United States 

Forest Service 

Southern Forest 

Experiment Station 

New Orleans, 

Louisiana 

Research Paper 

SO-1 93 

July, 1983 

Southern Exports of 

Wood Produc 

1967-80 

Harold W. Wisdom, James E. Granskog and R. J. Peeler, Ill 
SUMMARY 

Exports of wood products from the South have risen sharply since the 

mid 1970's. Lumber shipments are the largest export group, while panel 

products have exhibited the fastest growth. Hardwood logs, wood chips, and 

prefabricated wooden structures have been the primary contributors to the 

growth of roundwood and miscellaneous wood product exports. Western 

Europe and the Caribbean are the two major overseas markets for southern 

wood products. 
CONTENTS 

Page 

INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1 

SOUTHERN WOOD EXPORTS ............................... 1 

ROUNDWOOD PRODUCTS .................................. 3 

Logs ...................................................... 3 

Pulpwood ................................................. 4 

Miscellaneous Roundwood ................................... 4 

LUMBER .......................................*........... 5 

Softwood ................................................ 5 

Hardwood ............................................... 5 

Treated Lumber ............................................ 6 

Crossties .................................................. 6 

NQOD-BASED PANELS ..................................... 7 

Veneer .................................................... 7 

Plywood .................................................. 7 

Partielelboard .............................................. 7 

MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS ....................... 8 

THE FUTURE .............................................. 8 

LITERATURE CITED ....................................... 9 

APPENDIX: Statistics on Wood Exports from the Southern 

United States, 1967-80 ........................... 10 

Southern Exports of Wood Products 1967-80 

Harold W. Wisdom, James E. Granskog and R. J. Peeler, I11 

INTRODUCTION 

Instability of domestic markets for wood products 

during the 1970's and forecasts of modest growth in 

these markets have stimulated an unprecedented 

interest in export markets among southern wood 

manufacturers. Part of this awakening interest stems 

from the nation's growing concern with international 

trade. The escalation of oil prices has dramatically 

illustrated a widening trade deficit and the need to 

promote the sale of products abroad. 

The role the South might play in international 

trade in wood products has been largely ignored until 

recently. Southern exports have been overshadowed 

by log and chip exports from the Pacific Northwest. 

Only with an initial shipment of wood chips to Scandinavia in 1975 did the South suddenly attract attention to its foreign sales. With this development came 

the realization that the South is one of the world's 

major timber surplus regions, with an increasing 

potential to supply forest products in the international economy. 

However, a major difficulty hindering the assessment of export opportunities for wood products from 

the South is a lack of information on the current 

levels of foreign sales from the region and recent 

trends. While the Bureau of the Census reports statistics on forest products exports, it does not publish 

a regional breakdown of the data. National statistics 

are of limited usefulness to southern forest product 

companies interested in developing international 

markets. The statistics are strongly influenced by 

wood exports from other regions and therefore can 

be misleading to southern exporters. Interested 

parties can purchase individual customs district data, 

either on tape or microfiche, and construct regional 

export statistics tailored to the user's needs. But this 

is both time-consuming and costly, and is feasible 

only for large organizations with market research 

units. 

It is essential to have a description of the pattern 

of exports over time to investigate the potential for 

southern wood products in foreign trade. This report 

presents statistics on solid wood product exports 

from the South for the years 1967 through 1980. 

Southern exports and recent trends are briefly described, and statistical tables on exports of major 

wood products for the 1967-80 period are contained 

in the appendix. The source of the data is Bureau of 

the Census records of U.S. exports by customs district of exportation and country of destination (U.S. 

Dept. Commerce 1968-1981). The data can serve to 

develop more effective international marketing programs by southern forest product companies and lead 

to new and expanded export markets for southern 

wood products. 

SOUTHERN WOOD EXPORTS 

Foreign sales of southern wood products-roundwood, lumber, wood-based panels, and miscellaneous 

products-were valued at $500 million in 1980. This 

total was almost nine times above the level of shipments in 1967, and up from $99 million as recently 

as 1975. 

The strong upturn in overseas shipments reflects 

a resurgence of southern wood exports after decades 

of moribund foreign sales. Prior to World War 11, 

the export of wood products from the South was a 

thriving business. When the lumber industry was 

near its peak in the early part of this century, southern pine comprised nearly half of the 3 billion board 

feet of lumber and logs exported annually from the 

United States (USDA 1920). Shipments of lumber, 

flooring, staves, and vehicle and agricultural implement stock from the South also constituted a large 

portion of hardwood exports. However, with the 

depletion of the old-growth timber, southern wood 

exports gradually declined until World War I1 interrupted international trade. 

Harold W. Wisdom is Associate Professor, R. J. Peeler, I11 is Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Forestry and 

Wildlife Resources, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA. James E. Granskog is Principal 

Economist, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Forest Service-USDA, New Orleans, LA. This research was 

funded in part by cooperative agreement no. 19-351 between Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and USDA 

Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, LA. 
Southern wood exports failed to gain momentum 

following the war. Except for a surge of shipments 

under the Marshall Plan, exports languished for the 

next three decades. Southern pine lumber sales 

abroad hovered in a range between 65 and 100 million board feet annually, and shipments of hardwood 

products were only about half the pre-war trade 

(Row 1961, Siege1 1965). 

Several reasons explain the failure of exports to 

revive. Availability of foreign exchange was one important factor. Most nations had large dollar deficits 

in the immediate post-war years, and various financial controls and trade restrictions were imposed to 

limit the purchase of dollar-based goods. At the same 

time, wood product producers were kept busy by a 

strong domestic market, which meant there was little 

interest in exporting. Foreign buyers also found other 

sources of virgin timber to offset the declining supply 

from the United States. Southern pine and hardwoods were replaced by Caribbean pine from Central 

America and tropical hardwoods from Africa and 

Southeast Asia. Another setback for southern exports 

occurred in 1960, when trade was discontinued with 

Cuba. 

During the 1970's, however, wood exports from 

the South experienced a turnaround. There has been 

a steady increase in the value of shipments since 

1971 (fig. 1). Although part of the rise reflects inflation, the real or constant value of southern exports 

has more than tripled since 1975. 

YEAR 

Figure 1.-Total c.alue of southern wood exports, actual and 

deflated, 1967-80. 

ROUNDWOOD 0 1967 

93 4 

1980 

LUMBER 206.2 

MISCELLANEOUS 140 

WOOD PANELS 

Figure 2.-Value of southern wood exports by product 

group, 1967 and 1980, in millions of dollars. 

2 7 

''~ 59 6 

An important factor helping the export recovery 

was the decline in the value of the dollar, which made 

U.S. products more competitive in foreign markets. 

Formal devaluations were made in 1971 and 1973, 

and further R-eakeeing occurred in the late 1970's. In 

effect, the price of U.S. goods in terms of foreign currencies was reduced, which was significant for price 

sensitive items such as wood product exports. 

Other factors played a role in the turnaround as 

well. An improving timber supply situation provided 

a base from which additional exports could be supported, while rising demand overseas furnished opportunities for expansion. Foreign buyers shifted 

their attention back to the U.S. and the South as 

other overseas supply areas became constrained by 

resource availability and/or government policies discouraging raw material shipments. Then too, the 

severe recession in 1974-75 may have forced recognition among southern wood producers of the importance of diversifying their market structure, and the 

1975 sale of wood chips to Scandinavia fostered a 

greater awareness of the martct potential abroad. 

The composition of southern wood exports by 

major commodity groups is shown in figure 2. Lumber is the largest export, amounting to $206 million 

or 41 percent of total shipments in 1980. Miscellaneous wood products, including items such as builders' 

woodwork, prefabricated wood structures, cooperage, 

and charcoal and fuelwood, accounted for almost 

one-third of the total value of sales abroad. Wood 

panel products-veneer, plywood, and particleboard 

-have exhibited the fastest growth among the major 

export groups, while roundwood products have experienced the slowest. 

Traditionally, Western Europe and the Caribbean 

Basin have been the two major overseas markets for 

southern wood products (fig. 3). Most important 

overall, and within the western European market, are 

the nations in the European Economic Community 

(EEC or Common Market). All EEC countries have 
YEAR 

Figure 3.-Major markets for southern wood exports, 

1967-80. 

Table I.-Southern customs districts and principal ports 

Custom district 

Norfolk 

Wilmington 

Charleston 

Savannah 

Tampa 

Miami 

Mobile 

New Orleans 

Port Arthur 

Houston 

Galveeton 

Ports 

Norfolk, VA 

Newport News, VA 

Portsmouth, VA 

Wilmington, NC 

Morehead City, NC 

Charleston, SC 

Georgetown, SC 

Savannah, GA 

Brunswick, GA 

Tampa, FL 

Jacksonville, FL 

Miami, FL 

Port Everglades, FL 

Mobile, AL 

Pensacola, FL 

Gulfport, MS 

New Orleans, LA 

Baton Rouge, LA 

Port Arthur, TX 

Beaumont, TX 

Lake Charles, LA 

Houston, TX 

Galveston, TX 

Corpus Christi, TX 

substantial wood deficits and are net importers of 

forest products. The Caribbean market includes the 

Caribbean island nations, Mexico, and Central America. Africa and the Near East are also significant 

markets for certain products. 

Generally speaking, the markets are served from 

different exporting points (table 1). The South Atlantie ports of Xorfolk, Wilmington, and Charleston 

are important exporters to western Europe, while 

Savannah, Miami, and Tampa primarily serve the 

Caribbean. Owing to its leading role in international 

trade, however, New Orleans is a supplier to all markets, and Mobile also exports to most major markets. 

Because of contacts stemming from the oil trade, the 

Near East has been a significant destination of wood 

exports from the Texas ports. 

Overall, the New Orleans customs district is the 

largest exporter of southern wood products, with 

Mobile generally second or third. Norfolk led in wood 

product shipments from 1968 through 1974, but declined in rank with the rise in exports since 1975. 

Wilmington and Savannah have shown impressive 

growth in the wood products trade, and Port Arthur 

experienced a spectacular jump in exports in 1980. 

However, the latter rise was due to a large shipment 

of prefabricated housing to Syria, and may be a onetime occurrence rather than part of a continuing 

trend. Also, as noted in the following discussion of 

product groupings, different ports lead in the export 

of specific products. 

ROUNDWOOD PRODUCTS 

The South exported $93 million in roundwood 

products in 1980, compared to $15 million in 1967. 

Major roundwood exports for 1967 and 1980 are indicated in table 2. Hardwood logs and wood chips 

have been the primary contributors to the growth of 

roundwood exports since 1967. 

Logs 

Log exports by major species groups are shown in 

figure 4. Prior to 1973, oak logs were included in a 

general category with other hardwood log exports. 

Since then, oaks have been identified separately due 

to their growing importance. Oaks now account for 

70 percent of all log exports, and have replaced walnut as the major log export from the South. Walnut 

dropped from 46 percent of the total volume in 1967 

to only 6 percent in 1980. The change in the composition of log exports from high-valued walnut to 

less expensive oak explains in part the slow relative 

growth of roundwood shipments on a value basis 

compared to a strong increase in the quantity of logs 

exported. 
Table 2.-Southern exports of roundwood, by product, 1967 

and 1980 

Product 1967 1980 

Saw logs (million bd. ft., Scribner) 13.6 

Softwood 5.3 

Hardwood 8.3 

Piling (thousand linear ft.) 44.0 

Poles (thousands) 130.0 

Pulpwood (thousand cords) .1 

Wood chips (thousand ton', oven-dry) .3 

Posts (thousands) +I 

"Piling over 15 feet included under poles; poles and piling 

not over 15 feet included under posts. 

**Quantity not recorded. 

Most hardwood log exports are veneer log shipments to western Europe, primarily the EEC nations. 

European interest in U.S. and southern hardwoods 

has been growing because of restrictions on log exports from west Africa, Europe's major overseas 

source of hardwood logs. However, a concern regarding the European market has been proposed EEC 

regulations relating to oak wilt disease. Some of the 

increase in oak log shipments in 1979 and 1980 may 

have been in anticipation of import restrictions that 

were scheduled to take effect during 1980. 

Only a small amount of softwood logs is exported 

from the South. Southern pine shipments have been 

identified by species only since 1978, and accounted 

for 76 percent of the 6.5 million board feet of softwood saw logs exported in 1980. Most of the southern 

pine logs go to the Caribbean. 

Pulpwood 

The South exports a negligible amount of pulpwood in roundwood form. Because of high handling 

and shipping costs, roundwood sales are mostly for 

trial or research purposes. In contrast, wood chips 

have become one of the south's fastest-growing wood 

export items. While wood chips have a low value per 

unit of volume or weight, they are easy to handle. 

In addition, development of specialized ships and 

port facilities have helped to reduce per unit costs 

of shipping. 

In the mid 1970's, the European pulp industry 

began to seek overseas sources of raw material. Western European nations have traditionally relied on the 

Scandinavian countries to supplement domestic supplies of papermaking fiber, but booming markets and 

capacity expansion in papermaking in the early 

1970's caused Scandinavian pulp industry requirements to exceed pulpwood supplies. At the same 

time, a wood chip surplus developed in the South as 

pulp industry requirements lagged behind rising 

67 69 7 1 73 75 77 79 81 

YEAR 

Figure 4.-Southern exports of saw logs, 1967-80. 

lumber sales following the 1974-75 recession. Trial 

deliveries of wood chips to four European countries 

in 1975 and 1976 culminated in long-term chip supply 

agreements with Sweden; and chip handling facilities 

were constructed at Lake Charles, Louisiana, and 

Savannah, Georgia, to serve the overseas market on 

a continuing basis. 

Chip exports surged in 1977 as the new chip tenninals began to operate. However, shipments were 

curtailed in 1978 because of depressed European 

markets. Shipments picked up again in 1979, and 

spot sales to Japan helped boost shipments in 1980. 

Miscellaneous Roundwood 

The South exports several miscellaneous roundwood products, including poles, piling, posts, and 

other roundwood. Prior to 1978, poles, piling, and 

posts were identified in separate categories and by 

different measurement units. A revision of the export 

commodity classification code in 1978 regrouped 

these products according to length and whether 

treated or untreated. Subsequent statistics reveal 

treated poles over 15 feet in length account for the 

largest portion of the value of these shipments-85 

percent in 1980-although treated posts not over 

15 feet are exported in greater quantity. 

The Caribbean and the Near East are the primary 

markets for treated poles and posts. Mobile is the 

most important customs district for the export of 

these products. 
LUMBER 

Total exports of lumber from the South have almost tripled since 1967, increasing from 137 million 

board feet to 365 million board feet in 1980. Softwoods account for two-thirds of all lumber exports, 

and shipments have been rising steadily since 1975, 

except for a slight downturn in 1978 when strong 

domestic demand overshadowed depressed foreign 

markets (fig. 5). Hardwood sales abroad have been 

gaining strength since 1977. 

Softwood 

Softwood exports consist mainly of southern ~ine 

the ports of Pensacola and Gulfport as well as Mobile. 

Shipments of other softwood lumber to the Caribbean are largely from Miami. 

Hardwood 

The South exported 73 million board feet of hardwood lumber and flooring in 1980, up from 25 million 

in 1967. The primary reason for the increase has been 

the rise in hardwood lumber shipments to the EEC 

countries, which accounted for 72 percent of the 

exports of southern hardwood lumber in 1980. 

lumber, although limited quantities of non-southern 4 00 

species are exported out of southern ports. Softwood I 

CARIBBEAN 

AFRICA 4 O/O 

lumber goes to two major overseas markets-western 360 

Europe and the Caribbean (fig. 6). Modest quantities are also shipped to Africa and Asia. 320 

Southern pine lumber shipped to Europe is pri- I, 

TOTAL = Ill MILLION BD. FT. TOTAL = 283 MILLION BD. FT. 

Figure 6.-Major markets for southern softwood lumber exports, 1967 and 1980. 

- 

- 

marily clear material, which is used for joinery, 14 280 - tu paneling, and furniture parts. Most of the southern c 

pine exported to this market is shipped rough for 2 240 - 

T remanufacture to metric sizes and also because of 0 

the EEC tariff on dressed lumber. a~ 200 - 

On the other hand, most of the pine shipped to the $ 

Caribbean is for structural purposes, with a majority 160- 

3 

as dressed lumber. Even though masonry housing " 120 

construction is popular in the Caribbean, southern 

pine is used extensively in roof structures. 80 

In addition to southern pine, 30 million board feet 

of other softwood lumber was exported from southern 40 

ports in 1980. About two-thirds goes to the Carib- 

- 

HARDWOOD,' 

- / .' ---4 /' 

-- -- -- -/y-----~@ 

bean countries, largely due to the proximity of the o 11111~111~111 

67 69 71 73 75 77 79 

region to southern ports and lumber dealers. YEAR 

Overall, the largest center for southern pine exports is the Mobile customs district, which includes Figure 5.-Southern exports of lumber, 1967-80. 
As noted previously, European interest in U.S. 

hardwoods has grown as traditional sources of tropical hardwoods have become restricted. In addition, 

oak has become the fashion in European furniture 

in recent years (Ascherman 1980). Almost the entire 

increase in hardwood sales since 1977 has been oak 

lumber (fig. 7). 

Because of the requirements of the European market and tariffs on dressed lumber, most of the hardwood lumber is shipped rough for remanufacturing. 

Table 3 provides a breakdown of 1980 hardwood 

lumber exports by extent of manufacture and species. 

Eighty-nine percent was rough lumber. 'Clihite oak 

made up the largest portion of oak exports. 

Southern exports of hardwood flooring have been 

modest, generally around 1 million board feet annually, except for a rise in the early 1970's and another 

surge in 1980. The increase in 1971-72 was due to 

shipments to Japan. The Jump in 1980 shipments 

resulted from increased sales to Scandinavia, particularly Sweden. 

The largest centers for hardwood lumber exports 

in 1980 were Mobile, Wilmington, and New OrIeans, 

in that order. More than one-half of the flooring was 

shipped from New Orleans. 

Treated Lumber 

In 1978, a separate classification was created for 

treated lumber exports. Previously, treated lumber 

was included in the export statistics for softwood and 

hardwood lumber. Table 4 shows southern shipments 

of treated lumber, by market, since 1978. 

The greater Caribbean area is the primary market 

for treated lumber, and the market in this region is 

Table 3.-Southern exports of hardwood Lumber, by extent 

01 manufacture and species, 1980 

Condition/species Volume 

---- thousand board feet----- 

Rough: 

Oak, red 18,298 

Oak, white 28,996 

- 

Total oak 47,294 

Walnut 769 

Other - 11,786 

Total rough 59,849 

Dressed: 

Oak, red 1,172 

Oak, white 

- 

1,775 

Total oak 2,947 

Walnut 1,862 

Other - 2,789 

Total dressed 7,598 

Total, rough and dressed 67.447 

Tahle 4.-Southern exports of treated lumber, 197840 

Area 1978 1979 1980 

. - - - - - - - thousanri board feet -------- 

Central America '756 2,348 4,390 

South Arneric-a 19 67 2,703 

Other 669 673 665 

Total 1,444 3.088 7,758 

growing. South -4merican shipments in 1980 went 

to Venezuela, which is on the southern rim of the 

Caribbean Basin. Sales to all other destinations have 

been stable. 

Crossties 

Exports of crossties from the South have fluctuated widely, ranging from a high of almost 18 million 

board feet in 1975 to just under I million feet in 

1977. Shipments were up again in 1980 to 14.6 million 

board feet. 

Central and South America have been the most 

consistent buyers of southern erossties. The market 

for erossties among the Caribbean islands is small, 

since only Jamaica has a significant railway system. 

Venezuela and Peru have been the largest South 

American importers. Other significant but inconsistent markets have been Canada, Africa, and the Near 

East. Canada is the largest buyer of U.S. crossties, 

but it imports mostly from the North. 

YEAR 

Figure 7.-Southern exports of hardwood lumber and flooring, 1967-80. 
Although softwood shipments were notable in the 400 

early and mid-1970's, treated hardwood crossties 

have dominated exports in the most recent years. HAR~WOOD 

More than half of all crosstie shipments since 1967 

320 have been exported from the Mobile customs district. 

WOOD-BASED PANELS 

Wood-based panels are the most rapidly growing lu 

southern wood export. The total value of wood-based 

panel exports increased from $3 million in 1967 to $ $60 million in 1980. Nominally, this represents a 27 3 160 

percent average annual rate of growth. But even 2 

when the effect of inflation is removed, the growth 

rate in real terms remains an impressive 19 percent 

per annum. Wood veneer was the most important 

panel export in 1980, accounting for 60 percent of SOFTWOOD 

the total value; plywood made up 36 percent of the 

total. Particleboard and other reconstituted wood 

products made up only 4 percent. 

YEAR 

Veneer 

Veneer shipments have been the driving force behind the rapid growth in wood-based panel exports, 

and hardwoods dominate veneer exports (fig. 8). Veneer exports increased from 13 million square feet in 

1967 to 382 million square feet in 1980. This represents a 30 percent annual increase, on the average. 

Hardwood veneers comprise 88 percent of total veneer 

exports. Although softwoods represent only a modest 

share of total veneer exports, softwood exports have 

been growing rapidly since 1974, reflecting the expansion of softwood veneer production in the South 

during the 1970's. 

The EEC absorbs four-fifths of southern veneer 

exports, with West Germany the major single market, accounting for over half of all exports. Italy is 

the second largest market, accounting for 18 percent 

of the total. 

The rapid expansion of veneer exports to Europe 

can be attributed to many of the same factors affecting lumber exports to Europe, namely the growth in 

European housing and furniture construction, the 

decline in the availability of tropical hardwoods, and 

the expansion of the European plywood industry. 

Whereas Europe has ample corestack and backs to 

meet its needs, there is a scarcity of high quality domestic hardwood face veneer, and traditional sources 

from West Africa are becoming increasingly scarce. 

Plywood 

In contrast to veneer shipments, southern plywood 

exports are primarily softwood (fig. 9). Hardwood 

plywood exports are small, since domestic production 

Figure 8.-Southern exports of wood veneer, 1967-80. 

of hardwood plywood is low relative to consumption, 

a majority of which is supplied by imports. 

Softwood plywood production in the South was 

initiated in the mid 1960's. Exports were small during 

the industry's early growth in the late 1960's and 

early 1970's, and shipments went primarily to the 

Caribbean. But in 1973 and 1974, exports jumped as 

southern producers began selling to western Europe 

during the recession. As domestic markets subsequently improved, however, these shipments declined. 

But since 1978, softwood exports have been rising 

again, with most of the increase going to western 

Europe. 

In 1980, the EEC imported over half of the South's 

plywood exports, and was followed by the Caribbean, 

which imported a third of the total. The Netherlands, 

West Germany, and the United Kingdom are the 

major buyers in the EEC, while the Bahama Islands, 

Dominican Republic, and Cayman Islands are important in the Caribbean market. 

Recent acceptance of U.S. plywood grades in European building codes for use in structural applications 

is a factor in the growth of that market. Previously, 

most shipments to Europe were used for concrete 

forms and industrial packaging. In the Caribbean, 

primary uses are for concrete forming and roof 

sheathing. 

Particleboard 

Southern exports of particleboard were insignificant until the mid 1970%; since then, they have risen 

to the I1 million square feet level. In the U.S., par- 
YEAR 

Figure 9.-Southern exports of plywood, 1967-80. 

ticleboard is a fairly recent phenomenon and exports 

have been modest thus far. Because Europe has a long 

history of particleboard use and a well developed industry to serve its needs, southern particleboard 

exports are concentrated in the Caribbean area. The 

Dominican Republic and Venezuela absorb about 

two-thirds of the South's exports. Furniture and nonresidential construction are the primary uses. 

MISCELLANEOUS WOOD PRODUCTS 

In addition to the major wood products, the South 

exports a wide variety of miscellaneous products 

(table 5). The total value of miscellaneous product 

exports increased from $17 million in 1967 to $140 

million in 1980, representing an 18 percent annual 

rate of growth. After removing the effect of inflation, 

miscellaneous products grew at a real rate of 10 percent per year. However, the almost tripling of exports 

from $55 million in 1979 to $140 million in 1980 was 

due almost entirely to a large shipment of prefabricated houses to Syria. If the influence of that unusually large shipment is excluded, the long-term 

growth in miscellaneous wood exports is reduced to 

11 percent and a real rate of 3 percent. 

As would be expected from a group composed of 

a wide variety of products, exports of miscellaneous 

wood products have fluctuated widely since 1967. 

Exports declined sharply during the 1967-73 period 

and only began to exhibit a steady growth since 1975. 

Cooperage products, once the largest category of 

miscellaneous products, were largely responsible for 

the erratic behavior of the group. Cooperage products declined sharply after 1967, and had only partially recovered to their 1967 level by 1980. On the 

other hand, builder's woodwork and prefabricated 

wooden structures have exhibited relatively strong 

growth since 1975. 

Asia is the major market for miscellaneous wood 

products, accounting for about two-thirds of all 

southern exports in 1980. AIthough the unusually 

large shipment of prefabricated wood structures to 

Syria in 1980 has the effect of exaggerating the importance of the Asian market, the region remains the 

dominant market area even after eliminating that 

shipment. The most important export districts are 

Miami, Houston, New Orleans, and Norfolk, in descending order of importance. 

THE FUTURE 

Future trends in southern exports are dependent 

not only upon the activities of southern producers 

and the behavior of the domestic market, but also 

upon the actions of competitive suppliers to overseas 

markets. In the long term, the growth of southern 

wood exports will be determined primarily by comparative cost considerations and the marketing efforts of exporters. Major cost considerations include 

trends in the cost of production in the South relative to other suppliers, ocean transportation costs, 

changes in exchange rates, and tariff and nontariff 

barriers to trade. 

In the past, trends in production costs, especially 

labor, have tended to favor the South over competitive sources of supply to the European and Caribbean 

markets. It is likely that these favorable trends will 

continue into the future, although perhaps to a lesser 

degree. However, if Central American countries are 

successful in expanding their lumber, veneer, and 

plywood production, their lower labor costs could 

make them strong competitors in the Caribbean markets. The advantage the South holds in the European 

market is its favorable location relative to exporting 

regions such as the Pacific Northwest and British 

Columbia. Rising energy costs would make ocean 

transportation more costly for these regions. 

Competition in overseas markets will be affected 

by developments in the domestic market for wood 

products. For example, rising rail and truck transportation costs are reducing western U.S. shipments 

to eastern markets. As a result, western producers 

are concentrating more on foreign markets.. In the 

face of an aggressive overseas marketing campaign 

by western producers, southern producers must 

mount an equally aggressive marketing program to 

retain, much less increase, their share of the overseas 

market. Also, should the housing market improve and 

southern producers direct their attention away from 

exporting to serve the domestic market, southern 

exports almost surely will decline. 
Table 5.-Southern exports of miscellaneous wood products, 1967 and 197840 

Actual value Deflated valuer 

Product 

millions of dollars ----------------- 

Fuel & Charcoal * 1.5 2.5 3.1 1.2 

Cooperage Products 10.6 4.4 7.2 9.2 3.8 

Builder's Woodwork 2.3 10.2 11.6 17.3 7.1 

Prefab. Wood Structures .5 9.0 11.5 78.2** 32.3'" 

Other Products 3.2 17.3 22.4 32.2 13.4 

Total all products 16.6 42.4 55.2 140.0 57.8 

?Deflated using Products Price Indexes for Wood Products, 1967~ 100. 

"Less than $500,000. 

**Includes a large one-time shipment to Syria. 

A factor over which southern wood exporters have 

no control, but which may have a significant impact 

upon the competitiveness of southern products in 

foreign markets, is the foreign exchange rate. During 

the 1970's, the U.S. dollar declined relative to many 

foreign currencies. The depreciation of the dollar had 

the effect of reducing the cost of U.S. goods in our 

major foreign markets, thereby improving our competitiveness abroad. However, recently the dollar has 

either held its own or appreciated in value in the 

major world markets. Should the dollar continue to 

appreciate relative to other currency, the effect will 

be to increase the foreign exchange cost of U.S. products. Unless U.S. production and marketing cost 

advantages offset the negative foreign exchange cost 

trend or the dollar again weakens, U.S. goods will 

become less competitive in foreign markets. 

However, it is the rate of exchange between the 

U.S. dollar and the currency of the countries with 

which we export wood products that matters, not 

the rate of exchange between U.S. currency and the 

average of all U.S. overseas markets. It is noteworthy 

that in many important wood markets, e.g., Italy 

and United Kingdom, the dollar strengthened rather 

than declined during the 1970's. Conversely, the 

dollar weakened in the key wood markets of West 

Germany, Spain, and Venezuela. In many Caribbean 

nations, e.g., the Bahamas, Panama, and the Dominican Republic, the local currency is pegged to the 

dollar; thus, the exchange rate remained unchanged. 

Although there has been a lessening of trade restrictions overall for wood products since World War 

11, significant tariff and nontariff barriers still remain. Most important for southern wood exports are 

those existing in the European and Latin American 

markets. Significant EEC restrictions are a tariff on 

dressed lumber, a duty-free quota limit for softwood 

plywood, and restrictions on oak logs and lumber 

relating to oak wilt disease. While some progress was 

made in reducing EEC barriers in the latest round 

of negotiations under the General Agreement on 

Tariffs and Trade (GATT), tariffs in some Latin 

American countries remain high. In general, nontariff 

barriers are becoming of more concern due to a rise 

of protectionism in world trade stemming from recent 

recessionary economic conditions. 

Barring further deterioration of world trading conditions, however, lower production and marketing 

costs should provide southern producers with a competitive advantage in Europe and the Caribbean. 

But southern producers will need to pursue a vigorous program of overseas market promotion if they 

are to be successful in exploiting their advantage in 

the face of aggressive marketing by competing supply 

regions. The establishment of an international trade 

office in the Southern Forest Products Association, 

in cooperation with the National Forest Products 

Association and the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, is an encouraging development. Such efforts are 

necessary to promote southern wood products in key 

overseas markets and to familiarize southern wood 

producers with export opportunities and procedures. 

LITERATURE CITED 

Ascherman, Herb. Prospects for the export market. 

Import/Export Wood Purchasing News. 6(6): 3, 

5, 14, 17; 1980. 

Row, Clark. Will southern pine exports revive? 

Southern Lumberman. 203 (2537) : 109-111; 1961. 

Siegel, W. C. Trends in U.S. hardwood exports. 

Southern Lumberman. 211 (2632) : 179-183; 1965. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Timber depletion, lumber prices, lumber exports, and 

concentration of timber ownership. Report on Senate Resolution 311, 66th Congress, 2nd session. 

Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1920. 71 p. 

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. U.S. exports: schedule B [Magnetic tape]. 

Report No. EA 622. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census; 

1968-81. Annual. 
APPENI)IX Statistics on Wood Exports from the Southern United States : 1967-80 

List of Appendix Tables 

(Source: U.S. Dept . Commerce 1968-81) 

Page 

A1 . Southern exports of solid wood products. 1967-80 ....................... 11 

A2 . Southern exports of wood products. by market. 1967-80 ................... 11 

A3 . Value of southern wood exports. by customs district. 1967-80 .............. 12 

A4 . Southern exports of saw logs. 1967-80 .................................. 12 

A5 . Southern exports of softwood saw logs. by market. 1967-80 ............... 13 

A6 . Southern exports of hardwood saw logs. by market. 1967-80 ............... 13 

A7 . Southern exports of poles. by market. 1967-80 .......................... 14 

A8 . Southern exports of piling. by market. 1967-77 .......................... 14 

A9 . Southern exports of roundwood pulpwood and wood chips. 

bymarket.196 7-80 ............................................... 14 

A10 . Southern exports of southern pine lumber. by market. 1967-80 ............. 15 

All . Southern exports of other softwood lumber. by market. 1967-80 ............ 15 

A12 . Southern exports of hardwood lumber. by species. 1967-80 ................ 16 

A13 . Southern exports of hardwood lumber. by market. 1967-80 ................ 16 

A14 . Southern exports of railroad crossties. by species group. 1967-80 ........... 17 

A15 . Southern exports of railroad crossties. by market. 1967-80 ................ 17 

A16 . Southern exports of hardwood flooring. by species group. 1967-80 .......... 18 

A17 . Southern exports of hardwood flooring. by market. 1967-80 ............... 18 

A18 . Southern exports of wood panel products. 1967-80 ....................... 18 

A19 . Southern exports of veneer. by market. 1967-80 ......................... 19 

A20 . Southern exports of plywood. by market. 1967-80 ........................ 19 

A21 . Southern exports of particleboard and other reconstituted 

wood panel products. by market. 1967-80 ............................ 20 

A22 . Southern exports of miscellaneous wood products. 1967-80 ............... 20 
Table A1.-Southern ~xports of solid wood products, 1967-80 

Commodity 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 19'75 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 

Roundwood .---------_----------------------------- thousand dollars .---__-_--------------------

Softwood logs 521 462 89 360 336 296 844 2,849 3,466 4,224 1,870 2,207 4,849 3,421 

Hardwood logs 10,234 14,081 10,635 12,477 7,720 11,777 14.945 10,858 12,717 21,421 22,771 36,129 55,309 48,374 

Piling & poles 3,725 1,934 1,235 1,991 742 2,156 1,994 4,027 5,742 8,462 8,428 14,842 10,255 13,221 

Other roundwood 213 154 84 340 284 32 84 15 387 145 123 854 1,117 1,544 

Wood chips 7 0 0 180 0 0 1 663 4,627 1,600 7,540 3,829 11,280 26,805 

Total 

roundwood 14,700 16,631 12,043 15,348 9,082 14,261 17,868 18,412 26,939 35,852 40,732 57,861 82,810 93,365 

Lumber 

Softwood 17,024 18,228 17,704 20,375 18,140 26,175 28,605 25,484 25,574 48,459 62,421 62,331 103,840 136,775 

Hardwood 5,876 5,133 4,134 6,212 5,826 9,959 8,534 9,277 11,450 14,618 17,456 42,048 60,148 69,191 

Total lumber 22,900 23,361 21,838 26,587 23,966 36,134T7=7T37,024 63,077 79,877 104,379 163,988 205,966 

Wood Panel Products 

Hardwoodveneer 708 1,951 3,706 1,139 4,024 5,776 7,599 7,447 9,409 10,794 12,159 21,472 28,880 30,924 

Softwood veneer 9 18 39 25 64 32 389 307 635 1,281 1,996 2,612 2,718 4,658 

Total veneer 717 1,969 3,745 1,164 4,088 5,808 7,9T?:-oFT2i075 14,155 24,084 31,598 35,582 

Hardwoodplywood 390 513 478 302 153 388 622 545 1,167 3,503 3,485 1,321 1,403 3,663 

Softwoodplywood 1,385 1,790 2,025 1,514 1,264 1,562 4,685 6,668 5,817 7,311 3,976 5,410 10,452 17,668 

Other plywood 214 163 166 276 150 276 1,029 970 677 1,932 2,528 721 302 468 

Totalplywood 1,989 2,466 2,669 2,092 1,56-2=3r8,183 7,661 12,746 9,989 7,452 12,157 21,799 

Particleboard 26 18 18 11 60 130 94 140 525 515 2,361 1,772 2,102 2,262 

Total panel 

products 2,732 4,453 6,432 3,267 5,715 8,164 14,418 16.077 18,233 25,336 26,505 33,308 45,857 59,643 

Miscellaneous 

Wood Products 

Total 16,592 11,198 12,023 13,083 12,302 10,354 10,308 25.!?02 16,377 33,420 56,737 42,430 55,220 139,963 

Total Solid 

WoodProducts 56,924 55,643 52,336 58,285 51,065 68,913 79,733 95,152 98,573 157,685 203,851 237,978 347,875 498,937 

Table AS.-Southern exports of wood products, by market, 1967-80 

Market 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 

thousand dollars ---- -------------- - ----------- 

Canada 305 250 226 642 2,267 1,504 1,570 2,614 1,838 456 522 1,149 1,808 

Caribbean 13,514 13,522 15,745 14,021 9,930 11,334 13,130 16,982 17,746 26,976 31,237 31,273 51,323 72,792 

South America 776 926 940 3,246 2,826 4,672 4,977 3,719 4,786 6,572 10,454 11,091 14,468 20,892 

European Econ. 

Comm. 30,390 29,344 24,501 26,459 23,650 26,123 45,657 44,684 45,964 75,737 77,989 128,199 194,060 208,156 

Other Europe 8,251 7,903 6,957 8,307 5,341 6,623 9,092 13,174 14.428 18,431 29,752 24,572 41,354 62,026 

Africa 929 1,061 938 1,657 1,700 699 2,565 4,186 3,853 5,430 23,351 10,019 13,000 11,586 

Near East Asia 371 434 142 271 631 278 401 7,335 6,479 17,883 26,486 27,510 18,787 101,249 

Japan 1,416 1,312 2,327 3,050 5,568 16,260 2,095 1,730 772 3,230 3,103 3,188 7,988 13,434 

Other Asia 716 350 148 430 193 190 674 1,216 1,035 772 351 1,031 4,256 4,542 

Oceania 561 486 388 618 584 467 639 556 896 818 673 573 1,490 2,452 

Total 56,924 55,643 52,336 58,2-65 68,91379:733 95,152 98,573 157,685 203,851 237,978 347,875 498,937 
Table AS.-Value of southern wood exports, by customs districts, 1967-80 

Year Wilming- Charles- Savan- New Port GalvesNorfolk ton nah Miami Tampa Mobile Orleans Arthur ton Houston ton 

.......................................................... thousand dollars---- 

12,924 2,429 - 1,602 1,974 7,755 2,338 12,888 

13,668 4,601 2,069 1,470 8,894 2,143 10,324 

13,645 3,419 1,389 1,142 11,244 2,798 8,882 

13,979 3,722 1,416 1,891 8,351 2,933 10,699 

14,464 2,140 2,800 1,457 6.690 2,066 7,785 

19,081 6,329 3,159 2,306 7,058 2,073 9,045 

18,426 10,267 3,938 3,100 8,600 2,210 12,240 

24,415 6,363 5,216 6,999 10,394 2,451 15,456 

19,377 14,916 4,340 4,895 9,290 2,345 15,906 

28,058 17,480 11,890 7,843 13,807 3,948 25,063 

26,708 24,824 20,175 11,674 17,063 2,872 32,298 

31,107 31,917 24,062 9,425 20,288 4,792 45,600 

45,605 50,657 31,175 28,171 27,564 6,038 47,046 

45,012 57,452 30,220 54,129 40,930 6,995 67,738 

Table A4.-Southern exports of saw logs, 1967-80 

All Hardwood 

Year saw logs Softwood Total Walnut Oak Other 

------------------------------thousand board feet.----------------------------- 

1967 13,563 5,286 8,277 6,187 * 2,090 

1968 15,708 4,364 11,344 8,798 * 2,546 

1969 8,916 510 8,406 6,387 * 2,019 

1970 13,974 2,302 11,672 7,491 * 4,181 

1971 11,052 2,450 8,602 4,075 1 4,527 

1972 15,990 1,310 14,680 5,368 * 9,312 

1973 34,943 3,562 31,381 5,486 25,412 483 

1974 20,385 7,910 12,475 2,098 9,726 65 1 

1975 24,644 14,246 10,398 2,672 4,176 3,550 

1976 29,563 10,689 18,874 1,783 10,548 6,543 

1977 22,144 3,476 18,668 1,78 1 10,961 5,926 

1978 31,543 3,934 27,604 3,072 13,660 10,872 

1979 41,508 8,127 33,381 2,377 22,206 8,798 

1980 50,635 6,516 44,119 2,830 35,213 6,076 

- 

"Included in "other hardwood 
Table AS.-Southern exports of softwood saw logs, by market. 1967-80 

All regions South European Other 

Year total Caribbean America Econ. Comm. Asia markets 

- thousand board feet ------ 

0 303 

0 303 

32 277 

23 1,520 

57 467 

96 85 1 

145 2,797 

118 6,172 

160 11,203 

414 4,395 

1,787 1,265 

80 975 

290 1,350 

110 778 

Table A6.-Southern exports of hardwood saw logs, by market, 1967-80 

All regions South 

Year total America 

Europe Other 

ECC Other markets 
Table A7.-Southern exports of poles, by market, 1967-80' 

All regions South 

Year Caribbean America Europe Asia Africa total 

-------------------------------thousands--------------------------------- 

1967 130 66 8 5 1 4 1 

1968 71 32 * 39 * 0 

1969 40 33 3 2 1 1 

1970 59 47 2 0 10 0 

1971 17 14 3 0 * 0 

1972 57 56 * * 0 1 

1973 43 39 1 b * 2 

1974 59 55 0 2 2 t 

1975 81 66 2 1 P 1 * 

1976 215 80 2 47 52 34 

1977 138 58 3 4 24 51 

1978 195 45 3 3 78 66 

1979 135 50 34 4 42 5 

1980 152 46 22 4 61 19 

?Beginning in 1978, includes all piling 15' or larger. 

*Less than 500. 

Table A 8.-Southern exports of piling, by market, 1967-77' 

All regions South Other 

Year total Caribbean America Asia markets 

.----- - thousand linear feet--------------- 

1967 44 32 10 2 0 

1968 19 19 0 0 0 

1969 44 40 2 0 2 

1970 160 150 7 0 3 

1971 34 16 17 0 * 

1972 42 16 6 19 0 

1973 103 34 4 66 0 

1974 49 39 9 1 0 

1975 58 28 30 0 0 

1976 68 63 0 5 0 

1977 210 28 27 155 0 

iSince 1918, piling 15 feet in length or over is grouped under 

poles; piling less than 15 feet is grouped under other roundwood. 

"Less than 500 linear feet. 

Table AS.-Southern exports of roundwood pulpwood and 

wood chips, by market, 1967-80 

Roundwood Wood chips 

Year total Japan Sweden Other Total 

cords 

5 1 

937 

46 

2,950 

1,215 

245 

1,141 

14 

181 
Table Al0.-Southern exports of southern pine Zrrrnber, by market, 196740 

South Europe All regions Asia Africa Oceania Year total Caribbean America EEC Other 

thousand board feet -------- 

22,138 127 46,108 8,194 

22,381 601 51,681 8,384 

19,517 78 37,654 7,692 

18,340 64 39,541 7,118 

13,249 13 28,796 3,275 

9,932 2 35,373 3,283 

8,107 5 68,017 4,770 

14,427 507 30,311 4,627 

15,439 69 1 34,974 2,162 

38,660 4,601 55,507 8.665 

38,709 5,753 58,637 11,981 

28,532 2,819 69,292 9,393 

70,009 1,644 93,170 11,459 

79,048 10,934 106,840 28,072 

Table All.-Southern exports of other softwood lumber, by market, 1967-803 

A11 regions South Europe Year total Canada Caribbean America Asia Africa Oceania EEC Other 

tIncludes treated softwood lumber and softwood railroad crossties. 
Table A12.-Southern exports of hardwood lumber, by species, 1967-80 

All hardwood Year total Oak Walnut Other 

thousand board feet---------------- 

6,812 645 9,044 

4,718 1,280 6,647 

3,759 703 6,415 

4,288 904 8,071 

4,258 196 6,305 

6,636 441 7,044 

8,978 319 7,116 

5,529 364 7,948 

5,591 161 13,415 

8,709 693 12,052 

14,381 317 8,563 

36,207 472 7,792 

45,354 1,757 9,225 

50,241 2,631 14,575 

Table A13.-Southern exports of hardwood lumber, by market, 1967-80 

All regions Europe South Other 

Year total EEC Other America markets Asia 
Table Al4.-Southern exports of railroad crossties, by species group, 1967-80 

Year Total Softwood Hardwood 

- --------- thousand board feet ------------- 

1967 3,080 1,433 1,647 

1968 3,833 855 2,978 

1969 1,143 96 1,047 

1970 4,527 18 1 4,346 

1971 6,248 1,157 5,091 

1972 11,186 4,262 6,924 

1973 4,144 2,364 1,780 

1974 3,154 1 I 3,143 

1975 17,918 9,296 8,622 

1976 5,705 2,070 3,635 

1977 994 465 529 

1978 5,375 5 1 5,324 

1979 4,668 42 4,616 

1980 14,565 23 14,542 

Table A15.-Southern exports of railroad crossties, by market, 1967-80 

All regions South 

Year total Canada Caribbean America Europe Asia Africa 

.............................. thousand board feet--------- 

3,080 0 468 211 668 

3,833 889 1,29 1 637 0 

1,143 0 22 589 0 

4,527 0 1,219 1,915 0 

6,248 1,125 1,037 3,566 0 

11,186 8,170 394 2,034 0 

4.144 2,485 262 1,121 0 

3,154 667 48 2,144 0 

17,918 9,968 268 7,677 5 

5,705 4,432 551 620 27 

994 0 8 1 420 0 

5,375 963 142 4,231 0 

4,668 1,758 496 903 0 

14,565 2,579 2,997 1,071 45 
Table Al6.-Southern cxports oj hurclwood /looring, by 

species, 1967-40 

Table Al7.-Southcrn c.x-ports of hardwood flooring, by 

rnark~f, 196740 

- - 

All hardwoods 

Year total Oak Other 

-- -- - 

- - - - - - - - - - - - thousand hoard feet------------- 

1967 1.562 1,557 5 

1968 967 961 6 

1969 533 504 29 

19'70 79 1 673 118 

1971 2,200 1,204 996 

1979 4,007 692 3,315 

19 73 A62 638 224 

1974 730 340 390 

1975 467 423 44 

1976 707 476 23 1 

1977 1,102 855 247 

1978 1,065 606 459 

1979 1,051 605 446 

1980 6,225 4,872 1,353 

Year 

All regions Central & Western Other 

total So. America Europe markets 

fhousanci hoard feei------ 

40 1,154 

93 644 

93 283 

62 718 

333 1,041 

49 595 

36 689 

7 592 

4 405 

109 442 

24 872 

i57 718 

165 396 

702 1,176 

Table A18.-Southcrn exports of wood panel products, 1967-80 

Veneer Plywood 

Year Particleboard 

Total Softwood Hardwood Total Softwood Hardwood Other' 

----------------------------------------thousand square feet.---------------------------------------- 

1967 13,124 140 12,984 13,542 10,592 2,579 37 1 128 

1968 47,770 517 47,253 15,324 11,755 3,019 559 99 

1969 69,814 788 69,026 15,165 11,566 3,077 522 85 

1970 27,711 227 27,484 13,273 9,934 2,370 969 47 

1971 71,491 2,453 69,038 10,771 7,432 1,261 2,078 174 

1972 87,950 393 87,557 12,261 8,931 2,405 925 455 

1973 119,895 8,436 111,459 31,356 26,616 3,154 1,586 223 

1974 114,888 3,718 111,170 51,076 44,890 2,956 3,180 562 

1975 139,290 12,257 127,033 34,642 27,017 5,652 1,973 1,472 

1976 189,545 13,743 175,802 44,284 29,680 9,280 5,324 3,158 

1977 201,350 24,568 176,782 32,063 14,976 9.750 7,337 12,232 

1978 362,146 32,914 329,232 24,052 19,062 3,774 1,216 5,528* 

1979 375,943 31,654 344,289 36,994 32,357 4,200 437 11,189 

1980 382,038 45,735 336,303 47,197 61,498 12,091 608 11,033 

?Includes cellular wood panels and non-wood faced plywood. 

*Estimate. Bureau of Census figures contain reporting errors, due to a change in measurement units in 1978. 
Table A19.-Southern exports oi Llenr7pr, by market, 1967-80 

All regions Europe Other 

Year 

total EEC Nordic+ Other markets 

------------ thousand square feet-------------- 

10,927 823 280 

28,188 822 3,141 

63,090 3,649 497 

26,172 273 431 

67,278 1,402 2,430 

73,225 2,206 10,909 

100,927 7,285 9,161 

98,032 4,868 5,922 

108,403 9,670 8,206 

160,265 14,411 11,739 

166,682 12,073 17,546 

296,404 13,609 24,430 

328,237 13,590 14,016 

333,949 10,069 15,055 

?Norway, Sweden, and Finland. 

Table A2O.-Southern exports of plywood, by market, 1967-80 

All regions South Europe Other 

Year totill Caribbean America EEC Other - Asia markets 

thousand square feet -------- 

80 2,113 12 

88 1,561 51 

118 1,697 149 

17 1,454 166 

23 227 37 

49 2,708 143 

290 17,346 258 

21 33,555 60 

511 16,124 146 

380 26,844 859 

445 14,410 750 

981 2,680 68 

1,384 16,085 509 

3,994 42,966 198 
Table A21.-Southern exports of particleboard and other reconstituted wood panel 

products, by market, 1967-80 

All regions South 

Year total Caribbean America Asia Other 

markets 

Table A22.-Southern exports of miscellaneous wood products, 1967-80 

All Fuelwood & Cooperage Builder's Prefab. Other 

Year products charcoal products woodwork structures products 

.............................. thousand dollars -------- 

16,592 15 10,587 2,261 

11,188 33 4,828 2,976 

12,023 39 3,975 3,680 

13,083 151 5,762 2,812 

12,302 308 6,371 1,834 

10,354 164 4,225 1,688 

10,308 94 3,234 2,774 

25,902 203 6,947 2,656 

16,377 384 3,323 3,475 

33,420 665 3,052 6,038 

56,737 994 2,354 6,988 

42,430 1,466 4,440 10,199 

55,220 2,509 7,232 11,594 

139,963 3,078 9,210 17,274 

+A single large shipment to Syria valued at $74 million accounts for the unusually large 

value for prefabricated structures in 1980. 
Wisdom, Harold W.; Granskog, James E.; Peeler, R. J., 111. 

Southern exports of wood products 1967-80. Res. Pap. 

SO-193. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station; 1983. 

20 p. 

Statistics for southern exports of solid wood productsroundwood, lumber, wood-based panels, and miscellaneous 

wood products-are presented for the years 1967 through 

1980. Overall, wood exports from the South have increased 

sharply since the mid 1970's. 

Additional keywords : Foreign trade, hardwood exports, 

softwood exports. 

C 

*U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1983. 669-085/%9