A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

Innovation for Our Energy Future 

Using CORE Model-Based 

Systems Engineering Software to 

Support Program Management in 

the U.S. Department of Energy 

Office of the Biomass Program 

Preprint 

C. Riley and D. Sandor 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

P. Simpkins 

Vitech Corporation

To be presented at the 17th International Symposium of the 

International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE 2007) 

San Diego, California 

June 24–28, 2007 

Conference Paper 

NREL/CP-150-40811 

November 2006 

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Using CORE Model-Based Systems Engineering 

Software to Support Program Management in the U.S. 

Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program 

Cynthia Riley, PE 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

1617 Cole Boulevard, MS-1722 

Golden, CO 80401-3393 

303-384-6870 

cynthia_riley@nrel.gov

Debra Sandor, PMP 

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

1617 Cole Boulevard, MS-1722 

Golden, CO 80401-3393 

303-275-3029 

debra_sandor@nrel.gov

Philip Simpkins, CSEP 

Vitech Corporation 

2826 Stokely Hill 

San Antonio, TX 78258 

210-267-1152 

psimpkins@vitechcorp.com

This publication is subject to government rights. 

Abstract. Biomass research has been a cornerstone of the U.S. Department of Energy’s 

(DOE’s) renewable energy development and deployment efforts during the last 25 years. Today, 

as the true cost of the nation’s reliance on imported oil becomes increasingly clear, the DOE 

Biomass Program is poised to bring biomass-derived biofuels to the market as a sustainable, 

domestic alternative to petroleum-derived fuels. To ensure that the program is focused on the 

activities critical to achieving this goal, the program is implementing systems engineering 

processes, practices, and tools to guide informed decision-making as biomass-to-biofuel systems 

are advanced from concept to commercial adoption. The program is using CORE, a ModelBased Systems Engineering (MBSE) software tool, to organize, coordinate, and document the 

program goals, milestones, and project tasks in a central repository. CORE is facilitating 

management and communication of program status, through the automated generation of 

accurate and up-to-date custom reports, Gantt charts, and tables in Microsoft Word, Microsoft 

Project, and Microsoft Excel formats, which are widely available to all program participants. 

1
Background 

 Over the next 20 years, energy consumption in the United States is projected to rise by 30 

percent, while domestic energy production is only expected to grow by 25 percent. Petroleum 

imports already supply more than 55 percent of U.S. domestic needs, and they are expected to 

exceed 62 percent by 2030 as worldwide oil demand continues to rise and domestic oil 

production continues to decline. This increased reliance on imported sources of energy threatens 

our national security, economy, and future competitiveness. 

 Biomass is the only domestic, sustainable, and renewable primary energy resource that 

can provide liquid transportation fuels currently produced from fossil sources. Biomass 

resources include agricultural and forest residues such as corn stover (stalks and leaves that 

remain after the corn grain is harvested), wheat straw and forest thinnings. Also included are 

non-edible perennial crops such as switchgrass and poplar, which can be grown as energy crops. 

It is estimated that the United States has the potential to produce up to 1.3 billion tons of biomass 

annually—equivalent to 30 percent of current petroleum consumption—sustainably, and without 

impacting food, feed, and fiber uses (Billion Ton Study 2005). 

 In his 2006 State of the Union Address, President Bush highlighted the role of biomass in 

reducing the nation’s future demand for oil and refined gasoline and diesel fuels. The President's 

near-term goal for biomass is “to foster the breakthrough technologies needed to make cellulosic 

ethanol cost-competitive with corn-based ethanol by 2012, enabling greater use of this 

alternative fuel to help reduce future U.S. oil consumption” (Advanced Energy Initiative 2006). 

To support this effort, dubbed the Biofuels Initiative, the President’s 2007 Budget increases the 

research funding for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Biomass Program by 65% to a total 

of $150 million. 

DOE Biomass Program 

 The Biomass Program has overall responsibility for managing DOE research, 

development, and demonstration (RD&D) activities relating to the use of renewable biomass for 

fuels, chemicals, and power production. The program’s overarching strategic goal is to develop 

“biorefinery-related technologies to the point that they are cost- and performance-competitive 

and are used by the nation’s transportation, chemical and power industries to meet their market 

objectives” (Multi-Year Plan 2005). 

 Biomass research has been a cornerstone of DOE’s renewable energy RD&D efforts over 

the last 25 years. Today, the unprecedented national visibility of cellulosic ethanol, in particular, 

and biofuels, in general, as viable alternatives to conventional transportation fuels puts the 

Biomass Program under greater pressure to produce measurable results than at any other time in 

its history. The monetary requirements for deployment will dwarf what has been spent on 

research, even over the last 25 years. The risks are high and the resources are limited. As the 

program moves forward with the deployment of full-scale biofuels systems, increasingly larger 

sums of government money will be spent on research and large-scale technology demonstrations. 

The Biomass Program has an obligation to make sure the money is spent properly on the right 

projects and that the projects are conducted in the best possible manner. 

2
Role of Systems Engineering in the Biomass Program 

 The Biomass Systems Integration Office (SIO) was established to implement the systems 

engineering processes, practices, and tools that will enable the program to meet the challenges of 

aligning RD&D efforts with the program’s strategic goals and directing funding to the efforts 

that offer the most promise. As the technical arm of the Biomass Program Management structure, 

SIO delivers independent and objective analyses, advice, and planning options that enable the 

program manager to make informed decisions as biomass systems are advanced from concept to 

commercial adoption. Specifically, SIO is tasked with (1) establishing, validating, and 

maintaining the integrated baseline as biomass technologies and systems are advanced from 

concept to commercial adoption, (2) providing consistent results of analyses to support 

programmatic decisions, and (3) verifying that technology and system designs meet program 

requirements. 

Biomass Program Management Structure 

 The DOE Biomass Program is organized around a research and development (R&D)-

based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and a resource-based Pathway Structure. This 

organization is designed to integrate the technology advancements from the R&D efforts into 

complete biorefinery systems. 

Research-Based WBS: Programmatic Baseline 

 The Biomass Program WBS comprises five RD&D technology elements, as illustrated in 

Figure 1: 

• Feedstock R&D. Development of new sustainable agricultural and feedstock 

infrastructure technologies and methods that will be required to supply lignocellusic 

feedstocks to future large-scale biorefineries. 

• Biochemical Conversion R&D. Fundamental and applied research and technology 

development for producing low-cost sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. 

• Thermochemical Conversion R&D. Fundamental and applied research and technology 

development for cost-effective, efficient thermochemical technologies for producing 

intermediate products (e.g., syngas, pyrolysis oil) from lignocellulosic biomass and 

biomass-derived biorefinery residues. 

• Products R&D. Investigation, evaluation, and demonstration of cost-effective fuels—as 

well as co-product, chemical, material, and heat and power production from process 

residues and intermediates— to improve overall biorefinery plant economics. 

• Integrated Biorefineries Demonstration. Pilot- and demonstration-scale evaluation of 

cost- and performance-competitive integrated biorefinery technologies through public–

private partnerships. 

3
DOE

Biomass 

Program

Feedstock Biochemical

Conversion

Thermochemical

Conversion Products IntegratedBiorefineries

DOE

Biomass 

Program

Feedstock Biochemical

Conversion

Thermochemical

Conversion Products IntegratedBiorefineries

Figure 1. DOE Biomass Program high-level Work Breakdown Structure 

Currently, the program uses this WBS to manage more than 150 projects conducted at 

universities, national laboratories, and in partnership with industry across the country. Detailed 

information on each of these projects—project tasks, milestones, stage of development, link to 

pathway, principal investigator, etc.—forms the basis of the Biomass Program’s programmatic 

baseline. 

Resource-Based Pathways: Technical Baseline 

 Because of the wide diversity of biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and 

potential products, these research elements can be combined in a multitude of biorefinery 

configurations. The Biomass Program has defined seven primary technology pathways to guide 

research efforts and identify key interfaces that will enable the establishment of commercially 

viable integrated biorefineries, as illustrated in Figure 2. 

Existing Corn Wet Mills

Biomass Feedstock Pathways Integrated 

Biorefineries

Existing Oil Seed Mills 

Agricultural Residue Processing

Perennial Energy Crops Processing

Existing Forest Products/Pulp and Paper Mills

Forest Residues Processing 

Integrated

Biorefineries

Existing Corn Dry Mills

Corn Grain

Corn Fiber Residue

Soybeans

Corn Stover

Wheat Straw

Rice Straw

Switchgrass

Hybrid Poplar

Bark

Hog Fuel

Black Liquor

Logging Residues

Forest Thinnings

Figure 2. Resource-based conversion pathways 

4
These technology pathways are linked to the U.S. biomass resource base, existing segments 

of today’s bio-industry when possible, and future bio-industry market segments where 

envisioned. Each pathway represents a generic set of potential biorefinery configurations for a 

specific biomass resource base. Within each pathway there are multiple viable alternative routes 

to biofuels production. 

 

The performance and cost targets specified for each of the seven resource-based pathways, 

along with the strategic goals and barriers identified in the program’s Multi-Year Program Plan

(Multi-Year Plan 2005), form the basis of the Biomass Program’s technical baseline. 

WBS-Pathway Matrix: Integrated Baseline 

 The pathway framework for biorefinery deployment provides the management structure 

and processes for integrating advanced technologies being developed by the R&D elements to 

achieve the program mission. The pathway matrix in Figure 3 illustrates how the research-based 

WBS elements map to the resource-based pathways. 

Feedstock

R&D

Biochemical

R&D

Thermochemical

R&D

Products

R&D (Fuels Focus)

Corn

Corn Fiber

Program Outputs

•Residual Starch Conversion

•Fiber Conversion

•New Fractionation Process

•Fuels from C5/C6 Sugars

•Fuels from Oils

Improved corn wet mill 

processes

Corn Wet Mill 

Improvements

Element 

Strategic 

Goals 

Corn

Corn Fiber

Other Grains

Corn Dry Mill 

Improvements

Corn Stover

Wheat Straw

Rice Straw

Other Residues

Agricultural 

Residue 

Processing

•Biomass Sugar Production

•New Fractionation Process

•Biomass Gasification

•Lignin Gasification

•Fuels from C5/C6 Sugars

•Fuels from Lignin

•Fuels from Synthesis Gas

•Fuels from Process Intermediates

Program Elements

Develop sustainable 

technologies to supply 

biomass to biorefineries 

Develop technologies to 

produce low-cost sugars 

from lignocelluosic biomass 

Program Strategic Goal

Develop cost-competitive 

biorefinery technologies for 

the nation’s transportation, 

chemical and power industries

Integrated Biorefineries

Pathways

Natural Oils 

Improvements

•Fuels from Oils

•Fuels from Glycerol

Soybeans

Other Oil Crops

•Residual Starch Conversion

•DDG Conversion

•New Fractionation Process

•Fuels from C5/C6 Sugars

Perennial

•Grasses

•Woody Crops

Energy Crops 

Processing

•Biomass Sugar Production

•New Fractionation Process

•Biomass Gasification

•Lignin Gasification

•Fuels from C5/C6 Sugars

•Fuels from Lignin

•Fuels from Synthesis Gas

•Fuels from Process Intermediates

•Mill Wastes

•Wood

Pulp and Paper 

Mill 

Improvements

•New Fractionation Process

for hemiicellulose removal •Fuels from C5/C6 Sugars

•Fuels from BL Syngas

•Mill Wastes

•Wood

Forest Products Mill 

Improvements

•Fuels from Synthesis Gas

•Fuels from Bio-oil •Biomass Gasification

•Biomass Pyrolysis

Develop technologies to 

produce chemical building 

blocks from biomass

Develop technologies to 

produce fuels, chemicals and 

power from bio-based sugars 

and chemical building blocks

Improved corn dry mill 

processes

Improved natural oil mill 

processes

New agricultural residues 

to fuel processes

New perennial energy 

crops to fuel processes

Improved pulp and paper 

mill processes

Improved forest products 

mill processes

•Black Liquor Gasification

•Biomass Gasification

•Biomass Pyrolysis

New forest residues to 

fuel processes

•Logging Residues

•Forest Thinnings

Forest Residues 

Processing

•Fuesl from C5/C6 Sugars

•Fuels from Synthesis Gas

•Fuels from Bio-oil

•Biomass Gasification

•Biomass Pyrolysis

•Biomass Sugar Production

•New Fractionation Process

Figure 3. Biomass Program RD&D pathway matrix 

5
 This matrix links the WBS project information (scope of work, schedule, and cost) with 

the pathways (system configuration, performance, and characteristics) and forms the basis of the 

Biomass Program’s integrated baseline. 

CORE Database as a Tool for Managing the Biomass Program 

The SIO uses CORE, a computer-assisted systems engineering support tool, to organize, 

coordinate, and document the integrated baseline development efforts. It captures the complete 

set of requirements, functions, strategies, technologies, inputs, and outputs in a central 

repository. The CORE software provides the Biomass Program Management with the necessary 

requirements for traceability to establish a defensible basis for budget estimates and technical 

decisions. In addition, this software allows program organization and efforts to be viewed from a 

variety of perspectives through automatic generation of standard reports, tables, and diagrams. In 

addition, custom scripts can be developed to import and export data and information through 

Microsoft Office products—Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Project, and Microsoft Word—which 

streamlines the production of program-specific periodic standardized reports and schedules. 

CORE Biomass Model 

A simplified representation of the CORE model developed for the Biomass Program is 

presented in Figure 4. This diagram highlights the traceability of the information back to its 

source document and shows the key relationships between the model components (or 

“elements”). This system establishes the framework to document and verify all aspects of the 

integrated baseline. 

6
basis of/

based on resolved by

Risk

(Barriers)

Organization

Requirements

(A/B Milestones)

Document (MYPP)

Projects (AOP)

Program Activities 

(Pathway Activities)

fulfills/

fulfilled by

Program Elements 

(MYPP WBS)

Project

Milestones

(C/D/E)

fulfills/

fulfilled by

Program 

Decision Points

(C Milestones; 

Stage Go/No-Go;

Downselects)

fulfills/

fulfilled by

performs/

allocated to

October 04, 2006

performs/

allocated to

includes/

included in

FY06 AOP

documented by

documents documents

refined by/

refines

utilizes

Component

accomplished by

Budget 

Summary

used in

generates

Issue

Program 

Area

categorized 

by

Accomplishes/

accomplished by

assigned to

includes

Requirement

specifies/

specified by

Figure 4. CORE biomass model elements and relationships 

Importing Data into CORE 

Working closely with DOE management, an Excel template was developed to collect project 

information directly from the principal investigator of each project. Excel was selected for this 

application because of its widespread availability and use. The template captures project 

objectives, tasks, milestones, budget, organizations involved, contract numbers, principal 

investigator, links to pathways and barriers, and DOE contacts, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. 

7
Figure 5. Project Information Template, Sections A and B 

Figure 6. Project Information Template, Section C 

8
Custom scripts were developed to import the project information from the Excel files into the 

predefined database of CORE. Importing data into CORE is implemented by the CORE commaseparated variable (CSV) interlink and provides traceability of the requirements within CORE. 

Exporting Files from CORE 

To supplement the standard scripts within CORE that export data to interactive html files and 

standard data tables, custom scripts were written to provide data in Word, Excel, and Project file 

formats as specified by the DOE Biomass Program. 

The scripts for the custom Word output extract selected project data from the CORE database 

and output to the formats defined by DOE. The script is flexible and allows selection of one 

project or a group of projects to meet a variety of DOE requests for information. 

The scripts for exporting to Excel and Project pull selected data into CSV files that can be 

imported into the final application to output the desired reports and forms. The Excel export 

script exports the information from CORE into the same pre-formatted Excel worksheet used to 

collect project information from the principal investigators. The Project export script transfers 

the scheduling information (dates) that reside in CORE into the Project program for presentation 

in Gantt or PERT chart formats. 

These custom scripts serve to automate the generation of a number of ongoing reports 

required by the Biomass Program. Pre-formatted custom status reports, schedules, and Word 

files can be generated to accurately and efficiently meet program management needs. 

Future Plans for CORE Biomass Model 

The CORE biomass model is a work in progress. The first efforts to import project data have 

been successfully completed. For the next steps, the Biomass Program plans to import analysis 

results, project status reports, external reviews, and risk assessments into the CORE database. 

Summary 

The DOE Biomass Program is taking on the challenge of advancing biomass technologies 

and systems from concept to commercial adoption. Systems engineering approaches and tools, 

such as the CORE MBSE software, are facilitating management and communication of program 

activities, milestones, and strategic goals among all program participants. The CORE model 

aides program management by: 

• Establishing and maintaining links among program goals, projects, platforms, and 

pathways 

• Automatically generating schedules and status reports 

• Allowing access to up-to-date program information in useful, easy-to-understand 

standard formats 

• Allowing import from and export to tools that are widely available to all program 

participants (Microsoft Word, Excel, and Project) 

With the proper tools in place, the Biomass Program Management Team can make informed 

decisions regarding prioritization and utilization of limited resources to achieve the program’s goals. 

9
References 

Advanced Energy Initiative. National Economic Council, The White House, February 2006 

(http://www.whitehouse.gov/stateoftheunion/2006/energy/). 

Biomass as Feedstock for a Bioenergy and Bioproducts Industry: The Technical Feasibility of a 

Billion-Ton Annual Supply. U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

April 2005 (http://feedstockreview.ornl.gov/pdf/billion_ton_vision.pdf). 

Multi-Year Program Plan: 2007-2012. Office of the Biomass Program, Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, August 31, 2005 

(http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/mypp.pdf). 

Biography 

Cynthia Riley, PE 

Ms. Riley has experience in the energy and environmental industries and expertise in the analysis 

and evaluation of emerging alternative energy technologies. She has over 28 years of experience, 

including alternative energy research with Exxon, process design engineering with Fluor and 

Raytheon, and research engineering and management at NREL. During her 16 years at NREL, 

she has worked on DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy programs, including Biofuels 

and Biomass, Clean Cities, and Energy Policy Act implementation. She is currently the Biomass 

Program lead systems integrator within the recently established Systems Integration Office, 

which is charged with implementing systems engineering within the DOE Office of Biomass 

Program. She holds a BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of New Hampshire and is 

a Registered PE (Colorado). 

Debra Sandor, PMP

Ms. Sandor has over nine years of process engineering experience in both manufacturing and 

R&D organizations. She has a range of hands-on and theoretical experience, including scaling up 

pilot-scale operations to full-scale production processes, process evaluation and validation, 

modeling of conceptual processes, and program and personnel management. She is the lead 

systems engineer for the newly established Systems Integration Office. Her current 

responsibilities include developing and maintaining the program’s integrated baseline. She holds 

a BS in Chemical Engineering from the University of Florida. 

Philip Simpkins, CSEP 

Mr. Simpkins has over 15 years of collective experience in the areas of nuclear/chemical process 

operations, systems engineering, and nuclear safety analysis. During his 13+ years at the 

Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site, Mr. Simpkins had a demonstrated track record in 

applying project management tools to support a mission-essential design. He has developed an 

extensive knowledge in the systems engineering approach using functions and requirements 

analysis, risk management, interface management, and analytical software. Mr. Simpkins is an 

INCOSE Certified System Engineering Professional (CSEP). He holds an M.S. in Engineering 

Management and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Missouri-Rolla. 

 

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Using CORE Model-Based systems Engineering Software to 

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14. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)

This paper describes how a model-based systems engineering software, CORE, is helping the U. S. Department of 

Energy's Office of Biomass Program assist with bringing biomass-derived biofuels to the market. This software tool 

provides information to guide informed decision-making as biomass-to-biofuels systems are advanced from concept 

to commercial adoption. It facilitates management and communication of program status by automatically generating 

custom reports, Gantt charts, and tables using the widely available programs of Microsoft Word, Project and Excel. 

15. SUBJECT TERMS

Systems engineering; biomass fuels; biofuels; model-based systems engineering; automated reports 

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