In Cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey 

Detailed Sections from Auger Holes in the Roanoke 

Rapids 1:100,000 Map Sheet, North Carolina 

By Robert E. Weems and William C. Lewis 

Open File Report 2007–1092 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

U.S. Geological Survey 
U.S. Department of the Interior 

DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mark D. Myers, Director 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2007 

For product and ordering information: 

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Suggested citation: 

Weems, Robert, and Lewis, William, 2007, Detailed sections from auger holes in the Roanoke Rapids 

1:100,000 map sheet, North Carolina: United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1092, 155 pp. 

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 

endorsement by the U.S. Government. 

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. 

ii
Contents 

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................1 

Methods.............................................................................................................................................................................................1 

Stratigraphy.......................................................................................................................................................................................2 

Structural Geology ..........................................................................................................................................................................3 

Hydrogeology....................................................................................................................................................................................4 

Acknowledgments...........................................................................................................................................................................4 

References cited..............................................................................................................................................................................4 

Locality descriptions and detailed lithologic logs: 

Aulander quadrangle ................................................................................................................................................................14 

Aurelian Springs quadrangle ..................................................................................................................................................17 

Boones Crossroads quadrangle.............................................................................................................................................20 

Conway quadrangle ..................................................................................................................................................................22 

Darlington quadrangle..............................................................................................................................................................24 

Dawson Crossroads quadrangle ...........................................................................................................................................28 

Drake quadrangle ......................................................................................................................................................................31 

Draughn quadrangle .................................................................................................................................................................41 

Enfield quadrangle.....................................................................................................................................................................46 

Galatia quadrangle ....................................................................................................................................................................48 

Halifax quadrangle.....................................................................................................................................................................52 

Hobgood quadrangle ................................................................................................................................................................61 

Jackson quadrangle..................................................................................................................................................................66 

Kelford quadrangle....................................................................................................................................................................67 

Murfreesboro quadrangle .......................................................................................................................................................68 

Norfleet quadrangle ..................................................................................................................................................................77 

Palmyra quadrangle ..................................................................................................................................................................81 

Republican quadrangle ............................................................................................................................................................87 

Rich Square quadrangle...........................................................................................................................................................93 

Ringwood quadrangle............................................................................................................................................................ 102 

iii
Roanoke Rapids quadrangle................................................................................................................................................ 104 

Scotland Neck quadrangle................................................................................................................................................... 108 

Union quadrangle.................................................................................................................................................................... 112 

Weldon quadrangle................................................................................................................................................................ 119 

Whitakers quadrangle ........................................................................................................................................................... 127 

Woodland quadrangle........................................................................................................................................................... 130 

Woodville quadrangle............................................................................................................................................................ 132 

Supplementary Basement Data.............................................................................................................................................. 135 

Figures 

1. Map of the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 scale map region showing area underlain by Atlantic 

 Coastal Plain sediments, names and locations of constituent 1:24,000 scale topographic 

 maps, and county names and boundaries ...........................................................................................................................7 

2. Structure contour map of the base of the Coastal Plain in the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 

 scale map region ........................................................................................................................................................................7 

3. Faults and subsurface updip limits of Yorktown and older units....................................................................................9 

4. Structure contour map of the base of the surficial aquifer in the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 

 scale map region ......................................................................................................................................................................10 

Tables 

1. Age and Sequence of Stratigraphic Units Penetrated during Augering..................................................................11 

2. Nomenclature and Maximum Elevation for Terrace Units in Map Area..................................................................13 

iv
Conversion Factors 

Inch/Pound to SI 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) 

inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) 

foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) 

mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) 

mile, nautical (nmi) 1.852 kilometer (km) 

yard (yd) 0.9144 meter (m) 

SI to Inch/Pound 

Multiply By To obtain 

Length 

centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.) 

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.) 

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi) 

kilometer (km) 0.5400 mile, nautical (nmi) 

meter (m) 1.094 yard (yd) 

v
Detailed sections from auger holes in the Roanoke 

Rapids 1:100,000 map sheet, North Carolina 

By Robert E. Weems and William C. Lewis 

Introduction

The Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 map sheet straddles the Coastal Plain / Piedmont boundary in 

northernmost North Carolina (Figure 1). Sediments of the Coastal Plain underlie the eastern threefourths of this area, and patchy outliers of Coastal Plain units cap many of the higher hills in the 

western one-fourth of the area. Sediments dip gently to the east and reach a maximum known 

thickness in the extreme southeast part of the map area (Figure 2). The gentle eastward dip is 

disrupted in several areas due to faulting. 

The U.S. Geological Survey recovered one core and augered 97 research test holes within the 

Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 map sheet to supplement sparse outcrop data available from the Coastal 

Plain portion of the map area. The recovered sediments were studied and data from them recorded to 

determine the lithologic characteristics, spatial distribution, and temporal framework of the represented 

Coastal Plain stratigraphic units. These test holes were critical for accurately determining the 

distribution of major geologic units and the position of unit boundaries that will be shown on the 

forthcoming Roanoke Rapids geologic map, but much of the detailed subsurface data cannot be shown 

readily through this map product. Therefore, detailed descriptions have been collected in this open-file 

report for geologists, hydrologists, engineers, and community planners to provide a detailed shallowsubsurface stratigraphic framework for much of the Roanoke Rapids map region. 

Methods

Surface elevations for each drill site were obtained by hand leveling from a locality of known 

elevation, commonly a bench mark or spot elevation point on the appropriate 7.5-minute quadrangle. 

At each test site, lithologic data were gathered by augering with a truck-mounted, Mobile Drill B-40 

power auger, using 5-foot drill stem sections. At first, one stem was augered into the ground and 

pulled to describe the soil profile. Subsequent runs added one, two, or three new stems, depending on 

depth and on how easily the augering proceeded. For greater accuracy, we attempted to keep sample 

rise on the drill stems to a minimum. 

 Along the Tidewater Fall Line, which lies between the Fountain Creek fault and the Thornburg 

fault in this region (Figure 3), most auger holes targeted the Upper Cretaceous Clubhouse Formation, 

Cape Fear Formation, or saprolite overlying basement rocks where the Clubhouse and Cape Fear 

formation were missing. Occasionally at the base of the Coastal Plain section, the drill bit would not 

penetrate the underlying rock (here termed refusal). Generally, the nature of this rock could be 

inferred either by small chips on the end of the drill bit or by comparison to nearby outcrops or auger 

holes. 

Lithologic descriptions were made with the aid of a 10X hand lens, grain-size chart, and color 

charts. Auger sites were plotted on location with 7.5-minute topographic maps. Latitudes and 

longitudes were established using TopoZone NAD 27 map datum coordinates. 

1
Stratigraphy 

 A full listing of stratigraphic names used here, their ages, and their general lithologic 

descriptions are given in Table 1. Most geologic names employed here have been used previously in 

North Carolina, but the name Clubhouse Formation (Gohn, 1992) is extended from South Carolina 

into this region because the unit here called Clubhouse is lithologically quite similar to the Clubhouse 

Formation of South Carolina and is the same age. Coastal Plain formational units are bounded by 

unconformities; formations generally start with a relatively coarse basal lag bed and fine upward. 

Members within formations, where present, generally represent distinctive lithologic facies that occur 

within that formation. Surficial stratigraphic units, bounding scarps, and overlying terrace surface 

names are summarized in Table 2. Unit names mostly conform to those used in this region by Mixon 

and others (1989) and Ward and Powars (1989) with exceptions discussed in the following paragraphs. 

Older coastal plain units, mostly encountered in the subsurface or along valley walls of deeply 

incised streams, include the Clubhouse Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Cape Fear Formation (Upper 

Cretaceous), Jericho Run Formation (lower Paleocene; Harris and Law, 1994), Aquia Formation 

(upper Paleocene), St. Marys Formation (upper Miocene), Eastover Formation (upper Miocene), and 

the Rushmere and Morgarts Beach members of the Yorktown Formation (upper Pliocene; Zone 2 of 

Mansfield, 1944). The updip limits of these units in the subsurface are shown in Figure 3. 

Surficial stratigraphic units contain very similar facies that formed in fluvial, backbarrier, and 

sometimes barrier, shoreface, and near-shore depositional environments. These various units, where 

not heavily eroded, all fine upward to terrace surfaces that have regionally distinctive ranges of 

elevation. Each of these terrace packages represents an interglacial high stand of sea level. 

Continuous growth of the East Antarctic ice sheet over the past 2.8 Ma has prevented each successive 

terrace sequence from reaching the same elevation that it did during the preceding transgression, so 

successively younger terraces form a downward descending, stair-step sequence of flats separated 

from each other by scarps that range from pronounced to subtle. Although each sequence is internally 

similar to the others, older terraces have progressively deeper and more pronounced weathering 

profiles and show progressively greater erosional degradation. Because each sequence becomes more 

nearly marine seaward (eastward), each unit shows a gradational shift toward finer lithologies 

internally, but an abrupt change from finer to coarser when moving from one terrace to the next 

younger one seaward. All of these criteria have been useful for distinguishing one terrace complex 

from another. 

 Surficial units include very high level, fluvial gravels and sands that occur at elevations above 

300 feet. These represent the Bon Air gravels of Johnson and others (1987a,b), which are equivalent 

in age to the Bryn Mawr Formation in Pennsylvania and Maryland (Lewis, 1881) and the Altamaha 

Formation in Georgia (Dall and Harris, 1892; Huddlestun, 1988) and South Carolina (Fallaw and 

Price, 1992). Recent mapping to the north of this area (Weems and Edwards, in press) indicates that 

this unit is late middle Miocene in age and probably represents prograding onshore strata that locally 

overlie (but regionally are laterally equivalent to) the upper Choptank Formation. 

 East of the Altamaha outcrop belt, two lithologically distinct sand units overlie the upper 

Pliocene clay-silt Morgarts Beach Member of the Yorktown Formation. These two terrace units do 

not have established names in Virginia. The older unit underlies the Richmond Plain (Johnson and 

others, 1987), but no name has been applied to the plain that caps the younger unit. Therefore, the 

name “Ashland Plain” is proposed because it is well developed in the vicinity of Ashland, Virginia. 

The lithologic characteristics of the older unit (a well sorted, heavy mineral-rich sand that underlies the 

2
plain at elevations of 240 to 270 feet) matches the lithology and stratigraphic position of occasionally 

fossiliferous marine deposits ascribed to the Duplin Marl just east of the Orangeburg Scarp in South 

Carolina (Dall, 1898). This unit locally overlies the Morgarts Beach Member of the Yorktown 

Formation, and thus could represent either a regressive sandy phase of the Rushmere / Morgarts Beach 

transgressive event, or may be the shoreline deposits of the succeeding Moore House Member of the 

Yorktown. So far, the proper name for this unit remains enigmatic so it is here simply designated 

“Yorktown Formation (Zone 3),” adding an additional zone to the two-fold zonation of the Yorktown 

established by Mansfield (1944). The second unit (a poorly sorted, clayey sand at elevations of 230 to 

195 feet), is a northern extension of the Coharrie Formation of North Carolina. In the southeastern 

part of the Emporia 1:100:00 map sheet, a deep estuary fill underlies this terrace and links it 

southeastward with sediments in the Chowan River area. Therefore, this terrace unit represents coastal 

strata of the upper Pliocene Chowan River Formation and is designated by that name. 

 Terrace deposits between the elevations of 185 and 105 feet previously have been lumped 

together as the Bacons Castle Formation. There are, however, two distinct units represented within 

this complex, separated by a scarp at 137 to 147 feet. This scarp has been called the Parler Scarp in 

South Carolina (Colquhoun, 1965) and the Mechanicsville Scarp in northern South Carolina and 

southern North Carolina (DuBar and others, 1974). The older name Parler Scarp is used here. The 

older terrace deposit above the Parler Scarp, here termed “lower Bacons Castle Formation,” roughly is 

equivalent to a unit called the Varina Grove Member of the Bacons Castle Formation by Johnson and 

others (1987). The younger part of the Bacons Castle, here termed “upper Bacons Castle Formation,” 

includes what has been called the Bahramsville Member and Moorings Unit of the Bacons Castle 

Formation (Johnson and others, 1987). The Bacons Castle in its type area represents only the upper 

Bacons Castle Formation. The geomorphic terrace that the lower Bacons Castle Formation underlies 

has not been separately named, so the name “Essex Plain” is here proposed because it is well 

developed in Essex County, Virginia. With these exceptions, existing nomenclatural usage is followed 

here. 

In the Roanoke River valley, alluvium occurs beneath two distinctly different terrace surfaces 

that have been mapped separately. A sample (US 258, Halifax, NC) from the basal sands beneath the 

higher (older) terrace deposit yielded a quartz blue-light OSL age of 17,200 ± 780 years BP (one σ

s.d.) (Shannon A. Mahan, USGS, Denver, written communication). This indicates that this unit is no 

older than very late Pleistocene. The two terraces represent an earlier high volume flow regime of the 

Roanoke River and a later lower flow regime. It remains unclear whether the presence of these two 

distinct terraces resulted from a marked decrease in total annual rainfall volume with the advent of the 

Holocene in this region, or whether the decrease in maximum water flow resulted from the creation of 

the extensive series of dams in the upstream portion of the Roanoke drainage basin and the subsequent 

decrease in the extremes of flooding. 

Structural Geology 

Four faults found in the Roanoke Rapids map area have been traced southward from the 

Emporia map area (Weems and others, in review) (Figure 3). These are the Thornburg fault (and 

scarp), the Fountains Creek fault, the Stony Creek fault, and the City Point fault. A fifth fault, here 

named the Palmyra fault, prominently displaces basement and Cretaceous strata. This fault also seems 

to control the trend of the Roanoke River valley in the southern part of this map area, suggesting much 

more recent fault movement as well. This fault appears to bound the southwestern margin of the 

Potomac Group. The other four faults show obvious to subtle effects on younger strata at least as 

3
young as late Pliocene (zones 2 and 3 of the Yorktown Formation). These effects can be seen readily 

from the fault-truncated updip limits shown of Figure 3 and the structure contour plot shown on Figure 

4. 

Hydrogeology 

In the Coastal Plain region, the surficial aquifer in most areas lies on top of the Morgarts Beach 

Member of the Yorktown Formation (top of Zone 2). In areas where the larger streams have cut down 

through the Yorktown, the Eastover, Clubhouse, Cape Fear, or crystalline basement may locally define 

the base of this water body. The surficial aquifer is the main recharge unit for streams and rivers in the 

eastern three-fourths of the map area, and it is particularly vulnerable to surface pollutants. Deeper 

wells generally tap aquifer horizons in the Clubhouse or Cape Fear formations. To the west of the 

Coastal Plain, ground water mostly flows along joints and faults. 

Acknowledgments 

The authors would like to thank Lucy E. Edwards and Jean M. Self-Trail for their thorough review of 

this manuscript. 

References Cited 

Brown, P.M., Miller, J.A., and Swain, F.M., 1972, Structural and stratigraphic framework and spatial 

distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New Jersey: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 796, 79 p., 13 figs., 59 pls., 2 tables. 

Colquhoun, D.J., 1965, Terrace sediment complexes in central South Carolina: Atlantic Coastal Plain 

Geological Association, 6th Annual Field Conference Guidebook, 62 p. 

Dall, W.H., 1898, A table of the North American Tertiary formations, correlated with one another and 

with those of western Europe, with annotations: U.S. Geological Survey 18th Annual Report, part 

2, p. 323-348. 

Dall, W.H., and Harris, G.D., 1892, Correlation papers; Neocene: U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin, 84, 349 p. 

DuBar, J.R., Johnson, H.S., Jr., Thom, B., and Hatchell, W.O., 1974, Neogene stratigraphy and 

morphology, south flank of the Cape Fear Arch, North and South Carolina, in Oaks, R.Q., Jr. 

and DuBar, J.R., Post-Miocene stratigraphy Central and southern Atlantic Coastal Plain: Utah 

State University Press, Logan, p. 139-173. 

Fallaw, W.C., and Price, Van, 1992, Outline of stratigraphy at the Savannah River site, in Fallaw, 

W.C., and Price, Van, Geological investigations of the central Savannah River area, South 

4
Carolina and Georgia: Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook, November 13-15, 

1992, no. 22, p. II1-II33. 

Gohn, G.S., 1992, Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous 

formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1581, 39 p. 

Harris, W.B., and Laws, R.A., 1994, Paleogene sediments on the axis of the Cape Fear Arch, Long 

Bay, North Carolina: Southeastern Geology, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 185-199. 

Huddlestun, P.F., 1988, A revision of the lithostratigraphic units of the coastal plain of Georgia; the 

Miocene through the Holocene: Georgia Geologic Survey Bulletin, no. 104, 162 p. 

Johnson, G.H., Goodwin, B.K., Ward, L.W., and Ramsey, K.W., 1987a, Tertiary and Quaternary 

stratigraphy across the Fall Zone and western Coastal Plain, southern Virginia, in Whittecar, G.R. 

(ed.), Geological Excursions in Virginia and North Carolina, Southeastern Section: Geological 

Society of America, 36th Annual Meeting (March 25-27, 1987), Norfolk, Virginia, Old Dominion 

University, p. 87-144. 

Johnson, G.H., Ward, L.W., and Peebles, P.C., 1987b, Stratigraphy and paleontology of Pliocene and 

Pleistocene deposits of southeastern Virginia, in Whittecar, G.R. (ed.), Geological Excursions in 

Virginia and North Carolina, Southeastern Section: Geological Society of America, 36th Annual 

Meeting (March 25-27, 1987), Norfolk, Virginia, Old Dominion University, p. 189-218. 

Lewis, H.C., 1881, The Trenton gravel and its relation to the antiquity of man: Proceedings of the 

Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. 32, p. 258-309. 

Mansfield, W.C., 1944, Stratigraphy of the Miocene of Virginia and the Miocene and Pliocene of 

North Carolina, in Gardner, J., Mollusca from the Miocene and lower Pliocene of Virginia and 

North Carolina: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 199-A, p. 1-16. 

Mixon, R.B., Berquist, C.R., Jr., Newell, W.L., Johnson, G.H., Powars, D.S., Schindler, J.S., and 

Rader, E.K., 1989, Geologic map of the Coastal Plain and adjacent parts of the Piedmont, Virginia 

with generalized geologic cross sections: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations 

Map I-2033, scale 1:250,000. 

Trapp, Henry, Jr., 1992, Hydrogeologic framework of the northern Atlantic Coastal Plain in parts of 

North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and New York: U.S. Geological 

Survey Professional Paper 1404-G, p. G1-G59. 

Ward, L.W., and Powars, D.S., 1989, Tertiary stratigraphy and paleontology, Chesapeake Bay Region, 

Virginia and Maryland: International Geological Congress Field Trip T-216 (July 15-17, 1989), 

American Geophysical Union, 64 p. 

Weems, R.E., and Edwards, L.E., in press, Evidence for a late middle Miocene (13-14 Ma) marine 

transgression across the eastern Piedmont of central Virginia: Stratigraphy. 

5
Weems, R.E., Schindler, J.S., and Lewis, W.C., in review, Detailed sections from auger holes in the 

Emporia 1:100,000 map sheet, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 

Report. 

6
Figure 1. Map of the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 scale map region, showing area underlain by 

Atlantic Coastal Plain sediments (white), names and locations of constituent 1:24,000 scale 

topographic maps, and county names and boundaries. Small circles indicate auger hole locations; 

gray area to west is the Roanoke Rapids terrane of the Piedmont Province. 

7
Figure 2. Structure contour map of the base of the Coastal Plain in the Roanoke Rapids 1:100,000 

scale map region, showing areas where basement is overlain by Cretaceous sediments (white) and 

middle Miocene or younger sediments (light gray). Piedmont region is dark gray; contour interval is 

100 feet. Faults indicated by heavy dashed lines with U for upthrown and D for downthrown side. 

Black circles denote basement control points, and black triangles denote places where Cretaceous 

deposits were encountered but Cretaceous thickness is unknown. Negative values are below sea 

level. 

8
Figure 3. Faults and subsurface updip limits of Yorktown and older units. One outlier of the 

Eastover Formation is labeled. Circles and labels denote localities of subsurface control points 

described in auger log and supplementary data sections. 

9
Figure 4. Structure contour map of the base of the surficial aquifer in the Roanoke Rapids 

1:100,000 scale map region. Subsurface control points are shown as black circles with elevations 

indicated next to them; outcrop data points are shown as white circles. In most of the region, the 

shallow aquifer immediately overlies Zone 2 of the Yorktown. Piedmont region is dark gray; contour 

interval is 20 feet. Faults indicated by heavy dashed lines with U for upthrown side and D for 

downthrown side. 

10
Table 1. Age and relative position of stratigraphic units in map area. 

Unit Lithology Age 

Artificial Fill Materials variable HOLOCENE 

Alluvium Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

silty or clayey; pebbly 

HOLOCENE AND 

PLEISTOCENE? 

Older alluvium Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

silty or clayey; to gravel 

HOLOCENE? AND 

PLEISTOCENE 

Tabb Formation Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; clayey PLEISTOCENE 

Shirley Formation Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; clayey PLEISTOCENE 

Chuckatuck Formation, 

barrier sand facies 

Fine to medium quartz sand; 

well sorted, clean PLEISTOCENE 

Chuckatuck Formation, 

back barrier facies 

Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; clayey PLEISTOCENE 

Charles City Formation Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; clayey PLEISTOCENE 

Windsor Formation Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; locally gravelly PLEISTOCENE 

Upper Bacons Castle Fm., 

Moorings Unit 

Fine to medium quartz 

sand; well sorted PLEISTOCENE 

Upper Bacons Castle Fm., 

Bahramsville Member 

Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; muddy, gravelly PLEISTOCENE 

Lower Bacons Castle Fm., 

Varina Grove Member 

Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; muddy, gravelly PLIOCENE 

Chowan River Formation Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

poorly sorted; clayey, silty PLIOCENE 

Yorktown Formation: 

Moorehouse Member? 

(Zone 3) 

Fine to coarse quartz sand; 

heavy minerals often abundant PLIOCENE 

Morgarts Beach Member 

(Zone 2) 

Silt to very fine quartz sand, 

silty and clayey, fossiliferous PLIOCENE 

Rushmere Member 

(Zone 2) 

Medium to very coarse sand, sparsely to 

abundantly shelly; locally pebble to cobble gravel PLIOCENE 

Eastover Formation Fine to medium quartz sand, well sorted, 

glauconitic, shelly UPPER MIOCENE 

St. Marys Formation Clayey silt to silt, dense, sticky UPPER MIOCENE 

11
Altamaha Formation 

Fine to coarse clayey quartz 

sand; poorly sorted; gravelly, 

most clasts soft and rotten 

MIDDLE MIOCENE 

Choptank Formation Fine to medium silty 

sand, well sorted MIDDLE MIOCENE 

Aquia Formation Fine to medium silty sand, glauconitic, 

contains scattered round quartz granules UPPER PALEOCENE 

Jericho Run Formation Fine to coarse quartz sand, 

poorly sorted, glauconitic LOWER PALEOCENE 

Tar Heel Formation Sand, silty and clayey, 

pyritic, lignitic, dense UPPER CRETACEOUS 

Cape Fear Formation Sand, silty and clayey, 

dense, varicolored UPPER CRETACEOUS 

Clubhouse Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, 

dense, varicolored, interbedded 

with fine to medium quartz sand 

and dense varicolored clays 

UPPER CRETACEOUS 

Patuxent Formation1 Fine to very coarse feldspathic quartz sand; 

pebbly, rare clay lenses LOWER CRETACEOUS 

Chatham Group1

(undifferentiated) 

Pebble to cobble conglomerate interbedded with 

sandstone and siltstone, tightly cemented UPPER TRIASSIC 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt: 

Metamorphosed Granite Medium grained granite, strongly foliated, weathering 

to subangular to subround quartz-rich saprolite LOWER PALEOZOIC? 

Felsic Slate Belt Rocks 

Fine to medium feldspar- rich 

schists and gneisses, weathering 

to banded clays 

CAMBRIAN AND/OR 

NEOPROTEROZOIC 

1

Within map area, but not augered 

12
Table 2. Nomenclature and Maximum Elevation for Terrace Units in Map Area. 

 

Unit Overlying Surface Maximum Elevation Intervening Scarp 

Altamaha Formation Midlothian Uplands 410 feet 

Thornburg Scarp 

Yorktown Fm. (Zone 3) Richmond Plain 275 feet 

Chippenham Scarp 

Ashland Plain1 Chowan River Formation 235 feet 

Broad Rock Scarp 

Essex Plain1

Lower Bacons Castle Fm. 182 feet 

Parler Scarp 

Upper Bacons Castle Fm. Norge Uplands 137 feet 

Surry Scarp 

Windsor Formation Lackey Plain 105 feet 

Ruthville Scarp 

Charles City Formation Grove Plain 80 feet 

Lee Hall Scarp 

Chuckatuck Formation Grafton Plain 62 feet 

Kings Mill Scarp 

Shirley Formation Huntington Flat 49 feet 

Suffolk Scarp 

Tabb Formation Todds Flat 26 feet 

1

New name 

13
Locality Descriptions and Detailed Lithologic Logs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

AULANDER QUADRANGLE 

AU-02-1: 0.25 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 5.5 miles north of south quadrangle border, 

in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2046o

 N, longitude 77.0039o W). Surface elevation 42 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation 

Silt, very fine sandy, slightly clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)..........................................................................................0 – 2 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, dense, stiff, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

mottled dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) and greenish gray (5G 6/1) grading down 

to greenish gray (5G 6/1) mottled light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) and dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4)....................................................................................................................2 – 12 

Charles City Formation? 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, greenish gray (5GY 6/1), much softer than 

above, grades to ................................................................................................................12 – 28 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly to moderately micaceous, contains 

1-2% dark heavy minerals, thixotropic, greenish gray (5GY 6/1), grades to....................28 – 49 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains scattered round quartz pebbles up to 

0.5 cm in diameter, greenish gray (5GY 6/1)....................................................................49 – 52 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, very micaceous, stiffer than above, 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1), grades to ...................................................................................52 – 62 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, sticky, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), 

sparse round quartz pebbles at base up to 0.5 cm in diameter..........................................62 – 77 

Jericho Run Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dense, indurated at top, olive black 

(5Y 2/1)..............................................................................................................................77 – 81 

14
Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +30 feet elevation 

Base of Charles City Formation?: -10 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -35 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Jericho Run Formation 

15
AU-03-2: 5.9 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.65 miles north of south quadrangle 

border, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2065o

 N, longitude 77.1045o W). Surface 

elevation about 70 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation 

Sand, dominantly fine with sparse medium, silty, clayey, very pale 

brown (5YR 6/2)..................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular, silty, clayey, stiff, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) (1-2 feet) grading through pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) 

mottled medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1) and dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/6) (2-3 feet) to pale olive gray (5Y 6/2) ................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to fine, silty, clayey, pale olive 

gray (5Y 6/2) .......................................................................................................................6 – 7 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1)..............................................7 – 11 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular, silty, sparse round quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter at base, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

(11-18 feet) grading through pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) (18-30 feet) 

to olive gray (5Y 4/1) ........................................................................................................11 – 35 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)

Sand, very fine grading down to very fine to fine, silty, clayey, 

dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) grading down to medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................35 – 86 

Sand, fine to medium, round quartz pebbles and subdiscoids up to 

3 cm in diameter common, fine to medium grained sandstone clast 

3 cm in length also present, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).........................................86 – 88 

Indeterminate Formation 

Impenetrable hard bed.........................................................................................................at 88 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +35 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -18 feet elevation 

Bottomed on Tar Heel Formation? 

16
AURELIAN SPRINGS QUADRANGLE 

AS-02-1: 2.43 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.79 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3630o

 N, longitude 77.7936o W). Surface 

elevation 355 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Altamaha Formation 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, clayey, contains sparse round quartz pebbles 

up to 4 cm in diameter, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ....................................................0 – 9 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, more clayey than above, grayish orange 

(10YR 6/4) mottled light gray (N 7.5) .................................................................................9 – 12 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, less clayey than above, moderate red 

(5R 5/4) grading down to light gray (N 7.5) .....................................................................12 – 16 

Sand, fine to coarse, clayey, silty, tough, moderate red (5R 5/4) and 

light gray (N 7.5) interlayered...........................................................................................16 – 21 

Sand, fine to coarse, clayey, silty, tough, moderate red (5R 5/4) 

mottled light gray (N 7.5)..................................................................................................21 – 26 

Sand, fine to coarse, clayey, silty, pebbly, very fine to fine dark heavy 

minerals abundant, light red (5R 6/4) grading down to light gray (N 7.5) 

streaked with light red (5R 6/4) ........................................................................................26 – 34 

Sand, fine to coarse, clayey, silty, pebbly, pebbles abundant at base, 

light red (5R 6/4)...............................................................................................................34 – 49 

Gravel, clayballs, sand matrix poorly sorted but well rounded, light 

gray (N 7.5) .......................................................................................................................49 – 50 

Choptank Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, well sorted, silty, softer than above, light 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).............................................................................................50 – 51 

17
Sand, fine to medium grading down to very fine to fine, more silty than 

above, micaceous, contains scattered medium to coarse subround to 

round quartz grains, light yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ...................................................51 – 69 

Sand, fine to medium, contains round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in 

diameter, light yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ....................................................................69 – 70 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, dense, dark grayish yellow green (5GY 6/2)...................70 – 71 

 

Base of Altamaha Formation: +305 feet elevation 

Base of Choptank Formation: +285 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

18
AS-02-2: 0.08 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 8.47 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3728o

 N, longitude 77.7512o W). Surface 

elevation 265 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 3) 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, clayey, contains subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, moderate brown (5YR 4/4) grading 

down to moderate brown (5YR 4/6)....................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to coarse grading down to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, very 

fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains abundant, moderate brown (5YR 4/6) ....................1 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium, slightly silty, very fine to fine, dark heavy mineral 

grains abundant, moderate brown (5YR 4/6).....................................................................11 – 18 

Sand, fine to coarse, subround quartz pebbles and subdiscoids present up 

to 6 cm in diameter, fine to medium dark heavy mineral grains abundant, 

moderate yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).............................................................................18 – 19 

Sand, fine, well-sorted, very fine dark heavy mineral grains abundant, 

slightly silty, moderate yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).......................................................19 – 23 

Sand, very fine, silty, very fine dark heavy mineral grains abundant, 

moderate yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).............................................................................23 – 26 

Silt, very fine sandy, light reddish brown (10R 4/4).........................................................26 – 31 

Gravel, round to subround quartz clasts up to 5 cm in diameter, very fine 

sandy silt matrix, light reddish brown (10R 4/4) ..............................................................31 – 34 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks

Saprolite, angular gray quartz grains in clay-silt matrix, light reddish brown 

(10R 4/4) and light gray (N 8) with a salt and pepper texture that may reflect 

ghosts of feldspar and amphibole respectively .................................................................34 – 36 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 3): +231 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

19
BOONES CROSSROADS QUADRANGLE 

BC-02-1: 4.10 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.41 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3576o

 N, longitude 77.4483o W). Surface 

elevation 88 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, slightly clayey, pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, slightly clayey, reddish brown (10R 4/6) 

mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6), grades rapidly to ..............................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular to subround, silty and slightly 

clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades rapidly to .............................................6 – 13 

Silt, slightly clayey and very fine sandy, contains scattered grains of 

medium sand, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) streaked yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2); sand disappears by 21 feet and silt contains very fine 

to fine flakes of silvery mica, grades rapidly at base to....................................................13 – 30 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, contains coarse flakes of silvery mica, 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to....................................................................30 – 40 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, moderate grayish yellow (5Y 7/4)..........................40 – 46 

Sand, fine to medium grading downward to fine to coarse, silty, soft, 

feldspathic, sparse very fine to fine dark heavy minerals present, 

moderate grayish orange (10YR 8/4).................................................................................46 – 56 

Sand, fine to coarse, feldspathic, gravelly with subangular to subround 

quartz clasts up to 5 cm in diameter, olive (10Y 5/2)........................................................56 – 58 

Clubhouse Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, interbedded with sand, very fine, silty 

and clayey, dense and stiff, micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) 

grading by 61 feet to dark reddish brown (10R 3/6) mottled pale olive 

gray (5Y 6/2) ..................................................................................................................... 58 - 71 

Base of Windsor Formation: +30 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

20
BC-03-2: 5.71 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.39 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2991o

 N, longitude 77.4768o W). Surface 

elevation 58 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Older Alluvium 

Sand, very fine to fine, micaceous, silty, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)......................0 – 9 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, sticky, dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/4) grading down at 16 feet to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) ...............................................................................9 – 22 

Gravel, round to subround quartz clasts up to 6 cm in diameter, in medium 

to very coarse sand matrix, silty, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) grading 

through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/8) (25-31 feet) to pale olive (10Y 6/2) ..............22 – 34 

Clubhouse Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, very micaceous, light olive brown 

(5Y 5/4) (34-36 feet) grading to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled moderate 

olive brown (5Y 4/4) .........................................................................................................34 – 41 

Base of older alluvium: +24 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

21
CONWAY QUADRANGLE 

CW-03-1: 3.23 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.15 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4498o

 N, longitude 77.1824o W). Surface elevation 

39 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Fill, clayey and silty sand....................................................................................................0 – 2 

Alluvium 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, unconsolidated, dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (2.5-3 feet) 

through grayish orange (10YR 6.5/4) (3-6 feet) to pale orange (10YR 7/2)........................2 – 7 

Sand, medium to coarse grading down to coarse to very coarse, contains 

scattered round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, grayish orange 

(10YR 6.5/4) ........................................................................................................................7 – 11 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).....................................11 – 12 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, shelly (mostly Mulinia sp.) to very shelly 

near base, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .......................................................................12 – 19 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine, well sorted, slightly silty, sparsely shelly, grayish olive (10Y 4/2) ................19 – 21 

Sand, fine, well sorted, slightly silty, interbedded with silt, very fine sandy, 

dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) ..............................................................................................21 – 28 

Sand, fine, silty, sparse shell fragments locally present, round light and dark 

gray quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter at base, dark greenish gray 

(5G 4/1) grading downward to dark grayish olive (10Y 3/2) around 40 feet....................28 – 51 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, slightly 

clayey, micaceous, dense, medium greenish gray (5GY 7/1) ...........................................51 – 56 

Base of alluvium: +28 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +20 feet elevation 

Base of Eastover Formation: -12 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

22
CW-03-2: 2.65 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.20 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4215o

 N, longitude 77.1718o W). Surface elevation 

98 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, very fine to medium, dominantly fine, silty, clayey, dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4)....................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to medium grading down to medium to very coarse, 

poorly sorted, angular to subangular, silty, clayey, contains scattered 

round quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, light 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down to pale olive gray (5Y 4/1) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .........................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to very coarse, silty, pebbly, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) ...........................................................................................................................6 – 14 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine, silty and clayey, micaceous, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to dark gray (N 4) in basal foot................................................14 – 19 

Sand, very fine, silty, contains scattered subangular quartz granules 

and small pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter, pale olive gray (5Y 6/2)..............................19 – 23 

Sand, medium to very coarse, with scattered round quartz pebbles 

up to 1 cm in diameter, silty, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) grading 

through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6; 27-28 feet) through yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/1; 28-31 feet) through light grayish orange (10YR 8/4; 

31-34 feet) to dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4; 34-38 feet) ...............................................23 – 38 

Silt, clayey, light olive gray (5Y 5/2), thin layer one inch thick .........................................at 38 

Sand, medium to very coarse, silty, clayey, micaceous, light olive 

gray (5Y 5/2) grading by base to medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .................................38 – 41 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) .............................41 – 56 

Base of Windsor Formation: +84 feet elevation 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +57 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Chowan River Formation 

23
DARLINGTON QUADRANGLE 

DA-02-1: 3.12 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.22 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3543o

 N, longitude 77.6803o W). Surface 

elevation 143 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill ..............................................................................................................................0 – 2 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to coarse, dominantly medium, subangular to subround, dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to light brown (5YR 5/6) .............................. 2 – 6 

Sand, very fine to medium, dominantly fine, very silty, very clayey, 

micaceous, breaks along platy fractures, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 7/1) streaked dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .......................................................6 – 11 

Sand, dominantly fine, very silty, very clayey, grayish yellow 

(10YR 7/4) grading down to medium yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) .........................................11 – 15 

Sand, fine, well sorted, slightly silty, soft, contains 1-2% very fine to 

fine dark heavy minerals, medium orange (10YR 5/6) .....................................................15 – 16 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium, silty, soft, contains 

abundant very fine to fine dark heavy minerals throughout and round 

quartz pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter at base, medium yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/1) grading down to dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) ...........................................16 – 21 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, micaceous, moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) 

grading down by 21.5 feet to medium gray (N 5).............................................................21 – 24 

Gravel, subangular to subround quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, 

in silty, very fine to fine quartz sand matrix, medium gray (N 5).....................................24 – 26 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, angular quartz grains and clay pods in clay matrix, micaceous, 

greenish gray (5G 6/1) grading down to dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) ............................26 – 31 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +122 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +117 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

24
DA-02-2: 5.77 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.11 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3719o

 N, longitude 77.7333o W). Surface 

elevation 193 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, well sorted, loose, very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains appear at one foot and become more abundant downward, 

dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) .........................................................................................................0 – 6 

Sand, dominantly fine to medium, scattered subround to round coarse 

grains present, very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains abundant, 

silty, thixotropic, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading to light orange pink 

(10R 8/4) .............................................................................................................................6 – 24 

Sand, dominantly fine to medium, scattered subround to round coarse 

grains present, silty, round quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter 

present at base, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4)..............................................................................24 – 33 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

Silt, slightly micaceous, much denser than above, pale grayish yellow 

(5Y 9/4) grading down by 41 feet to moderate greenish gray (5G 7/1) ............................33 – 46 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +160 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

25
DA-03-3: 3.62 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.31 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2981o

 N, longitude 77.6896o W). Surface elevation 

135 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to coarse, coarse grains round, poorly sorted, silty, clayey, 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading through light olive brown 

(5Y 5/4; 0.5-1.0 foot) to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled moderate 

reddish brown (10R 4/6) .....................................................................................................0 – 7 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains scattered round quartz pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter, light brown (5YR 6/4) mottled grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) ...........................................................................................................................7 – 11 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains scattered subround to round 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, silty, pale grayish orange 

(10YR 9/4) .........................................................................................................................11 – 20 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, mollusk shells abundant, round quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter abundant in basal foot, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) grading through dusky yellow (5Y 6/4; 20-23 feet) 

to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)....................................................................................20 – 27 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

Saprolite, angular quartz grains floating in a silt and clay matrix, 

some foliation fabric discernable, grayish green (10G 4/2) grading 

down to dark olive brown (5Y 3/4) mottled olive gray (5Y 4/1).......................................27 – 31 

Refusal, hit impenetrable rock ............................................................................................at 31

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +115 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +108 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt rocks 

26
DA-03-4: 5.74 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.10 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3095o

 N, longitude 77.7274o W). Surface 

elevation 205 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, silty, round 

quartz granules and pebbles up to 0.5 cm present at base and one quartz 

discoid, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading down to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ...............................................................................................................0 – 3 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, stiff, sharp contact with bed above, 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/8)..................................3 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, well sorted, micaceous, moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) mottled light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading 

through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) to yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) ...........................................................................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, very fine to medium, poorly sorted, subangular, contains 

scattered round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter and 

concentrated quartz pebbles at base, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) .........................................................................................................................11 – 19 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, subangular medium quartz grains floating in a silt and clay 

matrix, light brown (5YR 5/6) ...........................................................................................19 – 28 

Saprolite, silt and clay, banded foliation texture discernible, reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) ................................................................................................................28 – 31 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +186 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

27
DAWSON CROSSROADS QUADRANGLE 

DC-03-1: 0.77 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 5.48 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2044o

 N, longitude 77.5134o W). Surface 

elevation 126 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

grading through dusky yellowish brown (10YR 2/2) to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2)................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1) 

grading through moderate yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) (3-6 feet) to light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and 

moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) .....................................................................................1 – 9 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) grading to 

medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1), goes abruptly to pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2; 14-15 feet) and then grades through yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/8; 15-16 feet) and through dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4; 

16-28 feet) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/8)........................................................................9 – 29 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, interbedded with sand, very fine, silty, clayey, 

dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) grading down to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) ..........................29 – 34 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1), 

grades to............................................................................................................................34 – 43 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant round quartz pebbles up to 

1 cm in diameter, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1)...............................................................43 – 46 

Sand, medium to coarse, sparse pebbles present below 56 feet, light 

greenish gray (5GY 7/1)....................................................................................................46 – 60 

Gravel, subround to round quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter, in 

medium to coarse sand matrix ..........................................................................................60 – 61 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, fine, silty, mollusk shells abundant, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ....................61 – 66 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +65 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

28
DC-03-2: 4.73 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.02 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1980o

 N, longitude 77.5844o W). Surface 

elevation 112 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine, grayish orange (10YR 7/4), grading down to sand, very 

fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .....................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, light brown (5YR 5/6) grading 

down to silt, clayey, very fine sandy, reddish brown (10R 5/6) mottled 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).......................................................................................................1 – 6 

Silt, clayey, very fine to fine sandy, micaceous, stiff, moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to 

moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) .....................................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, silty, clayey 

in some areas, medium yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to 

pale brown (5YR 6/6) ........................................................................................................11 – 22 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, dark orange (10YR 6/8) grading down 

through yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled dark orange (10YR 6/8; 

23-24 feet) through moderate brown (5YR 4/6; 24-24.5 feet) through 

dark orange (10YR 6/8; 24.5-25 feet) through dark grayish yellow 

(5Y 7/4; 25-25.5) to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)........................................................22 – 26 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +90 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

29
DC-03-3: 4.74 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.43 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, in west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2039o

 N, longitude 77.5846o W). Surface 

elevation 84 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Alluvium 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) ....................................0 – 2 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) grading 

down to dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) mottled reddish brown (10R 5/6) ...........................2 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1)............................................6 – 9 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) becoming mottled 

with dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) in basal 0.5 foot....................................................9 – 12 

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, greenish gray (5GY 6/1) ...................................................12 – 13 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, olive gray (5Y 4/2) grading down through 

light olive gray (5Y 6/1; 15-16 feet) to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ..........................13 – 22 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), grades to.............22 – 32 

Sand, fine, silty, sparsely shelly, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ...................................32 – 36 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, clayey, 

shelly, rounded shell fragments abundant along basal contact, medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) ......................................................................................................36 – 41 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, very dense, medium greenish gray 

(5G 7/1) mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) and moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) ................................................................................................................41 – 46 

Base of alluvium: +62 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +43 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

30
DRAKE QUADRANGLE 

DK-03-1: 4.68 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.10 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, on border of south-central and southwest 1/9ths of map area (latitude 36.0018o

 N, longitude 

77.8329o W). Surface elevation 142 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to subround, very silty, 

very clayey, pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) streaked yellowish 

brown (10YR 5/2) grading down through dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6; 0.5-2.0 feet) to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled reddish 

brown (10R 5/6), sharp basal contact..................................................................................0 – 4 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to subround, slightly silty, 

slightly clayey, light brownish gray (5YR 6/1) grading down to 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4), sharp basal contact..................................................................4 – 8 

Silt, clayey, finely micaceous, dense, sticky, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to reddish brown (10R 5/6) mottled 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), grades rapidly to..........................................................................8 – 10 

Sand, fine to coarse, dominantly medium, silty, clayey, dense, 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), white streaks suggest kaolinitized former 

coarse to very coarse feldspar sand grains........................................................................10 – 11 

Silt, clayey, finely micaceous, dense, sticky, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).............................11 – 14 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains scattered subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .........................................................14 – 15 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, finely micaceous, dense, sticky, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

streaked dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) mottled medium olive brown (5Y 4/4) and 

dark grayish olive (10Y 3/2), grades rapidly to.................................................................15 – 19 

Sand, fine, very well sorted, slightly silty, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1)...........................................................................................................................19 – 26 

Sand, fine, very well sorted, slightly silty, micaceous, shell fragments 

abundant with average size coarsening downward, some whole 

Mulinia sp. present, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .......................................................26 – 36 

31
Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, subangular, 

shelly (including Mulinia sp., Rangia sp., Venericardia sp., barnacles, 

etc.), round black-stained quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter 

abundant, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), sharp basal contact.......................................36 – 39 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, moderately well sorted, very silty, very clayey, 

dense, stiff, sticky, very hard to get off stems, moderate grayish green 

(10G 5/2) grading rapidly to grayish green (10G 4/2), mottles of 

moderate brown (5YR 4/6) and moderate olive gray (5Y 4/2) present 

below 42 feet and white streaks of kaolin scattered throughout.......................................39 – 46 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +127 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +103 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

32
DK-03-2: 5.38 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.53 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0080o

 N, longitude 77.8450o W). Surface elevation 

165 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to medium, subround to round, very clean, dark grayish 

yellow (5Y 5/4)....................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, medium to coarse, subround to round, contains 2-5% very fine 

to fine dark heavy mineral grains, slightly silty, dark grayish yellow 

(5Y 5/4) grading to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).......................................................................................................1 – 5 

Sand, fine to medium, subround to round, contains 2-5% very fine to 

fine dark heavy mineral grains, slightly silty, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y7/2) and reddish brown (10R 5/8) .........................5 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, subround to round, contains 2-5% very fine to 

fine dark heavy mineral grains, slightly silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

sparsely mottled pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) ............................................................6 – 10 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to dominantly fine, contains 2-5% 

very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, very silty, very clayey, dense, 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).................................10 – 21 

Sand, fine to medium, contains quartz granules and pebbles up to 2 cm 

including discoids, 2-5% very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains 

present, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ..............................................................21 – 23 

Sand, fine to medium, 2-5% very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains 

present, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ..............................................................23 – 29 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains quartz pebbles up to 6 cm in 

diameter, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).....................................................................29 – 31 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, coarse angular equant quartz grains floating in a silt and clay 

matrix, micaceous, dark grayish yellow (5Y 5/4) .............................................................31 – 42 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +134 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt metamorphosed granite 

33
DK-03-3: 4.78 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 8.07 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1169o

 N, longitude 77.8349o W). Surface elevation 

155 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to coarse, dominantly fine, round, clean, dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) grading down to grayish orange (10YR 6/4)..........................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine, contains 1-2% very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, 

slightly silty and clayey at top but becoming more silty and clayey 

downward, dark grayish orange (10YR 7/4) mottled dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) and yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), mottles of reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) appear below 4 feet, grades to .................................................................1 – 11 

Silt, very fine sandy, contains scattered quartz granules and small 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, rounded between 14 and 16 feet, 

dark grayish orange (10YR 7/4) mottled dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6), yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), and reddish brown (10R 4/6), 

grades rapidly to................................................................................................................11 – 17 

Sand, fine grading downward through medium to coarse, below 20 

feet contains scattered rounded quartz pebbles up to 4 cm in diameter, 

dark grayish orange (10YR 7/4) mottled dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6), yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), and reddish brown (10R 4/6) .................................17 – 24 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, angular very coarse equant quartz grains in clay and 

silt matrix, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) grading down to dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) .............................................................................................24 – 25 

Refusal, hit solid rock .........................................................................................................at 25 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +131 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt metamorphosed granite 

34
DK-03-4: 0.79 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 0.08 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0013o

 N, longitude 77.7638o W). Surface elevation 

120 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill ..............................................................................................................................0 – 4 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine with rare medium to coarse grains, clean, olive (10Y 5/2) 

mottled moderate olive gray (5Y 5/2) .................................................................................4 – 6 

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, clayey, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) .......................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) and reddish brown (10R 5/6) ......................11 – 14 

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, very clayey, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) and reddish brown (10R 5/6) ......................14 – 16 

Silt, clayey, sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) and reddish brown (10R 5/6) ..............................................................16 – 28 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, very fine mica abundant, dark yellowish 

gray (5Y 6/2) grading by 32 feet to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)................................28 – 38 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1).............................38 – 45 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly silty, shelly, greenish gray (5GY 6/1).............................45 – 70 

Sand, very fine, slightly silty, clayey, sparsely shelly, moderate olive 

gray (5Y 4/2) .....................................................................................................................70 – 75 

Sand, fine to medium, contains abundant round quartz pebbles up to 

3 cm in diameter, moderate olive gray (5Y 4/2)................................................................75 – 76 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subround to round grading down to 

subangular to subround, clayey, dense, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 7/1) mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4), dusky yellow 

(5Y 6/4), and pale brownish gray (5YR 7/1)......................................................................76 – 81 

35
Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +92 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +44 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

36
DK-03-5: 0.74 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 8.04 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1166o

 N, longitude 77.7632o W). Surface elevation 

135 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, light olive gray (5Y 5.5/1).....................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine, very silty, clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) blotched 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).......................................................................................1 – 7 

Sand, fine grading down through fine to medium to fine to coarse, 

pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...................................7 – 10 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, stiff, dense, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .......................................................................10 – 17 

Sand, very fine to fine with scattered medium and coarse grains, 

poorly sorted, very silty, thixotropic, pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4), 

coarsens down to...............................................................................................................17 – 29 

Sand, medium to very coarse, granular, slightly silty, pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) .............................................................................................................29 – 35 

Sand, medium to very coarse, gravelly with round quartz clasts up to 

4 cm in diameter, dark grayish orange (10YR 7/6) ...........................................................35 – 36 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, slightly clayey, finely micaceous, mollusk shells 

present between 38 and 41 feet, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) ........................................36 – 48 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, scattered angular medium quartz grains floating in a clayey 

silt matrix, slightly micaceous, moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5.5/4) ........................48 – 76 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +99 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +87 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

37
DK-03-6: 3.30 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.91 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0714o

 N, longitude 77.8067o W). Surface elevation 

125 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine with scattered grains of medium and coarse, coarse 

fraction round, grayish orange (10YR 6/4) grading down to dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...............................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) with mottles of moderate reddish orange (10R 6/8) 

grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ...............................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, dominantly fine with some medium, very silty, clayey, dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...............................................................................................6 – 9 

Silt, clayey, very fine to fine sandy, stiff and sticky, yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2) .......................................................................................................................9 – 16 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), grades to......................................16 – 19 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant quartz pebbles up to 

4 cm in diameter, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ...........................................................19 – 22 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, yellowish orange (10YR 7/8) grading by 

23.5 feet to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), mollusk shells 

abundant below 28 feet (including pectenids) ..................................................................22 – 38 

Sand, very coarse, one inch-thick layer ..............................................................................at 38 

Metamorphosed Granite? 

Refusal, impenetrable rock ledge, nearby mapping suggests granite 

is the likely lithology ..........................................................................................................at 38 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +103 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +87 feet elevation 

Bottomed on metamorphosed granite? 

38
DK-03-7: 0.43 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 4.41 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0628o

 N, longitude 77.7574o W). Surface 

elevation 98 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Alluvium

Sand, fine to medium, contains scattered round coarse grains, loose, 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) and yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading 

down to yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) .................................................................................0 – 2 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).............................2 – 3 

Sand, fine to medium, contains scattered subround to round coarse 

to very coarse grains, micaceous, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).........................................3 – 6 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains granules and small pebbles 

of quartz, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4)..........................................................................6 – 7 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled moderate 

brown (5YR 4/6)..................................................................................................................7 – 9 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ...........................................9 – 16 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, very shelly, greenish gray 

(5G 6/1) grading down to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ..............................................16 – 38 

Sand, fine to medium, contains abundant subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter and subround phosphate pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter, light olive gray (5Y 5/2)...................................................................38 – 39 

Clubhouse Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, very dense, medium olive gray 

(5Y 5/1) mottled pale olive gray (5Y 7/1), moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6), and light greenish gray (5G 8/1)...........................................................39 – 46 

Base of alluvium: +96 feet elevation 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +91 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +59 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

39
DK-94-8: 5.73 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.07 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0154o

 N, longitude 77.8518o W). Surface elevation 

192 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chowan River Formation

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, clayey, dense, contains round quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter and plinthite nodules, moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) grading down through light brown 

(5YR 5/6; 2-4 feet) to moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) ..................................................0 – 8 

Gravel, round quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter in fine to 

coarse sand matrix, moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) .....................................................8 – 10 

Sand, medium to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) ................................................................................................................10 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium, contains scattered polished coarse quartz 

grains, very fine dark heavy mineral grains abundant, silty, 

micaceous, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down by 

20 feet to moderate orange pink (5YR 8/4), grades rapidly to ..........................................11 – 31 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, micaceous, very fine dark heavy 

mineral grains abundant, quartz discoids up to 1.5 cm in 

diameter concentrated at base, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ...................................31 – 37 

Metamorphosed Granite 

Saprolite, fine to coarse angular quartz grains in silt and clay 

matrix, micaceous, moderate reddish orange (10R 6/6) ...................................................37 – 61 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +155 feet elevation 

Bottomed in metamorphosed granite saprolite 

40
DRAUGHN QUADRANGLE 

DR-03-1: 6.78 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.68 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0098o

 N, longitude 77.6198o W). Surface elevation 

90 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, mostly fine but with scattered subround grains up to very 

coarse, slightly silty, dark grayish yellow (5Y 6.5/4)..........................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine grading down to medium to coarse, silty, slightly clayey, 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).......................................................................................1 – 11 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ......................................................11 – 13 

Silt, very fine sandy, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ..................................................13 – 16 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................................16 – 23 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, shelly, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)..................23 – 26 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +79 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

41
DR-03-2: 4.15 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 8.17 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1184o

 N, longitude 77.5737o W). Surface 

elevation 65 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Alluvium 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .........................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, sandy, increasingly clayey downward, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading rapidly down to medium greenish gray (5GY 7/1)..............................1 – 5 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)..............................5 – 8 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ...........................................8 – 16 

Sand, fine, well sorted, grading down to medium to coarse by base, 

micaceous, soft, thixotropic, medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1).......................................16 – 22 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, medium to coarse, clayey, dense, medium light greenish gray 

(5GY 8/1) mottled light olive brown (5Y 5/4) and moderate brown 

(5YR 4/6) ...........................................................................................................................22 – 31 

Base of alluvium: +43 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

42
DR-03-3: 0.88 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 7.79 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0987o

 N, longitude 77.5155o W). Surface elevation 

60 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill, pebbly sand .........................................................................................................0 – 1 

Alluvium 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) 

grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ...........................................................1 – 3 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, brownish gray (5YR 4/1) ..........................................3 – 4 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, medium olive gray (5Y 5/1).......................................4 – 9 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ...........................................9 – 10 

Sand, fine to coarse, granular, silty, thixotropic, contains rounded 

wood chips, medium olive gray (5Y 5.5/1).......................................................................10 – 13 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, contains scattered very coarse 

grains, granules, and pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter, dark greenish 

gray (5GY 4/1), grades to..................................................................................................13 – 21 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)...................................21 – 23 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, dense, light brownish gray (5YR 6/1) ........................................23 – 26 

Sand, fine to medium, coarsening downward to medium to coarse, 

pale olive gray (5Y 7/1).....................................................................................................26 – 34 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1)...........................................34 – 37 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) ......................................................37 – 38 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1)...........................................38 – 41 

Silt, clayey, dense, light olive gray (5Y 6/1) changing abruptly to 

moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) at 42 feet, very tough drilling....................................41 – 44 

Base of alluvium: +37 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

43
DR-03-4: 0.88 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 0.31 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0047o

 N, longitude 77.5155o W). Surface elevation 

70 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill, medium to coarse sand........................................................................................0 – 1 

Alluvium 

Sand, fine, well sorted, olive gray (5Y 4/2) grading through pale olive 

brown (5Y 6/6) back to olive gray (5Y 4/2).........................................................................1 – 2 

Silt, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled light olive gray 

(5Y 5/2) grading through moderate grayish brown (5YR 3/2) (5-6 feet) 

to yellowish gray (5Y 6.5/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

and brownish gray (5YR 4/1) in basal foot..........................................................................2 – 8 

Sand, very fine, silty, medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) .............................................................8 – 9 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading down 

to sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, medium olive gray (5Y 5/1)..................................9 – 12 

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, light olive gray (5Y 5/2)...............................................12 – 15 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, sparsely shelly at top but more shelly downward, 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) grading down to greenish gray (5G 6/1)........................15 – 26 

Sand, fine grading down to medium, sparsely shelly, greenish gray (5G 6/1).................26 – 32 

Sand, very fine grading down to fine, clayey, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1), grades to ..........................................................................................................32 – 39 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)...................................39 – 41 

Base of alluvium: +55 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +29 feet elevation 

(Probably bottomed just above Cape Fear Formation) 

44
DR-03-5: 6.30 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.73 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0976o

 N, longitude 77.6120o W). Surface elevation 

125 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading down 

to grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ..............................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey grading down to slightly clayey, 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading through dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6; 2-4 feet) and through yellowish gray (5Y 7/2; 4-6 feet) to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)...................................1 – 9 

Sand, very fine to fine with an accessory fraction of coarse to very 

coarse, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2), about 1 inch thick lens .......................................................................................... at 9 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), grades to........................................................9 – 13 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) mottled 

moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), grades to...................................................................13 – 18 

Sand, very fine grading down to fine, clayey, silty, light yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) ................................................18 – 22 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, subangular, 

silty, slightly clayey, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4)......................................................22 – 31 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading through 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6; 32-33 feet) and through yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2; 33-35 feet) to medium yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) streaked pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) and dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/4)........................................31 – 37 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................................37 – 46 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +94 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

45
ENFIELD QUADRANGLE 

EN-03-1: 3.10 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.21 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1716o

 N, longitude 77.6798o W). Surface elevation 114 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill ..............................................................................................................................0 – 2 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, light olive gray (5Y 6/1) grading down 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to..................................................................2 – 6 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, dense, stiff, yellowish gray (5Y 7/1) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to.........................................................6 – 14 

Sand, very fine, silty, thixotropic, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)..............................14 – 16 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) grading down 

to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).................................................................................................16 – 29 

Sand, medium to coarse, angular to subangular, silty, yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading through pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4; 

30-32 feet) to pale olive brown (5Y 6/6), grades to ..........................................................29 – 32 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, contains subround quartz granules and 

pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter, pale olive brown (5Y 6/6) ..............................................32 – 34 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, shelly, greenish gray (5GY 6/1), grades to.....................................34 – 40 

Sand, very fine, sparsely shelly, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) ..........................................40 – 57 

Sand, fine to medium, round black-stained quartz pebbles up to 

3 cm in diameter abundant, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) .................................................57 – 58 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, derived from banded biotite gneiss, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 7/1) rapidly grading to pale olive (10Y 6/2) ............................................................58 – 61 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +80 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +56 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

46
EN-03-2: 8.36 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.97 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2405o

 N, longitude 77.7362o W). Surface elevation 

152 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to medium with scattered coarse grains grading down to 

very fine to fine with scattered medium grains, silty, clayey, dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...............................................................................................0 – 7 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, dense, stiff, pale reddish brown 

(10R 5/4) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ..............................................................7 – 14 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, angular to very angular fine to medium quartz grains 

floating in a clay-silt matrix, local pods of kaolin present, reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) mottled pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading 

down to reddish brown (10R 5/6) mottled pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2), dark gray (N 3) and yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) .............................................14 – 36 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +138 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

47
GALATIA QUADRANGLE 

GA-02-1: 0.22 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 5.22 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4508o

 N, longitude 77.2539o W). Surface 

elevation 90 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill, fine to coarse sand...............................................................................................0 – 1 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, medium to coarse, poorly sorted, subround, silty, contains 

sparse quartz granules and pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter, very 

dark yellowish orange (5YR 5/6) grading down at 9 feet to very 

pale orange (10YR 8/2)........................................................................................................1 – 11 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, medium olive gray (5Y 4/2).............................................11 – 14 

Chowan River Formation 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................14 – 37 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, thixotropic, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1)...........................................................................................................................37 – 48 

Sand, medium to coarse, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .............................................48 – 51 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subround, silty, clayey, 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)......................................................................................51 – 66 

No recovery, drilled crunchy so apparently gravel...........................................................66 – 68 

Indeterminate Formation 

Indurated bed, probably top of Cape Fear Formation........................................................ at 68 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +76 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +22 feet elevation 

Bottomed on Cape Fear Formation? 

48
GA-02-2: 5.99 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.98 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4327o

 N, longitude 77.3555o W). Surface 

elevation 120 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) ...........................................................................................................................0 – 4 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, pale yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) ..........................................................4 – 6 

Silt, very fine to fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) ..................................................6 – 11 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, slightly clayey, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6), grades to.............................................................................................11 – 32 

Sand, medium to coarse, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to............................32 – 39 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains scattered round quartz pebbles up 

to 2.5 cm in diameter, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ................................................39 – 49 

Sand, medium to very coarse, slightly silty, very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) .............................................................................................................49 – 52 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, grading down to silt, clayey, very 

fine sandy, finely micaceous, light brown (5YR 5/6) rapidly 

grading down to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1).............................................................52 – 56 

Sand, very fine grading down to very fine to fine, silty, sparsely 

shelly, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) ..........................................................................56 – 84 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, contains abundant shell fragments 

and phosphate pellets, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .................................................84 – 85 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, very clayey, dense, contains sparse 

barnacle elements, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), grades to.........................................85 – 88 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) ............................................ 88 – 103 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains black-stained quartz pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)........................................................ 103 – 104 

49
Cape Fear Formation 

Clay, silty, very fine sandy, stiff, dense, greenish gray (5G 6/1) 

grading rapidly to moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) mottled 

greenish gray (5G 6/1), grades to................................................................................... 104 – 107 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, coarsely micaceous, stiff, very dense, 

moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) mottled greenish gray (5G 6/1).............................. 107 – 111 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +68 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +35 feet elevation 

Base of Eastover Formation: +16 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

50
GA-03-3: 0.39 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 4.33 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4379o

 N, longitude 77.2569o W). Surface 

elevation 119 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Moorings Member 

Sand, upper fine to lower medium, well sorted, clean, pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4), grades rapidly to ..................................................................................0 – 3 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)......................................3 – 6 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, clayey, reddish brown 

(10R 4/6) mottled very pale orange (10YR 8/2) grading down 

through dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6; 8-9 feet) to moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) ...............................................................................................6 – 10 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2).................................10 – 11 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Moorings Member): +116 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member) 

51
HALIFAX QUADRANGLE

HA-02-1: 5.30 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.57 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3600o

 N, longitude 77.5949o W). Surface elevation 

107 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, dominantly medium ranging up to coarse, slightly silty, 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)...............................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains subround quartz granules 

and rare round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, silty, slightly 

clayey, moderate orange (10YR 5/6) grading down to pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) at 11 feet ...............................................................................................1 – 14 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) mottled 

moderate orange (10YR 5/6) .............................................................................................14 – 15 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very clayey, greasy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) streaked 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) .............................................................................................15 – 16 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, finely micaceous, round quartz 

pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter abundant in basal foot, medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) ......................................................................................................16 – 36 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, soft, upper 3 feet has burrows filled with 

lithology from above, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ....................................................36 – 45 

Sand, fine to medium, contains chalky shells, angular to subangular 

quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter common at base, medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) ......................................................................................................45 – 47 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, abundant coarse angular quartz grains and sand-size pods 

of kaolin floating in clay matrix, medium greenish gray (5GY 7/1).................................47 – 51 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +92 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +71 feet elevation 

Base of Eastover Formation: +60 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

52
HA-02-2: 1.00 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 6.67 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3452o

 N, longitude 77.5174o W). Surface elevation 

67 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Older Alluvium 

Sand, dominantly fine but with scattered subround medium to coarse 

grains, silty, pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) grading down to 

moderate brown (5YR 4/6)..................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, grades downward from fine to fine-medium, silty and micaceous, 

moderate brown (5YR 4/6), more silty and slightly clayey below 6 feet, 

at base grades rapidly to......................................................................................................1 – 18 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, subround to subangular, slightly silty, loose, 

contains round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm diameter, moderate orange 

(10YR 5/6) grading down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4); pebbles 

near base up to 4 cm diameter...........................................................................................18 – 35 

Windsor Formation? 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, loose, dark orange (10YR 3/6) grading 

down to olive (10Y 5/2).....................................................................................................35 – 38 

Silt, clayey, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1), grades to ................................................................38 – 46 

Silt, clayey, greasy and micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)...............................46 – 67 

Silt, clayey, greasy and micaceous, grayish black (N 2)...................................................67 – 69 

Silt, clayey, greasy and micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), 

grades rapidly to................................................................................................................69 – 77 

Sand, fine to coarse, subround, poorly sorted at top and better sorted 

downward, silty, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .........................................................77 – 81 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, angular quartz in clay matrix, reddish brown (10R 3/6) 

mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading through pale reddish brown 

(10R 6/4; 82-84 feet) to pale reddish brown (10R 6/4) mottled pale 

yellowish gray (5Y 8/2).....................................................................................................81 – 86 

53
Base of older alluvium: +32 feet elevation 

Base of Windsor Formation?: -14 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

54
HA-02-3: 3.48 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 2.96 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2930o

 N, longitude 77.5604o W). Surface elevation 74 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, light olive gray (5Y 6/1) mottled dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) (0-1 foot) grading down to light 

greenish gray (5G 7/1) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)....................................0 – 21 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, very dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 5/6) .........................................................................................................................21 – 32 

Sand, fine to medium, very silty, slightly clayey, soft, round 

quartz pebbles up to 2.5 cm in diameter present in basal two feet, 

very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) ............................................................................32 – 38 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains quartz granules and pebbles, 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4); saprolite clay ball present at 49-50 feet 

composed of kaolin and angular quartz, very light gray (N 8) 

streaked moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) .....................................................................38 – 52 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, angular quartz grains floating in clay matrix, dusky yellow 

(5Y 6/4) streaked moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) .......................................................52 – 56 

Base of Charles City Formation: +22 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

55
HA-02-4: 0.37 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 0.10 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2518o

 N, longitude 77.5095o W). Surface elevation 

111 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Silt, very clayey, very fine sandy, slightly micaceous, stiff, dense, 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).......................................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, very clayey, very fine sandy, slightly micaceous, stiff, dense, 

grading down to sand, very fine, silty, grayish orange (10YR 7/4), 

grades to..............................................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, clean, contains 1-2% 

very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) grading down to light grayish orange (10YR 8/4) ............................................6 – 11 

Sand, medium to coarse grading back and forth with coarse to 

very coarse three times, light grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading 

down at 23 feet to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/3)...........................................................11 – 31 

Sand, medium to very coarse, silty, contains quartz pebbles up to 

1 cm in diameter and clayballs of Yorktown lithology, dark grayish 

orange (10YR 6/4) .............................................................................................................31 – 41 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), 

grades to............................................................................................................................41 – 45 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, shelly (including Chesapecten), medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................................................45 – 61 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +70 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

56
HA-02-5: 5.62 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.87 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2628o

 N, longitude 77.6003o W). Surface elevation 

112 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, loose, grayish orange (10YR 7/2), 

grades to..............................................................................................................................0 – 3 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dense, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ..............................3 – 6 

Sand, fine to coarse, subangular to subround, slightly silty, slightly 

clayey, moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) mottled pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) .......................................................................................................................6 – 11 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, sticky, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) 

grading through dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) mottled medium olive 

gray (5Y 5/1; 15-17 feet) to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), grades to...........................11 – 21 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, very sticky, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)......................21 – 38 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, shelly (including oysters and Mulinia sp.), 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ........................................................................................38 – 40 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)......................40 – 41 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +101 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

57
HA-02-6: 6.63 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.31 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3124o

 N, longitude 77.6181o W). Surface 

elevation 125 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, loamy, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2).............................0 – 1 

Sand, fine, silty, slightly micaceous, medium olive gray (5Y 4/2) 

grading down in basal foot to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)........................................1 – 6 

Silt, clayey, very fine to medium sandy, basal foot contains abundant 

round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, pale olive (10Y 6/2) 

mottled pale brown (5YR 5/2) and dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ...............................6 – 11 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading 

down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), grades to ......................................................................11 – 20 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................................20 – 36 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, shelly, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)..............................36 – 56 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +114 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

58
HA-02-7: 4.82 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.42 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3147o

 N, longitude 77.5856o W). Surface 

elevation 112 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, medium to coarse, clean, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

grading down to grayish orange (10YR 7/4) .......................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular to subround, silty, slightly 

clayey, contains round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading down to pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) ...........................................................................................................................1 – 13 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades rapidly to................................................................13 – 17 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, finely micaceous, medium greenish 

gray (5G 5/1).....................................................................................................................17 – 60 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, finely micaceous, shelly, medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) ......................................................................................................60 – 72 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, medium to granule-size angular quartz in clayey silt 

matrix, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ................................................................................72 – 76 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +99 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +40 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

59
HA-02-8: 0.37 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 1.03 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2649o

 N, longitude 77.5063o W). Surface elevation 

60 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Older Alluvium 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, moderate brown (5YR 4/6) grading 

down to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) .........................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/6)................................................................................................................1 – 4 

Sand, medium, contains quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter, 

dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ..........................................................................................4 – 6 

Gravel, quartz clasts up to 3 cm in diameter, medium to coarse 

sand matrix, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)...................................................................6 – 12 

Gravel, quartz clasts up to 3 cm in diameter, coarse to very coarse 

sand matrix, grayish orange (10YR 7/4)............................................................................12 – 21 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, contains sparse quartz pebbles up to 

2 cm in diameter, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ...................................................................21 – 40 

Windsor Formation?

Sand, very fine, silty, very micaceous, contains fragments of 

carbonized wood, dark olive gray (5Y 3/1).......................................................................40 – 41 

Sand, fine to medium, micaceous, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) .........................................41 – 51 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, woody, olive gray (5Y 4/1) mottled 

grayish black (N 2)........................................................................................................... 51 – 51.5 

Sand, fine to medium, micaceous, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ......................................51.5 – 52 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, micaceous, soft, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................52 – 53 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, micaceous, dense but not sticky, 

very kaolinitic, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1) ..................................................................53 – 61 

Base of older alluvium: +20 feet elevation 

Base of Windsor Formation?: +7 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

60
HOBGOOD QUADRANGLE

HO-02-1: 2.79 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.62 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0237o

 N, longitude 77.4242o W). Surface 

elevation 70 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, medium yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/4) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, moderate orange (10YR 5/6) 

sparsely mottled light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ...................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, interbedded with 4-6 inch-thick 

layers of sand, very fine, silty, clayey, moderate orange (10YR 5/6) 

sparsely mottled light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ...................................................................6 – 20 

Sand, fine to medium, clayey, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).....................................20 – 21 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)

Sand, very fine, silty, interbedded with silt, very fine sandy, clayey, 

sparsely shelly below 28 feet, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .....................................21 – 39 

No recovery, crunchy drilling, probably a shell bed.........................................................39 – 41 

Sand, fine, silty, soft, sparsely shelly (including Turritella sp. 

and pectenids), medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).............................................................41 – 47 

Sand, fine to medium, quartz granules abundant, sparsely shelly, 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)......................................................................................47 – 48 

Clubhouse Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey, silty, finely micaceous, dense, tough 

drilling, pale olive (10Y 6/2), grading down to sand, very fine with 

scattered medium and coarse grains, light olive brown (5Y 5/4) 

mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) ............................................................................48 – 56 

Base of Windsor Formation: +49 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +22 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

61
HO-03-2: 6.78 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.60 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0959o

 N, longitude 77.4958o W). Surface elevation 

107 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, contains about 1% very fine to fine dark 

heavy mineral grains, silty, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) grading 

down through light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and light grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ....................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine grading down to very fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) ...............................................................................................................1 – 3 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, light reddish brown (10R 5/6) mottled 

light olive gray (5Y 5/2) grading down to light olive gray (5Y 5/2) 

mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) ........................................................................3 – 6 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, dark orange (10YR 4/6) mottled light 

 olive gray (5Y 5/2), moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), and dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...............................................................................................6 – 11 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2).......................................11 – 15 

Sand, very fine grading down to very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark 

yellowish gray (5Y 6/2).....................................................................................................15 – 23 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, moderate grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) ......................................23 – 24 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, micaceous, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) ...........................24 – 25 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading 

at 27 feet to medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) ..........................................................................25 – 31 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +82 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

62
HO-03-3: 7.00 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.95 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0139o

 N, longitude 77.4995o W). Surface elevation 

97 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading 

down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine grading downward to very fine, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) and pale reddish 

brown (10R 5/6), sharp basal contact..................................................................................1 – 7 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular to subround, silty, clayey, 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/8)...............................................................................................7 – 11 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), 

interbedded with sand, very fine, silty and clayey, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2)..............................................................................................................................11 – 14.5 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, silty, clayey, dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) ......................................................................................................................14.5 – 15 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading 

through grayish yellow (5Y 7/4; 16-16.5 feet) and greenish gray 

(5G 5/1; 16.5-17 feet) and dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4; 17-23 feet) 

to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)....................................................................................15 – 26 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +82 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

63
HO-03-4: 3.72 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.88 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1000o

 N, longitude 77.4409o W). Surface 

elevation 95 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading 

down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6.5/6)......................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) ..................................................................................................................1 – 6 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

reddish brown (10R 5/6) .....................................................................................................6 – 9 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

grading rapidly down to light brown (5YR 5/6) mottled pale 

yellowish orange (10YR 8/6)...............................................................................................9 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades to...............................11 – 19 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) 

grading through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) to dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/6)..............................................................................................................19 – 24 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, granular, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) ................................24 – 25 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, contains scattered medium and coarse 

grains, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled grayish brown (5YR 6/2) 

grading by 25.5 feet to light brownish gray (5YR 6/1) .....................................................25 – 31 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, thixotropic, dark grayish orange 

(10YR 6/4), grades to.........................................................................................................31 – 36 

Sand, medium to coarse, soft, silty, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4)...............................36 – 38 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) 

grading to medium dark gray (N 4)...................................................................................38 – 40 

64
Sand, very fine to fine, silty, shelly, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1), grades to ..........................................................................................................40 – 46 

Sand, fine, silty, shelly, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), grades to...............................46 – 61 

Sand, fine to medium, contains abundant dark round quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in diameter, sparsely shelly, olive (10Y 5/2)...................................................61 – 63 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, very fine to medium, subangular, silty, clayey, stiff, dense, 

pale olive gray (5Y 7/1).....................................................................................................63 – 66 

Base of Windsor Formation: +70 feet elevation 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +57 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +32 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

65
JACKSON QUADRANGLE

JA-02-1: 3.89 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 2.88 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4169o

 N, longitude 77.4442o W). Surface elevation 105 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine, well sorted, slightly silty, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down at 1 foot to grayish orange (10YR 7/4), grades to ........................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, clayey, stiff, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/4)................................................................1 – 11 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, very clayey, grading down to silt, 

very clayey, very fine to fine sandy, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/4) to 30 feet and then 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1)....................................................................................................11 – 30 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, silty, brownish gray (5YR 4/1) ..............................30 – 31 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, grading through silt, very fine sandy, and then 

back to sand, very fine, silty, olive gray (5Y 4/1) grading down at 44 

feet to medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), shelly below 34 feet ........................................31 – 51 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine grading down through fine to medium to medium at base, 

well sorted, silty, sparsely shelly, round quartz pebbles up to 2.5 cm 

in diameter at base, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)............................................................51 – 80 

Clubhouse Formation 

Clay, silty, very fine to fine sandy, dense, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 7/1) grading at 82 feet depth to moderate reddish brown 

(10R 4/6) mottled light olive brown (5Y 5/4)....................................................................80 – 91 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +74 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +54 feet elevation 

Base of Eastover Formation: +25 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

66
KELFORD QUADRANGLE

KE-03-1: 2.98 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.77 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1930o

 N, longitude 77.1779o W). Surface elevation 73 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dense, pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

mottled dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2), grades to.................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dense, medium brownish gray 

(5YR 5/1) streaked dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6), grades to........................................1 – 6 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) 

mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), grading at 11 feet 

to dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) mottled moderate yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/6) ...........................................................................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, pale olive (10Y 6/2) grading down to 

greenish gray (5G 6/1) ......................................................................................................11 – 17 

Sand, fine grading through fine to medium (20-24 feet) to medium 

to coarse, silty, soft, thixotropic, pale olive (10Y 6/2) ......................................................17 – 31 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular, contains abundant 

granules and subround to round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)......................................................................................31 – 37 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, sparsely shelly below 41 feet, 

dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) ..............................................................................................37 – 45 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, very shelly, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1)............................45 – 48 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) ...................................48 – 71 

Base of Charles City Formation: +36 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation 

67
MURFREESBORO QUADRANGLE 

MU-02-1: 1.45 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.85 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4309o

 N, longitude 77.0257o W). Surface 

elevation 42 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiff, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) and dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4)...................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dense, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) 

sparsely mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to...........................................1 – 9 

Sand, very fine to fine, micaceous, silty, clayey dark yellowish gray 

(5Y 6/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ...........................................................9 – 11 

Sand, very fine to fine with scattered grains of medium and coarse, 

silty, clayey, finely micaceous, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) mottled 

dark grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) grading in basal foot to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) .............................................................................................................11 – 25 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, sparsely micaceous, contains 1-2% very 

fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, greenish gray (5G 6/1)........................................25 – 35 

Sand, medium to coarse grading down to coarse to very coarse, 

subangular to subround, slightly silty, contains round quartz 

granules, light greenish gray (5G 7/1) ..............................................................................35 – 45 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, very shelly (including abundant 

Mulinia sp. and oysters), rare fragments of carbonized wood, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................................................45 – 58 

Gravel, crunchy drilling, a few subangular to subround quartz pebbles 

2.5-5 cm in diameter retrieved but otherwise no recovery ...............................................58 – 60 

Eastover Formation? 

Lithified bed, very hard, nearly impenetrable, went nine inches in fifteen 

minutes and made almost no recovery except for a wisp of pale yellowish 

gray (5Y 9/1) silt................................................................................................................60 – 61 

68
Base of Chuckatuck Formation: -3 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -18 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastover Formation? 

69
MU-02-2: 5.72 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.65 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, west-central 1/9ths of map area (latitude 36.4567o

 N, longitude 77.1018o W). Surface 

elevation 80 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, clayey, very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6), grades to...............................................................................................0 – 4 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6), 

grades to..............................................................................................................................4 – 8 

Sand, fine to medium, poorly sorted, subangular, medium yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) ...............................................................................................................8 – 11 

Sand, very fine to fine, very silty, slightly clayey, slightly micaceous, 

medium yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)...............................................................................11 – 22 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, medium yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading through moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) (27-32 feet) 

to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades to........................................................................22 – 33 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains scattered round quartz granules, 

very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) ............................................................................33 – 35 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, shelly below 38 feet (mostly Mulinia 

sp.), medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ................................................................................35 – 61 

Base of Windsor Formation: +45 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

70
MU-02-3: 0.81 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 4.77 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4442o

 N, longitude 77.0141o W). Surface 

elevation 51 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation (barrier sand facies) 

Sand, fine, well sorted, loose, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ..............................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine, well sorted with a minor bimodal medium fraction, 

contains about 1% very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, 

loose, bright orange (10YR 6/8) grading by 2 feet depth to pale 

orange (10YR 8/8) ...............................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, subangular to subround, light orange 

(10YR 7/6) ...........................................................................................................................6 – 7 

Chuckatuck Formation (back barrier facies) 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly micaceous, pale yellowish gray 

(10Y 7/2) grading down to pale orange (10YR 8/8) ............................................................7 – 11 

Sand, fine grading down to medium, clayey, silty, dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/2) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)..........................................................11 – 13 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dense, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) .....................................................................13 – 16 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation (barrier facies): +44 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Chuckatuck Formation (back barrier facies) 

71
MU-02-4: 5.02 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.88 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4459o

 N, longitude 77.0891o W). Surface 

elevation 18 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, dominantly fine to medium, silty, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6), grades to...........................................................................................................0 – 2 

Sand, medium to coarse, granular, silty, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled greenish gray (5GY 6/1) grading down at 

4 feet depth to light olive brown (5Y 5/4) streaked dark gray (N 3) ..................................2 – 7 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, lower half shelly, medium greenish 

gray (5G 5/1).......................................................................................................................7 – 11 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, slightly clayey, sparsely shelly, 

oyster shells concentrated on basal contact, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1) grading rapidly to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) .....................................11 – 35 

Cape Fear Formation

Sand, fine, dense, very micaceous, moderate reddish brown 

(10R 4/4) mottled light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down 

to silt, clayey, fine to medium sandy, breaks into 0.5 cm lumps, 

light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2).............................................................................................35 – 46 

Base of Windsor Formation: +11 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +7 feet elevation 

Base of Eastover Formation: -17 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

72
MU-03-5: 5.02 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.88 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4675o

 N, longitude 77.0087o W). Surface elevation 

17 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Tabb Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2), grading 

down through light grayish orange (10YR 8/4) to dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6), grades rapidly to ..................................................................................0 – 4 

Sand, fine to coarse, subround, poorly sorted, contains about 2% very 

fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, grayish orange (10YR 7.5/4) .................................4 – 7 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine, silty, clayey, light 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading down through yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2; 11-12 feet) to light greenish gray (5G 7/1), grades rapidly to ..............................7 – 13 

Sand, medium to coarse, granular, silty, thixotropic, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2), grades to.............................................................................................................13 – 17 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains abundant granules and round 

quartz pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter ...........................................................................17 – 18 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

grading rapidly at 18.5 feet to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), 

shelly below 20 feet ..........................................................................................................18 – 22 

Shell bed, dominantly oysters, silty and clayey very fine quartz 

sand matrix, tough drilling, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ...........................................22 – 24 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, sparsely shelly below 26 feet depth, 

grayish olive (10Y 4/2), grades rapidly at base to.............................................................24 – 30 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant round quartz pebbles 

up to 0.5 cm in diameter, grayish olive (10Y 4/2).............................................................30 – 31 

St. Marys Formation 

Silt, very clayey, very fine sandy, sticky, greasy, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 4/5/1), grades rapidly to...................................................................................31 – 35 

73
Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, contains abundant subround to 

round quartz pebbles up to 4 cm in diameter at base, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 4.5/1).................................................................................................35 – 36 

Aquia Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, glauconitic, contains scattered round 

quartz granules, very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1) .........................................................36 – 44 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains abundant round quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in diameter, very dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1)..............................................44 – 45 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, fine to coarse, clayey, contains abundant round quartz granules 

and small pebbles up to 0.5 cm in diameter, greenish gray (5G 6/1) ...............................45 – 51 

Base of Tabb Formation: -1 foot elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -7 feet elevation 

Base of Eastover Formation: -14 feet elevation 

Base of St. Marys Formation: -19 feet elevation 

Base of Aquia Formation: -28 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

74
MU-03-6: 0.10 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 2.60 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4132o

 N, longitude 77.0013o W). Surface elevation 

27 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Shirley Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, very pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 7/4) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................0 – 1 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, stiff, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6; 1-6 feet) grading 

down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).........................................................................................1 – 9 

Sand, fine to very fine, silty, not clayey, soft, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2)................................................................................................................................9 – 11 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) .............................................................................................................11 – 14 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2)..............................................................................................................................14 – 15 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, to sand, very fine, silty and clayey, 

finely micaceous, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).........................................................15 – 26 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, to sand, very fine, silty and clayey, 

finely micaceous, shelly, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .............................................26 – 28 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, to sand, very fine, silty and clayey, 

finely micaceous, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).........................................................28 – 39 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, to sand, very fine, silty and clayey, 

finely micaceous, shelly, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .............................................39 – 42 

Sand, medium to coarse, clayey and silty, worn shell fragments 

abundant, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) grading rapidly down to 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)......................................................................................42 – 46 

Eastover Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very shelly, olive (10Y 5.5/2)...............................................46 – 48 

Sand, medium to coarse, dense, silty, very shelly, grayish olive 

(10Y 4/2)............................................................................................................................48 – 51 

75
Base of Shirley Formation: +16 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -19 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastover Formation 

76
NORFLEET QUADRANGLE 

NF-03-1: 1.92 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.39 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2032o

 N, longitude 77.2838o W). Surface 

elevation 87 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty and clayey, stiff, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish brown (10YR 5/2), dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/6), and dusky yellow (5Y 6/4)....................................................................0 – 8 

Sand, fine, silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)..............................................................8 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium with scattered coarse grains present, silty, 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/8).............................................................................................11 – 17 

Sand, medium to coarse, scattered pebbles of quartz and clay to 

1 cm diameter present, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

by 20 feet to moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) ........................................................17 – 23 

Sand, fine to medium, silty and clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) .....................................23 – 24 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) ........................................................24 – 25 

Sand, fine to medium, silty and clayey, dark yellowish orange 

(5Y 7/2)..............................................................................................................................25 – 26 

Sand, fine, silty, soft, thixotropic, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)..............................26 – 31 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, stiff and dense, pale olive (5Y 6/2)..................................31 – 31.5 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium, silty, soft, dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)..........................................................................................31.5 – 39 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) streaked dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down in basal foot to medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) ......................................................................................................39 – 43 

Sand, fine to very fine, well sorted, clean, contains tiny rip-up clay 

clasts, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grading down to sand, very fine 

to fine, silty, clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) mottled dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)...............................................43 – 51 

77
Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, contains 

round quartz granules near base, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading 

down through moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) to light olive 

brown (5Y 5/4; 63-65 feet depth)......................................................................................51 – 65 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, shelly, light reddish brown (10R 5/6) 

in top 4 inches, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) below that...........................................65 – 70 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, shelly, grayish olive (10Y 4/2)...........................................70 – 80 

Sand, fine to medium, shelly, contains clayballs to 1 cm diameter 

of underlying lithology, grayish olive (10Y 4/2)...............................................................80 – 81 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, clayey and silty, micaceous, dense, stiff, pale 

olive gray (5Y 7/1) grading down to olive brown (5Y 4/4) mottled pale 

olive gray (5Y 7/1) and moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6)..............................................81 – 86 

Base of Windsor Formation: +48 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +22 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation: +6 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

78
NF-03-2: 6.20 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.54 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, west-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1764o

 N, longitude 77.3602o W). Surface 

elevation 42 feet.

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Older Alluvium 

Sand, fine, well sorted, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) .................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine grading down to very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) grading through dark olive brown (5Y 3/4) 

and through dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) to brownish gray (5YR 4/1)......................................1 – 7 

Sand, fine rapidly grading down to coarse to very coarse, contains 

abundant subround to round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, 

light greenish gray (5GY 7/1)..............................................................................................7 – 11 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, sparsely pebbly, loose, yellowish brown 

(10YR 5/2) flecked with orange (10YR 6/8)......................................................................11 – 21 

Sand, very fine to coarse, very poorly sorted, silty, clayey, stiff, 

moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottled dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) .........................................................................................................................21 – 22 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, very fine, contains scattered fine to medium grains, silty, 

clayey, stiff, dense, medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) mottled reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) grading down to brownish gray (5YR 4/1) mottled 

reddish brown (10R 5/6) ...................................................................................................22 – 26 

Base of older alluvium: +20 feet elevation 

 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

79
NF-03-3: 6.63 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.79 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2234o

 N, longitude 77.3680o W). Surface elevation 

35 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Alluvium 

Sand, fine, well sorted, dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1) .......................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, slightly micaceous, 

medium brown (5YR 4/6) grading down to dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/4) ...........................................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains round quartz pebbles up to 2 cm 

in diameter, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) ...................................................................6 – 9 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, very micaceous, very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 4/6), grades to...............................................................................................9 – 11 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm 

in diameter, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4)...................................................................................11 – 14 

Cape Fear Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, micaceous, very dense, tough drilling, 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).....................................................................................................14 – 16 

Base of alluvium: +21 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

80
PALMYRA QUADRANGLE 

PA-02-1: 2.11 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.52 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0947o

 N, longitude 77.2715o W). Surface elevation 

27 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Older Alluvium 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dark orange 

(10YR 3/6), grades rapidly to ..............................................................................................0 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, contains scattered coarse grains, silty, dark 

grayish orange (10YR 5/6), grading down to medium to coarse, 

contains quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6) ...........................................................................................................................6 – 14 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, much denser than above, light yellowish 

gray (5Y 8/2) grading through grayish orange (10YR 7/4) to orange 

(10YR 4/6), grades to.........................................................................................................14 – 15 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, greenish gray (5G 6/1).....................................................15 – 22 

Sand, very fine to fine, contains scattered medium and coarse 

grains, silty, clayey, dense, stiff, greenish gray (5GY 6/1) grading 

through greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled dusky orange (10YR 2/6; 

25-28 feet) to olive (10Y 5/2)............................................................................................22 – 36 

Base of older alluvium: +13 feet elevation 

 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

81
PA-02-2: 1.12 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.50 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0218o

 N, longitude 77.2699o W). Surface elevation 

81 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, dominantly fine but very fine to medium, silty, clayey, pale 

yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading down to grayish orange (10YR 7/4).........................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to coarse, poorly sorted, coarse fraction subangular, 

dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2), grades rapidly to..................................................................1 – 7 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dense, tough, dark yellowish gray 

(5Y 6/2) streaked orange (10YR 4/6)...................................................................................7 – 11 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, soft, sharp basal contact, dark grayish 

orange (10YR 6/4) .............................................................................................................11 – 19 

Sand, very fine, silty, interbedded with silt, clayey, very fine sandy, 

finely micaceous, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).........................................................19 – 37 

Sand, fine, subround, silty, grading down through medium to coarse, 

round quartz pebbles present at base up to 3 cm in diameter, soft, 

olive (10Y 5/2)...................................................................................................................37 – 47 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, interbedded with sand, very fine to fine, silty, 

clayey, locally shelly (mostly Mulinia sp.), medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1)...........................................................................................................................47 – 75 

Shell bed with diverse fauna, silty fine sand matrix, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................75 – 76 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly silty, clayey, very dense, contains 

scattered small round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1) ............................................................................................................76 – 81 

Base of Windsor Formation: +34 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +5 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

82
PA-02-3: 6.32 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.54 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0951o

 N, longitude 77.3626o W). Surface elevation 

95 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, finely micaceous, dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) 

mottled dark orange (10YR 3/6)..........................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, clayey, 

coarsely micaceous, moderate orange (10YR 5/6) ..............................................................6 – 11 

Sand, very fine to coarse, very poorly sorted, silty, clayey, moderate 

orange (10YR 5/6) .............................................................................................................11 – 19 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) .......................................19 – 25 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, micaceous, interbedded with silt, very 

fine to fine sandy, micaceous, plant fragments present at base, 

moderate grayish green (10GY 6/2) ..................................................................................25 – 28 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, moderate orange (10YR 5/6) 

changing at 28.5 feet to light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2)......................................................28 – 31 

Sand, fine to coarse, very poorly sorted, silty, contains rare subangular 

to subround quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, moderate olive gray 

(5Y 5/1), grades to.............................................................................................................31 – 40 

Sand, fine, silty, olive (10Y 5/2) .......................................................................................40 – 65 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1), four inches thick......................................................at 65 

Sand, fine, well sorted, sparsely shelly, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) .....................................65 – 79 

Sand, fine to medium, contains abundant quartz granules and pebbles 

up to 1 cm in diameter, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1)...............................................................79 – 80 

Peat, woody, brownish black (5YR 2/1), four inches thick................................................ at 80 

83
Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, angular to subangular, sparsely micaceous, 

dense, light olive gray (5Y 6/1).........................................................................................80 – 86 

Base of Windsor Formation: +30 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +15 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

84
PA-02-4: 6.14 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.83 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0270o

 N, longitude 77.3590o W). Surface elevation 

88 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, fine, silty, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2) grading down 

to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to..................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, micaceous, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6), grades to...............................................................................................1 – 5 

Sand, fine, silty, contains about 1% very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains, softer than above, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading 

down at 8 feet to dark orange (10YR 3/6) ...........................................................................5 – 21 

Sand, fine, well sorted interbedded with sporadic layers of tough, 

silty and clayey very fine sand, dark greenish gray (5GY 5/1), 

grades to............................................................................................................................21 – 33 

Sand, fine to medium, contains abundant round quartz pebbles, 

dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)............................................................................................33 – 34 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, contains sand-filled burrows in 

uppermost foot, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), grades to...........................................34 – 37 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, shelly with pectenid fragments and 

abundant Mulinia sp. (some with pearly luster), medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1), grades to..................................................................................................37 – 62 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), 

grades to............................................................................................................................62 – 69 

Sand, fine to medium, contains abundant round quartz pebbles up 

to 4 cm in diameter and pyrite-cemented clumps of sand, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................................................69 – 70 

Peat, woody, brownish black (5YR 2/1), one inch thick .....................................................at 70 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, dominantly fine, silty, slightly clayey, very dense, very tough, 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), grading down to sand, very fine to 

fine, silty, clayey, light olive gray (5Y 6/1).......................................................................70 – 76 

85
Base of Windsor Formation: +54 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +18 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

86
REPUBLICAN QUADRANGLE 

RE-02-1: 2.00 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.09 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1032o

 N, longitude 77.0355o W). Surface elevation 

45 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, humic, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2), 

grades rapidly to..................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, contains about 1% very fine to fine dark 

heavy mineral grains near base, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4), grades to ......................1 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, sticky, more dense than above, dark 

grayish orange (10YR 6/4) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)...............................................6 – 11 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, finely micaceous, medium olive gray (5Y 5/1) 

grading at around 26 feet to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)...........................................11 – 36 

Sand, very fine grading down to fine, silty, contains about 1% very fine to 

fine dark heavy mineral grains, moderate grayish green (10G 5/2) .................................36 – 50 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, interbedded with sand, very fine, silty, clayey, 

sparsely shelly (mostly Mulinia sp.), medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) ..........................50 – 68 

Sand, fine, shelly (including pectenids and Mulinia sp.), medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................68 – 79 

Gravel, very hard drilling, no recovery.............................................................................79 – 82 

Jericho Run Formation 

Sand, dominantly fine to medium but with minor fraction of subround and 

round coarse to very coarse grains, silty, contains sparse shell fragments 

and fine silvery mica, dark olive gray (5Y 3/1).................................................................82 – 91 

Base of Charles City Formation: +34 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -37 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Jericho Run Formation 

87
RE-02-2: 0.68 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 7.08 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1029o

 N, longitude 77.0121o W). Surface elevation 

68 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, fine, silty, slightly clayey, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) 

mottled pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading through dark 

orange (10YR 3/6) (1-4 feet) to pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2).............................................0 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark orange (10YR 3/6) 

mottled pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2), grades rapidly to .....................................................6 – 26 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, soft, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

sparsely mottled dark orange (10YR 3/6) grading down about 

26 feet to moderate yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).............................................................26 – 29 

Sand, fine to medium coarsening downward to coarse to very 

coarse, contains sparse subround quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in 

diameter, light olive gray (5Y 6/1) ....................................................................................29 – 36 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, fine, slightly micaceous, shelly in basal foot, moderate 

greenish gray (5G 7/1) grading down by 38 feet to dark olive 

gray (5Y 3/1) .....................................................................................................................36 – 41 

Base of Charles City Formation: +32 feet elevation 

 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

88
RE-02-3: 1.56 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.08 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0155o

 N, longitude 77.0273o W). Surface elevation 

38 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, very pale yellowish brown (10YR 7/2) grading down at 

one foot to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades rapidly to .......................................0 – 5 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, loose, pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4), grades to...........................................................................................................5 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, contains sparse very fine to fine dark 

heavy mineral grains, medium grayish orange (10YR 7/6) grading 

down to pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) .................................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium grading through medium to coarse to coarse to 

very coarse, contains abundant subround to round quartz pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter near base, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading 

down to moderate greenish gray (5GY 7/1) ......................................................................11 – 27 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, interbedded with silt, clayey, very fine 

sandy, finely micaceous, sparse shell fragments scattered throughout, 

dark greenish gray (5G 4/1) ..............................................................................................27 – 82 

Gravel, round quartz granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, 

fine to medium sand matrix, dark greenish gray (5G 4/1)................................................82 – 85 

Jericho Run Formation 

Sand, fine to coarse, subround, poorly sorted, silty, contains abundant 

glauconite and phosphate, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1) grading down 

to dusky greenish gray (5GY 3/1) .................................................................................... 85 – 101 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +11 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -47 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Jericho Run Formation 

89
RE-02-4: 0.23 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 2.57 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0369o

 N, longitude 77.0042o W). Surface elevation 

59 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading 

down to grayish orange (10YR 7/4) ....................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4).............................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, fine grading down to very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, pale 

olive gray (5Y 7/1) mottled moderate reddish brown (10YR 4/6).......................................6 – 11 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)..........................11 – 16 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, thixotropic, grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) .........................................................................................................................16 – 29 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) .............................................29 – 30 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading 

down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).......................................................................30 – 33 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, shell fragments present 

below 41 feet, very dark greenish gray (5G 3/1) .............................................................33 – 46 

Base of Charles City Formation: +29 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

90
RE-02-5: 6.19 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.76 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0979o

 N, longitude 77.1082o W). Surface elevation 

54 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4).......................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, micaceous, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

mottled moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6), grades rapidly to ...........................................1 – 7 

Sand, fine, silty, well sorted, thixotropic, light olive gray (5Y 5/2) grading 

down to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4).............................................................................7 – 11 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, silty, dark 

grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ................................................................................................11 – 19 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, finely micaceous, dusky greenish gray (5G 3/1)...............19 – 22 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, contains sparse shell fragments, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................................................22 – 39 

Shell bed, silty fine sand matrix, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1).................................39 – 40 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, sparsely shelly, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................40 – 81 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, sparsely shelly, medium greenish 

gray (5GY 5/1)...................................................................................................................81 – 84 

Cape Fear Formation? 

Refusal on impenetrable hard bed, wisps of pale brown (5YR 5/2) to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) clayey medium to very coarse sand 

came up on end of drill stem...............................................................................................at 84 

Base of Charles City Formation: +35 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -30 feet elevation 

Bottomed on Cape Fear Formation? 

91
RE-02-6: 5.93 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.35 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0051o

 N, longitude 77.1052o W). Surface elevation 

43 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) 

grading down to moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) ....................................................0 – 1 

Sand, dominantly fine but up to medium, silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ...........................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, silty, thixotropic, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) in basal foot.........................6 – 26 

Charles City Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, greenish gray (5G 6/1).......................................................26 – 27 

Sand, dominantly fine but up to medium grading down to dominantly 

medium but fine to coarse, carbon grains abundant, moderate greenish 

gray (5GY 7/1)...................................................................................................................27 – 36 

Sand, medium to coarse grading down to coarse to very coarse, scattered 

quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter near base, white grains (kaolin? or 

gibbsite?) abundant, moderate greenish gray (5GY 7/1)...................................................36 – 59 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, finely micaceous, dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1), basal foot contains abundant subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter ...........................................................................................9 – 69 

Jericho Run Formation

Sand, fine, includes scattered medium and coarse grains, silty, 

slightly clayey, slightly micaceous, dark greenish gray (5GY 3/1)...................................69 – 81 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +17 feet elevation 

Base of Charles City Formation: -16 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -26 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Jericho Run Formation 

92
RICH SQUARE QUADRANGLE

RS-02-1: 6.46 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.55 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3595o

 N, longitude 77.3650o W). Surface elevation 

88 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, dense, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

mottled pale olive gray (5Y 6/2)..........................................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, dense, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down 

to light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2), grades to..........................................................................1 – 9 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, slightly micaceous, yellowish orange 

(10YR 7/6), grades to...........................................................................................................9 – 13 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, loose, thixotropic, 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).....................................................................................13 – 21 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, contains scattered round quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 

grading down by 29 feet to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4).............................................21 – 38 

Gravel, subround quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, coarse to 

very coarse sand matrix, pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4).................................................38 – 39 

Chowan River Formation 

Silt, clayey, finely micaceous, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) 

mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/6) and greenish gray (5G 6/1) ................................39 – 41 

Silt, clayey, finely, micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)......................................41 – 42 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)..........................................42 – 56 

Sand, medium to coarse, clean, interbedded with lenses of gravel, 

subround to round quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, dark grayish 

yellow (5Y 7/4)..................................................................................................................56 – 99 

Clubhouse Formation 

Clay, silty, finely micaceous, very dense, light olive gray (5Y 5/2) 

streaked dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ..................................................................... 99 – 100 

Refusal, hit impenetrable hard bed .....................................................................................at 100 

93
Base of Windsor Formation: +49 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: -11 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

94
RS-02-2: 1.65 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.54 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3594o

 N, longitude 77.2796o W). Surface elevation 

83 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, slightly clayey, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to.........................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1), grades to ...........................1 – 6 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, micaceous, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) 

mottled moderate orange (10YR 5/6), grades rapidly to .....................................................6 – 12 

Sand, dominantly fine with a minor medium fraction, medium 

fraction subangular to subround, silty, soft, moderate grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) .........................................................................................................................12 – 17 

Silt, clayey, stiff, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), about 1 inch thick...............................at 17 

Sand, dominantly fine with a minor medium fraction, medium fraction 

subangular to subround, silty, soft, moderate grayish orange (10YR 8/4) ........................17 – 21 

Silt, clayey, denser than sand above, finely micaceous, light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1) grading around 25 feet to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), 

grades to............................................................................................................................21 – 31 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, medium greenish gray 

(5G 5/1) grading down to light olive gray (5Y 5/2) ..........................................................31 – 41 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, dense, sticky, light olive gray (5Y 5/2), 

grades to............................................................................................................................41 – 52 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, soft, contains 2-5% very fine to fine 

dark heavy mineral grains, light olive gray (5Y 5/2) ........................................................52 – 57 

Gravel, subround to round quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter...................................57 – 61 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)? 

Silty clay wisps in basal gravel, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...................................at 61 

Base of Windsor Formation: +22 feet elevation 

Bottomed on Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)? 

95
RS-03-3: 4.91 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.57 mile north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2583o

 N, longitude 77.3375o W). Surface elevation 

60 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, stiff, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) mottled dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) ...............................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) mottled dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) ...............................................................................................1 – 2 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading down 

to light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ..........................................................................................2 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium, grayish orange (10YR 7/4), grades to .............................................6 – 10 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant subround to round quartz 

pebbles increasing downward in diameter from 1 cm at top to 2 cm near 

base, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading to light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2).......................10 – 25 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, contains abundant subround to round quartz 

pebbles up to 4 cm in diameter, dark yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) grading 

down to olive brown (5Y 3/4) ...........................................................................................25 – 30 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in diameter on basal contact, silty, sparsely shelly, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................................................30 – 38 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dense, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1), 

grades rapidly to................................................................................................................38 – 41 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dense, moderate reddish brown 

(10R 4/6) mottled dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2), grades rapidly to ..................................41 – 44 

Sand, medium to coarse, dark yellowish gray (5Y 6/2), grades to....................................44 – 45 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dense, moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6)...............45 – 46 

96
Base of Charles City Formation: +30 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +22 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

97
RS-03-4: 0.99 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 1.33 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2695o

 N, longitude 77.2675o W). Surface elevation 

73 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, stiff, pale brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading down to pale olive (10Y 6/2) mottled dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)...............................................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, stiff, dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 4/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading rapidly 

through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) mottled yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2; 2-2.5 feet) to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) and moderate grayish brown (5YR 4/2) ................................................1 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine with scattered medium grains, silty, clayey, 

micaceous, dark yellowish orange mottled light greenish gray 

(5GY 7/1) grading through light greenish gray (5GY 7/1) mottled 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) (11-20 feet) to light olive gray (5Y 5/2).......................6 – 23 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, micaceous, loose, 

thixotropic, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4), grades to...................................................................23 – 28 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, loose, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) 

grading at 29 feet to pale olive gray (5Y 7/1)....................................................................28 – 45 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, loose, silty, contains quartz granules and 

pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) .................................................45 – 50 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ........................................50 – 51 

Sand, medium to very coarse, loose, silty, contains abundant quartz 

granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) ............................51 – 59 

Sand, fine to medium, contains sparse quartz granules and pebbles up 

to 0.5 cm in diameter, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1)........................................................59 – 62 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains very abundant subround to round quartz 

granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, light greenish gray (5GY 7/1)...................62 – 65 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, clayey, silty, micaceous, dense, sticky, dark greenish gray 

(5GY 4/1)...........................................................................................................................65 – 71 

98
Base of Charles City Formation: +8 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

99
RS-03-5: 2.25 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.04 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3231o

 N, longitude 77.2899o W). Surface 

elevation 69 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, sticky, pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading very rapidly to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ......................................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine grading down to very fine to fine, silty, clayey, 

yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) grading through light yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) mottled yellowish orange (10YR 7/6; 2-4 feet) to moderate 

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) ...............................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) ...............................................................................................................6 – 10 

Sand, very fine to fine, clean, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4).......................................................10 – 12 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, subangular, 

silty, soft, thixotropic, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading rapidly 

down to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) .......................................................................12 – 20 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ......................................................20 – 21 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, 

slightly micaceous, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), grades to ....................................................21 – 25 

Sand, medium to coarse grading down to coarse to very coarse, 

gravelly with round quartz clasts ranging up to 4 cm in diameter 

near top and increasing to 6 cm in diameter toward base, yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2) .....................................................................................................................25 – 41 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) 

grading down to dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1).................................................................41 – 51 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, dark 

greenish gray (5GY 4/1)....................................................................................................51 – 63 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, very micaceous, silty, clayey, much denser 

than above, greenish gray (5G 6/1) grading down to light greenish 

gray (5G 7/1).....................................................................................................................63 – 66 

100
Base of Charles City Formation: +28 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +6 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

101
RINGWOOD QUADRANGLE 

RI-03-1: 1.03 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.64 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1780o

 N, longitude 77.7689o W). Surface 

elevation 122 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, slightly clayey, dark grayish 

orange (10YR 6/4) ...............................................................................................................0 – 7 

Sand, dominantly medium, fine to coarse, silty, contains about 1% 

very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, yellowish gray (5Y 7/1).................................7 – 11 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dense, yellowish gray (5Y 7/1)...................................11 – 15 

Sand, loose, fine with scattered subround to round medium and 

coarse grains, silty, thixotropic, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .................................15 – 19 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, shelly below 21 feet, top six inches 

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and then rapidly grades to medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) ......................................................................................................19 – 25 

Sand, very fine to fine, contains shell fragments and sparse quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)....................................25 – 25.5 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, derived from banded granite gneiss, contains angular 

medium quartz grains and abundant kaolinite feldspar ghosts, 

light greenish gray (5G 7/1)...........................................................................................25.5 – 26 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +103 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +96 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

102
RI-03-2: 2.67 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.09 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1699o

 N, longitude 77.7972o W). Surface elevation 162 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very clayey, massive, dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) intermingled with dark reddish brown (10R 5/6) .................................0 – 1 

Sand, medium to coarse, subround, silty, dense, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and dark reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) ..................................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subround, silty, dense, contains subangular 

to subround quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) ...............................................................................................................6 – 11 

Silt, very clayey, very fine sandy, dense, stiff, moderate reddish 

brown (10R 4/6) streaked dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading through pale olive gray (5Y 6/2) 

and medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1), grades to..............................................................11 – 20 

Silt, very clayey, very fine sandy, dense, stiff, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) grading in basal foot to light olive brown (5Y 5/4), 

sparse 1 cm long quartz discoids along basal contact.......................................................20 – 24 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, probably from biotite gneiss, foliation locally obvious, 

medium dark gray (N 4) blotched light olive brown (5Y 5/4)...........................................24 – 31 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +138 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

103
ROANOKE RAPIDS QUADRANGLE 

RR-03-1: 3.82 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.00 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4330o

 N, longitude 77.6949o W). Surface elevation 200 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, fine to medium with minor round coarse to very coarse grains, 

silty, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) grading through pale orange 

(10YR 7/2) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/2), grades to ................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium with minor round coarse to very coarse grains, 

contains round quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, silty, dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading down to reddish brown (10R 5/6), 

grades to..............................................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, fine to medium with minor round coarse to very coarse grains, 

contains abundant round quartz pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter, reddish 

brown (10R 5/6) mottled yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)......................................................6 – 10 

Sand, medium to coarse, better sorted than above, reddish brown 

(10R 5/6) grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) .................................................10 – 19 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, silt, clayey, micaceous, contains scattered angular 

quartz grains, fragments of quartz veins present at 28-30 feet, 

reddish brown (10R 5/6), grades to...................................................................................19 – 30 

Saprolite, crystalline fabric visible as quartz/kaolin/clay bleb 

pattern, moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) streaked grayish black 

(N 2) and dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ........................................................................30 – 31 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +181 feet elevation 

 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

104
RR-03-2: 2.03 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 3.31 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4229o

 N, longitude 77.6609o W). Surface 

elevation 137 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill ..............................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, very fine grading down to very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/2) grading down at 0.5 foot to light olive 

gray (5Y 6/1) mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) ........................................................1 – 6 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, light greenish gray (5G 7/1) 

grading through dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6; 7-9 feet) to 

moderate yellowish gray (5Y 7/1).......................................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, soft, dark grayish 

orange (10YR 6/4) .............................................................................................................11 – 19 

Chowan River Formation 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, interbedded with silty very fine sand, 

clayey, finely micaceous, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)............................................19 – 20 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, interbedded with silty very fine sand, 

clayey, finely micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ..............................................20 – 22 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, contains about 1-2% very fine to fine 

dark heavy mineral grains, micaceous, pale olive gray (5Y 6/2) mottled 

dark orange (10YR 6/8) .....................................................................................................22 – 28 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, contains round quartz pebbles up to 

5 cm in diameter, pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading down to 

very pale orange (10YR 8/2), artesian flow observed .......................................................28 – 31 

Gravel, round quartz pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter, coarse to 

very coarse sand matrix, light olive brown (10Y 5/4), tough drilling...............................31 – 34 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, silt and clay, moderate olive brown (5Y 4/6) grading 

down at 35 feet to dark olive brown (5Y 3/4), grades to...................................................34 – 37 

Saprolite, granite gneiss pattern of coarse to very coarse angular 

quartz, kaolin feldspar ghosts, and mica, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1)...........................................................................................................................37 – 41 

105
Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +118 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +103 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

106
RR-03-3: 0.88 mile west of the east quadrangle border, 2.05 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4046o

 N, longitude 77.6407o W). Surface elevation 

147 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to coarse, subround, silty, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) 

grading down to grayish orange (10YR 7/4) .......................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to coarse, subround, silty, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down to reddish brown (10R 5/6)........................................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subround, silty, reddish brown (10R 5/6) ...................................6 – 31 

Silt, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ............................................................................................ 31 – 31.5 

Sand, fine to medium, contains scattered grains of coarse sand and 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter, silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)...........................31.5 – 46 

Gravel, quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter, medium to coarse 

sand matrix, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ................................................................................46 – 51 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, stringer of clayey silt with angular quartz grains on end 

of drill stem, medium brown (5YR 4/4) intermingled with dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).............................................................................................. at 51 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +96 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

107
SCOTLAND NECK QUADRANGLE 

SC-03-1: 3.43 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.29 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1874o

 N, longitude 77.4360o W). Surface elevation 109 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ........................................................0 – 1 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).......................................................................................1 – 7 

Sand, very fine grading down to fine, well sorted, silty, dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/8)...............................................................................................7 – 11 

Sand, very fine to coarse, very poorly sorted, silty, clayey, 

contains scattered subangular to subround quartz granules, 

dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4), grades to........................................................................11 – 19 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, contains scattered subangular 

to subround quartz granules, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) 

grading through moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4; 24-27 

feet) to light grayish orange (10YR 8/6)............................................................................19 – 30 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, clean, contains round quartz 

granules and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter at top and 

increasing in size up to 3 cm by base, pale grayish orange 

(10YR 9/4) grading down to light grayish orange (10YR 8/4) ..........................................30 – 40 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiffer than above, three inchthick cap of yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) streaked dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 6/6) overlies medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1), 

grades to............................................................................................................................40 – 51 

Sand, very fine grading through fine down to fine to medium, 

silty, clayey in some intervals, shelly, medium greenish gray 

(5GY 5/1)...........................................................................................................................51 – 76 

Sand, very fine, clayey and silty, denser and stiffer than above, 

contains scattered medium and coarse grains, round quartz and 

phosphate pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter abundant at base, 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ........................................................................................76 – 77 

108
Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, very fine to coarse, modally fine, very poorly sorted, silty, 

slightly clayey, very dense, tough, contains subround to round 

granule-size clayballs, pale brownish gray (5YR 7/1) mottled 

moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) in basal foot.....................................................................77 – 81 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +69 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +32 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

109
SC-03-2: 4.27 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.59 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1915o

 N, longitude 77.4511o W). Surface elevation 134 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Moorings Member 

Sand, fine, well sorted, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading down 

to light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ..........................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6)........................................1 – 9 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) mottled moderate yellowish brown (10YR 7/6) ....................................................9 – 11 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Moorings Member): +125 feet elevation 

 

Bottomed in Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member) 

110
SC-03-3: 4.27 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.59 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1647o

 N, longitude 77.3757o W). Surface elevation 

58 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, slightly clayey, pale yellowish brown 

(10YR 6/2) grading down through yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) to 

light olive gray (5Y 5/2) ......................................................................................................0 – 2 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, greenish gray (5GY 6/1) mottled 

light brown (5YR 5/6) grading down to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) in basal foot ......................................................................................................2 – 6 

Sand, fine, silty, contains about 1% very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading through dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4) to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).................................................................6 – 11 

Sand, fine, silty, contains about 1% very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains, grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading at 14 feet to 

dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4), grades down to..............................................................11 – 16 

Sand, fine to medium, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grades 

down to..............................................................................................................................16 – 21 

Sand, medium, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades down to .........................................21 – 27 

Sand, fine, slightly silty, slightly micaceous, thixotropic, yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) grading down through grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) 

(30-33 feet) and through moderate brown (5YR 3/4; 33-34 feet) to 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/8).....................................................................................27 – 36 

Bottomed in Chuckatuck Formation 

111
UNION QUADRANGLE 

UN-03-1: 1.42 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 8.19 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3687o

 N, longitude 77.0254o W). Surface elevation 

30 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill, sand and gravel ...................................................................................................0 – 1 

Shirley Formation

Sand, fine to medium, clean, contains very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) mottled and streaked 

grayish orange (10YR 7/4) grading down to pale grayish orange 

(10YR 8/4) in basal foot ......................................................................................................1 – 7 

Gravel, round quartz pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter, pale grayish 

orange (10YR 8/4) ...............................................................................................................7 – 8 

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, fine to medium, interbedded with sand, very fine to fine, 

clayey, silty, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades to.........................................................8 – 12 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) ...........................................12 – 13 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2)

Silt, very fine sandy, moderate brown (5YR 4/6)..............................................................13 – 14 

Silt, very fine sandy interbedded with sand, very fine, silty, shelly 

(mostly Mulinia sp., some with luster), medium greenish gray (5G 5/1).........................14 – 35 

Sand, fine to coarse, modally medium, poorly sorted, shelly with 

numerous blackened fragments of oysters and Chesapecten sp., 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ........................................................................................35 – 40 

Indeterminate Formation

Spun on hard bed for 20 minutes, no recovery ...................................................................at 40 

Base of Shirley Formation: +22 feet elevation 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: +17 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -10 feet elevation 

 

Bottomed on Cape Fear Formation? 

112
UN-03-2: 5.56 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.92 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3632o N, longitude 77.0993o W). Surface elevation 

58 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Silt, very fine sandy, slightly clayey, light grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .........................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and moderate brown (10YR 4/6) grading 

down at 6 feet to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2) .......................................................................................................................1 – 14 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

down to light brown (10YR 5/6)........................................................................................14 – 17 

Sand, medium to coarse with scattered round very coarse grains, 

somewhat thixotropic, dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) grading at 20 feet to 

light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2).............................................................................................17 – 32 

Sand, fine to medium, very silty, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4)...................................32 – 33 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) 

grading rapidly to yellowish orange (10YR 6.5/6)............................................................33 – 36 

Sand, medium to coarse, loose, contains round quartz granules near 

base, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ...................................................................................36 – 39 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) 

mottled moderate brown (5YR 3/4), changes abruptly to ................................................ 39 – 39.5 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, interbedded with silt, clayey, very fine 

sandy, contains very fine mica flakes, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1)............................39.5 – 63 

Sand, fine to medium with scattered coarse grains, sparse round quartz 

pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter at base, dark greenish gray (5GY 4/1).............................63 – 65 

Indeterminate Formation 

Impenetrable hard bed, no recovery....................................................................................at 65 

113
Base of Charles City Formation: +19 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -7 feet elevation 

Bottomed on Cape Fear Formation? 

114
UN-03-3: 1.38 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 2.21 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2820o

 N, longitude 77.0244o W). Surface elevation 

63 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ...............................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) 

grading through dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6; 2-3 feet) and 

through light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2; 3-5 feet) to pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 6/2)................................................................................................................1 – 7 

Sand, very fine grading down to fine, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down at 9 feet to light yellowish gray 

(5Y 8/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ...........................................................7 – 11 

Sand, fine, well sorted, slightly silty, contains less than 1% very 

fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, slightly micaceous, pale 

grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading down at 23 feet to yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6), grades to.............................................................................................11 – 29 

Sand, medium grading down to medium to coarse, silty, contains 

sparse round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, yellowish 

orange (10YR 7/6) .............................................................................................................29 – 35 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, grading down to silt, clayey, very fine 

sandy, dark yellowish orange (10YR 5.5/6) in top four inches then 

goes to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)............................................................................35 – 44 

Sand, fine to medium, very silty, soft, pale olive (10Y 6/2) .............................................44 – 56 

Sand, fine, micaceous, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)...................................................56 – 58 

Sand, dominantly very fine but very fine to coarse, silty, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................................................58 – 60 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, finely micaceous, medium olive gray 

(5Y 5/1)..............................................................................................................................60 – 65 

Wood chunk, not carbonized, xylem fairly tough and fibrous, dark 

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) ...............................................................................................at 65 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, finely micaceous, dark olive gray 

(5Y 3/1) grading down to medium greenish gray (5G 5/1)...............................................65 – 72 

115
Sand, fine to very fine, very silty, soft, dark olive gray (5Y 3/1)......................................72 – 73 

Silt, very fine sandy, soft, dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) ..........................................................73 – 75 

Sand, fine to very fine, very silty, soft, dark olive gray (5Y 3/1)......................................75 – 76 

Silt, very fine sandy, slightly clayey, micaceous, medium greenish 

gray (5G 5/1), sparse shells present ..................................................................................76 – 80 

Sand, fine, silty, greenish gray (5G 6/1) ...........................................................................80 – 84 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................................84 – 86 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium with 

scattered coarse and very coarse grains, very silty, soft, subangular 

to subround quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter abundant at base, 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) grading through pale olive (10Y 6/2; 

89 - 91 feet) to dark olive gray (5Y 3/2)............................................................................86 – 92 

Jericho Run Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, much denser than 

above, round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter abundant in 

basal foot, dark olive gray (5Y 2/2)...................................................................................92 – 95 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to fine to very fine, silty, 

slightly clayey, finely micaceous, dense, pale olive gray (5Y 6/2)................................. 95 – 101 

Base of Charles City Formation: +28 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: -29 feet elevation 

Base of Jericho Run Formation: -32 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

116
UN-03-4: 5.87 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.85 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2769o

 N, longitude 77.1048o W). Surface elevation 

40 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Berm fill, packed sand, silt, and clay..................................................................................0 – 5 

Alluvium 

Sand, very fine to fine, well sorted, clean, pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)....................5 – 6 

Sand, medium, soft, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/1) grading down to light 

olive gray (5Y 6/1) ..............................................................................................................6 – 20 

Sand, medium to coarse, slightly silty, granular, loose, light olive gray 

(5Y 6/1)..............................................................................................................................20 – 24 

Charles City Formation 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse in basal foot, 

slightly micaceous, pale olive gray (5Y 7/1) grading down to dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4)..................................................................................................................24 – 31 

Chowan River Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, sticky, wood fragments abundant (roots?), 

top three inches dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/8) then goes abruptly 

to greenish gray (5G 6/1) and then grades down to olive gray (5Y 4/1)...........................31 – 38 

Sand, very fine to medium, very silty, soft, light olive gray (5Y 5/2) 

grading down at 40 feet to medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)...........................................38 – 47 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, sticky, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)............................47 – 49 

Sand, very fine to medium grading to fine to medium, very silty, soft, 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) grading down to greenish gray (5GY 6/1) ...................49 – 56 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, sparse round quartz pebbles coarsen 

downward from 1 cm in diameter to 3 cm in diameter toward the base, 

greenish gray (5GY 6/1)....................................................................................................56 – 63 

Cape Fear Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dense, light olive gray (5Y 5/2) 

with mottles of moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) in basal foot ...........................................63 – 66 

117
Base of alluvium: +16 feet elevation 

Base of Charles City Formation: +9 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: -23 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

118
WELDON QUADRANGLE 

WE-02-1: 1.99 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.80 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, east-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4447o

 N, longitude 77.5335o W). Surface 

elevation 114 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Road fill ..............................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains abundant round quartz pebbles 

up to 3 cm in diameter, micaceous, dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1)....................................1 – 4 

Sand, medium to very coarse, clayey, silty, contains sparse round 

quartz pebbles up to 3 cm in diameter, micaceous, olive (10Y 5/2) ...................................4 – 6 

Sand, medium to very coarse grading down to coarse to very coarse, 

contains sparse round quartz pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter, 

micaceous, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)....................................................................................6 – 13 

Gravel, round quartz pebbles up to 8 cm in diameter, coarse to very 

coarse quartz sand matrix, slightly silty, slightly clayey, grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) .............................................................................................................13 – 25 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member 

Sand, fine to medium, well sorted, subangular to subround, slightly 

silty, contains 2-5% very fine to fine dark heavy mineral grains, 

fine to very coarse size mica, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) in 

top foot grading rapidly to pale grayish orange (10YR 8/4)..............................................25 – 32 

Gravel, round quartz pebbles and discoids up to 8 cm in diameter, 

coarse to very coarse quartz sand matrix, pale grayish orange 

 (10YR 8/4) ........................................................................................................................32 – 33 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) ..................................................33 – 36 

Silt, very fine sandy interbedded with sand, very fine, silty, very 

fine mica present, dark greenish gray (5Y 4/1), grades rapidly to ....................................36 – 48 

Sand, very fine to fine, slightly micaceous, contains scattered round 

medium and coarse grains, coarsens by base to fine to medium and 

silty, dark greenish gray (5Y 4/1)......................................................................................48 – 56 

119
Sand, medium to coarse, shelly, abundant round quartz pebbles up 

to 4 cm in diameter in basal foot, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) 

except for basal two inches which are dark olive gray (5Y 3/1) .......................................56 – 66 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, stiff, dense, medium greenish gray 

(5G 5/1), grades to ............................................................................................................66 – 70 

Silt, very clayey, very fine sandy, very stiff, dense, moderate brown 

(5YR 4/6) mottled medium olive gray (5Y 5/1).................................................................70 – 76 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +89 feet elevation 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +81 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +48 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

120
WE-02-2: 3.92 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 4.79 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4446o

 N, longitude 77.5700o W). Surface elevation 155 

feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member

Sand, fine to coarse, subround to round, loose, dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading through yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) to moderate 

reddish brown (10R 4/6) .....................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to coarse, silty, clayey, stiff, moderate reddish brown 

(10R 4/6), grades to.............................................................................................................1 – 11 

Sand, medium to very coarse grading down to fine to coarse, poorly 

sorted; contains subangular to subround quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in 

diameter, moderate brown (5YR 4/6), grades to ...............................................................11 – 25 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, contains sparse subround quartz pebbles 

up to 2 cm in diameter and 2 -5% very fine to fine dark heavy mineral 

grains, slightly micaceous, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).................................................25 – 36 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4), grades to ..........................36 – 47 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains sparse subround quartz pebbles 

up to 2 cm in diameter, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4) ..................................................47 – 50 

Gravel, subround quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, coarse to very 

coarse sand matrix, dark grayish orange (10YR 6/4), tough drilling ................................50 – 53 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, fine to coarse, contains abundant round quartz pebbles at base up 

to 5 cm in diameter, pale yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) grading down to 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).....................................................................................................53 – 63 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, very dark orange 

(10YR 5/6), grades to.........................................................................................................63 – 65 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, shelly, medium greenish 

gray (5G 5/1), grades to ....................................................................................................65 – 76 

Sand, very fine, shelly (including Chesapecten sp.), medium greenish 

gray (5G 5/1).....................................................................................................................76 – 84 

121
Gravel, round quartz pebbles up to 2.5 cm in diameter, medium greenish 

gray (5G 5/1).....................................................................................................................84 – 85 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, clayey silt, contains angular fine to medium quartz grains, 

abundant kaolinite, much denser than above, light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2), 

grades rapidly to................................................................................................................85 – 90 

Saprolite, clayey silt, contains about 25% angular medium to coarse 

quartz grains, pale reddish brown (10R 5/6).....................................................................90 – 96 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +102 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: +92 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +70 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

122
WE-02-3: 6.08 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.41 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, northwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4680o

 N, longitude 77.6085o W). Surface elevation 

124 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member

Sand, dominantly very fine to fine but ranging up to very coarse, 

larger grains subangular, silty, clayey, dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) ...........................................................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, dominantly very fine to fine but ranging up to very coarse, 

larger grains subangular, silty, clayey, micaceous, pale yellowish 

brown (10YR 5.5/2) mottled light olive brown (5Y 5/4) grading 

down at 6 feet to light greenish gray (5G 7/1), grades very rapidly to...............................1 – 10 

Sand, dominantly very fine to fine but ranging up to very coarse, 

larger grains subangular, silty, loose, light olive brown (5Y 5/4).....................................10 – 14 

Sand, medium to coarse, poorly sorted, silty, grading down to 

coarse to very coarse, contains abundant round quartz pebbles 

up to 2.5 cm in diameter, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) ...........................................14 – 19 

Gravel, round to discoidal quartz pebbles up to 7 cm in diameter, 

dusky brown (5YR 2/2) to moderate grayish brown (5YR 4/2), in 

pale grayish orange (10YR 8/2) clayey sand matrix..........................................................19 – 28 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, clayey silt, contains abundant angular coarse quartz 

grains, very micaceous, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) with 

streaks of light gray (N 8) grading down to very dark yellowish 

orange (10YR 5/6) .............................................................................................................28 – 31 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +96 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

123
WE-02-4: 1.89 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 2.42 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southeast 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4102o

 N, longitude 77.5335o W). Surface elevation 

98 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation

Sand, dominantly very fine, ranging up to medium, silty, clayey, stiff, 

pale olive brown (5Y 6/6), grades to ...................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, dominantly fine, ranges from very fine to medium, silty, grayish 

orange (10YR 7/4) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to ..........................1 – 6 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, contains 1-2% very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades rapidly to.........................................6 – 12 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, grading down to silt, clayey, very fine 

sandy, micaceous, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) mottled light 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) .......................................................................12 – 21 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, grading down to coarse to very coarse, 

subangular, feldspathic, silty, moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) .............................21 – 38 

Gravel, round quartz pebbles up to 5 cm in diameter, grayish orange 

(10YR 7/4) .........................................................................................................................38 – 45 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, fine, well sorted dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

rapidly down to light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), grades to ..........................................45 – 48 

Sand, fine, coarsely micaceous, shelly, contains lumps of phosphate, 

medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) ........................................................................................48 – 53 

Clubhouse Formation 

Silt, very clayey, very fine to medium sandy, micaceous, stiff, olive 

gray (5Y 4/1) grading through dark brownish gray (5YR 3/1) to medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1) mottled brownish gray (5YR 4/1) ..............................................53 – 71 

Base of Windsor Formation: +53 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +45 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

124
WE-02-5: 6.37 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 0.32 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3797o

 N, longitude 77.6142o W). Surface elevation 

133 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Lower Bacons Castle Formation, Varina Grove Member

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, clean, very dark yellowish 

brown (10YR 3/2) grading down to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2)..............................................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, very fine to fine sandy, grading down to sand, very 

fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, stiff, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading down to 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), 

grades rapidly to..................................................................................................................1 – 15 

Sand, fine, well sorted, silty, contains 1-2% very fine to fine 

dark heavy mineral grains, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to....................................................................15 – 30 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, very dark yellowish orange (10YR 5/6) ...............................30 – 36 

Sand, medium to very coarse, contains abundant subround to 

round quartz pebbles up to 2.5 cm in diameter, very dark 

yellowish orange (10YR 5/6).............................................................................................36 – 39 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, finely micaceous, upper foot light 

olive brown (5Y 5/4) then grades rapidly to dark greenish gray 

(5G 4/1).............................................................................................................................39 – 46 

Base of Lower Bacons Castle Formation (Varina Grove Member): +94 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

125
WE-02-6: 5.83 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 2.01 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, southwest 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.4040o

 N, longitude 77.6042o W). Surface elevation 

115 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member

Sand, dominantly medium, ranging up to very coarse, contains scattered 

round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, dark yellowish brown 

(10YR 4/2) grading down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................0 – 1 

Sand, dominantly medium, ranging up to very coarse, light brown (5YR 5/6)...................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to very coarse, subangular, silty, contains abundant round 

quartz pebbles up to 2.5 cm in diameter, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) .............................6 – 20 

Gravel, round quartz clasts up to 5 cm in diameter, coarse to very coarse 

sand matrix, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6)........................................................................20 – 27 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, light olive brown (5Y 5/4) grading through 

medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) to moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6)..........................27 – 29 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1) ......................................29 – 38 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, contains chalky shells, black-stained round 

quartz pebbles up to 2.5 cm in diameter, and a phosphatized clam cast 

8 cm long, medium greenish gray (5GY 5/1)....................................................................38 – 40 

Eastern Carolina Slate Belt Rocks 

Saprolite, quartz, coarse to very coarse, angular, in 50% clayey silt matrix, 

very pale brown (5YR 6/2), much denser than above .......................................................40 – 46 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +88 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +75 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Eastern Carolina Slate Belt saprolite 

126
WHITAKERS QUADRANGLE 

WH-03-1: 3.49 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 5.79 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, on boundary between the central and north-central 1/9ths of map area (latitude 36.0841o

 N, 

longitude 77.6867o W). Surface elevation 120 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, yellowish brown (10YR 5/2) grading 

down to dusky yellow (5Y 6/4) ...........................................................................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, pale olive brown (5Y 6/6), grades to .........................1 – 2 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled pale 

olive brown (5Y 6/6), grades to...........................................................................................2 – 4 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, reddish brown (10R 6/6) mottled 

yellowish gray (5Y 7/2), grades to ......................................................................................4 – 5 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).............................5 – 8 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, stiff, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) grading 

down to medium greenish gray (5GY 6/1)..........................................................................8 – 15 

Sand, very fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, grading rapidly down to 

medium to very coarse, subangular, subround quartz pebbles up to 3 cm 

in diameter abundant in basal 3 feet, grayish yellow (5Y 7/4) throughout .......................15 – 25 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................................25 – 49 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, sparsely shelly, grading down to sand, 

fine, silty, clayey, very shelly, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1).......................................49 – 75 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, dominantly fine but contains scattered grains up to coarse, silty, 

variably clayey, micaceous, dense, tough drilling, brownish gray 

(5YR 4/1) interbedded with medium brownish gray (5YR 5/1) going to 

moderate reddish brown (10R 4/6) in basal foot...............................................................75 – 81 

Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +95 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +45 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

127
WH-03-2: 4.13 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.88 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0272o

 N, longitude 77.6982o W). Surface 

elevation 117 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Upper Bacons Castle Formation, Bahramsville Member

Sand, fine to sparse medium, silty, grayish yellow (5Y 7/4)...............................................0 – 1 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, 

subangular, silty, slightly clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6).........................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, silty, pale brown (5YR 6/6) 

grading down to yellowish orange (10YR 7/6), grades to...................................................6 – 11 

Sand, medium to coarse, subangular, silty, dark grayish orange 

(10YR 6/4) .........................................................................................................................11 – 14 

Sand, fine to very coarse, very poorly sorted, angular to subangular, 

silty, clayey, yellowish orange (10YR 7/6) interbedded with sand, 

very fine, silty, clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ...............................................................14 – 21 

Silt, very fine sandy, very clayey, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) ..............................................21 – 24 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, contains burrows filled with clayey silt from 

above, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................................................24 – 26 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), grades to.........................26 – 40 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), grades to........................40 – 49 

Sand, fine, silty, shelly, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1), grades to.................................49 – 71 

Sand, fine, silty, clayey, shelly, round black-stained quartz pebbles 

up to 4 cm in diameter present at base, medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................71 – 74 

Clubhouse Formation 

Sand, very fine but with scattered grains up to medium, angular to 

subangular, silty, clayey, much denser than above, contains coarse 

mica flakes, moderate olive gray (5Y 5/1) grading through dusky 

yellow (5Y 6/4; 77-79 feet) to moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) mottled 

light greenish gray (5G 7/1)..............................................................................................74 – 81 

128
Base of Upper Bacons Castle Formation (Bahramsville Member): +93 feet elevation 

Base of Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): +43 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Clubhouse Formation 

129
WOODLAND QUADRANGLE 

WL-03-1: 2.77 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 8.31 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.3705o

 N, longitude 77.1741o W). Surface 

elevation 38 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Shirley Formation

Sand, fine, well sorted, clean, contains about 1% very fine to fine dark 

heavy mineral grains, light grayish orange (10YR 8/4) grading down 

to light yellowish gray (5Y 8/2) ..........................................................................................0 – 6 

Sand, dominantly medium but fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clean, 

grading down through coarse to very coarse to medium to coarse and 

pebbly, round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, yellowish gray 

(5Y 7/2) grading down at 14 feet to pale yellowish brown (10YR 6/2)...............................6 – 16 

Chowan River Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, stiff, greenish gray (5G 6/1)...................................16 – 22 

Sand, fine, silty, thixotropic, greenish gray (5G 6/1)........................................................22 – 23 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, contains wood fragment, stiff, greenish 

gray (5GY 6/1)...................................................................................................................23 – 26 

Auger jammed at bottom and had to be unscrewed, soft drilling to 

67 feet, sparse recovery indicates thixotropic sand grading down from 

very fine to fine and very silty to coarse to very coarse and pebbly.................................26 – 67 

No recovery, crunchy drilling through this interval suggests gravel................................67 – 77 

Cape Fear Formation? 

No recovery, very tough drilling, this interval swelled and jammed 

suggesting Cape Fear clay ................................................................................................77 – 86 

Base of Shirley Formation: +22 feet elevation 

Base of Chowan River Formation: -39 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation? 

130
WL-03-2: 3.80 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.06 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.2653o

 N, longitude 77.1944o W). Surface 

elevation 64 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Charles City Formation

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, moderate brown (5YR 5/4) grading 

down to dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6).........................................................................0 – 1 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6), grades to......................................................................1 – 6 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) mottled 

dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) .........................6 – 11 

Silt, clayey, very fine sandy, stiff, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) 

mottled dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) and greenish gray (5G 6/1) ...........................11 – 16 

Sand, fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, clayey, light olive 

brown (5Y 5/4) ..................................................................................................................16 – 18 

Sand, fine to coarse, poorly sorted, clean, thixotropic, very soft, 

medium olive (10Y 4/4) grading down at 24 feet to light greenish 

gray (5GY 7/1)...................................................................................................................18 – 37 

Sand, coarse to very coarse, contains abundant round quartz granules 

and pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter light greenish gray (5GY 7/1)...................................37 – 38 

Cape Fear Formation 

Silt, clayey, very fine to medium sandy, dense, micaceous, medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1) mottled moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) 

grading down to moderate olive brown (5Y 4/4) mottled medium 

greenish gray (5GY 5/1), breaks up into small lumps.......................................................38 – 46 

Base of Charles City Formation: +26 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

131
WOODVILLE QUADRANGLE 

WV-02-1: 4.03 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 1.09 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, south-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0159o

 N, longitude 77.1963o W). Surface 

elevation 22 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Alluvium

Sand, very fine to fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dark orange (10YR 3/2) ........................0 – 1 

Sand, very fine to fine grading down to fine to medium, silty, thixotropic, 

contains abundant dark carbonaceous? specks, dark grayish orange 

(10YR 6/4), grades to...........................................................................................................1 – 6 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains abundant subround quartz pebbles up 

to 1 cm in diameter, moderate yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ..............................................6 – 14 

Yorktown Formation 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, micaceous, medium greenish gray 

(5G 5/1), grades to ............................................................................................................14 – 20 

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, micaceous, shelly (including 

pectenids, scaphopods, etc.), medium greenish gray (5G 5/1) .........................................20 – 28 

Tar Heel Formation 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, moderate olive gray (5Y 5/1)..........................28 – 41 

Sand, fine to coarse, medium to coarse grains subround, silty, 

contains sparse round quartz pebbles up to 1 cm in diameter, moderate 

olive gray (5Y 5/1) ............................................................................................................41 – 53 

Sand, fine to coarse, medium to coarse grains subround, silty, clayey, 

contains abundant round quartz pebbles up to 2 cm in diameter, moderate 

olive gray (5Y 5/1) ............................................................................................................53 – 56 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, fine to coarse, very clayey, very dense, tough drilling, dark 

reddish brown (10R 3/4) mottled medium olive gray (5Y 5/1).........................................56 – 66 

Base of alluvium: +8 feet elevation 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2): -6 feet elevation 

Base of Tar Heel Formation: -34 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

132
WV-02-2: 3.69 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 6.47 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.0936o

 N, longitude 77.1904o W). Surface 

elevation 47 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Chuckatuck Formation

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, micaceous, dusky yellowish brown 

(10YR 2/2) grading down to light olive gray (5Y 5/2) ........................................................0 – 1 

Silt, very fine sandy, clayey, micaceous, light olive gray (5Y 5/2) 

mottled moderate orange (10YR 3/6) .................................................................................1 – 12 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, yellowish 

gray (5Y 7/2) grading through dark orange (10YR 2/6; 17-19 feet) back 

to yellowish gray (5Y 7/2).................................................................................................12 – 21 

Sand, fine, well sorted, contains about 1-2% very fine to fine dark heavy 

mineral grains, silty, soft, dark yellowish orange (10YR 6/6) grading 

around 37 feet to olive (10Y 5/2) ......................................................................................21 – 40 

Sand, fine to medium grading down to medium to coarse, subangular, 

medium brownish gray (10YR 5/1)...................................................................................40 – 50 

Sand, medium to coarse, contains round quartz and phosphate pebbles 

up to 2 cm in diameter and a pebble of slate belt rock 4 cm in diameter, 

medium brownish gray (10YR 5/1)...................................................................................50 – 51 

Cape Fear Formation 

Sand, very fine to fine, micaceous, silty, dense, tough drilling, medium 

greenish gray (5G 5/1) grading down to olive gray (5Y 4/1)............................................51 – 66 

Base of Chuckatuck Formation: -4 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Cape Fear Formation 

133
WV-02-3: 3.68 miles west of the east quadrangle border, 7.64 miles north of the south quadrangle 

border, north-central 1/9th of map area (latitude 36.1108o

 N, longitude 77.1911o W). Surface 

elevation 75 feet. 

LITHOLOGY DEPTH IN FEET 

Windsor Formation

Sand, fine to medium, silty, clayey, stiff, dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) grading down at 1 foot to dark yellowish orange 

(10YR 6/6) mottled yellowish gray (5Y 7/2) and reddish orange 

(10R 5/6) .............................................................................................................................0 – 11 

Sand, medium to coarse, silty, loose, yellowish orange (10YR 5/6).................................11 – 22 

Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

Sand, very fine, silty, clayey, interbedded with silt, very fine sandy 

and clayey, greenish gray (5GY 5/1).................................................................................22 – 46 

Base of Windsor Formation: +53 feet elevation 

Bottomed in Yorktown Formation (Zone 2) 

134
SUPPLEMENTARY BASEMENT DATA 

 Basement elevation 

 (in feet) Latitude Longitude Well Name Data Source 

 -182 36.3011 N 77.4367 W Well Number 341 Trapp (1992), p. G57

 36.3362 N 77.4319 W NC-NOR-T-12 Brown and others (1972) 

 Plate 29 -212

 36.1000 N 77.5125 W HA-P-1-79

 North Carolina Geological 

 Survey geophysical 

 database1

 -230

 36.1154 N 77.3763 W NC-HAL-T-2 Brown and others (1972) 

 Plate 43 -244

 -245 36.1268 N 77.4116 W Well Number 345 Trapp (1992), p. G57

 36.0581 N 77.4206 W HA-T-1-85

 North Carolina Geological 

 Survey geophysical 

 database1

 -282

 36.0300N 77.3972 W NC-HAL-T-16 Brown and others (1972) 

 Plate 43 -306

 -415 36.4342 N 77.2275 W Well Number 335 Trapp (1992), p. G57

 36.4374 N 77.0944 W NC-HE-P-12 Brown and others (1972) 

 Plate 46 -561

 36.0517 N 77.1945 W BT-T-1-82

 North Carolina Geological 

 Survey geophysical 

 database1

 -592

 36.2388 N 77.1870 W EHNR Roxobel NC DENR, Division of 

 Water Resources <-595

 -978 36.0329 N 77.0192 W BE-110-2004 USGS/NCGS core hole

1

Website located at: 

http://www.ncwater.org/Data_and_Modeling/Ground_Water_Databases/ 

135