UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C

. 20460 

## DEC 

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MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION



### SUBJECT: BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Clothianidin (044309)


### FROM:

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TO: David Brassard, Senior Entomologist 

# Pw**~** Biological Analysis Branch Rafael Prieto, Environmental Protection Specialist 

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# 'p**~** Science Information and Analysis Branch

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# Ltf**~** Derek Berwald, Economist Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) Arnet

### Jones, Chief /.)

# ~**~~** Biological Analysis Branch

# ~U Diann Sims, Chief

# .£J~ Science Information and Analysis Branch Timothy Kiely, Chief \ A**~**

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### Biological and Economic Analy'

# DiviSiOn~) Economic Analysis Branch V"'-

- Russell Wasem, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 1 Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)


### ProductReview Panel date: December 7, 2011
INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest management roles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status
1ofclothianidin (044309), and eventuallythe general public. This document builds uponthe data already provided inthe "Usage and Label Use Data Packages" that are also providedto Registration Reviewteams by BEAD. The document is based oninfonnation and data available to BEAD as ofNovember 31, 2011. Clothianidin is a nicotinoid insecticide which was first registered for use as pesticide in the United States in 2003. Nicotinoid insecticides are similarto and modeled after the natural nicotine. The nicotinoids act onthe central nervous system ofinsects, causing irreversible blockage ofthe postsynaptic nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors (via a selective agonistic mechanism). The primarypests targeted for control with clothianidininclude; wirewonn, seed maggot, rootwonns (com and western com), cutwonns, grubs, and European comborer.

USE SITES Agricultural Use Sites Clothianidin is labeled for use onroot andtubervegetables, bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables (brassica and non-brassica), legumes, fruiting vegetables, cucurbits, citrus fruit, pome fruit, stone fruit, berries and small fruit, tree nuts, cereal grains, oilseed crops, and otherunclassified crops (Table 1). T bi 1 R . t d U S·t fi CI tho ·d· b EPA G S·t

a e egis ere se I es or 0 lam In )Y roup Ie. Crop Group Site Crops Vegetable, root and tuber, group 01 Ginger, Turmeric, Turnip, Artichoke (Chinese, Jerusalem), Carrot, Dasheen, Potato, Sweetpotato, Yam, Cassava (bitter, sweet), Arrowroot, Tanier, Leren, Chufa, Arracacha, Sugarbeet Vegetable, bulb, group 03 Leek, Bulb onion Vegetable, leafy, exceptbrassica, Celery, Radicchio, Com salad, Dandelion, Endive, Fennel, Cress (garden, group 04 upland), Parsley, Rhubarb, Spinach, Swiss chard, Lettuce (head, leaf), Cardoon, Chinese spinach, Amaranth, New Zealand spinach, Chervil, Arugula, Celtuce, Chrysanthemum, Dock, Orach, Purlane (garden, winter) Vegetable, brassica leafy, group 05 Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Collards, Chinese cabbage (celery, napa, bok choy, mizuna), Kale, Kohlrabi, Mustard green, Rapeseed greens, Broccoli raab, Chinese broccoli, Chinese mustard, Mustard spinach Vegetable, legume, group 06 Soybean Vegetables, fruiting, group 08 Eggplant, Pepper (sweet, bell, chili, cooking), Tomato, Pepino, Tomatillo, Ground cherry Vegetable, cucurbit, group 09 Golden pershaw melon, snake melon, pineapple melon, santa claus melon, Cantaloupe, Casaba melon, Crenshaw melon, Honey ball melon, Honeydew melon, Muskmelon, Watermelon, Chinese waxgourd, Chinese cucumber, Cucumber, Pumpkin, Squash (scallop, straight neck, acorn, crookneck, summer, hubbard, winter, zucchini, spaghetti, hyotan butternut), Citron melon, Bittermelon, Balsam pear, Gourd, Gherkin, Mango melon, Chayote Fruit, citrus, group 10 Citron, Lemon, Lime Fruit, pome, group 11 Apple, Crabapple, Pear, Oriental pear, Quince, Loquat Fruit, stone, group 12 Peach Berry and small fruit, group 13 Blueberry, Cranberry, Grapes

2Crop Group Site Crops Nut, tree, group 14 Almond, Brazil nut, Cashew, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Filbert, Hickory nut, Macadamia nut, Pecan, English Walnut, Butternut, Blackwalnut, Beech nut, Chinquapin Grain, cereal, group 15 Com (field, pop, and sweet), Millet (pearl, proso), Barley, Oat, Rye, Wheat, Triticale, Teosinte, Buckwheat, Sorghum Oilseed crop, group 20 Canola, Com, Cotton No group name, group 99 Strawberry, Fig, Pomegranate, Artichoke (globe), Tobacco Non-Agricultural Use Sites Clothianidin is used onornamentals, golfcourses, airfields, airports, buildings, domestic dwellings, schools, playgrounds, and also onlivestockpens and poultry houses.

COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Clothianidin is formulated as a solid in several forms (granular, dust) and as solution in emulsifiable and flowable concentrate, soluble concentrate and as ready-to-use. Clothianidin is applied to agricultural crops as a foliar, soil, or seedtreatment.
USAGE Agricultural Usage Based onprivate market pesticide usage data from 2004-2010, on average, approximately 800,000 pounds ofclothianidin was applied to 35 million acres per year (Proprietary Data, 2004- 2010). Since clothianidin was registered in 2003 usage has been increasing. Com is the largest market for clothianidin, accounting for 99% ofthe average pounds applied and acres treated from 2004-2010. The states withthe most agricultural usage interms ofpounds A. I. applied are Illinois (16%), Iowa (15%), Nebraska (9%), and Indiana (9%). These states also ranked similarly interms ofthe total area treated. Non-Agricultural Usage BEAD reviewed available non-agricultural sources and found information was limited to use of clothianidin in golfcourses, with 1,000 lbs. AI in 2006. (Kline Studies, Inc., 2006)

USE TRENDS Figure 1 depicts usage trends, in terms ofpounds applied, for clothianidin's largest agricultural markets. The use ofclothianidin increased from 2004 through 2009, with a slight decrease in 2010 (Fig. 1). There is also a recent butminor increase in sugarbeet use and other crops.

3Figure 1. Usage trends (2004-2010) in tenns ofpounds applied for clothianidin main agricultural use sites. 1,400,000



### o 2004 2005 2006

2004-2010, Proprietary Data 2007 2008 Year 2009 2010 

### oAll Other Crops

. Sugar Beets

. Corn

Note: "All other crops" refers toApples, Cotton, Grapes (Raisin, Table, Wine), Pears, Pecans, Potatoes, Sorghum (Milo), Soybeans, Squash, Wheat (Spring, Winter).

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO CLOTIDANIDIN One incident ofresistance has been noted for clothianidin inthe United States. Mota-Sanchez et al (2006) reported resistance and cross resistance to nicotinoid insecticides and spinosad inthe Colorado potato beetle in Long Island, NY. The lack ofadditional resistance reports for the variety ofregistered crops indicates that insecticide resistance is not an issue with clothianidin at this time

HISTORY OF BEAD ASSESSMENTS FORCLOTIDANIDIN BEAD has reviewed the use ofclothianidin four times inrecent years inresponse to requests for a Section 18 emergency exemption. In 2009, BEAD concluded that clothianidin was an effective control ofthe exotic white grub in sweetpotato inNorth Carolina (Brassard and Ranville, 2009). The only other effective chemistry was a soil application ofimidacloprid. The 125 day preharvest interval for imidacloprid was longer than the time between sweetpotato planting and harvest, making itinfeasible. Non-chemical controls have not shown efficacy. Losses to the exotic white grub can range from 40

- 95% in the areas where it is a found

.

4In 2008, BEAD reviewed a request for an emergency exemption for use ofa clothianidin seed treatment against seedcorn maggot, onion maggots, and thrips in·leeks, bulb, and green onions in NewJersey (Cook and Faulkner, 2008). These pests had developed resistance against diazinon and chlorpyrifos, and resistance was developing in cryomazine. Cultural controls and other chemicals have provento be ineffective against these early seasonpests. BEAD analysts concluded that yield loss in green onions and leeks canbe 25

- 30% and yield losses of 10

- 20% were likely in bulb onions. For all three crops, BEAD found the situation metthe criteria for a Section 18 exemption for the use ofclothianidin.

. Also in 2008, Californiarequested use ofclothianidin to control seedcorn maggot in onion seed in six counties (Kaul and Hill, 2008a). Seedcorn maggot was a relatively recent pest in California, causing damage early in the season. Fortwo counties in Northern California, BEAD analysts concludedthat loss estimates of28

- 30% were reasonable estimates in the onion growing areas ofSiskiyou and Modoc counties. Onreviewing later evidence submitted by California, the conclusion was extendedto the Central California counties ofKings, Monterey, Santa Clara and Stanislaus, where onion seed may also be grown (Kaul and Hill, 2008b).

DATA NEEDS RELEVANT TO BEAD'SFUTUREWORK ON CLOTHIANIDIN Obtaining additional information onthe following items would improve future BEAD assessments ofthe importance ofClothianidin and may be required as part ofthe registration review ofthis pesticide. Usage data associated with clothianidin use on ornamental plants and turf. Requested usage data should include use site, applicationrate, application method, timing ofapplication, acres/area treated, and comparative efficacy to registered alternative insecticides.
REFERENCES Brassard, D and M Ranville. 2009. Review ofSection 18 Submission from North Carolina for an Emergency Exemption for the Use ofClothianidinas a Soil Treatment on Sweetpotato to Control the Exotic White Grub, Plectris aliena (09NCOl; DP Number 365058), July 13,2009 Cook, C and J. Faulkner. 2008. Review ofEmergency Exemption Submissionto Use Clothianidin on Onion and Leeks to Control Seedcorn Maggots, Onion Maggots, and Thrips in NewJersey (08NJOl, DP

### # 350982, Decision

### # 391 556), September 18,2008. Kaul, M. andE. Hill, 2008a. Review ofthe EmergencyExemptionRequest ofCaliforniato Use Clothianidinto Control Seed ComMaggot in Onion Seed for DryBulb Onion Production. DP

### # 355521, September 10,2008. Kaul, M. and

### E. Hill, 2008b. Supplemental to the Review ofthe Emergency Exemption Request ofCaliforniato Use Clothianidin to Control Seed ComMaggot in Onion Seed for Dry Bulb Onion Production. (08CAI6) (DP 

### # 356636), October 3, 2008.



### 5Kline 

### & Co., Inc., 2006. Mota-Sanchez, D., Hollingworth, RM, Grafius, EJ, Moyer, DD. (2006). Resistance and crossresistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and spinosad in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). PestManagement Science, 62,30-37. Proprietary Data, 1998-2010.



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