V 3.4 16.1 1.9 1.9

LR-2B V 9.8 7.2 7.0 I

LR-3 LR-3A V 14.9 16.4 I 2.4

LR-3B V 20.8 21.2 8.0 6.7

LR-4 PW-4A H 2.1 I 4.5 33.3

PW-4F H 6.8 6.9 6.7 28.6

LR-5 PW-5A H 1.7 3.6 16.5 12.5

PW-5B H 16.5 14.0 16.5 7.5

PW-5D H 5.5 5.4 8.3 7.5

LR-6 LR-6A V 4.5 2.4 15.5 28.9

LR-6B V .3 .2 .7 .3

LR-7 PW-7E H 1.7 1.3 6.0 8.5

PW-7F H 13.4 15.7 3.0 14.9

SA-8 SA-8A V 2.5 2.2 8.3 14.3

SA-8B V 7.5 5.4 2.8 25.7

Table 16. Vertical and horizontal variation of concentrations of 

lanthanide and actinide elements.

[Values are the percent difference from composite concentrations listed 

in table 15. Abbreviations: I, reported values or replicate measurements 

are identical within significant figures of the reporting unit; Variation: H, 

horizontal; V, vertical]

46  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 17. Concentrations of alkali, alkaline earth, non-metals, and actinide elements from selective extraction fractions of composite 

sediment samples.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. Step: Fraction 1 extractant, 0.11M acetic acid; Fraction 2 extractant, 0.5 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride; 

Fraction 3 extractant, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide followed with 1.0 M ammonium acetate. Symbol: <, less than]

Elements

Site 

idntifier Step

Alkali and alkaline earth Non-metal Actinide

Barium Beryllium Calcium Cesium Lithium Magnesium

PotassiumRubidium Sodium Strontium Arsenic Selenium Uranium

LR-1 Fraction1 13.6 0.03 3,250 < 0.004 < 0.2 230 29.6 0.11 <20 6.9 <0.2 <0.2 0.02 

Fraction2 12.3 .03 1,000 .07 .3 141 25.8 .38 <20 3.8 .8 <0.2 .05 

Fraction3 4.01 .04 202 .06 .8 166 65.4 .44 <20 1.0 <.2 <0.2 .04 

Residual 585 1.3 4,570 3.85 20.8 5,890 <6 83.2 12,200 205 4.1 <0.2 1.08 

LR-2 Fraction1 82.5 .2 2,070 .005 .2 354 123 0.37 23.5 15.1 3.2 <0.2 .19 

Fraction2 109 .3 1,980 .25 1.4 658 121 1.46 <20 13.5 4.0 0.2 .75 

Fraction3 15.3 .1 305 .18 3.7 846 119 .90 58.3 3.1 .2 0.7 1.26 

Residual 608 1.2 3,010 4.84 29.8 8,080 20,200 69.6 8,830 124 8.4 <0.2 1.51 

LR-3 Fraction1 89.5 .2 1,960 <.004 <.2 315 75.0 0.30 19.1 12.7 .4 <.2 .11 

Fraction2 79.9 .2 2,080 .21 .9 492 78.1 1.23 <20 12.0 3.4 <.2 .62 

Fraction3 15.9 .07 266 .03 2.5 561 92.0 .69 45.9 2.6 <.2 .6 .92 

Residual 721 1.2 5,580 3.59 22.0 7,450 19,500 61.1 13,200 237 3.1 <.2 1.29 

LR-4 Fraction1 16.8 .03 2,350 <.004 <.2 420 21.6 .10 <20 8.2 <.2 <.2 .03 

Fraction2 9.96 .04 1,180 .04 .3 160 20.1 .23 <20 5.0 .4 <.2 .09 

Fraction3 3.17 .04 304 .03 .7 188 39.9 .27 19.4 1.4 <.2 <.2 .14 

Residual 734 1.0 8,550 1.26 9.2 3,460 18,300 43.9 19,200 330 .6 <.2 .74 

LR-5 Fraction1 48.4 .07 13,100 <.004 .2 6,850 35.5 .17 <20 12.1 .5 <.2 .20 

Fraction2 60.4 .2 5,770 .10 1.0 2,470 23.7 .44 <20 9.9 2 <.2 .49 

Fraction3 27.8 .05 272 .09 2.0 328 50.8 .53 26.8 1.7 <.2 .4 .77 

Residual 816 1.2 6,690 1.91 13.1 4,810 16,500 54.7 12,900 289 3.2 <.2 1.03 

LR-6 Fraction1 121 .08 14,100 .006 .6 4,470 147 .49 90.7 27.0 .9 <.2 .34 

Fraction2 124 .07 14,600 .006 .5 4,530 150 .48 26.9 26.2 .8 <.2 .33 

Fraction3 15.6 .06 785 .08 1.2 423 37.7 .44 <20 2.1 .3 .4 1.16 

Residual 819 1.0 8,360 1.34 10.6 4,250 17,700 48.0 14,200 305 5.5 <.2 1.32 

LR-7 Fraction1 477 .2 17,500 .09 3.1 1,170 785 2.95 554 95.1 3 .2 1.04 

Fraction2 482 .2 17,600 .08 3.0 1,150 835 2.94 503 91.3 3 <.2 1.01 

Fraction3 454 .3 17,500 .20 3.8 1,420 890 3.78 483 65.8 2 1.2 1.24 

Residual 727 .5 20,200 .55 5.8 1,860 7,200 17.4 5,360 201 5.1 .8 1.28 

SA-8 Fraction1 28.7 .1 3,580 <.004 .2 471 74.0 .14 29.5 15.6 .8 <.2 .10 

Fraction2 67.6 .2 3,170 .14 1.4 1,090 116 .62 <20 27.8 2 <.2 .72 

Fraction3 16.0 .06 410 .06 2.4 697 85.0 .41 43.4 7.7 <.2 .4 .71 

Residual 661 1.1 6,320 3.93 22.7 7,120 20,200 63.6 13,500 277 3 <.2 .84 

 Reporting limit 0.04 0.01 40 0.004 .2 2 6 0.002 20 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.02

Table 17  47
Table 18. Concentration of metals from selective extraction fractions of composite sediment samples.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. Extractant: Fraction 1 extractant, 0.11 M Acetic Acid; Fraction 2 extractant, 0.5M Hydroxylamine 

hydrochloride; Fraction 3 extractant, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide followed with 1.0 M ammonium acetate. Abbreviations: M, molar. Symbol: <, less than]

Site

identifier Extractant Aluminum Antimony Bismuth Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Iron

LR-1 Fraction1 29 <0.06 <0.04 0.16 0.3 0.49 0.4 <0.01 <0.01 61

Fraction2 338 <.06 .05 .06 <.2 .59 1.1 .10 <.01 859

Fraction3 139 <.06 <.04 .02 2.4 .22 .2 .01 <.01 83

Residual 29,900 .39 .09 .02 29.3 3.58 7.4 13.7 1.0 18,200

LR-2 Fraction1 96 <.06 <.04 2.44 .4 3.36 10.7 .04 .01 1,580

Fraction2 2,780 .07 .21 2.86 3.8 3.51 25.4 .50 .04 7,770

Fraction3 943 <.06 <.04 .73 7.2 1.23 6.0 .10 .02 407

Residual 25,900 3.08 .35 .11 81.5 7.72 33.7 17.8 1.1 30,500

LR-3 Fraction1 107 <.06 <.04 3.93 .3 2.25 8.4 .03 <.01 94

Fraction2 2,110 .20 .24 1.76 3.4 3.47 20.1 .53 .04 6,750

Fraction3 508 <.06 <.04 .24 7.1 .82 5.2 .08 .01 328

Residual 20,500 1.66 .23 .20 44.5 6.67 27.0 15.4 .70 22,800

LR-4 Fraction1 46 .20 <.04 .11 .3 .46 .80 <.01 <.01 12

Fraction2 378 <.06 <.04 .04 .3 .54 1.7 .20 <.01 769

Fraction3 208 <.06 <.04 .02 3.0 .25 .4 .02 <.01 77

Residual 13,600 .10 .05 .04 68.0 3.87 7.4 12.1 .43 13,400

LR-5 Fraction1 58 .21 <.04 1.89 .6 .80 15.2 <.01 .06 910

Fraction2 1,300 .25 .16 .73 2.9 1.98 23.0 .40 .05 5,960

Fraction3 568 .06 <.04 .64 4.5 .64 15.3 .03 <.01 893

Residual 23,900 2.26 .16 .25 22.7 3.42 11.0 10.9 1.8 15,700

LR-6 Fraction1 404 1.42 <.04 .79 2.2 3.05 18.4 .03 1.2 6,920

Fraction2 403 1.51 <.04 .80 1.7 3.14 18.8 .03 1.2 7,140

Fraction3 704 .63 <.04 1.37 4.9 1.07 200 .20 .08 1,730

Residual 19,100 25.3 0.30 .76 38.6 4.34 16.9 12.6 4.2 18,600

LR-7 Fraction1 1,680 6.01 <.04 .10 8.2 15.3 2.4 1.4 9.1 39,500

Fraction2 1,660 6.24 <.04 .10 7.7 15.7 2.4 1.4 9.2 40,100

Fraction3 5,650 4.55 <.04 .34 29.8 13.8 389 3.1 10.3 47,200

Residual 6,350 23.0 .06 .06 58.6 16.5 1,590 19.6 6.2 73,100

SA-8 Fraction1 36 <.06 <.04 .17 .3 1.80 1.2 <.01 <.01 756

Fraction2 2,380 <.06 .08 .18 2.4 2.45 4.6 .58 .02 4,010

Fraction3 508 <.06 <.04 .03 6.3 .90 1.5 .06 .01 335

Residual 20,800 .36 .17 .03 53.5 6.23 16.3 15.6 .58 23,300

 Reporting limit 0.4 0.06 0.04 0.004 0.2 0.004 0.1 0.01 0.01 10

48  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site

identifier Extractant Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel Silver Thallium Vanadium Zinc

LR-1 Fraction1 0.3 84.7 <0.4 0.3 <0.6 <0.02 0.1 9.6 

Fraction2 4.0 41.0 <.4 .5 <.6 .04 .9 9.9 

Fraction3 .4 8.8 <.4 .6 <.6 <.02 2.2 2.5 

Residual 8.0 131 <.4 11.6 <.6 .50 36.7 37.1 

LR-2 Fraction1 21.7 1,180 <.4 3.2 <.6 .07 .9 292 

Fraction2 184 422 <.4 5.1 <.6 .53 10.6 272 

Fraction3 8.8 53.5 <.4 4.3 <.6 .10 1.6 36.0 

Residual 14.5 217 0.87 25.6 .66 .70 91.9 123 

LR-3 Fraction1 38.4 777 <.4 2.7 <.6 .05 .1 198 

Fraction2 306 324 <.4 5.3 <.6 .40 7.8 364 

Fraction3 12.5 34.9 <.4 3.4 <.6 .08 3.8 39.9 

Residual 18.6 176 <.4 12.5 <.6 .76 61.4 132 

LR-4 Fraction1 .4 80.5 <.4 .6 <.6 <.02 .1 6.7 

Fraction2 4.4 39.4 <.4 .8 <.6 <.02 1.3 6.3 

Fraction3 .3 9.5 <.4 1.0 <.6 <.02 3.4 2.7 

Residual 8.3 145 <.4 38.5 <.6 .4 27.9 31.1 

LR-5 Fraction1 30.4 104 <.4 1.1 <.6 .02 .3 187 

Fraction2 145 63.2 <.4 3.0 <.6 .10 7.0 331 

Fraction3 11.2 16.1 <.4 2.2 <.6 .04 .9 118 

Residual 15.5 182 .83 14.5 <.6 .40 45.5 102 

LR-6 Fraction1 30.3 280 <.4 .8 <.6 <.02 .5 905 

Fraction2 30.6 289 <.4 .8 <.6 <.02 .4 932 

Fraction3 42.7 36.6 .68 2.7 <.6 .06 1.1 415 

Residual 28.2 238 6.30 3.7 .99 .40 46.6 320 

LR-7 Fraction1 19.0 1,190 4.52 .9 <.6 <.02 3.7 4,260 

Fraction2 19.2 1,210 4.53 .9 <.6 <.02 3.6 4,280 

Fraction3 174 1,110 1.22 3.6 <.6 <.02 7.4 4,550 

Residual 216 341 2.31 <.08 3.70 .10 24.1 4,900 

SA-8 Fraction1 0.3 182 <.4 2.2 <.6 <.02 1.1 11.6 

Fraction2 9.8 99.6 <.4 3.7 <.6 .04 6.1 22.3 

Fraction3 0.9 25.8 <.4 2.6 <.6 <.02 3.2 5.8 

Residual 8.2 206 .39 21.8 <.6 .50 43.1 57.6 

 Reporting limit 0.01 0.04 0.4 .08 0.6 0.02 0.1 0.1

Table 18. Concentration of metals from selective extraction fractions of composite sediment samples.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per gram. Extractant: Fraction 1 extractant, 0.11 M Acetic Acid; Fraction 2 extractant, 0.5M Hydroxylamine 

hydrochloride; Fraction 3 extractant, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide followed with 1.0 M ammonium acetate. Abbreviations: M, molar. Symbol: <, less than]

Table 18  49
Site

identifier

Source of 

reservoir 

water

Water column Porewater samples Comments

Surface Bottom Number of 

porewater 

samples from 

individual cores

Number of 

composite 

porewater 

samples from 

multiple cores temp. pH temp. pH

LR-1 From draining box core 20.1 7.9 19.7 7.9 1 1

LR-2 From sealed box core 19.0 – 19.5 8.1 3 0

LR-3 From sealed box core 17.7 8.0 17.8 8.1 4 0

LR-4 From draining box core 16.8 8.2 16.6 8.1 2 3

LR-4A – – – – – 1 0 Incubation site.

LR-5 – – – – – 5 0

LR-5A Surface water 14.8 8.4 – – 1 0 Incubation site.

LR-6 From sealed box core 15.2 8.3 – – 5 0

LR-7 Surface water – – – – 0 2

SA-8 From sealed box core 19.2 – 17.9 – 4 0

Table 19. Source of reservoir water, water column properties, and compositing data of porewater samples.

[Abbreviations: temp., temperature; –, not collected or analyzed]

50 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 20. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in reservoir water from Lake Roosevelt.

[Concentrations are in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter. Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier Collection 

method

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Elements

Barium Beryllium Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium 

(mg/L)

Sodium

(mg/L)

RubidiumStrontium

Samples taken from a draining box corer

LR-1 LR-1 Draining 30.5 <0.05 18.5 <0.02 5 4.3 0.92 1.75 0.82 98

LR-4 LR-4 Draining 26.7 <.05 18.2 <.02 <4.5 4.26 .73 1.77 .89 93

Samples taken from water overlying sediment from a box corer that sealed

LR-2 LR-2 Sealed 24.8 <0.05 18.0 <0.02 <4.5 4.38 0.72 1.75 0.89 98

LR-3 LR-3 Sealed 25.4 <.05 17.7 <.02 <4.5 4.36 .72 1.74 .89 94

LR-4A LR-4A Sealed 26.2 <.05 16.9 <.02 <4.5 4.01 .83 1.59 .95 87

LR-6 LR-6 Sealed 33.8 <.05 16.7 <.02 <4.5 4.13 .82 1.89 .82 75

SA-8 SA-8 Sealed 25.3 <.05 17.8 <.02 <4.5 4.34 .84 2.20 .80 100

Samples taken near lake surface from side of boat

LR-5A LR-5A Surface 28.2 <0.05 17.1 <0.02 <4.5 4.12 0.8 1.64 0.86 83

LR-7 LR-7 Surface 34.9 < .05 17.3 < .02 <4.5 4.25 .76 1.87 .80 75

LR-7R Surface 33.8 < .05 16.7 < .02 <4.5 4.13 .82 1.89 .82 75

 Reporting limit 1 0.05 1.0 0.02 4.5 0.05 0.15 0.5 0.05 2.5

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier Collection 

method

Non-Metals

Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

Selenium Silica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

Samples taken from a draining box corer

LR-1 LR1 Draining <1 <0.05 <5 3.5 25

LR-4 LR-4 Draining <1 <.05 <5 3.2 <10

Samples taken from water overlying sediment from a box corer that sealed

LR-2 LR-2 Sealed <1 <0.05 <5 3.0 <10

LR-3 LR-3 Sealed <1 <.05 <5 2.9 <10

LR-4A LR-4A Sealed <1 <.05 <5 2.5 31

LR-6 LR-6 Sealed <1 <.05 <5 3.1 31

SA-8 SA-8 Sealed 2 <.05 <5 4.9 14

Samples taken near lake surface from side of boat

LR-5A LR-5A Surface <1 <0.05 <5 2.9 33

LR-7 LR-7 Surface < 1 <.05 <5 3.3 25

LR-7R Surface < 1 .05 <5 3.1 31

 Reporting limit 1 .05 5 1 10

Table 20  51
Table 21. Concentrations of metals in reservoir water from Lake Roosevelt.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier (see table 8). Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Metals

Collection 

method 

AluminumAntimony

Bismuth Cadmium

Chromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Iron Lead ManganeseMolybdenum

Samples taken from a draining box corer

LR-1 LR-1 Draining 18.7 <0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 1.3 <0.05 <0.25 <250 0.5 17.8 <2

LR-4 LR-4 Draining 17.9 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 <.5 <.05 <.25 <250 <.25 13.5 <2

Samples taken from water overlying sediment from a box corer that sealed

LR-2 LR-2 Sealed 13.5 <0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 <0.5 <0.05 <0.25 <250 0.94 <5 <2

LR-3 LR-3 Sealed 15.0 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .37 <.5 <.05 <.25 <250 2.4 <5 <2

LR-4A LR-4A Sealed 15.2 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .11 .84 <.05 <.25 <250 .64 <5 <2

LR-6 LR-6 Sealed 12.9 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.0 <.05 <.25 <250 .3 <5 <2

SA-8 SA-8 Sealed 21.5 .4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 <.5 <.05 <.25 <250 5.5 13.1 <2

Samples taken near lake surface from side of boat

LR-5A LR-5A Surface 11.5 .46 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 0.51 <0.05 <0.25 <250 <0.25 <5 <2

LR-7 LR-7 Surface 10.4 < .3 <.2 .11 <5 .11 .99 < .05 <.25 <250 <.25 <5 <2

LR-7R Surface 12.9 .3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.01 < .05 <.25 <250 .3 <5 2

 Reporting limit 10 0.3 0.2 0.1 5 0.1 0.5 0.05 0.25 250 0.25 5 2

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Metals

Collection 

method Nickel Niobium Scandium Silver Tantalum

ThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium

Samples taken from a draining box corer

LR-1 LR-1 Draining OTL <1 <3 <15 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 <2.5 <1

LR-4 LR-4 Draining <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <2.5 <1

Samples taken from water overlying sediment from a box corer that sealed

LR-2 LR-2 Sealed <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 2.8 <1

LR-3 LR-3 Sealed <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <2.5 <1

LR-4A LR-4A Sealed 0.6 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 3.6 <1

LR-6 LR-6 Sealed <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <2.5 <1

SA-8 SA-8 Sealed <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 3.6 <1

Samples taken near lake surface from side of boat

LR-5A LR-5A Surface <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 <2.5 <1

LR-7 LR-7 Surface < 0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <2.5 <1

LR-7R Surface < 0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <2.5 <1

 Reporting limit 0.4 1 3 15 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.5 2.5 0.05 2.5 1

52 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 22. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in reservoir water from Lake Roosevelt.

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter; Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collected 

method

units 

Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Samples taken from a draining box corer

LR-1 LR-1 Draining <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-4 LR-4 Draining <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Samples taken from water overlying sediment from a box corer that sealed

LR-2 LR-2 Sealed <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-3 LR-3 Sealed <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4A LR-4A Sealed <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6 LR-6 Sealed <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

SA-8 SA-8 Sealed <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Samples taken near lake surface from side of boat

LR-5A LR-5A Surface <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-7 LR-7 Surface <.05 <.04 .03 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7R Surface <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

 Reporting limit 0.05 0.04 0.025 0.025 0.025 .025 0.1 0.5

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collected 

method

units 

Neodymium Praseodymium Samarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium

Samples taken from a draining box corer

LR-1 LR-1 Draining <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

LR-4 LR-4 Draining <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

Samples taken from water overlying sediment from a box corer that sealed

LR-2 LR-2 Sealed <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

LR-3 LR-3 Sealed <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-4A LR-4A Sealed <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-6 LR-6 Sealed <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8 SA-8 Sealed <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .57 <.025

Samples taken near lake surface from side of boat

LR-5A LR-5A Surface <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

LR-7 LR-7 Surface <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-7R Surface <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

 Reporting limit 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.1 1 0.045 0.5 0.025

Table 22  53
Table 23. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments.

[Concentrations are in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Identifier: multiple letter (A through I) indicates compositing of samples 

from multiple sediment cores; PW, porewater. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligrams per liter. Symbol: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Number 

of cores

Identifier

Alkali and alkalineearth elements

Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-1 1 B 54.6 <0.05 23.7 0.05 <4.5 5.17 1.61 2.76 2.85 114

3 ACD 65.1 <.05 32.0 .03 <4.5 5.66 1.44 2.08 2.29 130

LR-2 1 B 60.0 <.05 20.3 .06 <4.5 4.84 1.51 2.88 2.05 106

1 C 57.5 <.05 20.2 .06 <4.5 4.94 1.58 3.12 2.03 111

1 D 53.5 <.05 18.3 .06 <4.5 4.34 1.41 2.84 1.99 102

LR-3 1 A 70.0 <.05 17.0 .04 <4.5 4.16 1.10 2.40 1.79 92.0

1 C 51.6 <.05 17.5 <.02 <4.5 4.38 1.06 1.60 1.90 90.9

1 D 57.8 <.05 18.3 .03 <4.5 4.39 1.18 2.32 1.98 97.3

1 E 43.1 <.05 16.3 .03 <4.5 3.89 1.04 1.70 1.81 90.0

LR-4 2 DF 50.4 <.05 29.6 <.02 <4.5 5.43 1.14 1.58 2.00 142

1 I 44.3 <.05 25.1 .03 5 5.05 1.05 1.31 1.90 118

2 BE 57.2 <.05 27.3 .03 <4.5 4.99 1.35 2.25 2.09 129

1 G 55.3 <.05 25.0 .03 <4.5 4.73 1.18 2.24 1.96 122

2 CH 46.8 <.05 25.4 <.02 <4.5 4.68 1.10 1.69 1.87 121

LR-4A 1 PW 74.0 <.05 17.8 .07 <4.5 4.02 1.23 2.40 1.97 98.6

LR-5 1 A 193 <.05 46.2 .05 <4.5 5.42 2.15 4.47 2.38 150

1 B 138 <.05 36.5 .04 5.2 8.05 1.60 3.00 2.48 156

1 C 129 <.05 46.2 .07 <4.5 9.72 1.68 3.69 2.55 176

1 D 141 <.05 36.6 .07 5.4 8.34 1.72 3.63 2.42 149

1 E 126 <.05 46.2 .08 <4.5 10.4 1.74 4.29 2.33 186

LR-5A 1 PW 77.7 <.05 29.4 .07 <4.5 7.29 1.29 2.54 2.45 144

LR-6 1 A 78 <.05 19.2 .06 <4.5 3.74 1.25 2.05 2.02 91.0

1 B 104 <.05 25.4 .10 <4.5 4.30 1.74 3.21 2.23 117

1 C 117 <.05 26.4 .10 5.2 4.61 2.00 3.62 2.30 118

1 D 96.4 <.05 26.2 .08 5.2 4.76 1.82 3.23 2.28 120

1 E 103 <.05 23.3 .08 <4.5 4.38 1.74 2.74 2.26 117

LR-7 4 CEDF 43.6 .06 20.5 .04 <4.5 4.35 1.05 1.40 2.39 101

2 AB 44.0 <.05 20.8 <.02 <4.5 4.49 1.04 1.25 2.17 97.0

SA-8 1 A 27.2 <.05 27.2 <.02 7.3 6.36 1.54 1.53 2.90 148

1 B 38.8 <.05 22.8 .03 4.8 5.54 1.34 1.93 2.26 119

1 C 26.4 <.05 25.4 .03 <4.5 5.95 1.47 1.90 2.64 131

1 D 31.3 <.05 22.9 .04 <4.5 5.47 1.40 1.72 2.66 120

 Reporting limit 1 0.05 1.0 0.02 4.5 0.02 0.50 0.05 0.05 2.5

54 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site

identifier

Number 

of cores

Identifier

Non-metals

Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

Selenium Silica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-1 1 B 2.0 0.09 <5 15.4 17

3 ACD 2.0 .1 <5 10.6 12

LR-2 1 B 13.3 .2 <5 34.4 <10

1 C 11.5 .3 <5 39.7 <10

1 D 5.7 .1 <5 31.4 <10

LR-3 1 A 3.5 .06 <5 28.3 <10

1 C 2.0 <.05 <5 23.0 <10

1 D <1 <.05 <5 23.9 <10

1 E <1 <.05 <5 23.6 <10

LR-4 2 DF 2.0 .09 <5 19.3 <10

1 I 2.0 .07 <5 17.9 <10

2 BE 3.2 .1 <5 23.1 <10

1 G 2.0 .07 <5 21.7 <10

2 CH 2.0 .1 <5 19.2 <10

LR-4A 1 PW 6.2 .09 <5 34.6 <10

LR-5 1 A 5.7 <.05 <5 27.2 <10

1 B 3.2 <.05 <5 24.2 12

1 C 8.4 <.05 <5 31.8 15

1 D 7.3 .09 <5 34.5 <10

1 E 12.2 .1 <5 33.4 <10

LR-5A 1 PW 7.6 .3 <5 35.8 <10

LR-6 1 A 3.0 <.05 <5 18.0 <10

1 B 4.0 <.05 <5 25.1 <10

1 C 4.2 .06 <5 21.7 <10

1 D 3.3 <.05 <5 21.3 <10

1 E 3.3 .06 <5 20.2 <10

LR-7 4 CEDF <1 .06 <5 5.4 11

2 AB <1 <.05 <5 4.6 <10

SA-8 1 A 22.5 1.5 <5 34.5 <10

1 B 17.8 0.3 <5 32.6 <10

1 C 27.4 1.8 <5 34.3 <10

1 D 19.1 1.0 <5 32.2 <10

 Reporting limit 1 0.05 5 1 10

Table 23. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments.—

Continued

[Concentrations are in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Identifier: multiple letter (A through I) indicates compositing of samples 

from multiple sediment cores; PW, porewater. Abbreviations: mg/L, milligram per liter. Symbol: <, less than]

Table 23  55
Table 24. Concentrations of metals in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Identifier: multiple letter (A through I) indicates compositing of samples from multiple sediment cores; 

PW, porewater. Symbol: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Number 

of cores

Identifier

Metals

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper GalliumGermanium Iron Lead ManganeseMolybdenum

LR-1 1 B 174 0.5 <0.2 0.37 <5 0.21 3.2 0.08 <0.25 <250 1.6 11.6 <2

3 ACD 139 .6 <.2 .31 <5 .11 1.6 .06 <.25 <250 .9 16.6 <2

LR-2 1 B 39.8 1.1 <.2 <.1 <5 1.26 8.5 .10 <.25 <250 3.0 4,080 2.7

1 C 40.4 .5 <.2 <.1 <5 .68 .7 .10 <.25 <250 .8 6,500 3.7

1 D 34.0 .7 <.2 <.1 <5 .67 .8 .10 <.25 <250 .6 5,580 2.8

LR-3 1 A 72.9 .6 <.2 .21 <5 .70 1.0 .08 <.25 <250 6.6 3,410 <2

1 C 114 .5 <.2 .39 <5 .23 1.8 <.05 <.25 <250 5.2 473 <2

1 D 100 .6 <.2 .97 <5 .31 2.9 .07 <.25 <250 2.4 1,270 <2

1 E 67.4 .3 <.2 .56 <5 .12 1.9 <.05 <.25 <250 1.0 428 <2

LR-4 2 DF 167 .4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.1 <.05 <.25 <250 .8 20.7 <2

1 I 206 .4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.4 <.05 <.25 <250 1.0 6.8 <2

2 BE 210 .7 <.2 .18 <5 .18 1.9 <.05 <.25 <250 1.5 280 <2

1 G 196 .7 <.2 .20 <5 .17 2.1 .08 <.25 <250 1.4 102 <2

2 CH 164 .3 <.2 .14 <5 1.54 1.6 .06 <.25 <250 1.2 197 <2

LR-4A 1 PW 51.3 .4 <.2 <.1 <5 .84 <.5 .09 <.25 266 1.9 3,240 <2

LR-5 1 A 18.3 2.9 <.2 <.1 <5 .25 1.0 <.05 <.25 <250 4.4 506 10.5

1 B 20.7 .5 <.2 .13 <5 .55 .5 <.05 <.25 <250 2.0 922 2.6

1 C 32.3 .6 <.2 <.1 <5 .59 1.1 <.05 <.25 750 3.2 958 2.9

1 D 17.4 .3 <.2 <.1 <5 .68 .6 <.05 <.25 3,680 4.8 1,160 2.4

1 E 14.6 .5 <.2 .11 <5 1.01 <.5 <.05 <.25 1,360 1.2 1,360 5.3

LR-5A 1 PW 21.9 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .55 <.5 <.05 <.25 3,020 2.4 1,210 <2

LR-6 1 A 22.0 1.9 <.2 <.1 <5 .45 .9 <.05 .45 <250 2.6 396 <2

1 B 28.2 2.5 <.2 <.1 <5 .62 1.9 <.05 .64 <250 5.3 407 2.8

1 C 31.3 3.1 <.2 <.1 <5 .51 3.4 .06 .82 <250 4.9 423 3.0

1 D 19.0 1.4 <.2 <.1 <5 .48 1.4 <.05 .42 <250 3.2 538 5.2

1 E 26.9 3.0 <.2 <.1 <5 1.09 3.0 <.05 .54 <250 5.8 353 2.4

LR-7 4 CEDF 54.3 7.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .18 8.1 .10 <.25 <250 2.7 <5 <2

2 AB 47.2 4.4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 10.2 .09 <.25 <250 2.6 <5 <2

SA-8 2 A 95.8 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .63 <.5 .06 <.25 2,150 .3 910 <2

1 B 130 .3 <.2 <.1 <5 .80 <.5 .08 <.25 <250 .4 2,200 2.7

1 C 240 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .63 <.5 .08 <.25 1,430 .7 1,010 <2

1 D 446 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .62 .6 .10 <.25 1,040 1.0 803 <2

 Reporting limit 15 0.3 0.2 0.1 5 0.10 0.5 0.05 0.25 250 0.25 5 2

56  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site

No.

Number 

of cores

Identifier

Metals

Nickel Niobium

Scandium Silver TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium

LR-1 1 B 6.0 <1 <3 <15 0.2 <0.2 4.2 <0.5 2.7 0.21 16.8 <1

3 ACD 2.9 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 3.4 <.5 <2.5 .21 11.0 <1

LR-2 1 B 1.7 <1 3.5 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 1.3 <2.5 .12 6.1 <1

1 C 1.3 <1 4.5 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .6 <2.5 .13 6.8 <1

1 D .9 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .10 7.5 <1

LR-3 1 A 0.9 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .20 8.9 <1

1 C 6.0 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .23 13.4 <1

1 D 1.0 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .24 15.3 <1

1 E .7 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .14 13.3 <1

LR-4 2 DF 0.5 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 2.9 <.5 <2.5 .20 <2.5 <1

1 I <.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 5.4 <.5 <2.5 .26 2.8 <1

2 BE .8 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 4.3 <.5 7.4 .33 <2.5 <1

1 G .6 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 3.4 <.5 3.7 .27 3.2 <1

2 CH .5 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .28 2.7 <1

LR-4A PW 0.6 <1 3.1 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .19 4.7 <1

LR-5 1 A <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .07 4.4 <1

1 B 1.2 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .09 16.6 <1

1 C .9 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .17 14.8 <1

1 D 1.0 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .14 10.6 <1

1 E 1.4 <1 3.1 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .5 <2.5 .20 7.0 <1

LR-5A 1 PW 0.5 <1 3.3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .6 <2.5 .16 3.3 <1

LR-6 1 A <0.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 7.3 <1

1 B .7 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .5 <2.5 .10 21.3 <1

1 C <.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 1.1 <2.5 .10 16.0 <1

1 D <.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .6 <2.5 .06 12.5 <1

1 E .5 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .8 <2.5 .09 11.6 <1

LR-7 4 CEDF 5.5 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .08 14.8 <1

2 AB <.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .07 22.8 <1

SA-8 2 A 0.8 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 3.1 <.5 <2.5 .17 <2.5 <1

1 B 2.4 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 6.1 <.5 <2.5 .19 3.1 <1

1 C 2.8 <1 3.2 <15 <.1 <.2 6.0 <.5 <2.5 .30 5.5 <1

1 D .8 <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 9.7 <.5 <2.5 .43 4.4 <1

 Reporting limit 0.4 1 3 15 0.1 0.2 2.5 0.5 2.5 0.05 2.5 1

Table 24. Concentrations of metals in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Identifier: multiple letter (A through I) indicates compositing of samples from multiple sediment cores; 

pw, porewater. Symbol: <, less than]

Table 24  57
Table 25. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Identifider: multiple letter (A through I) indicates compositing of samples from multiple sediment 

cores; PW, porewater. Symbol: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Number

of cores

Identifier Cerium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum

Lutetium

LR-1 1 B 0.39 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 0.03 <0.025 0.2 <0.5

3 ACD .36 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 .2 <.5

LR-2 1 B .11 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 C .14 <.04 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .1 <.5

1 D .12 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3 1 A .22 <.04 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .2 <.5

1 C .21 .06 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .3 <.5

1 D .26 <.04 <.025 <.025 .06 <.025 .3 <.5

1 E .14 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .1 <.5

LR-4 2 DF .39 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .3 <.5

1 I .48 <.04 <.025 <.025 .08 <.025 .3 <.5

2 BE .83 .08 0.053 <.025 .10 <.025 .5 <.5

1 G .63 .09 0.03 <.025 .06 <.025 .4 <.5

2 CH .64 .06 <.025 <.025 .09 <.025 .4 <.5

LR-4A 1 PW .38 <.04 <.025 <.025 .07 <.025 .3 <.5

LR-5 1 A <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 B .08 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 C .14 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .1 <.5

1 D .08 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 E .09 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5A 1 PW .19 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 .1 <.5

LR-6 1 A .07 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 B .15 <.04 <.025 .03 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 C .15 <.04 <.025 .04 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 D .07 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1 E .14 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .1 <.5

LR-7 4 CEDF .12 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

2 AB .24 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 .2 <.5

SA-8 2 A .33 .06 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .2 <.5

1 B .40 .05 <.025 <.025 .06 <.025 .2 <.5

1 C .63 <.04 .03 <.025 .09 <.025 .3 <.5

1 D 1.07 .09 .051 .03 .07 <.025 .6 <.5

 Reporting limit 0.05 0.04 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.1 0.5

58  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site

identifier

Number 

of cores

IdentifierNeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium

LR-1 1 B 0.18 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

3 ACD .20 .06 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 .03

LR-2 1 B <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1 C <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .5 .05

1 D <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .04

LR-3 1 A .16 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

1 C .24 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1 D .21 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

1 E .08 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-4 2 DF .16 .06 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .9 .04

1 I .24 .08 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 .06

2 BE .44 .11 0.10 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 .05

1 G .37 .10 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .05

2 CH .26 .09 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .04

LR-4A PW .23 .06 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .05

LR-5 1 A <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 3.1 <.025

1 B <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .9 <.025

1 C .11 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.4 .03

1 D .06 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 <.025

1 E .12 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.6 .04

LR-5A 1 PW .09 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

LR-6 1 A <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1 B .10 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

1 C <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1 D <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1 E .08 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-7 4 CEDF .06 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

2 AB .09 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8 2 A .16 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1 B .27 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .5 <.025

1 C .37 .09 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

1 D .55 .16 .19 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .05

 Reporting limit 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.1 1 0.045 0.5 .025

Table 25. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in the porewater of Lake Roosevelt sediments.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Identifider: multiple letter (A through I) indicates compositing of samples from multiple sediment 

cores; PW, porewater. Symbol: <, less than]

Table 25  59
Site

identifier

Collection and 

construction

details

Thickness 

of

sediment

(cm)

Volume

of water

(mL)

pH of 

reservoir

water

Replacement 

water

Dissolved 

organic 

carbon 

(mg/L)

Core conditions at end

of incubation experiment

LR-2 Intact sediment-water 

interface

9.7 164 7.67 From sealed 

core

32 0.5-cm fluffy brown surface layer over 

gray sediments.

LR-3 Intact sediment-water 

interface

8.1 377 7.76 From sealed

core

19 Abundant macrofauna, localized black 

reduced zone 2-3 cm deep. Small 

amount of water may have leaked 

out bottom during experiment; 

spotty brown coloring on core liner 

below 3 cm.

LR-4A Intact sediment-water 

interface

12.3 226 7.54 From sealed 

core

27 Brownish gray surface layer 0.1-cm 

thick; spotty brown coloring on 

core liner below 4 cm. Zooplankton 

present.

LR-5A Added surface water to 

6.6-cm diameter core 

with no overlying water

6.2 174 7.9 Site surface 

water

119 Surface brown layer 0.5- to 1.5-cm 

thick with oxidation on core liner. 

Gray silt layer from surface layer to 

4.2 cm. Coarse grit material 4.7 to 

6.2 cm.

LR-6 Intact sediment-water 

interface

5.2 214 7.82 From sealed 

core

44 Gray fluff layer 1 cm thick with brown 

coloring on core liner over gray 

material. Red oxidation film 2-3 cm 

on core liner. Coarse grit material 

4.2 to 5.2 cm.

LR-7 Collected sediment in 

4.4-cm diameter core liner 

and dropped contents into 

pre-sealed 6.6 cm diameter 

core liner and added 

surface water 

3.0 183 7.84 Site surface 

water

15 No fluff layer.

LR-7R Collected sediment in 

4.4-cm diameter core liner 

and dropped contents 

into pre-sealed 6.6 cm 

diameter core liner and 

added surface water core 

liner not filled—5 cm of 

air above water

4.0 142 7.88 Site surface 

water

– No fluff layer.

SA-8 Intact sediment-water 

interface

8.6 382 7.62 Overlying 

water from 

1

LR-2

25 0.4-cm brown layer over brownish 

gray. Three burrow holes present.

1

No replacement water collected at SA-8 site, and replacement water from nearby site LR-2 was used.

Table 26. Description of incubation experiments using plastic acrylic core liners.

[Dissolved organic carbon from porewaters was analyzed from lower portion of the core (2 cm to bottom) at end of incubation experiment. Cross-sectional area 

of plastic acrylic core liners: 33.3 square centimeters. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; mg/L, milligrams per liter; mL, milliliter. Symbols: –, not analyzed]

60 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 27. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment 

cores from Lake Roosevelt.

[All concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 25.7 <0.05 16.9 <0.02 <4.5 4.0 0.87 1.18 1.56 95

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 25.8 <.05 18.4 <.02 4.7 4.3 .87 1.19 1.56 100

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 26.0 <.05 18.6 <.02 <4.5 4.5 .91 1.34 1.62 103

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 26.7 <.05 19.7 <.02 <4.5 4.6 1.26 1.36 1.65 105

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 26.9 <.05 20.9 <.02 <4.5 4.9 1.24 1.23 1.91 106

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R 25.7 <.05 20.2 <.02 <4.5 4.9 1.12 1.27 1.81 105

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 27.6 <.05 23.3 .06 <4.5 5.5 1.56 3.13 2.26 120

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 <1 <0.05 <5 6.3 27

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 <1 <.05 <5 14.1 22

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 <1 <.05 <5 19.1 21

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 2 .06 <5 27.1 21

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 <1 .07 <5 36.4 25

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R 2 .06 <5 35.7 27

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 2 .07 <5 45.0 25

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 26.9 <0.05 16.2 <0.02 <4.5 4.0 0.76 0.90 1.53 87

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 31.4 <.05 16.8 .03 <4.5 4.1 .86 1.65 1.53 92

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 32.4 <.05 16.7 .04 <4.5 4.2 .84 2.18 1.62 92

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 33.9 <.05 19.3 <.02 <4.5 4.6 1.06 2.46 1.63 101

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 31.4 <.05 22.2 <.02 <4.5 5.3 1.08 1.92 1.73 113

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R 31.9 <.05 22.9 <.02 <4.5 5.5 1.08 1.88 1.68 116

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 18.8 <.05 28.5 .06 <4.5 6.5 1.50 4.00 1.9 138

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 <1 <0.05 <5 2.9 27

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 <1 <.05 <5 5.6 26

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 <1 <.05 <5 8.1 23

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 <1 <.05 <5 16.4 24

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 <1 .08 <5 26.4 22

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R <1 .08 <5 26.5 26

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 <1 .08 <5 37.6 29

Table 27  61
Table 27. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment 

cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 32.6 <0.05 17.4 0.05 <4.5 4.1 0.86 1.42 1.73 93

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 39.2 <.05 18.9 .05 <4.5 4.4 1.06 2.20 1.74 98

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 44.2 <.05 21.0 .07 <4.5 4.8 1.28 2.65 1.81 108

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 51.1 <.05 26.5 .08 <4.5 5.8 1.41 2.94 1.83 137

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1100 16.79 34.6 <.05 28.2 .08 <4.5 6.4 1.53 3.06 2.05 144

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1101 R 30.2 <.05 29.7 .08 <4.5 6.4 1.68 3.02 1.92 144

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 40.0 <.05 24.7 .12 <4.5 5.9 1.67 3.16 2.07 118

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 <1 <0.05 <5 6.0 26

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 <1 .08 <5 12.2 25

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 <1 .07 <5 17.1 18

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 4.7 .08 <5 28.2 22

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1100 16.79 7.7 .10 <5 36.6 14

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1101 R 7.2 .10 <5 36.6 21

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 <1 .10 <5 45.8 22

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 40.4 <.005 17.2 <0.02 <4.5 4.1 0.90 1.17 1.76 85

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 56.6 <.05 21.8 .07 <4.5 4.8 1.28 2.08 1.86 105

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 68.6 <.05 26.2 .09 <4.5 5.6 1.44 2.61 1.94 126

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 88.2 <.05 35.8 .13 <4.5 7.5 1.76 3.26 2.31 172

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 96.0 <.05 40.5 .14 <4.5 8.3 1.96 3.37 2.50 191

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 93.2 <.05 44.1 .14 <4.5 8.9 2.32 3.51 3.09 207

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 <1 <0.05 <5 4.5 32

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 <1 <.05 <5 10.1 28

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 <1 <.05 <5 13.8 29

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 <1 <.05 <5 18.3 27

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 <1 <.05 <5 18.9 24

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 <1 <.05 <5 22.1 17

62 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 27. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment 

cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 43.2 <0.05 18.1 <0.02 <4.5 4.1 0.97 1.20 1.87 83

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 60.0 <.05 22.0 .03 <4.5 4.8 1.43 2.58 1.98 106

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 68.1 <.05 26.3 .06 <4.5 5.4 1.57 2.77 2.11 121

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 76.2 <.05 31.5 <.02 <4.5 6.5 1.88 2.44 2.52 144

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 75.4 <.05 34.2 <.02 <4.5 6.6 1.90 2.03 2.56 154

LR-6INC18B 10-15-04 1251 R 76.7 <.05 35.3 <.02 <4.5 6.7 1.96 2.12 2.61 156

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 84.2 <.05 39.5 <.02 <4.5 7.1 2.26 2.15 3.11 175

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 <1 0<.05 <5 4.4 36

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 <1 <.05 <5 8.7 31

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 <1 <.05 <5 12.9 26

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 <1 <.05 <5 16.8 40

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 <1 <.05 <5 18.6 30

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1251 R <1 <.05 <5 18.9 41

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 <1 <.05 <5 21.3 34

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 36.0 <0.05 17.3 <0.02 <4.5 4.2 0.84 1.15 1.90 80

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 38.4 <.05 18.6 <.02 <4.5 4.3 .88 1.24 1.82 88

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 40.2 <.05 18.5 <.02 <4.5 4.4 .81 1.20 1.87 93

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 39.5 <.05 19.8 <.02 <4.5 4.5 .86 1.24 1.88 99

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 43.7 <.05 21.7 .03 <4.5 5.1 .88 1.27 1.96 111

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R 42.7 <.05 22.2 <.02 <4.5 5.0 .86 1.23 1.89 107

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 46.8 <.05 25.1 <.02 <4.5 5.7 .98 1.26 1.99 122

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 <1 <0.05 <5 3.6 29

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 <1 <.05 <5 3.9 30

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 <1 <.05 <5 4.1 27

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 <1 <.05 <5 4.4 32

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 <1 <.05 <5 4.9 36

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R <1 <.05 <5 4.7 31

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 <1 <.05 <5 5.1 36

Table 27  63
Table 27. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth elements and non-metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment 

cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Symbol: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 33.7 <0.05 17.3 0.03 <4.5 3.8 1.18 1.74 1.87 79

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 39.0 <.05 19.5 <.02 <4.5 4.0 1.24 1.51 1.83 87

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 40.3 <.05 21.0 <.02 <4.5 4.2 1.30 1.46 1.88 93

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 40.5 <.05 21.6 <.02 <4.5 4.4 1.25 1.35 1.91 97

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 43.8 <.05 24.3 <.02 <4.5 4.9 1.33 1.32 2.06 108

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R 42.9 <.05 25.2 <.02 <4.5 4.9 1.33 1.46 2.03 108

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 47.8 <.05 29.8 <.02 <4.5 5.7 1.45 1.42 2.26 124

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 <1 <0.05 <5 4.1 24

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 <1 <.05 <5 4.9 27

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 <1 <.05 <5 5.6 34

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 <1 <.05 <5 5.9 28

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 <1 <.05 <5 6.6 29

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R <1 <.05 <5 6.5 29

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 2 <.05 <5 7.2 37

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Date Time Duration

(days) Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 25.7 <0.05 15.5 <0.02 <4.5 3.9 0.76 0.83 1.69 91

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 32.5 <.05 17.5 <.02 <4.5 4.2 .84 1.12 1.75 100

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 33.6 <.05 17.1 <.02 <4.5 4.2 .89 1.35 1.77 102

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 32.5 <.05 17.3 <.02 <4.5 4.1 1.37 1.46 2.00 97

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 29.1 <.05 19.0 <.02 <4.5 4.6 1.39 1.00 2.06 104

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R 30.4 <.05 20.2 <.02 <4.5 4.8 1.45 0.98 2.12 109

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 27.9 <.05 24.1 <.02 <4.5 5.6 1.37 1.03 2.27 126

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection Non-metals

Date Time Duration

(days) Arsenic

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

SeleniumSilica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 <1 <0.05 <5 4.0 21

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 <1 <.05 <5 6.0 28

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 <1 <.05 <5 8.0 26

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 <1 <.05 <5 12.2 30

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 <1 .07 <5 19.8 28

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R <1 .08 <5 20.8 31

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 2.0 .10 <5 30.3 27

64 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 19.7 <0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 1.0 <0.05 <0.25

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 22.0 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.4 <.05 <.25

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 22.5 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.8 <.05 <.25

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 35.1 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 2.3 <.05 <.25

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 27.0 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 3.2 <.05 <.25

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R 29.0 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 3.3 <.05 <.25

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 12.7 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 4.5 <.05 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 <250 0.4 62 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 <250 <.25 72 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 <250 <.25 112 <2 .6 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 <250 <.25 60 <2 <.4 <1 4 <5 <15

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 <250 <.25 20 <2 <.4 <1 6 <5 <15

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R <250 <.25 25 <2 .6 <1 6 <5 <15

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 <250 <.25 6 <2 .6 <1 7 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 <3.3 <1

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .06 <3.3 <1

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .06 <3.3 <1

Table 28  65
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 12.6 <0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 0.6 <0.05 <0.25

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 10.8 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 .9 <.05 <.25

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 10.6 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.0 <.05 <.25

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 10.8 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .26 1.3 <.05 <.25

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 <10 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.6 <.05 <.25

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R <10 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.9 <.05 <.25

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 <10 <.3 <.2 .31 <5 <.1 2.1 <.05 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 <250 0.7 8 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 <250 .4 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 <250 <.25 <5 2.6 <.4 <1 4 <5 <15

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R <250 <.25 <5 2.6 <.4 <1 4 <5 <15

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 <250 <.25 1,280 6.5 .9 <1 6 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 <3.3 <1

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 9.9 <1

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 4.3 <1

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 4.2 <1

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 3.3 <1

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 12 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

66  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 17.8 0.4 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 0.9 <0.05 <0.25

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 19.9 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.9 <.05 <.25

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 19.0 <.3 <.2 .13 <5 .51 1.7 <.05 <.25

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 <10 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .43 .9 .08 <.25

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1100 16.79 <10 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .44 .7 .09 <.25

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1101 R <10 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .37 .8 .10 <.25

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 13.7 1.0 <.2 <.1 <5 .18 2.4 <.05 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 <250 1.2 73 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 <250 .7 258 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 <250 .4 1,540 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 <250 <.25 4,710 2.6 0.8 <1 4 <5 <15

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1100 16.79 293 <.25 4,960 3.0 1.1 <1 5 <5 <15

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1101 R <250 <.25 4,620 2.8 0.7 <1 5 <5 <15

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 <250 .3 716 2.1 1.0 <1 7 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 <3.3 <1

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 3.8 <1

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1100 16.79 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .84 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1101 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 .75 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 28  67
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 12.1 1.0 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 0.6 <0.05 <0.25

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 10.7 1.1 <.2 <.1 <5 .37 .9 <.05 <.25

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 <10 .7 <.2 <.1 <5 .39 .8 <.05 <.25

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 <10 .8 <.2 <.1 <5 .33 1.0 <.05 <.25

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 <10 1.8 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.1 <.05 <.25

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 <10 1.7 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.5 <.05 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 <250 1.3 23 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 324 1.1 191 <2 0.6 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 329 .6 408 2.2 0.7 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 253 1.0 618 4.1 1.0 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 <250 <.25 114 5.6 0.8 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 <250 <.25 50 7.6 0.6 <1 <3 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 5.8 <1

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 12 <1

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 8.9 <1

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 6.0 <1

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

68  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 10.8 1.6 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 2.0 <0.05 <0.25

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 <10 3.1 <.2 <.1 <5 .52 2.1 <.05 <.25

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 10.8 3.1 <.2 .15 <5 <.1 3.2 <.05 <.25

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 12.0 3.4 <.2 .14 <5 .34 4.2 <.05 <.25

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 10.8 3.5 <.2 .14 <5 <.1 4.9 <.05 <.25

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1251 R <10 3.6 <.2 .16 <5 <.1 5.0 <.05 <.25

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 <10 4.4 <.2 .14 <5 <.1 5.2 <.05 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 <250 0.7 10 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 <250 .3 25 2.2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 <250 <.25 33 3.5 .5 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 <250 OTL 18 4.2 1.0 <1 4 <5 <15

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 <250 <.25 <5 6.1 .6 <1 3 <5 <15

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1251 R <250 .5 <5 6.2 .6 <1 4 <5 <15

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 <250 <.25 <5 12 .6 <1 4 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 14 <1

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 34 <1

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 37 <1

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 46 <1

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 34 <1

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1251 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 35 <1

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 33 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 28  69
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 26.8 1.1 <0.2 <0.1 <5 0.26 4.3 <0.05 <0.25

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 27.6 2.4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 4.4 .10 <.25

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 25.0 4.3 <.2 <.1 <5 OTL 4.1 .08 <.25

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 24.0 6.7 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 4.3 .09 <.25

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 26.8 12.6 <.2 .14 <5 <.1 4.9 .10 <.25

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R 21.3 12.6 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 4.4 .08 <.25

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 24.3 21.6 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 4.9 .09 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 <250 0.9 <5 <2 0.5 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 <250 .7 <5 <2 .5 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 <250 .4 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 <250 .3 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 <250 .3 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 7.0 <1

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 9.5 <1

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 8.6 <1

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 9.0 <1

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 8.4 <1

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 8.7 <1

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 9.7 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

70 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 40.8 3.0 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 10.1 0.22 <0.25

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 28.6 5.8 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 9.2 .20 .26

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 32.9 8.4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 7.7 .20 .27

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 24.0 11.4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 5.8 .20 <.25

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 21.8 17.2 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 5.3 .10 <.25

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R 22.4 16.7 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 5.3 .10 <.25

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 21.2 23.4 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 4.7 .10 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 <250 1.8 5 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 <250 .7 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 <250 .5 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 <250 <.25 <5 2.6 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R <250 <.25 <5 2.7 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 <250 <.25 <5 3.9 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 8.7 <1

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 8.8 <1

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 13 <1

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .51 <2.5 <.05 7.1 <1

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 7.0 <1

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 .55 <2.5 <.05 7.2 <1

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .62 <2.5 <.05 7.1 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 28  71
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Date Time Duration

(days)

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 16.5 <0.3 <0.2 <0.1 <5 <0.1 1.2 <0.05 <0.25

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 18.7 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .16 1.0 <.05 <.25

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 12.5 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 .13 .7 <.05 <.25

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 23.9 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.0 <.05 <.25

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 15.8 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.1 <.05 <.25

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R 17.4 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.0 <.05 <.25

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 <10 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 1.3 <.05 <.25

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

Iron Lead Manganese

Molybdenum Nickel NiobiumScandiumSelenium Silver

Date Time Duration

(days)

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 <250 com 12 <2 <0.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 <250 0.8 97 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 <250 <.25 139 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 <250 <.25 89 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 <250 <.25 <5 <2 3.9 <1 <3 <5 <15

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 <3 <5 <15

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 <250 <.25 <5 <2 <.4 <1 4 <5 <15

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Collection

TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Date Time Duration

(days)

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 <0.05 3.3 <1

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 3.8 <1

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 4.5 <1

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 <3.3 <1

Table 28. Concentrations of metals in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: OTL, outlier 

(see table 8); com, contaminated. Symbols: <, less than]

72 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 29. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores from Lake 

Roosevelt.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: com, contaminated. 

Symbols: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-2 LR-2INC0 09-24-04 1917 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 0.03

LR-2INC2 09-26-04 2006 2.09 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-2INC4 09-28-04 1020 3.68 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-2INC8 10-02-04 1330 7.81 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-2INC18A 10-12-04 1040 17.69 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .05

LR-2INC18B 10-12-04 1042 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-2INC40 11-03-04 1600 39.92 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 <.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-3 LR-3INC0 09-23-04 1530 0.06 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <.0025

LR-3INC2 09-25-04 1825 2.18 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-3INC4 09-27-04 1115 3.89 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-3INC9 10-02-04 1315 8.97 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-3INC19A 10-12-04 1050 18.87 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-3INC19B 10-12-04 1052 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-3INC41 11-03-04 1610 41.09 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.0 <.025

Table 29  73
Table 29. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores 

from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: com, contaminated. 

Symbols: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1100 16.79 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1101 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 .07 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-4A LR-4AINC0 09-25-04 1910 0.13 <.05 <.05 <.09 <0.1 <1 <.045 <0.5 <.025

LR-4AINC2 09-27-04 1905 2.12 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-4AINC4 09-29-04 1710 4.04 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-4AINC9 10-04-04 1730 9.06 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.6 .03

LR-4AINC17B 10-12-04 1100 16.79 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.2 <.025

LR-4AINC17A 10-12-04 1101 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.4 <.025

LR-4AINC39 11-03-04 1620 39.01 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.0 <.025

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-5A LR-5AINC0 09-26-04 2146 0.09 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <0.5 <.025

LR-5AINC2 09-28-04 2210 2.11 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-5AINC4 09-30-04 0819 3.53 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .8 <.025

LR-5AINC8 10-04-04 1745 7.93 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 2.3 <.025

LR-5AINC19B 10-15-04 1240 18.72 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 3.6 <.025

LR-5AINC38 11-03-04 1630 37.88 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 2.7 <.025

74 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 29. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores 

from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: com, contaminated. 

Symbols: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6INC18B 10-15-04 1251 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-6 LR-6INC0 09-27-04 1910 0.11 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

LR-6INC2 09-29-04 1730 2.04 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-6INC5 10-02-04 1340 4.88 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 <.025

LR-6INC8 10-04-04 1530 6.96 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 <.025

LR-6INC18A 10-15-04 1250 17.85 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.6 <.025

LR-6INC18B 10-15-04 1251 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.7 <.025

LR-6INC37 11-03-04 1640 37.01 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 3.0 <.025

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7AINC0 09-28-04 2130 0.08 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

LR-7AINC2 09-30-04 0830 1.53 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-7AINC4 10-02-04 1345 3.75 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-7AINC8 10-06-04 0840 7.54 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-7AINC17A 10-15-04 1310 16.73 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 <.025

LR-7AINC17B 10-15-04 1311 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 <.025

LR-7AINC36 11-03-04 1650 35.88 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .8 <.025

Table 29  75
Table 29. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in water from incubation experiments using sediment cores 

from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Duration: time since beginning of experiment; R, replicate. Abbreviations: com, contaminated. 

Symbols: <, less than]

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 0.06 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

LR-7 LR-7RINC0 09-28-04 2150 0.07 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 0.6 <0.025

LR-7RINC2 09-30-04 0835 1.52 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .6 <.025

LR-7RINC4 10-02-04 1350 3.74 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .7 <.025

LR-7RINC8 10-06-04 0850 7.53 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .7 <.025

LR-7RINC17A 10-15-04 1315 16.71 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.1 <.025

LR-7RINC17B 10-15-04 1316 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.0 <.025

LR-7RINC36 11-03-04 1700 35.87 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.6 <.025

Site

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum Lutetium

Date Time Duration

(days)

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 <0.05 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 .10 <.04 <.025 .03 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 .06 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Collection

NeodymiumPraseodymiumSamarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium Date Time Duration

(days)

SA-8 SA-8INC0 09-22-04 2100 0.16 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 <0.025

SA-8INC2 09-24-04 1710 2.00 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8INC4 09-26-04 1120 3.76 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8INC8 09-30-04 0815 7.63 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8INC20A 10-12-04 1020 19.72 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8INC20B 10-12-04 1021 R <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

SA-8INC42 11-03-04 1710 42.00 <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

76  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Depth inverval

(cm)

Weights (grams)

Original

wet sediment Slurry

Dry sediment

at end of

experiment

Porewater

at beginning

of experiment

Reservoir

water

added

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 96.1 128.6 17.9 78.3 32.4

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 106.4 139 27.9 78.5 32.6

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 93.7 123.2 22.9 70.8 29.5

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 101 134 40.1 60.9 33

4.7–6.2 78.2 102.1 58.9 19.3 23.9

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 133.4 171.6 79.0 54.4 38.2

4.2–5.2 88.2 119.6 62.6 25.6 31.4

LR-7 LR-7 0–2 212.6 242.5 175.2 37.4 29.9

LR-7R (replicate) 0–2 143.7 179 111.3 32.4 35.3

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 114.6 146.2 44.4 70.2 31.6

RM 743 1

RM 743 Surface 147.7 221.2 147.5 .2 73.5 1

RM 743 replicate Surface 154.4 240.9 154.3 .1 86.5

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the Columbia River on 

September 13, 2002, and analyzed as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

Table 30. Depth interval, weights of wet sediment, slurry, dry sediment, porewaters, and reservoir water during 

tumbling experiment.

[All weights are in grams. Weight of porewater at beginning of experiment = Original wet sediment weight – Dry weight at end of 

experiment. Weight of overlying water added = Slurry weight – Original wet sediment weight. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter]

Table 30  77
Table 31. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline elements and non-metals in supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment 

cores and river sediment with slag from Lake Roosevelt.

[Concentrations are in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Sampling time is elapsed time after mixing slurry. Abbreviations: cm, 

centimeter; min., minute; mg/L, milligram per liter. Symbols: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Depth

interval

(cm)

Sampling

time

Alkali and alkaline earth elements

Barium Beryllium

Calcium

(mg/L) Cesium Lithium

Magnesium

(mg/L)

Potassium

(mg/L)

RubidiumSodium

(mg/L)

Strontium

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 15 min. 66.4 <0.05 17.4 0.04 <4.5 4.4 1.37 2.71 2.08 106

43 days 305 <.05 65.8 .14 <4.5 15.3 2.66 5.98 2.94 392

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 15 min. 91.4 <.05 24.9 .06 <4.5 6.1 1.21 3.78 1.81 139

43 days 344 <.05 75.9 .13 <4.5 18.1 2.11 7.69 2.60 433

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 15 min. 75.6 <.05 16 .10 <4.5 3.8 1.52 3.12 2.34 90

43 days 256 <.05 68.4 .19 5.3 15.4 2.63 6.21 3.31 377

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 15 min. 87.7 <.05 21.1 .13 <4.5 4.1 1.66 3.03 2.46 107

43 days 237 <.05 137 .25 <4.5 24.3 4.42 5.9 4.78 661

4.7–6.2 15 min. 159 <.05 29.9 .14 7.8 5.9 2.03 4.08 2.83 136

43 days 404 <.05 97.4 .19 29.8 21.6 4.22 7.98 6.54 366

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 15 min. 128 <.05 25.9 .03 <4.5 4.0 2.10 3.12 2.63 131

43 days 525 <.05 146 .17 4.6 22.8 6.05 7 6.34 732

4.2–5.2 15 min. 160 <.05 29 .04 <4.5 4.3 3.06 4.44 2.76 156

43 days 639 <.05 113 .11 17.8 21.4 7.18 10.2 6.36 586

LR-7 LR-7 0–2 15 min. 60.3 <.05 27.9 <.02 4.6 6.3 .88 1.47 2.24 145

43 days 128 <.05 64 <.02 6.2 19.0 2.30 2.22 3.16 327

LR-7R 0–2 15 min. 47.7 <.05 28.8 <.02 <4.5 5.5 1.35 1.57 2.47 123

43 days 152 <.05 73.7 .03 34.6 35.4 5.80 4.89 5.45 294

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 15 min. 34.8 <.05 13.8 <.02 <4.5 3.4 1.16 1.28 2.11 79

43 days 122 <.05 68.2 .03 <4.5 16.0 2.52 2.85 4.24 368

RM 743 1

RM 743 Surface 15 min. 47.2 <.05 25.2 <.02 <4.5 5.1 1.02 .74 2.31 87

43 days 68.8 <.05 36.3 <.02 5.7 11.9 2.09 2.51 2.63 144

1

RM 743 

-replicate

Surface 15 min. 44.4 <.05 23.8 <.02 <4.5 5.0 .99 .78 2.28 85

43 days 71.8 <.05 31.9 .04 20.5 16.8 4.70 6.64 3.56 123

78  Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Depth

(cm)

Sampling

time

Non-Metals

Arsenic

(μg/L)

Phosphorus

(mg/L)

Selenium

(μg/L)

Silica

(mg/L)

Sulfate

(mg/L)

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 15 min. 2 <0.05 <5 18 <10

43 days 3 .09 <5 40 17

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 15 min. <1 .06 <5 31 <10

43 days 4 .10 <5 47 <10

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 30 <10

43 days 5 .08 <5 44 32

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 12 <10

43 days 2 <.05 <5 26 <10

4.7–6.2 15 min. <1 <.05 <5 12 <10

43 days 2 <.05 <5 23 74

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 7.9 <10

43 days 5 <.05 <5 28 <10

4.2–5.2 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 7.0 <10

43 days 3 .10 <5 18 114

LR-7 LR-7R 0–2 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 6 12

43 days 2 <.05 <5 13 40

LR-7R 0–2 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 7.2 15

43 days 2 .08 <5 15 42

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 15 min. <1 <.05 <5 10 <10

43 days 3 .07 <5 36 17

RM 743 1

RM 743 Surface 15 min. 2 .06 <5 4.4 38

43 days 4 <.05 <5 10 50

1

RM 743 

-replicate

Surface 15 min. 2 <.05 <5 4.2 22

43 days 5 .08 <5 8.9 53

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the 

Columbia River on September 13, 2002, and analyzed as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

Table 31. Concentrations of alkali and alkaline elements and non-metals in supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment 

cores and river sediment with slag from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[Concentrations are in micrograms per liter unless otherwise indicated. Sampling time is elapsed time after mixing slurry. Abbreviations: cm, 

centimeter; min., minute; mg/L, milligram per liter. Symbols: <, less than]

Table 31  79
Table 32. Concentrations of metals in supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment cores and river sediment with slag from 

Lake Roosevelt.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Sampling time after mixing slurry. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; min., minute. Symbols: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample

identifier

Depth

interval

(cm)

Sampling

time

Metals

AluminumAntimonyBismuthCadmiumChromium Cobalt Copper Gallium Germanium Iron Lead ManganeseMolybdenum Nickel

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 15 min. 52.9 0.6 <0.2 <.1 <5 0.60 0.7 0.20 <0.025 <250 1.0 5,720 3.1 1.7

43 days 18.6 <.3 <.2 .11 <5 1.68 1.0 .73 <.025 <250 .9 43,000 17.9 2.7

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 15 min. 62.2 1.2 <.2 .26 <5 .77 2.4 .20 <.025 <250 2.5 9,740 10.2 1.6

43 days 28.8 <.3 <.2 .68 <5 2.46 3.1 .70 <.025 <250 5.9 50,600 26.0 4.0

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 15 min. 146 .5 <.2 .19 <5 .73 2.7 .09 <.025 <250 2.2 2,460 <2 1.1

43 days 35.1 <.3 <.2 <.1 <5 3.08 .8 .20 <.025 9,960 .7 11,800 3.3 2.6

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 15 min. 37 2.0 <.2 <.1 <5 .51 <.5 <.05 <.025 273 2.2 591 <2 .6

43 days 19.8 .8 <.2 <.1 <5 1.46 .9 .10 <.025 1,230 .7 5,240 18.0 .6

4.7–6.2 15 min. 25.1 6.7 <.2 <.1 <5 1.02 .6 <.05 .53 593 1.6 923 6.1 .6

43 days 14.3 2.5 <.2 <.1 <5 2.07 <.5 .09 .66 <250 <.25 3,590 13.9 .9

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 15 min. 42.4 12.0 <.2 <.1 <5 .18 2.4 <.05 .3 <250 3.6 183 5.2 .7

43 days 19.5 1.0 <.2 <.1 <5 1.72 .6 <.05 .56 3,750 1.6 3,500 34.5 <.4

4.2–5.2 15 min. 48.4 60.4 <.2 .13 <5 <.1 5.1 .22 .46 <250 7.3 46.2 9.7 <.4

43 days 20.7 7.8 <.2 .12 <5 .27 3.5 .07 .7 <250 4.2 416 27.1 .8

LR-7 LR-7 0–2 15 min. 85.2 27.4 <.2 .20 <5 .18 26.8 .20 .26 491 16.2 10.9 <2 <.4

43 days 29 160 <.2 .19 <5 <.1 30.0 .07 .38 <250 1.6 7.3 4.1 <.4

LR-7R 0–2 15 min. 70.8 17.7 <.2 <.1 <5 <.1 21.0 .07 .28 358 7.5 7.5 2.6 <.4

43 days 256 155 <.2 .34 <5 .36 94.2 .24 .68 914 18.7 38.5 6.0 1.6

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 15 min. 90.3 .8 <.2 <.1 <5 .48 <.5 <.05 <.025 <250 .3 530 <2 .5

43 days 27.8 .5 <.2 <.1 <5 1.23 <.5 .10 <.025 740 <.25 3,370 <2 1.2

RM 743 1RM 743 15 min. 68.4 22.5 <.2 .32 <5 .32 51.8 .10 <.025 338 7.9 19 3.6 .8

43 days 40.6 336 <.2 .13 <5 .47 55.8 <.05 .53 <250 4.5 117 36.0 1.2

1

RM 743-replicate 15 min. 58.7 21.2 <.2 .21 <5 .23 50.6 .07 <.0 259 7.0 18.1 3.3 1.1

43 days 160 498 <.2 .31 <5 .68 140.0 .07 .7 773 17.4 148 54.6 2.0

80 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Table 32. Concentrations of metals in supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment cores and river sediment with slag from 

Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Sampling time after mixing slurry. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; min., minute. Symbols: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Depth

(cm)

Sampling

time

Metals

NiobiumScandium Silver TantalumThalliumTitaniumTungstenVanadium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <0.1 <0.2 <2.5 <0.5 <2.5 0.09 6.8 <1

43 days <1 6.3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .89 <2.5 .22 12.7 <1

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 15 min. <1 4.8 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .21 5.3 <1

43 days <1 7.6 <15 <.1 .3 <2.5 <.5 2.6 .42 14.0 <1

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 15 min. <1 4.5 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .17 8.6 <1

43 days <1 6.8 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .08 12.4 <1

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .10 10.4 <1

43 days <1 3.6 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .95 <2.5 .09 11.2 <1

4.7–6.2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 21.4 <1

43 days <1 3.3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 <.05 44.8 <1

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .93 <2.5 <.05 7.5 <1

43 days <1 3.1 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 1.64 <2.5 .11 5.4 <1

4.2–5.2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 2.08 <2.5 .06 16.0 <1

43 days <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 2.6 1.99 <2.5 .15 13.1 <1

LR-7 LR-7 0–2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 7.2 <.5 <2.5 .21 74.1 <1

43 days <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .10 60.2 <1

LR-7R 0–2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 7.0 <.5 <2.5 .14 30.6 <1

43 days <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 12.7 <.5 <2.5 .55 176 <1

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .06 3.0 <1

43 days <1 4.7 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .10 2.9 <1

RM 743 1RM 743 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .18 65.4 <1

43 days <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 .98 <2.5 .07 45.4 <1

1

RM 743-replicate 15 min. <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 <2.5 <.5 <2.5 .10 60.9 <1

43 days <1 <3 <15 <.1 <.2 7.5 2.5 <2.5 .28 118 <1

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the Columbia River on 

September 13, 2002 and analyzed as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

Table 32  81
Table 33. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment cores and 

river sediment with slag from Lake Roosevelt.

[All concentrations are in micrograms per liter. Sampling time is elapsed time after mixing slurry. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; min., minute. 

Symbols: <, less than]

Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Depth

(cm)

Sampling

time Cerium Dyprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Holmium Lanthanum

Lutetium

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 15 min. 0.14 <0.04 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.1 <0.5

43 days .12 <.04 <.025 .04 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 15 min. .24 <.04 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .18 <.5

43 days .17 <.04 .03 .07 .04 <.025 .13 <.5

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 15 min. .36 .05 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .24 <.5

43 days .08 <.04 <.025 .03 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 15 min. .12 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .11 <.5

43 days .07 <.04 <.025 .04 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

4.7–6.2 15 min. .11 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

43 days <.05 <.04 <.025 .03 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 15 min. .07 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

43 days .07 <.04 <.025 .09 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

4.2–5.2 15 min. .11 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 <.1 <.5

43 days .11 <.04 .03 .12 .03 <.025 .12 <.5

LR-7 LR-7 0–2 15 min. .26 <.04 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .24 <.5

43 days <.05 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

LR-7R 0–2 15 min. .20 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 .19 <.5

43 days .51 <.04 <.025 .03 .05 <.025 .55 <.5

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 15 min. .14 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 <.1 <.5

43 days .16 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

RM 743 1

RM 743 Surface 15 min. .14 <.04 <.025 <.025 .03 <.025 .15 <.5

43 days .06 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

1

RM 743-

replicate

Surface 15 min. .11 <.04 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.025 <.1 <.5

43 days .25 <.04 <.025 <.025 .04 <.025 .31 <.5

82 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Site 

identifier

Sample 

identifier

Depth

interval

(cm)

Sampling

time

NeodymiumPraseodymium Samarium Terbium Thorium Thulium Uranium Ytterbium

LR-2 LR-2 0–2 15 min. <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.1 <1 <0.045 <0.5 0.03

43 days .09 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 43.6 .04

LR-3 LR-3 0–2 15 min. .10 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .04

43 days .11 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 53.6 .04

LR-4A LR-4A 0–2 15 min. .17 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

43 days <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 9.9 <.025

LR-5A LR-5A 0–2 15 min. <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

43 days .08 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 2.0 <.025

4.7–6.2 15 min. .09 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 1.2 <.025

43 days <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

LR-6 LR-6 0–2 15 min. <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

43 days .12 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 21.8 <.025

4.2–5.2 15 min. .10 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 6.8 <.025

43 days .10 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 30.2 <.025

LR-7 LR-7 0–2 15 min. .12 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 .81 <.025

43 days <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 6.9 <.025

LR-7R 0–2 15 min. .09 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

43 days .42 .10 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 21.8 .04

SA-8 SA-8 0–2 15 min. <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

43 days <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 8.13 <.025

RM 743 1

RM 743 Surface 15 min. .10 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

43 days <.05 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1

RM 743-

replicate

Surface 15 min. .08 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 .03

43 days .18 <.05 <.09 <.1 <1 <.045 <.5 <.025

1

RM 743 is a sample of unsorted beach sand containing slag that was collected from river mile 743 of the Columbia River on September 13, 2002 and analyzed 

as part of a previous study (Cox and others, 2005).

Table 33. Concentrations of lanthanide and actinide elements in supernatants from tumbling experiments using sediment cores and 

river sediment with slag from Lake Roosevelt.—Continued

[All concentrations are in microgram per liter. Sampling time is elapsed time after mixing slurry. Abbreviations: cm, centimeter; min., minute. 

Symbols: <, less than]

Table 33  83
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84 Concentrations of Elements in Sediments from Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004
Manuscript approved for publication, November 7, 2006

Prepared by the USGS Publishing Network, 

Publishing Service Center, Tacoma, Washington

Bill Gibbs 

Bob Crist

Debra Grillo

Bobbie Jo Richey 

Sharon Wahlstrom

Publishing Service Center, Helena, Montana

Cynthia J. Harksen

For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the 

Director, Washington Water Science Center

U.S. Geological Survey, 934 Broadway — Suite 300

Tacoma, Washington 98402

http://wa.water.usgs.gov
OFR 2006–1350 Paulson and others

Concentrations of Elements in Sediments and Selective Fractions of 

Sediments, and in Natural Waters in Contact with Sediments 

From Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2004