# Patent

## Title
Provisioning of e-mail settings for a mobile terminal

## Abstract

Method and apparatus for provisioning an e-mail service to a mobile terminal in an e-mail system that uses e-mail addresses comprising a domain part. The apparatus maintains a list of good setting parameter sets versus e-mail domain parts. It receives an e-mail address and user authentication information from a user and compares the domain part of the received address with domain parts in the list of good parameter sets. If a match is found, e-mail service is provisioned with the matching parameter set. If no match is found, the apparatus requests and receives further parameters from the user, including an e-mail server address, and provisions the e-mail service with the further parameters. If the provisioning with the further parameters is successful, the domain part and the further parameters are used to generate a new setting parameter set in the list of good setting parameter sets.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims the priority benefit of Finnish patent application number 20045466 filed on Dec. 3, 2004 and U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/651,081 filed Feb. 9, 2005. The disclosure of each of the aforementioned applications is incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods, equipment and software for provisioning of e-mail service.
Before using an e-mail service with a mobile terminal, the e-mail service must be provisioned, which involves entering a set of settings, such as the address of an e-mail server. Some systems require the server addresses for incoming e-mail and outgoing e-mail separately. Prior e-mail service provisioning techniques suffer from certain problems. For instance, users are not normally aware of the required settings, and when they are, entry of parameters is difficult given the small user interfaces of mobile terminals.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for implementing the method so as to alleviate the above problems. The object of the invention is achieved by the methods and equipment which are characterized by what is stated in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
An aspect of the invention is a method that comprises the steps of:
a) maintaining a list of good setting parameter sets, wherein each good setting parameter set relates to a domain part of an e-mail address;
b) requesting and receiving an e-mail address and a user authentication information from a user of the mobile terminal, wherein the e-mail address comprises a domain part;
c) comparing the domain part of the e-mail address received from the user with domain parts in the list of good setting parameter sets;
d) if a match is found in step c), provisioning the e-mail service to the mobile terminal with the setting parameter set that produced the match;
e) if no match is found in step c), requesting and receiving further parameters from the user, the further parameters including at least an address of an e-mail server, and provisioning the e-mail service to the mobile terminal with the further parameters;
f) if the provisioning in step e) is successful, using the domain part and the further parameters to generate a new setting parameter set in the list of good setting parameter sets.
Another aspect of the invention is an apparatus for carrying out the steps of the method. The apparatus may be a dedicated provisioning server, or it may be integrated in or co-located with some other network element or function.
As used herein, ‘good’ and ‘bad’ in the context of domains and setting parameters are not relative terms but precise shorthand notations to indicate domains under which e-mail service respectively can and cannot be validly provisioned with this technique.
The success or failure of e-mail service provisioning can be tested by sending a test message using the provisioned e-mail service and attempting to read, and optionally delete, the test message.
An advantage of the invention is that in many cases e-mail service can be successfully provisioned to users unaware of the required setting parameters. A further benefit is that the amount of data to be entered is reduced. In other words, the invention save time and reduces errors.
In terms of hardware, the apparatus can be a conventional Internet server comprising appropriate input and output interfaces, processor and memory, wherein the memory comprises routines and data structures for carrying out the steps of the above method.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system architecture in which the invention can be used;
FIG. 2 shows a user interface screen for requesting setting parameters from a user;
FIG. 3 shows a table of good and bad setting parameters;
FIG. 4A shows a table of bad setting parameters;
FIG. 4B shows a table of alternative setting parameters; and
FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for processing user-supplied setting parameters.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention is applicable to virtually any mobile e-mail system architecture. FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system architecture which is supported by the owner of the present application. Reference numeral 100 denotes a host system that is able to send an receive e-mail messages. Reference numeral 102 denotes a mobile terminal, also able to send an receive e-mail messages. The e-mail messages may originate or terminate at external e-mail terminals, one of which is denoted by reference numeral 104. The invention aims at improving cooperation between the host system 100 and mobile terminal 102 such that they can use a single e-mail account as transparently as possible. This means, for example, that the users of the external e-mail terminals 104, when sending or receiving e-mail, do not need to know if the user of the host system 100 actually uses the host system 100 or the mobile terminal 102 to communicate via e-mail. The transparency also means that e-mail manipulation at the mobile terminal 102 has, as far as possible, the same effect as the corresponding e-mail manipulation at the host system 100. For example, e-mail messages read at the mobile terminal 102 should preferably be marked as read at the host system.
Reference numeral 106 denotes a data network, such as an IP (Internet Protocol) network, which may be the common Internet or its closed subnetworks, commonly called intranets or extranets. Reference numeral 108 denotes an e-mail server and its associated database. There may be separate e-mail servers and/or server addresses for incoming and outgoing e-mail. The database stores an e-mail account, addressable by means of an e-mail address, that appears as a mailbox to the owner of the e-mail account. In order to communicate with mobile terminals 102, the data network 106 is connected, via a gateway 112 to an access network 114. The access network comprises a set of base stations 116 to provide wireless coverage over a wireless interface 118 to the mobile terminals 102.
Reference numeral 110 denotes a messaging centre that is largely responsible for providing the above-mentioned transparency between the host system 100 and the mobile terminal 102. The system architecture also comprises a connectivity function 120, whose task is to push e-mail messages to the mobile terminal. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the connectivity function 120 is considered a physically integral but logically distinct element of the messaging centre 110.
The mobile terminal 102 may be a pocket or laptop computer with a radio interface, a smart cellular telephone, or the like. Depending on implementation, the host system 100, if present, may have different roles. In some implementations the host system 100 is optional and may be a conventional office computer that merely acts as the mobile terminal user's principal computer and e-mail terminal. In other implementations the host system may act as a platform for a single user's connectivity function, in addition to being an office computer. In yet other implementations the host system 100 may comprise the connectivity function for several users. Thus it is a server instead of a normal office computer.
We assume here that the access network 114 is able to establish and maintain a tunnel 122 between the messaging centre 110 and the mobile terminal 102. For instance, the tunnel may be set up using GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) or its later derivatives, or any other suitable tunnelling protocol.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the messaging centre 110 is largely responsible for e-mail transport to/from the mobile terminal 102 via the access network 114, while a separate connectivity function 120 is responsible for data security issues. The connectivity function 120 may be physically attached to or co-located with the messaging centre 110, but they are logically separate elements. Indeed, a definite advantage of the separate connectivity function 120 is that it can be detached from the messaging centre, for instance, within the company that owns the host system 100 or the e-mail server 108. For a small number of users, the connectivity function 120 can be installed in each host system 100, or the host system 100 can be interpreted as a separate server configured to support multiple users. It is even possible to implement some or all the above-mentioned options. This means, for example, that there is one or more messaging centres 110 that offer services to several network operators, or they may be a dedicated messaging centre for each network operator (somewhat analogous to short messaging centres). Each messaging centre 110 may have an integral connectivity function 120 to support users who don't wish to install a separate connectivity function in a host system 100. For users who do install a separate connectivity function 120 in their host systems 100, such connectivity functions bypass the connectivity function in the messaging centre 110 and address the messaging centre 110 directly.
A real e-mail system supports a large number of mobile terminals 102 and tunnels 122. In order to keep track of which e-mail account and which tunnel belongs to which mobile terminal, the messaging centre 110 and the connectivity function collectively maintain an association 124, 124′ for each supported mobile terminal. Basically, each association 124, 124′ joins three fields, namely an e-mail address 124A assigned to the mobile terminal or its user, encryption information 124C and a temporary wireless identity 124D of the mobile terminal in the access network. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 also employs a terminal identifier 124B which may be the same as the e-mail address 124A of the mobile terminal 102, in which case the association 124 actually associates three information items. Alternatively, the terminal identifier 124B may be an identifier arbitrarily assigned to the mobile terminal. In a preferred implementation the terminal identifier 124B is the mobile terminal's equipment identifier or its derivative. The encryption information 124C is preferably related to the mobile terminal's equipment identity and is preferably generated by the mobile terminal itself, so as to ensure that no other terminal besides the one used for creating the encryption information 124C will be able to decrypt incoming encrypted e-mail messages. The temporary wireless identity 124D may be the identifier of the tunnel 122 to the mobile station. Of course, the tunnel identifier is not permanent and is only known when a tunnel exists.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the inventive method can be executed in the connectivity function 120, but if one is not present, a separate provisioning server 126 can be used.
FIG. 2 shows a user interface screen 200 for requesting setting parameters from a user. The user may enter the setting parameters by means of the mobile terminal 102 or a conventional computer, such as the host system 100. Reference numeral 202 generally denotes a set of prompts displayed to the user. Reference numerals on the right-hand side of FIG. 2 denote the setting parameters entered by the user. Parameter 210 is the user's e-mail address. The e-mail address 210 contains a user-specific part 212 and a domain part 216 which are separated by a separator character @ 214. As used herein, the domain part of an e-mail address is the part of the e-mail address that follows the separator character @. Parameters 220 and 222 constitute user-specific authentication information, which in this example consists of a user name 220 and a password 222.
The above-described parameters will be requested from every user, and for many users they suffice. Users who cannot be provisioned by the e-mail address 210 and authentication information 220, 222, will be requested to enter further parameters, such as server addresses for incoming and outgoing e-mail, denoted by reference numerals 240 and 242 respectively.
FIG. 3 shows a table 300 of setting parameters. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which good and bad setting parameter sets are stored in a single table. Reference numerals 300A and 300B denote good and bad setting parameter sets respectively. FIG. 3 shows three versions of the table 300 that are present at different times. Reference numeral 300 shows the table in a some phase of operation, while reference numerals 300′ and 300′′ denote versions of the table at two different phases of development. In the two first versions 300 and 300′, all setting parameter sets are assumed good, as indicated by the reference numeral 300A.
In this illustrative example, the table 300 comprises a row or record for three domains. For each domain, the table 300 comprises a column or field for a domain name 310, incoming server address 320 and outgoing server address 330. Preferably, there is also a failure measure column 340, the use of which will be described later.
The first version of table 300 comprises entries for two domains, denoted by subscripts after the columns. For example, reference numeral 3101 denotes a domain 310 for a first operator.
Embodiments of the invention are best described by describing the user interface of FIG. 2, the data structures of FIGS. 3 and 4, and a method shown in FIG. 5 simultaneously. FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for processing user-supplied setting parameters. In step 500 a user logs in with a provisioning server that, by way of non-limiting example, can be the connectivity function 120 shown in FIG. 1. Alternatively, a dedicated provisioning server (not shown separately) can be provided. In step 502 the user is requested to enter the e-mail address 210 and authentication information 220, 222, shown in FIG. 2. At this step, the remaining parameters 240, 242 shown in FIG. 2 need not be requested or entered. In step 504, the provisioning server parses the domain part 216 from the user-supplied e-mail address 210 and compares, in step 506, the domain part 216 with the domains in the domain column 310 of the table 300. In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the domain is operator.fi, which matches the domain part 3101 in the first displayed record in the table 300. The table 300 comprises sets of known good setting parameters, and in step 508, the provisioning of the e-mail service for the user is completed with the parameters 3201 and 3301 (server addresses for incoming and outgoing e-mail) found in this record.
Steps 510 to 518 are performed if a match is not found in step 506. In step 510 the user is requested to enter further parameters, such as the server addresses for incoming and outgoing e-mail, items 240 and 242 in FIG. 2. In step 512 the user's e-mail service provisioning is performed with these parameters. In step 514, the validity of the user's newly-supplied parameters 240 and 242 is tested. For example, the provisioning server may send a test e-mail message to the user-supplied address 210 and attempt to read, and optionally, delete it with the user-supplied authentication information 220, 222. If this test, or some other suitable test, is successful, the provisioning server creates, in step 518, a new record in the table 300. The complemented table is denoted by reference numeral 300′. It comprises the domain name 3103 and the user's newly-supplied parameters 3203 and 3303.
If the test 514 initially fails, it may be repeated some time afterwards to take care of situations in which the e-mail server(s) supporting the user is/are temporarily out of action.
Step 520 relates to an optional but beneficial act of keeping track of a failure measure of e-mail service provisioning. The failure measure may, by way of example, indicate a count, rate or ratio of provisioning failures. Keeping track of the failure measure is beneficial because the user-supplied parameters 3203 and 3303 may not be valid to all users within the same domain 3103. In other words, even if the test in step 514 is successful for one user, the parameters may still be invalid for other users because the relation of domain name versus server addresses may be ambiguous. This is why it is beneficial to keep track of a failure measure per domain, shown as column 340 in FIG. 300. The failure measure for the domain operator—3.fi is denoted by reference numeral 3403. Let us assume that after some monitoring period, that measure exceeds some predetermined threshold. As a result, the data for the domain operator—3.fi is marked as bad (not configurable). In the example of FIG. 3, the server addresses for incoming and outgoing e-mail for operator 3, denoted by reference numerals 3203 and 3303, are replaced by zeros. The zeros acts as signs for invalid data, which means that the e-mail addresses in the domain operator—3.fi are ambiguous and cannot be adequately provisioned by this technique. Reference numeral 300B denotes a section of the table 300 that comprises bad setting parameter sets.
The predetermined threshold for the failure measure cannot be zero or very close to zero because even validly provisioned e-mail servers can be out of service for some time, and some failures must be tolerated even with good setting parameters.
FIG. 4A shows an alternative embodiment that employs an explicit list 400 of bad domains. In this embodiment the list 300 of good settings parameters is naturally devoid of bad domains.
FIG. 4B shows a further alternative embodiment that employs a list 420 of alternative setting parameters. This embodiment makes use of the fact that even if the e-mail server address(es) for a domain may not be unambiguously derivable from the domain name, a setting selected from a finite set of alternative settings usually applies. FIG. 4B shows a list 420 of alternative setting parameters for two operators. Reference numeral 422 denotes three alternative setting sets for operator—3.fi and reference numeral 424 denotes two alternative setting sets for operator—5.fi. If the user-indicated e-mail address 210 (FIG. 2) is under a domain 216 that is listed in the list 420, the alternative setting sets can be tried automatically one by one, or they can be shown to the user for selection. If the user does not find a suitable setting parameter set among the alternative settings, he/she may enter a new setting parameter set, which can be tested and added to the list 420 if the test succeeds. The list of alternative setting sets for each operator can be maintained in the order of decreasing success rate of provisioning, whereby the most likely correct setting set will be tried first.
Further Preferred Embodiments
FIG. 2 showed an embodiment in which the user name 220 was requested from the user separately from the e-mail address 210. In some e-mail systems it is possible to deduce the user name 220 from the e-mail address 210 automatically. For instance, some e-mail systems may use the user-specific part 212 of the e-mail address 210 as the user name 220, possibly after stripping of non-alphabetic characters. Accordingly, it is beneficial to maintain in the connectivity function 120 or provisioning server 126 a set of domain-specific rules for determining the user name 220 from the e-mail address 210 automatically. Such rules can be domain-specific. In other words, under a certain e-mail domain 216, the user name 220 may be deduced from the e-mail address 210 by some specific rule. In case the connectivity function 120 or provisioning server 126 does not have a specific rule for a certain domain, it may try all or some of the most generally applicable rules, such as using the user specific part 212 as the user name 220.
The set of domain-specific rules may also comprise instructions to be displayed in case of provisioning problems. For instance, the connectivity function 120 or provisioning server 126 may test e-mail provisioning with the user-supplied parameters 210, 220, 222. If the test fails, the user may be instructed to activate a premium service.
It is readily apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways, and the above embodiments are meant to illustrate rather than restrict the invention. For example, there may be one combined server address or separate e-mail server addresses for incoming and outgoing e-mail. The server addresses are shown in DNS (domain name server) format, but they can be maintained in any applicable format, such as IP addresses. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many other modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the attached claims.
Software for a data processor embodied in a carrier, the software comprising program instructions for carrying out a method for provisioning an e-mail service when the software is executed in the data processor is also disclosed.

## Claims

1. A method for provisioning an e-mail service to a mobile terminal in an e-mail system, the method comprising:
receiving from a user of a mobile terminal an e-mail address including a domain and user authentication information, the e-mail address and user authentication information received at a provisioning server;
comparing the domain of the e-mail address received from the user with a list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server;
identifying the lack of a match between the domain of the e-mail address received from the user with a known domain in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server;
receiving further parameters from the user, the further parameters received at the provisioning server in response to a request by the provisioning server for further parameters following the identification of the lack of a match between the domain of the e-mail address received from the user with a known domain in the list of valid parameter settings;
provisioning the e-mail service to the mobile terminal using the further parameters;
verifying the further parameters received from the user by sending, by the provisioning server, a test email message to the email address and verifying that the email message can be sent using the further parameters;
in response to verification of the further parameters by verifying that the email message sent using the further parameters is accessible, generating a new parameter setting in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server, the new parameter settings including the domain and the further parameters received from the user.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tracking a failure rate of provisioning the e-mail service using the further parameters received from the user; maintaining the list of alternate parameter settings to include a success rate of provisioning.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising,
marking the domain or the further parameters as invalid when the failure rate exceeds a predetermined threshold; and
removing the domain from the list of valid parameter settings when the domain is marked as invalid.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the list of valid parameter settings further includes alternative setting parameters for other domains.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising using success rate of provisioning associated with the parameter settings to select settings to be used in subsequent provisionings.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising maintaining a set of domain-specific instructions for display to the user;
automatically determining at least part of the authentication information from the e-mail address.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a test message sent from the e-mail service provisioned at the mobile terminal; and
attempting to read the test message at the provisioning server in order to determine whether the e-mail service was successfully provisioned, wherein the test message is read prior to generating the new parameter setting in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
indicating, in the list, a failure measure of provisioning the e-mail service using the further parameters received from the user.

9. A method for provisioning an e-mail service to a mobile terminal in an e-mail system, the method comprising:
receiving from a user of a mobile terminal an e-mail address including a domain and user authentication information, the e-mail address and user authentication information received at a provisioning server;
identifying a match between the domain of the e-mail address received from the user with a known domain in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server; and
provisioning the e-mail service to the mobile terminal with one or more setting parameters, the one or more setting parameters maintained at the provisioning server;
receiving a test message sent from the e-mail service provisioned at the mobile terminal, the test message being sent to verify the one or more setting parameters;
attempting to read the test message at the provisioning server in order to determine whether the e-mail service was successfully provisioned using the one or more setting parameters;
generating the new parameter setting in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server after the test message has been sent and accessed.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, alternative lists of valid setting parameters are maintained for the domain; and further comprising, providing the alternative lists to the user for selection.

11. A method for provisioning access of a web service to a mobile terminal, the method comprising:
receiving, at a provisioning server from the mobile terminal, authentication information for a web server;
comparing the authentication information received from the mobile terminal with a list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server;
identifying a match between the authentication information received from the mobile terminal in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server; and
provisioning the web service on the mobile terminal with one or more setting parameters maintained at the provisioning server;
in response to detecting a mismatch between the authentication information received from the mobile terminal in the list of valid parameter settings maintained at the provisioning server, requesting by the provisioning server for further parameters;
receiving further parameters from the mobile terminal;
provisioning the web service on the mobile terminal using the further parameters received from the user;
verifying the further parameters by sending, by the provisioning server, a test message for access via the web service and verifying that the test message can be sent using the further parameters and is accessible through the web service;
maintaining the list of alternate parameter settings to indicate a success rate of provisioning;
using success rate of provisioning associated with the parameter settings to select settings to be used in subsequent provisionings.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: in response to verification of the further parameters, generating a new parameter setting in the list of valid parameter settings for the web service maintained at the provisioning server.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising,
marking the further parameters as invalid when the failure rate exceeds a predetermined threshold.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising,
removing the further parameters from the list of valid parameter settings when marked as invalid.

15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a message sent from the mobile terminal via the web service provisioned at the mobile terminal;
determining whether the web service was successfully provisioned for accessed based on whether the message is accessible at the provisioning server.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
tracking a failure rate of provisioning the web service using the further parameters received from the user;
indicating, in the list, a failure measure of provisioning the e-mail service using the further parameters received from the user.

17. A system for provisioning access of a web service to a mobile terminal, the system comprising:
means for, receiving from the mobile terminal, authentication information for a web server;
means for, comparing the authentication information received from the mobile terminal with a list of valid parameter settings;
means for, sending a request for further parameters, in response to detecting a mismatch between the authentication information received from the mobile terminal in the list of valid parameter settings;
means for, receiving the further parameters from the mobile terminal;
means for, provisioning the web service on the mobile terminal using the further parameters received from the user;
means for, verifying the further parameters by sending a test message for access via the web service and verifying that the test message can be sent using the further parameters and is accessible through the web service.

18. The system of claim 17, further comprising, in response to verification of the further parameters, generating a new parameter setting in the list of valid parameter settings, the new parameter settings the further parameters received from the mobile terminal.

19. The system of claim 17, further comprising,
means for, identifying a match between the authentication information received from the mobile terminal in the list of valid parameter settings; and
means for, provisioning the web service on the mobile terminal with one or more setting parameters.