Search and Rescue

NOAA SARSAT4231 Suitland RoadSuitland, MD 20746301-817-4515Toll-free 888-212-7283 (SAVE)www.sarsat.noaa.govNESDIS Education and OutreachSSMC-11335 East-West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910-3282301-713-9604 (Education)301-713-1127 (Outreach)www.nesdis.noaa.govMedia Information and InterviewsSSMC-11335 East-West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910-3282301-713-1265www.noaa.gov(Scroll down to Public Affairs)Library ServicesNOAA Library and Information Services DivisionSSMC-31315 East-West Highway, 2nd FloorSilver Spring, MD 20910-3282301-713-2607, ext. 124www.lib.noaa.govEEO and Diversity InformationSSMC-11335 East-West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910-3282301-713-3387www.nesdis.noaa.gov/About/Diversity/diversity.html

2006 

ONTACTS

National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)828-271-4800www.ncdc.noaa.govNational Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)303-497-6826www.ngdc.noaa.govNational Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) 301-713-3277www.nodc.noaa.govNational Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC) 866-732-2382www.ncddc.noaa.govCenter for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)301-763-8127www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/starOffi ce of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution (OSDPD)301-457-5120www.osdpd.noaa.govOffi ce of Satellite Operations (OSO)301-817-4000 www.oso.noaa.govOffi ce of Systems Development (OSD)301-457-5277www.osd.noaa.govGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Series R (GOES-R) Program301-286-3033osd.goes.noaa.govNational Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Offi ce (IPO)301-713-4850www.ipo.noaa.govOffi ce of Space Commercialization (OSC)202-482-6125www.nesdis.noaa.gov/spaceOffi ces of the Chief Financial Offi cer (CFO) and Chief Administrative Offi cer 

(CAO), Chief Information Offi cer (CIO), and Chief of Staff (COS)301-713-3578www.nesdis.noaa.govCommercial Remote Sensing Compliance and Monitoring Program (CRSCMP)

NOAA Satellite & Information Service

1335 East-West Highway, 8th Floor

Silver Spring, MD 20910
NOAA’S VISION

An informed society that uses a comprehensive understanding 

of the role of the oceans, coasts, and atmosphere in the global 

ecosystem to make the best social and economic decisions.

NOAA’S MISSION

To understand and predict changes in the Earth’s environment 

and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to 

meet our Nation’s economic, social, and environmental needs.

NOAA SATELLITE AND INFORMATION SERVICE

NESDIS Accomplishments Report 2006 Acknowledgments| Layout & Artistic Design: Marc Pulliam| Technical Writers/Editors: Mindy 

Gaines, Tara Mairs| Special thanks to the Communications Team and NESDIS Headquarters Staff for their input and review. 
1

From The Assistant Administrator

Dear Colleagues and Friends of NOAA’s Satellite and Information Service:

2006 has been an exciting year as NOAA’s Satellite and Information Service (NESDIS) continued to 

be an international leader in changing the way integrated environmental observations and information are captured, managed, stored, shared, and used to benefi t the world. We are pleased that we 

have been an integral part in supporting NOAA’s mission and vision this year, and we look forward 

to continuing this journey in 2007.

NESDIS experienced both accomplishments and challenges in 2006. We successfully launched and 

completed checkout testing of our newest geostationary satellite, called GOES-13; this satellite will 

help ensure continuity of geostationary satellite data, which is critical to severe weather and tropical 

storm forecasting and monitoring. We started moving into our new world-class satellite operations 

facility while still maintaining continuous operation of all our satellites. We improved the products 

we provide to the public and access to archived information. For example, we now offer improved 

access to key National Weather Service datasets, provide one-stop data shopping for environmental 

information for the Gulf Coast region, and continue to provide Digital Elevation Models for coastal 

regions to support the accuracy of tsunami inundation modeling projects. In addition, we are continually working with the user community and the public to improve the products we develop and provide. 

This year we also worked closely with our international partners, moving one of our geostationary 

satellites to enable improved monitoring and forecasting in South and Central America.

NOAA continues to move ahead with two major future satellite acquisition programs: the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Series-R (GOES-R) program and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), a joint endeavor with our partners at 

the Department of Defense and NASA. Both programs are challenging, and we are dedicated to 

maintaining continuity of data between our current satellite programs and these future programs. In 

addition, we must continue to look at data archives and access systems needed to improve the utility 

of data we preserve for the public.

I have been at NOAA for a year now, and I am continually impressed with the quality and dedication 

of the NOAA employees. I hope you enjoy reading about our accomplishments as they demonstrate 

the dedication of the hard-working NESDIS team. I look forward to working with our team and our 

national and international partners as we continue to improve in 2007. 

Mary E. Kicza

Assistant Administrator for Satellite and Information Services

1
2

Hurricanes in the Atlantic and Pacifi c -

Kristy, John, and Ernesto - August 31, 2006
3
4

Supporting 

the NOAA 

Mission

Current Spacecraft

GOES-13 Launched

A new NOAA Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), 

GOES-13, was successfully 

launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, 

Florida, on May 24, 2006. 

This satellite will supply 

data critical for fast, accurate forecasts and warnings for severe weather, 

including tornadoes, winter 

storms, and hurricanes. In 

addition, it will detect solar storm activity, which can adversely affect power grids, 

communication systems, and space travelers; relay distress 

signals from emergency beacons; provide ocean surface 

temperature data to fi shermen and climatologists; and scan 

the landscape for the latest drought and fl ood conditions, 

improving the Nation’s ability to forecast weather and monitor environmental conditions. GOES-13 is in on-orbit storage and is ready to replace one of the two operational 

geostationary satellites (GOES-11 and GOES-12) when 

necessary.

Launch of MetOp-A Marks Major Milestone in 

U.S.-European Cooperation

A major milestone in the U.S.-European Initial Joint Polar 

System (IJPS), a joint NOAA and European Organisation for 

the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) 

system, was reached in October 2006 with the launch of 

MetOp-A, the fi rst European polar-orbiting meteorological 

satellite. MetOp-A is the fi rst in a series of three satellites that will provide operational meteorological data until 

2020. A key component of the partnership involves the 

MetOp series carrying important NOAA instruments, and 

NOAA fl ying a European instrument on its polar-orbiting 

satellites.

NOAA Supports Launch and Operation of New 

Military Weather Satellite

A new satellite for the Defense Meteorological Satellite 

Program (DMSP-17) was launched from California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base on November 4, 2006. Due to 

similarities to NOAA’s Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), NOAA is able to provide satellite 

commanding and data processing support to the Air Force 

DMSP program, reducing the overall cost to U.S. taxpayers. Information from these satellites is used in planning and 

conducting U.S. military operations worldwide.

NOAA’s mission is to 

understand and predict 

changes in the Earth’s environment and conserve 

and manage coastal and 

marine resources to meet 

our Nation’s economic, 

social, and environmental 

needs. NESDIS supports 

this mission through its 

current and future satellite programs and data 

management endeavors.
5

Future Spacecraft

National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite 

System Program Restructured

In June 2006, the Tri-Agency (Department of Commerce, 

Department of Defense, and NASA) National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) 

program completed a congressionally mandated NunnMcCurdy certifi cation, a process to examine and limit the 

cost growth of a project. During this process, all aspects 

of the program were examined, and a new path forward 

was created. Through this restructured NPOESS program, 

continuity of satellite data will be maintained to benefi t the 

civilian, scientifi c, and military communities, saving lives and 

money by improving weather prediction, forecasting and 

modeling, search and rescue efforts, peacekeeping activities, and disaster relief. NPOESS is currently in the development phase. Instruments are being built and tested, and 

teams of scientists are addressing technical issues encountered during this highly challenging stage in the program.

Geostationary Satellites Advance: Series R Moves Forward

In 2014, NOAA will launch the third generation of its geostationary satellites: GOES-R. GOES-R will provide new 

and improved atmospheric, oceanic, climatic, solar, and 

space data. This new satellite series will scan the Earth 

nearly fi ve times faster than the current GOES, providing 

television meteorologists, private weather companies, the 

aviation and agriculture communities, and national and international government agencies with about one hundred 

times the amount of data currently provided. GOES-R is 

currently in the acquisition phase, and independent teams of 

respected industry and government scientists are examining 

all aspects of the program to ensure that GOES-R meets its 

goals.

Data Management

Enhanced Online Data Management System

The Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System 

(CLASS), an online data management system, gives users 

faster and easier access to environmental data collected 

and maintained by NOAA. During 2006, the CLASS project 

team worked on a pilot project that will demonstrate long 

term secure storage of data. CLASS will enhance the safety 

and security of NOAA’s archives and enable those archives 

to be available to the public for many years. In addition, it 

is expected that CLASS will improve data discovery and delivery mechanisms for public use by streamlining the access 

strategy and supporting additional satellite data streams, 

environmental sensor data, data from buoys, plus geophysical and solar environmental data.

Moving to NOAA’s New World Class Satellite 

Operations Facility

During 2006, many NESDIS programs, including GOES and 

5

POES mission systems, moved to the new NOAA Satellite 

Operations Facility (NSOF), while continuously operating 

24/7. NSOF allows greater integration of NOAA’s satellite 

operations and supporting programs by collocating them 

in a state of the art facility. This facility houses fi ve mission 

critical systems and a satellite operations center that operates around the clock, 365 days a year. NSOF also contains 

the U.S. Mission Control Center for the Search and Rescue 

Satellite-aided Tracking (SARSAT) program and the 

National Ice Center (NIC). Critical communications 

infrastructure and antenna systems are installed at 

NSOF, and all programs are expected to be working out of the new facility in early 2007.

Global Earth Observation System 

of Systems

Geostationary Satellite Moved to Further Global 

Observation System

As part of the United States contribution to the international Global Earth Observation System of 

Systems (GEOSS), NOAA repositioned a geostationary satellite, GOES-10, over South America 

to provide better meteorological coverage for 

the region. In addition to increasing NOAA’s 

ability to track eastern Atlantic hurricanes, the 

move helps South American meteorological 

centers improve weather forecasting and demonstrates the goals of the intergovernmental 

Group on Earth Observations (GEO). Shifting 

GOES-10 will also help protect lives and property in North, Central, and South America by 

signifi cantly improving satellite detection of 

such natural hazards as severe storms, fl oods, 

drought, landslides, volcanic ash clouds, and 

wildfi res.

Progress Achieved on GEONETCast Initiative

GEONETCast is a cooperative effort among 

many nations and organizations that will 

improve world-wide access to information 

about the Earth and its environment. The 

objective of this global network is to link 

GEOSS data providers with users while 

minimizing costs and the technology

required to access the information. With 

a 24/7 data stream, GEONETCast will 

provide information critical to efforts 

such as disaster mitigation and agriculture management. In 2006, GEONETCast demonstrated technical capability at more than seven venues, including 

the 3rd GEO Plenary meeting in 

November.
6

Managing Our 

Ecosystems

Supporting the Gulf 

Coast Region

Using Ocean Science and 

Technology in the Gulf

As part of the Subcommittee on Integrated Management of Ocean Resources 

(SIMOR), NESDIS teamed 

with the Southeast Fisheries 

Science Center and other 

Federal, state, and academic agencies to facilitate the use of ocean science and technology in the 

northern Gulf of Mexico. This ecosystem data service integrates and tailors data so state coastal and marine resource 

managers and the public can access a complete source of 

information that includes resources and habitat characteristics. For example, using interactive mapping, commercial 

fi shermen can locate critical habitat for protected species as 

well as fi nd regulatory boundaries for species harvesting in 

the Gulf of Mexico.

Dead Zone Maps Published for the Gulf of Mexico

From June 9 through mid-July, scientists from NOAA’s National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC) and 

the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service posted maps 

online showing dissolved oxygen near the sea fl oor from 

Texas to Louisiana and identifying hypoxia areas or “dead 

zones,” a condition of very low oxygen levels. Near-realtime dead zone information helps minimize the economic impacts to marine resources. With this information, fi shermen, 

decision makers, and the public can monitor agricultural 

practices that affect marine oxygen levels and the annual 

cycle of hypoxia development.

Supporting Gulf States Alliance

NCDDC was a key participant in the implementation of 

the Gulf States Alliance Governors’ Action Plan. The Gulf 

States Alliance is a consortium of the fi ve Gulf of Mexico 

states (Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas). 

This past year, NCDDC supported the Gulf State Alliance 

efforts to build a digital library and pilot a spatial data 

viewer for the Gulf region. In addition, NCDDC supported 

the Priority Habitat Information System (PHINS), a state/

Federal partnership intended to provide users with habitat 

information and geospatial data.

Monitoring and Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms

In a continuing effort to improve harmful algal bloom (HAB) 

detection and forecasting in the United States and Gulf 

of Mexico States, NESDIS hosts the Harmful Algal Blooms 

Observing System (HABSOS). On September 12, 2006, 

NOAA issued the fi rst Harmful Algal Bloom Bulletin for the

6

During 2006, NESDIS 

made signifi cant strides in 

managing the Nation’s ecosystems. Several of these 

improvements and new programs focused on supporting the Gulf Coast region, 

monitoring our coral reefs, 

and enhancing ocean science.
7

south Texas coast, introducing a new operational capability 

for the western Gulf of Mexico. HABSOS and other NOAA

operational services for HAB monitoring and forecasting directly benefi t marine resource management and the fi shing 

industry.

Designing a Regional Ecosystem Portal

NCDDC created a regional ecosystem website designed 

to be both a gateway to and a management system for

diverse, distributed coastal data. This website provides 

an overview of ecosystem management; access to NOAA’s 

nine ecosystem programs; links to an array of environmental information and projects; and access to Gulf of Mexico 

regional observing systems. Of particular interest is the 

Coastal/Marine Ecological Classifi cation Standard (CMECS) 

prototype, which facilitates data discovery and access.

Severe Weather Planning and Preparation Information 

Website Created

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and in preparation 

for future hurricane seasons, NCDDC developed the comprehensive Coastal Studies, Information, and Data for the 

Ecosystem (C-SIDE) website. Since the National Weather 

Service (NWS) has predicted increased tropical activity 

over the next decade, public access to hurricane-related 

information is vital. C-SIDE provides direct links to local, 

state, and Federal information about severe weather preparation, monitoring, and impacts across the Gulf of Mexico 

coastal region as well as recommendations for home preparation and evacuation, time-sensitive weather products, and 

storm surge data. This website will also include post-storm 

assessment, response, and recovery products, information, 

and services for Gulf Coast residents, offering access to 

critical information before, during, and after tropical events 

in the Gulf of Mexico.

Hurricane Katrina Impact Assessment Website

The effects of Hurricane Katrina continue to reverberate 

along the Gulf Coast and throughout the Nation. The Hurricane Katrina Impact Assessment website provides ecosystem 

studies, information, and data that has been produced since 

the storm. This website includes interactive maps with recent 

coastal and ocean observations. Data includes in situ sensor 

information, coastal circulation modeling, post-Katrina survey data, and photogrammetry, including fi xed-wing photography and satellite imagery.

Coral Reefs

Coral Reef Watch in the Field and Online

In the fall of 2005, major bleaching of coral reefs occurred 

in the Caribbean Sea. Coral bleaching is a biological response to environmental stress whereby the colored algae 

that live in the corals’ tissues are expelled, leaving the coral looking bleached. In response to this event, Coral Reef 

Watch began a data collection effort that has continued 

throughout 2006, resulting in the most well-documented 

mass bleaching event in history. The ongoing analyses will 

benefi t researchers, managers, and stakeholders, aiding in 

preparations for future events. Over the past year, Coral 

Reef Watch has collected over 3,000 observations in the 

wider Caribbean region, from 50 observers in 28 countries, 

states, and territories. Many sites reported from 90 to 100 

percent of their corals bleached and 50 percent or more 

mortality of corals. In addition, coral reef managers and 

scientists around the world can now receive the latest data 

on thermal stress, which can cause bleaching of coral reefs, 

in the fl exible new Google Earth format. Google Earth, 

an excellent visualization tool, helps to enliven the data of 

NOAA’s Coral Reef Watch. These products give coastal 

managers, researchers, and stakeholders advance warning 

of one to three weeks for bleaching events, allowing them 

time to prepare for and respond to coral bleaching.

Coral Reef Information System Upgrades

The National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) manages the NOAA Coral Reef Information System (CoRIS), which 

provides web-based access to NOAA coral data and information. CoRIS collects metadata that describe coral data; 

links to online data, products, and publications; and documents instruments and procedures that are vital for long term 

monitoring of datasets. CoRIS provides coral data products 

such as coral bleaching alerts and Coral Reef Watch information. In 2006, improvements to the CoRIS website search 

tool included adding a feature to the text search as well 

as adding new map search layers. In addition, upgrades 

to the CoRIS Library pages now provide improved system 

capabilities for integrated searches of 1,098 publications 

in the NOAA Central Library.

Ocean Science

Ocean Biology Products Processed and Distributed

In June 2006, the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and OSDPD began to process and distribute 

ocean biology products for coastal U.S. waters using satellite observations. Products, such as chlorophyll concentration and ocean color, represent 

the fi rst satellite-derived 
8

biological products generated by NESDIS for coastal 

and open ocean waters. This information is used to 

monitor HABs, assess regional water quality, and locate suitable habitat for fi sh and other important marine species.

World Ocean Database Upgraded

The newly upgraded World Ocean Database 2005 

(WOD05), released by NODC, is the largest collection of quality-controlled ocean profi le data available 

internationally without restriction. The ocean and climate scientifi c communities use these datasets to describe and study the ocean. In addition, forecasters 

use these databases to verify the accuracy of realtime oceanographic data.

NOAA CoastWatch Launches the East Coast Node

NOAA CoastWatch provides ocean remote sensing 

data for the entire coast line of the United States and 

the Great Lakes. In June 2006, CoastWatch launched 

the East Coast Node at the NOAA Chesapeake Bay 

offi ce. This new node provides online access to a range 

of diverse data from multiple satellites, including sea 

surface temperature, ocean surface winds, and levels 

of chlorophyll-a in the water. Scientists, resource managers, and fi shermen use this data to forecast atmospheric events, predict HABs, and detect the presence 

and distribution of fi sh and marine mammals. With 

CoastWatch products, fi shermen can fi nd fi sh in less 

time; public health authorities have advance warning of toxic waters; and 

ships receive timely sea 

condition forecasts.

5

Image of chlorophyll concentrations in the Gulf of Mexico on 

October 29, 2006. Higher chlorophyll concentrations near the 

coasts indicate more phytoplankton (small fl oating ocean plants). 

This data was made available by 

NOAA CoastWatch.
9

Predicting 

Climate 

Variability

and Change

Access to Data

Data Center Tracks Rapid Arctic Sea Ice Retreat

Researchers at the National Geophysical Data Center’s 

(NGDC’s) affi liated National Snow and Ice Data Center 

(NSIDC) closely tracked the 2006 Arctic sea ice summer 

retreat—the second lowest minimum recorded since 1978. 

The lowest summer sea ice minimum was in September 2005. 

To improve public access to snow and ice data, NSIDC now 

provides commentary with graphics, maps, and images for 

any month and for both hemispheres. Average temperatures over most of the Arctic Ocean from January through 

July 2006 were 1 to 4 degrees Celsius above normal, and 

sea ice melted relatively rapidly at the beginning of the 

melt season. Declining sea ice affects arctic animals and 

the Earth’s climate.

Global Vegetation Index Improved

An improved land surface and vegetation dataset for 

the world’s landscape was developed using 25 years of 

data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 

(AVHRR) instrument on NOAA’s polar-orbiting satellites. 

These data are used to calculate vegetation indices, including the Global Vegetation Index (GVI). This new dataset 

enhances the ability of GVI to detect long term trends in 

vegetation cover and monitor droughts, temperature, and 

moisture effects on the health of vegetation and degradation of land, including deforestation and desertifi cation.

Climate Database Modernization Program Expanded

NOAA’s Climate Database 

Modernization Program 

(CDMP) has completed its 

seventh year of rescuing 

NOAA’s climate and environmental data in danger 

of decay or being lost. 

The demand for rapid and 

complete access to global 

climate data by researchers and global change scientists was key in establishing CDMP. In 2006, over 

four million CDMP hourly 

weather records were integrated into the National Climatic 

Data Center’s (NCDC’s) digital database, extending records 

into the 1890s and giving users a more complete picture of 

the environment.

Climate Science

Reconciling Signifi cant Differences in Lower Atmosphere 

Temperature Trends

The fi rst Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) Synthesis 

and Assessment Report, “Temperature Trends in the Lower 

Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding and Reconciling Dif9

Understanding climate variability and 

change is critical to 

many aspects of our 

daily lives. NESDIS 

strives toward this goal 

through improving access to data for scientists, policy makers, 

and the public and supporting critical climate 

science.
1010

ferences,” was released on May 2, 2006. 

This report concludes that there is no longer 

a signifi cant discrepancy between global 

temperatures measured at the surface with 

in situ observing systems and those measured 

in the troposphere by satellites and weather 

balloons. Previous temperature discrepancies in surface and upper-air observations 

sometimes called into question the validity of 

climate models, but new evidence of a warming upper and lower troposphere supports 

the presence of a substantial human impact 

on global temperature increases.

Microwave Sounder Unit Observes Temperature 

Trend in Atmosphere

The global-average air temperature at the 

Earth’s surface is believed to be warming at 

about 0.17 degree Kelvin (K) per decade. 

However, the scientifi c community is debating 

whether the main part of the atmosphere (the 

troposphere) is warming or cooling largely 

because the observed temperature from the 

Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) on NOAA 

polar-orbiting satellites has shown almost no 

trend in some previous studies. After re-calibrating MSU and producing a new, more accurate dataset, the globally averaged temperature trend of the troposphere over the 

ocean was recorded as 0.20 degree K per decade, from 

1987 to 2003. This trend value suggests that the troposphere is warming slightly faster than the Earth’s surface.

New Hurricane Satellite Dataset Facilitates Climate Research

Working with scientists at the University of Wisconsin, NCDC 

developed a new hurricane satellite dataset that captures 

satellite observations of tropical cyclones worldwide, in all 

ocean basins from 1983 to 2005. Research using the data 

will improve our understanding of the impact of climate 

variability and change on tropical cyclones. Also, this data 

will potentially improve seasonal storm forecasts to help 

emergency planners, save lives, and provide policy makers 

with more tools for future hurricane season plans.

Above: Image of arctic temperature anomalies. Average temperatures over 

most of the Arctic Ocean from January through July 2006 were 1 to 4 degrees 

Celsius above normal. The scale goes from red for temperatures strongly 

above average to blue/purple for temperatures strongly below average. 

These anomalies show temperatures compared to the average for 1968 to 

1996. Dark blue outlines indicate landmasses.
11 Providing 

Weather

and Water 

Information

Hurricanes

Keeping an Eye on Storms

During the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane season, one of the most 

devastating and busiest storm seasons in recorded history, 

the two satellite antennas at the National Weather Service (NWS) National Hurricane Center (NHC) were heavily damaged by Hurricane Wilma; one antenna was totally 

destroyed. As a result, installing a new “hurricane-proof” 

satellite antenna prior to the start of the 2006 Hurricane 

season became a high priority for NOAA.

To ensure NHC had an operational antenna when the 2006 

Hurricane season started, the Offi ce of Systems Development (OSD) moved an antenna from NOAA’s Suitland Operations Facility to replace the destroyed antenna. In addition, they rebuilt the second antenna. OSD also procured 

and installed a third antenna that is “hurricane-proof,” which 

became fully operational on August 1, 2006. Because of 

this excellent teamwork, NHC now has three satellite antennas that communicate with geostationary satellites and a 

new hurricane rated system capable of surviving hurricaneforce winds while keeping an unceasing, watchful eye on 

storms.

Saharan Dust Storms May Suppress Hurricane Activity

Many researchers look toward global warming to explain 

year-to-year changes in tropical storm activity. However, 

University of WisconsinMadison and NESDIS scientists have found a new possible cause for the variability 

of these tropical storms: dust 

storms from Africa. Large 

dust plumes (clouds) from the 

Saharan desert may suppress hurricane formation 

and growth in the Atlantic 

Ocean. Using data from the 

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 

instrument on the NOAA polar-orbiting satellites (a record that is 25 years long), scientists discovered that few hurricanes formed in years with 

large amounts of Saharan dust over the Atlantic, while more 

and stronger tropical storms appeared in years with little 

dust activity. Saharan dust storms, which were numerous in 

the summer of 2006, may also explain why so few tropical 

storms formed in 2006. This information may increase the 

accuracy of seasonal predictions of hurricane activity.

Tsunamis

Maps Created for DARTTM Buoy Planning

The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) created 20 

custom bathymetric (ocean bottom relief) contour maps for 

In 2006, NESDIS continued to serve society’s 

weather and water information needs by providing data for forecasting, monitoring, and 

preparing for weather 

events including hurricanes and tsunamis.

 
12

NOAA’s National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). These maps 

are used in shore-side survey planning for proposed Deepocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DARTTM) buoy 

locations, saving ship time and taxpayer dollars on deployment and allowing these buoys to be placed well in regions 

that would otherwise be poorly mapped. DARTTM buoys 

are used to estimate water levels in the deep ocean.

DARTTM Bottom Pressure Recorder Data Now Available

Although infrequent, tsunami waves have caused considerable damage and loss of life in U.S. coastal areas and in 

regions around the world. NOAA’s data archive now offers 

access to high-resolution Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR) 

data from NOAA’s DARTTM buoys. This archive includes information, observations, technical reports, and, where available, imagery related to tsunami source events and coastal 

inundations worldwide from 2000 B.C. to the present. The 

BPR data provide temperature and pressure information for 

the DARTTM locations.

Digital Elevation Models Developed

In 2006, NGDC developed high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) for Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; Port 

San Luis, California; Sand Point, Alaska; Dutch Harbor, Alaska; Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; San Juan, Puerto Rico; Myrtle 

Beach, South Carolina; and Savannah, Georgia. DEMs are 

designed to improve forecasting for early tsunami warning 

systems and for predicting inundation due to tsunami, storm 

surge, and rainfall fl ooding in coastal areas.

Improving Data Access

Public Satellite Imagery Web Services Upgraded for 

2006 Hurricane Season

The Offi ce of Satellite Data Processing and 

Distribution (OSDPD) upgraded their website to increase the number of satellite images and ensure the continuity of these 

images during peak demand and satellite outages. Additions include six new 

“hurricane fl oaters,” allowing users 

to view images of one hurricane or 

tropical storm for the lifetime of the 

storm. New color enhancements 

allow users with disabilities a better way to view images, 

and users with older computer displays can see important 

hurricane features. These improvements provide the public 

and emergency managers quicker access to more and better information.

Making Satellite Data Affordable

In 2006, a fi nal prototype version of the Multi-Constellation User Terminal (MCUT-III) was developed for NOAA to 

demonstrate the feasibility of using an inexpensive terminal 

(a single laptop computer) to access data and images from 

polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites. This effort will 

help to keep the direct receiving and processing of environmental satellite data affordable for smaller users, such as 

schools, private citizens, small Numerical Weather Prediction centers, and developing countries.

Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale Implemented

The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) developed the 

Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (NESIS) to give the public 

a new, easy-to-understand scale to categorize major snowstorms, similar to the categories used for tornadoes and hurricanes. NESIS ranks the severity of East Coast snowstorms 

based on the amount of snowfall and the population in the 

affected areas. With NESIS, scientists at NCDC can quickly 

assess a snowstorm’s impact today, compare it with a storm 

of the past, and assign it a Notable, Signifi cant, Major, 

Crippling, or Extreme category.

Providing Resources for Water Managers 

NCDC and several partners developed a series of small, 

regional workshops for water managers. These workshops 

improve coordination and communication and ensure access 

to high-quality information for water resource managers 

and decision makers. In addition to the workshops, NCDC 

developed a companion online resource for water managers, called TreeFlow. The TreeFlow resources offer several 

benefi ts: access to highly technical information for a broad 

audience of nonspecialists; a comprehensive dataset source; 

and a public resource describing the connection between 

climate and water availability.

Improved Access to Key National Weather Service Datasets

Because of advances made by NCDC, the National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOMADS) 

now provides online public access to the new NWS National 

Digital Forecast Database (NDFD), which contains the most 

up-to-date weather information. NOMADS also provides 

access to legally mandated historical offi cial products, 

watches, warnings, and advisories.

Improving Forecasting and Monitoring

Microwave Products Blended for Precipitation Forecasting

In 2006, data from multiple products were combined to 
13

monitor the transport of large areas of very 

high atmospheric moisture. Scientists can 

now merge data from satellite sensors and 

a dense network of U.S. based Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments to form 

a unique global Total Precipitable Water 

(TPW) information product. Comparing current TPW data against historical data can 

show areas where atmospheric moisture is 

well above or below levels typical for that 

time period. Persistent TPW anomalies over 

a given area can signal the potential for 

fl ooding or heavy snowfall, and this additional warning time can save money and 

lives.

Ozone Monitoring Products Enhanced

Since 1985, NOAA has been creating total 

ozone profi le products to monitor changes 

in atmospheric ozone. While ozone near 

the Earth’s surface is a pollutant, ozone in 

the atmosphere is a trace gas critical to life, 

protecting plants and animals by absorbing 

harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the 

Sun. Ozone information is provided to environmental modeling agencies around the 

world for weather and climate models and 

UV forecasts. Recent signifi cant improvements to the calibration of the ozone data-gathering instruments have created more complete and reliable ozone 

profi les.

Forecasters Using Enhanced GOES Sounder Products

NESDIS views atmospheric and surface properties using 

measurements from sounder instruments on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). To enhance these data, NESDIS scientists have implemented a 

new GOES sounder processing system that produces products at full resolution without loss of quality or timeliness. 

The additional information and sharper presentation of the 

high resolution products allow more timely and specifi c severe weather warnings.

Two High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature 

Analyses Introduced

To improve weather forecasts (including hurricane tracking) 

and monitoring of fi sh populations, NCDC developed two 

new high resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analyses 

that convert irregularly sampled data onto a regular grid. 

These daily SST analyses provide better resolution than the 

previous weekly analysis, use satellite and in situ data from 

ships and buoys, and can obtain data even when clouds are 

present.

Working to Improve Severe Weather Forecasts

During the 2006 Hurricane season, the Center for Satellite 

Applications and Research (STAR) and OSDPD began operating the Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability (TCFP) 

product. This new product determines the probability that 

a tropical cyclone will form within the next 24 hours, and it 

also indicates areas where storm formation is more likely 

than normal. In addition, NESDIS and NWS are now using 

new forecasting models that enable more detailed images 

and produce better severe weather forecasts. Also, signals 

from GPS satellites are now used to probe the atmosphere 

and assist in forecasting weather. These accomplishments 

have greatly increased the ability to monitor, track, and 

predict severe weather.

Increased Weather Radar Data Now Available 

NCDC is now receiving Next Generation Radar Data 

(NEXRAD) from Canada and Korea. These data are received in near-real-time. NCDC is working with the NWS 

National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to support the 

National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (NMQ). NMQ generates three-dimensional 

radar views and multiple rainfall products. NMQ will improve precipitation estimates and assist in precipitation 

classifi cation (snow, rain, sleet, etc.), allowing for better estimates of precipitation type, forecasted location, and expected amount.

For the fi rst time, observations of microwave radiances are assimilated into a weather forecast model. Here, the radiance observations are from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager 

and Sounder instrument on the DMSP satellite. The new data assimilation technique improves the analysis of temperature fi elds (shown in the right panels) at two levels in Hurricane Katrina, compared with the same fi elds in the control run, in the left panels.
14 Supporting 

Commerce and 

Transportation

The COSPAS-SARSAT 

System

NOAA’s polar-orbiting and 

geostationary satellites, 

along with Russia’s COSPAS

spacecraft, are part of 

the high-tech, international 

Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking System, 

called COSPAS-SARSAT. 

The NOAA-operated SARSAT system can quickly detect and locate distress signals 

from emergency beacons on board aircraft and boats and 

from hand-held personal locator beacons almost anywhere 

in the world at any time and in almost any condition. The 

satellites relay distress signals from the emergency beacons 

to a network of ground stations and ultimately to the U.S. 

Mission Control Center (USMCC). USMCC processes the distress signal and alerts the appropriate search and rescue 

authorities. As of December 31, 2006, 272 people were 

rescued because of the COSPAS-SARSAT system.

First Joint U.S./Mexico Fire and Smoke Analysis

In late 2005, a joint Hazard Mapping System (HMS) agreement was developed between the United States and Mexico, and the fi rst operational Smoke and Fire Analysis was 

released to the public on May 11, 2006. The HMS tool 

allows scientists to analyze smoke and fi res. In 2005, the 

government of Mexico participated in joint training sessions 

with NOAA to learn how to use HMS to analyze the thousands of wildfi res that burn in Mexico every summer and to 

assist NOAA scientists in detecting smoke that usually travels 

into the Southern United States. Users can now view fi res 

as they are analyzed and track dense smoke to its source. 

In addition, the environmental modeling community can now 

build more accurate smoke trajectory models, ensuring safe 

and effi cient air and maritime travel and commerce.

NOAA Hosts Commercial Remote Sensing 

Satellite Symposium

On September 13-15, 2006, NOAA convened a second 

International Commercial Remote Sensing Satellite Symposium. This symposium brought together international business and government leaders to explore the current issues 

facing the commercial remote sensing (CRS) satellite sector. 

Over 200 government and industry leaders from around 

the world attended the symposium. Topics discussed included the CRS business landscape; the future of the CRS 

marketplace; the CRS connection to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS); and natural disaster 

assessment and response. A robust American CRS industry 

benefi ts the public by providing products such as mapping 

data, weather information, and improved navigational aids 

and provides Americans with jobs in this growing industry.

Several NESDIS programs help to ensure 

that individual and 

commercial transportation is safe, effi cient, 

and environmentally 

sound.
15

While working to further 

the NOAA mission by supporting and enhancing existing programs and developing

new technologies, NESDIS

also looks for opportunities 

to strengthen our community.

NESDIS 

COMMUNITY

NOAA Celebrates 200 Years of Science, Service, 

and Stewardship

Throughout 2006, NESDIS participated in preparations for 

a year-long celebration in honor of 200 years of the NOAA 

vision. In 2007, through a comprehensive website, open 

houses, innovative exhibits, and a variety of other memorable events within and outside of the Washington, DC, area, 

NESDIS will join the other NOAA offi ces and centers to tell 

the NOAA story to the American people. We will demonstrate how our past, present, and future science, service, 

and stewardship contribute to a healthy and vital society 

and economy.

NOAA Library Upgrades Resources

In 2006, the NOAA Central Library successfully implemented the fi fth NOAA-wide online resource with the addition 

of the Web of Science, the online version of Science Citation Index. From their desktops, all NOAA staff can now 

locate citations by author, subject, or title from over 8,700 

scientifi c journals. The current NOAA-wide resources are 

Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BioOne, 

JSTOR, netLibrary, ISI Web of Science, and NOAALINC Database Activity.

NOAA Library Reaches Out

In 2006, the NOAA Central Library hosted several activities for all ages to enjoy. On April 2-8, 2006, National 

Library Week was celebrated with an open house, database demonstrations, and daily library information quizzes. 

On April 28, 2006, over 142 children, ages 6 and under, 

participated in “Bring Your Child to Work Day” activities at 

the Library. On November 1, 2006, the Library hosted its 

13th Annual Book Fair. More than 200 people visited the 

display by Association Book Exhibits, which contained over 

120 books from 31 publishers covering fi sheries, oceanography, climatology, meteorology, and 

remote sensing.

The NOAA Central Library also hosted 

32 Brown Bag Lunch Seminar Programs 

throughout the year presented by NOAA 

administrators, staff, visiting scholars, 

and related organizations. One of the 

many popular programs included a talk 

by Dr. Jon A. Krosnick, Professor of Humanities and Social Sciences at Stanford 

University, who discussed “What Americans Really Think About Climate Change: Attitude Formation 

and Change in Response to a Raging Scientifi c Controversy” 

on November 29, 2006.

NOAA Environmental Hero Award

Established in 1995, the Environmental Hero Award is presented to individuals and organizations that volunteer their 

time and energy to help NOAA carry out its mission. The 

National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) nominated George 

Briggs of the North Carolina Arboretum this year. George 

Briggs, as the fi rst Executive Director of the North Carolina 

Arboretum, led the creation of one of the fi nest environmental preservation and education sites in the 

southeast. His dedication to understanding climate led to a collaborative effort 

with NOAA on the U.S. Climate Reference Network and the successful installation of the network’s fi rst station on the 

Arboretum.

15
16

2006 AWARD RECIPIENTS

2006 Administrator’s Awards

Dr. Sharon Leduc, NCDC 

Category: Administrative Support

Certifi cate Citation: For negotiating a new collective bargaining agreement over a brief period of time and for 

implementing scientifi c review procedures for publication, 

all while providing exemplary management of the National 

Climatic Data Center.

Connie A. Woodhouse, NCDC

Category: Scientifi c Research

Certifi cate Citation: For pioneering climate research and 

outreach to water resource managers which provided understanding of water availability for the period of time before rain gauges existed in the Western United States.

Charles S. Bryant, OSD

Category: Engineering Development

Certifi cate Citation: For outstanding leadership and engineering in restoring the National Hurricane Center to full 

operational capability prior to the start of the 2006 hurricane season.

Robert H. Levin, OSDPD

Category: Excellence in Information Systems

Certifi cate Citation: For designing, implementing, and maintaining an innovative system to improve POES data monitoring, quality control, and analysis critical to the NESDIS 

mission.

Alfreda M. Alexander, OSDPD

Category: Administrative Support

Certifi cate Citation: For superior achievement in administrative support by signifi cantly improving the effi ciency and 

effectiveness of telecommunication services for the Satellite 

Services Division.

Dr. Kenneth S. Casey, NODC

Category: Scientifi c Research

Certifi cate Citation: For implementing the latest Pathfi nder 

V5 dataset leading to marked improvements over previously available datasets, including a fi ner spatial resolution, 

greater use of ice masks in quality level determinations, and 

inclusion of coastal and inland waters.

Tim Boyer, NODC

Olga K. Baranova, NODC

Category: Excellence in Information Systems

Certifi cate Citation: For exceptional initiative in developing 

WODselect, which allows unprecedented, online access to 

the World Ocean Database, the world’s largest collection 

of ocean profi le data.

2006 NOAA Technology Transfer Award

Peter M. Steurer, NCDC

Certifi cate Citation: For developing an Air Freezing Index 

that was transferred to the U.S. Construction Industry in the 

building of Frost Protected Shallow Foundations, producing 

signifi cant savings to homeowners and the environment.

16
17

2006 Department of Commerce Silver Medal

Joseph W. Stinus, NODC, NCDDC

Russell Beard, NODC, NCDDC

Elizabeth Schenk-Gardner, NODC, NCDDC 

Susan M. Starke, NODC, NCDDC

Eric Roby, NODC, NCDDC

Bradlee B. Nunn, NODC, NCDDC

Mary E. O’Chery, NODC, NCDDC

Sharon M. Mesick, NODC, NCDDC

Julie A. Bosch, NODC, NCDDC

Category: Customer Service

The group was honored for dedication and service in restoring operations to the National Coastal Data Development 

Center (NCDDC) within days after the devastating effects 

of Hurricane Katrina. The group’s actions included assisting 

in the recovery of staff and others who lost their homes and 

possessions and developing a Katrina website to link/access imagery, data, maps, and models to assist in recovery 

programs. Within 60 days, this website had over 1.5 million 

hits. NCDDC also assisted state agencies in replacing lost 

equipment and data to restore their operations.

2006 NOAA Bronze Medals

NESDIS Nominations

Steven Ansari, NCDC

For outstanding support to the NOAA NEXRAD radar program by developing radar display and data exporter 

tools.

Ray “Ted” Habermann, NGDC

For leading a standards-based systems development effort in support of the NOAA Observing System Architecture 

(NOSA).

Brian Hughes, OSDPD

Thomas Renkevens, GOES-R

For designing and implementing a backup system to eliminate a critical single point of failure for NOAA satellite 

imagery, thus ensuring continuity of mission critical operations.

Roger Heymann, OSD

Timothy Schmit, ORA/STAR

For reducing costs and increasing satellite Earth science 

global data distribution and archiving through world-leading R&D in data compression.

Glenn Rutledge, NCDC

Jordan Alpert, NWS

Wesley Ebisuzaki, NWS

Steven Hankin, OAR

Ronald Stouffer, OAR

Keith Dixon, OAR

For development of the NOAA Operational Model Archive 

and Distribution System, the fi rst operational U.S. National 

climate and weather model archive.

Fuzhong Weng, ORA/STAR

Changyong Cao, ORA/STAR

Tsan Mo, ORA/STAR

Xiangqian Wu, ORA/STAR

Jerry Sullivan, ORA/STAR

Thomas Kleespies, ORA/STAR

Michael Chalfant, ORA/STAR

Anthony Reale, ORA/STAR

Alexander Ignatov, ORA/STAR

Lawrence Flynn, ORA/STAR

For developing an integrated system for accurately calibrating NOAA-18 instruments that lead to a high quality of 

operational satellite products.

LCDR John Adler

Howard Diamond, NCDC

John Jones, NWS

Thomas Karl, NCDC

Lewis McCulloch, NESDIS AA Offi ce

Linda Moodie, NESDIS IIA Offi ce

Peter Steurer, NCDC

Marcia Weaks, NOS

For development of the Strategic Plan for the U.S. Integrated Earth Observation System and leading 18 Federal 

agencies to advance the system.

Thomas Baldwin, OSDPD

Alonzo Brown, OSDPD

Gregory Gallina, OSDPD

Jay Hanna, OSDPD

Brian Hughes, OSDPD

Charles Kadin, OSDPD

Jamie Kibler, OSDPD

Sheldon Kusselson, OSDPD

Nancy Merckle, OSDPD

Mark Ruminski, OSDPD

Alan Schwartz, OSDPD

John Simko, OSDPD

Davida Streett, OSDPD

Grace Swanson, OSDPD

Michael Turk, OSDPD

Regis Walter, OSDPD

For providing operational satellite 

analysis support to the National 

Weather Service and other 

government organizations 

during Hurricane Katrina.

Keith Mann, OSO

Dennis Mailhot, OSO

Michael Settles, OSO

17
18 Albert McMath, OSO

Greg Johnson, OSO

Diane Robinson, OSO

Gary McBrien, OSO

Mark Noto, (formerly of NESDIS CIO)

Eric Clemons, OSD

For developing the GOES Certifi cation and Accreditation 

(C&A) package, the fi rst NOAA National Critical system accredited, and a C&A system used as a model across the 

Department of Commerce.

Dawn W. Anders, NCDC

William O. Brown, NCDC

Katherine A. Fincher, NCDC

Sharon K. Hawkins, NCDC

Cynthia B. Karl, NCDC

Douglas G. McElreath, NCDC

Tammy Scott, NCDC

Margaret K. Tessier, NCDC

Janet S. Wall, NCDC

Mary B. Hollinger, NODC

Kathleen A. Martin, (formerly of NGDC)

Robin R. Warnken, NGDC

For implementing an e-Government system across three 

NESDIS Data Centers which processes all orders for digital 

and non-digital data.

Bronze Nominations submitted by other offi ces

Toni Parham, NESDIS, AA, CFO/CAO

This is an Acquisitions and Grants Offi ce (AGO) group nomination. For supporting the President’s Management Agenda 

(PMA) initiative in achieving organizational excellence by 

strengthening NOAA’s fi nancial and administrative services 

through an integrated team of line offi ce and grants offi ce 

personnel.

Regis Walter, OSDPD

This is an Offi ce of the Chief Information Offi cer (CIO) 

group nomination. For outstanding services provided to the 

Department of Homeland Security in its response to the 

2005 Hurricane Season.

Jane D’Aguanno, NESDIS AA Offi ce

David Urbanski, NCDC

This is an Offi ce of the Chief Information Offi cer (CIO) group 

nomination. For the design and execution of a Continuity of 

Operations exercise, which improved NOAA’s ability to continue essential functions during all circumstances, including 

life-threatening weather events or terrorist attacks.

Jane D’Aguanno, NESDIS AA Offi ce

Roberta McQuilkin, NESDIS AA Offi ce

This is an Offi ce of the Chief Information Offi cer (CIO) group 

nomination. For providing unifi ed emergency response and 

incident management during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita 

by establishing national-level, inter-agency coordination, 

establishing priorities, and supporting deployed and impacted employees and assets.

Steve Ansari, NCDC

Terry Babb, (formerly of OSO)

Phillip Johnson, OSO

Linda Salyers, NODC

Benjamin Watkins, NCDC

This is a National Weather Service group nomination. For 

voluntary service provided during FEMA post-disaster relief 

operations after multiple hurricane strikes in 2005.

Paula Dunbar, NGDC

This is a National Weather Service group nomination. For 

personal and professional excellence as the Nation’s experts and spokespersons on tsunamis following the December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami.

Imke Durre, NCDC

Jay Lawrimore, NCDC

Thomas Peterson, NCDC

This is a Offi ce of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) 

group nomination. For developing research-quality radiosonde atmospheric temperature datasets for reliably monitoring climate variations and change.

2006 NESDIS Distinguished Career Award Recipients

Helen Coffey, NGDC 

For environmental data stewardship which has helped establish NOAA as a leader in preserving and maintaining 

long-term archives of historical solar-geophysical data.

John Kinsfather, NGDC 

For exemplary, innovative and sustained leadership in keeping NOAA’s National Data Centers at the forefront of the 

rapidly evolving information technology environment.

W. Paul Menzel, formerly of ORA/STAR

For innovative contributions and international leadership in 

the fi eld of satellite remote sensing, resulting in improved 

measurements, applications, and understanding of global 

weather and climate.

Michael Mignogno, OSD 

For leadership and professional achievements in successfully planning and executing NOAA’s polar satellite program 

and remote sensing activity. 

NOAA Team Member of the Month for February 2006

Mark Hyde, IPO

For his critical role in the installation of a communications 

system at the Suitland, Maryland, facility to support the 

18
19

next generation National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS).

NOAA Employee of the Month for May 2006

Steve Ansari, NCDC

For excellence in development of Geographic Information 

Systems (GIS) tools that have wide application for federal 

agencies, the private sector, and universities.

NOAA Team Member of the Month for September 2006

Wei Guo, STAR

For exceptional work in development, improvement, and 

implementation of satellite based estimates of land surface 

characteristics and the products derived from them.

NOAA Employee of the Month for December 2006

Cathy Nichols, OSDPD

For signifi cant contributions as the lead systems integrator in 

the provision of satellite data processing services while 

OSDPD switched operational hardware and software systems and in coordinating the Information Processing Division’s successful move to NSOF. 

The following employees received a Unit Citation from 

NOAA:

Jamie Kibler

Grace Swanson

Alonzo Brown

Mark Ruminski 

Davida Streett

Regis Walter

Greg Gallina

Nancy Merckle

Alan Schwartz

Thomas Baldwin

Michael Turk

OSDPD, SSD 

The employees who man the 24 by 7 Tropical Desk of the 

Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) are recognized for providing exemplary satellite-based operational support to the 

National Weather Service (NWS) for the extremely active 

2005 tropical storm season.

External Award

Arthur S. Flemming Award

Dr. David M. Anderson, NCDC

Dr. Anderson was honored for excellence in paleoclimatology research for promoting the use, visibility, and availability 

of pre-instrumental climate data. His work with colleagues 

from the United States and India provided novel reconstructions of major aspects of the climate system, including the 

Asian monsoon, El Niño, and the carbon cycle; all processes 

are relevant to NOAA goals in understanding the climate 

system. Beginning in 2002, Dr. Anderson published four 

articles on these topics in Science and Nature, in just over 

one year. His research not only provides long-term records 

of pre-instrumental climate, including the fi rst multi-century 

reconstruction of the Southwest Asian monsoon, but also 

advances our understanding of how key climate processes 

have varied through time. 

19

NSOF Photos Courtesy of: Michael A. Stewart
20

NOAA SATELLITE AND INFORMATION SERVICE EMPLOYEES

ANTONIO A. ABADIA DIANA L. ABNEY STANLEY JOHN ABNEY MARY ADAMS ANDREW L. ADKINS, JR. CAROLYN W. ALDERMAN ALFREDA M. ALEXANDER ANDREW J. ALLEGRA DONALD L. ALLEN KHALID M. ALVI KEITH AMBURGEY DAWN W. 

ANDERS DONNA M. ANDERSON DOROTHY LAMAR ANDERSON MICHAEL J. ANDERSON GLORIA E. ANDERSON DAVID M. 

ANDERSON WILLIAM E. ANGEL FRED A. ANNIS STEVEN R. ANSARI JIMI ROBERT ANZELC CHARLENE JO APPERSON ANTHONY ARGUEZ JEFFREY D. ARNFIELD STEVEN M. ATKINS ROBERT M. AUNE CAROL A. AUSTIN LYNNE P. AXTELL 

TERRY VINCENT BABB SHYAM N. BAJPAI CLIFFORD B. BAKER EDWARD M. BAKER CHARLES S. BAKER RICHARD T. BALDWIN THOMAS BALDWIN ANNE O’DONNELL BALL JAMES G. BALLOU BARBARA A. BANKS WALID JUBRAIL BANNOURA OLGA 

KONSTNTINVNA BARANOVA BRUCE R. BARKSTROM CHRISTOPHER DWIGHT BARNET ALVA J. BARNETTE CELSO S. BARRIENTOS ANDREW D. BARTON JOHN J. BATES BRUCE BAUER ERIC JUDSON BAYLER RUSSELL H. BEARD JANICE A. 

BEATTIE MICHAEL R. BEAVIN THOMAS WILLIAM BECKER KATHY P. BELFIELD TONI DENISE BELLAMY PHYLLIS BELLAMY 

PATRICK S. BELOTE DAVID ARTHUR BENNER PAULA E. BERRY EUGENE J. BERRY MARGARET E. BIGGERSTAFF FREEMAN 

B. BLACKWELL, JR. ILISSA BLECH BRIAN G. BLOEDEL HAL J. BLOOM MATTHEW W. BODOSKY MARK J. BOLAND JULIE A. 

BOSCH LISA DIANE BOTLUK KAREN A. BOWIE DAVID P. BOWMAN THOMAS LEROY BOYD TIMOTHY PAUL BOYER CAROLYN C. BRADFORD JAMES E. BRADY DOUGLAS D. BRAUER DEBRA S. BRAUN CAROL JANE BREGER MARK S. BRIELE 

DANNY E. BRINEGAR RANDAL B. BRINKER DONNISE P. BROOKS FRANCES BROOKS RICHARD C. BROOKS BARBARA D. 

BROOKS TODD HOWELL BROOKS JANET M. BROWN WILLIAM O. BROWN DAVID EARL BROWN ALONZO MCCARROL 

BROWN CHRISTOPHER W. BROWN LINDA A. BROWN DANIEL R. BROWN, JR. DOROTHY BROWN CYNTHIA BROWN EMILIE S. BRUCHON ALBERTA BRUNSON JOSEPH P. BRUST, JR. CHARLES S. BRYANT JULIE J. BRYANT DONNA S. BUCKLEY 

CHARLES RODNEY BUCKNER RONALD W. BUHMANN JUSTIN ELLOT BURKET WILLIAM CARY BURKHART THEODORE 

THOMAS BURLEW, JR. ROBIN SURRETT BURRESS MARY R. BURRIS THOMAS R. BUTTON HYRE BYSAL PATRICK C. 

CALDWELL CHERYL A. CALDWELL LOUIS P. CAMBARDELLA JOHN G. CAMPAGNOLI JOHN S. CANTER CHANGYONG CAO 

SHARON D. CAPPS HILL THOMAS R. CAREY JAN ANITA CARPENTER CHRISTINE MARY CARPINO LARRY W. CARR LILA P. 

CARR DONALD M. CARROLL PRESTON S. CARTER EMILY M. CARTER STEVEN L. CARTER WILLIAM ANDREW CARTER 

LILLIAN R. CARTER SHIRLEY S. CARTER CHRISTOPHER CARTWRIGHT KENNETH SCOTT CASEY JOSEPH K. CATALAN 

BARBARA P. CATRETT REBECCA CHACKO MICHAEL W. CHALFANT KIMBERLY K. CHAMBERLAIN STANLEY YEE CHING CHAN 

GORDON MARION CHANCEY PAUL SZE PO CHANG LAURA M. CHAPMAN DOUGLAS C. CHARNOCK, JR. SAM MING SAN CHEN 

HOMER LEE CHERRIX TROY A. CHERRY ROSA MARIE CHIEDI LUKMAN HIDAYAT CHOLID DAVID M. CLARK CRAIG A. CLARK 

DEBRA E. CLARK JOHNNY R. CLARK, JR. NATHAN BLAINE CLARK PABLO CLEMENTE COLON ERIC C. CLEMONS HELEN E. 

COFFEY MORRIS H. COLE CARLA L. COLEMAN BERRY K. COLEMAN RICHARD A. COLEY SHARON D. COLLEY KAY E. 

COLLINS DONALD W. COLLINS ANTHONY B. COMBERIATE GUSTAVE JULES COMEYNE, III LAURENCE N. CONNOR JEAN 

REDMOND CONRAD BARBARA COOK BRENDA A. COOKE DENNIS B. COPE THERESSA D. COREN JUSTIN G. COUTURE 

ARLENE A. CRAIG MICHAEL L. CRANE VAN D. CRAWFORD ANGELA L. CRENSHAW MICHAEL JAMES CRISON DENNIS E. 

CROCKETT SCOTT L. CROSS JUSTIN A. CROUCH ANDREW X. CROUSE RUBY E. CUBANO MARY L. CUMBERPATCH 

BRENDA LEE CUMBIE JOHN T. CUSTIS JANE ANN D’AGUANNO CAROLYN D’ANTONIO HARRY W. DAHLBERG, JR. KEVIN 

ANDREW DAILEY JAIME MICHAEL DANIELS GARY K. DAVIS JOHN W. DAVIS, JR. VAUGHN W. DAVIS, JR. STEPHEN A. DELGRECO CLAUDE D. DELLINGER MARK DEMARIA WILLIAM F. DENIG SUSAN DEVINE HOWARD J. DIAMOND BENJAMIN 

LOWELL DIEDRICH PAUL M. DIGIACOMO HANJUN DING KATHY DINKINS GERALD JOHN DITTBERNER JOSEPH F. DORFLER 

WARREN FRANCIS DORSEY JEROME W. DORSEY EVE A. DOUGLAS HENRY F. DRAHOS, JR. LISELLE MARIE DRAKE PAULA K. DUNBAR PATRICK D. DUNSTON MICHAEL R. DURAN IMKE DURRE PARMESH H. DWIVEDI RUSSELL DYSON CARLON 

MARK EAKIN TINA MARIE EAST DAVID R. EASTERLING DENNIS E. EBERTS DAVID MICHAEL EDDY LEON M. ELLISON 

STANLEY W. ELSWICK CHRISTOPHER DAVID ELVIDGE MARCUS O. ERTLE EDWARD H. ERWIN TERRI J. ESHAM CRAIG 

JOSEPH EVANEGO ELIZABETH F. EWELL WAYNE M. FAAS JOHN R. FAUERBACH LISA A. FAUNCE CHARLES J. FENNO 

CHRISTINE DELORIS FENWICK ANGELA D. FERGUSON ALICIA C. FERGUSON RALPH R. FERRARO, JR. KATHERINE A. 

FINCHER ROBERT S. FINSON ANNA FIOLEK JEAN M. FITCH MICHAEL W. FITZMAURICE, JR. DANIEL G. FLANAGAN ROBERT P. FLEEMAN STEPHEN E. FLEMING KAREN E. FLERLAGE LAWRENCE FLYNN TERRI LYNNE FORD BERNADETTE G. 

FOREMAN DAVID GAY FORSYTH CHRISTOPHER G. FOX DAVID NEIL FRANC DEBORAH L. FRANKLIN PHALA L. FRANKS 

HELEN V. FREDERICK RICHARD W. FREEMAN GREGG W. FROSTROM PAUL B. FULENWIDER RICHARD ALAN FULTON DAVID R. FURLONG MICHAEL B. GALEONE GREGORY M. GALLINA KEVIN P. GALLO HERNAN EDUARDO GARCIA NANCY CORY 

GARDNER RICHARD LEWIS GAREY TEVIS C. GEHR ROBERT DAVID GELFELD HELEN J. GIBSON VICENTE ALVES GILBERTO KARIN LYNN GLEASON BYRON E. GLEASON HILDA S. GOHRBAND MITCHELL D. GOLDBERG DAVID NELSON 

GOLDSMITH ZACHARY G. GOLDSTEIN GEOFFREY P. GOODRUM LYNN A. GOSS JAMES J. GOUDOUROS VINCENT GRANO 

AXEL GRAUMANN DONALD G. GRAY JOSEPH P. GREEN VANESSA L.GRIFFIN LARRY J. GRIFFIN MARY A. GRIFFIN TRINA 

M. GRIFFIN STEVEN M. GRIFFITH DORIA B. GRIMES PETER L. GRIMM BYRON GRISHAM, III WENDY S. GROSS INGRID C. 

GUCH JAMES J. GURKA JOSE M. GUTIERREZ NATHANIEL B. GUTTMAN RAY E. HABERMANN IDA MARIE HAKKARINEN 

NORMAN F. HALL ALAN HALL THOMAS E. HALL DEVERY L. HALL MARK O. HALL EDWARD C. HAMBLIN MELANIE A. HAMILTON GREGORY R. HAMMER ANDRE LAMAR HAMMOND CYNTHIA HAMPTON HAN YONG DONG JICK HAN JING NMN 

HAN JAY W. HANNA JERRY D. HARDY EMILY D. HARROD DAVID S. HASENAUER JAMES S. HAUGHEY SHARON K. HAWKINS 

BRENNAN J. HAY KENNETH HAYWOOD ANDREW K. HEIDINGER LISA K. HEILMEIER RICHARD R. HEIM, JR MICHAEL R. 

HELFERT SEAN R. HELFRICH GRACE M. HENSLEY DAVID K. HERMRECK RHONDA L. HERNDON ROGER W. HEYMANN 

BRIAN K. HILL DONALD W. HILLGER CONRAD S. HINSON OLIVER DAVID HIRSCHFELD CURTIS W. HOLLAND MARY BEAN 

HOLLINGER LOUIE E. HOFF KAREN ENGLAND HORAN SEYED A. HOSSEINI TAMARA G. HOUSTON JASON L. HOWARD 

PAUL E. HUDSPETH PATRICIA A. HUFF JOHN P. HUGHES BRIAN K. HUGHES PAMELA Y. HUGHES KENT H. HUGHES STACEY J. HURCOMBE LISA S. HURT TOBY M. HUTCHINGS GLENN M. HYATT ALEXANDER IGNATOV JOY A. IKELMAN CHERYL L. INGRAM ANTONIO R. IRVING DAVID CRAWFORD IRWIN SCOTT E. JACKSON NINA L. JACKSON CONRAD G. JACKSON 

STACI M. JACKSON JONES RUSSELL L. JACOBS LAWRENCE S. JAMES RICHARD FLOYD JAMES STEPHEN J. JANOSKI 

SARAH A. JENKINS JOHN A. JENSEN MICHAEL D. JENSEN MATTHEW ANTON JOCHUM DAPHNE R. JOHNSON CHERYL MAE 

JOHNSON GREGORY P. JOHNSON PHILLIP STEPHEN JOHNSON DENNIS L. JOHNSON MARIA N. JONES QUEEN E. JONES 

CHARLES KADIN CYNTHIA B. KARL THOMAS R. KARL MARIAN ELLEN KATZ MARILENE S. KAZIOR KATHLEEN A. KELLY 

JAMES S. KETCHUM, JR. JEFFREY R. KEY JAMIE MATTHEW KIBLER MARY E. KICZA ERIC A. KIHN DONGSOO KIM JASON 

Y. KIM BEVERLY C. KING CHRISTOPHER S. KINKADE JOHN O. KINSFATHER PATRICIA E. KIRK STEVEN P. KIRKNER THOMAS JOSEPH KLEESPIES JOSEPH C. KLEIN MARY K. KLISCHER JOHN ALBERT KNAFF KENNETH R. KNAPP KRISTIN MARIE 

KNISKERN DARREL R. KNOLL JOHN M. KOBAR NINA M. KOENICK CHAD E. KOENIG BRENDA KOENIG FELIX KOGAN 

CHANDRA R. KONDRAGUNTA SHOBHA KONDRAGUNTA DANIEL E. KOWAL JOSEPH E. KRAFT JEFFREY A. KROB JOHN M. 

KUHN ROBERT J. KULIGOWSKI SHELDON J. KUSSELSON DENNIS M. LACKEY SUSAN M. LADENHEIM JOHANNA S. LANG 

ANNICA MARIE LARSEN BLAKE L. LASHER ISTVAN LASZLO LADONNA K. LAUREN REGINALD B. LAWRENCE JAY H. LAWRIMORE ALEX W. LAWSON, JR. DWIGHT D. LAYTON LARRY LEON LEDLOW, JR. SHARON LEDUC RENEE A. LEDUC CLARKE 

DONNA F. LEFLER RICHARD V. LEGECKIS EUGENE D. LEGG ROBERT H. LEVIN KEITH A. LEVINSON DAVID H. LEVINSON 

SYDNEY LEVITUS JAMES EDWARD LEWIS XIAOFAN LI KIRK J. LIANG JOHN LEE LILLIBRIDGE, III DANIEL T. LINDSEY 
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GEORGE B. LINVILL BRIAN WILLIAM LITTLE ROSS A. LOBLEIN JACK N. LOTT, IV SUSAN E. LOVE BROTAK JOHN 

LOVING KEVIN EUGENE LUDLUM CHARLES R. MACFARLAND ERIC J. MADSEN JOANNE MAGOULAS PATRICIA 

MAHONEY DENNIS J. MAILHOT LESLIE MAIZEL KEITH A. MANN DANIEL J. MANNS DEBRA M. MARCHANT KAREN M. MARKS JAMES M. MARTIN, JR. BROOKS D. MASON KARON R. MATHEWS MICHAEL MATSON EILEEN M. 

MATURI BILLIE F. MAYBIN PATTY J. MAYO WILFRED E. MAZUR DAVID C. MCADOO GARY PATRICK MCBRIEN 

KIMBERLY IVY MCCARTY MILTON S. MCCOWN LEWIS DAVID MCCULLOCH DOUGLAS G. MCELREATH ALVIN L. 

MCGAHEE DAVID F. MCGINNIS MARJORIE P. MCGUIRK VERNON E. MCINTOSH, JR. KEITH W. MCKENZIE ALITA 

M. MCKINLEY SUSAN J. MCLEAN ALBERT J. MCMATH, JR. DONNA P. MCNAMARA ROBERTA ANN MCQUILKIN EILEEN M. MCVEY AJAY N. MEHTA MENG HUAN MATTHEW J. MENNE JAMES L. MENTZER WOLFGANG P. MENZEL 

NANCY L. MERCKLE SHARON M. MESICK LAURA K. METCALF BARBARA R. METZ DAN R. METZGER ANGELA L. 

MICHAEL MICHAEL MIGNOGNO EDWARD MASON MILLER ERIC JOHN MILLER LAURENCE L. MILLER KAREN L. 

MILLER BARRY L. MILLS DIANE MINISH FRANCIS J. MITCHELL GARY C. MITCHELL TSAN MO DEBRA A. MOLENAR LINDA V. MOODIE JEANNETTE A. MOORE CARLA JEAN MOORE JOHN C. MOORE DANIEL L. MOORE 

JOHN T. MORAN TAHARA DAHRES MORENO JAMES WILBERT MORRIS EDWARD MORRIS JOHN P. MORRISROE 

SCOTT VERNON MOWERY KENNETH P. MUGFORD MARK F. MULHOLLAND DANIEL PETERSON MULLER JOSEPH 

EDWARD MULLIGAN PATRICIA J. MULLIGAN RONALD W. MUMMA GREGORY S. MUNDY MARILYN MURPHY WILLIAM B. MURPHY DERRICK MURRAY REGINA ANN MURRAY WILLIAM STANLEY MUSCOVICH, JR. JAMES BRADLEY 

MUSSMANN ROBERT A. NAGAN SELINA MARIE NAUMAN CHERYL L. NAVE BRUCE H. NEEDHAM RYAN M. NELSON 

BRIAN R. NELSON TERESA JOHNSON NERO ARTHUR C. NEUENDORFFER CARL W. NEWLON VIHA THI NGUYEN 

CATHERINE L. NICHOLS MURRAY L. NICODEMUS WILLIAM F. NOCK BRADLEE B. NUNN KIMBERLY K. NYE MARY 

E. O’CHERY CHRISTOPHER M. O’CONNORS ERIC J. OGATA JON E. OLSON MICHAEL ERNEST ONDRUSEK TIMOTHY WILLIAM OWEN KAREN S. OWEN JANICE A. OWENS COBBLAH TIM A. OZMUN BONITA S. PAGEL RHONDA 

J. PALUBA JOHN A. PAQUETTE GREGG ANDREW PARENT ANTOINETTE DENISE PARHAM CECIL A. PARIS FREUD 

POE PARK JAMES THOMAS PARKER WALTER G.PARKS ARTHUR ROSS PARSONS SAMUEL M. PATTERSON, II 

MICHAEL J. PAVOLONIS CYNTHIA LYNN PAWLISH ERNEST R. PAYNE HERALD ALPHOPSIA PEARSALL VICKI S. 

PECK MONTY BURDETTE PEFFLEY PAUL ERNEST PEGNATO JESSICA L. PEJSA RONALD PENN JOHN J. PEREIRA 

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PETTIS SHERI A. PHILLIPS CHARLES S. PHILLIPS JOHN . R PHILLIPS WILLIAM G. PICHEL LINDA PIKULA KAROL 

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CARMELO RIVERA DEBORA E. RIVERA PATRICIA L. RIVOLTA JEFFREY M. ROBEL THOMAS W. ROBERTS DARRELL R. ROBERTSON BONITA L. ROBINSON DIANE V. ROBINSON BRENDA YOUNG HUMPHRIES ROBINSON ROBERT LOWELL ROBLIN DONALD E. ROBY JENNIFER E. ROCHESTER MICHAEL D. RODRIGUEZ CAROL S. ROGERS 

JOSE MANUEL ROSARIO MIGUEL A. ROSARIO FELIX DOUGLAS P. ROSS THOMAS F. ROSS LINDA DEEM RUBIO 

MARK G. RUMINSKI GLENN KEVIN RUTLEDGE STEVEN RUTZ JOSEPH E. SALAZAR LINDA DARLENE SALYERS 

PATRICIA A. SANCHEZ JOHN W. SANNS JOHN FREDERICK SAPPER CHARLOTTE L. SAZAMA JOANN A. SCEIZINA 

JAMES M. SCHAEFFER STEVEN A. SCHAFFER KAREN D. SCHAFFERT ELIZABETH J. SCHENCK GARDNER WALTER 

CHARLES SCHLEICHER, JR. KENNETH E. SCHMIDT TIMOTHY J. SCHMIT KURT J. SCHNEBELE DAVID C. SCHOOLCRAFT THOMAS B. SCHOTT RICHARD G. SCHREITZ ALAN L. SCHWARTZ TAMMY ARLENE SCOTT MARK R. SEIDERMAN LANCE E. SEMAN HILAWE SEMUNEGUS GEORGE N. SERAFINO JANICE SESSING MICHAEL S. SETTLES JOYCE A. SHAFFER HUGH A. SHARKEY AWDHESH KUMAR SHARMA GEORGE F. SHARMAN, III EILEEN L. 

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L. SHUMBERA, JR. RAYMOND SILFA HERNAN JAMES SILVA JOHN JOSEPH SIMKO MICHAEL T. SIMMONS GEORGE 

M. SINCLAIR, JR. MARGARET L. SKEOCH DONNIE ROBERT SLACK MARK O. SLEEPER PETER W. SLOSS DEAN 

L. SMEHIL JONATHAN M. SMITH THOMAS M. SMITH DAVID P. SMITH ADAM BARRY SMITH ANGELA DENISE SMITH 

DAVID B. SMITH DAVID N. SMITH ALISA BUNDICK SMITH LAKEL A. SMITH THOMAS E. SMITH, JR. WALTER SMITH 

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SPEIDEL TERESSA SPENCER ALBERT B. SPENCER, JR. MICHAEL F. SQUIRES KAREN MICHELE ST. GERMAIN 

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TARPLEY, JR. KENDRA L. TARVER LISA A. TAYLOR PAMELA M. TAYLOR GENE R. TERRY ROE E. TERRY MARGARET K. TESSIER ALBERT EMIL THEBERGE, JR. ADRIENNE M. THOMAS JOHN L. THOMAS CHARLES W. 

THOMASON, JR. PATRICIA COLLEEN THOMPSON JEFFREY MARVIN THOMPSON, JR. SHELLY H. COOPER JOSEPH 

T. THORNTON TERRANCE ALLAN TIELKING CLARENCE W. TIGNOR ARLA BETTINA TILLMAN NICOLAIE TODIRITA 

MONICA ELENA TODIRITA MICHAEL TOMLINSON ROGER W. TORSTENSON YO KUNG JOHN TSUI JAUVONNE M. 

TUCKER MICHAEL A. TURK RACHEL K. TURLEY KYLE D. TURNER KEVIN L. TURNER ROBERT N. TYE ERIC D. 

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D. WALLACE TIMOTHY JUSTIN WALSH REGIS JOSEPH WALTER, JR. MENGHUA WANG DARLENE N. WARD RODNEY VANCE WARD ANDREW L. WARDRETT BARBARA A. WARNICK ROBIN R. WARNKEN MICHAEL W. WARREN 

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WILLIAMS, JR. LINDA J. WILLIAMS STEPHANIE JANINE WILLIAMS KEVIN L. WILLIAMS LINDSEY B. WILLIAMS TYRONE LIONELL WILLIAMS ALEXANDER FREDDIE WILLIAMS HOWARD F. WILLIAMS ZDENKA S. WILLIS WAYNE L. 

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ANGELA K. WRIGHT THOMAS M. WRUBLEWSKI XIANGQIAN WU DAVID B. WUERTZ ANGELA P. WYATT MARTIN 

YAPUR JAMES G. YOE SHAROLYN R. YOUNG YUNYUE YU STEVEN EDWARD ZEGALIA RAYMOND M. ZEHR 

CYNTHIA B. ZEIGLER XIWU ZHAN HUAI MIN ZHANG LIMIN ZHAO CHENG ZHI ZOU 
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2006 

ONTACTS

National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)828-271-4800www.ncdc.noaa.govNational Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)303-497-6826www.ngdc.noaa.govNational Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) 301-713-3277www.nodc.noaa.govNational Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC) 866-732-2382www.ncddc.noaa.govCenter for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)301-763-8127www.orbit.nesdis.noaa.gov/starOffi ce of Satellite Data Processing and Distribution (OSDPD)301-457-5120www.osdpd.noaa.govOffi ce of Satellite Operations (OSO)301-817-4000 www.oso.noaa.govOffi ce of Systems Development (OSD)301-457-5277www.osd.noaa.govGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Series R (GOES-R) Program301-286-3033osd.goes.noaa.govNational Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Offi ce (IPO)301-713-4850www.ipo.noaa.govOffi ce of Space Commercialization (OSC)202-482-6125www.nesdis.noaa.gov/spaceOffi ces of the Chief Financial Offi cer (CFO) and Chief Administrative Offi cer 

(CAO), Chief Information Offi cer (CIO), and Chief of Staff (COS)301-713-3578www.nesdis.noaa.govCommercial Remote Sensing Compliance and Monitoring Program (CRSCMP)

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