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32–721 2007

JOINT COMMITTEE 

MEETING 

MEETING 

BEFORE THE

JOINT COMMITTEE OF CONGRESS 

ON THE LIBRARY 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

MEETING HELD IN WASHINGTON, DC, JUNE 28, 2006 

Printed for the use of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library 

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cprice-sewell on PRODPC61 with HEARING
(II) 

JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LIBRARY 

VERNON J. EHLERS, Representative from Michigan, Chairman 

TED STEVENS, Senator from Alaska, Vice-Chairman 

House Senate 

CANDICE MILLER, Michigan 

CHARLES TAYLOR, North Carolina 

JUANITA MILLENDER-McDONALD, 

California 

ZOE LOFGREN, California 

THAD COCHRAN, Mississippi 

TRENT LOTT, Mississippi 

CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut 

CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York 

BRYAN T. DORSEY, Staff Director 

JENNIFER MIES LOWE, Staff Director 


cprice-sewell on PRODPC61 with HEARING
(1) 

BUSINESS MEETING 

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 28, 2006 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 

JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LIBRARY, 

Washington, DC. 

The joint committee met, pursuant to call, at 3:06 p.m., in room 

H–140, The Capitol, Hon. Vernon Ehlers (chairman of the joint 

committee) presiding. 

Present: Representatives Ehlers, Miller, Taylor, MillenderMcDonald, and Lofgren. 

Chairman EHLERS. Good afternoon. The only good news I received so far is an e-mail I just received that said we probably 

won’t have votes in the House until 4 o’clock, at the earliest, so 

that means our meeting should not be interrupted. The bad news 

is that we are likely to not have any Senators present because of 

various meetings and circumstances they have in the Senate. However, we have full representation for the House, so we, under the 

rules, are allowed to proceed without any Senators present, and so 

we will take up our business. 

First item of business is—this is to remind me as much as anyone—please turn off cellular phones, pagers, et cetera, so we can 

have a nice progressive quiet meeting. 

I will proceed with the opening statement. 

I certainly welcome our representatives here. I am glad you are 

setting an example by all showing up. And I won’t say anything 

about that indicating better operation of the House, that would be 

impolite, so I didn’t say that. But I just wanted you to know I am 

not saying it. 

The committee’s agenda has some important business items that 

need our immediate consideration. Our first witness is the Librarian of Congress, Dr. James H. Billington. Dr. Billington will be discussing two items with us today. First, the Librarian is seeking 

JCL endorsement of his plans to redesign the space within the Jefferson Building. This proposal has the potential to open up nearly 

triple the amount of existing to the public within the Jefferson 

Building, and I look forward to hearing more of Dr. Billington’s 

plans on this topic. 

Second, the Librarian is seeking JCL approval to explore the possibility of naming the National Audio Visual Conservation Center 

in Culpeper, Virginia after Mr. David Woodley Packard, a distinguished gentleman from the State of California. Mr. Packard had 

donated the majority of the money for the creation of this new facility which will house the entirety of the library’s audio visual collections. The committee appreciates the intention of the Librarian to 

2 

recognize Mr. Packard’s generosity, and looks forward to hearing 

more about the exploratory efforts into naming the facility for its 

primary benefactor. 

I have personally met Mr. Packard’s father some years ago, and 

in fact, would not have been able to complete my Ph.D research 

without the wonderful equipment that he generated when they 

first started Hewlett Packard company. 

Next we will hear from the Architect of the Capitol, Mr. Alan M. 

Hantman. Mr. Hantman will be discussing several issues with us 

today pertaining to statues and their placement, and will give us 

an update on the status on the National Garden Project that is 

nearing completion. 

Regarding the proposal for the relocation of statues in the National Statuary Hall collection to the Capitol Visitor Center and the 

subsequent relocation within the Capitol, I want to stress the importance of bringing this to the JCL members’ attention now, as we 

are roughly 1 year from the opening of the CVC. This proposal has 

been developed in conjunction with House, Senate and Capitol curators, and some input from me after I had an initial briefing. 

From the earliest discussions, one of the benefits of the CVC facility was that it would lessen the congestion in the Capitol by increasing the amount of space available for artistic and historic 

works in the CVC. 

I urge all members to review this proposal, and we will soon be 

organizing meetings for members to meet with the curators to assist in the development of a final plan that will meet JCL approval. 

Mr. Hantman will also discuss concerns about a proposed design 

of a replacement statue requested by the Alabama Statue Committee. Members may remember that in 2001, the JCL approved 

the Alabama Statue Committee’s request to replace their statue of 

Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry with a statue of Helen Keller. Last 

year, the JCL approved their request to depict Helen Keller as a 

child. The Statue Committee has now submitted their final design 

plan for JCL approval. The architect will present concerns regarding this design. The JCL will send a letter to the Alabama Statue 

Committee outlining those issues, and state that final JCL approval is contingent upon addressing those concerns. 

Also on our agenda today is the discussion of H.R. 4145, which 

was signed into law last December directing the JCL to procure a 

statue of Rosa Parks. Following the adoption of H.R. 4145, JCL 

staff approached the House, Senate and Capitol curators to determine an appropriate process. 

In keeping with the precedent set with the procurement of the 

bust of Martin Luther King, Jr., the Architect of the Capitol has 

approached the National Endowment for the Arts to run the artist 

selection process. The NEA has outlined how they would manage 

this process, and is ready to proceed as soon as an interagency 

agreement is signed. Included in the House version of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 2007 is $370,000 for the commission of the statue, and an administrative provision giving the JCL 

the authority to direct the Architect of the Capitol to sign that 

interagency agreement. It is my intention that we will formally endorse this process today. 

3 

Finally, Mr. Hantman will give the committee a construction update on the progress of the National Garden. 

We look forward to hearing from our witnesses today and coming 

to resolution on several of these matters. 

Again, I want to welcome all of the members here today. And I 

was about to turn to the vice chairman for his statement, but there 

will not be one; mine was long enough to make up for both of us. 

This is probably one of the busiest JCL meetings that I have ever 

attended. There has been lot of activity with the CVC and with 

other areas of the Library, partly as a result of the work on the 

CVC, and so we have a lot of business today. 

Next we turn to Dr. James Billington, the Librarian of the Congress, for some brief comments regarding the issues of the Jefferson Building redesign and the naming of the National Audio Visual 

Conservation Center. 

Dr. Billington, you are recognized. 

STATEMENT OF JAMES H. BILLINGTON, LIBRARIAN OF 

CONGRESS 

Mr. BILLINGTON. Thank you, Chairman Ehlers, members of the 

committee, it is really an honor and pleasure to be able to speak 

before you today. In the interest of time, I would ask that my statement be submitted for the record, along with the updated information we provided about a number of important developments in the 

Library. 

Chairman EHLERS. Without objection, so ordered. 

[The statement of Dr. Billington follows:] 

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Mr. BILLINGTON. I will confine my remarks to the two topics that 

appear on your agenda, the Jefferson’s Visitors Experience and recognition in naming the Audio Visual Center in Culpeper, Virginia 

for its principal donor, David Woodley Packard. The Library will 

provide briefing materials on both of these topics. 

The Library’s Jefferson experience will focus on Bringing Knowledge into Life, that is the theme, with 10 exhibitions that will 

make accessible in new ways vast areas of the Library’s collection. 

With Congress’s support, since 1800, the library has amassed the 

largest collection anywhere of the world’s knowledge and of our Nation’s creativity. The Visitor’s Experience in the Jefferson Building 

will introduce a greatly expanded number of visitors permitted by 

the passageway from the new CVC, a great number of—increased 

number of visitors to the richness of what Congress has preserved 

in its library. It will use state-of-the-art technology to link the visitor to the on-going quest for knowledge into the library’s Webbased resources for learning. We ask for the committee’s endorsement today of this general project, noting that the Library will continue to update the committee as we finalize all of the specific 

plans for the individual exhibition elements. 

Our excellent chief of staff, Jo Ann Jenkins, behind me here is 

managing the development of the Jefferson Visitors Experience, 

and she, as well as I, will be glad to answer any questions that the 

committee has about it. 

The second item, the Library has received a number of major 

gifts over the course of my tenure here. The completion of the new 

National Audio Visual Conservation Center by the Packard Humanities Institute—— 

Chairman EHLERS. May I interrupt you for a second? Let’s dispose of the Jefferson Building exhibit issue first. Do you have any 

drawings or charts that you wish to enter? 

Mr. BILLINGTON. Yes. Mr. Chairman, this outline of the proposal 

with a visual explanation, timelines and some visual depiction of 

the plan. 

Chairman EHLERS. I just wanted to make certain that all the 

members had seen this. I have seen it before, but—— 

Mr. BILLINGTON. Yes, sir. 

Chairman EHLERS. I want to make sure everyone had. 

Mr. BILLINGTON. If there are for any specific questions that have 

been raised about this, either now or later, of course we will be 

happy to answer them. 

But we are proceeding on the basis of respect for the integrity 

of the marvelous restoration that the Congress has done of the extraordinary Jefferson building, but at the same time, utilizing new 

techniques, and above all, the connection between the enhanced exhibits in the public spaces of the Library and the online virtual library, which, as you know, received about nearly 4 billion electronic transactions last year and will probably receive a great deal 

more than that, it is an educational tool free for everyone everywhere. 

So we want to make a connection with that, but we also want 

to accommodate the vastly increased number of visitors that are 

expected with the opening of the CVC and the passageway through 

to the Library. 

7 

Chairman EHLERS. And this will not involve any major reconstruction, correct? It is just operating within the existing facility. 

Mr. BILLINGTON. No. We are carefully trying to keep from restructuring and reconfiguring in any major way. We are building 

some new exhibition space in one area for this collection, and there 

will be some other minor accommodations to the new exhibits and 

the new materials. But it basically will respect the integrity of the 

building. In fact, part of the purpose of it, one of the major exhibits 

is the building itself—is to illuminate in new ways to enable people 

to see some of those marvelous frescoes drawings, and mottos, the 

various exuberant features of the interior space there. 

Chairman EHLERS. And I understand this is going to be financed 

entirely with contributions? 

Mr. BILLINGTON. Yes. This is all privately funded. We have just 

received, I am happy to say, just yesterday, a million dollar private 

donation for the creation of America exhibit, which we will be putting on since the Library of Congress has practically all the documents of the 18th century which led to the creation of the United 

States. 

So as we celebrate creativity, we kind of begin by celebrating the 

creativity involved in the very creation of the United States of 

America. 

Chairman EHLERS. Any questions from members? 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Yes, Ms. Millender-McDonald. 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Thank you very much. 

And this is really quite an innovative program. I was struck 

when I got this from staff and saw the first thing creating the 

United States. That is something that I am going to go online and 

look at and see what is going on, because those are important 

things that when I speak to students on the high-school campuses, 

they are asking all of these things, discovering the world. I think 

these are not only innovative, I think they are very much exciting 

for a new breed, a whole new infrastructure, if you will, for the Library of Congress. And so I applaud you on this. I certainly am 

very excited about the interaction through technology because 

within—I hope I am not overstepping in saying that this is something that our children in the schools and all can then access so 

that they can have this outstanding—these galleries brought right 

into their schools and into their homes. 

And Mr. Chairman,—it is all privately funded, an important aspect. So I am very thrilled and excited about this, and I certainly 

endorse it. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you. The gentlewoman from Michigan, 

the wonderful state of Michigan. 

Representative MILLER. Yes. We do love our state of Michigan, 

Mr. Chairman, but I just want to associate myself with Representative Millender-McDonald’s remarks as well, because this is an exciting thing. 

Watching the Library of Congress and all of this technology that 

you are talking about incorporating reminds me of when the Internet was really coming into its heyday 10 years ago, and people 

would think about librarians or libraries almost becoming passe, 

because of all this technology. But instead of that the libraries, 

8 

with the national model of the Library of Congress, have really become the role model of how we can utilize kiosks and technology 

in everything. 

Our younger generation, of course, is so used to accessing all 

kinds of information electronically, and as you incorporate all that 

into this, I think it is going to be a fantastic thing. And particularly 

with the new Capitol Visitors Center, I was thinking, just coming 

to this meeting here today, trying to get through the hallway with 

all the visitors that are all lined up into the hallways trying to get 

over into taking a Capitol tour, and how we might take advantage 

of attracting visitors into the Jefferson Building. 

I was just wondering, do you have any idea or estimate of how 

many additional visitors you might think would come to the Library of Congress once all of that is melded into itself? 

Mr. BILLINGTON. Well, the figure that we have been given by experts who study this is it is likely to be as many as 31⁄2 million people, as distinguished from the somewhat over a million that we annually get already. There will be two entrances, not only the entrance from the Capitol Visitors Center, which is of course very important—and by the way, this will celebrate an aspect of the Congress that will be in addition to those celebrated in the Visitors 

Center itself because we are the only government in the world that 

has preserved the private sector creativity of its people in all its 

different aspects. 

And by locating the Copyright Office in the Library of Congress, 

the Congress, as the legislative branch of government, has, in fact, 

been the preserver of its own creative heritage of not just of what 

governments do, but really what individuals have done in all different walks of life. 

So yes, the entrance will be not only for the Capitol Visitors Center, but also from the upper steps through the building’s main entrance. So they will be able to go in, and the first experience will 

be the Great Hall itself, this marvelous space. And there will be 

the entry point direct from those steps so that we will be able to 

welcome visitors but interfere with the entry or work for scholars 

or the work of the reading rooms. Scholars and researchers will 

enter from the other side of the building. The new entrance will 

permit a greatly increased flow of visitors which current estimates 

indicates might be as much as three times or perhaps 31⁄2 times as 

much as now visiting. 

Representative MILLER. Okay, well, thank you very much. 

Chairman EHLERS. Other questions or discussion? 

Just one comment, I don’t know to what extent the members of 

this committee, the newer members have had an opportunity to 

tour the Library of Congress, but I certainly hope you would contact all of them and offer a tour. And I should take another one, 

it has been several years since I have been there. 

Thank you very much. So your request at this point is to proceed 

with the design. And I therefore move that we endorse the Library 

of Congress Jefferson Building Exhibit Space Redesign Plan contingent upon the commitment of the Librarian to keep the JCL fully 

apprised of the progress being made with regard to the redesign 

plans it moves forward. The question—— 

9 

Representative MILLENDER-McDONALD. I second that, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. The question is on the motion, all those in 

favor say aye. Aye. Those opposed, no. The motion is adopted. The 

motion is agreed to, the plan is endorsed. 

Next we move to the naming of the National Audio Visual Conservation Center. 

At this time, the committee is moving to approve the Librarian’s 

request to explore naming the NAVCC after its major donor. The 

committee also expects that we will be kept fully informed of developments of your discussions and design plans, and that final approval of the naming will be brought before this committee again 

for review and approval. 

Representative LOFGREN. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Yes, Representative Lofgren. 

Representative LOFGREN. I would just like to know—I was actually not focused on the fact that we have long ago set the precedent 

of naming things for private individuals in the Library. And although one could argue we should not have ever done that, that is 

long past us. And so, I will certainly not raise that issue today. 

I would just like to say that David Packard was a resident of my 

county and I knew him, and he was a marvelous individual. And 

his son, really it couldn’t be a better choice because of the premier 

role he has played, actually, in the preservation of film in a very 

generous way. So I think this is very fitting, and I appreciate the 

Librarian’s leadership in this, not to mention the great generosity 

of the Packard family. 

Chairman EHLERS. I appreciate your comments because there 

has been some controversy about naming—not this particular naming, but naming of certain other things in the Library. But this 

particular facility is far outside Washington, and I think there 

should be no question about proceeding with this. 

Congressman Taylor. 

Mr. TAYLOR. Mr. Chairman, I would support what the young lady 

has just said. As a member of the legislative branch sub-committee 

since 1993, I have seen the great works that the Packard family 

has done and the contributions they have made to the Library. And 

I will certainly echo what the young lady said that tribute should 

be paid to people who make that kind of contribution. 

Representative LOFGREN. Well, I certainly appreciate being referred to as a young lady, that is the first time that that has happened in quite some time. 

Chairman EHLERS. I will refer to you that way more frequently. 

I take it there is general agreement—— 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Mr. Chairman, may I 

just make a statement, though? I certainly do concur with you as 

long as they say ‘‘young lady.’’ 

While I concur with my colleague from California and those on 

the committee, Mr. Chairman, I am concerned about naming of 

buildings. We can go on and on ad infinitum with this. Hopefully 

we can review this to be very cautious as we move because once 

something starts, then it becomes a rippling effect. And we just 

cannot name all of these public buildings after folks, irrespective 

of the contributions that they make. 

10 

So at one point, I suppose we need to review that. I will not oppose this, but of course, I think this is something we need to look 

at. 

Chairman EHLERS. Point well taken. And as you know, there is 

an absolute rule against naming anything in the Capitol Building 

for any person, other than someone who has served here. Similarly, 

when the Visitor Center concept was developed, there was an attempt to raise money. We couldn’t raise large amounts of money 

without naming things, and the Speaker, in his wisdom, absolutely 

refused and said we will pay for it ourselves then. 

The Botanic Garden, there has been some controversy about 

that, and there has been controversy about various artifacts in the 

Library as well. And there is a loose policy, I don’t think there is 

a tight policy at this point. 

Representative LOFGREN. Mr. Chairman, I was wondering, the 

same question about a policy—and clearly I think we are all one 

mind on this particular instance, but I would like to see a written 

policy so that we don’t get into trouble down the line, and perhaps 

that is something the Librarian could suggest to us. 

Chairman EHLERS. I think there is a written policy, but I would 

request that the staff go back and review the various policy decisions made in the past and see if they form a coherent picture or 

whether we really have to come up with a stated policy. 

In view of the affirmative comments, I move to authorize 

Dr. Billington and his staff to explore the idea of naming the National Audio Visual Conservation Center after Mr. David 

Woodley Packard. The question is on the motion. All those in 

favor say aye. Aye. Those opposed, no. The ayes have it, and the 

motion is agreed to and the request is approved. 

Thank you, Mr. Billington, for your testimony and your efforts. 

And thank you to the Library staff, too. The Library staff is very 

dedicated. I have a daughter who is a librarian, and she is also 

very dedicated. And so I appreciate—— 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Kudos all over the place 

today. 

Chairman EHLERS. Yes. I thought of a phrase, Congresswoman 

Miller, as you were talking about the change of computers, and 

that was survival for libraries and librarians, and survival brings 

progress in this case. So the libraries of today are far, far more useful and more valuable than they were 20 years ago. 

Chairman EHLERS. Now the committee turns its attention to Mr. 

Alan Hantman, the Architect of the Capitol. We look forward to 

hearing briefly from him on several matters pertaining to the Capitol Visitor Center’s statue plan, other statues and the National 

Garden. Mr. Hantman, we turn to you for any comments or testimony you would like to offer. 

STATEMENT OF HON. ALAN M. HANTMAN, FAIA, ARCHITECT 

OF THE CAPITOL 

Mr. HANTMAN. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman, members of the 

Joint Committee, and thank you for this opportunity to testify here 

today. 

I would like to update you on, of course, several of the issues that 

you mentioned, the first of which would be the CVC statue plan. 

11 

As final construction issues continue to progress on the Capitol’s 

Visitor Center, we are turning our attention to the exhibits and the 

art work that will enhance the CVC. Not only will the CVC welcome visitors, it will provide them with an introduction to the U.S. 

Capitol. Therefore, it is important to reflect the present, but also 

be respectful of the past. 

A way to link today with the traditions of yesterday is to relocate 

some of the statues in our National Statuary Hall collection from 

the Capitol to the CVC. As you mentioned before, Mr. Chairman, 

many of the statues that we have are kind of stuck in corners or 

backed up one to the other and not really displayed respectfully, 

and as you indicated, I think the CVC gives us an opportunity to 

do there that so they can actually be seen as they were designed. 

So the Architect of the Capitol, the House and the Senate curators have drafted a plan which outlines criteria for selecting statues to move and the reasons for moving them. Based on their 

knowledge, their experience and expertise, they originally identified 14 statues to be relocated from the National Statuary Hall collection to the CVC. Upon receiving feedback from the JCL staff, as 

well as you mentioned for yourself, Mr. Chairman, I had my staff 

revisit the plan and identify 14 additional locations in the CVC 

based on load capacity which could support statues. 

In reality, if we identified spaces throughout the CVC, spaces, 

some of which were not really visible to the public, we could probably go up to about 48 statues, but I am not sure that is a recommendation we want to make at this point. 

It is recommended, however, that statues selected to be moved 

into the CVC include those most recently added to the collection, 

only one per State, however, to allow for more diversity in the people represented and showing citizens who are part of our representational government. 

Another factor in placement should be the safety of both the statue and the visiting public. Other statues are very popular with visitors, and as a result, require additional care and conservation. 

Other considerations will be given to statue placement such as aesthetics, balance in the room in which each statue is placed, and its 

visibility. 

Given the costs associated with relocating the statues, we recommend that anywhere from 20 to 28 be moved to the CVC great 

hall and its surrounding areas. Other statues from the collection 

would be relocated within the Capitol Building to increase visibility 

and visit or accessibility to their home State statues. A list of statues recommended for relocation has been provided to the committee for its consideration. Exact locations have not yet been fully 

determined, nor has a schedule for these moves been decided. 

I would like to note for the record that the current arrangement 

of statues in the National Statuary Hall and the idea from having 

statues from the 13 colonies in the east front lobby was proposed 

by my predecessor, George White, in 1975. This plan went into effect as part of the partial restoration of the hall for the 1976 Bicentennial. The plan was approved at the time by the Chairman of the 

Joint Committee on the Library and the Chairman of the Senate 

Committee on Rules and Administration. In addition, the plan was 

reviewed and approved by an advisory committee consisting of a 

12 

curator from the Smithsonian, director of the National Collection of 

Fine Arts, director of the National Gallery of Art, and the chairman 

and executive secretary of the Fine Arts Commission. 

Our plan, Mr. Chairman, is to return to this concept by placing 

13 statues representing the original 13 colonies in the crypt. The 

plan’s goal was to restore order and beauty to the whole. Ten statues representing original States were moved to the east front 

lobby, which reduced overcrowding in the hall. In the National 

Statuary Hall there was a careful alternating arrangement of 

bronze and marble, with the bronzes placed in front of the columns. 

The statues were arranged in descending order of height on either 

side of the north entrance, and the seated statues were placed on 

either side of the fireplaces. 

Mr. Chairman, what we are presenting to you is a recommendation that was not developed in a vacuum, however, it is vital to 

have the committee’s input and support of any plan that moves forward. 

[The statement of Hon. Hantman follows:] 

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Chairman EHLERS. All right. I thank you for your summary of 

that. Just a bit of history, when the plans for the Capitol Visitors 

Center were being developed, the idea was to move approximately—and we talked only in rough numbers of 25 to 45 statues 

over there because the Capitol really looks a bit cluttered with the 

large number of statues we have here. And the worst part is visitors frequently cannot see the statues to good advantage because 

some are in front of others et cetera. So the idea was to move quite 

a few over to the CVC. 

And so when I heard the lower number that Mr. Hantman gave, 

I thought that was really not enough. So I appreciate you coming 

back with new plans and new ideas. 

I don’t think there is any further action needed from us on this 

issue, is there, other than discussion? 

Mr. HANTMAN. That is correct, sir. 

Chairman EHLERS. All right. The gentlelady from California? 

Representative LOFGREN. Yes, Mr. Chairman. 

I understand that having the original 13 and not all of them, I 

mean, that makes total sense. But taking a look at—it is appendix 

A that would be moved, I do have a concern—well, two suggestions. 

First, I think that the delegation of each State ought to be consulted before we move forward to solicit their point of view. And 

I would just note because it is in order, it has the unfortunate impact of all native peoples being moved to the basement, and I don’t 

think that is something we necessarily want to do. I mean, you 

have got the New Mexico statue and North Dakota, Wyoming and 

even Hawaii, and it has only been in recent times that we have recognized native peoples, but I think there will be some concern 

about that. And I think it is better to raise it early than late. And 

I would suggest maybe some other method than just time might 

want to be considered. 

Mr. HANTMAN. Mr. Chairman, if I may, just one comment. 

Chairman EHLERS. Yes, Mr. Hantman. 

Mr. HANTMAN. I think your comments are certainly appropriate. 

One thing that I want to point out to you is when you talked about 

moving them to the basement, what I would like to show you is a 

rendering of the great hall. And there are skylights over here letting in lots of light from the outside. These are representational 

statues that might be placed in the great hall. In fact, again, I 

want to thank you, Chairman Ehlers, for having so many Members 

of the House come on down and take a look at the space. I welcome 

the opportunity to walk all of you down there and show you what 

the space looks like because I think it is actually a space of honor, 

a space of quality that we are talking about over here. 

Clearly, States may choose to have their statues remain in the 

original Capitol as opposed to this complement to the Capitol, and 

that needs to be determined by people, other than myself certainly. 

But the ability to move statues I think is a good one. 

In fact, many of the delegates and the people from the State of 

Hawaii had come and basically asked to have their statue moved 

to the great hall over here because clearly, King Kamaya, for instance, is displayed in the second row—— 

Representative LOFGREN. He is stuck in the corner. 

19 

Mr. HANTMAN. He really is. So I think, again, there are quality 

locations, and I welcome the opportunity to show it to you. 

Representative LOFGREN. I actually toured, I think we all have— 

if I may continue, Mr. Chairman—there is something about being 

there right outside the floor of the House and to have all the statues of all the native peoples someplace else is going to become an 

issue, I guarantee you. So I think that we need to explore that and 

come up with a different method as well as consulting with the delegation. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you for the comment. Any further 

comment? 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Mr. Chairman, let me 

concur with the gentlelady from California, it is a sensitive issue 

that I think really deserves some further exploration. And I also 

concur that the Hawaiian statue that is hidden certainly should 

come out and come forward and be seen. And it is imperative that 

we do consult with those representatives representing those states 

so that we can ensure that they are satisfied with what you are 

saying. 

I also concur with what you are saying, that you are putting 

them in, I guess, a better light that will be representative of where 

and who they are, but it is very important that we get some sense 

of those who are representative of those States. 

And in saying that, Mr. Chairman, I just want to reiterate that 

Congresswoman Norton does have an issue that I hope we can resolve as well with reference to statues depicting and representing 

the District of Columbia. 

Chairman EHLERS. Any further discussion or comments? I would 

like to thank Ms. Lofgren for her comments on this and your affirmation of that. And obviously, we can’t do that in this formal setting, but it may very well be that we should call a meeting with— 

or invite Members of the House, Members of the Senate to review 

the document, submit their comments to us before we make any 

final decision. I appreciate the wisdom of that. 

Any further discussion on the Architect’s testimony up to this 

point? If not, we will move on to discussion of selection of the National Endowment For the Arts in connection with the Rosa Parks 

statue. You may proceed. 

Mr. HANTMAN. Yes, Mr. Chairman. 

In accordance with PL 109–16, a statue of Rosa Parks will be 

placed in National Statuary Hall to honor her role as a pioneer in 

the civil rights movement. The majority of the works of art in the 

U.S. Capitol have been donated by outside entities and have been 

accepted by Congressional authority, generally by the Joint Committee. 

The last full length statues were commissioned by the Congress 

in 1870, and the most recent example of a joint commission for a 

work of art was that for Martin Luther King, Jr., the bust that was 

dedicated in 1986. The artist was selected through a competition 

run by the National Endowment for the Arts and the artist’s contract was with the JCL. 

Currently, there is an amendment to the 2007 leg branch appropriations bill that would provide the JCL with the ability to grant 

authority to the AOC to contract for a sculpture of Rosa Parks. 

20 

Once the legislation is passed, the AOC will enter into a memorandum of understanding with the NEA, but the JCL will remain 

the decision-making authority. 

The approach we propose to take to commission the statue on the 

advice and recommendations of the AOC, the Senate and the 

House curators is to follow the general guidelines for replacement 

statues to the National Statuary Hall collection that were approved 

by the JCL in 2000. 

With these guidelines and requirements in place, an open, national designed competition would be held under the administration of the NEA. A deadline would be established and a proposal 

sent in by prospective sculptors would be screened for completeness 

and suitability by the NEA. The 

NEA then, in consultation with the JCL, the AOC, the Clerk of 

the House and Secretary of the Senate, would set up an outside advisory panel of approximately 9 people to include experts on civil 

rights history, African American art and history and portrait sculpture, as well as museum directors and curators and one layperson. 

At least five semifinalists would be selected by the panel. The 

semifinalists would then be commissioned to create maquettes, 

which would then become property of the U.S. government. The 

maquettes would be displayed, evaluated by the advisory panel, 

which would then make recommendations. The JCL would then select an artist. A contract between the contractor and the AOC 

would then be signed and a statue will be created. Upon its completion, the JCL will approve the statue’s permanent location, and 

Congress will determine the date and the location of an unveiling 

ceremony. 

My office has submitted a detailed plan for the record, and we 

look forward to receiving the committee’s final approval to move 

forward with the process upon passage of the fiscal year 2007 leg 

branch appropriations bill. 

Chairman EHLERS. Any question or comment on this process? 

Representative MILLENDER-McDONALD. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Ms. Millender-McDonald. 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. I thank you very much, 

Mr. Architect, for your comments. It seems to me a thorough understanding of the principle of placing Rosa Parks statue in a place 

that is visible and that will be complimentary of the work that she 

did. 

Most people think that it was Dr. Martin Luther King who started this. It was really Rosa Parks refusing to get up from a bus that 

really catapulted the civil rights movement. So your outside advisory panel is right in order to ensure that you have experts who 

really know about the civil rights movement. 

I was a young girl at the time, so I certainly have my knowledge 

of it, but I applaud you for getting this outside panel that will have 

a deep understanding of the civil rights movement. And I would 

hope, Mr. Chairman, and Mr. Architect, that we do not have a statue that is depictive of Dr. Martin Luther King. I do not like that 

sculpture because his hands are all underneath some type of a 

panel or podium. This man was a great orator, it should seem that 

his hands would be up in the air someplace as opposed to tucked 

down in this base that is there. And so I am hoping that perhaps 

21 

we can get someone to really do another statue of Dr. Martin Luther King that is depictive of the outstanding American that he 

was. 

So I am hoping that Rosa Parks sculpture would be one that 

really depicts this lady, either sitting on the bus or something that 

really connotes her outstanding contribution to this country and 

the world. It is not just for African Americans that these contributions were made, it was for all Americans. 

And so Mr. Chairman, I hope we approve this proposal, which 

will supply an orderly process to select a sculpture and to generate 

a magnificent statue of Rosa Parks for display in Statuary Hall or 

wherever that final destination will be. 

I commend the curators of the Capitol and of the House and the 

Senate for their efforts here, and we need to move forward on this. 

And that is my recommendation, thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you. 

Yes, Ms. Lofgren. 

Representative LOFGREN. This is the first time I have been involved in this, I don’t know what the process is. Does the committee get another look at this before—I was in local government 

for a long time, and I learned the sad story that delegating the art 

work to a committee can actually lead to problems. And so I am 

hoping that we might get another look at this before the whole 

process is done. 

Mr. HANTMAN. This committee actually has the final say on the 

selection. 

Representative LOFGREN. But we would get a mark up before—— 

Mr. HANTMAN. Yes. The NEA would select five finalists and the 

maquettes, the small models of these, would come before this committee for selection of the one that actually gets to be implemented. 

Representative LOFGREN. Thank you very much. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you for the comment. 

Yes, Ms. Miller. 

Representative MILLER. Yes, very briefly. It is my understanding there is about $300,000 in the appropriation process, it may be a 

little more than that. 

Mr. TAYLOR. 370. 

Representative MILLER. I have no idea how much a statue like 

this costs, and I am not really that interested in it; whatever it is 

going to cost, I know we are going to want to fund it. 

And I would also say this, many people think about Rosa Parks 

as being from Alabama, but subsequently, she moved to Detroit, 

Michigan and we called her Mother Parks. And last October at her 

funeral it was an unbelievable event. And then to have her lie here 

in state—the first woman, actually, I believe, and the second African-American ever to do so, so it is very appropriate that we do 

move forward in this and make sure we fund it to whatever we 

need to do to recognize an extraordinary American. Thank you. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you. And I would also mention for everyone’s information that this process was started by a statue. And 

so much of what we are talking about is determined in that initial 

piece of legislation, including placement. And so if there are questions about that, look at it. 

22 

But I would like to hear input from all my members about this 

as we go along, but also from you. I hope we see the progress of 

it rather than—I have been precisely the same position as Mrs. 

Lofgren at the local level. You cannot imagine the horror of dealing 

with 20,000 angry constituents about how their money has been 

spent, and so we want to be certain that we are kept up to date 

as this progresses. Thank you. 

On that, we need to go through a legal motion on this. I move 

to allow the Architect of the Capitol to enter into an interagency 

agreement with the National Endowment of the Arts to run the selection process for selecting a group of appropriate artists for the 

Rosa Parks statue. The JCL will then be responsible for making 

the final selection from the panel of artists, and the Architect will 

sign a contract with the artist. The question is on the motion—— 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. So moved, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. All those in favor say aye. Aye. Those opposed, no. The ayes have it. The motion carries. 

Two other items that we have to cover, the first is the Helen Keller statue, and I believe you have something to report on that. 

Mr. HANTMAN. Yes, Mr. Chairman, thank you. 

The last update with regard to statues specifically involves the 

proposed replacement of one of Alabama’s statues, as you mentioned, Mr. Chairman, Jabez Lamar Curry with one of Helen Keller. As you know, this would be the second replacement statue. The 

State of Kansas recalled Governor Glick and brought General Eisenhower into the Rotunda for us. And so that essentially was the 

logjam that broke the dam, and now we are seeing other States 

recommending replacement statues, and this is the first of the next 

batch. 

The JCL approved the proposal in September of 2001 and approved the concept of depicting Helen Keller as a child at the pump 

where she first understood the word ‘‘water’’ in May 2005. The 

committee has yet to give its final approval to the design of the 

statue or the inscriptions intended to appear on the pedestal. 

Based on the expertise and advice of the AOC curator, I recommend to the committee that modifications to the statue’s design 

and inscriptions be made before final approval is granted. These 

changes would ensure that the statue is consistent with others in 

the National Statuary Hall collection. These recommended changes 

include increasing the height of the pedestal, eliminating overhanging ivy and reducing the number of ivy leaves projecting from 

the statue which could pose a safety hazard. To modify and to reduce the number of plaques on the pedestal to ensure that all information would be seen, and to minimize use of colored patinas to 

ensure that the statue can be easily maintained and repaired. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you for that report. I just want to 

make two quick comments on that. 

First of all, I am concerned about the request to increase the 

height of the platform because I thought one of the assets of this 

statue, since it portrays Helen Keller as a child, one of the major 

assets would be that the children visiting the Capitol would see a 

statue of someone their size and someone similar to them. And it 

seems to me that the higher the pedestal, the less the children will 

23 

regard this as a compatriot, someone that they can aspire to be. 

And I just wanted to pass on that comment. 

As far as the ivy, that is a very tricky question, I am not sure 

how they will solve that. One of my fictitious suggestions is that 

we just plant ivy in a pot and change it every six weeks. It would 

make it the most interesting statue in the Capitol. 

With that, we will turn to other—— 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Ms. Millender-McDonald. 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. I, too, was concerned 

about the ivy all around, but I was deeply concerned about a 

woman who dared to be different, a woman who is recognized as 

a woman for all of her contributions. I have a book here that 

speaks to her meeting with numerous presidents and had a long 

tradition of meeting with presidents from Grover Cleveland 

through John F. Kennedy, Harry Truman was moved to tears by 

this extraordinary woman. 

And so, as I go further into the book, we talk about her visiting 

wounded soldiers at a hospital in North Carolina in 1945. Most of 

us—and perhaps while there is flattery about continuing to say 

‘‘young women’’ around this room, this is where I best remember 

Helen Keller. And it seems to me that it will be more prudent, I 

guess you might say, or certainly should be thought about that we 

display her as a woman as opposed to a child. 

And I understand what the chairman speaks about in terms of 

children, but a lot of her contributions, top fund raiser for The 

Blind Foundation, many, many other contributions that she has 

made to this society, an extraordinary American, it seems to me 

that no boundaries to courage that you will find her more as a 

woman who received degrees in different places. 

Mr. Chairman, it just seems to me that while we are awaiting 

the final decision from Alabama in terms of changing the statue 

from Mr. Monroe Curry to Ms. Keller, it seems to me fitting for 

that to happen. But of course, as my colleague from California 

says, we have to make sure that full representation of Alabama is 

on track. I am not sure whether they have made the final approval 

of that, and you can answer that. But my suggestion would be to 

have a picture of this extraordinary American woman who dared 

to be different as a woman as opposed to a child. Thank you, Mr. 

Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. I believe—well, I will have to ask you what 

the role is of the Federal government versus the state. But it is my 

understanding the state’s specific request is that they be allowed 

to portray her as a child; is that correct? 

Mr. HANTMAN. That is correct, Mr. Chairman. In May of 2005, 

in fact, that specific request came through the State, and this committee approved that. 

Chairman EHLERS. And does the Congress have a role in choosing the statues, or do we generally accept—— 

Mr. HANTMAN. Each individual state basically chooses their own 

sculpture and how they will portray the individual, how they are 

honored, and this would be the first child, of course. 

Chairman EHLERS. Perhaps you would like to express our concern to the Alabama delegation. 

24 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. Well, having been born 

in Birmingham, Alabama, I will certainly revert back—though I 

have lived in California for 51 years, I will revert back to my— 

bring it up in Alabama and talk with them. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Please do that. And I didn’t realize you were 

born in Alabama. That means in another 50 years your statue will 

replace—— 

Representative MILLENDER-MCDONALD. I thank you very much, 

Mr. Chairman. 

Chairman EHLERS. Well, we can now proceed—yes, Ms. Lofgren. 

Representative LOFGREN. I understand the Architect’s point that 

this statue at this stature is going to look very out of place; I mean, 

it doesn’t look like—it doesn’t have the gravitas of the rest of the 

statues. And I understand our position about children being able 

to see it, but I am wondering if that issue could be addressed, it 

will go in the new Visitors Center in all likelihood, because it is 

the last one through placement so the children might be able to see 

it well and allow it still to have the kind of presence that matches 

the other statues. Is that a—I am just trying to visualize—— 

Mr. HANTMAN. That is absolutely one of the issues. Most of the 

statues in the collection are about 7 feet high and about 10 feet 

with the bases on it. This statue basically is 6′8′′ high, and the 

statue itself is only 57 inches high. 

So the concept of if it is part of a collection in the hall, how does 

it have the gravitas, how does it have the presence in the space 

while still accomplishing what the chairman is talking about so 

that children can appreciate that? We think that the 2-foot base is 

rather low at this point in time, which is why the recommendation 

was made to increase that. 

Representative LOFGREN. I think from my own point of view that 

the draft letter that is before us is appropriate. And I don’t know 

if you want to do a motion or alteration of the letter, but that is 

my opinion. 

Chairman EHLERS. We can certainly proceed and keep interacting with the Alabama delegation and their legislature on this 

issue. Speaking for myself, I look much, much better as a child 

than I do today. That is pretty obvious. Everyone would smile at 

my childhood picture. 

We have one other item, the National Garden, you are to report 

on that? 

Mr. HANTMAN. Yes, Mr. Chairman. I am pleased to report that 

the National Garden will be open to the public on October 1st. To 

date, construction is 97 percent complete, the finishing touches are 

underway in the Rose Garden, the Hornbeam Court, the Lawn Terrace, and the Butterfly Garden. What you see before you over here 

on this easel is a photograph taken earlier this month. So when we 

talk about the Hornbeam Garden, we are talking about this area 

here. And of course, this is the conservatory building. The Capitol 

building is off to the top left. We are talking about the lawn panel 

over here, the Rose Garden, First Lady’s Water Garden over here. 

This is the regional garden coming through this area, with a bridge 

crossing over it. So what we are seeing here, we already have 130 

trees planted there. Much of the foliage is being put into place. 

25 

So there are three areas really where work is ongoing. In the regional garden, they are completing the boardwalk, the amphitheater seating, and the fence installation. The amphitheater is 

down over here, and we are using stone actually from the east 

front expansion that was done back in 1959, stone from that east 

front expansion will be on the amphitheater seats over here. The 

boardwalk is 40 percent complete, the fence is 50 percent installed, 

and gates will be installed once the fence is completed. 

General site work, specifically the gravel pathway, is about 40 

percent, blue stone curbing about 80 percent, and the placement of 

the donated soil is 85 percent complete. In addition, we awarded 

a separate contract for the sidewalk work in April, and work is progressing along Independence Avenue and also up 3rd Street over 

here. 

The National Garden and the Capitol Grounds Sidewalk Project 

teams are coordinating their efforts to ensure there are no project 

disruptions. 

According to the contract, the construction is scheduled to be 

complete on August 15th. The planting and landscape is occurring 

in conjunction with the ongoing construction, thereby allowing us 

to be remain on schedule for the planned opening. Contractual 

communications have been exchanged, addressing changes and 

completion dates, and the potential for the assessment of liquidated 

damages after a full review with the contractor. 

Mr. Chairman, we will soon be coming full circle on this project. 

It was on October 1, 1988 that PL 100456 was signed, authorizing 

the Architect of the Capitol to construct a National Garden to be 

funded solely by private donations raised by the National Fund For 

the U.S. Botanic Garden. 

This project is the first public/private partnership project for the 

AOC, and we are immensely proud of this partnership’s success as 

we carry out our mission. 

This project has been an amazing collaboration, and the stage is 

being set for a beautiful grand opening, thanks to the members of 

this committee, the Congress, the National Fund, the sponsors, the 

contractor and the AOC staff. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you for that report. Are there any 

questions? Yes, Ms. Lofgren. 

Representative LOFGREN. I have a suggestion that I think is completely compatible with what you have outlined. Recently—I think 

yesterday as a matter of fact—a volunteer from a non-profit organization called Open Parks came to visit me, and I raised this issue 

in when we had the Smithsonian before us as well—their goal is 

to make Wi-Fi access available throughout the Mall and even up 

here. And I was, as we were talking earlier about the digital collection and accessing what we have in the Library, I was thinking 

wouldn’t it be great if we could have free Wi-Fi also in this library, 

and people could access parts of the collection that relate to this. 

So I am wondering if you would be willing to sit down with this 

nonprofit—if there are other nonprofits, I don’t want to discriminate against them either—so that we could have a free Wi-Fi service in this park. And I think there is a goal. And I want to talk 

to the Chairman about other opportunities to make sure that visiVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:51 May 27, 2007 Jkt 032721 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\A721P2.XXX A721P2
26 

tors to the Capitol can access all the information on our rich history while they are here online. 

Mr. HANTMAN. We are certainly always interested in enriching 

our visitors’ experience; we would be more than happy to explore 

any possibilities out there. 

Chairman EHLERS. Might I just mention, our staff has done a 

fairly extensive study of this issue. And I personally, as a techy, 

think it is a great idea, but there are also some problems involved. 

So I would like to suggest that your staff and our staff sit down 

and hash this out. 

I think it is a policy issue that is not going to go away, and I 

would like to find some suitable solution; but it is not obvious what 

a suitable solution is. 

Representative LOFGREN. Well, I would welcome that, Mr. Chairman, in the hoping that we can move forward. 

And I think actually the ability to put Wi-Fi in, it is not constrained by—there is no need to slow this up. It is a small addition, 

it is compatible with what you have got, so thank you very much. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you. 

Any further questions? Any further comments, Mr. Hantman? 

Mr. HANTMAN. I thank you very much for the opportunity to 

share these issues with you. As you started off up front, the issue 

of trying to work through the statues for the CVC and the rearrangement of the statue collection in the Capitol is an important 

one, and I look forward to working with you to resolve them, and 

work with the states involved as well. 

Chairman EHLERS. Thank you. That concludes our business, although I am going to ask some of you to stay so please don’t rush 

off, but that concludes the business before the Joint Committee 

today. 

I certainly thank everyone who has worked hard for this. I personally think this is one of the most productive meetings of the 

JCL that I have participated in for some time, and we got a lot accomplished. 

I want to thank Senator Stevens and his staff as well for their 

work in helping us prepare for this, I just regret that the Senators 

were unable to be here, but their staff is here representing them, 

and so I am sure they will be briefed on all these issues. 

I ask unanimous consent that members have 7 calendar days to 

submit material into the record, and for those statements and materials to be entered into the appropriate place in the record. And 

without objection, the material will be so entered. So ordered. 

I ask unanimous consent that staff be authorized to make technical and conforming changes on all matters considered by the committee at today’s meeting. Without objection, so ordered. 

Having completed our business for this meeting, the meeting is 

hereby adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 4:06 p.m., the committee was adjourned.] 

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