Secondary School 

Course 

Classification 

System: School

Codes for the 

Exchange of Data 

(SCED) 

U.S. Department of Education 

NCES 2007-341 

Secondary School 

Course 

Classification 

System: School 

Codes for the 

Exchange of Data 

(SCED) 

U.S. Department of Education 

NCES 2007-341 

June 2007 

Denise Bradby 

Rosio Pedroso 

MPR Associates, Inc. 

Andy Rogers 

Consultant 

Quality Information Partners 

Lee Hoffman 

Project Officer 

National Center for 

Education Statistics 
 ii

U.S. Department of Education 

Margaret Spellings 

Secretary 

Institute of Education Sciences 

Grover J. Whitehurst 

Director 

National Center for Education Statistics 

Mark Schneider 

Commissioner 

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data 

related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and 

report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized 

analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical 

systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries. 

NCES activities are designed to address high-priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate 

indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high-quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, 

the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public. Unless specifically 

noted, all information contained herein is in the public domain. 

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You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating information effectively. If you have any comments or 

suggestions about this or any other NCES product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to 

National Center for Education Statistics 


Institute of Education Sciences 


U.S. Department of Education
 

1990 K Street NW 


Washington, DC 20006-5651
 

June 2007 


The NCES World Wide Web Home Page address is http://nces.ed.gov. 


The NCES World Wide Web Electronic Catalog is http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch. 


Suggested Citation 

Bradby, D., Pedroso, R., and Rogers, A. (2007). Secondary School Course Classification System: School Codes for the Exchange of 

Data (SCED) (NCES 2007-341). U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. 

For ordering information on this report, write to 

U.S. Department of Education


 ED Pubs
 

P.O. Box 1398 


Jessup, MD 20794-1398 


or call toll free 1-877-4ED-Pubs or order online at http://www.edpubs.org. 

Content Contact 

Ghedam Bairu

(202) 502-7304

ghedam.bairu@ed.gov
 

 

Foreword 

Secondary School Course Classification System: School Codes for the Exchange of Data (SCED) 

presents a taxonomy and course descriptions for secondary education. The system is intended to help 

schools and education agencies maintain longitudinal information about students’ coursework in an 

efficient, standardized format that facilitates the exchange of records as students transfer from one 

school to another, or to postsecondary education. 

SCED is part of the National Center for Education Statistics’ data handbook series, which is published 

as a searchable electronic database, Handbooks Online (http://nces.ed.gov/programs/handbook/). NCES 

has developed a series of data handbooks to provide guidance on consistency in data definitions and the 

maintenance of education data, so that such data can be accurately aggregated and analyzed. The 

handbooks are intended to serve as reference documents for public and private education agencies, 

schools, early childhood centers, and other educational institutions, as well as by researchers involved in 

the collection of education data. In addition, the handbooks may be useful to elected officials and 

members of the public who have an interest in education information. The handbooks are not, however, 

data collection instruments, nor do they reflect any type of federal data maintenance requirements. 

Handbooks Online is reviewed and updated annually. 

Education agencies and institutions collect and maintain information to help the education system 

function efficiently and effectively. Standardized data available to education agency officials can 

•	 assist in the development of sound educational policies at all levels; 

•	 improve the quality of instruction and boost student achievement; 

•	 help compare information among communities and among states; 

•	 improve the accuracy and timeliness of nationwide summaries of information about education 

systems; 

•	 improve the quality and significance of education research―locally, statewide, and nationwide; 

and 

•	 enhance reporting to the public about the condition and progress of education. 

It is the intent of Secondary School Course Classification System: School Codes for the Exchange of 

Data (SCED) to provide educators and data managers with a tool that will support decision-making in 

these ways. 

iii 
 iv
 
 

Acknowledgments 

The following individuals graciously gave their time to provide valuable input and information at the 

outset of the project: 

 Clifford Adelman, U.S Department of Education, Office of Vocational and Adult Education 

(OVAE); 

 Nancy Adelman, SRI International; 

 Barbara Andrepont, Schools Interoperability Framework Association; 

 Greg Berg, Idaho Department of Education; 

 Janis Brown, U.S Department of Education, National Center of Education Statistics (NCES); 

 Rupa Datta, NORC; 

 Lee Hoffman, U.S Department of Education, National Center of Education Statistics (NCES); 

 Myrna Holgate, Idaho Department of Education; 

 Steven Ingels, RTI International; 

 Mark Kuskie, Idaho Department of Education; 

 Charles Masten, University of California; 

 Coleen McClanahan, Iowa Department of Education; 

 Karen Mitchell, SRI International; 

 Jeffrey Owings, U.S Department of Education, National Center of Education Statistics (NCES); 

 Rob Perkins, Westat; 

 Shep Roey, Westat; 

 Leslie Scott, Education Statistics Services Institute, AIR; 

 Lee Tack, Iowa Department of Education; 

 Ellen Wetzel, NCAA Initial-Eligibility Clearinghouse; and 

 Raymond Yeagley, Northwest Evaluation Association. 

The following people reviewed subject areas and course descriptions and, as needed, supplied 

recommendations for revision: 

 Nancy Beben, Louisiana Department of Education; 

 Tony Glenn, Nebraska Department of Education; 

 Patti High, Oklahoma Department of Education; 

 Julane Hill, Nebraska Department of Education; 

 W. Tad Johnston, Maine Department of Education; 

 John Kennedy, Maine Department of Education; 

 Coleen McClanahan, Iowa Department of Education; 

 Vickie Scow, Nebraska Department of Education; 

 Bill Seitter, Weatherford Public Schools, Oklahoma; 

 Bonnie Sibert, Nebraska Department of Education; 

 Willie Stroble, Virginia Department of Education; 

v 
 

 Debra K. Sullivan, Principal, Charleston Catholic High School, Charleston, West Virginia; and 

 Jeffrey A. Zeiders, Pennsylvania Department of Education 

 Members of the Student Information System workgroup of the Schools Interoperability 

Framework Association, including David Amidon, Barbara Andrepont, Judi Barnett, Barbara 

Clements, Eric Creighton, Bill Duncan, Larry Fruth, Dean Goodmanson, Sue Pazurik, Wendy 

Reidy, Jason Reimer, John Scholfeldt, Scott Schollenberger, and Elizabeth Wereley. 

 School district staff members in the Portland, Oregon area, including Rene Bishop, North 

Clackamas School District; Helene Douglass, Multnomah Education Service District; Blair 

Loudat, North Clackamas School District; Bonnie McCauley, Portland Public Schools; Carla 

Randal, Portland Public Schools; Doug Salyers, North Clackamas SD; and Joe Suggs, Portland 

Public Schools. 

The following served members of the External Review Committee: 

 Judi Barnett, Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit, representing the Schools Interoperability 

Framework Association (SIFA); 

 Robert Bozick, Research Triangle Institute (RTI); 

 Janis Brown, U.S Department of Education, NCES; 

 Helene Douglass, Multnomah Education Service District; 

 David Grantz, Seaford Middle School, Seaford, Delaware; 

 Lisa Hudson, U.S Department of Education, Office of Career and Vocational Education; 

 Steven Ingels, Research Triangle Institute (RTI); 

 Stanley Legum, Westat; 

 Jeffrey Owings, U.S Department of Education, National Center of Education Statistics (NCES); 

 Rob Perkins, Westat; 

 Daniel Pratt, Research Triangle Institute (RTI); 

 Shep Roey, Westat; 

 Leslie Scott, American Institutes for Research (AIR); 

 Marlene Simon-Burroughs, U.S Department of Education, Office of Special Education; 

 Debra K. Sullivan, Principal, Charleston Catholic High School, Charleston, West Virginia; and 

 Lee Tack, Iowa Department of Education. 

Special thanks are due to Graciela Thomen of Kforce Government Solutions, who prepared the 

manuscript for publication and to Shelley Burns of NCES who led the final review effort. 

vi 
 

Contents 

vii 

Page 

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... iii
 

Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................................................... v 

List of Exhibits......................................................................................................................................... viii
 

Chapter 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 1 

Chapter 2. Framework of SCED................................................................................................................. 7
 

Chapter 3. SCED Subject Areas ............................................................................................................... 11
 

Subject Area 1: English Language and Literature (secondary) ....................................................12 

Subject Area 2: Mathematics (secondary) ....................................................................................22 

Subject Area 3: Life and Physical Sciences (secondary) ..............................................................33 

Subject Area 4: Social Sciences and History (secondary) ............................................................44 

Subject Area 5: Fine and Performing Arts (secondary) ................................................................59 

Subject Area 6: Foreign Language and Literature (secondary) ....................................................70 

Subject Area 7: Religious Education and Theology (secondary) ...............................................126 

Subject Area 8: Physical, Health, and Safety Education ............................................................129 

Subject Area 9: Military Science ................................................................................................135 

Subject Area 10: Computer and Information Sciences ...............................................................140 

Subject Area 11: Communication and Audio/Visual Technology (secondary) .........................151 

Subject Area 12: Business and Marketing (secondary) ..............................................................157 

Subject Area 13: Manufacturing (secondary) .............................................................................167 

Subject Area 14: Health Care Sciences (secondary) ..................................................................174 

Subject Area 15: Public, Protective, and Government Services (secondary) .............................182 

Subject Area 16: Hospitality and Tourism (secondary) ..............................................................187 

Subject Area 17: Architecture and Construction (secondary) ....................................................193 

Subject Area 18: Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (secondary) ..................................201 

Subject Area 19: Human Services (secondary) ..........................................................................211 

Subject Area 20: Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics (secondary) ................................217 

Subject Area 21: Engineering and Technology (secondary) ......................................................223 

Subject Area 22: Miscellaneous (secondary) ..............................................................................230 

Appendix A. Development of SCED...................................................................................................... 237 

Appendix B. List of SCED Course Titles, in numeric order .................................................................. 247 
 

List of Exhibits 

Exhibit 	 Page 

1. Course code structure: United States Government—Comprehensive.......................................9 

2. Secondary subject areas and codes in the SCED.....................................................................11 

A-1. Major characteristics of the Classification of Secondary School Courses (CSSC) 

and the Pilot Standard National Course Classification System for Secondary 

Education (SNCCS) ..............................................................................................................238 

A-2. Developing the classification structure for School Codes for the Exchange of 

Data (SCED): Interviews, meetings, and presentations ........................................................241 

A-3. Developing the content for School Codes for the Exchange of Data (SCED): 

Meetings and presentations....................................................................................................243 

A-4. Course and course description reviews for School Codes for the Exchange of 

Data (SCED)..........................................................................................................................244 

viii 
 

 

Chapter 1. Introduction 

Developing a System for Classifying Secondary Courses 

In the summer of 2003, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) initiated work to develop a 

common classification system for secondary school courses in the United States. The resulting system is 

the Secondary School Course Classification System: School Codes for Exchange of Data (SCED), 

presented in this handbook. The primary purpose of the SCED system is to make it easier for school 

districts and states to maintain longitudinal student records electronically, and to transmit coursetaking 

information from one student information system to another, from one school district to another, and 

from a school district to a state department of education. As substantial numbers of agencies adopt the 

system, it will produce a secondary benefit: standardized course information for those who evaluate 

transcripts for postsecondary admission or research purposes. 

More specifically, a common classification system for secondary school courses would achieve the 

following: 

 enable comparison of course offerings among districts and states; 

 facilitate the use of electronic student transcripts; 

 support longitudinal student information systems; 

 encourage interoperability of student information and other data management systems by 

providing a standard for education software designers and vendors; 

 reduce the cost and burden of transcript studies; and 

 encourage the use of coursetaking information in research and evaluation of student outcomes. 

Earlier Work in Electronic Student Transcripts 

In 1995, NCES developed the Pilot Standard National Course Classification System for Secondary 

Education (SNCCS) to support the electronic exchange of student transcripts. The SNCCS is included in 

the SPEEDE/ExPRESS1

 transcript standards, which were maintained by the Data Interchange Standards 

Association and accepted by the American National Standards Institute. The SNCCS was developed in 

recognition that any process for the electronic exchange of transcripts between districts would not be 

very successful without a common course classification system. 

The technology for maintaining electronic records was in its early stages in 1995. As a result, relatively 

few school districts or state education agencies adopted either SPEEDE/ExPRESS or the SNCCS. 

Today, most transcripts for students who transfer are still requested over the phone or through traditional 

mail, and schools still have to respond to requests for transcripts by manually copying them and sending 

1

 System for Postsecondary Electronic Exchange of Data for Education/Exchange of Permanent Records for Students and 

Schools. These electronic data interchange (EDI) transcript standards were developed jointly by the Association of College 

Registrars and Admission Officers (ACRAAO) and NCES. 

1
 
 

the paper transcripts to the requesting school. However, the conditions for the electronic transfer of 

student records have improved significantly from 1995. Some of the key changes are the following: 

 Nearly all schools operate student information systems that retain student records in data 

systems. Most secondary schools use electronic scheduling with some type of course coding 

system to place students in appropriate courses. 

 The SCED coding structure has simplified the structure of the 1995 SNCCS. Experience with the 

earlier system was the basis of extensive input to the SCED system from the external review 

committee, members of the National Forum on Education Statistics, and other practitioners. (See 

Acknowledgments for a list of participants.) 

 School district and state education agency information professionals are working with designers 

from the education management software industry to produce open standards for making data 

systems interoperable. This approach simplifies the older electronic data interchange (EDI) 

standards used in SPEEDE/ExPRESS. 

Part of NCES Handbook Series 

NCES will maintain the new course classification system, the SCED, as part of the NCES data 

handbook system. It will be a part of NCES’s searchable web database, Handbooks Online,2

 which will 

make the course classification system readily accessible to all potential users. Through the Handbooks 

Online, users can tailor the structure of the SCED course classification taxonomy to meet the needs of 

their individual student information systems. The basic SCED elements defining a course can be 

combined with other data elements in the Handbooks Online to create an electronic student transcript, 

course scheduling software, systems for matching teacher qualifications and assignments, and a host of 

other information management tools. The SCED course codes and descriptions ensure comparability 

among electronic transcripts when describing courses for students who move from one district to 

another, and among reports when sending course information from a school district to a statewide 

database. 

Uses and Users of the Secondary Course Classification System 

Uses within the education system. When a secondary student transfers from one district to another, the 

student’s course history must be reviewed meticulously to determine if the courses named on a 

transcript are the same as, or acceptably similar to, courses offered in the new district. The effort of 

these painstaking reviews is multiplied when many students transfer into a single school. 

A major objective of the SCED is to provide common secondary course descriptions that enable school 

counselors to compare courses more easily when reviewing the transcript of a transferring student. A 

common system for describing courses saves the counselor’s time and ensures that the student is placed 

in appropriate classes without delay. 

2 Handbooks Online incorporates definitions of data elements about students, education staff, school facilities, schools, and 

education agencies. 

 2
 
 

A common secondary course classification system assists states developing statewide longitudinal data 

systems to meet the reporting requirements of local and state mandates, as well as those of No Child 

Left Behind. Without a statewide course classification system, it can be very burdensome to collect and 

interpret information from school districts about student course taking and the qualifications of teachers 

responsible for those courses. 

Numerous groups could use and benefit from the information available through adoption of the SCED. 

For example, a parent needs to know how his or her child is performing in classes. They can find 

information about courses in a report card that shows specific courses taken by that student, teachers’ 

assessment of performance, and credit(s) earned and in a transcript (an overall record of a student’s 

educational attainments). The school’s course catalog tells the parent more about the student’s class 

work. The catalog also tells students and parents about the course offerings of the school—other courses 

the student might take, their content, and prerequisites. 

At the school level, course information is used to guide and advise individual students; to assign 

teachers to classes for which they are qualified and/or certified; to organize a master schedule that 

coordinates students, teachers, and resources; and to distribute information about students to other 

institutions. These other institutions include district and state agencies that need to track student 

enrollment in particular grades and, in some cases, in specific courses. Based on course and enrollment 

data, these agencies account for enrollment in specific courses, reimburse schools based on average 

daily attendance, report to funding agencies/programs (e.g., Perkins), and could analyze differences 

between subsets of students. 

Postsecondary institutions need information about students and their coursework, typically to determine 

students’ eligibility for enrollment, financial assistance, and eventual placement. For example, the 

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) uses secondary course information to determine a 

student’s eligibility for postsecondary athletic programs. 

Involvement of the education software community. “Interoperability” in data management systems 

means that information can be transferred from one system to others with no effort on the part of a user. 

In a school district, for example, interoperable software applications would ensure that when the name 

and address of a new student are entered into the system once, the information also appears in the 

district’s library, class assignment, transportation, food service, student information management, and 

other relevant systems. SCED provides a standard course coding framework for vendors of school 

information systems who are working toward interoperability. During the development of the SCED, the 

Student Information System workgroup of the Schools Interoperability Framework Association 

contributed input and recommendations. As vendors become aware of the SCED, the course coding 

structure and definitions can be included in student information systems or used to form a common 

“crosswalk” from one system to another. 

Facilitating the research use of transcript data. Researchers and policymakers represent another 

important use of course-related information. Education researchers typically want to identify trends in 

course taking and in students’ access to educational experiences, examine links between practice and 

desired outcomes, and analyze differences between subsets of students. Data about courses are 

combined with information about the students and their teachers, schools, parents, and communities in a 

number of ways. 

More and more states are developing longitudinal student data systems in order to measure the added 

value of education to students as they move through the education pipeline. Information about the 

courses that students take, and their performance in these courses, is vital to understanding the effects of 

3
 
 

3

education—but almost impossible to measure without a standard system for describing courses3. The 

SCED provides comparability for that effort and can greatly reduce the time it takes to review course 

information. 

As more school districts and states adopt the SCED, and as the number of courses and course 

descriptions are increased, the system will be of use to researchers. Comparable transcript data for 

researchers will be a valuable side product when the SCED becomes widely used to transfer transcripts 

between districts and from districts to state departments of education. 

Using the Secondary Course Coding System 

SCED is designed for use in student record systems, transcripts, and reporting by school districts and 

state education agencies (and their nonpublic school equivalents). This purpose determined several key 

characteristics of the system. NCES wanted the framework for SCED to: 

 build upon the current course systems that NCES supports—the Pilot Standard National Course 

Classification System for Secondary Education (SNCCS) and the Classification of Secondary 

School Courses (CSSC); 

 maintain a straightforward format to describe and classify courses that could be used by others 

with minimal training; and 

 be structured so that the system could become part of the NCES Handbooks Online. 

The School Codes for the Exchange of Data (SCED) incorporates a coding structure that meets these 

requirements. 

The SCED coding structure has four basic elements that were derived from the SNCCS: (1) course 

description, (2) course level, (3) available credit, and (4) sequence. Each element imparts different, but 

complementary, pieces of information about the particular course being offered. Taken as a whole, these 

elements can be used to “map” SCED-coded courses to the CSSC system that is widely used in 

transcript research4

. 

SCED simplifies earlier coding systems. Informal piloting with volunteer states and school districts 

suggests that practitioners can use the system with little instruction or support, although the effort in 

applying any course classification system should not be underestimated. And, the framework can be 

integrated into the Handbooks Online system, which will automate the process of course coding—and 

hopefully reduce the complexity and effort of this task. 

Maintaining SCED. Courses may be added to SCED and modifications made through the normal 

Handbooks Online review process. NCES formally reviews the contents of Handbooks Online each 

year, convening a panel of subject area specialists, data managers, and other educators to consider any 

changes recommended by users throughout the year. The Program Offices of the US Department of 

 Congress has allocated funds to assist states in developing statewide longitudinal data systems through competitive grants 

administered by the Institute of Education Sciences in the US Department of Education. Fourteen states received these grants 

in the first year of their award, 2005. 

4

 The CSSC was developed by NCES and has been used in transcript studies (research on course offerings and students’ 

course taking behavior) since the 1970’s. SCED courses have been compared to the CSSC courses (forthcoming working 

paper) but the overlap is not 100 percent. 

 4
 
 

Education are also asked to review any data elements that are part of their information collections, to 

make sure that these elements’ definitions are up to date. Proposed revisions that result from this review 

are then subjected to NCES’s review standards before being accepted or rejected. 

In Chapter 2, the SCED framework is described, as are the reasons for decisions that led to the structure. 

Chapter 3 includes the SCED course codes and descriptions. Appendix A provides information about 

the procedures used in developing SCED. Appendix B is a list of all courses within each subject area. 

5
 
 6
 
 

Chapter 2. Framework of SCED 

Elements of the Coding Structure 

The SCED framework consists of four basic elements. Taken together, they create a unique 

identification code for any secondary course. The four component elements are course description, 

course level, available credit, and sequence. 

Element 1. Course Description consists of two parts, a Subject Area and a Course Identifier within that 

Subject Area. For example, the course General Math is coded as 02002—Subject Area Mathematics 

(02) and Course Identifier (002). 

Subject Area. These are 22 general content categories, each represented by a two-digit code. The 

categories are mutually exclusive and, to date, can include any course offered in secondary schools. The 

Subject Areas are listed in an exhibit at the beginning of chapter 3, Course Codes and Descriptions. 

Subject Area identifies a single course when it is combined with the Course Identifier. 

Course Identifier. Courses within a Subject Area are distinguished by a three-digit code. The codes 

carry no meaning within themselves. As with all entries in the NCES Handbook series, “999” is 

reserved for courses coded as “other.” Only some numbers between 001 and 999 have been used in this 

system; unused numbers can accommodate new courses as these are added to the SCED. 

The Course Descriptions are fairly general. They provide enough specificity to identify the course’s 

topic and to distinguish it from other courses in that Subject Area. However, the Course Descriptions do 

not include course objectives. 

Three other elements in the SCED structure provide additional information about a course when 

combined with the Course Description. 

Element 2. Course Level conveys the course’s level of rigor. There are four options for coding this 

element: 

 B for basic or remedial. A course focusing primarily on skills development, including literacy 

in language, mathematics, and the physical and social sciences. These courses are typically less 

rigorous than standard courses and may be intended to prepare a student for a general course. 

 G for general or regular. A course providing instruction in a given subject area that focuses 

primarily on general concepts appropriate for the grade level. General courses typically meet the 

state’s or district’s expectations of scope and difficulty for mastery of the content 

 E for enriched or advanced. A course that augments the content and/or rigor of a general 

course, but does not carry an honors designation. 

 H for honors. An advanced level course designed for students who have earned honors status 

according to educational requirements. These courses typically include additional content not 

found in general courses, and are formally designated as honors courses. 

The majority of courses that schools offer are general: intended for any student in the proper grade level 

range. However, some courses are distinguished by having more or less rigorous requirements than the 

“usual” course and are designated as advanced/ enriched, honors, or basic/remedial. Some school 

systems place students in, or allow students to select from, different “tracks”—particularly in academic 

7
 
 

subject areas—while others do not use such distinctions, holding all students to the same standards. The 

coding structure enables schools to portray such differences. 

Personal judgment is needed in assigning and interpreting the Course Level element. While individual 

schools, districts, and states may have criteria that clearly distinguish one level of course from another, 

these criteria are not the same in every state or school district. And, not every course catalog will include 

courses at all of these four levels. 

Element 3. Available Credit identifies the amount of Carnegie unit credit available to a student who 

successfully meets the objectives of the course. A course meeting every day for one period of the school 

day over the span of a school year offers one Carnegie unit. A Carnegie unit is thus a measure of “seat 

time” rather than a measure of attainment of the course objectives. While some schools and districts use 

a performance—or competency―based metric of student progress, the Carnegie unit remains the 

predominant metric of student progress in schools in the United States and is part of the SCED 

framework. 

Available Credit is coded as a one-digit number carried out to two decimal places, with an explicit 

decimal. That is, one Carnegie unit would be coded as 1.00. A half-unit of Carnegie credit would be 

reported as 0.50. Note that Available Credit for a given course can vary from school district to school 

district. 

Element 4. Sequence describes the manner in which school systems may “break up” increasingly 

difficult or more complex information. School districts operating on a semester or trimester schedule 

frequently offer consecutive courses fitting one course description. For example, Accounting may be 

broken into two different courses that together make up a complete Accounting course. Or, the 

requirements for studio arts could include Creative Arts―Comprehensive (SCED #05154) and two 

additional studio arts courses selected from a number of choices (drawing, ceramics, sculpture, painting, 

etc.) 

Sequence is a two-character element that should be interpreted as “part ‘n’ of ‘m’ parts.” In the example 

given above, if each course were a year in length, Creative Arts―Comprehensive would be course “one 

of three,” or “1 3.” It is important to remember that sequence describes only the order in which the 

courses are taken. If the arts sequence in this example required six semester-long courses, the second 

semester of the introductory Creative Arts―Comprehensive could be shown with the sequence “2 6,” 

or, “part 2 of 6 parts.” The Sequence indicated for a given course can vary from school district to school 

district. 

Exhibit 1 is an example of how the four SCED elements are used to identify a specific course, and the 

Level, Credit and Sequence that can differ for the same course. 

8
 
 

Exhibit 1. Course code structure: United States Government―Comprehensive 

course description course level available credit sequence 

04 151 H 1.00 1 1 

Social Sciences U.S. Government Honors one “1 of 1”—not part 

 and History —Comprehensive Carnegie unit of a sequence 

course description course level available credit sequence 

04 151 R 0.50 1 2 

 Social Sciences U.S. Government Regular one-half “1 of 2”—1st part of 

 and History —Comprehensive Carnegie unit a 2-course sequence 

Additional Notes on the Content and Structure of SCED 

Course description codes. SCED is intended to be an electronic system, part of the NCES Handbooks 

Online. Because of this, Subject Areas can be numbered in an arbitrary order (e.g., “01” is English 

Language and Literature, “02” is Mathematics, and so on). The Course Identifier codes within the 

various Subject Areas similarly carry no meaning other than that they distinguish one course from 

another. Unused numbers among the Course Identifiers are simply placeholders for additional courses 

that may be added to SCED and Handbooks Online in the future. 

One important characteristic of an electronic data handbook is that, if there are good search criteria, it is 

just as efficient to include many entries as it is to include a few. A number of the courses in SCED will 

be offered by only a few districts; however, when a code and description are needed, they will be 

available. 

Ambiguous Subject Area descriptions. Some courses combine content from more than a single subject 

area, and the assignment of the course to a Subject Area is a judgment call. When SCED is integrated 

into Handbooks Online, users can create their own course lists and assign individual courses to whatever 

Subject Area is appropriate for that list while retaining the original SCED code. 

Additional transcript information. SCED makes it feasible to include detailed course information on 

electronic student transcripts, with standard course descriptions that are widely understood. However, 

there will undoubtedly be additional information about courses and their outcomes that schools and 

districts will want to add to an electronic transcript or other student record. This could include, for 

example, grade assigned for performance in the class or flags identifying courses that meet State high 

school graduation or college admission requirements. 

9
 
 

Treatment of special education courses. There are no course descriptions in SCED that are intended 

solely for students with disabilities, or that indicate that a course has been modified for these students. 

When this information is appropriate, users will need to add an element in order to note that a course is 

adapted to meet the individual needs stated in a student’s Individual Education Programs (IEP). 

Treatment of AP and IB courses. Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) 

courses are assigned individual codes in SCED, rather than being identified by the Level element. This 

is because the College Board and International Baccalaureate Organization define the content and set the 

performance standards for AP and IB courses. Unlike “honors” or “advanced” classifications, a course’s 

designation as IB or AP is not at the discretion of the school or district using SCED. 

Treatment of foreign language courses. Obviously, SCED does not include every language other than 

English that could be taught in secondary schools. The languages for which there are course descriptions 

were those most likely to be found in the high school course catalogs reviewed for the development of 

SCED. For each language, there are five course descriptions that progress from introductory to higher 

levels of fluency; separate course descriptions for native speakers, field experience, study of 

conversation and culture, and the language’s literature; and two courses preparing the student for the IB 

level A and level B examinations, respectively. 

Miscellaneous subject area. This set includes courses that can not be assigned to any of the other subject 

areas. Miscellaneous courses often include activities or skills that are applicable to a range of topics: 

standardized test preparation (22001) or study hall (22006) are examples of this. Other miscellaneous 

courses, such as family living (22208) or community service (22104) address what may be perceived as 

important but non-academic areas. 

10
 
 

Chapter 3. SCED Subject Areas 

Exhibit 2 identifies the 22 Subject Areas contained in SCED. In addition to the Subject Area, each 

course code includes a 3-digit identifier that distinguishes the course from others within the Subject 

Area. Appendix B is a numeric listing of SCED courses, with their titles. 

Exhibit 2. Secondary subject areas and codes in the SCED 

Subject area Code 

English Language and Literature (secondary) 01 

Mathematics (secondary) 02 

Life and Physical Sciences (secondary) 03 

Social Sciences and History (secondary) 04 

Fine and Performing Arts (secondary) 05 

Foreign Language and Literature (secondary) 06 

Religious Education and Theology (secondary) 07 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education (secondary) 08 

Military Science (secondary) 09 

Computer and Information Sciences (secondary) 10 

Communications and Audio/Visual Technology (secondary) 11 

Business and Marketing (secondary) 12 

Manufacturing (secondary) 13 

Health Care Sciences (secondary) 14 

Public, Protective, and Government Service (secondary) 15 

Hospitality and Tourism (secondary) 16 

Architecture and Construction (secondary) 17 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (secondary) 18 

Human Services (secondary) 19 

Transportation, Distribution and Logistics (secondary) 20 

Engineering and Technology (secondary) 21 

Miscellaneous (secondary) 22 

The remainder of this chapter presents the 5-digit course description code, title, and a brief description 

of each course included in SCED. 

11 
 

Subject Area 1: English Language and Literature (secondary) 

Comprehensive Language Arts 

01001 English/Language Arts I (9th grade) 

English/Language Arts I (9th grade) courses build upon students’ prior knowledge of grammar, 

vocabulary, word usage, and the mechanics of writing and usually include the four aspects of language 

use: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Typically, these courses introduce and define various 

genres of literature, with writing exercises often linked to reading selections. 

01002 English/Language Arts II (10th grade) 

English/Language Arts II (10th grade) courses usually offer a balanced focus on composition 

and literature. Typically, students learn about the alternate aims and audiences of written compositions 

by writing persuasive, critical, and creative multi-paragraph essays and compositions. Through the study 

of various genres of literature, students can improve their reading rate and comprehension and develop 

the skills to determine the author’s intent and theme and to recognize the techniques used by the author 

to deliver his or her message. 

01003 English/Language Arts III (11th grade) 

English/Language Arts III (11th grade) courses continue to develop students’ writing skills, 

emphasizing clear, logical writing patterns, word choice, and usage, as students write essays and begin 

to learn the techniques of writing research papers. Students continue to read works of literature, which 

often form the backbone of the writing assignments. Literary conventions and stylistic devices may 

receive greater emphasis than in previous courses. 

01004 English/Language Arts IV (12th grade) 

English/Language Arts IV (12th grade) courses blend composition and literature into a cohesive 

whole as students write critical and comparative analyses of selected literature, continuing to develop 

their language arts skills. Typically, students primarily write multi-paragraph essays, but they may also 

write one or more major research papers. 

01005 AP English Language and Composition 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level English 

courses, AP English Language and Composition courses expose students to prose written in a variety of 

periods, disciplines, and rhetorical contexts. These courses emphasize the interaction of authorial 

purpose, intended audience, and the subject at hand, and through them, students learn to develop 

stylistic flexibility as they write compositions covering a variety of subjects that are intended for various 

purposes. 

12
 
 

01006 AP English Literature and Composition 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level English 

courses, AP English Literature and Composition courses enable students to develop critical standards for 

evaluating literature. Students study the language, character, action, and theme in works of recognized 

literary merit; enrich their understanding of connotation, metaphor, irony, syntax, and tone; and write 

compositions of their own (including literary analysis, exposition, argument, narrative, and creative 

writing). 

01007 IB Language A (English) 

IB Language A (English) courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes in-depth study of 

literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors and written analyses of this literature 

in addition to other oral and written assignments. All course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the English language. 

01008 English as a Second Language 

English as a Second Language (ESL) courses are designed for the rapid mastery of the English 

language, focusing on reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. ESL courses usually begin with 

extensive listening and speaking practice, building on auditory and oral skills, and then move on to 

reading and writing. These courses provide an explanation of basic structures of the English language, 

enabling students to progress from an elementary understanding of English words and verb tenses to a 

more comprehensive grasp of various formal and informal styles and then to advance to “regular” 

English courses. ESL classes may also include an orientation to the customs and culture of the diverse 

population in the United States. 

01009 Language Arts Laboratory 

Language Arts Laboratory courses provide instruction in basic language skills, integrating 

reading, writing, speaking, and listening, while placing great emphasis on the progress of individual 

students. Course content depends upon students’ abilities and may include vocabulary building, 

improving spelling and grammar, developing writing and composition skills, reading silently or aloud, 

and improving listening and comprehension abilities. 

Literature/Reading 

01051 English/Literature (freshmen and sophomores) 

English/Literature (freshmen and sophomores) courses are designed for freshmen and/or 

sophomores and typically introduce them to two or more genres of literature (novel, short story, poetry, 

and so on). Exploration of each genre’s literary elements; determination of theme and intent; and 

examination of vocabulary and semantics are often included in the course content. Writing assignments 

are required as an additional method to improve understanding and comprehension. 

13
 
 

01052 English/Literature (juniors and seniors) 

English/Literature (juniors and seniors) courses are designed for juniors and/or seniors and 

emphasize comprehension, discernment, and critical-thinking skills in the reading of texts and literature. 

These courses introduce and explore more advanced literary techniques (irony, satire, humor, 

connotation, tone, rhythm, symbolism, and so on) through two or more literary genres, with the aim of 

creating sophisticated readers. Writing assignments are required as an additional method to develop and 

improve critical-thinking and analytic skills. 

01053 Literature 

Literature courses offer the opportunity for students to study and reflect upon the themes 

presented in the body of literature being presented. Students improve their critical-thinking skills as they 

determine the underlying assumptions and values within the reading selection and as they understand 

how the work reflects society’s problems and culture. Oral discussion is an integral part of literature 

courses, and written compositions are often required. Literature courses may survey representative 

works, reflect a particular genre or a specific theme, or survey works of a particular time or people. 

01054 American Literature 

American Literature courses focus upon commonly known American authors and their work. 

Students improve their critical-thinking skills as they determine the underlying assumptions and values 

within the selected works and as they understand how the literature reflects the society of the time. Oral 

discussion is an integral part of literature courses, and written compositions are often required. 

01055 American Literature/History 

American Literature/History courses integrate the study of American literature with an overview 

of U.S. history. These courses may also include other aspects of American culture, such as art or music. 

A two-year sequence or two-period per day class may be required to cover the same objectives as would 

be covered separately in U.S. History Overview and American Literature. 

01056 British Literature 

British Literature courses may provide a survey of British literature or may focus on a selected 

timeframe of England’s history. Students improve their critical-thinking skills as they determine the 

underlying assumptions and values within the selected works and as they understand how the literature 

reflects the society of the time. Oral discussion is an integral part of literature courses, and written 

compositions are often required. 

01057 British Literature/History 

British Literature/History courses integrate the study of British literature with an overview of the 

history of England. These courses may also include other aspects of British culture, such as art or music. 

A two-year sequence or two-period per day class may be required to cover the same objectives as would 

be covered separately in English History Overview and British Literature. 

14
 
 

01058 World Literature 

World Literature courses use representative literature selections from ancient and/or modern 

times from countries around the world. Students improve their critical-thinking skills as they 

comprehend the diversity of literary traditions and the influences of those traditions. Oral discussion is 

an integral part of literature courses, and written compositions are often required. 

01059 Biblical Literature 

Biblical Literature courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ 

language arts and critical-thinking skills), focusing on the books of the Bible. Students may compare 

techniques, styles, and themes of the various books; examine the Bible’s influence on secular literature; 

and may study historical events of Biblical times. Oral discussion is an integral part of these courses, 

and written compositions are often required. 

01060 Literature of an Author 

These courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ language 

arts and critical-thinking skills), focusing on a particular author and his or her work. Students determine 

the underlying assumptions and values within the selected works; compare techniques, styles, and 

themes of the author; and reflect upon the time period in which the author lived. Oral discussion is an 

integral part of literature courses, and written compositions are often required. 

01061 Literature of a Genre 

These courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ language 

arts and critical-thinking skills), focusing on one or several genres, such as poetry, essay, biography, 

short story, drama, and so on. Students determine the underlying assumptions and values within the 

selected works and also examine the structure, techniques, and intentions of the genre being studied. 

Oral discussion is an integral part of these genre-oriented courses, and written compositions are often 

required. 

01062 Literature of a Period 

These courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ language 

arts and critical-thinking skills), focusing on the literature written during or reflecting a particular time 

period (such as the French Revolution, the 1960s, or the 20th century). Students determine the 

underlying assumptions and values within the selected works, reflect upon the influence of societal 

events and social attitudes, and compare the points of view of various authors. Oral discussion is an 

integral part of literature courses, and written compositions are often required. 

01063 Literature of a Place 

These courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ language 

arts and critical-thinking skills), focusing on a particular geographic region. Students determine the 

underlying assumptions and values within the selected works; study how the literature reflects the land, 

society, and history of the region; and may study the influence of this literature on others. Oral 

discussion is an integral part of literature courses, and written compositions are often required. 

15
 
 

01064 Literature of a People 

These courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ language 

arts and critical-thinking skills), but use literature written by authors who share a particular 

characteristic such as religion, culture, or gender. Students determine the underlying assumptions and 

values within the selected works, reflect upon the influence of a common characteristic, and compare 

the points of view of various authors. Oral discussion is an integral part of literature courses, and written 

compositions are often required. 

01065 Literature of a Theme 

These courses have the same aim as general literature courses (to improve students’ language 

arts and critical-thinking skills), but use selected literature to explore a particular theme as expressed 

from several points of view. Such themes might include The American Dream, Society and Self, 

Exploration, War and Peace, and the like. 

01066 Strategic Reading 

Strategic Reading courses are intended to improve a student’s vocabulary, critical-thinking and 

analysis skills, or reading rate and comprehension level. Although these courses typically emphasize 

works of fiction, they may also include works of nonfiction (including textbooks). Strategic Reading 

courses often have a time-management focus, offering strategies for note-taking or for understanding 

and evaluating the important points of a text. 

01067 Assisted Reading 

Assisted Reading courses offer students the opportunity to focus on their reading skills. 

Assistance is targeted to students’ particular weaknesses and is designed to bring students’ reading 

comprehension up to the desired level or to develop strategies to read more efficiently. 

01068 Corrective Reading 

Corrective Reading courses offer diagnostic and remedial activities designed to correct reading 

difficulties and habits that interfere with students’ progress in developing reading skills and 

understandings. Activities are chosen to increase or improve students’ reading comprehension, reading 

technique, and general literacy skills. 

01097 Literature—Independent Study 

Courses in Literature—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to literature. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater 

detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

16
 
 

01098 Literature—Workplace Experience 

Literature—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to English 

literature. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students 

are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further 

study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

01099 Literature—Other 

Composition/Writing 

01101 English/Composition (freshmen and sophomores) 

English/Composition (freshmen and sophomores) courses are designed for freshmen and/or 

sophomores and build upon previous writing skills. These courses seek to develop the writing processes 

and practices necessary for producing successful high school compositions. Students typically learn to 

write persuasive, critical, and creative multi-paragraph essays and compositions. While emphasizing 

composition, these courses may also incorporate some literature study to expose students to exemplary 

illustrations of various forms of writing. 

01102 English/Composition (juniors and seniors) 

English/Composition (juniors and seniors) courses are designed for juniors and/or seniors and 

build upon previous writing skills. Reinforcing the logic and critical-thinking skills that accompany 

good writing, these courses—which emphasize word choice, usage, and writing mechanics—provide 

continued and advanced instruction in writing for a variety of purposes and audiences. 

English/Composition (juniors and seniors) courses may emphasize college or business preparation; 

literature study may be offered as an additional component in which students analyze examples of 

several genres. 

01103 Composition 

Composition courses focus on students’ writing skills and develop their ability to compose 

different types of papers for a range of purposes and audiences. These courses enable students to explore 

and practice descriptive, narrative, persuasive, or expositive styles as they write paragraphs, essays, 

letters, applications, formal documented papers, or technical reports. Although composition courses may 

present some opportunities for creative writing, their focus usually remains on nonfiction, scholarly, or 

formal writing. 

01104 Creative Writing 

Creative Writing courses offer students the opportunity to develop and improve their technique 

and individual style in poetry, short story, drama, essays, and other forms of prose. The emphasis of the 

courses is on writing; however, students may study exemplary representations and authors to obtain a 

fuller appreciation of the form and craft. Although most creative writing classes cover several 

expressive forms, others concentrate exclusively on one particular form (such as poetry or playwriting). 

17
 
 

01105 Research/Technical Writing 

Research/Technical Writing classes prepare students to write research papers and/or technical 

reports. These classes emphasize researching (primary and secondary sources), organizing (material, 

thoughts, and arguments), and writing in a persuasive or technical style. 

01147 Composition—Independent Study 

Composition—Independent study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, allow students to 

explore particular topics within the field of language arts (emphasizing composition). Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

01148 Composition—Workplace Experience 

Composition—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

English composition. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

01149 Composition—Other 

Speech and Communication 

01151 Public Speaking 

Public Speaking courses enable students, through practice, to develop communication skills that 

can be used in a variety of speaking situations (such as small and large group discussions, delivery of 

lectures or speeches in front of audiences, and so on). Course topics may include (but are not limited to) 

research and organization, writing for verbal delivery, stylistic choices, visual and presentation skills, 

analysis and critique, and development of self-confidence. 

01152 Forensic Speech—Inclusive 

Forensic Speech—Inclusive courses offer students the opportunity to learn how to use oral skills 

effectively in formal and informal situations. Students learn such skills as logic and reasoning, the 

organization of thought and supporting materials, and effective presentation of one’s voice and body. 

Often linked to an extracurricular program, these courses introduce students to numerous public 

speaking situations, and they learn the methods, aims, and styles of a variety of events (e.g., formal 

debate, Lincoln-Douglas debate, expository speaking, radio broadcast, oral interpretation, and dramatic 

interpretation). Participation in competition is encouraged, but not always required. 

18
 
 

01153 Forensic Speech—Debate 

Forensic Speech—Debate courses offer students the opportunity to learn how to use oral skills in 

formal and informal situations. In these courses, students are able to develop such skills as logic and 

reasoning, research and analysis, organization of thought and supporting materials, argumentative style 

and skill, and effective presentation of one’s voice and body. Often linked to an extracurricular program, 

these courses introduce students to the methods, aims, and styles used in various kinds of debates 

(formal debate or Lincoln-Douglas). Participation in competition is encouraged, but not always required. 

01154 Forensic Speech—Individual Event 

Forensic Speech—Individual Event courses offer students the opportunity to learn how to use 

oral skills in formal and informal situations. Topics included depend upon the event(s) being taught, but 

they usually emphasize effective presentation of one’s voice and body, thoughtful understanding and 

interpretation of literature, logic and reasoning, and the organization of thought and supporting 

materials. Often linked to an extracurricular program, these courses introduce students to one or several 

individual event categories (e.g., exposition, oral interpretation, dramatic interpretation, and radio 

broadcast). Participation in competition is encouraged, but not always required. 

01155 Communications 

Communications courses focus on the application of written and oral communication skills 

through a variety of formal and informal experiences. The courses are performance-based and 

emphasize effective interpersonal and team-building skills. Communications courses may also involve 

the study of how interpersonal communications are affected by stereotypes, nonverbal cues, vocabulary, 

and stylistic choices. 

01156 Applied English and Communications 

Applied English and Communications courses teach students communication skills—reading, 

writing, listening, speaking—concentrating on “real-world” applications. These courses usually 

emphasize the practical application of communication as a business tool—using technical reports and 

manuals, business letters, resumes, and applications as examples—rather than emphasize language arts 

skills as applied to scholarly and literary materials. 

01197 Speech—Independent Study 

English Language and Literature—Independent study courses, often conducted with instructors 

as mentors, allow students to explore particular topics within the field of language arts (emphasizing 

speech). Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in 

a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

19
 
 

01198 Speech—Workplace Experience 

Speech—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to public 

speaking and speech. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

01199 Speech—Other 

Linguistics 

01201 English Morphology and Grammar 

English Morphology and Grammar courses involve the study of the English language—its roots 

and derivations, structure and sentence patterns, dialects, writing and spelling systems, and uses as a 

communication tool. 

01202 History of the English Language 

History of the English Language courses trace the development of English, concentrating on 

historical and cultural influences and how the language has changed over time. Although language roots, 

structures, and dialects may be examined, the emphasis remains on the process of language development 

rather than on morphology. 

01203 English—Test Preparation 

English—Test preparation courses provide students with activities in analytical thinking and 

with the skills and strategies associated with standardized test taking. Topics covered include 

vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing strategies, as well as time management, scoring 

procedures, and dealing with stress. Course materials may include ACT, SAT and PSAT review 

materials, current assessment software programs, and previous standardized examinations. 

All Others 

01992 English Proficiency Development 

English Proficiency Development courses are designed to assist students in acquiring the skills 

necessary to pass proficiency examinations. 

01995 English Language and Literature—Aide 

English Language and Literature—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

20
 
 

01997 English Language and Literature—Independent Study 

English Language and Literature—Independent study courses, often conducted with instructors 

as mentors, allow students to explore particular topics within the field of language arts. Independent 

Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular 

application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

01998 English Language and Literature—Workplace Experience 

English Language and Literature—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to English language or literature. Goals are typically set cooperatively by 

the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

01999 English Language and Literature—Other 

21
 
 

Subject Area 2: Mathematics (secondary) 

Foundation Mathematics 

02001 Informal Mathematics 

Informal Mathematics courses emphasize the teaching of mathematics as problem solving, 

communication, and reasoning, and highlight the connections among mathematical topics and between 

mathematics and other disciplines. These courses approach the teaching of general math, pre-algebra, 

and pre-geometry topics by applying numbers, and algebraic and geometric concepts and relationships 

to real world problems. 

02002 General Math 

General Math courses reinforce and expand students' foundational math skills, such as arithmetic 

operations using rational numbers; area, perimeter, and volume of geometric figures, congruence and 

similarity, angle relationships, the Pythagorean theorem, the rectangular coordinate system, sets and 

logic, ratio and proportion, estimation, formulas, solving and graphing simple equations and 

inequalities. 

02003 Particular Topics in Foundation Math 

These courses examine particular topics in Foundation math, such as arithmetic or basic 

conceptual skills, rather than provide a general overview. 

02047 Foundation Math—Independent Study 

 Foundation Math—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to foundation mathematics. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

02049 Foundation Math—Other 

Pure Mathematics 

02051 Pre-Algebra 

Pre-Algebra courses increase students' foundational math skills and prepare them for Algebra I 

by covering a variety of topics, such as properties of rational numbers (i.e., number theory), ratio, 

proportion, estimation, exponents and radicals, the rectangular coordinate system, sets and logic, 

formulas, and solving first-degree equations and inequalities. 

22
 
 

02052 Algebra I 

Algebra I courses include the study of properties and operations of the real number system; 

evaluating rational algebraic expressions; solving and graphing first degree equations and inequalities; 

translating word problems into equations; operations with and factoring of polynomials; and solving 

simple quadratic equations. 

02053 Algebra I—Part 1 

The first part in a multi-part sequence of Algebra I. This course generally covers the same topics 

as the first semester of Algebra I, including the study of properties of rational numbers (i.e., number 

theory), ratio, proportion, and estimation, exponents and radicals, the rectangular coordinate system, sets 

and logic, formulas, and solving first degree equations and inequalities. 

02054 Algebra I—Part 2 

The second part in a multi-part sequence of Algebra I. This course generally covers the same 

topics as the second semester of Algebra I, including the study of properties of the real number system 

and operations, evaluating rational algebraic expressions, solving and graphing first degree equations 

and inequalities, translating word problems into equations, operations with and factoring of 

polynomials, and solving simple quadratics. 

02055 Transition Algebra 

 Transition Algebra courses review and extend algebra and geometry concepts for students who 

have already taken Algebra I and Geometry. Transition Algebra courses include a review of such topics 

as properties and operations of real numbers; evaluation of rational algebraic expressions; solutions and 

graphs of first degree equations and inequalities; translation of word problems into equations; operations 

with and factoring of polynomials; simple quadratics; properties of plane and solid figures; rules of 

congruence and similarity; coordinate geometry including lines, segments, and circles in the coordinate 

plane; and angle measurement in triangles including trigonometric ratios. 

02056 Algebra II 

Algebra II course topics typically include field properties and theorems; set theory; operations 

with rational and irrational expressions; factoring of rational expressions; in-depth study of linear 

equations and inequalities; quadratic equations; solving systems of linear and quadratic equations; 

graphing of constant, linear, and quadratic equations; properties of higher degree equations; and 

operations with rational and irrational exponents. 

02057 Algebra III 

Algebra III courses review and extend algebraic concepts for students who have already taken 

Algebra II. Course topics include (but are not limited to) operations with rational and irrational 

expressions, factoring of rational expressions, linear equations and inequalities, quadratic equations, 

solving systems of linear and quadratic equations, properties of higher degree equations, and operations 

with rational and irrational exponents. The courses may introduce topics in discrete math, elementary 

probability and statistics; matrices and determinants; and sequences and series. 

23
 
 

02058 Particular Topics in Algebra 

These courses examine a specific topic in algebra, such as linear equations or rational numbers, 

rather than provide an overview of algebra concepts. 

02061 Integrated Math—multi-year equivalent 

Integrated Math courses emphasize the teaching of mathematics as problem solving, 

communication, and reasoning, and emphasize the connections among mathematical topics and between 

mathematics and other disciplines. The multi-period sequence of Integrated Math replaces the traditional 

Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II sequence of courses, and usually covers the following topics during a 

three- or four-year sequence: algebra, functions, geometry from both a synthetic and an algebraic 

perspective, trigonometry, statistics and probability, discrete mathematics, the conceptual underpinnings 

of calculus, and mathematical structure. 

02069 Algebra—Other 

02071 Informal Geometry 

Informal Geometry courses emphasize a practical approach to the study of geometry and deemphasize an abstract, formal approach. Topics typically include properties of and work with plane and 

solid figures; inductive methods of reasoning and use of logic; concepts of congruence, similarity, 

parallelism, perpendicularity, and proportion; and rules of angle measurement in triangles. 

02072 Geometry 

Geometry courses, emphasizing an abstract, formal approach to the study of geometry, typically 

include topics such as properties of plane and solid figures; deductive methods of reasoning and use of 

logic; geometry as an axiomatic system including the study of postulates, theorems, and formal proofs; 

concepts of congruence, similarity, parallelism, perpendicularity, and proportion; and rules of angle 

measurement in triangles. 

02073 Analytic Geometry 

Analytic Geometry courses include the study of the nature and intersection of lines and planes in 

space, including vectors, the polar coordinate system, equations and graphs of conic sections, rotations 

and transformations, and parametric equations. 

02074 Principles of Algebra and Geometry 

Principles of Algebra and Geometry courses combine the study of some pre-algebra and algebra 

topics with introductory geometry topics. These courses include the study of formulas, algebraic 

expressions, first degree equations and inequalities, the rectangular coordinate system, area, perimeter, 

and volume of geometric figures, and properties of triangles and circles. 

24
 
 

02075 Particular Topics in Geometry 

These courses examine specific topics in geometry, such as solid or technical geometry, rather 

than provide a general study of the field of geometry. 

02079 Geometry—Other 

02101 Number Theory 

Number Theory courses review the properties and uses of integers and prime numbers, and 

extend this information to congruences and divisibility. 

02102 Discrete Mathematics 

Discrete Mathematics courses include the study of topics such as number theory, discrete 

probability, set theory, symbolic logic, Boolean algebra, combinatorics, recursion, basic algebraic 

structures and graph theory. 

02103 Trigonometry 

Trigonometry courses prepare students for eventual work in calculus and typically include the 

following topics: trigonometric and circular functions; their inverses and graphs; relations among the 

parts of a triangle; trigonometric identities and equations; solutions of right and oblique triangles; and 

complex numbers. 

02104 Math Analysis 

Math Analysis courses include the study of polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and rational 

functions and their graphs; vectors; set theory; Boolean algebra and symbolic logic; mathematical 

induction; matrix algebra; sequences and series; and limits and continuity. They may also include some 

study of trigonometry and/or pre-calculus topics. 

02105 Trigonometry/Math Analysis 

Covering topics of both Trigonometry and Math Analysis, these courses prepare students for 

eventual work in calculus. Topics typically include the study of right trigonometric and circular 

functions, inverses, and graphs; trigonometric identities and equations; solutions of right and oblique 

triangles; complex numbers; numerical tables; polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and rational 

functions and their graphs; vectors; set theory; Boolean algebra and symbolic logic; mathematical 

induction; matrix algebra; sequences and series; and limits and continuity. 

25
 
 

02106 Trigonometry/Algebra 

Trigonometry/Algebra courses combine trigonometry and advanced algebra topics, and are 

usually intended for students who have attained Algebra I and Geometry objectives. Topics typically 

include right trigonometric and circular functions, inverses, and graphs; trigonometric identities and 

equations; solutions of right and oblique triangles; complex numbers; numerical tables; field properties 

and theorems; set theory; operations with rational and irrational expressions; factoring of rational 

expressions; in-depth study of linear equations and inequalities; quadratic equations; solving systems of 

linear and quadratic equations; graphing of constant, linear, and quadratic equations; and properties of 

higher degree equations. 

02107 Trigonometry/Analytic Geometry 

Covering topics of both Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry, these courses prepare students for 

eventual work in calculus. Topics typically include the study of right trigonometric and circular 

functions, inverses, and graphs; trigonometric identities and equations; solutions of right and oblique 

triangles; complex numbers; numerical tables; vectors; the polar coordinate system; equations and 

graphs of conic sections; rotations and transformations; and parametric equations. 

02108 Math Analysis/Analytic Geometry 

Covering topics from both Math Analysis and Analytic Geometry, these courses prepare students 

for eventual work in calculus. Topics include the study of polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and 

rational functions and their graphs; vectors; set theory; Boolean algebra and symbolic logic; 

mathematical induction; matrix algebra; sequences and series; and limits and continuity; the polar 

coordinate system; equations and graphs of conic sections; rotations and transformations; and parametric 

equations. 

02109 Elementary Functions 

Elementary Functions courses, while preparing students for eventual work in calculus, include 

the study of relations and functions, including polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, rational, right 

trigonometric, and circular functions, and their inverses, graphs, and applications. 

02110 Pre-Calculus 

Pre-Calculus courses combine the study of Trigonometry, Elementary Functions, Analytic 

Geometry, and Math Analysis topics as preparation for calculus. Topics typically include the study of 

complex numbers; polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, rational, right trigonometric, and circular 

functions, and their relations, inverses and graphs; trigonometric identities and equations; solutions of 

right and oblique triangles; vectors; the polar coordinate system; conic sections; Boolean algebra and 

symbolic logic; mathematical induction; matrix algebra; sequences and series; and limits and continuity. 

02111 Linear Algebra 

Linear Algebra courses include a study of matrices, vectors, tensors, and linear transformations 

and are typically intended for students who have attained pre-calculus objectives. 

26
 
 

02112 Linear Programming 

Linear Programming courses include a study of mathematical modeling and the simplex method 

to solve linear inequalities and are typically intended for students who have attained pre-calculus 

objectives. 

02113 Abstract Algebra 

Abstract Algebra courses include a study of the properties of the number system from an abstract 

perspective, including such topics as number fields (i.e., rational, real, and complex numbers), integral 

domains, rings, groups, polynomials, and the fundamental theorem of algebra. Abstract Algebra is 

typically geared towards students who have attained pre-calculus objectives. 

02121 Calculus 

Calculus courses include the study of derivatives, differentiation, integration, the definite and 

indefinite integral, and applications of calculus. Typically, students have previously attained knowledge 

of pre-calculus topics (some combination of trigonometry, elementary functions, analytic geometry, and 

math analysis). 

02122 Multivariate Calculus 

Multivariate Calculus courses include the study of hyperbolic functions, improper integrals, 

directional directives, and multiple integration and its applications. 

02123 Differential Calculus 

 Differential Calculus courses include the study of elementary differential equations including 

first- and higher-order differential equations, partial differential equations, linear equations, systems of 

linear equations, transformations, series solutions, numerical methods, boundary value problems, and 

existence theorems. 

02124 AP Calculus AB 

Following the College Board's suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level calculus 

courses, AP Calculus AB provides students with an intuitive understanding of the concepts of calculus 

and experience with its methods and applications. These courses introduce calculus and include the 

following topics: elementary functions; properties of functions and their graphs; limits and continuity; 

differential calculus (including definition of the derivative, derivative formulas, theorems about 

derivatives, geometric applications, optimization problems, and rate-of-change problems); and integral 

calculus (including antiderivatives and the definite integral). 

27
 
 

02125 AP Calculus BC 

Following the College Board's suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level calculus 

courses, AP Calculus BC courses provide students with an intuitive understanding of the concepts of 

calculus and experience with its methods and applications, and also require additional knowledge of the 

theoretical tools of calculus. These courses assume a thorough knowledge of elementary functions, and 

cover all of the calculus topics in AP Calculus AB as well as the following topics: vector functions, 

parametric equations, and polar coordinates; rigorous definitions of finite and nonexistent limits; 

derivatives of vector functions and parametrically defined functions; advanced techniques of integration 

and advanced applications of the definite integral; and sequences and series. 

02126 Particular Topics in Calculus 

These courses examine specific topics in calculus (such as integral calculus, special functions or 

series, or the applications of calculus to mathematical modeling), rather than provide a general overview 

of calculus. 

02131 IB Mathematical Studies 

IB Mathematical Studies courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Mathematical Studies exam at the Subsidiary or Higher level. Intended to provide students with the 

skills to cope with the mathematical demands of a technological society, course topics include linear, 

quadratic, and exponential functions, solutions, and graphs; skills in computation, estimation, and 

development of algorithms; data analysis, including collection, calculation, and presentation of statistics; 

set operations and logic; business techniques, including progressions and linear programming; and 

geometry and trigonometry. 

02132 IB Mathematics 

IB Mathematics courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Mathematics 

exams at the Subsidiary or Higher level. Topics include operations and properties of number sets; 

trigonometric functions, equations, and graphs; algebra and coordinate geometry; simultaneous linear 

equations; polynomial and quadratic functions and equations; calculus, including bilinear, exponential 

and logarithmic functions; two dimensional vectors and matrices; and probability. 

02133 IB Mathematics and Computing—SL 

IB Mathematics and Computing—SL courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Mathematics and Computing exam at the Subsidiary level. Designed to give students a 

working knowledge of a high level programming language and sound mathematical training, course 

topics include operations and properties of number sets; trigonometric functions, equations, and graphs; 

algebra and coordinate geometry, including simultaneous linear equations, binomial theorem, and 

polynomial and quadratic functions and equations; calculus; vectors and matrices; and numerical 

analysis. The courses also contain components on computer problem solving and programming; topics 

regarding computer hardware, software, modes of operation, and data types and structures. 

28
 
 

02134 IB Further Mathematics—SL 

IB Further Mathematics—SL courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Further Mathematics at the Subsidiary level. Designed to advance students knowledge of IB 

mathematics—HL, course topics include geometry; statistics and probability; sets, relations and groups; 

series and differential equations; and discrete mathematics. 

02141 Particular Topics in Analytic Mathematics 

These courses examine particular topics in analytic mathematics (such as mathematical proofs 

and structures or numerical analysis), not otherwise described above. 

02149 Analytic Mathematics—Other 

Applied Mathematics 

02151 General Applied Math 

General Applied Math courses reinforce general math skills, extend these skills to include some 

pre-algebra and algebra topics, and use these skills in a variety of practical, consumer, business, and 

occupational applications. Course topics typically include rational numbers, measurement, basic 

statistics, ratio and proportion, basic geometry, formulas, and simple equations. 

02152 Occupationally Applied Math 

Occupationally Applied Math courses reinforce general math skills, extend these skills to include 

some pre-algebra and algebra topics, and use these skills primarily in occupational applications. Course 

topics typically include rational numbers, measurement, basic statistics, ratio and proportion, basic 

geometry, formulas, and simple equations. 

02153 Technical Math 

Technical Math courses extend students' proficiency in mathematics, and often apply these skills 

to technical and/or industrial situations and problems. Technical Math topics may include but are not 

limited to rational numbers, systems of measurements, tolerances, numerical languages, geometry, 

algebra, statistics, and using tables, graphs, charts, and other data displays. Technology is integrated as 

appropriate. 

02154 Business Math 

Business Math courses reinforce general math skills, emphasize speed and accuracy in 

computations, and use these skills in a variety of business applications. Business Math courses reinforce 

general math topics (e.g., arithmetic, measurement, statistics, ratio and proportion, exponents, formulas, 

and simple equations) by applying these skills to business problems and situations; applications might 

include wages, hourly rates, payroll deductions, sales, receipts, accounts payable and receivable, 

financial reports, discounts, and interest. 

29
 
 

02155 Business Math with Algebra 

Business Math with Algebra courses teach and have students apply algebra concepts to a variety 

of business and financial situations. Applications usually include income, insurance, credit, banking, 

taxation, stocks and bonds, and finance. 

02156 Computer Math with Algebra 

Intended for students who have attained the objectives of Algebra I, Computer Math—Algebra I 

level courses include a study of computer systems and programming, and use the computer to solve 

math problems. 

02157 Consumer Math 

Consumer Math courses reinforce general math topics (such as arithmetic using rational 

numbers, measurement, ratio and proportion, and basic statistics) and apply these skills to consumer 

problems and situations. Applications typically include budgeting, taxation, credit, banking services, 

insurance, buying and selling products and services, home and/or car ownership and rental, managing 

personal income, and investment. 

Probability and Statistics 

02201 Probability and Statistics 

 Probability and Statistics courses introduce the study of likely events and the analysis, 

interpretation, and presentation of quantitative data. Course topics generally include basic probability 

and statistics: discrete probability theory, odds and probabilities, probability trees, populations and 

samples, frequency tables, measures of central tendency, and presentation of data (including graphs). 

Course topics may also include normal distribution and measures of variability. 

02202 Inferential Probability and Statistics 

Probability and Statistics courses focus on descriptive statistics, with an introduction to 

inferential statistics. Topics typically include event probability, normal probability distribution, 

collection and description of data, frequency tables and graphs, measures of central tendency and 

variability, random variables, and random sampling. Course topics may also include covariance and 

correlation, central limit theorem, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. 

02203 AP Statistics 

Following the College Board's suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level statistics 

courses, AP Statistics courses introduce students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, 

analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Students are exposed to four broad conceptual themes: 

exploring data, sampling and experimentation, anticipating patterns, and statistical inference. 

30
 
 

 

02204 Particular Topics in Probability and Statistics 

These courses examine particular topics in Probability and Statistics, such as regression or 

hierarchical linear modeling, rather than provide a general overview. 

02207 Probability and Statistics—Independent Study 

 Probability and Statistics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore mathematics topics of interest. These courses may be offered in 

conjunction with other rigorous math courses, or may serve as an opportunity to explore a topic of 

special interest. They may also serve as an opportunity to study for AP exams if the school does not 

offer specific courses for that endeavor. 

02209 Probability and Statistics—Other 

Other Mathematics 

02991 History of Math 

History of Math courses include a study of the historical development of numbers, computation, 

algebra, and geometry. Figures critical to the development of mathematics (e.g., Pythagoras, Pascal, 

Descartes) or important developments (e.g., pi, decimal fractions, probability theory, calculus) often 

form the backbone of these classes. 

02993 Mathematics—Test Preparation 

Mathematics—Test Preparation courses provide students with activities in analytical thinking 

and with the skills and strategies associated with standardized test taking (such as the PSAT, SAT, and 

ACT). Topics covered include strategies for arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and quantitative comparison 

problems as well as time management, scoring procedures and calculator usage. 

02994 Mathematics Proficiency Development 

Mathematics Proficiency Development courses are designed to assist students in acquiring the 

skills necessary to pass proficiency examinations. 

02995 Mathematics—Aide 

Mathematics—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in preparing, 

organizing, or delivering course materials. Students may provide tutorial or instructional assistance to 

other students. 

31
 
 

02997 Mathematics—Independent Study 

Mathematics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to mathematics. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater 

detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

02998 Mathematics—Workplace Experience 

Mathematics—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a field 

related to mathematics. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

02999 Mathematics—Other 

32
 
 

Subject Area 3: Life and Physical Sciences (secondary) 

Earth Science 

03001 Earth Science 

Earth Science courses offer insight into the environment on earth and the earth’s environment in 

space. While presenting the concepts and principles essential to students’ understanding of the dynamics 

and history of the earth, these courses usually explore oceanography, geology, astronomy, meteorology, 

and geography. 

03002 Geology 

Geology courses provide an in-depth study of the forces that formed and continue to affect the 

earth’s surface. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and erosion are examples of topics that are presented. 

03003 Environmental Science 

Environmental Science courses examine the mutual relationships between organisms and their 

environment. In studying the interrelationships among plants, animals, and humans, these courses 

usually cover the following subjects: photosynthesis, recycling and regeneration, ecosystems, population 

and growth studies, pollution, and conservation of natural resources. 

03004 Astronomy 

Astronomy courses offer students the opportunity to study the solar system, stars, galaxies, and 

interstellar bodies. These courses usually introduce and use astronomic instruments and typically 

explore theories regarding the origin and evolution of the universe, space, and time. 

03005 Marine Science 

Courses in Marine Science focus on the content, features, and possibilities of the earth’s oceans. 

They explore marine organisms, conditions, and ecology and sometimes cover marine mining, farming, 

and exploration. 

03006 Meteorology 

Meteorology courses examine the properties of the earth’s atmosphere. Topics usually include 

atmospheric layering, changing pressures, winds, water vapor, air masses, fronts, temperature changes 

and weather forecasting. 

03007 Physical Geography 

Physical Geography courses equip students with an understanding of the constraints and 

possibilities that the physical environment places on human development. These courses include 

discussion of the physical landscape through geomorphology and topography, the patterns and processes 

of climate and weather, and natural resources. 

33
 
 

03008 Earth and Space Science 

Earth and Space Science courses introduce students to the study of the earth from a local and 

global perspective. In these courses, students typically learn about time zones, latitude and longitude, 

atmosphere, weather, climate, matter, and energy transfer. Advanced topics often include the study of 

the use of remote sensing, computer visualization, and computer modeling to enable earth scientists to 

understand earth as a complex and changing planet. 

03047 Earth Science—Independent Study 

Earth Science—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore scientific topics of interest, using advanced methods of scientific inquiry and 

experimentation. These courses may be offered in conjunction with other rigorous science courses or 

may serve as an opportunity to explore a topic of special interest. 

03048 Earth Science—Workplace Experience 

Earth Science—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

earth science. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

03049 Earth Science—Other 

Biology 

03051 Biology 

Biology courses are designed to provide information regarding the fundamental concepts of life 

and life processes. These courses include (but are not restricted to) such topics as cell structure and 

function, general plant and animal physiology, genetics, and taxonomy. 

03052 Biology—Advanced Studies 

Usually taken after a comprehensive initial study of biology, Biology—Advanced Studies 

courses cover biological systems in more detail. Topics that may be explored include cell organization, 

function, and reproduction; energy transformation; human anatomy and physiology; and the evolution 

and adaptation of organisms. 

03053 Anatomy and Physiology 

Usually taken after a comprehensive initial study of biology, Anatomy and Physiology courses 

present the human body and biological systems in more detail. In order to understand the structure of the 

human body and its functions, students learn anatomical terminology, study cells and tissues, explore 

functional systems (skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, nervous, and so 

on), and may dissect mammals. 

34
 
 

03054 Anatomy 

Anatomy courses present an in-depth study of the human body and biological system. Students 

study such topics as anatomical terminology, cells, and tissues and typically explore functional systems 

such as skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems. 

03055 Physiology 

Physiology courses examine all major systems, tissues, and muscle groups in the human body to 

help students understand how these systems interact and their role in maintaining homeostasis. These 

courses may also cover such topics as cell structure and function, metabolism, and the human life cycle. 

03056 AP Biology 

Adhering to the curricula recommended by the College Board and designed to parallel collegelevel introductory biology courses, AP Biology courses stress basic facts and their synthesis into major 

biological concepts and themes. These courses cover three general areas: molecules and cells (including 

biological chemistry and energy transformation); genetics and evolution; and organisms and populations 

(i.e., taxonomy, plants, animals, and ecology). AP Biology courses include college-level laboratory 

experiments. 

03057 IB Biology 

IB Biology courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Biology exams at 

either the Subsidiary or Higher level. In keeping with the general aim of IB Experimental Sciences 

courses, IB Biology promotes understanding of the facts, principles, and concepts underlying the 

biological field; critical analysis, evaluation, and generation of scientific information and hypotheses; 

improved ability to communicate scientific ideas; and an awareness of the impact of biology and 

scientific advances in biology upon both society and issues of ethical, philosophical, and political 

importance. Course content varies, but includes study of living organisms from the cellular level through 

functioning entities within the biosphere. Laboratory experimentation is an essential component of these 

courses. 

03058 Botany 

Botany courses provide students with an understanding of plants, their life cycles, and their 

evolutionary relationships. 

03059 Genetics 

Genetics courses provide students with an understanding of general concepts concerning genes, 

heredity, and variation of organisms. Course topics typically include chromosomes, the structure of 

DNA and RNA molecules, and dominant and recessive inheritance and may also include lethal alleles, 

epistasis and hypostasis, and polygenic inheritance. 

35
 
 

03060 Microbiology 

Microbiology courses provide students with a general understanding of microbes, prokaryotic 

and euaryotic cells, and the three domain systems. Additional topics covered may include bacterial 

control, cell structure, fungi, protozoa, viruses and immunity, microbial genetics, and metabolism. 

03061 Zoology 

Zoology courses provide students with an understanding of animals, the niche they occupy in 

their environment or habitat, their life cycles, and their evolutionary relationships to other organisms. 

These courses should also help students develop an awareness and understanding of biotic communities. 

03062 Conceptual Biology 

These courses provide students with a basic understanding of living things. Topics covered may 

include ecology and environmental problems such as overpopulation and pollution as well as cells, types 

of organisms, evolutionary behavior, and inheritance. 

03063 Particular Topics in Biology 

Particular Topics in Biology courses concentrate on a particular subtopic within the field of 

biology (such as botany, zoology, genetics, and so on) that is not otherwise described within this 

classification system. 

03097 Biology—Independent Study 

Biology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore scientific topics of interest, using advanced methods of scientific inquiry and 

experimentation. These courses may be offered in conjunction with other rigorous science courses or 

may serve as an opportunity for students to explore a topic of special interest. 

03098 Biology—Workplace Experience 

Biology—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to biology. 

Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not 

necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the 

field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

03099 Biology—Other 

36
 
 

 

Chemistry 

03101 Chemistry 

Chemistry courses involve studying the composition, properties, and reactions of substances. 

These courses typically explore such concepts as the behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases; acid/base 

and oxidation/reduction reactions; and atomic structure. Chemical formulas and equations and nuclear 

reactions are also studied. 

03102 Chemistry—Advanced Studies 

Usually taken after a comprehensive initial study of chemistry, Chemistry—Advanced Studies 

courses cover chemical properties and interactions in more detail. Advanced chemistry topics include 

organic chemistry, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, macromolecules, kinetic theory, and nuclear 

chemistry. 

03103 Organic Chemistry 

Organic Chemistry courses involve the study of organic molecules and functional groups. Topics 

covered may include nomenclature, bonding molecular structure and reactivity, reaction mechanisms, 

and current spectroscopic techniques. 

03104 Physical Chemistry 

Usually taken after completing a calculus course, Physical Chemistry courses cover chemical 

kinetics, quantum mechanics, molecular structure, molecular spectroscopy, and statistical mechanics. 

03105 Conceptual Chemistry 

Conceptual Chemistry courses are practical, nonquantitative chemistry courses designed for 

students who desire an understanding of chemical concepts and applications. 

03106 AP Chemistry 

Following the curricula recommended by the College Board, AP Chemistry courses usually 

follow high school chemistry and second-year algebra. Topics covered may include atomic theory and 

structure; chemical bonding; nuclear chemistry; states of matter; and reactions (stoichiometry, 

equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics). AP Chemistry laboratories are equivalent to those of 

typical college courses. 

37
 
 

03107 IB Chemistry 

IB Chemistry courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Chemistry exams 

at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. In keeping with the general aim of IB Experimental Sciences 

courses, IB Chemistry promotes understanding of the facts, patterns, and principles underlying the field 

of chemistry; critical analysis, evaluation, prediction, and generation of scientific information and 

hypotheses; improved ability to communicate scientific ideas; and an awareness of the impact of 

chemistry and scientific advances in chemistry upon both society and issues of ethical, philosophical, 

and political importance. Course content varies, but includes the study of the materials of the 

environment, their properties, and their interaction. Laboratory experimentation is an essential part of 

these courses. 

03108 Particular Topics in Chemistry 

Particular Topics in Chemistry courses concentrate on a particular subtopic within the field of 

chemistry (such as chromatography and spectrometry) that is not otherwise described in this 

classification system. 

03147 Chemistry—Independent Study 

Chemistry—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore scientific topics of interest, using advanced methods of scientific inquiry and 

experimentation. These courses may be offered in conjunction with other rigorous science courses or 

may serve as an opportunity to explore a topic of special interest. 

03148 Chemistry—Workplace Experience 

Chemistry—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

chemistry. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students 

are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further 

study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

03149 Chemistry—Other 

Physics 

03151 Physics 

Physics courses involve the study of the forces and laws of nature affecting matter, such as 

equilibrium, motion, momentum, and the relationships between matter and energy. The study of physics 

includes examination of sound, light, and magnetic and electric phenomena. 

03152 Physics—Advanced Studies 

Usually taken after a comprehensive initial study of physics, Physics—Advanced Studies 

courses provide instruction in laws of conservation, thermodynamics, and kinetics; wave and particle 

phenomena; electromagnetic fields; and fluid dynamics. 

38
 
 

03153 Principles of Technology 

Principles of Technology courses focus on the study of the forces and laws of nature and their 

application to modern technology. Equilibrium, motion, momentum, energy conversion, 

electromagnetism, and optical phenomena are presented in the context of current, real-world 

applications. Demonstrations, math labs, and applied laboratory experiments are an integral part of the 

Principles of Technology curriculum. These courses enable students to gain a solid foundation for 

careers in electronics, robotics, telecommunications, and other technological fields. 

03155 AP Physics B 

AP Physics B courses are designed by the College Board to parallel college-level physics 

courses that provide a systematic introduction to the main principles of physics and emphasize problemsolving without calculus. Course content includes mechanics, electricity and magnetism, modern 

physics, waves and optics, and kinetic theory and thermodynamics. 

03156 AP Physics C 

Designed by the College Board to parallel college-level physics courses that serve as a partial 

foundation for science or engineering majors, AP Physics C courses primarily focus on 1) mechanics 

and 2) electricity and magnetism, with approximately equal emphasis on these two areas. AP Physics C 

courses are more intensive and analytical than AP Physics B courses and require the use of calculus to 

solve the problems posed. 

03157 IB Physics 

IB Physics courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Physics exams at 

either the Subsidiary or Higher level. In keeping with the general aim of IB Experimental Sciences 

courses, IB Physics promotes understanding of the facts, patterns, and principles underlying the field of 

physics; critical analysis, prediction, and application of scientific information and hypotheses; improved 

ability to communicate scientific ideas; and an awareness of the impact of scientific advances in physics 

upon both society and issues of ethical, philosophical, and political importance. Course content varies, 

but includes the study of the fundamental laws of nature and the interaction between concepts of matter, 

fields, waves, and energy. Laboratory experimentation is essential; calculus may be used in some 

courses. 

03159 Physical Science 

Physical Science courses involve study of the structures and states of matter. Typically (but not 

always) offered as introductory survey courses, they may include such topics as forms of energy, wave 

phenomenon, electromagnetism, and physical and chemical interactions. 

39
 
 

03160 IB Physical Science 

IB Physical Science courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Physical 

Science exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses integrate the study of physics and 

chemistry, showing how the physical and chemical properties of materials can be explained and 

predicted in terms of atomic, molecular, and crystal structures and forces. In keeping with the general 

aim of IB Experimental Sciences courses, IB Physical Science courses promote critical analysis, 

prediction, and application of scientific information and hypotheses; improved ability to communicate 

scientific ideas; and an awareness of the impact of science and scientific advances upon both society and 

issues of ethical, philosophical, and political importance. Students are required to develop and pursue an 

individual, experimental project, which is evaluated as part of the IB exam. 

03161 Conceptual Physics 

Conceptual Physics courses introduce students to the use of chemicals, characteristic properties 

of materials, and simple mechanics to better describe the world and nonliving matter. The courses 

emphasize precise measurements and descriptive analysis of experimental results. Topics covered may 

include energy and motion, electricity, magnetism, heat, the structure of matter, and how matter reacts to 

materials and forces. 

03162 Particular Topics in Physics 

Particular Topics in Physics courses concentrate on a particular subtopic within the field of 

physics (such as optics, thermodynamics, quantum physics, and so on) that is not otherwise described in 

this classification system. 

03197 Physics—Independent Study 

Physics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore scientific topics of interest, using advanced methods of scientific inquiry and 

experimentation. These courses may be offered in conjunction with other rigorous science courses or 

may provide students with an opportunity to explore a topic of special interest. 

03198 Physics—Workplace Experience 

Physics—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to physics. 

Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not 

necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the 

field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

03199 Physics—Other 

40
 
 

Integrated/Other 

03201 Integrated Science 

The specific content of Integrated Science courses varies, but they draw upon the principles of 

several scientific specialties—earth science, physical science, biology, chemistry, and physics—and 

organize the material around thematic units. Common themes covered include systems, models, energy, 

patterns, change, and constancy. These courses use appropriate aspects from each specialty to 

investigate applications of the theme. 

03202 Unified Science 

Unified Science courses combine more than one branch of science into a cohesive study or may 

integrate science with another discipline. General scientific concepts are explored, as are the principles 

underlying the scientific method and experimentation techniques. 

03203 Applied Biology/Chemistry 

Applied Biology/Chemistry courses integrate biology and chemistry into a unified domain of 

study and present the resulting body of knowledge in the context of work, home, society, and the 

environment, emphasizing field and laboratory activities. Topics include natural resources, water, air 

and other gases, nutrition, disease and wellness, plant growth and reproduction, life processes, 

microorganisms, synthetic materials, waste and waste management, and the community of life. 

03204 Technological Inquiry 

Technological Inquiry courses provide students with an understanding of the use of process 

skills as an integral part of scientific activity and technological development. Students learn how 

scientific phenomena are explained, measured, predicted, organized, and communicated. 

03205 Origins of Science 

Origins of Science courses explore the body of scientific knowledge and discoveries from an 

historical perspective, wherein students gain an understanding of how one discovery led to others or to 

entire revolutions of thought. In these courses, original experiments may be replicated, and students may 

study primary materials. 

03206 IB Design Technology 

IB Design Technology courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Design 

Technology exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. In keeping with the general aim of IB 

Experimental Sciences courses, IB Design Technology courses promote understanding and use of the 

scientific method to solve problems using scientific information and production techniques. 

Practical/investigative work centers on the properties of materials, mechanisms, control circuits, and 

production techniques as they apply to constructing an artifact or developing skills and ideas useful in 

carrying out such a project. 

41
 
 

03207 AP Environmental Science 

AP Environmental Science courses are designed by the College Board to provide students with 

the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the 

natural world, identify and analyze environmental problems (both natural and human made), evaluate 

the relative risks associated with the problems, and examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or 

preventing them. Topics covered include science as a process, ecological processes and energy 

conversions, earth as an interconnected system, the impact of humans on natural systems, cultural and 

societal contexts of environmental problems, and the development of practices that will ensure 

sustainable systems. 

03208 IB Environmental Systems 

IB Environmental Systems courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Environmental Systems exam at the Standard level by providing them with the knowledge, methods, 

and techniques to understand the nature and functioning of natural systems, the relationships that affect 

environmental equilibrium, and human impact on the biosphere. Topics also include ecosystem integrity 

and sustainability, students’ own relationships to the environment, and the nature of internationalism in 

resolving major environmental issues. 

03209 Aerospace 

Aerospace courses explore the connection between meteorology, astronomy, and flight across 

and around the earth as well as into outer space. In addition to principles of meteorology (e.g., 

atmosphere, pressures, winds and jet streams) and astronomical concepts (e.g., solar system, stars, and 

interplanetary bodies), course topics typically include the history of aviation, principles of aeronautical 

decision-making, airplane systems, aerodynamics, and flight theory. 

03210 Science, Technology, and Society 

Science, Technology, and Society courses encourage students to explore and understand the 

ways in which science and technology shape culture, values, and institutions and how such factors, in 

turn, shape science and technology. Topics covered may include how science and technology enter 

society and how they change as a result of social processes. 

03211 Technical Science 

Technical Science courses introduce students to scientific tools and methods and provide an 

introduction to chemistry and physics. Topics covered typically include measurement conversion, model 

creation, use of scientific methods, interpretation of atoms, identification of the properties of common 

compounds, analysis of chemical equations, the impact of force on linear motion, and the study of 

various physical phenomena and forms of energy. 

42
 
 

03212 Scientific Research and Design 

In Scientific Research and Design courses, students conceive of, design, and complete a project 

using scientific inquiry and experimentation methodologies. Emphasis is typically placed on safety 

issues, research protocols, controlling or manipulating variables, data analysis, and a coherent display of 

the project and its outcome(s). 

03994 Life and Physical Sciences—Proficiency Development 

Life and Physical Sciences—Proficiency Development courses are designed to assist students in 

acquiring the skills necessary to pass proficiency examinations related to the life sciences and physical 

sciences. 

03995 Life and Physical Sciences—Aide 

Life and Physical Sciences—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students and may serve as laboratory assistants. 

03997 Life and Physical Sciences—Independent Study 

Life and Physical Sciences—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore scientific topics of interest, using advanced methods of scientific 

inquiry and experimentation. These courses may be offered in conjunction with other rigorous science 

courses or may serve as an opportunity to explore a topic of special interest. 

03998 Life and Physical Sciences—Workplace Experience 

Life and Physical Sciences—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field 

related to life and/or physical science. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

03999 Life and Physical Sciences—Other 

43
 
 

Subject Area 4: Social Sciences and History (secondary) 

Geography 

04001 World Geography 

World Geography courses provide students with an overview of world geography, but may vary 

widely in the topics they cover. Topics typically include the physical environment; the political 

landscape; the relationship between people and the land; economic production and development; and the 

movement of people, goods, and ideas. 

04002 Particular Topics in Geography 

Particular Topics in Geography courses examine a particular topic in geography, such as 

physical or cultural geography, or the geography of a particular area or region, rather than provide an 

overview of the field. 

04003 IB Geography 

IB Geography courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Geography exams 

at either the Subsidiary or Higher level, and individual courses vary to reflect the different emphases of 

the exams (either human or physical geology and case study or fieldwork instruction). In general, 

however, IB Geography courses aim to help students understand the relationships within society, the 

relationships between society and the natural environment, and how those relationships change over 

time. 

04004 AP Human Geography 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level Human 

Geography courses, AP Human Geography introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and 

processes that have shaped the ways in which humans understand, use, and alter the earth’s surface. 

Students use spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its 

environmental consequences and also learn about the methods and tools geographers use in their science 

and practice. 

04047 Geography—Independent Study 

Geography—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest within geography. Independent Study courses may provide students 

with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic of special 

interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

44
 
 

04048 Geography—Workplace Experience 

 Geography—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

geography. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

04049 Geography—Other 

World History 

04051 World History—Overview 

World History—Overview courses provide students with an overview of the history of human 

society from early civilization to the contemporary period, examining political, economic, social, 

religious, military, scientific, and cultural developments. World History—Overview courses may 

include geographical studies, but often these components are not as explicitly taught as geography. 

04052 World History and Geography 

In addition to covering the objectives of World History—Overview courses, World History and 

Geography courses provide an overview of world geography. These courses are often developed in 

response to increased national concern regarding the importance of geography, and they explore 

geographical concepts. 

04053 Modern World History 

Modern World History courses provide an overview of the history of human society in the past 

few centuries—from the Renaissance period, or later, to the contemporary period—exploring political, 

economic, social, religious, military, scientific, and cultural developments. 

04054 IB History 

IB History courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate History exams at 

either the Subsidiary or Higher level. In these courses, students study political, military, economic, 

social, and cultural trends and explore the nature of historical documentation and the methods used by 

historians. IB History courses survey 20th-century topics in an international context; provide a detailed 

regional study of a major area (Africa, Europe, the Americas, West and South Asia, East and Southeast 

Asia, or Australia); and enable students to undertake individual study on a subject of interest in greater 

detail and depth. 

04055 Modern European History 

Modern European History courses examine the development of political, social, and economic 

movements in Europe over the past few centuries (from the Renaissance period, or later, to the 

contemporary period) and usually include such topics as the rise of the modern nation state, scientific 

and industrial revolutions, the age of exploration and nationalism, imperialism, and world war. 

45
 
 

04056 AP European History 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level European 

History courses, AP European History courses examine European civilization from the High 

Renaissance period to the recent past and also expose students to the factual narrative. In addition, these 

courses help students develop an understanding of some of the principal themes in modern European 

history and the abilities to analyze historical evidence and to express that understanding and analysis in 

writing. 

04057 AP World History 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level World 

History courses, AP World History courses examine world history from 8000 BCE to the present with 

the aim of helping students develop a greater understanding of the evolution of global processes and 

contracts and how different human societies have interacted. These courses highlight the nature of 

changes in an international context and explore their causes and continuity. 

04058 Ancient Civilizations 

Ancient Civilizations courses provide a survey of the evolution of society from the ancient 

Middle East through Greek and Roman civilizations. Typically, in these courses, students study the rise 

and fall of civilizations and empires, with an emphasis on the legacies they provide to successive 

societies. 

04059 Medieval European History 

Medieval European History courses provide a survey of European civilization from the fall of 

Rome through the late Middle Ages. 

04060 Ancient and Medieval History 

Ancient and Medieval History courses combine a study of ancient civilizations and Medieval 

Europe, beginning with the civilizations of the ancient Middle East and continuing through the late 

Middle Ages in Europe. 

04061 World Area Studies 

World Area Studies courses examine the history, politics, economics, society, and/or culture of 

one or more regions of the world, such as Africa, Latin America, the former Soviet Union, Far East 

Asia, and the Middle East. These courses may focus primarily on the history of a particular region or 

may take an interdisciplinary approach to the contemporary issues affecting the region. Furthermore, 

these courses may emphasize one particular country (other than the United States), rather than 

emphasizing a region or continent. 

46
 
 

04062 World People Studies 

World People Studies courses allow students to study various types of subgroups that have 

something in common such as religion, gender, or culture. Similar in style to World Area Studies, but 

focusing on a group of people rather than on a specific region, these courses examine a subgroup’s 

history, politics, economics, and/or culture. 

04063 Western Civilization 

Western Civilization courses apply an interdisciplinary approach to the study of western cultural 

traditions, frequently using a chronological framework. Course content typically includes a survey of the 

major developments in and contributors to art and architecture, literature, religion and philosophy, and 

culture. These courses may also cover intellectual and political movements. 

04064 Contemporary World Issues 

Contemporary World Issues courses enable students to study political, economic, and social 

issues facing the world. These courses may focus on current issues, examine selected issues throughout 

the 20th century, and look at historical causes or possible solutions. 

04065 Particular Topics in World History 

These courses examine particular topics in world history other than those already described. 

04066 IB Islamic History 

IB Islamic History courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate History 

exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses are designed to provide students with the 

means to acquire a deep and open understanding of Islamic history and to grasp its contribution to the 

history of the world. Possible topics covered include political, social, economic, and intellectual aspects 

of Islamic history. 

04097 World History—Independent Study 

World History—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest within world history. Independent Study courses may provide 

students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular period or area, to explore a topic of 

special interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

04098 World History—Workplace Experience 

World History—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

world history. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

47
 
 

04099 World History—Other 

U.S. History 

04101 U.S. History—Comprehensive 

U.S. History—Comprehensive courses provide students with an overview of the history of the 

United States, examining time periods from discovery or colonialism through World War II or after. 

These courses typically include a historical overview of political, military, scientific, and social 

developments. Course content may include a history of the North American peoples before European 

settlement. 

04102 Early U.S. History 

Early U.S. History courses examine the history of the United States from the colonial period to 

the Civil War or Reconstruction era (some courses end after this period). Some courses include 

American history before European settlement, while others may begin at the formation of the new 

nation. These courses typically include a historical overview of political, military, scientific, and social 

developments. 

04103 Modern U.S. History 

Modern U.S. History courses examine the history of the United States from the Civil War or 

Reconstruction era (some courses begin at a later period) through the present time. These courses 

typically include a historical review of political, military, scientific, and social developments. 

04104 AP U.S. History 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level U.S. 

History courses, AP U.S. History courses provide students with the analytical skills and factual 

knowledge necessary to address critically problems and materials in U.S. history. Students learn to 

assess historical materials and to weigh the evidence and interpretations presented in historical 

scholarship. The course examines the discovery and settlement of the New World through the recent 

past. 

04105 State-Specific Studies 

State-Specific Studies courses examine the history, politics, economics, society, and/or cultures 

of one state in the United States. This course may focus primarily on the history of that state or may take 

an interdisciplinary approach to the contemporary issues affecting it. 

04106 Contemporary U.S. Issues 

Contemporary U.S. Issues courses study the political, economic, and social issues facing the 

United States, with or without an emphasis on state and local issues. These courses may focus on current 

issues or may examine selected issues that span throughout the 20th century to the present. 

48
 
 

04107 U.S. Ethnic Studies 

U.S. Ethnic courses examine the history, politics, economics, society, and/or culture of one or 

more of the racial/ethnic groups in the United States. These courses may focus primarily on the history 

of an individual racial/ethnic group or may take a more comprehensive approach to studying the 

contemporary issues affecting racial/ethnic groups overall. 

04108 U.S. Gender Studies 

U.S. Gender Studies courses examine the history, politics, economics, and/or culture of gender in 

U.S. society. These courses may focus primarily on gender relations or may take a more comprehensive 

approach to studying the contemporary issues related to gender. 

04109 Particular Topics in U.S. History 

These courses examine a particular topic in U.S. History, such as particular time periods in the 

history of the United States, or they may focus on the history of particular U.S. regions rather than 

provide an overview of the subject. 

04147 U.S. History—Independent Study 

U.S. History—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest within U.S. History. Independent Study courses may provide 

students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular period or area, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

04148 U.S. History—Workplace Experience 

U.S. History—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to U.S. 

history. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students 

are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further 

study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

04149 U.S. History—Other 

Government, Politics, and Law 

04151 U.S. Government—Comprehensive 

49
 

U.S. Government—Comprehensive courses provide an overview of the structure and functions 

of the U.S. government and political institutions and examine constitutional principles, the concepts of 

rights and responsibilities, the role of political parties and interest groups, and the importance of civic 

participation in the democratic process. These courses may examine the structure and function of state 

and local governments and may cover certain economic and legal topics. 
 

04152 Particular Topics in U.S. Government 

These courses examine a particular topic pertaining to U.S. government and political institutions 

rather than provide a general overview of the subject. They may concentrate on one of many topics 

related to governmental structure, function, and purposes, such as the Constitution, the Supreme Court, 

Congress, or the Office of the President. 

04153 Political Science 

Political Science courses approach the study of politics from a theoretical perspective, including 

an examination of the role of government and the nature of political behavior, political power, and 

political action. 

04154 Comparative Government 

Comparative Government courses study the basic tenets of government, searching for the 

differences and similarities among several forms of government. These courses take a comparative 

approach to the study of government and politics, focusing on how the United States compares with 

other nations. 

04155 International Relations 

International Relations courses provide students with an introduction to the relationships that 

exist among nations, including an examination of the modern state; the foreign policies of nations; the 

dynamics of nationalism, ideology, and culture; and the role of international organizations. The courses 

may also emphasize contemporary events. 

04156 United States and World Affairs 

United States and World Affairs courses provide a study of global interrelationships. Topics 

covered may include geographic, political, economic, and social issues of a particular country or region, 

with an emphasis on how these issues influence (or are influenced by) the way in which the United 

States relates to other countries in an interdependent world context. 

04157 AP U.S. Government and Politics 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level U.S. 

Government and Politics courses, these courses provide students with an analytical perspective on 

government and politics in the United States, involving both the study of general concepts used to 

interpret U.S. politics and the analysis of specific case studies. The courses generally cover the 

constitutional underpinnings of the U.S. government, political beliefs and behaviors, political parties and 

interest groups, the institutions and policy process of national government, and civil rights and liberties. 

50
 
 

04158 AP Comparative Government and Politics 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level 

Comparative Government and Politics courses, these courses offer students an understanding of the 

world’s diverse political structures and practices. The courses encompass the study of both specific 

countries and general concepts used to interpret the key political relationships found in virtually all 

national policies. Course content generally includes sources of public authority and political power, the 

relationship between states and society, the relationships between the political and institutional 

frameworks of citizens and states, political change, and comparative methods. 

04159 AP Government 

AP Government courses prepare students for the AP exams in both U.S. Government and 

Politics and Comparative Government and Politics. Course content includes the topics covered in those 

two separate courses as described above. 

04160 Principles of Democracy 

Principles of Democracy courses combine a study of the structure of national, state, and local 

U.S. government with an overview of the principles of market economics. Course content may include 

contemporary U.S. issues. The purpose of these courses is to prepare students to perform effectively as 

informed citizens. 

04161 Civics 

Civics courses examine the general structure and functions of American systems of government, 

the roles and responsibilities of citizens to participate in the political process, and the relationship of the 

individual to the law and legal system. These courses do not typically delve into the same degree of 

detail on constitutional principles or the role of political parties and interest groups as do comprehensive 

courses in U.S. Government. 

04162 Law Studies 

Law Studies courses examine the history and philosophy of law as part of U.S. society and 

include the study of the major substantive areas of both criminal and civil law, such as constitutional 

rights, torts, contracts, property, criminal law, family law, and equity. Although these courses emphasize 

the study of law, they may also cover the workings of the legal system. 

04163 Consumer Law 

Consumer Law courses present a history and philosophy of law and the legal system in the 

United States, with a particular emphasis on those topics affecting students as consumers and young 

adults (such as contractual laws, laws pertaining to housing and marriage, and constitutional rights). 

51
 
 

04164 Business Law 

Business Law courses present a history and philosophy of law and the legal system in the United 

States, with a particular emphasis on those topics affecting students as future business leaders and 

employees. Such topics may include contracts, commercial paper and debt instruments, property rights, 

employer/employee relationships, and constitutional rights and responsibilities. 

04165 Legal System 

Legal System courses examine the workings of the U.S. criminal and civil justice systems, 

including providing an understanding of civil and criminal law and the legal process, the structure and 

procedures of courts, and the role of various legal or judicial agencies. Although these courses 

emphasize the legal process, they may also cover the history and foundation of U.S. law (the 

Constitution, statutes, and precedents). Course content may also include contemporary problems in the 

criminal justice system. 

04166 Particular Topics in Law 

These courses examine a particular topic in law such as the Constitution, specific statutes, or the 

legal process rather than provide an overview. 

04197 Government, Politics, and Law—Independent Study 

Government, Politics, and Law—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest within one of the fields of Government, Politics, 

and Law. These courses may provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a 

particular specialization, to explore a topic of special interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

04198 Government, Politics, and Law—Workplace Experience 

Government, Politics, and Law—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related government, politics, and/or law. Goals are typically set cooperatively by 

the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

04199 Government, Politics, and Law—Other 

Economics 

04201 Economics 

Economics courses provide students with an overview of economics with primary emphasis on 

the principles of microeconomics and the U.S. economic system. These courses may also cover topics 

such as principles of macroeconomics, international economics, and comparative economics. Economic 

principles may be presented in formal theoretical contexts, applied contexts, or both. 

52
 
 

04202 Comparative Economics 

Comparative Economics courses offer students an opportunity to study different economies and 

economic systems, including an examination of various approaches to problems in micro- and 

macroeconomics. 

04203 AP Microeconomics 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level 

microeconomics, AP Microeconomics courses provide students with a thorough understanding of the 

principles of economics that apply to the functions of individual decisionmakers (both consumers and 

producers). They place primary emphasis on the nature and functions of product markets, while also 

including a study of factor markets and the role of government in the economy. 

04204 AP Macroeconomics 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel college-level 

macroeconomics, AP Macroeconomics courses provide students with a thorough understanding of the 

principles of economics that apply to an economic system as a whole. They place particular emphasis on 

the study of national income and price determination and developing students’ familiarity with 

economic performance measures, economic growth, and international economics. 

04205 AP Economics 

AP Economics courses prepare students for the College Board’s examinations in both 

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics; these courses include the content of the two separate courses as 

described above. 

04206 IB Economics 

IB Economics courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Economics exams 

at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. The courses provide students with the basic tools of economic 

reasoning and teach them to use those tools to explain or interpret economic problems. Course content 

includes resource allocation under various systems, national income analysis, international economics, 

and economic development and growth and may also cover income distribution. 

04207 Particular Topics in Economics 

These courses examine a particular topic in Economics rather than provide a general overview of 

the field. Course topics may include international economics, economic development and growth of a 

particular country or region, or resource allocation. 

04247 Economics—Independent Study 

Economics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest within the field of economics. Independent Study courses may 

provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a 

topic of special interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

53
 
 

04248 Economics—Workplace Experience 

Economics—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

economics. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

04249 Economics—Other 

Social Sciences 

04251 Anthropology 

Anthropology courses introduce students to the study of human evolution with regard to the 

origin, distribution, physical attributes, environment, and culture of human beings. These courses 

provide an overview of anthropology, including but not limited to both physical and cultural 

anthropology. 

04252 Particular Topics in Anthropology 

These courses examine a particular topic in anthropology, such as physical anthropology, 

cultural anthropology, or archeology, rather than provide a more comprehensive overview of the field. 

04253 IB Social Anthropology 

IB Social Anthropology courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Social 

Anthropology exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. The courses aim to promote students’ 

awareness of underlying patterns and causes of social relationships and systems, preconceptions and 

assumptions within the social environment, and the use of ethnographic data in creating models, 

drawing inferences, and making comparisons. 

04254 Psychology 

Psychology courses introduce students to the study of individual human behavior. Course 

content typically includes (but is not limited to) an overview of the field of psychology, topics in human 

growth and development, personality and behavior, and abnormal psychology. 

04255 Particular Topics in Psychology 

These courses examine a particular topic in psychology, such as human growth and development 

or personality, rather than provide a more comprehensive overview of the field. 

54
 
 

04256 AP Psychology 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to parallel a college-level 

psychology course, AP Psychology courses introduce students to the systematic and scientific study of 

the behavior and mental processes of human beings and other animals, expose students to each major 

subfield within psychology, and enable students to examine the methods that psychologists use in their 

science and practice. 

04257 IB Psychology 

IB Psychology courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Psychology 

exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes developmental and social 

psychology, cognition and learning, and personality subject areas, which are approached from 

biological/physiological, behavioral, and humanistic points of view. These courses may include a study 

of research design and statistics and involve practical work in psychological research. 

04258 Sociology 

Sociology courses introduce students to the study of human behavior in society. These courses 

provide an overview of sociology, generally including (but not limited to) topics such as social 

institutions and norms, socialization and social change, and the relationships among individuals and 

groups in society. 

04259 Particular Topics in Sociology 

These courses examine a particular topic in sociology, such as culture and society or the 

individual in society, rather than provide an overview of the field of sociology. 

04260 Social Science 

Social Science courses provide students with an introduction to the various disciplines in the 

social sciences, including anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, 

and sociology. Typically, these courses emphasize the methodologies of the social sciences and the 

differences among the various disciplines. 

04261 Social Science Research 

Social Science Research courses emphasize the methods of social science research, including 

statistics and experimental design. 

04262 IB Organization Studies 

IB Organization Studies courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Organization Studies exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher levels. These IB courses provide a broad 

introduction to the principles and practices of enterprises engaged in producing, distributing, and 

exchanging goods and services in a variety of economic frameworks. A sample of topics explored 

within these courses include management styles and structures; decision-making methods; and methods 

for accounting, planning, and communication. 

55
 
 

04297 Social Sciences—Independent Study 

 Social Sciences—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest within one of the social science fields. Independent Study 

courses may provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, 

to explore a topic of special interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

04298 Social Sciences—Workplace Experience 

Social Sciences—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

the social sciences. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

04299 Social Sciences—Other 

Humanities 

04301 Humanities Survey 

Humanities Survey courses provide an overview of major expressions of the cultural heritage of 

selected western and eastern civilizations. Content typically includes (but is not limited to) the 

examination of selected examples of art, music, literature, architecture, technology, philosophy, and 

religion of the cultures studied. These courses may also cover the languages and political institutions of 

these cultures. 

04302 Humanities 

Humanities courses examine and evoke student responses to human creative efforts and the 

world in particular historical periods and in particular cultures. Course content includes exploration, 

analysis, synthesis, and various responses to cultural traditions, including viewing, listening, speaking, 

reading, writing, performing, and creating. The courses may also examine relationships among painting, 

sculpture, architecture, and music. 

04303 Issues of Western Humanities 

Issues of Western Humanities courses introduce students to the study of the cultural heritage of 

human beings and provide an opportunity to explore our fundamental humanity. The content typically 

includes definitions of the humanities in relation to history, literature, religion, philosophy, art, music, 

and architecture and study of the cultures of Greece, Rome, and one or more settings in contemporary 

periods. Students are asked to analyze and clarify their sense of themselves; examine and clarify their 

responsibilities in relation to those of others; examine philosophies concerning moral responsibility for 

the future; and examine philosophies about human mortality. 

56
 
 

04304 IB Theory of Knowledge 

Obligatory for every International Baccalaureate degree candidate, IB Theory of Knowledge 

courses aim to stimulate critical self-reflection of students’ knowledge and experiences. Course content 

generates questions regarding the bases of knowledge and their verification in the disciplines of 

mathematics, natural sciences, human sciences, and history, with an awareness of moral, political, and 

aesthetic judgments and biases. Students learn to appreciate the strengths and limitations of various 

kinds of knowledge; to relate studied subjects to one another, general knowledge, and living 

experiences; to formulate rational arguments; and to evaluate the role of language in knowledge and as a 

way to convey knowledge. 

04305 Social Studies 

Social Studies courses enable students to study a group of related subjects addressing the 

elements and structures of human society that may include economics, geography, history, citizenship, 

and other social studies-related disciplines. 

04306 Philosophy 

Philosophy courses introduce students to the discipline of philosophy as a way to analyze the 

principles underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe. Course content 

typically includes examination of the major philosophers and their writings. 

04307 Particular Topics in Philosophy 

These courses examine a particular topic in philosophy, such as aesthetic judgment, ethics, 

cosmology, or the philosophy of knowledge, rather than providing a more general overview of the 

subject. 

04308 Modern Intellectual History 

Modern Intellectual History courses provide a historical overview of modern intellectual 

movements, generally drawing from different disciplines such as political science, economics, and 

philosophy. 

04309 IB Philosophy 

IB Philosophy courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Philosophy 

exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher levels. These courses challenge students to reflect upon and 

question the bases of knowledge and experience, to develop a personal mode of thought, to formulate 

rational arguments, and to use language to examine several conceptual themes in a thoughtful, 

philosophical manner. 

04310 Particular Topics in Humanities 

These courses cover particular topics in humanities such as the interrelationships among 

painting, sculpture, architecture, and music or the exploration of a particular time period rather than 

provide a general overview of the subject. 

57
 
 

04347 Humanities—Independent Study 

Humanities—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest within the field of humanities. Independent Study courses may 

provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a 

topic of special interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

04348 Humanities—Workplace Experience 

Humanities—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

humanities. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

04349 Humanities—Other 

All Others 

04994 Social Sciences and History—Proficiency Development 

Social Sciences and History—Proficiency Development courses are designed to assist students 

in acquiring the skills necessary to pass proficiency examinations related to history and/or other social 

sciences. 

04995 Social Sciences and History—Aide 

Social Sciences and History—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

04997 Social Sciences and History—Independent Study 

Social Sciences and History—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest within one of the fields of social studies. These 

courses provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to 

explore a topic of special interest, or to develop more advanced skills. 

04998 Social Sciences and History—Workplace Experience 

Social Sciences and History—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field 

related to social sciences and/or history. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, 

and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom 

activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students 

encounter in the workplace. 

04999 Social Sciences and History—Other 

58
 
 

Subject Area 5: Fine and Performing Arts (secondary) 

Dance 

05001 Dance Technique 

Dance Technique courses provide students with experience in one or several dance forms (i.e., 

modern, jazz, ballet, and tap). Initial classes are usually introductory in nature, while the more advanced 

classes concentrate on improving students’ technique and may offer or require experience in 

choreography and dance evaluation. 

05002 Dance Repertory 

Dance Repertory courses provide the opportunity for students with prior dance experience to 

develop dance techniques in small groups; these classes require auditions and emphasize performance. 

05003 Expressive Movement 

Expressive Movement courses help develop students’ ability to move expressively, without an 

emphasis on particular dance forms or on developing specific dance techniques. 

05004 Dance Appreciation 

Dance Appreciation courses expand students’ knowledge of dance as an art form and help 

develop students’ ability to evaluate dance performances. Learning the history of one or several dance 

forms may also be included as a course objective. 

05005 Choreography 

Choreography courses teach students how to arrange and direct dancers’ movements. Course 

content includes application of the elements and principles of dance, study of historical and 

contemporary dance from a worldwide perspective, and instruction in critique. Course objectives 

include developing an appreciation of dance as a communicative art form and self-expression. Students 

sometimes gain performance experience. 

05047 Dance—Independent Study 

Dance—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors or professional 

dancers/choreographers as mentors, enable students to explore a particular dance form. Independent 

Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular form or 

style, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

59
 
 

05048 Dance—Workplace Experience 

Dance—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a field related 

to dance. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students 

are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further 

study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

05049 Dance—Other 

Drama 

05051 Introduction to the Theater 

Introduction to the Theater courses provide an overview of the art, conventions, and history of 

the theater. Although the courses sometimes include experiential exercises, they emphasize learning 

about the theater rather than performance. Students learn about one or more of the following topics: 

basic techniques in acting, major developments in dramatic literature, major playwrights, the formation 

of theater as a cultural tradition, and critical appreciation of the art. 

05052 Theatre Arts 

Theatre arts courses focus on the study and performance of drama including musical theatre. 

These courses review a wide range of scripted materials, such as plays, screen plays, teleplays, readers’ 

theatre scripts, dramatic criticism, creation of original dramatic works, and the role of dramatic arts in 

society. In addition, students will work collaboratively on performances. 

05053 Drama—Comprehensive 

Drama—Comprehensive courses are intended to help develop students’ experience and skill in 

one or more aspects of theatrical production. Initial courses are usually introductory in nature, providing 

an overview of the features of drama such as acting, set design, stage management, and so on. The more 

advanced courses concentrate on improving technique, expanding students’ exposure to different types 

of theatrical techniques and traditions, and increasing their chances of participating in public 

productions. These courses may also provide a discussion of career opportunities in the theater. 

05054 Exploration in Drama 

Exploration in Drama courses are designed to enhance students’ understanding of life through 

the study and performance of dramatic works. They emphasize developing students’ ability to express 

themselves and establish personal criteria for the critical evaluation of drama activities. 

60
 
 

05055 Drama—Acting/Performance 

Drama—Acting/Performance courses are intended to promote students’ experience and skill 

development in one or more aspects of theatrical production, but they concentrate on acting and 

performance skills. Initial courses are usually introductory in nature, while the more advanced courses 

focus on improving technique, expanding students’ exposure to different types of theatrical techniques 

and traditions, and increasing their chances of participating in public productions. 

05056 Drama—Stagecraft 

Drama—Stagecraft courses are intended to help students develop experience and skill in one or 

more aspects of theatrical production, but concentrate on stagecraft (such as lighting, costuming, set 

construction, makeup, stage management, and so on). Initial courses are usually introductory in nature, 

while more advanced courses concentrate on improving technique, expanding students’ exposure to 

different types of theatrical techniques and traditions and increasing their chances of participating in 

public productions. These courses may also provide a discussion of career opportunities in the theater. 

05057 Directing 

Directing courses are intended to improve students’ skills in translating a script into a final 

production and are usually taken after other drama courses. Directing courses enable each student to 

create an artistic vision and develop a personal aesthetic, by expanding the student’s exposure to 

different types of theatrical techniques and traditions and providing opportunities to direct the 

performances of others (either in scenes or in a full production). 

05058 Playwriting 

Playwriting courses are intended to improve students’ skills in creating a script suitable for live 

production and are usually taken after other drama courses. Playwriting courses enable students to 

develop a personal voice, style, and aesthetic by expanding their exposure to various playwrights and 

different types of theatrical techniques and traditions. Students are expected to write original scenes, 

one-act plays, or full productions. 

05059 History and Literature of the Theater 

History and Literature of the Theater courses explore in depth the structure, elements, and style 

of dramatic compositions, and, as an extension, how the dramatic literature influenced theatrical 

production and acting styles throughout history. Some courses may focus more on the literature 

component than on the theater (with increased emphasis on critique and analysis), but most courses 

connect these subjects, exploring their interrelationships. Major contributors (playwrights, directors, and 

so on) and the architecture of the theater may also be included as topics of study. 

05097 Drama—Independent Study 

Drama—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors or artists as mentors, 

enable students to explore a particular theatrical form. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular form or style, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

61
 
 

05098 Drama—Workplace Experience 

Drama—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to drama and 

the theater. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

05099 Drama—Other 

Music 

05101 General Band 

General Band courses develop students’ technique for playing brass, woodwind, and percussion 

instruments and cover a variety of nonspecified band literature styles (concert, marching, orchestral, and 

modern styles). 

05102 Concert Band 

Courses in Concert Band are designed to promote students’ technique for playing brass, 

woodwind, and percussion instruments and cover a variety of band literature styles, primarily for 

concert performances. 

05103 Marching Band 

Courses in Marching Band are intended to develop students’ technique for playing brass, 

woodwind, and percussion instruments and cover appropriate band literature styles, primarily for 

marching performances. 

05104 Orchestra 

Orchestra courses are designed to develop students’ abilities to play brass, woodwind, 

percussion, and string instruments, covering a variety of string and orchestral literature styles. 

05105 Contemporary Band 

Contemporary Band courses help students develop their techniques for playing brass, woodwind, 

percussion, and string instruments, as well as guitars and keyboards, focusing primarily on 

contemporary stage band literature styles, such as traditional jazz, jazz improvisation, and rock. 

05106 Instrumental Ensemble 

Instrumental Ensemble courses are intended to develop students’ technique for playing brass, 

woodwind, percussion, and/or string instruments in small ensemble groups. Instrumental Ensemble 

courses cover one or more instrumental ensemble or band literature styles. 

62
 
 

05107 Piano 

Piano courses introduce students to the fundamentals of music and basic keyboard techniques 

such as scales, chords, and melodic lines. These courses may also include more advanced keyboard 

techniques. 

05108 Guitar 

Guitar courses introduce students to the fundamentals of music and guitar-playing techniques, 

such as strumming and chords. These courses may also include more advanced guitar-playing 

techniques. 

05109 Individual Technique—Instrumental Music 

Individual Technique—Instrumental Music courses provide individuals with instruction in 

instrumental techniques. These courses may be conducted on either an individual or small group basis. 

05110 Chorus 

Chorus courses provide the opportunity to sing a variety of choral literature styles for men’s 

and/or women’s voices and are designed to develop vocal techniques and the ability to sing parts. 

05111 Vocal Ensembles 

Vocal Ensemble courses are intended to develop vocal techniques and the ability to sing parts in 

small ensemble or madrigal groups. Course goals may include the development of solo singing ability 

and may emphasize one or several ensemble literature styles. 

05112 Individual Technique—Vocal Music 

Individual Technique—Vocal Music courses provide instruction in and encourage the 

development of vocal techniques (including aural development) other than the ability to sing in groups. 

These courses may be conducted on either an individual or small group basis. 

05113 Music Theory 

Music Theory courses provide students with an understanding of the fundamentals of music and 

include one or more of the following topics: composition, arrangement, analysis, aural development, and 

sight reading. 

05114 AP Music Theory 

AP Music Theory courses are designed to be the equivalent of a first-year music theory college 

course as specified by the College Board. AP Music Theory develops students’ understanding of 

musical structure and compositional procedures. Usually intended for students who already possess 

performance-level skills, AP Music Theory courses extend and build upon students’ knowledge of 

intervals, scales, chords, metric/rhythmic patterns, and the ways they interact in a composition. Musical 

notation, analysis, composition, and aural skills are important components of the course. 

63
 
 

05115 IB Music 

IB Music courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Music exam at either 

the Subsidiary or Higher level. IB Music courses develop students’ knowledge and understanding of 

music through training in musical skills (listening, performing, and composing); exposure to music 

theory; and formulation of an historic and global awareness of musical forms and styles. Historical, 

theoretical, and practical studies are suggested by the IB Curriculum Board. 

05116 Music History/Appreciation 

Music History/Appreciation courses survey different musical styles and periods with the intent 

of increasing students’ enjoyment of musical styles and/or developing their artistic or technical 

judgment. Music History/Appreciation courses may also focus on developing an understanding of a 

particular style or period. 

05117 Music History 

Similar in nature to Music History/Appreciation courses, Music History courses focus 

specifically on the history of music. 

05118 Music Appreciation 

Similar in nature to Music History/Appreciation courses, Music Appreciation courses focus 

specifically on students’ appreciation of music. They are designed to help students explore the world of 

music and to develop an understanding of the importance of music in their lives. 

05119 Composition/Songwriting 

Composition/Songwriting courses prepare students to express themselves thorough creating 

music. These courses may use conventional or nonconventional notation and may include harmonization 

in addition to melody writing. Along with musical instruments, students may also use computers for 

creating music. 

05147 Music—Independent Study 

Music—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors, professional musicians, or 

voice coaches as mentors, enable students to explore music-related topics. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular form or style, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

05148 Music—Workplace Experience 

Music—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a field related 

to music. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students 

are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further 

study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

64
 
 

05149 Music—Other 

Visual Arts 

05151 Art Appreciation 

Art Appreciation courses introduce students to the many forms of art and help them form an 

aesthetic framework through which they can judge and critique art of various ages and cultures. These 

courses also explore the place and significance of art in our society. 

05152 Art History 

Art History courses introduce students to significant works of art, artists, and artistic movements 

that have shaped the art world and have influenced or reflected periods of history. These courses often 

emphasize the evolution of art forms, techniques, symbols, and themes. 

05153 AP Art—History of Art 

Designed to parallel college-level Art History courses, AP Art—History of Art courses provide 

the opportunity for students to critically examine architecture, sculpture, painting, and other art forms 

within their historical and cultural contexts. In covering the art of several centuries (not necessarily in 

chronological order), students learn to identify different styles, techniques, and influences and to 

formulate and articulate their reactions to various kinds of artwork. 

05154 Creative Art—Comprehensive 

Creative Art—Comprehensive courses provide students with the knowledge and opportunity to 

explore an art form and to create individual works of art. These courses may also provide a discussion 

and exploration of career opportunities in the art world. Initial courses cover the language, materials, 

and processes of a particular art form and the design elements and principles supporting a work of art. 

As students advance and become more adept, the instruction regarding the creative process becomes 

more refined, and students are encouraged to develop their own artistic styles. Although Creative Art 

courses focus on creation, they may also include the study of major artists, art movements, and styles. 

05155 Creative Art—Drawing/Painting 

Creative Art—Drawing/Painting courses cover the same topics as Creative Art—Comprehensive 

courses, but focus on drawing and painting. In keeping with this attention on two-dimensional work, 

students typically work with several media (such as pen-and-ink, pencil, chalk, watercolor, tempera, 

oils, acrylics, and so on), but some courses may focus on only one medium. 

05156 Creative Art—Drawing 

Creative Art—Drawing courses cover the same topics as Creative Art—Drawing/Painting, but 

focus on drawing. In keeping with this attention on two-dimensional work, students typically work with 

several media (such as pen-and-ink, pencil, chalk, and so on), but some courses may focus on only one 

medium. 

65
 
 

05157 Creative Art—Painting 

Creative Art—Painting courses cover the same topics as Creative Art—Drawing/Painting, but 

focus on painting. In keeping with this attention on two-dimensional work, students typically work with 

several media (such as watercolor, tempera, oils, acrylics, and so on), but some courses may focus on 

only one medium. 

05158 Creative Art—Sculpture 

Creative Art—Sculpture courses cover the same topics as Creative Art—Comprehensive 

courses, but focus on creating three-dimensional works. Students typically work with several media 

(such as clay, ceramics, wood, metals, textiles, and so on), but some courses may focus on only one 

medium. 

05159 Ceramics/Pottery 

Ceramics/Pottery courses cover the same topics as Creative Art—Comprehensive courses, but 

focus on creating three-dimensional works out of clay and ceramic material. Particular attention is paid 

to the characteristics of the raw materials, their transformation under heat, and the various methods used 

to create and finish objects. 

05160 Printmaking/Graphics 

Printmaking/Graphics courses cover the same topics as Creative Art—Comprehensive courses, 

but focus on design principles, printmaking, and graphic design. 

05161 Printmaking 

Printmaking courses introduce students to a variety of printmaking techniques using processes 

such as relief printing (monoprint, collograph block); intaglio (etching and engraving); and perigraphy 

(silkscreen films, stencils, block-out). These courses emphasize design elements and principles and 

introduce art criticism as applied to fine art prints. Lessons may also include the historical development 

of printmaking in Western and non-Western cultures. 

05162 Graphic Design 

Graphic Design courses emphasize design elements and principles in the purposeful arrangement 

of images and text to communicate a message. They focus on creating art products such as 

advertisements, product designs, and identity symbols. Graphic Design courses may investigate the 

computer’s influence on and role in creating contemporary designs and provide a cultural and historical 

study of master design works of different periods and styles. 

05163 Advertising Design 

Advertising Design courses relate and apply creative expression and design principles to the 

field of advertising and commercial art. The courses offer practical experiences in generating original 

ideas, executing layouts, and preparing artwork for reproduction. Advertising Design courses may also 

provide a historical and contemporary view of art as students learn to critique work. 

66
 
 

05164 Textiles 

Textiles courses teach the same lessons as Creative Art—Comprehensive courses, but do so with 

a focus on textiles. These courses may survey a wide range of crafts and art forms using textiles, or they 

may focus on only one type of art form; possibilities include weaving, macramé, quilting, batik, 

stitchery, and so on. 

05165 Crafts 

Crafts courses teach the same lessons as Creative Art—Comprehensive courses, but do so with a 

focus on crafts. These courses may survey a wide range of crafts, or they may focus on only one type of 

craft; possibilities include calligraphy, quilting, silk-screening, cake-decorating, tole-painting, maskmaking, knitting, crocheting, paper-making, and so on. 

05166 Jewelry 

Jewelry courses apply art and design principles to the creation of jewelry. Typically, students 

explore using various media, such as ceramic, papier-mache, glass, plastic, copper-enameled, brass, and 

silver. Course topics include exposure to jewelry of diverse world cultures and the history of jewelry 

design. Some Jewelry courses may concentrate on metalwork processes such as brazing, soldering, 

casting, welding, riveting, and finishing as they relate to the creation of jewelry. 

05167 Photography 

Photography courses expose students to the materials, processes, and artistic techniques of taking 

artistic photographs. Students learn about the operation of a camera, composition, lighting techniques, 

depth of field, filters, camera angles, and film development. The course may cover black-and-white 

photography, color photography, or both. As students advance, the instruction regarding the creative 

process becomes more refined, and students are encouraged to develop their own artistic style. These 

courses may also cover major photographers, art movements, and styles. 

05168 Film/Videotape 

Film/Videotape courses expose students to the materials, processes, and artistic techniques 

involved in film, television, or videotape. Students learn about the operation of a camera, lighting 

techniques, camera angles, depth of field, composition, storyboarding, sound capture, and editing 

techniques. Course topics may also include production values and various styles of filmmaking 

(documentary, storytelling, news magazines, animation, and so on). As students advance, the instruction 

becomes more refined, and students are encouraged to develop their own artistic style. Students may 

also study major filmmakers, cinematographers, and their films and learn about film, television, and 

video and their relationships to drama and theater. 

05169 Computer-Assisted Art 

Computer-Assisted Art courses enable students to discover and explore how the computer can be 

used to create or to assist in producing various forms of artwork. Computer-Assisted Art courses provide 

the opportunity to become more adept in both the art form and in the use of the computer. 

67
 
 

05170 Art Portfolio 

Art Portfolio courses offer students the opportunity to create a professional body of work that 

reflects their personal style and talent. Students are often encouraged to display their work publicly. 

05171 AP Studio Art—General Portfolio 

Designed for students with a serious interest in art, AP Studio Art—General Portfolio courses 

enable students to refine their skills and create artistic works to be submitted to the College Board for 

evaluation. Given the nature of the AP evaluation, the courses typically emphasize quality of work, 

attention to and exploration of a particular visual interest or problem, and breadth of experience in the 

formal, technical, and expressive aspects of the student’s art. AP Studio Art—General Portfolio 

evaluations require submission of artwork exemplifying talent in drawing, color organization, design, 

and sculpture. 

05172 AP Studio Art—Drawing Portfolio 

Designed for students with a serious interest in art, AP Studio Art—Drawing Portfolio courses 

enable students to refine their skill and create artistic works to be submitted to the College Board for 

evaluation. Given the nature of the AP evaluation, the courses typically emphasize quality of work, 

attention to and exploration of a particular visual interest or problem, and breadth of experience in the 

formal, technical, and expressive aspects of drawing. In these courses, students explore representation, 

abstraction, and experimentation with a variety of drawing materials. 

05173 IB Art/Design 

IB Art/Design courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Art/Design exams 

at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. IB Art/Design courses help develop students’ aesthetic and 

creative faculties, offer training in awareness and criticism of art, and enable students to create quality 

works of art of their own. Students perform both studio and research work; the research component is 

designed to investigate particular topics or concepts of interest in further detail. 

05197 Visual Art—Independent Study 

Visual Art—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors or professional artists 

as mentors, enable students to explore a particular art form or topic. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular form or style, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills 

05198 Visual Arts—Workplace Experience 

Visual Arts—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a field 

related to visual arts. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

68
 
 

05199 Visual Arts—Other 

All Others 

05201 Integrated Fine Arts 

Integrated Fine Arts courses explore self-expression across the fine arts: any subset or all of the 

visual arts, music, drama, theater, and literature may be included in the curriculum for these courses. 

Students both study and critique the works of others and participate in or produce art themselves. These 

courses often include comparative study of various art forms over time (i.e., the interrelationship of 

literature, music, and the performing arts of a particular time period and culture). 

05995 Fine and Performing Art—Aide 

Fine and Performing Arts—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

05997 Fine and Performing Art—Independent Study 

Fine and Performing Art—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors or 

professional artists as mentors, enable students to explore a particular art form. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular form or style, 

to explore a topic of in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills 

05998 Fine and Performing Art—Workplace Experience 

Fine and Performing Art—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to the fine and performing arts. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

05999 Fine and Performing Art—Other 

69
 
 

Subject Area 6: Foreign Language and Literature (secondary) 

Romance Languages 

06101 Spanish I 

Designed to introduce students to Spanish language and culture, Spanish I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Spanish culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history 

of Spanish-speaking people. 

06102 Spanish II 

Spanish II courses build upon skills developed in Spanish I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Spanish and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Spanish-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06103 Spanish III 

Spanish III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06104 Spanish IV 

Spanish IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Spanish language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06105 Spanish V 

Spanish V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

70
 
 

06106 Spanish for Native Speakers 

Spanish for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Spanish for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Spanish foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people 

and introduce translation skills. 

06107 Spanish Field Experience 

Spanish Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Spanish is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06108 Spanish Conversation and Culture 

Spanish Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Spanish 

language and the culture(s) of Spanish-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06109 Spanish Literature 

Spanish Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Spanish. 

06110 IB Language A (non-English)—Spanish 

IB Language A (non-English)—Spanish courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06111 IB Language B—Spanish 

IB Language B—Spanish courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

71
 
 

06112 AP Spanish Language 

Designed by the College Board to parallel third-year college-level courses in Spanish 

Composition and Conversation, AP Spanish Language courses build upon prior knowledge and develop 

students’ ability to understand others and express themselves (in Spanish) accurately, coherently, and 

fluently in both formal and informal situations. Students will develop a vocabulary large enough to 

understand literary texts, magazine/newspaper articles, films and television productions, and so on. 

06113 AP Spanish Literature 

Designed by the College Board to parallel college-level Introduction to Hispanic Literature 

courses, AP Spanish Literature courses cover representative works from the literatures of Spain and 

Spanish America, encompassing all genres. The courses build students’ Spanish language proficiency so 

that they are able to read and understand moderately difficult prose and express critical opinions and 

literary analyses in oral and written Spanish (an ability equivalent to having completed a third-year 

college-level Spanish Language course). 

06121 French I 

Designed to introduce students to French language and culture, French I emphasizes basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. French culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history of the 

French-speaking people. 

06122 French II 

French II courses build upon skills developed in French I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in French and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of French-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06123 French III 

French III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both verbally 

and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06124 French IV 

French IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the French language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

72
 
 

06125 French V 

French V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06126 French for Native Speakers 

French for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), French for Native Speakers courses often move faster 

than do regular French foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of 

literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history of the 

people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06127 French Field Experience 

French Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where French is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06128 French Conversation and Culture 

French Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the French 

language and the culture(s) of French-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06129 French Literature 

French Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in French. 

06130 IB Language A (non-English)—French 

IB Language A (non-English)—French courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06131 IB Language B—French 

IB Language B—French courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

73
 
 

06132 AP French Language 

Designed to parallel third-year college-level courses in French Composition and Conversation, 

AP French Language courses build upon prior knowledge and develop students’ ability to understand 

others and express themselves (in French) accurately, coherently, and fluently. Students will develop a 

vocabulary large enough to understand literary texts, magazine/newspaper articles, films and television 

productions, and so on. 

06133 AP French Literature 

Designed to parallel college-level Introduction to French Literature courses (offered at a thirdyear level), AP French Literature courses cover representative works of French literature and build 

students’ French language proficiency so that they are able to read and understand moderately difficult 

prose and express critical opinions and analyses in correct oral and written French. The study of literary 

components (such as character, theme, structure, imagery, style, tone, and so on) is an important focus 

of AP French Literature. 

06141 Italian I 

Designed to introduce students to Italian language and culture, Italian I emphasizes basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. Italian culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history of the 

Italian-speaking people. 

06142 Italian II 

Italian II courses build upon skills developed in Italian I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Italian and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Italian-speaking people to 

deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06143 Italian III 

Italian III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both verbally 

and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06144 Italian IV 

Italian IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Italian language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

74
 
 

06145 Italian V 

Italian V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06146 Italian for Native Speakers 

Italian for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Italian for Native Speakers courses often move faster 

than do regular Italian foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of 

literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history of the 

people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06147 Italian Field Experience 

Italian Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Italian is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06148 Italian Conversation and Culture 

Italian Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Italian 

language and the culture(s) of Italian-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06149 Italian Literature 

Italian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing to 

literature written in Italian. 

06150 IB Language A (non-English)—Italian 

IB Language A (non-English)—Italian courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06151 IB Language B—Italian 

IB Language B—Italian courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

75
 
 

06161 Portuguese I 

Designed to introduce students to Portuguese language and culture, Portuguese I courses 

emphasize basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can 

read, write, speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using 

customary courtesies and conventions. Portuguese culture is introduced through the art, literature, 

customs, and history of the Portuguese-speaking people. 

06162 Portuguese II 

Portuguese II courses build upon skills developed in Portuguese I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Portuguese and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students 

learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that 

show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language 

when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Portuguesespeaking people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06163 Portuguese III 

Portuguese III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06164 Portuguese IV 

Portuguese IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Portuguese language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06165 Portuguese V 

Portuguese V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to 

understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06166 Portuguese for Native Speakers 

Portuguese for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of 

their own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and 

have a working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Portuguese for Native Speakers courses often 

move faster than do regular Portuguese foreign language courses and emphasize literary development 

(with a study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or 

history of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

76
 
 

 

06167 Portuguese Field Experience 

Portuguese Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact 

with native speakers, most typically in a setting where Portuguese is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06168 Portuguese Conversation and Culture 

Portuguese Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the 

Portuguese language and the culture(s) of Portuguese-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on 

speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06169 Portuguese Literature 

Portuguese Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in Portuguese. 

06170 IB Language A (non-English)—Portuguese 

IB Language A (non-English)—Portuguese courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06171 IB Language B—Portuguese 

IB Language B—Portuguese courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06181 Romance/Italic Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Romance/Italic language not otherwise described (e.g., 

Catalan, Sardinian, or Haitian Creole) and culture, Romance/Italic Language I courses emphasize basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. 

77
 
 

06182 Romance/Italic Language II 

Romance/Italic Language II courses build upon skills developed in Romance/Italic Language I, 

extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Romance/Italic language not 

otherwise described (e.g., Catalan, Sardinian, or Haitian Creole) and increasing their vocabulary. 

Typically, students learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write 

expressions or passages that show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and 

comprehend the language when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art 

forms of appropriate people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06183 Romance/Italic Language III 

Romance/Italic Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06184 Romance/Italic Language IV 

Romance/Italic Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, 

write, speak, and understand the Romance/Italic Language being studied so that they can maintain 

simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06185 Romance/Italic Language V 

Romance/Italic Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are 

able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06186 Romance/Italic Language for Native Speakers 

Romance/Italic Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Catalan, Sardinian, or Haitian Creole). 

Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working 

vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Romance/Italic Language for Native Speakers courses often 

move faster than do regular Romance/Italic Language courses and emphasize literary development (with 

a study of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the 

people and introduce translation skills. 

06187 Romance/Italic Language Field Experience 

Romance/Italic Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which 

they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Romance/Italic language (e.g., 

Catalan, Sardinian, or Haitian Creole) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language 

skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

78
 
 

06188 Romance/Italic Language Conversation and Culture 

Romance/Italic Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to a Romance/Italic language not otherwise described (e.g., Catalan, Sardinian, or Haitian 

Creole) and the culture(s) of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while 

de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06189 Romance/Italic Literature 

Romance/Italic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in a Romance/Italic language not otherwise described (e.g., Catalan, 

Sardinian, or Haitian Creole). 

06190 IB Language A (non-English)—Romance/Italic Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Romance/Italic Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06191 IB Language B—Romance/Italic Language 

IB Language B—Romance/Italic Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06199 Romance/Italic Language—Other 

Germanic Languages 

06201 German I 

Designed to introduce students to German language and culture, German I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. German culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and 

history of the German-speaking people. 

79
 
 

06202 German II 

German II courses build upon skills developed in German I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in German and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of German-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06203 German III 

German III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06204 German IV 

German IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the German language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06205 German V 

German V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06206 German for Native Speakers 

German for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), German for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular German foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06207 German Field Experience 

German Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where German is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

80
 
 

06208 German Conversation and Culture 

German Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the German 

language and the culture(s) of German-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06209 German Literature 

German Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in German. 

06210 IB Language A (non-English)—German 

IB Language A (non-English)—German courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06211 IB Language B—German 

IB Language B—German courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06212 AP German Language 

Designed to parallel third-year college-level courses in German Language, AP German 

Language courses build upon prior knowledge and develop students’ ability to understand spoken 

German in various conversational situations, to express themselves (in German) accurately and fluently, 

and to have a command of the structure of the German language. Students will develop a vocabulary 

large enough to understand literature, magazine/newspaper articles, films and television productions, 

and so on. 

06241 Germanic Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Germanic language not otherwise described (e.g., Dutch or 

Flemish) and culture, Germanic Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and syntax, simple 

vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and understand the language 

at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and conventions. 

81
 
 

06242 Germanic Language II 

Germanic Language II courses build upon skills developed in Germanic Language I, extending 

students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Germanic language not otherwise described 

(e.g., Dutch or Flemish) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn how to engage in 

discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show understanding of 

sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when spoken slowly. 

Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of appropriate people to deepen their 

understanding of the culture(s). 

06243 Germanic Language III 

Germanic Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts 

both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may 

include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal 

rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited 

situations. 

06244 Germanic Language IV 

Germanic Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, 

speak, and understand the Germanic Language being studied so that they can maintain simple 

conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to 

understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives 

that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06245 Germanic Language V 

Germanic Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to 

understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06246 Germanic Language for Native Speakers 

Germanic Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Dutch or Flemish). Because students 

understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary (to a 

greater or lesser degree), Germanic Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster than do 

regular Germanic Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of literature and 

composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people and introduce 

translation skills. 

06247 Germanic Language Field Experience 

Germanic Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they 

interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Germanic language (e.g., Dutch or 

Flemish) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, 

listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

82
 
 

06248 Germanic Language Conversation and Culture 

Germanic Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to a 

Germanic language not otherwise described (e.g., Dutch or Flemish) and the culture(s) of the people, 

placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the 

language. 

06249 Germanic Literature 

Germanic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in a Germanic language not otherwise described (e.g., Dutch or Flemish). 

06250 IB Language A (non-English)—Germanic Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Germanic Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06251 IB Language B—Germanic Language 

IB Language B—Germanic Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06259 Germanic Language—Other 

Celtic Languages 

06261 Celtic Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Celtic language (e.g., Gaelic or Welsh) and culture, Celtic 

Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so 

that students can read, write, speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas 

of need, using customary courtesies and conventions. Celtic culture is introduced through the art, 

literature, customs, and history of Celtic people. 

83
 
 

06262 Celtic Language II 

Celtic Language II courses build upon skills developed in Celtic Language I, extending students’ 

ability to understand and express themselves in a Celtic language (e.g., Gaelic or Welsh) and increasing 

their vocabulary. Typically, students learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social 

purposes, write expressions or passages that show understanding of sentence construction and the rules 

of grammar, and comprehend the language when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, 

history, and art forms of Celtic people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06263 Celtic Language III 

Celtic Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts 

both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may 

include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal 

rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited 

situations. 

06264 Celtic Language IV 

Celtic Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, 

speak, and understand the Celtic Language being studied so that they can maintain simple conversations 

with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand 

speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that 

indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06265 Celtic Language V 

Celtic Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to 

understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06266 Celtic Language for Native Speakers 

Celtic Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the 

language and have a working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Celtic Language for Native 

Speakers courses often move faster than do regular Celtic Language courses and emphasize literary 

development (with a study of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or 

history of the people and introduce translation skills. 

06267 Celtic Language Field Experience 

Celtic Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they 

interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Celtic language (e.g., Gaelic or Welsh) 

is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and 

speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

84
 
 

 

06268 Celtic Language Conversation and Culture 

Celtic Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to a 

Celtic language (e.g., Gaelic or Welsh) and the culture(s) of Celtic people, placing greater emphasis on 

speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06269 Celtic Literature 

Celtic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing to 

literature written in a Celtic language (e.g., Gaelic or Welsh). 

06270 IB Language A (non-English)—Celtic Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Celtic Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06271 IB Language B—Celtic Language 

IB Language B—Celtic Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06279 Celtic Language—Other 

Greek Language 

06281 Greek I 

Designed to introduce students to Greek language and culture, Greek I courses emphasize basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. Greek culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history of the 

Greek-speaking people. 

85
 
 

06282 Greek II 

Greek II courses build upon skills developed in Greek I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Greek and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Greek-speaking people to 

deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06283 Greek III 

Greek III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both verbally 

and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06284 Greek IV 

Greek IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Greek language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06285 Greek V 

Greek V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06286 Greek for Native Speakers 

Greek for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Greek for Native Speakers courses often move faster 

than do regular Greek foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of 

literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history of the 

people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06287 Greek Field Experience 

Greek Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Greek is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

86
 
 

06288 Greek Conversation and Culture 

Greek Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Greek 

language and the culture(s) of Greek-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06289 Greek Literature 

Greek Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing to 

literature written in Greek. 

06290 IB Language A (non-English)—Greek 

IB Language A (non-English)—Greek courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06291 IB Language B—Greek 

IB Language B—Greek courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06299 Greek—Other 

Classical Languages 

06301 Latin I 

Latin I courses expose students to the Latin language and culture, emphasizing basic grammar 

and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the influence of Latin on current English words. Students will be 

able to read and write in Latin on a basic level. 

06302 Latin II 

Latin II courses enable students to expand upon what they have learned in Latin I, increasing 

their skills and depth of knowledge through the practice of structures, forms, and vocabulary. Reading 

materials reflect Roman life and culture. 

87
 
 

06303 Latin III 

Latin III courses build students’ knowledge of the Latin language and culture, typically focusing 

on having students express increasingly complex concepts in writing and comprehend and react to 

original Latin texts. 

06304 Latin IV 

Latin IV courses build students’ knowledge of the Latin language and culture, typically focusing 

on having students express increasingly complex concepts in writing and comprehend and react to 

original Latin texts. 

06305 Latin V 

Latin V courses build students’ knowledge of the Latin language and culture, typically focusing 

on having students express increasingly complex concepts in writing and comprehend and react to 

original Latin texts. 

06311 IB Classical Languages—Latin 

IB Classical Languages—Latin courses seek to strike a balance between the study of the classic 

Latin language itself (structure, meaning, and formulation) and the civilization it reflects (particularly its 

culture, philosophies, and institutions). Course content enables students to understand, translate, and 

appreciate a classical Latin text; relate literature to its historical or social background; recognize current 

relevance of ancient literature; and apply acquired knowledge to other subjects. 

06313 AP Latin (Virgil, Catullus, and Horace) 

Designed to parallel advanced college-level courses in Latin studies, AP Latin courses build 

upon and increase knowledge of Latin, enabling students to read the language with comprehension, to 

accurately translate Latin into English, and to appreciate the stylistic literary techniques used by the 

authors. AP Latin courses also include study of the political, social, and cultural background of the 

literary works and their authors, as well as their influence on later literature. 

06321 Classical Greek I 

 Classical Greek I courses expose students to classic Greek language and culture, emphasizing 

basic grammar, syntax, and simple vocabulary. Students will be able to read and write in Latin on a 

basic level. 

06322 Classical Greek II 

 Classical Greek II courses enable students to expand upon what they have learned in Classical 

Greek I, increasing their skills and depth of knowledge through the practice of structures, forms, and 

vocabulary. Reading materials reflect Greek life and culture. 

88
 
 

06323 Classical Greek III 

 Classical Greek III courses build students’ knowledge of the classic Greek language and culture, 

typically focusing on having students express increasingly complex concepts in writing and comprehend 

and react to original Greek texts. 

06324 Classical Greek IV 

 Classical Greek IV courses build students’ knowledge of the classic Greek language and culture, 

typically focusing on having students express increasingly complex concepts in writing and comprehend 

and react to original Greek texts. 

06325 Classical Greek V 

 Classical Greek V courses build students’ knowledge of the classic Greek language and culture, 

typically focusing on having students express increasingly complex concepts in writing and comprehend 

and react to original Greek texts. 

06331 IB Classical Languages—Greek 

IB Classical Languages—Greek courses seek to strike a balance between the study of the classic 

Greek language itself (structure, meaning, and formulation) and the civilization it reflects (particularly 

its culture, philosophies, and institutions). Course content enables students to understand, translate, and 

appreciate a classical Greek text; relate literature to its historical or social background; recognize current 

relevance of ancient literature; and apply acquired knowledge to other subjects. 

06359 Classical Languages—Other 

East Asian Languages 

06401 Chinese I 

Designed to introduce students to Chinese language and culture, Chinese I courses emphasize 

basic syntax, simple vocabulary, written characters, and spoken tones so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Chinese culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and 

history of Chinese-speaking people. 

06402 Chinese II 

Chinese II courses build upon skills developed in Chinese I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Chinese and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and phrasing, and comprehend the language when spoken 

slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Chinese-speaking people to 

deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

89
 
 

06403 Chinese III 

Chinese III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06404 Chinese IV 

Chinese IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Chinese language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of language rules and a strong vocabulary. 

06405 Chinese V 

Chinese V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06406 Chinese for Native Speakers 

Chinese for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Chinese for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Chinese foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06407 Chinese Field Experience 

Chinese Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Chinese is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06408 Chinese Conversation and Culture 

Chinese Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Chinese 

language and the culture(s) of Chinese-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06409 Chinese Literature 

Chinese Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Chinese. 

90
 
 

06410 IB Language A (non-English)—Chinese 

IB Language A (non-English)—Chinese courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06411 IB Language B—Chinese 

IB Language B—Chinese courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06421 Japanese I 

Designed to introduce students to Japanese language and culture, Japanese I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Japanese culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and 

history of the Japanese-speaking people. 

06422 Japanese II 

Japanese II courses build upon skills developed in Japanese I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Japanese and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students 

learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that 

show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language 

when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Japanese-speaking 

people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06423 Japanese III 

Japanese III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06424 Japanese IV 

Japanese IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Japanese language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

91
 
 

06425 Japanese V 

Japanese V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to 

understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06426 Japanese for Native Speakers 

Japanese for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of 

their own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and 

have a working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Japanese for Native Speakers courses often 

move faster than do regular Japanese foreign language courses and emphasize literary development 

(with a study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or 

history of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06427 Japanese Field Experience 

Japanese Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Japanese is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06428 Japanese Conversation and Culture 

Japanese Conversation and Culture courses provide an introduction to the Japanese language and 

the culture(s) of Japanese-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills 

while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06429 Japanese Literature 

Japanese Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Japanese. 

06430 IB Language A (non-English)—Japanese 

IB Language A (non-English)—Japanese courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06431 IB Language B—Japanese 

IB Language B—Japanese courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

92
 
 

06441 Korean I 

Designed to introduce students to Korean language and culture, Korean I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Korean culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history 

of the Korean-speaking people. 

06442 Korean II 

Korean II courses build upon skills developed in Korean I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Korean and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Korean-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06443 Korean III 

Korean III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06444 Korean IV 

Korean IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Korean language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06445 Korean V 

Korean V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06446 Korean for Native Speakers 

Korean for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Korean for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Korean foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

93
 
 

06447 Korean Field Experience 

Korean Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Korean is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06448 Korean Conversation and Culture 

Korean Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Korean 

language and the culture(s) of Korean-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06449 Korean Literature 

Korean Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Korean. 

06450 IB Language A (non-English)—Korean 

IB Language A (non-English)—Korean courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06451 IB Language B—Korean 

IB Language B—Korean courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06481 East Asian Language I 

Designed to introduce students to an East Asian language not otherwise described (e.g., Tibetan 

and Mongolian) and culture, East Asian Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and syntax, 

simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and understand the 

language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and conventions. 

94
 
 

06482 East Asian Language II 

East Asian Language II courses build upon skills developed in East Asian Language I, extending 

students’ ability to understand and express themselves in an East Asian language not otherwise 

described (e.g., Tibetan and Mongolian) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn how 

to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of appropriate people to 

deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06483 East Asian Language III 

East Asian Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06484 East Asian Language IV 

East Asian Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, 

speak, and understand the East Asian Language being studied so that they can maintain simple 

conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to 

understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives 

that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06485 East Asian Language V 

East Asian Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able 

to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06486 East Asian Language for Native Speakers 

East Asian Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Tibetan and Mongolian). Because students 

understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary (to a 

greater or lesser degree), East Asian Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster than do 

regular East Asian Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of literature and 

composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people and introduce 

translation skills. 

06487 East Asian Language Field Experience 

East Asian Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they 

interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where an East Asian language (e.g., Tibetan and 

Mongolian) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, 

listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

95
 
 

06488 East Asian Language Conversation and Culture 

East Asian Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to 

an East Asian language not otherwise described (e.g., Tibetan and Mongolian) and the culture(s) of the 

people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and 

reading the language. 

06489 East Asian Literature 

East Asian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in an East Asian language not otherwise described (e.g., Tibetan and 

Mongolian). 

06490 IB Language A (non-English)—East Asian Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—East Asian Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06491 IB Language B—East Asian Language 

IB Language B—East Asian Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06499 East Asian Language—Other 

Southeast Asian Languages 

06501 Vietnamese I 

Designed to introduce students to Vietnamese language and culture, Vietnamese I courses 

emphasize basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can 

read, write, speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using 

customary courtesies and conventions. Vietnamese culture is introduced through the art, literature, 

customs, and history of the Vietnamese-speaking people. 

96
 
 

06502 Vietnamese II 

Vietnamese II courses build upon skills developed in Vietnamese I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Vietnamese and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students 

learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that 

show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language 

when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Vietnamesespeaking people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06503 Vietnamese III 

Vietnamese III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06504 Vietnamese IV 

Vietnamese IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Vietnamese language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06505 Vietnamese V 

Vietnamese V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to 

understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06506 Vietnamese for Native Speakers 

Vietnamese for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of 

their own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and 

have a working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Vietnamese for Native Speakers courses often 

move faster than do regular Vietnamese foreign language courses and emphasize literary development 

(with a study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or 

history of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06507 Vietnamese Field Experience 

Vietnamese Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact 

with native speakers, most typically in a setting where Vietnamese is the main language spoken. 

Students strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their 

ability to interact naturally. 

97
 
 

 

06508 Vietnamese Conversation and Culture 

Vietnamese Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the 

Vietnamese language and the culture(s) of Vietnamese-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on 

speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06509 Vietnamese Literature 

Vietnamese Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in Vietnamese. 

06510 IB Language A (non-English)—Vietnamese 

IB Language A (non-English)—Vietnamese courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06511 IB Language B—Vietnamese 

IB Language B—Vietnamese courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06521 Filipino I 

Designed to introduce students to Filipino language and culture, Filipino I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Filipino culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history 

of the people of the Philippines. 

06522 Filipino II 

Filipino II courses build upon skills developed in Filipino I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Filipino and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of the Philippines to deepen 

their understanding of the culture(s). 

98
 
 

06523 Filipino III 

Filipino III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06524 Filipino IV 

Filipino IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Filipino language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06525 Filipino V 

Filipino V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06526 Filipino for Native Speakers 

Filipino for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Filipino for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Filipino foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06527 Filipino Field Experience 

Filipino Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Filipino is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06528 Filipino Conversation and Culture 

Filipino Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Filipino 

language and the culture(s) of the people of the Philippines, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06529 Filipino Literature 

Filipino Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Filipino. 

99
 
 

06530 IB Language A (non-English)—Filipino 

IB Language A (non-English)—Filipino courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06531 IB Language B—Filipino 

IB Language B—Filipino courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

06581 Southeast Asian Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Southeast Asian language not otherwise described (e.g., 

Malay, Thai, and Lao) and culture, Southeast Asian Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and 

syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and understand 

the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and 

conventions. 

06582 Southeast Asian Language II 

Southeast Asian Language II courses build upon skills developed in Southeast Asian Language I, 

extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Southeast Asian language not 

otherwise described (e.g., Malay, Thai, and Lao) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students 

learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that 

show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language 

when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of appropriate people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06583 Southeast Asian Language III 

Southeast Asian Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06584 Southeast Asian Language IV 

Southeast Asian Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, 

write, speak, and understand the Southeast Asian Language being studied so that they can maintain 

simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

100
 
 

06585 Southeast Asian Language V 

Southeast Asian Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are 

able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06586 Southeast Asian Language for Native Speakers 

Southeast Asian Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Malay, Thai, and Lao). Because students 

understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary (to a 

greater or lesser degree), Southeast Asian Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster than 

do regular Southeast Asian Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of 

literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people and 

introduce translation skills. 

06587 Southeast Asian Language Field Experience 

Southeast Asian Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which 

they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Southeast Asian language (e.g., 

Malay, Thai, and Lao) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills (reading, 

writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06588 Southeast Asian Language Conversation and Culture 

Southeast Asian Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to a Southeast Asian language not otherwise described (e.g., Malay, Thai, and Lao) and the 

culture(s) of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing 

writing and reading the language. 

06589 Southeast Asian Literature 

Southeast Asian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in a Southeast Asian language not otherwise described (e.g., Malay, Thai, 

and Lao). 

06590 IB Language A (non-English)—Southeast Asian Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Southeast Asian Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

101
 
 

 

06591 IB Language B—Southeast Asian Language 

IB Language B—Southeast Asian Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06599 Southeast Asian/Austral-Asian Languages—Other 

Balto-Slavic Languages 

06601 Russian I 

Designed to introduce students to Russian language and culture, Russian I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Russian culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history 

of the Russian-speaking people. 

06602 Russian II 

Russian II courses build upon skills developed in Russian I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Russian and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Russian-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06603 Russian III 

Russian III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06604 Russian IV 

Russian IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Russian language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

102
 
 

06605 Russian V 

Russian V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06606 Russian for Native Speakers 

Russian for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Russian for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Russian foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06607 Russian Field Experience 

Russian Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Russian is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06608 Russian Conversation and Culture 

Russian Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Russian 

language and the culture(s) of Russian-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06609 Russian Literature 

Russian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Russian. 

06610 IB Language A (non-English)—Russian 

IB Language A (non-English)—Russian courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06611 IB Language B—Russian 

IB Language B—Russian courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

103
 
 

06641 Balto-Slavic Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Balto-Slavic language not otherwise described (e.g., Polish, 

Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Lithuanian) and culture, Balto-Slavic Language I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. 

06642 Balto-Slavic Language II 

Balto-Slavic Language II courses build upon skills developed in Balto-Slavic Language I, 

extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Balto-Slavic language not 

otherwise described (e.g., Polish, Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Lithuanian) and increasing their 

vocabulary. Typically, students learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, 

write expressions or passages that show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of 

grammar, and comprehend the language when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, 

history, and art forms of appropriate people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06643 Balto-Slavic Language III 

Balto-Slavic Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06644 Balto-Slavic Language IV 

Balto-Slavic Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, 

speak, and understand the Balto-Slavic Language being studied so that they can maintain simple 

conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to 

understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives 

that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06645 Balto-Slavic Language V 

Balto-Slavic Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able 

to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

104
 
 

06646 Balto-Slavic Language for Native Speakers 

Balto-Slavic Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Polish, Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, and 

Lithuanian). Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Balto-Slavic Language for Native Speakers courses 

often move faster than do regular Balto-Slavic Language courses and emphasize literary development 

(with a study of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the 

people and introduce translation skills. 

06647 Balto-Slavic Language Field Experience 

Balto-Slavic Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they 

interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Balto-Slavic language (e.g., Polish, 

Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Lithuanian) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their 

language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06648 Balto-Slavic Language Conversation and Culture 

Balto-Slavic Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction 

to a Balto-Slavic language not otherwise described (e.g., Polish, Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, and 

Lithuanian) and the culture(s) of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills 

while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06649 Balto-Slavic Literature 

Balto-Slavic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in a Balto-Slavic language not otherwise described (e.g., Polish, Armenian, 

Serbo-Croatian, and Lithuanian). 

06650 IB Language A (non-English)—Balto-Slavic Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Balto-Slavic Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06651 IB Language B—Balto-Slavic Language 

IB Language B—Balto-Slavic Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

105
 
 

06659 Balto-Slavic Language—Other 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Languages 

06661 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Turkic/Ural-Altaic language (e.g., Turkish, Finnish, and 

Hungarian) and culture, Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and syntax, 

simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and understand the 

language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and conventions. 

06662 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language II 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language II courses build upon skills developed in Turkic/Ural-Altaic 

Language I, extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Turkic/Ural-Altaic 

language (e.g., Turkish, Finnish, and Hungarian) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students 

learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that 

show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language 

when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of appropriate people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06663 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language III 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06664 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language IV 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, 

write, speak, and understand the Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language being studied so that they can maintain 

simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06665 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language V 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they 

are able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

106
 
 

06666 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language for Native Speakers 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand 

students’ knowledge of their own tongue (e.g., Turkish, Finnish, and Hungarian). Because students 

understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary (to a 

greater or lesser degree), Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster 

than do regular Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study 

of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people and 

introduce translation skills. 

06667 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language Field Experience 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in 

which they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Turkic/Ural-Altaic language 

(e.g., Turkish, Finnish, and Hungarian) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language 

skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06668 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language Conversation and Culture 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to a Turkic/Ural-Altaic language (e.g., Turkish, Finnish, and Hungarian) and the culture(s) 

of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing 

and reading the language. 

06669 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Literature 

 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting 

in writing to literature written in a Turkic/Ural-Altaic language (e.g., Turkish, Finnish, and Hungarian). 

06670 IB Language A (non-English)—Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language courses prepare students to take 

the International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course 

content includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, 

written analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to 

improve students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06671 IB Language B—Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language 

IB Language B—Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06679 Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language—Other 

107
 
 

Iranian/Persian Languages 

06681 Iranian/Persian Language I 

Designed to introduce students to an Iranian/Persian language (e.g., Persian, Kurdish, and 

Pashto) and culture, Iranian/Persian Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and syntax, simple 

vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and understand the language 

at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and conventions. 

06682 Iranian/Persian Language II 

Iranian/Persian Language II courses build upon skills developed in Iranian/Persian Language I, 

extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Iranian/Persian language (e.g., 

Persian, Kurdish, and Pashto) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn how to engage 

in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show understanding 

of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when spoken slowly. 

Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of appropriate people to deepen their 

understanding of the culture(s). 

06683 Iranian/Persian Language III 

Iranian/Persian Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06684 Iranian/Persian Language IV 

Iranian/Persian Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, 

write, speak, and understand the Iranian/Persian Language being studied so that they can maintain 

simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06685 Iranian/Persian Language V 

Iranian/Persian Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are 

able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

108
 
 

06686 Iranian/Persian Language for Native Speakers 

Iranian/Persian Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue (e.g., Persian, Kurdish, and Pashto). Because students understand at least 

the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser 

degree), Iranian/Persian Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster than do regular 

Iranian/Persian Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of literature and 

composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people and introduce 

translation skills. 

06687 Iranian/Persian Language Field Experience 

Iranian/Persian Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which 

they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where an Iranian/Persian language (e.g., 

Persian, Kurdish, and Pashto) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills 

(reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06688 Iranian/Persian Language Conversation and Culture 

Iranian/Persian Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to an Iranian/Persian language (e.g., Persian, Kurdish, and Pashto) and the culture(s) of the 

people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and 

reading the language. 

06689 Iranian/Persian Literature 

Iranian/Persian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in an Iranian/Persian language (e.g., Persian, Kurdish, and Pashto). 

06690 IB Language A (non-English)—Iranian/Persian Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Iranian/Persian Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06691 IB Language B—Iranian/Persian Language 

IB Language B—Iranian/Persian Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

109
 
 

06699 Iranian/Persian Language—Other 

Semitic and Near/Middle Eastern Languages 

06701 Hebrew I 

Designed to introduce students to Hebrew language and culture, Hebrew I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Hebrew culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history 

of the Hebrew-speaking people. 

06702 Hebrew II 

Hebrew II courses build upon skills developed in Hebrew I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Hebrew and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Hebrew-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06703 Hebrew III 

Hebrew III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06704 Hebrew IV 

Hebrew IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Hebrew language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06705 Hebrew V 

Hebrew V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

110
 
 

06706 Hebrew for Native Speakers 

Hebrew for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Hebrew for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Hebrew foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06707 Hebrew Field Experience 

Hebrew Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Hebrew is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06708 Hebrew Conversation and Culture 

Hebrew Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Hebrew 

language and the culture(s) of Hebrew-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06709 Hebrew Literature 

Hebrew Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Hebrew. 

06710 IB Language A (non-English)—Hebrew 

IB Language A (non-English)—Hebrew courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06711 IB Language B—Hebrew 

IB Language B—Hebrew courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

111
 
 

06712 IB Classical Languages—Hebrew 

IB Classical Languages—Hebrew courses seek to strike a balance between the study of the 

language itself (structure, meaning, and formulation) and the study of the civilization it reflects 

(particularly its culture, philosophies, and institutions). Course content enables students to understand, 

translate, and appreciate a classical Hebrew text; relate literature to its historical or social background; 

recognize current relevance of ancient literature; and apply acquired knowledge to other subjects. 

06721 Arabic I 

Designed to introduce students to Arabic language and culture, Arabic I courses emphasize basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. Arabic culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history of the 

Arabic-speaking people. 

06722 Arabic II 

Arabic II courses build upon skills developed in Arabic I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Arabic and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Arabic-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06723 Arabic III 

Arabic III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both verbally 

and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06724 Arabic IV 

Arabic IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Arabic language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06725 Arabic V 

Arabic V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

112
 
 

06726 Arabic for Native Speakers 

Arabic for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Arabic for Native Speakers courses often move faster 

than do regular Arabic foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of 

literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history of the 

people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06727 Arabic Field Experience 

Arabic Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Arabic is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06728 Arabic Conversation and Culture 

Arabic Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Arabic 

language and the culture(s) of Arabic-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06729 Arabic Literature 

Arabic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Arabic. 

06730 IB Language A (non-English)—Arabic 

IB Language A (non-English)—Arabic courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06731 IB Language B—Arabic 

IB Language B—Arabic courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

113
 
 

06732 IB Classical Languages—Arabic 

IB Classical Languages—Arabic courses seek to strike a balance between the study of the 

language itself (structure, meaning, and formulation) and the study of the civilization it reflects 

(particularly its culture, philosophies, and institutions). Course content enables students to understand, 

translate, and appreciate a classical Arabic text; relate literature to its historical or social background; 

recognize current relevance of ancient literature; and apply acquired knowledge to other subjects. 

06759 Semitic and Near/Middle Eastern Languages—Other 

Non-Semitic African Languages 

06761 Swahili I 

Designed to introduce students to Swahili language and culture, Swahili I courses emphasize 

basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, 

speak, and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary 

courtesies and conventions. Swahili culture is introduced through the art, literature, customs, and history 

of the Swahili-speaking people. 

06762 Swahili II 

Swahili II courses build upon skills developed in Swahili I, extending students’ ability to 

understand and express themselves in Swahili and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn 

how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show 

understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when 

spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of Swahili-speaking people 

to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06763 Swahili III 

Swahili III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06764 Swahili IV 

Swahili IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, and 

understand the Swahili language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient 

vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech spoken at a 

normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a good 

understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

114
 
 

06765 Swahili V 

Swahili V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to understand, 

initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading and writing 

tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

06766 Swahili for Native Speakers 

Swahili for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge of their 

own tongue. Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a 

working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Swahili for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Swahili foreign language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also incorporate more of the culture or history 

of the people than do regular foreign language courses and introduce translation skills. 

06767 Swahili Field Experience 

Swahili Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact with 

native speakers, most typically in a setting where Swahili is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06768 Swahili Conversation and Culture 

Swahili Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to the Swahili 

language and the culture(s) of Swahili-speaking people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and 

listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06769 Swahili Literature 

Swahili Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing 

to literature written in Swahili. 

06770 IB Language A (non-English)—Swahili 

IB Language A (non-English)—Swahili courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content includes indepth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written analyses of this 

literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve students’ 

accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06771 IB Language B—Swahili 

IB Language B—Swahili courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate 

Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on improving students’ 

accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ “second” language). 

Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand native speakers; students 

preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at native speed. 

115
 
 

06781 Non-Semitic African Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Non-Semitic African language not otherwise described (e.g., 

Ibo, Yoruba, and Amharic) and culture, Non-Semitic African Language I courses emphasize basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. 

06782 Non-Semitic African Language II 

Non-Semitic African Language II courses build upon skills developed in Non-Semitic African 

Language I, extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Non-Semitic African 

language not otherwise described (e.g., Ibo, Yoruba, and Amharic) and increasing their vocabulary. 

Typically, students learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write 

expressions or passages that show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and 

comprehend the language when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art 

forms of appropriate people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06783 Non-Semitic African Language III 

Non-Semitic African Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly 

complex concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals 

for students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06784 Non-Semitic African Language IV 

Non-Semitic African Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to 

read, write, speak, and understand the Non-Semitic African Language being studied so that they can 

maintain simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06785 Non-Semitic African Language V 

Non-Semitic African Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they 

are able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

116
 
 

06786 Non-Semitic African Language for Native Speakers 

Non-Semitic African Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand 

students’ knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Ibo, Yoruba, and Amharic). 

Because students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working 

vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), Non-Semitic African Language for Native Speakers courses 

often move faster than do regular Non-Semitic African Language courses and emphasize literary 

development (with a study of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or 

history of the people and introduce translation skills. 

06787 Non-Semitic African Language Field Experience 

Non-Semitic African Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in 

which they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Non-Semitic African 

language (e.g., Ibo, Yoruba, and Amharic) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their 

language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06788 Non-Semitic African Language Conversation and Culture 

Non-Semitic African Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to a Non-Semitic African language not otherwise described (e.g., Ibo, Yoruba, and 

Amharic) and the culture(s) of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills 

while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06789 Non-Semitic African Literature 

Non-Semitic African Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and 

reacting in writing to literature written in a Non-Semitic African language not otherwise described (e.g., 

Ibo, Yoruba, and Amharic). 

06790 IB Language A (non-English)—Non-Semitic African Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Non-Semitic African Language courses prepare students to take 

the International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course 

content includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, 

written analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to 

improve students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06791 IB Language B—Non-Semitic African Language 

IB Language B—Non-Semitic African Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses 

focus on improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the 

students’ “second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to 

understand native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate 

fluently at native speed. 

117
 
 

06799 African (non-Semitic) Language—Other 

American Sign Language 

06801 American Sign Language I 

Designed to introduce students to American Sign Language, American Sign Language I courses 

enable students to communicate with deaf persons through finger spelling, signed words, and gestures. 

Course topics may include the culture of and issues facing deaf people. 

06802 American Sign Language II 

American Sign Language II courses build upon skills developed in American Sign Language I, 

extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in American Sign Language and 

increasing their vocabulary and speed. Typically, students learn how to engage in discourse for 

informative or social purposes and to comprehend the language when signed slowly. 

06803 American Sign Language III 

American Sign Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include attaining 

more facility and faster understanding when viewing the language signed at normal rates and conversing 

easily within limited situations. 

06804 American Sign Language IV 

American Sign Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to sign and 

understand the language so that they can maintain simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and 

in an acceptable pace and have sufficient comprehension skills to understand the language when signed 

at a normal pace. 

06805 American Sign Language V 

American Sign Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are 

able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

06819 American Sign Language—Other 

118
 
 

American Indian Languages 

06821 American Indian Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a American Indian language not otherwise described (e.g., 

Navajo, Cherokee, and Kree) and culture, American Indian Language I courses emphasize basic 

grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, 

and understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies 

and conventions. 

06822 American Indian Language II 

American Indian Language II courses build upon skills developed in American Indian Language 

I, extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a American Indian language not 

otherwise described (e.g., Navajo, Cherokee, and Kree) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, 

students learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or 

passages that show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend 

the language when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of 

appropriate people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06823 American Indian Language III 

American Indian Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06824 American Indian Language IV 

American Indian Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, 

write, speak, and understand the American Indian Language being studied so that they can maintain 

simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06825 American Indian Language V 

American Indian Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are 

able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

119
 
 

06826 American Indian Language for Native Speakers 

American Indian Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ 

knowledge of their own tongue not otherwise described (e.g., Navajo, Cherokee, and Kree). Because 

students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary 

(to a greater or lesser degree), American Indian Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster 

than do regular American Indian Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a study of 

literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people and 

introduce translation skills. 

06827 American Indian Language Field Experience 

American Indian Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which 

they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a American Indian language (e.g., 

Navajo, Cherokee, and Kree) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills 

(reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06828 American Indian Language Conversation and Culture 

American Indian Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to a American Indian language not otherwise described (e.g., Navajo, Cherokee, and Kree) 

and the culture(s) of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while deemphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06829 American Indian Literature 

American Indian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in 

writing to literature written in a American Indian language not otherwise described (e.g., Navajo, 

Cherokee, and Kree). 

06830 IB Language A (non-English)—American Indian Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—American Indian Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06831 IB Language B—American Indian Language 

IB Language B—American Indian Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

120
 
 

06839 American Indian Language—Other 

Indic Languages 

06841 Indic Language I 

Designed to introduce students to an Indic language (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, and Romany) 

and culture, Indic Language I courses emphasize basic grammar and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the 

spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and understand the language at a basic level within 

predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and conventions. 

06842 Indic Language II 

Indic Language II courses build upon skills developed in Indic Language I, extending students’ 

ability to understand and express themselves in an Indic language (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, and 

Romany) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, students learn how to engage in discourse for 

informative or social purposes, write expressions or passages that show understanding of sentence 

construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend the language when spoken slowly. Students 

usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of appropriate people to deepen their understanding 

of the culture(s). 

06843 Indic Language III 

Indic Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex concepts both 

verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for students may include 

attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language spoken at normal rates, 

being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily within limited situations. 

06844 Indic Language IV 

Indic Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to read, write, speak, 

and understand the Indic Language being studied so that they can maintain simple conversations with 

sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient comprehension to understand speech 

spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, and write narratives that indicate a 

good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06845 Indic Language V 

Indic Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they are able to 

understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. Reading 

and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

121
 
 

 

06846 Indic Language for Native Speakers 

Indic Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand students’ knowledge 

of their own tongue (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, and Romany). Because students understand at least the 

rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary (to a greater or lesser degree), 

Indic Language for Native Speakers courses often move faster than do regular Indic Language courses 

and emphasize literary development (with a study of literature and composition). These courses may 

also include the culture or history of the people and introduce translation skills. 

06847 Indic Language Field Experience 

Indic Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in which they interact 

with native speakers, most typically in a setting where an Indic language (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, and 

Romany) is the main language spoken. Students strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, 

listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to interact naturally. 

06848 Indic Language Conversation and Culture 

Indic Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an introduction to an 

Indic language (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, and Romany) and the culture(s) of the people, placing greater 

emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing writing and reading the language. 

06849 Indic Literature 

Indic Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting in writing to 

literature written in an Indic language (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Panjabi, and Romany). 

06850 IB Language A (non-English)—Indic Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Indic Language courses prepare students to take the 

International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course content 

includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, written 

analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to improve 

students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06851 IB Language B—Indic Language 

IB Language B—Indic Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

06859 Indic Language—Other 

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Malayo-Polynesian Languages 

06861 Malayo-Polynesian Language I 

Designed to introduce students to a Malayo-Polynesian language (e.g., Malay, Indonesian, 

Hawaiian, and Samoan) and culture, Malayo-Polynesian Language I courses emphasize basic grammar 

and syntax, simple vocabulary, and the spoken accent so that students can read, write, speak, and 

understand the language at a basic level within predictable areas of need, using customary courtesies and 

conventions. 

06862 Malayo-Polynesian Language II 

 Malayo-Polynesian Language II courses build upon skills developed in Malayo-Polynesian 

Language I, extending students’ ability to understand and express themselves in a Malayo-Polynesian 

language (e.g., Malay, Indonesian, Hawaiian, and Samoan) and increasing their vocabulary. Typically, 

students learn how to engage in discourse for informative or social purposes, write expressions or 

passages that show understanding of sentence construction and the rules of grammar, and comprehend 

the language when spoken slowly. Students usually explore the customs, history, and art forms of 

appropriate people to deepen their understanding of the culture(s). 

06863 Malayo-Polynesian Language III 

Malayo-Polynesian Language III courses focus on having students express increasingly complex 

concepts both verbally and in writing while showing some spontaneity. Comprehension goals for 

students may include attaining more facility and faster understanding when listening to the language 

spoken at normal rates, being able to paraphrase or summarize written passages, and conversing easily 

within limited situations. 

06864 Malayo-Polynesian Language IV 

Malayo-Polynesian Language IV courses focus on advancing students’ skills and abilities to 

read, write, speak, and understand the Malayo-Polynesian Language being studied so that they can 

maintain simple conversations with sufficient vocabulary and an acceptable accent, have sufficient 

comprehension to understand speech spoken at a normal pace, read uncomplicated but authentic prose, 

and write narratives that indicate a good understanding of grammar and a strong vocabulary. 

06865 Malayo-Polynesian Language V 

Malayo-Polynesian Language V courses extend students’ facility with the language so that they 

are able to understand, initiate, and sustain general conversations on topics beyond basic survival needs. 

Reading and writing tasks will usually include all normal verb tenses (present, past, and future). 

123
 
 

06866 Malayo-Polynesian Language for Native Speakers 

Malayo-Polynesian Language for Native Speakers courses support, reinforce, and expand 

students’ knowledge of their own tongue (e.g., Malay, Indonesian, Hawaiian, and Samoan). Because 

students understand at least the rudiments and structure of the language and have a working vocabulary 

(to a greater or lesser degree), Malayo-Polynesian Language for Native Speakers courses often move 

faster than do regular Malayo-Polynesian Language courses and emphasize literary development (with a 

study of literature and composition). These courses may also include the culture or history of the people 

and introduce translation skills. 

06867 Malayo-Polynesian Language Field Experience 

Malayo-Polynesian Language Field Experience courses place students in an environment in 

which they interact with native speakers, most typically in a setting where a Malayo-Polynesian 

language (e.g., Malay, Indonesian, Hawaiian, and Samoan) is the main language spoken. Students 

strengthen their language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) and increase their ability to 

interact naturally. 

06868 Malayo-Polynesian Language Conversation and Culture 

Malayo-Polynesian Language Conversation and Culture courses provide students with an 

introduction to a Malayo-Polynesian language (e.g., Malay, Indonesian, Hawaiian, and Samoan) and the 

culture(s) of the people, placing greater emphasis on speaking and listening skills while de-emphasizing 

writing and reading the language. 

06869 Malayo-Polynesian Literature 

 Malayo-Polynesian Literature courses place an emphasis on reading, understanding, and reacting 

in writing to literature written in a Malayo-Polynesian language (e.g., Malay, Indonesian, Hawaiian, and 

Samoan). 

06870 IB Language A (non-English)—Malayo-Polynesian Language 

IB Language A (non-English)—Malayo-Polynesian Language courses prepare students to take 

the International Baccalaureate Language A exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. Course 

content includes in-depth study of literature chosen from the appropriate IB list of texts and authors, 

written analyses of this literature, and other oral and written assignments. Course content is designed to 

improve students’ accuracy and fluency in the language, which is usually the students’ native tongue. 

06871 IB Language B—Malayo-Polynesian Language 

IB Language B—Malayo-Polynesian Language courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Language B exams at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. These courses focus on 

improving students’ accuracy and fluency in oral and written communication (usually in the students’ 

“second” language). Students preparing to take the Subsidiary level exam will be able to understand 

native speakers; students preparing for the Higher level exam will be able to communicate fluently at 

native speed. 

124
 
 

06879 Malayo-Polynesian Language—Other 

General 

06995 Foreign Language and Literature—Aide 

Foreign Language and Literature—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

06997 Foreign Language and Literature—Independent Study 

Foreign Language and Literature—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors 

as mentors, enable students to explore foreign language-related topics of interest. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular language, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

06998 Foreign Language and Literature—Workplace Experience 

Foreign Language and Literature—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to foreign language and literature. Goals are typically set cooperatively by 

the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

06999 Foreign Language and Literature—Other 

125
 
 

Subject Area 7: Religious Education and Theology (secondary) 

07001 Religious Foundations 

Religious Foundations courses’ primary objectives include instruction in the history, tenets, and 

organization of a religion; development of personal faith and conviction; and exposure to the ways in 

which daily life may reflect personal religious beliefs. These courses typically include various 

components particular to a specific religion, such as religious sacraments and symbols, food laws, the 

authority and structure of the church, the church calendar, and so on. 

07002 Comparative Religion 

Comparative Religion courses survey and compare the various forms and values of several world 

religions, offering students a basic understanding of the world’s diverse religious faiths and practices. 

Course topics typically include the belief systems of adherents; the relationships among humans, nature, 

ancestors, and the spiritual world; and the historical development of each religion. 

07003 Eastern Religions 

Similar to Comparative Religion, Eastern Religions courses provide students with an overview 

of various religions and belief systems but focus on those of the Eastern World. Particular religious or 

philosophical systems of study usually include Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Taoism, Shintoism, and 

Confucianism, among others. 

07004 Western Religions 

Similar to Comparative Religion, Western Religions courses provide students with an overview 

of various religions and belief systems but focus on those of the Western World. Particular religious or 

philosophical systems of study usually include Judaism; Christianity (including various faiths such as 

those of Catholics, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quakers, Mormons, Mennonites, and others); and Native 

Indian belief systems, among others. 

07005 Scriptures 

Scriptures courses emphasize understanding and interpreting the sacred writings of a faith (such 

as the Bible, Torah, Koran, Book of Mormon, and so on) from the standpoint of a religious faith. Course 

objectives are designed so that students may comprehend the theological, doctrinal, and ethical 

messages contained within religious scriptures. 

07006 Old Testament 

Old Testament courses emphasize understanding and interpreting the sacred writings of the Old 

Testament from the standpoint of a religious faith and may focus on one or several books. Course 

content typically focuses on themes, theological concepts, and portrayal of ethical messages, but may 

also include critique and commentary. 

126
 
 

07007 New Testament 

New Testament courses emphasize understanding and interpreting the sacred writings of the 

New Testament from the standpoint of a religious faith and may focus on one or several religious books. 

Course content typically focuses on themes, theological concepts, and portrayal of ethical messages, but 

may also include critique and commentary. 

07008 Bible History 

Bible History courses treat the Bible as a historical document and provide an overview of 

significant biblical events. The content usually includes geography; the relationship among cultures, 

belief systems, and the events chronicled in the Bible; and early Jewish or Christian Church history. 

07009 Christology 

Christology courses concern the work and life of Jesus Christ and the literature related to him. 

Course content is typically based on Christian scriptures, leading to an examination of the message of 

Jesus Christ and applying His message to daily life. 

07010 Religious Figures 

Religious Figures courses offer students the opportunity to examine the lives and messages of 

one or several people who are central to a religious faith, such as a prophet, apostle, philosopher, or 

leader. In addition to a historical study of the person (or people), these courses typically emphasize how 

the teachings of these individuals influence the faith and culture of a religious group. 

07011 Liturgy and Prayer 

Liturgy and Prayer courses vary widely, usually depending upon the underlying religion, but 

generally seek to inform students about the meaning and message of public and private worship. Course 

content typically includes an examination or exploration of common rituals, spoken or sung prayers, and 

observed sacraments. 

07012 Prayer and Spirituality 

Prayer and Spirituality courses vary widely, but seek to enable students to experience deeper 

communion with the divine through public and private worship. Course content may include an 

examination or exploration of traditional and contemporary practices. 

07013 Religious Ethics and Morality 

Usually including an introduction to or examination of the tenets of a particular faith, Religious 

Ethics and Morality courses seek to enable students to apply the moral teachings of a faith to their own 

lives, to the larger community, and to their decision-making processes. Course content may focus on 

such issues as peace and justice, death and dying, human sexuality, professional ethics, and human 

rights. 

127
 
 

07014 Justice, Peace, and Faith 

Justice, Peace, and Faith courses examine the scriptural foundations for justice, typically with a 

historical overview of a faith’s social teaching. These courses discuss such topics as poverty, hunger, 

conflict, discrimination, justice, and environmental issues, with a view toward developing students’ 

ability to critically reflect upon and analyze their own roles and responsibilities. 

07015 Faith and Lifestyle 

Faith and Lifestyle courses focus on the development of young adults from puberty to adulthood, 

approached from the perspective of a faith or church. In these courses, the religion’s values and 

traditions provide an underpinning for examining such topics as identity, independence, sexuality, 

employment, and leisure. Typically, Faith and Lifestyle courses include discussions about adult roles— 

single life, marriage, religious life, and ordained ministry. 

07016 Ministry 

Ministry courses introduce students to the vocation of service. Students may learn counseling 

skills, plan and participate in religious services, and minister to younger students or to members of the 

local community (assisting in hospitals and convalescent homes, crisis centers, soup kitchens, and so 

on). 

07995 Religious Education and Theology—Aide 

Religious Education and Theology—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

07997 Religious Education and Theology—Independent Study 

Religious Education and Theology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors, members of the clergy, or religious leaders as mentors, enable students to explore topics of 

interest related to religion or theology. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for 

students to expand their expertise in a particular religion, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to 

develop more advanced skills. 

07998 Religious Education and Theology—Workplace Experience 

Religious Education and Theology—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to religion and theology. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

07999 Religious Education and Theology—Other 

128
 
 

Subject Area 8: Physical, Health, and Safety Education 

Physical Education 

08001 Physical Education 

Physical Education courses provide students with knowledge, experience, and an opportunity to 

develop skills in more than one of the following sports or activities: team sports, individual/dual sports, 

recreational sports, and fitness/conditioning activities. 

08002 Team Sports 

Team Sports courses provide students with knowledge, experience, and an opportunity to 

develop skills in more than one team sport (such as volleyball, basketball, soccer, and so on). 

08003 Individual/Dual Sports 

 Individual/Dual Sports courses provide students with knowledge, experience, and an opportunity 

to develop skills in more than one individual or dual sport (such as tennis, golf, badminton, 

jogging/running, racquetball, and so on). 

08004 Recreation Sports 

Recreation Sports courses provide students with knowledge, experience, and an opportunity to 

develop skills in more than one recreational sport or outdoor pursuit (such as adventure activities, 

croquet, Frisbee, wall climbing, bocce ball, fishing, hiking, cycling, and so on). 

08005 Fitness/Conditioning Activities 

Fitness/Conditioning Activities courses emphasize conditioning activities that help develop 

muscular strength, flexibility, and cardiovascular fitness. 

08006 Corps Movement 

Corps Movement courses emphasize physical conditioning, fundamentals of movement, group 

precision, and public performance. The courses may be intended for members of various teams, 

including flag corps, rifle corps, cheerleading squads, and so on. 

08007 Adapted Physical Education 

These courses provide physical education activities (sports, fitness, and conditioning) adapted 

for students with special needs. 

129
 
 

08008 Gymnastics 

Gymnastics courses are designed to help students develop knowledge and skills in gymnastics, 

stunts, and tumbling while emphasizing safety. Floor gymnastics may be supplemented by the use of 

gymnastic equipment such as balance beam, uneven bars, parallel bars, rings, and so on. Gymnastic 

courses may include other components such as the history of gymnastics and conditioning. 

08009 Weight Training 

Weight Training courses help students develop knowledge and skills with free weights and 

universal stations while emphasizing safety and proper body positioning; they may include other 

components such as anatomy and conditioning. 

08010 Aquatic/Water Sports 

Aquatic/Water Sports courses help students develop skills useful or necessary in an aquatic 

environment. They may focus on swimming and competitive strokes, such as freestyle, breaststroke, 

butterfly, and so on or may involve team-oriented water sports, such as water polo and relay swimming. 

These courses may also include (or concentrate exclusively on) diving and/or lifesaving skills. 

08011 Tennis 

Tennis courses help students develop knowledge, skills, and abilities related to the sport of 

singles or doubles tennis, including shots (such as serves, forehand strokes, backhand strokes, and lobs), 

scoring, and strategy. 

08012 Self-defense 

Self-defense courses help students develop knowledge, skills, and abilities to defend themselves 

against attack by others, usually incorporating traditional self-defense methods. Students may also be 

taught techniques from martial arts, addressing the differences among those arts and their contribution to 

defense and sport. 

08013 Specific Sports Activities 

Courses in Specific Sports Activities help students develop knowledge, experience, and skills in 

a single sport or activity (such as basketball, volleyball, track and field, and equestrian events) other 

than those coded within this section. (Dance is included under the Fine and Performing Arts subject 

area.) 

08014 Physical Education Equivalent 

These courses award physical education credit for other at-school activities, such as marching 

band or cheerleading. (Dance is included under the Fine and Performing Arts subject area.) 

130
 
 

08015 Off-Campus Sports 

These courses award physical education credit for off-campus sports activities such as swimming 

or weight training courses taken at a community center or community college. 

08016 Lifetime Fitness Education 

These courses emphasize acquiring knowledge and skills regarding lifetime physical fitness; 

content may include related topics such as nutrition, stress management, and consumer issues. Students 

may develop and implement a personal fitness plan. 

08017 Sports Physiology 

Courses in Sports Physiology examine human anatomy and physiology as they pertain to human 

movement and physical performance in sports activities. These courses may also emphasize the 

prevention and treatment of athletic injuries. 

08047 Physical Education—Independent Study 

Courses in Physical Education—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to physical education. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular sport or activity, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

08048 Physical Education—Workplace Experience 

Physical Education—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related 

to physical education. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences encountered in the workplace. 

08049 Physical Education—Other 

Health Education 

08051 Health Education 

Topics covered within Health Education courses may vary widely, but typically include personal 

health (nutrition, mental health and stress management, drug/alcohol abuse prevention, disease 

prevention, and first aid) and consumer health issues. The courses may also include brief studies of 

environmental health, personal development, and/or community resources. 

131
 
 

08052 Health and Fitness 

Health and Fitness courses combine the topics of Health Education courses (nutrition, stress 

management, substance abuse prevention, disease prevention, first aid, and so on) with an active fitness 

component (typically including aerobic activity and fitness circuits) with the intention of conveying the 

importance of life-long wellness habits. 

08053 Community Health 

Community Health courses cover not only personal health topics (nutrition, stress management, 

substance abuse prevention, disease prevention, first aid, and so on), but also more general health issues. 

These additional topics may include (among others) available community resources, fundamentals of the 

nation’s health care system, contemporary world health issues, and career options within the health 

field. 

08054 Special Needs Health Education 

Special Needs Health Education courses focus on the health requirements of individuals with 

special needs and emphasize meeting those needs within the home setting. These courses provide 

information regarding the elderly and individuals with disabilities, handicaps, and/or debilitating 

illnesses, along with strategies to prepare students for their possible roles as caretakers. 

08055 Safety and First Aid 

Safety and First Aid courses provide specialized instruction in first aid techniques, 

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), relief of obstructed airways, and general safety procedures and 

behaviors. These courses may include such topics as an overview of community agencies and hotlines 

providing emergency care and information and opportunities for first aid and CPR certification. 

08056 Health for Parenting Teens 

Designed for pregnant teens and/or parents, topics within Health for Parenting Teens courses 

cover a wide range of both health and parenting issues, typically including prenatal and postnatal care, 

health and well-being of young parents, child development, stress management, and parental/adult roles. 

The courses may also involve academic assistance, career exploration, financial management, and so on. 

08057 Health and Life Management 

Health and Life Management courses focus as much on consumer education topics (such as 

money management and evaluation of consumer information and advertising) as on personal health 

topics (such as nutrition, stress management, drug/alcohol abuse prevention, disease prevention, and 

first aid). Course objectives include helping students develop decision-making, communication, 

interpersonal, and coping skills and strategies. 

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08058 Substance Abuse Prevention 

Substance Abuse Prevention courses focus specifically on the health risks of drugs, alcohol and 

tobacco. These courses provide information on the negative consequences of these products and teach 

students coping strategies to resist the influences (such as peers and media images) that may entice them 

to use these substances. Students may also explore the community resources available to them. 

08097 Health Education—Independent Study 

Courses in Health Education—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to health and health education. Independent Study 

courses may provide students with opportunity to expand expertise in a particular application, to explore 

a topic of special interest in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

08098 Health Education—Workplace Experience 

Health Education—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to 

health education. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences encountered in the workplace. 

08099 Health Education—Other 

Drivers’ Education 

08151 Drivers’ Education—Classroom Only 

Drivers’ Education—Classroom Only courses provide students with the knowledge to become 

safe drivers on America’s roadways. Topics in these courses include legal obligations and responsibility, 

rules of the road and traffic procedures, safe driving strategies and practices, and the physical and 

mental factors affecting the driver’s capability (including alcohol and other drugs). 

08152 Drivers’ Education—Classroom and Laboratory 

 Drivers’ Education—Classroom and Laboratory courses provide students with the knowledge 

and experience to become safe drivers on America’s roadways. Topics in these courses cover legal 

obligations and responsibility, rules of the road and traffic procedures, safe driving strategies and 

practices, and the physical and mental factors affecting the driver’s capability (including alcohol and 

other drugs). Experience in driving a vehicle is an essential component of these courses. 

08197 Drivers’ Education—Independent Study 

Courses in Drivers’ Education—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to drivers’ education. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore 

a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

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08198 Drivers’ Education—Workplace Experience 

Drivers’ Education—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related 

to drivers’ education. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

08199 Drivers’ Education—Other 

All Others 

08201 Physical Education/Health/Drivers’ Education 

Physical Education/Health/Drivers’ Education courses combine a range of activities and topics 

involving physical skills, human health issues, and safe driving. They are offered in ways that cover two 

or three of these areas. The physical education portion of these courses draws on team, individual, dual, 

recreational, and/or conditioning activities. The human health portion typically covers issues such as 

nutrition, stress management, drug/alcohol abuse prevention, and first aid. The drivers’ education 

portion usually includes legal obligations and responsibilities, rules of the road and traffic procedures, 

safe driving strategies, and related topics. 

08995 Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Aide 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

08997 Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Independent Study 

Courses in Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Independent Study, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to physical, health, and safety 

education. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise 

in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced physical, 

health and/or safety skills. 

08998 Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Workplace Experience 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Workplace Experience courses provide work 

experience in a field related to physical, health, and safety education. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

08999 Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Other 

134
 
 

Subject Area 9: Military Science 

General 

09001 Introduction to Junior ROTC 

Introduction to Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) courses introduce students to the 

purposes and objectives of the Reserve Officer Training Corps program, which seeks to educate high 

school students in citizenship, promote community service, and instill responsibility. As part of that 

introduction, course topics typically include a brief history of the military branches in the United States 

and the basics of military drill, ceremony, and rank structure. 

09002 Military Junior ROTC—unspecified branch 

Although individual course sequences may vary, the primary objectives of Military Junior 

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) courses are to provide students with instruction in the history, 

organization, role, objectives, and achievements of a particular branch of the U.S. Armed Forces; help 

them develop personal fitness, strong character, and leadership qualities; and expose them to the career 

opportunities provided by the U.S. Armed Services. These courses typically cover such topics as 

military customs, courtesies, rank, drill, and ceremonies and also emphasize citizenship and scholarship. 

The course content typically includes subjects related to the particular branch being studied (such as 

map-reading, nautical skills, aerospace technology, or communication technologies), as well as more 

general subjects (international law, national defense, celestial navigation, and geopolitical strategy). 

09003 ROTC Drill 

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Drill courses provide students with an additional 

opportunity to improve their skills in military precision. These courses emphasize marching style and 

formations, firearm manipulation, body coordination and mechanics, and performing as a member of an 

orchestrated team. Class members typically participate in ceremonies and competitions. 

09004 Military Leadership 

Military Leadership courses focus solely on increasing students’ leadership skills, particularly as 

they relate to military operations, customs, and hierarchies. These courses are typically a regular part of 

the ROTC programs described below (typically the final course within a program series); this Military 

Leadership course code and title should be used when those descriptions do not apply. The principles 

and skills taught in these courses include supervision, motivation, evaluation, and setting an example, 

and their application typically include military drill and inspections, athletic events, and other school 

activities. 

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Army 

09051 Army Junior ROTC I 

Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) I courses include instruction in the 

organization and functions of the U.S. Army, leadership skills, and life skills education. The content of 

these courses cover (but is not limited to) the history and evolution of the Army, including its structure, 

operations, customs and courtesies; maps and navigation; first aid, personal hygiene, and field 

sanitation; and substance abuse prevention. These courses also introduce students to principles of 

leadership and citizenship. 

09052 Army Junior ROTC II 

Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) II courses build upon the content of Army 

Junior ROTC I and include (but are not limited to) ongoing instruction in leadership principles and 

citizenship; drill and ceremonies; organizational structure; command and staff relationships, functions, 

and responsibilities; significant military campaigns and leaders; map-reading and orienteering; weapon 

safety and marksmanship; and survival training. 

09053 Army Junior ROTC III 

Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) III courses build upon prior Army Junior 

ROTC courses, giving more emphasis to leadership development. These courses serve to strengthen 

students’ leadership skills (including planning, problem-solving, motivation, and performance appraisal) 

and management skills (with regard to time, personnel, and other resources) through allowing them to 

assume leadership duties. Students study topics introduced in earlier years—such as military history, 

map-reading and orienteering, marksmanship, and drill and ceremonies—at a more advanced level and 

are also provided with military service opportunities. 

09054 Army Junior ROTC IV 

Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) IV courses focus on practical leadership 

by assigning students to command and staff positions in which they present instruction to lower Army 

Junior ROTC classes and continue to study and review staff functions and actions, staff-commander 

relationships, and leadership principles. Topics introduced in earlier years may be studied at more 

advanced levels. 

Navy 

09101 Naval Junior ROTC I 

Naval Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) I courses emphasize citizenship and 

leadership development, as well as maritime heritage, sea power, and Naval operations and customs. 

These courses include (but are not limited to) an introduction to the Naval Junior ROTC program, U.S. 

Navy mission and organization, maritime geography, naval history, basic seamanship, oceanography, 

and health education. 

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09102 Naval Junior ROTC II 

Naval Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) II courses build upon the content of Naval 

Junior ROTC I. These courses include (but are not limited to) leadership principles and discipline, 

citizenship, naval opportunities and career planning, naval ships and weaponry, seamanship, 

meteorology and weather, and survival training. Students continue to learn teamwork, naval history, and 

military principles. 

09103 Naval Junior ROTC III 

Naval Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) III courses build upon prior Naval Junior 

ROTC courses. These courses include (but are not limited to) leadership principles and discipline, 

military justice, international law and the sea, naval intelligence/strategies and national security, and 

sciences involved in naval operations, such as electricity, electronics, communications technologies, and 

so on. Students continue to learn teamwork, naval history, and military principles. 

09104 Naval Junior ROTC IV 

Naval Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) IV courses are focused on practical 

leadership, placing students in positions where they can learn, practice, and understand skills involved in 

leading others, such as supervision, motivation, evaluation, setting examples, and problem-solving. 

Application of these skills usually includes military drill and inspections, athletic events, and other 

school activities. Topics introduced in earlier years may be studied at more advanced levels. 

Air Force 

09151 Air Force Junior ROTC I 

Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) I courses include both aerospace 

studies and leadership/life skills education. In these courses, leadership/life skills lessons cover the 

heritage and development of the Air Force, including its structure, operations, customs, and courtesies. 

Aerospace topics include the development, history, and impact of flight; aircraft and spacecraft; and the 

environment in which these crafts operate. 

09152 Air Force Junior ROTC II 

Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) II courses include both aerospace 

studies and leadership/life skills education. In these courses, leadership/life skills lessons cover 

intercommunication skills, drill, and military ceremonies. Aerospace topics emphasize the science of 

flight, including factors of aerospace power, aircraft flight, and navigation. 

09153 Air Force Junior ROTC III 

Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) III courses include both aerospace 

studies and leadership/life skills education. These courses continue to develop students’ life and 

leadership skills and the ways in which they apply to military life. Aerospace topics emphasize space 

technology and exploration; examine national defense systems; and advance students’ knowledge of 

aviation, propulsion, and navigation. 

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09154 Air Force Junior ROTC IV 

Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) IV courses include both aerospace 

studies and leadership/life skills education. The life skills education portion of these courses 

concentrates on leadership and management principles and career opportunities, and aerospace topics 

include advanced aerodynamics and aeronautics. Course content may also cover elements of national 

power and relationships between the nations of the world. 

Marine Corps 

09201 Marine Corps Junior ROTC I 

Marine Corps Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) I courses introduce the Marine 

Corps Junior ROTC program, with an emphasis on personal growth and responsibility along with 

general military subjects. These courses include (but are not limited to) physical training; health 

education, including hygiene, first aid, nutrition, and substance abuse prevention; and communication 

skills. In these courses, students are introduced to and study Marine Corps values and code of conduct; 

drill and ceremony; military uniforms, customs, and courtesies; military history; and the Marine Corps 

structure and chain of command. 

09202 Marine Corps Junior ROTC II 

Marine Corps Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) II courses build upon Marine 

Corps Junior ROTC I. These courses emphasize personal growth and responsibility, leadership, and 

citizenship along with military subjects that typically include the mission, organization, and history of 

the Marine Corps; geography, maps, and navigation; drill and ceremony; and military justice. Students 

learn about such leadership skills as authority, responsibility, and accountability and citizenship topics 

including U.S. government structures, documents, and symbols. 

09203 Marine Corps Junior ROTC III 

Marine Corps Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) III courses build upon prior 

Marine Corps Junior ROTC courses. These courses include (but are not limited to) leadership practice, 

including training, inspection and evaluation; public service career opportunities; and citizenship 

responsibilities. These courses cover such personal skills as financial planning, saving and investing, 

and evaluating credit and insurance terms. Students learn about the structures of other armed service 

branches, advance their mapping and navigation skills, and may study firearm use, safety and 

marksmanship. Students continue to learn teamwork, Marine Corps history, and military principles. 

09204 Marine Corps Junior ROTC IV 

Marine Corps Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) IV courses focus on the practical 

application of skills learned throughout the program: leadership, communication (written and verbal), 

personal growth, and public service. These courses emphasize drill and ceremony, physical fitness, 

marksmanship, land navigation, and military history at more advanced levels than in previous courses. 

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Other 

09995 Military Science—Aide 

Military Science—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in preparing, 

organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional assistance to 

other students. 

09997 Military Science—Independent Study 

Courses in Military Science—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors/armed 

services personnel as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to military science. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

09998 Military Science—Workplace Experience 

Military Science—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience within 

the field of military science and are supported by classroom attendance and discussion. In these courses, 

goals are set for the employment period, and classroom experience may involve further study in the 

field, improvement of employability skills, or discussion regarding the experiences and problems that 

students encounter on the job. 

09999 Military Science—Other 

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Subject Area 10: Computer and Information Sciences 

Computer Literacy 

10001 Introduction to Computers 

Introduction to Computer courses introduce students to computers and peripheral devices, the 

functions and uses of computers, the language used in the computer industry, possible applications of 

computers, and occupations related to computer hardware and software. These courses typically explore 

legal and ethical issues associated with computer use, as well as how computers influence modern 

society. Students may also be required to perform some computer operations. 

10002 Computing Systems 

Computing Systems courses offer a broad exploration of the use of computers in a variety of 

fields. These courses have a considerable range of content, but typically include the introduction of 

robotics and control systems, computer-assisted design, computer-aided manufacturing systems, and 

other computer technologies as they relate to industry applications. 

10003 Computer and Information Technology 

Computer and Information Technology courses teach students to operate and use computer and 

information technology, emphasizing their role as tools to communicate more effectively, conduct 

research more efficiently, and increase productivity. Course content includes the legal and ethical issues 

involved with computer technology and use. 

10004 Computer Applications 

In Computer Applications courses, students acquire knowledge of and experience in the proper 

and efficient use of previously written software packages. These courses explore a wide range of 

applications, including (but not limited to) word-processing, spreadsheet, graphics, and database 

programs, and they may also cover the use of electronic mail and desktop publishing. 

10005 Business Computer Applications 

In Business Computer Applications courses, students acquire knowledge of and experience in 

the proper and efficient use of previously written software packages, particularly those used in the 

business world. Generally, these courses explore a wide range of applications, including (but not limited 

to) word-processing, spreadsheet, graphics, and database programs, and they may also cover topics such 

as electronic mail, desktop publishing, and telecommunications. 

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10006 Telecommunications 

Telecommunications courses address the growth in global communications and the emerging 

equipment and systems needed to successfully communicate in a global environment. These courses 

cover such topics as data communication protocol and systems, government regulations of the 

communications industry, and the use of cost-effective and productive tools to transmit messages and 

data. In these courses, students may learn about such communication systems as e-mail, internet or ecommerce, LAN, WAN, voice transmission, cell phone technology, and traditional teleconferencing. 

10007 IB Information Technology in a Global Society 

IB Information Technology in a Global Society courses prepare students to take the International 

Baccalaureate Information Technology exams and examine the interaction among information, 

technology, and society. Course content is designed to help students develop a systematic, problemsolving approach to processing and analyzing information using a range of information tools. In these 

courses, students also discuss and evaluate how modern information technology affects individuals, 

relationships among people, and institutions and societies. 

10008 Particular Topics in Computer Literacy 

These courses examine particular topics related to general computer literacy other than those 

already described, such as privacy issues or instruction in using a particular software application. 

10047 Computer Literacy—Independent Study 

Computer Literacy—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore computer-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve as 

an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

10048 Computer Literacy—Workplace Experience 

Computer Literacy—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to 

computer literacy. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

10049 Computer Literacy—Other 

Management Information Systems 

10051 Information Management 

Information Management courses provide students with the knowledge and skills to develop and 

implement a plan for an information system that meets the needs of business. Students develop an 

understanding of information system theory, skills in administering and managing information systems, 

and the ability to analyze and design information systems. 

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10052 Database Management and Data Warehousing 

Database Management and Data Warehousing courses provide students with the skills necessary 

to design databases to meet user needs. Courses typically address how to enter, retrieve, and manipulate 

data into useful information. More advanced topics may cover implementing interactive applications for 

common transactions and the utility of mining data. 

10053 Database Applications 

Database Application courses provide students with an understanding of database development, 

modeling, design, and normalization. These courses typically cover such topics as SELECT statements, 

data definition, manipulation, control languages, records, and tables. In these courses, students may use 

Oracle WebDB, SQL, PL/SQL, SPSS, and SAS and may prepare for certification. 

10054 Data Systems/Processing 

Data Systems/Processing courses introduce students to the uses and operation of computer 

hardware and software and to the programming languages used in business applications. Students 

typically use BASIC, COBOL, and/or RPL languages as they write flowcharts or computer programs 

and may also learn data-processing skills. 

10055 Particular Topics in Management Information Systems 

These courses examine particular topics in management information systems other than those 

already described. 

10097 Management Information Systems—Independent Study 

Management Information Systems—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics related to management information systems. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

10098 Management Information Systems—Workplace Experience 

Management Information Systems—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in 

fields related to management information systems. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, 

teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

10099 Management Information Systems—Other 

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Network Systems 

10101 Network Technology 

Network Technology courses address the technology involved in the transmission of data 

between and among computers through data lines, telephone lines, or other transmission media (such as 

hard wiring, cable television networks, radio waves, and so on). These courses may emphasize the 

capabilities of networks, network technology itself, or both. Students typically learn about network 

capabilities—including electronic mail, public networks, and electronic bulletin boards—and network 

technology—including network software, hardware, and peripherals involved in setting up and 

maintaining a computer network. 

10102 Networking Systems 

Networking Systems courses are designed to provide students with the opportunity to understand 

and work with hubs, switches, and routers. Students develop an understanding of LAN (local area 

network), WAN (wide area network), wireless connectivity, and Internet-based communications with a 

strong emphasis on network function, design, and installation practices. Students acquire skills in the 

design, installation, maintenance, and management of network systems that may help them obtain 

network certification. 

10103 Area Network Design and Protocols 

Area Network Design and Protocols courses address the role of computers in a network system, 

the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, structured wiring systems, and simple LAN (local area 

network) and WAN (wide area network) designs. 

10104 Router Basics 

Router Basics courses teach students about router components, start-up, and configuration using 

CISCO routers, switches, and the IOS (Internetwork Operation System). These courses also cover such 

topics as TCP/IP protocol, IP addressing, subnet masks, and network trouble-shooting. 

10105 NetWare Routing 

NetWare Routing courses introduce students to such topics as Virtual LANs (VLAN) and 

switched internetworking, comparing traditional shared local area network (LAN) configurations with 

switched LAN configurations, and they also discuss the benefits of using a switched VLAN architecture. 

These courses also may cover routing protocols like RIP, IGRP, Novell IPX, and Access Control Lists 

(ACLs). 

10106 Wide Area Telecommunications and Networking 

Wide Area Telecommunications and Networking courses provide students with the knowledge 

and skills to enable them to design Wide Area Networks (WANs) using ISDN, Frame-Relay, and PPP. 

Students gain knowledge and skills in network management and maintenance and develop expertise in 

trouble-shooting and assessing the adequacy of network configuration to meet changing conditions. 

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10107 Wireless Networks 

Wireless Networks courses focus on the design, planning, implementation, operation, and 

trouble-shooting of wireless computer networks. These courses typically include a comprehensive 

overview of best practices in technology, security, and design, with particular emphasis on hands-on 

skills in (1) wireless LAN set-up and trouble-shooting; (2) 802.11a & 802.11b technologies, products, 

and solutions; (3) site surveys; (4) resilient WLAN design, installation, and configuration; (5) vendor 

interoperability strategies; and (6) wireless bridging. 

10108 Network Security 

Network Security courses teach students how to design and implement security measures in 

order to reduce the risk of data vulnerability and loss. Course content usually includes typical security 

policies; firewall design, installation, and management; secure router design, configuration, and 

maintenance; and security-specific technologies, products, and solutions. 

10109 Essentials of Network Operating Systems 

Essentials of Network Operating Systems courses provide a study of multi-user, multi-tasking 

network operating systems. In these courses, students learn the characteristics of the Linux, Windows 

2000, NT, and XP network operating systems and explore a variety of topics including installation 

procedures, security issues, back-up procedures, and remote access. 

10110 Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) 

Microsoft Certified Professional courses provide students with the knowledge and skills 

necessary to be employed as a network administrator in the latest Windows server-networking 

environment. Topics include installing, configuring, and trouble-shooting the Windows server. These 

courses prepare students to set up network connections; manage security issues and shares; and develop 

policies. Students are typically encouraged to take the MCP exam. 

10111 Particular Topics in Networking Systems 

These courses examine particular topics in networking systems other than those already 

described. 

10147 Networking Systems—Independent Study 

 Networking Systems—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics related to networking systems. Independent Study courses may serve 

as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic 

in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

144
 
 

10148 Networking Systems—Workplace Experience 

Networking Systems—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to networking systems. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

10149 Networking Systems—Other 

Computer Science/Programming 

10151 Business Programming 

Business Programming courses provide students with experience in using previously written 

software packages as well as designing and writing programs of their own. The word-processing, 

spreadsheet, graphics, and database exercises in these courses contain a business industry focus, and the 

original programs are written in languages typical of this industry (Visual Basic (VB), C++, Java, BASIC, 

COBOL, and/or RPL). 

10152 Computer Programming 

Computer Programming courses provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to 

construct computer programs in one or more languages. Computer coding and program structure are 

often introduced with the BASIC language, but other computer languages, such as Visual Basic (VB), 

Java, Pascal, C++, and COBOL, may be used instead. Initially, students learn to structure, create, 

document, and debug computer programs, and as they progress, more emphasis is placed on design, 

style, clarity, and efficiency. Students may apply the skills they learn to relevant applications such as 

modeling, data management, graphics, and text-processing. 

10153 Visual Basic Programming 

Visual Basic (VB) Programming courses provide an opportunity for students to gain expertise in 

computer programs using the Visual Basic (VB) language. As with more general computer 

programming courses, the emphasis is on how to structure and document computer programs and how to 

use problem-solving techniques. These courses cover such topics as the use of text boxes, scroll bars, 

menus, buttons, and Windows applications. More advanced topics may include mathematical and 

business functions and graphics. 

10154 C++ Programming 

C++ Programming courses provide an opportunity for students to gain expertise in computer 

programs using the C++ language. As with more general computer programming courses, the emphasis 

is on how to write logically structured programs, include appropriate documentation, and use problemsolving techniques. More advanced topics may include multi-dimensional arrays, functions, and records. 

145
 
 

10155 Java Programming 

Java Programming courses provide students with the opportunity to gain expertise in computer 

programs using the Java language. As with more general computer programming courses, the emphasis 

is on how to structure and document computer programs, using problem-solving techniques. Topics 

covered in the course include syntax, I/O classes, string manipulation, and recursion. 

10156 Computer Programming—Other Language 

Computer Programming—Other Language courses provide students with the opportunity to gain 

expertise in computer programs using languages other than those specified (such as Pascal, FORTRAN, 

or emerging languages). As with other computer programming courses, the emphasis is on how to 

structure and document computer programs, using problem-solving techniques. As students advance, 

they learn to capitalize on the features and strengths of the language being used. 

10157 AP Computer Science A 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to mirror college-level computer 

science courses, AP Computer Science A courses provide students with the logical, mathematical, and 

problem-solving skills needed to design structured, well-documented computer programs that provide 

solutions to real-world problems. These courses cover such topics as programming methodology, 

features, and procedures; algorithms; data structures; computer systems; and programmer 

responsibilities. 

10158 AP Computer Science AB 

Following the College Board’s suggested curriculum designed to mirror college-level computer 

science courses, AP Computer Science AB courses (in addition to covering topics included in AP 

Computer Science A) provide a more formal and extensive study of program design, algorithms, data 

structures, and execution costs. 

10159 IB Computing Studies 

IB Computer Studies courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Computing 

Studies exam at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. The courses emphasize problem analysis, efficient 

use of data structures and manipulation procedures, and logical decision-making. IB Computing Studies 

courses also cover the applications and effects of the computer on modern society as well as the 

limitations of computer technology. 

10160 Particular Topics in Computer Programming 

These courses examine particular topics in computer programming other than those already 

described. 

146
 
 

10197 Computer Programming—Independent Study 

 Computer Programming—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics related to computer programming. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

10198 Computer Programming—Workplace Experience 

Computer Programming—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience 

in fields related to computer programming. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, 

and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom 

activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students 

encounter in the workplace. 

10199 Computer Programming—Other 

Media Technology 

10201 Web Page Design 

Web Page Design courses teach students how to design web sites by introducing them to and 

refining their knowledge of site planning, page layout, graphic design, and the use of markup 

languages—such as Extensible Hypertext Markup, JavaScript, Dynamic HTML, and Document Object 

Model—to develop and maintain a web page. These courses may also cover security and privacy issues, 

copyright infringement, trademarks, and other legal issues relating to the use of the Internet. Advanced 

topics may include the use of forms and scripts for database access, transfer methods, and networking 

fundamentals. 

10202 Computer Graphics 

Computer Graphics courses provide students with the opportunity to explore the capability of the 

computer to produce visual imagery and to apply graphic techniques to various fields, such as 

advertising, TV/video, and architecture. Typical course topics include modeling, simulation, animation, 

and image retouching. 

10203 Interactive Media 

Interactive Media courses provide students with the knowledge and skills to create, design, and 

produce interactive media products and services. The courses may emphasize the development of 

digitally generated and/or computer-enhanced media. Course topics may include 3D animation, graphic 

media, web development, and virtual reality. Upon completion of these courses, students may be 

prepared for industry certification. 

147
 
 

10204 Particular Topics in Media Technology 

These courses examine particular topics in internet design and applications other than those 

already described. 

10247 Media Technology—Independent Study 

Media Technology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics related to media technology. Independent Study courses may serve as 

an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

10248 Media Technology—Workplace Experience 

Media Technology—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to media technology. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

10249 Media Technology—Other 

Information Support and Services 

10251 Computer Technology 

Computer Technology courses introduce students to the features, functions, and design of 

computer hardware and provide instruction in the maintenance and repair of computer components and 

peripheral devices. 

10252 Computer Maintenance 

Computer Maintenance courses prepare students to apply basic electronic theory and principles 

in diagnosing and repairing personal computers and input/output devices. Topics may include operating, 

installing, maintaining, and repairing computers, network systems, digital control instruments, 

programmable controllers, and related robotics. 

10253 Information Support and Services 

Information Support and Services courses prepare students to assist users of personal computers 

by diagnosing their problems in using application software packages and maintaining security 

requirements. 

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10254 IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software 

IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software courses provide students with in-depth exposure to 

computer hardware and operating systems. Course topics include the functionality of hardware and 

software components as well as suggested best practices in maintenance and safety issues. Students 

learn to assemble and configure a computer, install operating systems and software, and troubleshoot 

hardware and software problems. In addition, these courses introduce students to networking and often 

prepare them for industry certification. 

10255 CISCO—The Panduit Network Infrastructure Essentials (PNIE) 

CISCO—PNIE courses provide students with the knowledge to create innovative network 

infrastructure solutions. These courses offer students basic cable installer information and help them 

acquire the skills to build and use the physical layer of network infrastructure and develop a deeper 

understanding of networking devices. 

10256 Particular Topics in Information Support and Services 

These courses examine particular topics in computer support, maintenance, and repair other than 

those already described. 

10297 Information Support and Services—Independent Study 

Information Support and Services—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors 

as mentors, enable students to explore topics related to computer information support and services. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

10298 Information Support and Services—Workplace Experience 

Information Support and Services—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in fields related to information support and/or service. Goals are typically set cooperatively 

by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

10299 Information Support and Services—Other 

All Others 

10995 Computer and Information Sciences—Aide 

Computer and Information Sciences—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

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10997 Computer and Information Sciences—Independent Study 

Computer and Information Sciences—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore computer-related topics of interest. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, 

to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

10998 Computer and Information Sciences—Workplace Experience 

Computer and Information Sciences—Workplace Experience courses provide students with 

work experience in fields related to computer and/or information sciences. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

10999 Computer and Information Sciences—Other 

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Subject Area 11: Communication and Audio/Visual Technology (secondary) 

Communication 

11001 Introduction to Communication 

Introduction to Communication courses enable students to understand and critically evaluate the 

role of media in society. Course content typically includes investigation of visual images, printed 

material, and audio segments as tools of information, entertainment, and propaganda; improvement of 

presentation and evaluative skills in relation to mass media; recognition of various techniques for 

delivery of a particular message; and, in some cases, creation of a media product. The course may 

concentrate on a particular medium. 

11002 Communication Technology 

Communication Technology courses enable students to effectively communicate ideas and 

information through experiences dealing with drafting, design, electronic communication, graphic arts, 

printing process, photography, telecommunications, and computers. Additional topics covered in the 

course include information storage and retrieval. Drafting equipment may be used to make scale 

drawings, including multi-view drawing, photographs, and poster mock-ups. 

11003 Particular Topics in Communication 

These courses examine specific topics in communication other than those already described. 

11047 Communication—Independent Study 

 Communication—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to mass communications. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore 

a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

11048 Communication—Workplace Experience 

Communication—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a 

field related to communication. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

11049 Communication—Other 

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Audio and Video Technology and Film 

11051 Audio/Visual Production 

Audio/Visual Production courses provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for 

television, video, film, and/or radio production. Writing scripts, camera operation, use of graphics and 

other visuals, lighting, audio techniques, editing, production principles, and career opportunities are 

typical topics covered within production courses. Students are usually required to produce their own 

program or segment. Additional topics such as broadcast industry regulations, radio/TV operation, 

power of the medium, photography, transmission technology, and so on may be included. 

11052 Commercial Photography 

Commercial Photography courses provide instruction in the use of cameras and laboratory filmprocessing techniques. Topics covered in the course include composition and color dynamics; contact 

printing; enlarging; developing film; use of camera meters, air brushes, and other photographic 

equipment; portrait, commercial, and industrial photography; processing microfilm; and preparing copy 

for printing or for graphic-arts processing. 

11053 Photographic Laboratory and Darkroom 

Photographic Laboratory and Darkroom courses prepare students to develop and print still or 

motion picture film. Topics covered in the course may include controlling resultant prints; touching up 

negatives; and finishing, coloring, restoring, and copying prints. 

11054 Photo Imaging 

Photo Imaging courses provide students with the opportunity to effectively communicate ideas 

and information via digital, film, still and video photography. Topics covered typically include 

composition, layout, lighting and supplies. More advanced courses may include instruction in 

specialized camera and equipment maintenance, application to commercial and industrial need and 

photography business operations. 

11055 Video 

Video courses enable students to explore video communications, incorporating both the technical 

and artistic aspects of video media. Topics covered in the course include the use of video equipment and 

techniques, and students typically create a video presentation. Advanced course topics may include 

creating various forms of film media including silent film; sport and music video; and self portrait 

video. 

11056 Particular Topics in Audio/Video Technology and Film 

These courses examine specific topics in audio and video technology and film other than those 

already described. 

152
 
 

11097 Audio/Video Technology and Film—Independent Study 

Audio/Video Technology and Film—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to A/V technology or film. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

11098 Audio/Video Technology and Film—Workplace Experience 

Audio/Video Technology and Film—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to audio/visual technology and/or film. Goals are typically set cooperatively 

by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

11099 Audio/Video Technology and Film—Other 

Journalism and Broadcasting 

11101 Journalism 

Journalism courses (typically associated with the production of a school newspaper, yearbook, or 

literary magazine) emphasize writing style and technique as well as production values and organization. 

Journalism courses introduce students to the concepts of newsworthiness and press responsibility; 

develop students’ skills in writing and editing stories, headlines, and captions; and teach students the 

principles of production design, layout, and printing. Photography and photojournalism skills may be 

included. 

11102 Photojournalism 

Photojournalism courses expose students to the manner in which photography is used to convey 

information and experiences. Typically coordinated with production of the school newspaper, yearbook, 

or other media product, photojournalism courses provide students with the opportunity to improve their 

photo composition and film development skills, and to apply their art to journalistic endeavors. 

11103 Broadcasting Technology 

Broadcasting Technology courses provide students with the knowledge and skills to produce 

television broadcast programs. Typically, students prepare and produce short programs, learning the 

technical aspects of the operation and how to evaluate programming and assess audience reaction and 

impact. 

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11104 Publication Production 

Publication Production courses provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to 

produce the school newspaper, yearbook, literary magazine, or other printed publication. Students may 

gain experience in several components (writing, editing, layout, production, and so on) or may focus on 

a single aspect while producing the publication. 

11105 Particular Topics in Journalism and Broadcasting 

These courses examine specific topics in journalism and broadcasting other than those already 

described. 

11147 Journalism and Broadcasting—Independent Study 

Journalism and Broadcasting—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to journalism, broadcasting, and mass 

media. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in 

a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

11148 Journalism and Broadcasting—Workplace Experience 

Journalism and Broadcasting—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to journalism or broadcasting. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

11149 Journalism and Broadcasting—Other 

Printing Technology and Production 

11151 Digital Media Technology 

These courses are designed to give students the skills necessary to support and enhance their 

learning about digital medial technology. Topics covered in the course may include internet research, 

copyright laws, web-publishing, use of digital imagery, electronic forums, newsgroups, mailing lists, 

presentation tools, and project planning. 

11152 Desktop Publishing 

Desktop Publishing courses integrate the knowledge and skills learning in word processing with 

the concepts, procedures and application of desktop publishing. Students learn to format, create and 

proofread brochures, programs, newsletters, web pages, presentations and manuscripts. 

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11153 Digital Media Design and Production 

Digital Media Design and Production courses teach students the fundamentals of graphic design 

and production and provide students with the opportunity to apply these principles to printed media, 

digital presentation media, and interactive media. 

11154 Commercial Graphic Design 

Commercial Graphic Design courses teach students to use artistic techniques to effectively 

communicate ideas and information to business and customer audiences via illustration and other forms 

of digital or printed media. Topics covered may include concept design, layout, paste-up and techniques 

such as engraving, etching, silkscreen, lithography, offset, drawing and cartooning, painting, collage and 

computer graphics. 

11155 Graphic Technology 

Graphic Technology courses help students apply artistic and computer techniques to the 

interpretation of technical and commercial concepts. Topics covered may include computer assisted art 

and design, printmaking, concept sketching, technical drawing, color theory, imaging, studio techniques, 

still life modeling, and commercial art business operations. Advanced topics may include topographic 

arrangements of print and/or electronic graphic and textual products, printing and lithographic 

equipment and operations, digital imaging, print preparation, desktop publishing and web page design. 

11156 Photography and Printing Technology 

Photography and Printing Technology courses expose students to the tools, materials and 

processes involved in mass production of photography and printing. Types of printing covered in the 

course may include intaglio, relief, planographic, screen processes printing, silk screening, serigraphy 

processes and thermograph. Additional topics may include the use of cameras, composition, imposition, 

presswork, and computer aided publishing. 

11157 Photoengraving 

Photoengraving courses teach students to photograph illustration and other copy that cannot be 

set in type, to develop negatives, and to prepare photosensitized metal plates for use in printing. 

11158 Print Press Operations 

These courses expose students to the necessary skills for operating a print press. Topics covered 

in this course include how to prepare, operate and maintain printing processes. 

11159 Particular Topics in Printing Technology and Production 

These courses examine specific topics in printing production, such as book binding or silk screen 

print making, other than those already described. 

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11197 Printing Technology—Independent Study 

Printing Technology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to the print medium. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

11198 Printing Technology—Workplace Experience 

Printing Technology—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

a field related to printing. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

11199 Printing Technology—Other 

All Others 

11995 Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Aide 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to 

assist instructors in preparing, organizing or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial 

or instructional assistance to other students. 

11997 Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Independent Study 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Independent Study courses, often conducted 

with instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to mass communication 

and its technologies. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

11998 Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Workplace Experience 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Workplace Experience courses provide students 

with work experience in a field related to communication or audio/visual technology. Goals are typically 

set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). 

These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

11999 Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Other 

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Subject Area 12: Business and Marketing (secondary) 

Administration 

12001 Business/Office Career Exploration

 Business/Office Career Exploration courses expose students to the occupational opportunities 

available in the accounting, administration, data processing, management, and secretarial fields. 

Emphasis is placed on responsibilities, qualifications, work environment, and career paths. These 

courses may also include consumer education topics, keyboard exposure, and/or hands-on experience 

within the various occupational areas. 

12002 Office Procedures—Comprehensive 

Office Procedures—Comprehensive courses provide students with numerous opportunities to 

explore and understand the responsibilities and duties common to most office personnel. These 

comprehensive courses cover such topics as communication skills, reception and transmission of 

information via data processing equipment, filing and record management, mail handling, scheduling 

meetings and conferences, creating itineraries, and word processing. 

12003 Office and Administrative Technologies 

Office and Administrative Technologies courses provide students with instruction and 

experience in developing technical, problem-solving, and decision-making skills essential for office 

and/or administrative occupations. Emphasis is placed on integrating and applying knowledge and skills 

to realistic office and administrative situations utilizing current and relevant technology. 

12004 Office Services 

Office Services courses introduce students to and help them refine clerical and receptionist skills. 

Course content typically covers filing, telephone, and keyboarding skills; reprographic machinery and 

procedures; communications skills; and so on. 

12005 Keyboarding 

Keyboarding courses provide students with an introduction to the keyboard (letters, numbers, 

and symbols), basic machine operation, and proper keystroke technique. As students progress, they 

improve their speed and accuracy and produce increasingly complex documents. Such courses help 

students develop keyboard proficiency, document production skills, and problem-solving skills. 

157
 
 

12006 Word Processing 

Word Processing courses introduce students to automated document production using one or 

more software packages. These courses may introduce keyboarding techniques or may require prior 

experience; in either case, speed and accuracy are emphasized. A parallel focus is placed on the use of 

software commands and functions to create, edit, format, and manipulate documents, capitalizing on the 

power offered by word processing software programs. These courses may also cover file and disk 

management and other computer-related skills. 

12007 Recordkeeping 

Recordkeeping courses help students to develop knowledge and skills related to the principles 

and procedures involved in recording personal financial transactions as well as transactions typically 

undertaken by small businesses. Partial emphasis may be placed on personal banking, budgeting, and 

income tax calculations; additional emphasis is usually placed on cashier and clerk procedures, 

inventory control for small businesses, database management, merchandising, and payroll. 

12008 Particular Topics in Administration 

These courses examine specific topics related to business administration not otherwise described, 

such as a focus on dictation or office machinery, rather than provide a general study of office 

administration principles and techniques. 

12009 Business Communications 

Business Communications courses help students to develop an understanding and appreciation 

for effective communication in business situations and environments. Emphasis is placed on all phases 

of communication: speaking, listening, thinking, responding, reading, writing, communicating nonverbally, and utilizing technology for communication. Business communication functions, processes, 

and applications in the context of business may be practiced through problem-based projects and realworld application. 

12047 Administration—Independent Study 

 Administration—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore business administration-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

12048 Administration—Workplace Experience 

 Administration—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields 

related to business administration. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

158
 
 

12049 Administration—Other 

Management 

12051 Introductory Business 

Introductory Business courses survey an array of topics and concepts related to the field of 

business. These courses introduce business concepts such as banking and finance, the role of 

government in business, consumerism, credit, investment, and management. They usually provide a 

brief overview of the American economic system and corporate organization. Introductory Business 

courses may also expose students to the varied opportunities in secretarial, accounting, management, 

and related fields. 

12052 Business Management 

Business Management courses acquaint students with management opportunities and effective 

human relations. These courses provide students with the skills to perform planning, staffing, financing, 

and controlling functions within a business. In addition, they usually provide a macro-level study of the 

business world, including business structure and finance, and the interconnections among industry, 

government, and the global economy. The course may also emphasize problem-based, real-world 

applications of business concepts and use accounting concepts to formulate, analyze, and evaluate 

business decisions. 

12053 Entrepreneurship 

Entrepreneurship courses acquaint students with the knowledge and skills necessary to own and 

operate their own businesses. Topics from several fields typically form the course content: economics, 

marketing principles, human relations and psychology, business and labor law, legal rights and 

responsibilities of ownership, business and financial planning, finance and accounting, and 

communication. Several topics surveyed in Business Management courses may also be included. 

12054 Business Law 

Business Law courses emphasize legal concepts that are relevant to business and business 

organizations. Topics examined in these courses typically include contracts, buying/renting property, 

installment buying, insurance, buyer/seller relationships, negotiable instruments, employment, taxes, 

insurance, commercial papers, legal organizational structures, and consumer liabilities. 

12055 Business Principles and Management 

Business Principles and Management courses are designed to provide students with an 

understanding of the American business system, its organizations, and its management. These courses 

examine the various leadership and management styles of a variety of successful business organizations, 

large or small. 

159
 
 

12056 International Business and Marketing 

International Business and Marketing courses examine business management and administration 

in a global economy. Topics covered in this course typically include the principles and processes of 

export sales, trade controls, foreign operations and related problems, monetary issues, international 

business and policy, and applications of doing business in specific countries and markets. 

12057 Human Resources and Labor Relations 

Human Resources and Labor Relations courses analyze the functions of conflict resolution and 

collective bargaining. Typically, students examine the history of the labor movement within the United 

States, the relationship between management and labor, and how organized labor currently operates. 

12058 Human Resources Management 

Human Resources Management courses provide students with an understanding of the effective 

use of interpersonal skills in achieving the goals of an organization. 

12059 IB Business and Management 

IB Business and Management courses prepare students to take the International Baccalaureate Business 

and Management exam at either the Subsidiary or Higher level. In keeping with Individual and Society 

courses, IB Business and Management promotes problem-solving by identifying the problem, selecting 

and interpreting data, applying appropriate analytical tools, and recommending solutions by evaluating 

their quantitative and qualitative implications. These courses also equip students with knowledge and 

understanding of business terminology, concepts and principles. 

12097 Management—Independent Study 

Management—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore business management-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

12098 Management—Workplace Experience 

Management—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields 

related to business management. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

12099 Management—Other 

160
 
 

Finance 

12101 Banking and Finance 

Banking and Finance courses provide students with an overview of the American monetary and 

banking system as well as types of financial institutions and the services and products that they offer. 

Course content may include government regulations; checking, savings, and money market accounts; 

loans; investments; and negotiable instruments. 

12102 Banking 

Banking courses are similar to Banking and Finance courses, but they focus specifically on 

banking. These courses may also address examining and applying the methods used for measuring the 

financial performance of banks in addition to examining specialized brokerage products, current issues, 

and future trends in banking. 

12103 Finance 

Finance courses are similar to Banking and Finance courses, but they focus specifically on 

finance, addressing how businesses raise, distribute, and use financial resources while managing risk. 

Course content typically involves modeling financial decisions (such as borrowing, selling equity or 

stock, lending or investing) typically undertaken by businesses. 

12104 Accounting 

Accounting courses introduce and expand upon the fundamental accounting principles and 

procedures used in businesses. Course content typically includes the full accounting cycle, payroll, 

taxes, debts, depreciation, ledger and journal techniques, and periodic adjustments. Students may learn 

how to apply standard auditing principles and to prepare budgets and final reports. Calculators, 

electronic spreadsheets, or other automated tools are usually used. Advanced topics may include 

elementary principles of partnership and corporate accounting and the managerial uses of control 

systems and the accounting process. 

12105 Business Economics 

Business Economics courses integrate economic principles (such as free market economy, 

consumerism, and the role of American government within the economic system) with 

entrepreneurship/business concepts (such as marketing principles, business law, and risk). 

12106 Risk Management and Insurance 

Risk Management and Insurance courses analyze risk management techniques from the 

viewpoints of those employed in the industry as well as of business owners seeking to meet risk 

management needs. Insurance products are evaluated in relation to cost and effectiveness. 

161
 
 

12107 Investing 

Investing courses emphasize the formulation of business and individual investment decisions by 

comparing and contrasting the investment qualities of cash, stock, bonds, and mutual funds. Students 

typically review annual reports, predict growth rates, and analyze trends. Stock market simulations are 

often incorporated into Investing courses. 

12147 Finance—Independent Study 

Finance—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore business finance-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve as 

an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

12148 Finance—Workplace Experience 

Finance—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields related 

to finance. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students 

are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further 

study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

12149 Finance—Other 

Marketing 

12151 Marketing Career Exploration 

Geared for students with an interest in marketing, sales, or small business operation, Marketing 

Career Exploration courses expose students to the opportunities available in retail, wholesale, 

advertising, and other occupational fields using marketing principles. 

12152 Marketing—Comprehensive 

Marketing—Comprehensive courses focus on the wide range of factors that influence the flow of 

goods and services from the producer to the consumer. Topics may include (but are not limited to) 

market research, the purchasing process, distribution systems, warehouse and inventory control, 

salesmanship, sales promotions, shoplifting and theft control, business management, and 

entrepreneurship. Human relations, computers, and economics are often covered as well. 

12153 Marketing—Fashion 

Marketing—Fashion courses typically cover the same scope of topics as Marketing— 

Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and sales, 

management and entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the fashion industry. 

In keeping with the focus on the fashion industry, course topics may also include fashion cycles, fashion 

history, design, style, and coordination. 

162
 
 

12154 Marketing—Real Estate 

Marketing—Real Estate courses typically cover the same scope of topics as Marketing— 

Comprehensive courses (purchasing, advertising, sales, human relations, management and 

entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the real estate industry. In keeping 

with the focus on real estate, course topics may also include financing, investment, ownership rights, 

ethics, and other real estate principles. 

12155 Marketing—Transportation 

 Marketing—Transportation courses typically cover the same scope of topics as Marketing— 

Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and sales, 

management, entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the transportation 

industry. In keeping with the focus on this industry, topics include identification and proper use of auto 

parts and accessories and the sales and service of new and used cars, vans, trucks, and related parts. 

12156 Marketing—Food/Beverage Industry 

Marketing—Food/Beverage Industry courses typically cover the same scope of topics as 

Marketing—Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and 

sales, management, entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the food and 

beverage industry. In keeping with the focus on this industry, topics include the unique characteristics 

and functions of the food and beverage service industry. 

12157 Marketing—Insurance 

Marketing—Insurance courses typically cover the same scope of topics as Marketing— 

Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and sales, 

management, entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the sale or underwriting 

of accident, health, life, marine, automobile, and causality insurance. 

12158 Marketing—Floristry 

Marketing—Floristry courses typically cover the same scope of topics as Marketing— 

Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and sales, 

management, entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the floristry industry. In 

keeping with the focus on this field, topics include the unique characteristics and functions of retail and 

wholesale floral operations. 

12159 Marketing—Hospitality/Tourism 

Marketing—Hospitality/Tourism courses typically cover the same scope of topics as 

Marketing—Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and 

sales, management, entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with particular attention to the travel, 

tourism, and lodging industry. In keeping with the focus on this field, topics include the unique 

characteristics and functions of travel services and hotel/motel operations. 

163
 
 

12160 Marketing—Merchandising 

Marketing—Merchandising courses are designed to provide students with practical backgrounds 

in retailing, with emphasis on merchandising, promotion/display, selling, and career planning. The 

content of this course may also include fundamental principles of human relations. 

12161 Retail Marketing 

Retail Marketing courses cover marketing principles and concepts related to the provision of 

goods or services directly to the consumer, emphasizing store operation, advertisement and display of 

goods, store security, human relations, and business management and ownership. 

12162 Internet Marketing 

Internet Marketing covers the principles and functions of marketing from the standpoint of 

conducting business on the internet. Typically, students develop such skills as using the internet as a 

marketing tool, conducting a marketing analysis via the internet, planning marketing support activities, 

managing an electronic marketing campaign, managing/owning a business via the internet, and 

analyzing the impact of the internet on global marketing. 

12163 Sports and Entertainment Marketing 

Sports and Entertainment Marketing courses introduce students to and help them refine 

marketing and management functions and tasks that can be applied in amateur or professional sports or 

sporting events, entertainment or entertainment events, and the sales or rental of supplies and 

equipment. 

12164 Principles of Marketing 

Principles of Marketing courses offer students insight into the processes affecting the flow of 

goods and services from the producer to the consumer. Course content ranges considerably as general 

marketing principles such as purchasing, distribution, and sales are covered; however, a major emphasis 

is often placed on kinds of markets; market identification; product planning, packaging, and pricing; and 

business management. 

12165 Principles of Advertising 

Principles of Advertising courses expose students to the varied concepts underlying the 

promotion of products. The topics included in Principles of Advertising courses range considerably, but 

typically include the psychology of advertising, a study of various media, advertising planning and 

budgeting, and advertising layout and design principles. Course topics may also include an overview of 

commercial art and packaging. 

164
 
 

12166 Marketing Management 

Marketing Management courses typically cover the same scope of topics as Marketing— 

Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems; advertising and sales; and so on) but place 

a particular emphasis on business management and entrepreneurship, providing exposure to common 

techniques and problems of management. 

12167 Marketing—Other Specialization 

Marketing—Other Specialization courses typically cover the same scope of topics as 

Marketing—Comprehensive courses (purchasing and distribution systems, advertising, display and 

sales, management, entrepreneurship, and so on) but do so with attention to a particular industry not 

specified above. The course may also cover specific topics related to the particular industry being 

covered. 

12197 Marketing—Independent Study 

Marketing—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore marketing-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

12198 Marketing—Workplace Experience 

Marketing—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields 

related to marketing. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

12199 Marketing—Other 

Sales 

12201 Cashier/Checker Operations 

Cashier/Checker Operations courses provide students with the knowledge and skills to operate a 

cash register and to handle numerous transactions. Topics typically include cash register procedures; 

handling cash, credit, checks, food stamps, and other forms of legal tender; human relations; stocking 

and marking merchandise; and theft prevention. Job search and employability skills are often an integral 

part of the course. 

12202 Principles of Selling 

Principles of Selling courses provide students with the knowledge and opportunity to develop indepth sales competencies. Course content typically includes types of selling, steps in a sale, sales 

strategies, and interpersonal skills and techniques. 

165
 
 

12247 Sales—Independent Study 

Sales—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable students 

to explore sales-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for 

students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to 

develop more advanced skills. 

12248 Sales—Workplace Experience 

Sales—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields related to 

sales. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are 

not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of 

the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

12249 Sales—Other 

All Others 

12995 Business and Marketing—Aide 

Business and Marketing—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

12997 Business and Marketing—Independent Study 

Business and Marketing—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors or 

professionals as mentors, enable students to explore business or marketing-related topics of interest. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

12998 Business and Marketing—Workplace Experience 

Business and Marketing—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience 

in fields related to business and marketing. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, 

and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom 

activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students 

encounter in the workplace. 

12999 Business and Marketing—Other 

166
 
 

Subject Area 13: Manufacturing (secondary) 

Manufacturing Technology 

13001 Exploration of Manufacturing Occupations 

 Exploration of Manufacturing Occupations courses introduce and expose students to the career 

opportunities pertaining to the processing and production of goods. Course topics vary and may include 

(but are not limited to) systems pertinent to the manufacturing process, properties of various raw 

materials, and the methods used to transform materials into consumer products. Course activities depend 

upon the careers being explored; course topics may include entrepreneurship, labor laws, and customer 

service. 

13002 Manufacturing—Comprehensive 

Manufacturing—Comprehensive courses introduce students to the various methods used to 

process and transform materials. Processing techniques covered usually include casting, forming, 

separating, assembling, and finishing. The courses may also include an overview of management 

techniques in planning, organizing, and controlling various segments of the manufacturing process, 

including design, engineering, production, and marketing. 

13003 Industrial Arts 

Industrial Arts courses expose students to the tools and machines that they may encounter in 

manufacturing-related occupations and enable them to develop the skills they need to use these tools in 

various applications. Course topics typically include (but are not limited to) drawing and planning, 

electricity, graphic arts, woodwork, leatherwork, metalwork, plastics, and power technology. These 

courses typically cover general safety and career exploration as well. 

13004 Industrial Safety/First Aid 

Industrial Safety/First Aid courses provide students with instruction in safe operating procedures 

related to various trades, as well as more general training in emergency first aid and CPR. Course topics 

may include the importance of standard operation procedures, agencies and regulations related to 

occupational safety and hazard prevention, and the dangers of particular materials. 

Processing/Production 

13052 Materials and Processes 

Materials and Processes courses expose students to the tools, machines, and processes that may 

be encountered in manufacturing-related occupations. In particular, these courses stress the analysis, 

testing, and processing of metals, plastics, woods, ceramics, and composite materials. 

167
 
 

13053 Metal and Wood Processing/Production 

Metal and Wood Processing/Production courses include studying the properties of metals, 

woods, and composites and using these materials to construct usable products. These courses enable 

students to experience the process of translating an idea into a finished product, with instruction in 

planning, designing, selecting materials, and using tools and machines. 

13054 Wood Processing/Production 

Wood Processing/Production courses include studying the properties of woods and composites 

made from woods and using these materials to construct usable products. These courses enable students 

to experience the process of translating an idea into a finished product, with instruction in planning, 

designing, selecting materials, and using tools and machines. 

13055 Metal Processing/Production 

Metal Processing/Production courses include studying the properties of metals and metal alloys 

and using these materials to construct usable products. These courses enable students to experience the 

process of translating an idea into a finished product, with instruction in planning, designing, selecting 

materials, and using tools and machines. 

13056 Plastics Processing/Production 

Plastics Processing/Production courses include studying the properties of plastics and composites 

and using these materials to construct usable products. These courses enable students to experience the 

process of translating an idea into a finished product, with instruction in planning, designing, selecting 

materials, and using tools and machines. 

13057 Ceramic Processing/Production 

Ceramic Processing/Production courses include studying the properties of ceramics and heatresistant composites and using these materials to construct usable products. These courses enable 

students to experience the process of translating an idea into a finished product, with instruction in 

planning, designing, selecting materials, and using tools and machines. 

13058 Particular Topics in Processing and Production 

These courses examine specific topics in processing and production, such as substance analysis, 

other than those already described. 

13097 Processing/Production—Independent Study 

Processing/Production—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to processing and production. Independent 

Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular 

specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

168
 
 

13098 Processing/Production—Workplace Experience 

 Processing/Production—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience 

in fields related to manufacturing processing and production. Goals are typically set cooperatively by 

the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

13099 Processing/Production—Other 

Production Systems 

13101 Production Systems 

Production Systems courses provide students with knowledge and skills related to manufacturing 

technologies from conception through production. Although courses vary, students typically analyze 

markets, design and develop prototypes, plan a marketing or sales strategy, manage a production plan, 

and manufacture useful products. These courses may also explore the evolution and impact of 

technology on society’s social, cultural, and economic systems and institutions. 

13102 Electro-Mechanical Systems 

Electro-Mechanical Systems courses provide students with instruction and experience in 

components and equipment that use electricity and the power of physical forces. Students gain an 

understanding of the principles of electricity and mechanics and their application to gears, cams, levers, 

circuits, and other devices used in the manufacturing process or within manufactured goods. 

13103 Product Development 

Product Development courses provide students with the opportunity to focus on one or more 

areas of industrial technology, creatively pursuing new knowledge or solving a technological problem, 

by designing and building prototypes and working models. Students learn and apply appropriate 

information in order to complete a project. 

13147 Production Systems—Independent Study 

Production Systems—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to manufacturing systems and/or research. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

169
 
 

13148 Production Systems—Workplace Experience 

Production Systems—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to manufacturing systems and/or research. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

13149 Production Systems—Other 

Metalwork 

13201 Metalwork Occupations 

Metalwork Occupations courses provide students with theoretical principles and laboratory 

experiences related to the planning, manufacturing, assembling, testing, and repairing of parts, 

mechanisms, and structures in which materials are cast, formed, treated, cut, fused, or otherwise 

processed in some fashion. 

13202 Metalworking 

Metalworking courses introduce students to the qualities and applications of various metals and 

the tools used to manipulate and form metal into products. Through one or more projects involving 

metals, students develop planning, layout, and measurement skills; gain experience in cutting, bending, 

forging, casting, and/or welding metal; complete projects according to blueprints or other specifications; 

and may also learn to polish and finish metals. Correct use of metalworking tools and equipment is 

stressed. 

13203 Machining 

Machining courses enable students to create metal parts using various machine tools and 

equipment. Course content may include interpreting specifications for machines using blueprints, 

sketches, or descriptions of parts; preparing and using lathes, milling machines, shapers, and grinders 

with skill, safety, and precision; developing part specifications; and selecting appropriate materials. 

13204 Particular Topics in Machining 

These courses examine specific topics related to machining, emphasizing a particular type of 

machine, tool, or procedure, or concentrating on a particular application of machining techniques. 

13205 Sheet Metal 

Sheet Metal courses expose students to the skills and information necessary to lay out, fabricate, 

assemble, install, maintain, and repair items and structures created from sheet metal components. 

Students learn the safe and efficient operation of various tools and typically gain skill in blueprint 

reading, welding, and finishing and polishing metals. 

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13206 Particular Topics in Sheet Metal 

In these courses students gain knowledge and skills in particular aspects of sheet metal. 

Examples include individual courses in radial line development, triangulation fabrication, and so on. 

13207 Welding 

Welding courses enable students to gain knowledge of the properties, uses, and applications of 

various metals, skills in various processes used to join and cut metals (such as oxyacetylene, shielded 

metal, metal inert gas, and tungsten arc processes), and experience in identifying, selecting, and rating 

appropriate techniques. Welding courses often include instruction in interpreting blueprints or other 

types of specifications. 

13208 Particular Topics in Welding 

In these courses students gain knowledge and skills in particular aspects of welding. Examples 

include individual courses in each of the following types of welding: gas metal, gas tungsten, and 

shielded metal and flux core arc welding. 

13209 Particular Topics in Metalwork 

In these courses students gain knowledge and skills in particular aspects of metalwork (such as 

foundry work or metallurgy) not otherwise described. 

13247 Metalwork—Independent Study 

Metalwork—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore metalwork-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

13248 Metalwork—Workplace Experience 

Metalwork—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in the 

welding, machine technologies, or metalwork fields. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

13249 Metalwork—Other 

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Repair 

13301 Appliance Repair 

Appliance Repair courses provide students with the knowledge and experience to repair, install, 

service, and inspect appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, washers, dryers, air conditioners, water 

heaters, and so on. Students gain an understanding of the mechanics and working systems of these 

appliances, the skills to read blueprints and specifications, and proficiency in using related tools and 

products. 

13302 Equipment Maintenance and Repair 

Equipment Maintenance and Repair courses prepare students to adjust, maintain, replace, and 

repair parts of machinery and to repair tools, equipment, and machines. The courses may have a general 

emphasis or may focus on a specific type of machinery or equipment related to a particular industry. 

Depending upon the intent, course topics may include electric, hydraulic, or mechanic systems; control 

devices, valves, and gates; or supplemental equipment such as fans, hoses, and pipes. 

13347 Repair—Independent Study 

Repair—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics related to repair. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for 

students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to 

develop more advanced skills. 

13348 Repair—Workplace Experience 

Repair—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in the fields 

involving repair, supported by classroom attendance and discussion. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

13349 Repair—Other 

All Others 

13995 Manufacturing—Aide 

Manufacturing—Aide courses offer interested students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

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13997 Manufacturing—Independent Study 

 Manufacturing—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics related to manufacturing. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

13998 Manufacturing—Workplace Experience 

 Manufacturing—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields 

involving manufacturing, supported by classroom attendance and discussion. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

13999 Manufacturing—Other 

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Subject Area 14: Health Care Sciences (secondary) 

Comprehensive 

14001 Exploration of Health Care Occupations 

Exploration of Health Care Occupations courses expose students to the variety of opportunities 

available within the health care industry (e.g., such as nursing, therapy, dental care, administrative 

services, and lab technology). These courses provide experiences in several of these occupational 

clusters, along with information and knowledge related to the health care industry as a whole. 

14002 Health Care Occupations—Comprehensive 

Health Care Occupations—Comprehensive courses provide students with an orientation to the 

health care industry and help refine their health care-related knowledge and skills. Topics covered 

usually include (but are not limited to) an overview of health care delivery; patient care, including 

assessment of vital signs, body mechanics, and diet; anatomy and physiology; identification and use of 

medical equipment and supplies; medical terminology; hygiene and disease prevention; first aid and 

CPR procedures; laboratory procedures; and ethical and legal responsibilities. 

Therapeutic Services 

14051 Nursing 

Nursing courses place a special emphasis on the particular knowledge and skills required of 

nurses and/or nursing assistants and aides while covering general health care topics (i.e., patient care, 

anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, hygiene and disease prevention, first aid and CPR, and 

laboratory procedures). Topics covered typically include normal growth and development; bathing, 

feeding, dressing, and transporting patients; basic pharmacology; doctor, nurse, and patient relationships 

and roles; medical and professional ethics; death and dying; and care of various kinds of patients (e.g., 

chronically ill, children, new mothers, and so on). 

14052 Nursing—LPN 

Covering the same scope of topics as Nursing courses, Nursing—LPN courses delve into more 

depth in order to prepare students for the state’s practical nurse licensing examination. Nursing—LPN 

courses offer the knowledge and experience needed to provide nursing care for patients of all ages, in 

various stages of sickness or health, and with a variety of disease conditions. Additional topics covered 

may include community health, nutrition, drug therapy and administration, and mental illness. 

14053 Home Health Care 

Home Health Care courses teach students how to care for individuals within their homes. Course 

content relates health care practices and procedures to the home environment, and typically includes 

patient care, comfort, and safety; anatomy and physiology; the prevention of disease and infection; 

nutrition and meal preparation; human relations; and first aid and CPR. Topics covered may also include 

therapy strategies, household management, and employability. 

174
 
 

14054 Dental Science 

Dental Science courses expose students to the tools, terminology, and procedures necessary for a 

career in the dental industry. Course content covers a wide range of topics and typically includes dental 

anatomy and terminology; the identification and use of dental equipment; dental pathologies and 

procedures; asepsis; dental laboratory procedures; emergency first aid; and the ethical and legal 

responsibilities of dental care workers. These courses often explore dental specialties and career options. 

14055 Emergency Medical Technology 

Emergency Medical Technology courses place a special emphasis on the knowledge and skills 

needed in medical emergencies. Topics typically include clearing airway obstructions, controlling 

bleeding, bandaging, methods for lifting and transporting injured persons, simple spinal immobilization, 

infection control, stabilizing fractures, and responding to cardiac arrest. The courses may also cover the 

legal and ethical responsibilities involved in dealing with medical emergencies. 

14056 Surgical Technology 

Surgical Technology courses emphasize the care and needs of patients undergoing surgery while 

covering general health care topics (i.e., patient care, anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, 

hygiene and disease prevention, first aid and CPR, and laboratory procedures). In keeping with that 

focus, topics may include operation room materials, tools, and procedures; aseptic surgical techniques; 

preparation and handling of surgical instruments; efficiency in the operating room; and the roles of 

various medical personnel who are present during surgery. 

14057 Vision Care 

Vision Care courses expose students to the tools, terminology, and procedures necessary for a 

career in the optometric or optic field. Vision Care courses typically include the physics of light and 

refraction; the anatomy, physiology, and terminology associated with the eyes; identification and use of 

optometric and/or optical equipment; optical procedures; human relations; and the ethical and legal 

responsibilities of vision care workers. 

14058 Optometrics 

Optometrics courses provide students with the knowledge, ability, and experiences to prepare, 

assemble, and/or fit corrective lenses prescribed by a physician or optometrist. Topics covered may 

include layout and marking, cutting and chipping, edging and beveling, inspection, alignment, 

dispensing, and selection of eyewear. 

14059 Gerontology 

Gerontology courses provide students with knowledge and understanding of the processes of 

adult development and aging. Topics covered may include the study of the biological, economic, 

psychological, social, and health/fitness aspects of the aging process. 

175
 
 

14060 Physical Therapy 

Physical Therapy courses provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to work with 

patients who need to achieve and maintain functional rehabilitation and to prevent malfunction or 

deformity. Topics covered typically include therapeutic exercises and activities (such as stretching and 

strengthening), how to train patients to perform the activities of daily living, the use of special 

equipment, and evaluation of patient progress. 

14061 Respiratory Therapy 

Respiratory Therapy courses provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to work 

with patients who have breathing or other cardiopulmonary difficulties or disorders. Topics covered 

typically include identifying deficiencies and abnormalities of the cardiopulmonary system, 

understanding the various methods of therapies, and understanding how to use special equipment. 

14062 Care of Athletes 

Care of Athletes courses provide students with the knowledge and skills to understand and 

perform therapeutic tasks that would be designated by an athletic or fitness trainer. Topics covered may 

include taping and bandaging, proper use of protective padding, treatment modalities, anatomy and 

physiology, and medical terminology. Students may learn to measure cardiorespiratory endurance, 

muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, body composition, and blood pressure. More advanced 

topics may include injury assessment, the phases of healing, and the use of exercise and equipment to 

help in the reconditioning of injured athletes. 

14063 Particular Topics in Therapeutic Services 

These courses examine particular topics in medical therapeutic services other than those already 

described. 

14097 Therapeutic Services—Independent Study 

 Therapeutic Services—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to therapeutic services. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

14098 Therapeutic Services—Workplace Experience 

Therapeutic Services—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to therapeutic services. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

14099 Therapeutic Services—Other 

176
 
 

Diagnostic Services 

14101 Dental Laboratory Technology 

Dental Laboratory Technology courses expose students to the principals, tools, terminology, and 

procedures necessary for a career in a dental laboratory. These courses typically cover many of the same 

topics as Dental Science, but emphasize making mouth guards, taking impressions, creating various 

types of dental molds and models, and fabricating prostheses and dental appliances. 

14102 Medical Lab Technology 

Medical Lab Technology courses provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary for 

employment in health care-related laboratories. Topics include basic principles of anatomy and 

physiology, relevant concepts in microbiology and chemistry, and laboratory techniques (including 

preparation and analysis of various cultures and specimens). The courses may also cover such 

components as venipuncture, EKG, and CPR procedures. 

14103 EKG Technology 

In EKG Technology courses, students acquire the knowledge and skills to perform 

electrocardiograph activities and learn about the cardiovascular system (including its function, diseases, 

and rhythms); EKG machinery; and the use of drugs and their effects. These courses usually include 

general health care topics as well, such as basic anatomy and physiology, patient care, first aid and CPR, 

identification and use of medical equipment, and medical terminology. 

14104 Phlebotomy 

In Phlebotomy courses, students acquire knowledge, skills, and experiences related to the 

drawing of blood and typically learn about such topics as infection control, sterilization practices, 

medical/hospital procedures and environments, diagnostic procedures, and the process of drawing blood. 

14105 Particular Topics in Diagnostic Services 

These courses examine particular topics in diagnostic services other than those already 

described. 

14147 Diagnostic Services—Independent Study 

 Diagnostic Services—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics related to diagnostic services. Independent Study courses may provide 

students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

177
 
 

14148 Diagnostic Services—Workplace Experience 

Diagnostic Services—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to diagnostic services. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

14149 Diagnostic Services—Other 

Health Information 

14151 Medical/Clerical Assisting 

Medical/Clerical Assisting courses enable students to develop knowledge and skills that combine 

the medical and clerical fields. Students typically develop skills such as patient exam preparation, 

assessment of vital signs, routine lab procedures, medical transcription, financial accounting, patient and 

insurance company billing, and record-keeping. 

14152 Pharmacy Assisting 

Pharmacy Assisting courses emphasize the knowledge and skills necessary to assist a pharmacist 

or pharmacy technician. Course topics and experiences enable students to understand medical 

terminology, keep and maintain records, label medications, perform computer patient billing, perform 

stock inventory, and order supplies. These courses also emphasize pharmaceutical classification, drug 

interactions, and interpersonal/communication skills. 

14153 Medical Office Procedures 

Medical Office Procedures courses expose students to clerical knowledge, abilities, and 

procedures as they apply to the medical field. These courses typically include (but are not limited to) 

topics such as medical transcription, medical insurance, financial accounting, scheduling, and patient 

record-keeping. Medical terminology and routine medical procedures are covered to provide a context 

for clerical duties. 

14154 Medical Terminology 

In Medical Terminology courses, students learn how to identify medical terms by analyzing their 

components. These courses emphasize defining medical prefixes, root words, suffixes, and 

abbreviations. The primary focus is on developing both oral and written skills in the language used to 

communicate within health care professions. 

14155 Particular Topics in Health Information 

These courses examine particular topics in health Information other than those already described. 

178
 
 

14197 Health Information—Independent Study 

Health Information—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics related to health information systems. Independent Study courses may 

provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

14198 Health Information—Workplace Experience 

Health Information—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to health Information. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

14199 Health Information—Other 

Support Services 

14201 Central Service Technology 

Central Service Technology courses provide students with knowledge and skills related to the 

procurement, handling, storage, and distribution of sterile goods and equipment. Course components 

usually include quality assurance, infection control and isolation techniques, medical terminology and 

processes, decontamination and sterilization, microbiology, and chemistry. 

14202 Health Support Services 

Health Support Services courses provide students with knowledge and skills to be used in 

activities that support patients’ primary health care, such as counseling, health education, disease 

management, and risk reduction. Because support services can be widely defined, course topics typically 

also include general health care, such as anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, first aid and 

CPR procedures, and ethical and legal responsibilities. 

14203 Health Unit Coordination 

Health Unit Coordination courses provide students with instruction and experiences so that they 

can manage components of nonpatient care activities in health care facilities. Topics covered usually 

include medical terminology, transcription, and general reception duties and responsibilities; recordkeeping; and stocking medical and office supplies and equipment. 

14204 Particular Topics in Health Support Services 

These courses examine particular topics in health support services other than those described. 

179
 
 

 

14247 Health Support Services—Independent Study 

Health Support Services—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics related to health support services. Independent Study courses 

may provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

14248 Health Support Services—Workplace Experience 

Health Support Services—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience 

in careers related to health support services. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, 

and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom 

activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students 

encounter in the workplace. 

14249 Health Support Services—Other 

Health Sciences 

14251 Health Science 

Health Science courses integrate chemistry, microbiology, chemical reactions, disease processes, 

growth and development, and genetics with anatomy and physiology of the body systems. Typically, 

these courses reinforce science, mathematics, communications, health, and social studies principles and 

relate them to health care. 

14252 Biotechnology 

Biotechnology courses involve the study of the bioprocesses of organisms, cells, and/or their 

components and enable students to use this knowledge to produce or refine products, procedures, and 

techniques. Course topics typically include laboratory measurement, monitoring, and calculation; 

growth and reproduction; chemistry and biology of living systems; quantitative problem-solving; data 

acquisition and display; and ethics. Advanced topics may include elements of biochemistry, genetics, 

and protein purification techniques. 

14253 Pharmacology 

Pharmacology courses involve a study of how living animals can be changed by chemical 

substances, especially by the actions of drugs and other substances used to treat disease. Basic concepts 

of physiology, pathology, biochemistry, and bacteriology are typically brought into play as students 

examine the effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. 

14254 Particular Topics in Health Sciences 

These courses examine particular topics in health sciences other than those already described. 

180
 
 

14297 Health Sciences—Independent Study 

Health Sciences—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore health-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may provide 

students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

14298 Health Sciences—Workplace Experience 

Health Sciences—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields involving the health sciences. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

14299 Health Sciences—Other 

All Others 

14995 Health Care Sciences—Aide 

Health Care Sciences—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

14997 Health Care Sciences—Independent Study 

 Health Care Sciences—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore health-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may provide 

students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a particular specialization, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

14998 Health Care Sciences—Workplace Experience 

Health Care Sciences—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

the health care industry. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

14999 Health Care Sciences—Other 

181
 
 

Subject Area 15: Public, Protective, and Government Services (secondary) 

15001 Exploration of Public Service Careers 

Exploration of Public Service Careers courses expose students to the duties, responsibilities, 

requirements, and career opportunities within public service. Course topics vary and may include (but 

are not limited to) protective services; correction, judicial, and probation services; fire protection and 

fire fighting; public administration; and social work. Course activities depend upon the career clusters 

that students explore. 

Law Enforcement 

15051 Criminal Justice 

Criminal Justice courses train students to understand and apply the principles and procedures 

essential to the U.S. criminal justice system. These courses explore the principles and structure of the 

justice system and the law, and course content also typically includes investigation, search and arrest, 

and laboratory, forensic, and trial procedures. Students may also learn CPR and first aid skills, personal 

defense tactics, and crime prevention techniques. 

15052 Corrections 

Corrections courses provide instruction regarding the principles and techniques used by 

institutions that incarcerate, rehabilitate, and monitor people accused or convicted of crimes. 

15053 Particular Topics in Law Enforcement 

These courses examine specific topics related to law enforcement (such as forensic science), 

rather than provide a general study of the field. 

15097 Law Enforcement—Independent Study 

Law Enforcement—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to law enforcement. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

15098 Law Enforcement—Workplace Experience 

Law Enforcement—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to 

law enforcement. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

15099 Law Enforcement—Other 

182
 
 

Security and Protection 

15101 Public Safety 

Public Safety courses introduce students to the field of public safety and extend their knowledge 

and skills pertaining to the safety and security of homes, workplaces, and the community. These courses 

cover such topics as policing, law enforcement, emergency service, and private security and corrections 

and may cover all or a subset of these services. 

15102 Security Services 

Security Services courses provide instruction regarding the safety and security of buildings and 

facilities and may extend these lessons to include the security and safety of one’s self and other human 

beings. 

15103 Particular Topics in Security 

These courses examine specific topics related to security and protective services, rather than 

provide a general study. 

15147 Security and Protection—Independent Study 

Security and Protection—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related the security and protection of the public. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

15148 Security and Protection—Workplace Experience 

Security and Protection—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields 

related to security and protection. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

15149 Security and Protection—Other 

Fire Management 

15151 Fire Science 

Fire Science courses introduce students to the field of fire prevention and control and enable 

them to extend their knowledge through the use of chemical, physical, and engineering principles to 

understand factors involved in fires. Course topics typically include the chemistry of combustion, 

factors that influence fire (such as structural design and meteorology), and safety procedures. 

183
 
 

15152 Fire Fighting 

Fire Fighting courses offer students the opportunity to learn fire prevention and control under 

controlled conditions. Typically, students learn about the organization, rules, requirements, and 

regulations of fire departments; study and practice the tools and techniques used by firefighters to 

control or extinguish fires; and examine the behavior of fires. These courses also usually include 

emergency medical procedures and present fire investigation techniques. 

15153 Particular Topics in Fire Management 

These courses examine specific topics related to fire management (such as hazardous materials 

handling), rather than provide a general study of the field. 

15197 Fire Management—Independent Study 

Fire Management—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related fire management. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

15198 Fire Management—Workplace Experience 

Fire Management—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to 

fire management. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

15199 Fire Management—Other 

Government Service 

15201 Public Administration 

Public Administration courses provide an overview of the structure, roles, and duties of public 

governments and associated agencies. These courses explore the foundation and evolution of the public 

service sector, issues related to the provision of services by governmental bodies, and the missions and 

constraints of various departments within local and state governments. In addition, students may explore 

a particular public administration topic (such as the tax base and structure, the legislative process, 

selection of public servants, resource management, and so on) in greater detail. 

184
 
 

15202 Community Protection 

Community Protection courses provide students with information regarding the personnel and 

agencies concerned with protection of the home, city, state, and nation. Topics covered typically include 

civil defense and disaster preparedness; crime prevention; pollution control; fire prevention and control; 

legal and social systems and principles; and public health. These topics may be explored from the 

viewpoint of a community resident and citizen using these services or of that of one interested in 

pursuing a public service career. 

15203 Public Policy 

Public Policy courses provide students with the opportunity to design, propose, and analyze 

programs and policies implemented by government agencies. Activities typically include identifying 

social issues and problems, generating recommendations, using data to quantify the extent of a problem 

or evaluate its solution, communicating ideas and findings, and understanding decision-making 

processes. 

15247 Government Service—Independent Study 

Government Service—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related the provision of government services. Independent 

Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular 

application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

15248 Government Service—Workplace Experience 

Government Service—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related 

to government service. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

15249 Government Service—Other 

All Others 

15995 Public, Protective, and Government Service—Aide 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to 

assist instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial 

or instructional assistance to other students. 

185
 
 

15997 Public, Protective, and Government Service—Independent Study 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to public, protective, and 

government service. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

15998 Public, Protective, and Government Service—Workplace Experience 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Workplace Experience courses provide students 

with work experience in a field related to public, protective, and/or government service. Goals are 

typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily 

paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or 

discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

15999 Public, Protective, and Government Service—Other 

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Subject Area 16: Hospitality and Tourism (secondary) 

16001 Exploration of Hospitality Careers 

Exploration of Hospitality Careers courses survey a wide array of topics while exposing students 

to the variety of career opportunities in hospitality fields (such as food service, lodging, tourism, and 

recreation). These courses serve to introduce students to the general field of hospitality, providing an 

opportunity to identify a focus for continued study. 

Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services 

16051 Exploration of Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services 

Exploration of Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services courses provide students with an 

overview of the restaurant, food, and beverage service industry. Topics covered include industry 

terminology, the history of restaurant, food, and beverage services, introduction to marketing, and the 

various careers available in the industry. 

16052 Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Comprehensive 

Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Comprehensive courses provide students with 

knowledge and skills related to commercial and institutional food service establishments. Course topics 

range widely, but usually include sanitation and safety procedures, nutrition and dietary guidelines, food 

preparation (and quantity food production), and meal planning and presentation. Restaurant, Food, and 

Beverage Service courses may include both “back-of-the-house” and “front-of-the-house” experiences, 

and may therefore also cover reservation systems, customer service, and restaurant/business 

management. 

16053 Food Service 

Food Service courses provide instruction regarding nutrition, principles of healthy eating, and 

the preparation of food. Among the topics covered are large-scale meal preparation, preserving nutrients 

throughout the food preparation process, use and care of commercial cooking equipment, food storage, 

advances in food technology, sanitation, management, and the careers available in the food service 

industry. 

16054 Nutrition and Food Preparation 

Nutrition and Food Preparation courses provide students with knowledge and skills about food 

preparation and/or production, with a strong emphasis on nutrition, balanced diets, and satisfying special 

dietary needs. Topics typically include assessing nutrient content, the science of food and nutrition, 

physiology and utilization of nutrients. Course content may also cover additives, contaminants, foodborne illnesses, and food technology. 

187
 
 

16055 Restaurant Management and Operations 

Restaurant Management and Operations courses provide students with knowledge and skills 

related to commercial and institutional food service establishments, with an emphasis on management. 

Course topics therefore include guest service and relationships, planning, resource management, and 

other topics related to managing and operating restaurants. 

16056 Culinary Art Specialty 

Culinary Art Specialty courses provide instruction in a particular type of cooking or culinary 

style. Examples of such specialty fields include baking, creating and decorating wedding cakes, Middle 

Eastern cuisine, and so on. These courses emphasize skills specific to the type of culinary art being 

studied. 

16057 Particular Topics in Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services 

These courses examine specific topics related to Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services, such 

as catering, rather than provide a general study of the industry or of specific topics already described. 

16097 Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Independent Study 

Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest within the restaurant, food, and 

beverage services industry. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to 

expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more 

advanced skills. 

16098 Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Workplace Experience 

Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Workplace Experience courses provide work 

experience in fields related to restaurant, food, and beverage services. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

16099 Restaurant, Food, and Beverage Services—Other 

Lodging 

16101 Exploration of Lodging Careers 

Exploration of Lodging Careers courses provide an overview of the lodging industry. Topics 

covered include lodging terminology, the history of lodging, introduction to marketing, and the various 

careers available in the lodging industry. 

188
 
 

16102 Lodging—Comprehensive 

Lodging—Comprehensive courses introduce students to the lodging industry and refine their 

related knowledge and skills. Topics covered typically include property management, guest psychology 

and relationships, lodging operations, food and beverage services, and other topics related to support 

services within the lodging industry. 

16103 Institutional Maintenance 

Institutional Maintenance courses present the knowledge and skills required for service work 

within institutions. Topics covered typically include housekeeping and laundry services, care and 

cleaning of facilities, and safety and sanitation procedures, in addition to career opportunities, business 

responsibilities, and other types of ongoing maintenance. 

16104 Particular Topics in Lodging 

These courses examine specific topics in lodging such as convention planning or hotel 

management rather than provide a general study of the industry or of specific topics already described. 

16147 Lodging—Independent Study 

Lodging—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest within the lodging industry. Independent Study courses may serve 

as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

16148 Lodging—Workplace Experience 

Lodging—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to lodging. 

Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not 

necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the 

field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

16149 Lodging—Other 

Travel and Tourism 

16151 Introduction to Travel and Tourism 

Introduction to Travel and Tourism courses provide an overview of the travel and tourism 

industry. Topics covered in this course may include travel and tourism terminology, the history of travel, 

introduction to marketing, and the various careers available in travel and tourism. 

189
 
 

16152 Travel and Tourism—Comprehensive 

Travel and Tourism—Comprehensive courses provide the knowledge and skills necessary to 

work in the travel industry such as sales techniques, marketing principles, and entrepreneurial skills. 

Additional skills learned in these courses typically include travel agency procedures, airline reservation 

systems, public relations, hotel/motel registration systems and services, and conference and convention 

planning. 

16153 World Travel and Tourism 

World Travel and Tourism courses provide the knowledge and skills necessary to work in the 

travel industry, with a focus on travel outside of the United States. Topics covered may include 

geography of the continents; customs, cultures, and tourist destinations in other countries; special 

documentation needed for international travel; and planning events to client specifications. 

16154 Eco-tourism 

Eco-tourism courses provide the knowledge and skills necessary to work in the travel industry, 

with particular attention paid to conservation and environmental issues surrounding travel and tourism. 

Topics covered may include recreational opportunities related to on- and off-site attractions and 

environmental and ecological principles. 

16155 Particular Topics in Travel and Tourism 

These courses examine specific topics in travel and tourism such as the airline reservation and 

ticketing system rather than provide a general study of the industry or of specific topics already 

described. 

16197 Travel and Tourism—Independent Study 

 Travel and Tourism—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest within the travel and tourism industry. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

16198 Travel and Tourism—Workplace Experience 

Travel and Tourism—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related 

to travel and tourism. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

16199 Travel and Tourism—Other 

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Recreation, Amusement and Attractions 

16201 Exploration of Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions 

Exploration of Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions courses provide an overview of the 

recreation industry. Topics covered in this course may include industry terminology; the history of 

recreation, amusement, and attractions; introduction to marketing; and the various careers available in 

the industry. 

16202 Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Comprehensive 

Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Comprehensive courses provide students with the 

attitudes, skills, and knowledge needed for employment in theme parks, attractions and outdoor 

recreation facilities, exhibitions, and event planning. Topics covered may include planning trade shows, 

fairs, and conferences; outdoor recreation and management; financial transactions; salesmanship; guest 

services and satisfaction; culture and customs; computer and industry technology; eco-tourism; client 

information; and planning specialized events while incorporating themes, timelines, budgets, target 

audiences, agendas, and public relations. 

16203 Particular Topics in Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions 

These courses examine specific topics in recreation, amusement, and attractions such as local 

opportunities rather than provide a general study of the industry. 

16247 Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Independent Study 

Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest within the recreation, amusement, 

and attractions industry. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand 

their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more 

advanced skills. 

16248 Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Workplace Experience 

Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Workplace Experience courses provide work 

experience in fields related to recreation, amusement, and attractions. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

16249 Recreation, Amusement, and Attractions—Other 

191
 
 

All Others 

16995 Hospitality and Tourism—Aide 

Hospitality and Tourism—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

16997 Hospitality and Tourism—Independent Study 

Hospitality and Tourism—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest within the hospitality and tourism industry. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

16998 Hospitality and Tourism—Workplace Experience 

Hospitality and Tourism—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields 

related to hospitality and tourism. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

16999 Hospitality and Tourism—Other 

192
 
 

Subject Area 17: Architecture and Construction (secondary) 

Construction-General 

17001 Construction Careers Exploration 

Construction Career Exploration courses expose students to the opportunities available in 

construction-related trades, such as carpentry, masonry, air conditioning/refrigeration, plumbing, and so 

on. Students learn about the processes involved in construction projects and may engage in a variety of 

small projects. These courses emphasize responsibilities, qualifications, work environment, rewards, and 

career paths within construction-related fields. 

17002 Construction—Comprehensive 

Construction—Comprehensive courses provide students with basic knowledge and skills 

required for construction of commercial, residential, and institutional structures. These courses provide 

experiences and information (typically including career opportunities and training requirements) 

regarding construction-related occupations such as carpentry, cabinetmaking, bricklaying, electrical 

trades, plumbing, concrete masonry, and so on. Students engage in activities such as reading blueprints, 

preparing building sites, starting foundations, erecting structures, installing utilities, finishing surfaces, 

and providing maintenance. 

17003 Carpentry 

Carpentry courses provide information related to the building of wooden structures, enabling 

students to gain an understanding of wood grades and construction methods and to learn skills such as 

laying sills and joists; erecting sills and rafters; applying sheathing, siding, and shingles; setting door 

jambs; and hanging doors. Carpentry courses may teach skills for rough construction, finish work, or 

both. Students learn to read blueprints, draft, use tools and machines properly and safely, erect buildings 

from construction lumber, perform finish work inside of buildings, and do limited cabinet work. 

Carpentry courses may also include career exploration, good work habits, and employability skills. 

17004 Framing Carpentry 

Framing Carpentry courses provide students with much of the same knowledge as general 

carpentry courses (knowledge of various types and grades of woods, proper and safe use of hand and 

power tools, and site selection and preparation), but place a special emphasis on construction methods 

applicable to floor, wall, roof, and/or stair framing. Course content may also include insulation 

installation and painting. 

17005 Particular Topics in Carpentry 

These courses cover specific aspects of building construction or carpentry. All coursework 

focuses upon a particular skill or set of skills related to one subtopic, such as floor framing, wall and 

partition framing, interior finishing, or exterior finishing. 

193
 
 

17006 Woodworking 

Woodworking courses introduce students to the various kinds of woods used in industry and 

offer experience in using selected woodworking tools. Students design and construct one or more 

projects and may prepare a bill of materials. Correct and safe use of tools and equipment is emphasized. 

As students advance, they focus on learning the terminology necessary to use power tools successfully, 

developing skills to safely use these tools in the workshop and becoming familiar with various kinds of 

wood-finishing materials. Advanced students typically design a project, prepare bills of materials, 

construct, and finish proposed projects. 

17007 Cabinetmaking 

Cabinetmaking courses provide students with experience in constructing cases, cabinets, 

counters, and other interior woodwork. Students learn to distinguish between various types of furniture 

construction and their appropriate applications, and how to use various woodworking machines and 

power tools for cutting and shaping wood. Cabinetmaking courses cover the different methods of 

joining pieces of wood, how to use mechanical fasteners, and how to attach hardware. Initial topics may 

resemble those taught in Woodworking courses; more advanced topics may include how to install 

plastic laminates on surfaces and how to apply spray finishes. 

17008 Masonry 

Masonry courses enable students to learn to construct interior and exterior walls, columns, 

doorways, window openings, fireplaces, chimneys, and foundations from brick and concrete block. 

Along with other activities, students may mix and spread cement and mortar, read blueprints and plans, 

and estimate materials needed for a project. Other topics may also include how to layout buildings on 

footings and how to establish grades using a surveying transit. 

17009 Building Maintenance 

Building Maintenance courses train students to maintain commercial, industrial, and residential 

buildings and homes. Instruction is provided in the basic maintenance and repair of air conditioning, 

heating, plumbing, electrical, and other mechanical systems. Topics covered may include identifying 

and using hand and power tools safely; installing and repairing floor coverings, walls, and ceilings; 

installing and repairing doors, windows, screens, and cabinets; applying finishes to prepared surfaces; 

and repairing roofs, masonry, plumbing, and electrical systems. 

17010 Home Maintenance 

Home Maintenance courses provide students with knowledge and skills related to devices and 

systems found in the home. Course content may include electrical wiring, plumbing, window and door 

repair and installation, wall and floor repair and finishing, furniture repair and finishing, and small 

appliance repair. 

194
 
 

17011 Wall Finishings 

Wall Finishings courses prepare students to finish exterior or interior surfaces by applying 

protective coating materials such as paint, lacquer, wallpaper, plaster, or stucco. Course topics may 

include instruction in making, mixing, and matching paint colors; applying coating with various types of 

equipment; applying wallpaper; lathing, preparing surfaces, smoothing, and finishing. 

17012 Upholstering 

Upholstering courses prepare students in all aspects of upholstering furniture. Topics covered 

may include installing, repairing, arranging, and securing the springs, filler, padding and cover materials 

of chairs, couches and mattresses; cutting, sewing and trimming; cushion filling, tufting, and buttoning; 

and wood refinishing. 

17047 General Construction—Independent Study 

 General Construction—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore construction-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve 

as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in 

greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

17048 General Construction—Workplace Experience 

General Construction—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related 

to construction. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

17049 General Construction—Other 

Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing 

17051 Air Conditioning 

Air Conditioning courses offer students specialized training related to the design, installation, 

and repair of air conditioning systems for residential and commercial use. These courses may emphasize 

the theory and design of electrical, electronic, mechanical, and pneumatic control systems used in air 

conditioning systems; they might also (or instead) focus on procedures used in troubleshooting, 

servicing, and installing components of air conditioning systems. 

17052 Refrigeration 

Refrigeration courses provide students with exposure to and training in the theories, equipment, 

and skills needed to design, install, and repair commercial and residential refrigeration systems. Course 

topics typically include the theory of thermodynamics, measurement of pressures and temperatures, 

components and common accessories of refrigeration systems, and repair and safety procedures. 

195
 
 

17053 Heating 

Heating courses offer students training specific to the design, installation, and repair of heating 

systems for residential use. Topics typically include electric, gas, and/or steam systems; ventilation 

procedures; safety practices; and installation and trouble-shooting techniques. 

17054 Air Conditioning/Refrigeration 

Air Conditioning/Refrigeration courses enable students to develop the combined skills and 

knowledge to install, maintain, adjust, and repair both air conditioning and refrigeration systems. 

17055 Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration 

In Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration courses, students learn the basic principles of 

these systems, along with how to identify and safely use tools/equipment used in the trade. 

17056 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 

These courses synthesize basic and advanced principles in heating, ventilation, and air 

conditioning and include topics such as air filtration methods, humidity control, and the installation and 

maintenance of heat pumps, furnaces, and air conditioners. Students also learn about climate control 

systems; electrical wiring; systems design; sizing, fabricating, and installing ductwork; installing and 

maintaining climate control systems; and safety. 

17057 Particular Topics in HVACR 

These courses offer students specialized training in aspects or topics that are common to various 

climate control systems (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems); such topics 

may include electrical components, diagrams and blueprints, welding and soldering techniques, and so 

on. 

17058 Plumbing 

Plumbing courses provide students with instruction in installing waste and vent systems, water 

and gas pipes, trim, and fixtures. Skills taught include cutting and joining various types of pipe (for 

instance, steel, plastic) using various methods (cement, seat method, and so on). 

17059 Plumbing and Heating 

Plumbing and Heating courses address the installation, assembly, maintenance, and repair of 

piping, plumbing, heating equipment, and water and drainage systems. Topics covered include the 

computation of heat losses and BTU requirements and blueprint reading. Students gain experience with 

electric, gas, and oil furnaces; vacuum pumps; air compressors; and mechanical and pneumatic testing 

equipment. 

196
 
 

17097 Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing—Independent Study 

Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to air conditioning, heating 

and plumbing. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

17098 Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing—Workplace Experience 

Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing—Workplace Experience courses provide work 

experience in a field related to air conditioning, heating, and/or plumbing. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

17099 Air Conditioning, Heating, and Plumbing—Other 

Electricity/Electronics 

17101 Exploration of Electricity/Electronics 

 Exploration of Electricity/Electronics courses offer instruction in the theory of electricity and in 

the terminology, skills, and safety procedures common to careers involving electricity and electronics. 

Topics include (but are not limited to) Ohm’s law, electrical equipment, wire systems, and so on; career 

exploration is often (but not always) an integral part of these courses. 

17102 Electricity—Comprehensive 

Electricity—Comprehensive courses provide a survey of the theory, terminology, equipment, 

and practical experience in the skills needed for careers in the electrical field. These courses typically 

include AC and DC circuitry, safety, and the National Electrical Code and may cover such skills as 

those involved in building circuits; wiring residential, commercial, and/or industrial buildings; installing 

lighting, power circuits, and cables; and estimating job costs. As students progress, their projects 

become more complex and expansive. In these courses, safety is stressed, and a career exploration 

component may be offered. 

17103 Residential Wiring 

Covering many of the same topics as Electricity—Comprehensive courses, Residential Wiring 

courses apply the knowledge and skills that students acquire to the electrical systems found in family 

dwellings. Because these courses emphasize residential electricity, topics may also include cable 

installation, telephone systems, and the installation of lighting fixtures, outlets, and so on. Maintenance 

and repair skills are often included as course topics. 

197
 
 

17104 Industrial Electricity 

Covering many of the same topics as Electricity—Comprehensive courses, Industrial Electricity 

courses apply the knowledge and skills that students acquire to the electrical systems used in industry. 

Because of this emphasis, these courses may also cover the installation of transformers and control 

devices, emergency generator systems, and other industrial applications. 

17105 Particular Topics in Electricity 

These courses provide students with specialized knowledge and help them develop skills in 

particular topics concerning the nature, behavior, and application of electrical current. 

17106 Electronics—Comprehensive 

Electronics—Comprehensive courses provide a survey of the theory, terminology, equipment, 

and practical experience in the skills needed for careers in the electronic field as well as typically cover 

the theory of electricity. Course topics may include AC, DC, analog, and integrated circuitry and solid 

state and digital devices, amplifiers, and semiconductors. Skills covered may involve the repair, 

maintenance, and building of electronic equipment such as radios, television sets, and industrial 

equipment. 

17107 Particular Topics in Electronics 

Individual courses in this category offer specialized training in topics related to electronics such 

as diodes, transistors, digital techniques, solid-state devices, analog circuits, and microprocessors. 

17108 Electricity/Electronics—General 

Electricity/Electronics—General courses teach fundamental concepts of electricity and 

electronics, including safety procedures, and may introduce students to the available occupations in 

electrical and electronic industries. Topics covered typically include components of circuits; reading 

schematics and diagrams; electricity and electronics as sources of energy; signal transmission; and using 

equipment common to these occupations, such as ammeters, voltmeters, capacitor checkers, transistor 

testers, signal generators, and ohmmeters. 

17109 Particular Topics in Electricity/Electronics 

These courses provide instruction in the theory and skills needed in fields involving electricity 

and electronics and related fields that focus on electrical wiring or electronic signals. 

17110 Analog and Digital Circuits 

In these courses, analog and digital circuits and systems are compared. Topics covered include 

binary and continuously variable currents and signals (typically in the context of voltage), waveforms, 

signal loss and distortion, modulation, and signal processing. These courses may also introduce other 

media, such as sound waves and liquids. 

198
 
 

17111 Analog Circuits 

Analog Circuit courses emphasize currents and voltages that have continuously variable signals 

and, due to that emphasis, concentrate on signal modulation, transmission and reception, signal loss and 

distortion, and waveforms. These courses may also address conversion techniques. 

17112 Digital Circuits 

Digital Circuit courses emphasize currents and voltages that have binary states and, due to that 

emphasis, concentrate on transmission and reception of binary data, signal loss, and processing circuitry. 

These courses may also address conversion techniques. 

17147 Electricity/Electronics—Independent Study 

 Electricity/Electronics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore electricity- or electronics-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore 

a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

17148 Electricity/Electronics—Workplace Experience 

Electricity/Electronics—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience 

in a field related to electricity and/or electronics. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, 

teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

17149 Electricity/Electronics—Other 

All Others 

17995 Architecture and Construction—Aide 

Architecture and Construction—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors 

in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

17997 Architecture and Construction—Independent study 

Architecture and Construction—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore architecture and construction-related topics of interest. Independent 

Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular 

application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

199
 
 

17998 Architecture and Construction—Workplace Experience 

Architecture and Construction—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to architecture or construction. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

17999 Architecture and Construction—Other 

200
 
 

Subject Area 18: Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (secondary) 

Comprehensive 

18001 Introduction to Agriculture and Natural Resources 

Introduction to Agriculture courses survey a wide array of topics within the agricultural industry, 

exposing students to the many and varied types of agriculture and livestock career opportunities and to 

those in related fields (such as natural resources). These courses serve to introduce students to the 

agricultural field, providing them an opportunity to identify an area for continued study or to determine 

that their interest lies elsewhere. They often focus on developing communication skills, business 

principles, and leadership skills. 

18002 Agriculture—Comprehensive 

 Agriculture—Comprehensive courses cover a wide range of agricultural topics, including plant 

and animal science, production, and processing; agricultural mechanics, including tool and machine 

operation and repair; construction and repair of farm structures; business operations and management; 

and the careers available in the agricultural industry. They may also include topics such as chemical and 

soil science, ecology, agricultural marketing, and veterinary science. 

18003 Agriculture and Natural Resources—Comprehensive 

Agriculture and Natural Resources—Comprehensive courses cover a wide range of topics 

concerning agriculture and natural resources, including plant and animal science, production, and 

processing; environmental science and conservation; ecology; agricultural mechanics; agricultural 

construction; business operations and management; and the careers available in the agricultural/natural 

resources industry. They may also include topics such as chemical and soil science, forestry, agricultural 

marketing, and veterinary science. 

Plant Systems 

18051 Plant Production/Science 

Plant Production/Science courses provide knowledge about the propagation of plants for food 

and fiber. These courses may cover such topics as soil science, irrigation, pest and weed control, food 

and fiber processing, and farm operations. They may also cover the knowledge and skills needed to 

produce all types of crops or may emphasize a particular area of the agricultural industry. 

18052 General Horticulture 

General Horticulture courses expose students to the art and science of growing plants, shrubs, 

trees, flowers, fruits, and vegetables. In doing so, they cover a wide variety of topics, including 

greenhouse and nursery operations, soils and media mixtures, fruit and vegetable production, turf/golf 

course management, interior and exterior plantscaping, irrigation systems, weed and pest control, and 

floral design. 

201
 
 

18053 Ornamental Horticulture 

Similar to General Horticulture, Ornamental Horticulture courses provide information regarding 

the care and propagation of plants, flowers, trees, and shrubs, but place a special emphasis on those used 

for decorative and aesthetic purposes. Because of this particular emphasis, Ornamental Horticulture 

courses usually concentrate on nurseries and greenhouses and on the floristry industry. 

18054 Turf and Landscape Management 

Turf and Landscape Management courses provide instruction that incorporates plant science, soil 

and media mixtures, plant identification and optimal environments, and landscape design. These courses 

emphasize applying such knowledge and skill to the design, establishment, and maintenance of lawns, 

parks, open space, and similar environments. 

18055 Soil Science 

Soil Science courses involve the study of soil properties, including soil chemistry, biology, 

fertility, mineralogy, and hydrology. Topics covered may also include soil conservation, irrigation, and 

management. 

18056 Particular Topics in Plant Systems 

These courses examine specific topics related to Plant Systems, such as floral design, 

hydroponics, or landscaping, rather than provide a general study of plant systems or horticulture. 

18097 Plant Systems—Independent Study 

Courses in Plant Systems—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to plant systems. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

18098 Plant Systems—Workplace Experience 

Plant Systems—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to 

plant systems (care, propagation, and processing). Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, 

teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

18099 Plant Systems—Other 

202
 
 

Animal Systems 

18101 Animal Production/Science 

Animal Production/Science courses impart information about the care and management of 

domestic and farm animals. These courses may cover animal nutrition, health, behavior, selection, 

reproduction, anatomy and physiology, facilities, product processing, and marketing. Students may 

study a particular species (swine, cattle, horses, fowl, sheep, and so on), or they may learn how to care 

for and maintain livestock as a more inclusive study. 

18102 Small Animal Care 

Small Animal Care courses focus on the care and management of small animals. Animal 

nutrition, health, behavior, reproduction and breeding, anatomy and physiology, facilities, handling and 

training, and grooming are typical areas of study. Course topics may include kennel operations and 

sales. 

18103 Large Animal Care 

Large Animal Care courses focus on the care and management of large animals. Animal 

nutrition, health, behavior, reproduction and breeding, anatomy and physiology, facilities, handling and 

training, and grooming are typical areas of study. Course topics may include product processing and 

marketing. 

18104 Equine Science 

Equine Science courses focus on the care and management of horses. Animal nutrition, health, 

behavior, reproduction and breeding, anatomy and physiology, facilities, handling and training, and 

grooming are typical areas of study. 

18105 Veterinary Science 

Veterinary Science courses impart information about the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of 

diseases and injuries of animals, typically emphasizing domestic and farm animals. Course topics focus 

on anatomy and physiology, nutrition, behavior, and reproduction, but may also include other areas of 

study as appropriate. 

18106 Particular Topics in Animal Systems 

These courses examine specific topics related to animal care and management, production, or 

processing, such as equine training or animal waste management, rather than provide a general study of 

animal care and the systems related to their growth and management. 

203
 
 

18147 Animal Systems—Independent Study 

Courses in Animal Systems—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to animal systems. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

18148 Animal Systems—Workplace Experience 

Animal Systems—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to 

animal systems (management, care, and/or processing). Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

18149 Animal Systems—Other 

Agribusiness 

18201 Agribusiness Management 

Agribusiness Management courses provide students with the information and skills necessary for 

success in agribusiness and in operating entrepreneurial ventures in the agricultural industry. These 

courses may cover topics such as economic principles, budgeting, risk management, finance, business 

law, marketing and promotion strategies, insurance, and resource management. Other possible topics 

include developing a business plan, employee/employer relations, problem-solving and decisionmaking, commodities, and building leadership skills. These courses may also incorporate a survey of the 

careers within the agricultural industry. 

18202 Agricultural Entrepreneurship 

Agricultural Entrepreneurship courses focus on the personal skills necessary for success in 

entrepreneurial ventures in the agricultural industry. Topics include setting goals, assessing and solving 

problems, evaluating financial progress and success, business planning, information management and 

evaluation, and recordkeeping. 

18203 Agricultural Leadership 

 Agricultural Leadership courses help students develop leadership skills with a focus on 

opportunities in the food, fiber, and natural resources industries. Topics may include but are not limited 

to human relationships and effective communication, decision-making and problem-solving, leadership 

qualities and styles, and ensuring successful completion of group activities. 

18204 Particular Topics in Agribusiness 

These courses examine specific topics related to Agribusiness, such as international agriculture 

or commodities, rather than provide a general study of agribusiness principles. 

204
 
 

18247 Agribusiness—Independent Study 

Courses in Agribusiness—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to agribusiness. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

18248 Agribusiness—Workplace Experience 

Agribusiness—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in fields related to 

agribusiness. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

18249 Agribusiness—Other 

Agricultural Production/Processing 

18301 Agricultural Production 

Agricultural Production courses combine content related to animal and plant production, 

providing comprehensive coverage of the production functions of the agricultural industry. These 

courses typically cover such topics as care and management of farm animals, crop production and 

harvesting, plant and animal insect and disease control, efficient resource management, and farm 

management. 

18302 Agricultural Processing 

Agricultural Processing courses impart the knowledge and skills needed to bring animal and 

plant products to market. They may cover a wide variety of topics, including care and maintenance of 

animals or plants, quality selection and preservation, equipment care and sanitation, government 

regulations, and marketing and consumer trends. Agricultural Processing courses may present an 

overview of agricultural processing or may specialize in particular types of products. 

18303 Plant Processing 

Plant Processing courses impart the knowledge and skills needed to bring plant products to 

market. They may cover a wide variety of topics, including plant production, quality selection and 

preservation, equipment care and sanitation, government regulations, and marketing and consumer 

trends. Plant Processing courses may present an overview of product processing or may specialize in 

specific plant products. 

205
 
 

18304 Animal Processing 

Animal Processing courses impart the knowledge and skills needed to bring animal products to 

market. Although these courses may present an overview of animal care and maintenance, they typically 

emphasize quality selection, product preservation, equipment care and sanitation, government 

regulations, and marketing and consumer trends. Animal Processing courses may present an overview of 

several types of animal products or may specialize in particular products, such as meat, leather, wool, 

dairy products, and so on. 

18305 Food Product Processing 

Food Product Processing courses impart the knowledge and skills needed to produce and 

manufacture food products for the consumer market. These courses focus on food products while 

covering a variety of topics, such as quality selection and preservation, equipment care and sanitation, 

government regulations, marketing, consumer trends, and product research and development. 

18306 Aquaculture 

Aquaculture courses impart the knowledge and skills needed for producing fish, plants, and other 

species living in an aquatic environment, and course topics typically include the selection, propagation, 

harvesting, and marketing of those species. Instruction may also address aquatic and marine biology, 

ecosystems, water quality and management, and business practices. 

18307 Agriculture and Society 

Agriculture and Society courses provide an overview of the importance of, impact on, and 

relationships between agricultural endeavors and society at large. These courses typically emphasize 

economic and environmental factors and impacts (such as urban and agricultural water use) and the 

influences of society on agricultural endeavors (including production, processing, and distribution). 

Current technological advances (such as genetic engineering) may also be discussed. 

18308 Agricultural Biotechnology 

Agricultural Biotechnology courses apply biological principles and understanding to plant and 

animal science in order to produce or refine agricultural products. Course topics typically include but are 

not limited to microbiology, genetics, growth and reproduction, structural basis of function in living 

systems, chemistry of living systems, quantitative problem-solving, and data acquisition and display. 

These courses also often cover the ethics of biotechnology. 

18309 Particular Topics in Agricultural Production/Processing 

These courses examine specific topics related to producing and processing agricultural products 

(such as meat cutting) rather than provide a general study of production or processing. 

206
 
 

18347 Agricultural Production and Processing—Independent Study 

Courses in Agricultural Production and Processing—Independent Study, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to agricultural production and 

processing. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

18348 Agricultural Production and Processing—Workplace Experience 

Agricultural Production and Processing—Workplace Experience courses provide students with 

work experience in fields related to agricultural production and processing. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

18349 Agricultural Production and Processing—Other 

Agricultural Mechanics and Construction 

18401 Agriculture Mechanics/Equipment/Structures 

 Agriculture Mechanics/Equipment/Structures courses provide students with the skills and 

knowledge that are specifically applicable to the tools and equipment used in the agricultural industry. 

While learning to apply basic industrial knowledge and skills (engine mechanics, power systems, 

welding, and carpentry, among others), students may explore a broad range of topics, including the 

operation, mechanics, and care of farm tools and machines; the construction and repair of structures 

integral to farm operations; a study of electricity and power principles; and safety procedures. 

18402 Agriculture Mechanics and Equipment 

Agriculture Mechanics and Equipment courses provide students with the engineering and power 

technology principles, skills, and knowledge that are specifically applicable to the agricultural industry. 

Typical topics include the operation, maintenance, and repair of power, electrical, hydraulic, and 

mechanical systems. 

18403 Agriculture Structures 

 Agriculture Structures courses provide students with the skills and knowledge that are 

specifically applicable to the construction, maintenance, and repair of structures integral to the 

agricultural industry, including but not limited to animal enclosures, irrigation systems, and storage 

facilities. In these courses, students typically study design, planning, and construction knowledge and 

skills (such as survey, carpentry, plumbing, concrete, and electrical systems), in addition to the safe 

operation of tools and machines. 

207
 
 

18404 Agriculture Welding 

Agriculture Welding courses provide students with the skills and knowledge that are specifically 

applicable to the tools and equipment used in the agricultural industry. In learning to apply basic 

industrial knowledge and skills (engines, power, welding, and carpentry, among others), students may 

explore a broad range of topics, including the operation, mechanics, and care of farm tools and 

machines; the construction and repair of structures integral to farm operations; an introduction or review 

of electricity and power; and safety procedures. 

18405 Particular Topics in Agricultural Mechanics and Construction 

These courses examine specific topics related to agricultural mechanics and construction, such as 

specific vehicles or structures, rather than provide a general study of mechanics and construction 

techniques. 

18447 Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Independent Study 

Courses in Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Independent Study, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to topics of interest related to agricultural mechanics and/or 

construction. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

18448 Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Workplace Experience 

Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Workplace Experience courses provide work 

experience in fields related to agricultural mechanics and construction. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

18449 Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Other 

Natural Resources 

18501 Wildlife Management 

Often with an emphasis on the conservation of natural resources and frequently including 

outdoor recreation topics, Wildlife Management courses provide students with the opportunity to 

understand and appreciate the importance of maintaining the land and ecological systems that enable 

nondomesticated animals to thrive. Wildlife Management courses emphasize how humans and animals 

may both take advantage of the same land or how to gain economic benefits from the land while not 

degrading its natural resources or depleting plant or animal populations. 

208
 
 

18502 Forestry 

Forestry courses provide students with the information and experience necessary for the 

cultivation, management, and care of forests or timberlands. Forestry courses cover topics such as the 

processes of regeneration and reforestation, harvesting and conservation of natural resources, erosion 

and pest control, trail development and maintenance, mapping and surveying, operation of forestry 

tools, government regulations, environmental stewardship, and recreational use of forests. 

18503 Forestry Harvesting 

Forestry Harvesting courses involve the study of methods to manage, protect, and harvest timber 

stands and specialty forest crops; equipment maintenance and repair; the selection, planting, 

transplanting, and harvesting of trees; forest management; and safety procedures. 

18504 Natural Resources Management 

Natural Resources Management courses combine the fields of ecology and conservation with 

planning for the efficient use and preservation of land, water, wildlife, and forests. Within the general 

area of natural resources management, these courses usually cover specific topics and uses, such as 

hunting or fishing preserves, forest production and management, wildlife preservation, and human 

outdoor recreation. 

18505 Particular Topics in Natural Resources 

These courses examine specific topics related to natural resources, such as urban forestry or 

hunter education, rather than provide a general study of natural resource principles and topics. 

18547 Natural Resources—Independent Study 

Courses in Natural Resources—Independent Study, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to natural resources. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

18548 Natural Resources—Workplace Experience 

Natural Resources—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to natural resources. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

18549 Natural Resources—Other 

209
 
 

All Others 

18995 Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Aide 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

18997 Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Independent Study 

Courses in Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Independent Study, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topic of interest related to agriculture, food, and 

natural resources. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

18998 Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Workplace Experience 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Workplace Experience courses provide students 

with work experience in fields related to agriculture, food, and natural resources. Goals are typically set 

cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These 

courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

18999 Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Other 

210
 
 

Subject Area 19: Human Services (secondary) 

19001 Human Services Career Exploration 

Human Services Career Exploration courses introduce and expose students to the career 

opportunities pertaining to the provision of personal and consumer services for other human beings. 

Course topics vary and may include (but are not limited to) caring for others, education, cosmetology, 

apparel/textiles, entrepreneurship, labor laws, and customer service. Course activities depend upon the 

careers being explored. 

Child and Elder Care 

19051 Child Care 

Child Care courses provide students with knowledge about the physical, mental, emotional, and 

social growth and development of children from birth through childhood. Main topics include the 

fundamentals of working with infants, toddlers, and older children; providing healthy environments; 

evaluating child care settings; and the practices, regulations, and opportunities in the child care industry. 

Often, Child Care courses provide students with practical experience in a child care center. Advanced 

topics may include various learning theories; development of activities; operation of a child care center; 

recognition of childhood diseases, abuse, and neglect; and first aid/emergency training. 

19052 Child Development 

Child Development classes provide students with knowledge about the physical, mental, 

emotional, and social growth and development of children from conception to pre-school age, 

emphasizing the application of this knowledge in child care settings. These courses typically include 

related topics such as the appropriate care of infants, toddlers, and young children. 

19053 Elder Care 

Elder Care courses emphasize the care of human beings as they grow older. These courses 

involve the study of the biological, physiological, social, and psychological needs and concerns of the 

elderly, and deal with the aging process, death, and dying in a realistic manner. Elder Care courses may 

cover work and personal habits appropriate to the field, and may also offer the opportunity to explore 

various careers. 

19054 Caregiving Service 

Caregiving Service courses emphasize the care of human beings who are unable or who need 

assistance to care for themselves. These courses involve the study of the biological, physiological, 

social, and psychological needs and concerns of young children, the elderly, and/or the disabled. 

Additional topics may include planning daily routines; appropriate environments and activities; growth 

and aging processes; and techniques for managing a center or working in others’ homes. 

211
 
 

19055 Particular Topics in Child and Elder Care 

These courses examine specific topics related to child and elder care, such as regulations of the 

industry or caring for people with special needs, rather than providing a general study of child and elder 

care. 

19097 Child and Elder Care—Independent Study 

Child and Elder Care—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to child and elder care. Independent Study courses 

may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore 

a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

19098 Child and Elder Care—Workplace Experience 

Child and Elder Care—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in 

fields related to caring for others. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

19099 Child and Elder Care—Other 

Cosmetology 

19101 Cosmetology—Licensing 

Cosmetology—Licensing courses provide students with the knowledge and skills applicable to 

the care of hair, skin, and nails, and prepare students for the state’s Board of Cosmetology examinations. 

Almost always a series of courses with a specified number of instructional hours, Cosmetology— 

Licensing courses also require applied experience. Course content covers such topics as human anatomy 

and skin conditions, chemistry and bacteriology, sanitation and sterilization, state laws and regulations, 

and shop management. These courses provide students with experiences in shampooing, cutting, styling, 

bleaching, coloring, tinting, waving, and relaxing hair and providing facials and manicures. 

19102 Barbering 

Barbering courses provide students with the skills and experience to shave, style, and trim 

mustaches and beards and to cut, shampoo, and style hair. Course topics include hygiene, skin and scalp 

disease, and use of equipment. Barbering courses may aim to prepare students for the state’s licensing 

examinations, and may include topics similar to those included in Cosmetology courses. 

19103 Hair Styling 

Hair Styling courses provide students with the skills and experience to cut, shampoo, and style 

hair. Course topics include hygiene, skin and scalp disease, and use of equipment. These courses 

provide students with experiences in shampooing, cutting, styling, bleaching, coloring, tinting, waving, 

and relaxing hair. 

212
 
 

19104 Cosmetology—Non-licensing 

Cosmetology—Non-licensing courses provide students with the knowledge and skills applicable 

to the care of hair, skin, and nails, but do not necessarily prepare students for the state’s Board of 

Cosmetology examinations. Students gain experience in hair care, facials, and manicures; course topics 

usually include human anatomy, sanitation and sterilization, and related chemistry and bacteriology. 

Shop management and state regulations may also be included. 

19105 Cosmetology—Nail Specialization 

Cosmetology—Nail Specialization courses offer students experience in providing manicures, 

pedicures, and nail extension treatments. These courses may also include topics such as hygiene, 

entrepreneurship, human relations, and other related subject matter. 

19106 Cosmetology—Facial Specialization 

Cosmetology—Facial Specialization courses offer students information and experience related to 

skin care, the provision of facials, make-up application, and facial massage. These courses may also 

include topics such as hygiene and sanitation, human anatomy and skin conditions, entrepreneurship, 

and/or human relations. 

19107 Particular Topics in Cosmetology 

These courses examine specific topics related to cosmetology not otherwise described, such as 

electrolysis, rather than providing a general study. 

19147 Cosmetology—Independent Study 

Cosmetology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to cosmetology. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater 

detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

19148 Cosmetology—Workplace Experience 

Cosmetology—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in the 

cosmetology field. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although 

students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving 

further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

19149 Cosmetology—Other 

213
 
 

Education 

19151 Teaching Profession 

Teaching Profession courses introduce students to the principles underlying teaching and 

learning, the responsibilities and duties of teachers, and the techniques of imparting knowledge and 

information. These courses typically expose students to and train them in classroom management, 

student behavior, leadership and human relations skills, assessment of student progress, teaching 

strategies, and various career opportunities in the field of education. 

19152 Educational Methodology 

Educational Methodology courses prepare students to teach and guide others. These courses 

typically provide opportunities for students to develop their own teaching objectives, to design lesson 

plans, and to experience teaching in a controlled environment. Students examine and practice teaching 

strategies, learning styles, time management and planning strategies, presentation and questioning skills, 

classroom management, and evaluation techniques. 

19153 Early Childhood Education 

Early Childhood Education courses address child development, care, and education issues, so 

that students can guide the development of young children in an educational setting. Study typically 

includes planning and implementing developmentally appropriate activities, basic health and safety 

practices, and legal requirements for teaching young children. 

19154 Particular Topics in Education 

These courses examine specific topics in education other than those already described, such as 

management of school-age children, rather than providing a general study of the teaching profession. 

19197 Education—Independent Study 

Education—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to education. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater 

detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

19198 Education—Workplace Experience 

Education—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields 

related to education. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

19199 Education—Other 

214
 
 

Apparel and Furnishings 

19201 Clothing and Textiles 

Clothing and Textiles courses introduce students to and expand upon the various aspects of 

apparel, garment construction, and the textile industry, conveying the commercial application of design 

principles, production processes, and maintenance techniques. These courses usually address the 

selection, characteristics, care, and repair of various textiles; operation and care of commercial sewing 

machines; design, construction, and production of fabrics and/or garments; and career opportunities in 

the garment or textile industry. 

19202 Clothing/Textile Maintenance 

Clothing/Textile Maintenance courses provide students with the knowledge and skills to clean, 

care for, and maintain clothing and textiles. Course topics typically include dry cleaning and laundering 

techniques, identifying fabrics and the optimal cleaning agents and processes, instruction in altering and 

repairing garments, and the safe use of the equipment, tools, and agents. 

19203 Apparel Construction 

Apparel Construction courses provide students with the knowledge and skill to construct, alter, 

and repair clothing and textile products. Course topics typically include taking measurements, creating 

and preparing patterns, and various sewing techniques; topics may also include customer service, 

fashion design principles, and business management. These courses may also offer specialized 

knowledge in a particular type of garment. 

19204 Apparel and Textile Services 

Apparel and Textile Services courses introduce students to and expand upon various services 

that concern the care and maintenance of apparel, textiles, and furnishing. Course topics may include 

upholstery, dry cleaning, commercial sewing, and tailoring. 

19205 Home Furnishing 

Home Furnishing courses provide students with basic knowledge regarding furnishing and 

decorating home environments. While exploring design principles, personal needs and style, and 

decision-making, students may also explore the following topics: color, texture, furniture styles and 

arrangement, lighting, window treatments, floor and wall coverings, and home 

improvement/modification. Home Furnishing courses may also cover architectural style and design and 

take a larger look at housing problems or current housing issues. 

19206 Home Furnishings Production 

Home Furnishings Production courses enable students to plan, select, and construct upholstery, 

slip covers, draperies and other window treatments, and other home accessories. Some courses may 

emphasize upholstery exclusively. Course content typically includes proper use of equipment, interior 

decorating principles, and employability skills. 

215
 
 

19207 Particular Topics in Apparel and Furnishings 

These courses examine specific topics in apparel and furnishings other than those already 

described, such as tailoring or shoe repair, rather than providing a general study. 

19247 Apparel and Furnishings—Independent Study 

Apparel and Furnishings—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to apparel, textiles, and furnishings. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

19248 Apparel and Furnishings—Workplace Experience 

Apparel and Furnishings—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in fields related to apparel, textiles, and furnishings. Goals are typically set cooperatively by 

the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may 

include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding 

experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

19249 Apparel and Furnishings—Other 

All Others 

19995 Human Services—Aide 

Human Services—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in preparing, 

organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional assistance to 

other students. 

19997 Human Services—Independent Study 

Human Services—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to providing human services. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

19998 Human Services—Workplace Experience 

Human Services—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a 

field related to the provision of human services. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, 

teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

19999 Human Services—Other 

216
 
 

Subject Area 20: Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics (secondary) 

Transportation Technology 

20001 Exploration of Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics 

Exploration of Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics courses introduce students to careers 

that involve the planning, management, and movement of people, materials, and products using any of 

several modes of transport. Such careers may also involve infrastructure, vehicular maintenance and 

repair, and operating or managing facilities that hold what is being transported. Therefore, specific 

course topics vary widely and depend upon the careers being explored. 

Operation 

20051 Truck and Bus Driving 

Truck and Bus Driving courses instruct students in the proper and safe handling and operation of 

trucks and buses. Strategies for driving in hazardous conditions, observing laws and regulations, loading 

cargo or passengers, documenting cargo loads, and expectations of driving careers are all typical course 

topics. 

20052 Heavy Equipment Operation 

Heavy Equipment Operation courses enable students to safely operate the heavy equipment used 

for mining, construction, and utility industries. Typically, courses also include light maintenance 

principles and techniques. 

20053 Aviation 

Aviation courses provide students with an understanding of the science of flight and typically 

include the history, regulations, and possible career paths within the aviation industry. Aviation courses 

usually cover physics, the relationships of weight and balance, principles of navigation and flight 

control, ground and airport operations and services, and Federal Aviation Agency regulations. 

20054 Boat Operation 

Boat Operation courses typically cover operation and maintenance of marine vehicles, marine 

navigation, and emergency procedures, as well as other skills necessary or useful for work or life at sea 

(e.g., loading and unloading or cooking). Specific topics may include docking and undocking a vessel, 

engine maintenance, commercial fishing, firefighting aboard ship, and CPR. 

20097 Operation—Independent Study 

Operation—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to the operation of vehicles. Independent Study courses may 

serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a 

topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

217
 
 

20098 Operation—Workplace Experience 

Operation—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in fields 

related to the operation of vehicles. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and 

employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as 

well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in 

the workplace. 

20099 Operation—Other 

Mechanics and Repair 

20101 Energy/Power 

Energy/Power courses focus on one or several aspects of energy and power in transportation and 

work. Course content may include various sources of energy and their use in society (for example, 

characteristics, availability, conversion, storage, environmental impact, and socioeconomic aspects of 

various energy sources); principles involved in various means of energy transfer, such as 

electricity/electronics, hydraulics, pneumatics, heat transfer, and wind/nuclear/solar energies; and the 

transmission and control of power through mechanical or electrical devices such as motors and engines. 

20102 Power and Mechanics 

Power and Mechanics courses enable students to understand the principles underlying various 

kinds of mechanics (aircraft, auto, diesel, and marine) and how energy is converted, transmitted, and 

controlled. Topics typically include maintaining and servicing machines, engines, and devices while 

emphasizing energy sources, electricity, and power transmission. The courses may also provide 

information on career opportunities within the field of mechanics and/or transportation. 

20103 Introduction to Automobiles 

Primarily intended as a personal automobile mechanics course, but also useful for students 

exploring future careers in automotive technologies, Introduction to Automobiles courses expose 

students to the various mechanical systems in automobiles and provide basic experience in maintenance 

tasks. The course may also cover career opportunities in the automotive and/or transportation fields. 

20104 Automotive Mechanics—Comprehensive 

 Automotive Mechanics—Comprehensive courses emphasize the diagnosis and repair of 

automobile engines and support systems such as brakes, cooling, drive trains, electrical/electronics 

components, emission, fuel, ignition, steering, suspension, and transmissions. Course topics often 

include the comprehension and use of repair manuals, safety, and employability skills (including shop 

management and entrepreneurship). 

218
 
 

20105 Particular Topics in Automotive Mechanics 

These courses provide instruction in the mechanics of a particular system or condition, such as 

transmissions, brakes, fuel, exhaust, or electrical systems, rather than providing a general study of 

diagnosis and repair of automobile mechanics. 

20106 Automotive Service 

Automotive Service courses emphasize preventative auto maintenance and automobile 

troubleshooting. Course content typically includes tune-up, oil change, and lubrication skills; tire 

replacement, alignment, and balancing; and basic knowledge of brake, cooling, electrical, emission, 

fuel, ignition, steering, suspension, and transmission systems. These courses may also include public 

relations, sales techniques, and service station management. 

20107 Diesel Mechanics—Comprehensive 

Diesel Mechanics—Comprehensive courses prepare students to maintain and repair diesel 

engines and related systems. Specific course topics may include principles underlying diesel engines, 

analyzing electrical circuits and systems, troubleshooting and repairing cooling systems, testing and 

repairing air conditioning charging systems, reading and interpreting service manuals, and identifying 

the principles and components of fuel injection systems. Courses may also cover safety, employability 

skills, and entrepreneurship. 

20108 Particular Topics in Diesel Mechanics 

These courses cover specific topics relevant to occupations involving the maintenance and repair 

of vehicles with diesel engines, such as buses and trucks. One topic (or several closely related topics) 

concerning diesel mechanics is covered in specific detail in this type of course. 

20109 Small Vehicle Mechanics 

Small Vehicle Mechanics courses equip students with the knowledge and skill to repair and 

maintain engines in small vehicles (e.g., motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, and mopeds). 

Topics include (but are not limited to) maintaining frames and suspension, wheels and brakes, and drive 

trains; servicing fuel, exhaust, and electrical systems; performing tune-ups; and maintaining and 

repairing engines. Students may also learn safety on the job, employability skills, and entrepreneurship. 

20110 Small Engine Mechanics 

Small Engine Mechanics courses provide students with the opportunity to learn how to service 

and recondition small engines, typically emphasizing two- and four-cycle engines. These courses 

provide students with opportunities to troubleshoot and repair speed controls, lubrication, ignition, fuel, 

power transfer, cooling, exhaust, and starting systems; use hand, power, and overhaul tools; and read 

and interpret service manuals and parts’ catalogs. Applications may include lawn mowers, tractors, 

tillers, power tools, and so on. 

219
 
 

20111 Marine Mechanics 

The content of Marine Mechanics courses includes the service and repair of electrical, 

mechanical, power transfer, hydraulic, fuel, and cooling systems as applied to boat and/or ship engines; 

boat rigging; trailers; and marine-related merchandise. Courses may also cover communication, human 

relations, and employability skills, as well as safe, efficient work practices. 

20112 Heavy Equipment Mechanics 

Heavy Equipment Mechanics courses include the service and repair of electrical, mechanical, 

power transfer, hydraulic, fuel, and cooling systems of heavy equipment such as that used in mining, 

construction, and utility industries. 

20113 Aircraft Power Plant 

Aircraft Power Plant courses provide students with the information necessary to troubleshoot, 

test, repair, and install aircraft engines. Course content usually includes engine ignition, electrical, 

lubrication, cooling, exhaust, and fuel systems, along with aircraft instrumentation and safety features. 

20114 Aircraft Airframe 

Aircraft Airframe courses offer students information and instruction related to the structure and 

mechanics of aircraft, typically including hydraulic, pneumatic, instrumental, fuel, electrical, cabin 

atmosphere, and landing gear systems. Aircraft Airframe courses may also cover aircraft metals and 

coverings and related welding skills. 

20115 Automotive Detailing and Reconditioning 

Automotive Detailing and Reconditioning courses provide students with knowledge and skills 

related to repairing, refinishing, and detailing automobiles. Course topics typically include painting and 

refinishing, plastics and adhesives, damage analysis, and repair, in addition to occupational safety, 

employability, and entrepreneurship skills. 

20116 Automotive Body Repair and Refinishing—Comprehensive 

Automotive Body Repair and Refinishing courses provide students with knowledge and skills 

regarding the repair and refinishing of damaged or used cars. Course content may include (but is not 

limited to) stretching and shrinking auto body sheet metal; welding skills; frame and metal 

straightening; repair of fiberglass and synthetic materials; removing, repairing, and installing auto body 

parts such as panels, hoods, doors, and windows/glass; preparing vehicles and vehicle surfaces for 

refinishing; painting; applying body fillers; and estimating material and labor costs. 

20117 Particular Topics in Automotive Body Repair and Refinishing 

These courses provide specific instruction in individual topics relevant to the repair and 

refinishing of automobile bodies and surfaces. One topic or several closely related topics (such as nonstructural part replacement, auto body welding, or plastic repair) receive particular attention in this type 

of course. 

220
 
 

20118 Boat Repair/Refinishing 

Boat Repair/Refinishing courses convey a broad range of information and skills about how to 

repair and refinish boat mechanics, structures, and surfaces. In these courses, students become proficient 

in marine terminology, learn how to describe types of marine manufacturing and occupations, and 

prepare new and existing wood, fiberglass, and metal surfaces for painting or refinishing. These courses 

often cover safety, employability skills, and entrepreneurship. 

20147 Mechanics and Repair—Independent Study 

Mechanics and Repair—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, 

enable students to explore topics of interest related to the maintenance of vehicles and engines. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

20148 Mechanics and Repair—Workplace Experience 

Mechanics and Repair—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience 

in fields related to the maintenance of vehicles and engines. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

20149 Mechanics and Repair—Other 

Distribution and Logistics 

20151 Distribution—Comprehensive 

 Distribution—Comprehensive courses provide students with knowledge and skills related to the 

safe and efficient delivery of commodities to various markets. Course content typically includes the 

comparative advantages of various forms of transportation, distribution networks, processes for tracking 

large shipments of material, transportation of goods in a safe and secure manner, and packaging. 

20152 Warehouse Operations 

Warehouse Operations courses convey the principles and processes underlying the receiving, 

loading and unloading, tracking, and storing of large quantities of materials. Course topics typically 

include a variety of logistical implications for moving materials by several different modes of 

transportation, safety and security, and appropriate storage techniques. 

20197 Distribution and Logistics—Independent Study 

 Distribution and Logistics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to distribution and logistics. Independent 

Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular 

application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

221
 
 

20198 Distribution and Logistics—Workplace Experience 

Distribution and Logistics—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in fields related to distribution and logistics. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

20199 Distribution and Logistics—Other 

All Others 

20995 Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Aide 

Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist 

instructors in preparing, organizing, or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or 

instructional assistance to other students. 

20997 Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Independent Study 

Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Independent Study courses, often conducted with 

instructors as mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to transportation, distribution, 

and logistics. Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their 

expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced 

skills. 

20998 Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Workplace Experience 

Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Workplace Experience courses provide students 

with work experience in fields related to transportation, distribution, and logistics. Goals are typically 

set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). 

These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion 

regarding experiences encountered in the workplace. 

20999 Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics—Other 

222
 
 

Subject Area 21: Engineering and Technology (secondary) 

Engineering 

21001 Pre-Engineering Technology 

Pre-Engineering Technology courses integrate technology-oriented applications of mathematics 

and science into pre-engineering activities for students. Course topics may include material sciences, 

technology processes, enterprises, and career opportunities. 

21002 Engineering Applications 

Engineering Applications courses provide students with an overview of the practical uses of a 

variety of engineering applications. Topics covered usually include hydraulics, pneumatics, computer 

interfacing, robotics, computer-aided design, computer numerical control, and electronics. 

21003 Engineering Technology 

Engineering Technology courses provide students with the opportunity to focus on one or more 

areas of industrial technology. Students apply technological processes to solve real engineering 

problems; develop the knowledge and skills to design, modify, use, and apply technology; and may also 

design and build prototypes and working models. Topics covered in the course include the nature of 

technology, use of technology, and design processes. 

21004 Principles of Engineering 

Principles of Engineering courses provide students with an understanding of the 

engineering/technology field. Students typically explore how engineers use various technology systems 

and manufacturing processes to solve problems; they may also gain an appreciation of the social and 

political consequences of technological change. 

21005 Engineering—Comprehensive 

Engineering—Comprehensive courses introduce students to and expand their knowledge of 

major engineering concepts such as modeling, systems, design, optimization, technology-society 

interaction, and ethics. Particular topics often include applied engineering graphic systems, 

communicating technical information, engineering design principles, material science, research and 

development processes, and manufacturing techniques and systems. The courses may also cover the 

opportunities and challenges in various branches of engineering. 

21006 Engineering Design 

Engineering Design courses offer students experience in solving problems by applying a design 

development process. Often using solid modeling computer design software, students develop, analyze, 

and test product solutions models as well as communicate the features of those models. 

223
 
 

21007 Engineering Design and Development 

Engineering Design and Development courses provide students with the opportunity to apply 

engineering research principles as they design and construct a solution to an engineering problem. 

Students typically develop and test solutions using computer simulations or models but eventually create 

a working prototype as part of the design solution. 

21008 Digital Electronics 

Digital Electronics courses teach students how to use applied logic in the development of 

electronic circuits and devices. Students may use computer simulation software to design and test digital 

circuitry prior to the actual construction of circuits and devices. 

21009 Robotics 

Robotics courses develop and expand students’ skills and knowledge so that they can design and 

develop robotic devices. Topics covered in the course may include mechanics, electrical and motor 

controls, pneumatics, computer basics, and programmable logic controllers. 

21010 Computer Integrated Manufacturing 

Computer Integrated Manufacturing courses involve the study of robotics and automation. 

Building on computer solid modeling skills, students may use computer numerical control (CNC) 

equipment to produce actual models of their three-dimensional designs. Course topics may also include 

fundamental concepts of robotics, automated manufacturing, and design analysis. 

21011 Civil Engineering 

Civil Engineering courses expose students to the concepts and skills used by urban planners, 

developers, and builders. Students may be trained in soil sampling and analysis, topography and 

surveying, and drafting or blueprint-reading. Additional course topics may include traffic analysis, 

geologic principles, and urban design. 

21012 Civil Engineering and Architecture 

Civil Engineering and Architecture courses provide students with an overview of the fields of 

Civil Engineering and Architecture while emphasizing the interrelationship of both fields. Students 

typically use software to address real world problems and to communicate the solutions that they 

develop. Course topics typically include the roles of civil engineers and architects, project-planning, 

site-planning, building design, project documentation, and presentation. 

21013 Aerospace Engineering 

Aerospace Engineering courses introduce students to the world of aeronautics, flight, and 

engineering. Topics covered in the course may include the history of flight, aerodynamics and 

aerodynamics testing, flight systems, astronautics, space life systems, aerospace materials, and systems 

engineering. 

224
 
 

21014 Biotechnical Engineering 

Biotechnical Engineering courses enable students to develop and expand their knowledge and 

skills in biology, physics, technology, and mathematics. Course content may vary widely, drawing upon 

diverse fields such as biomedical engineering, biomolecular genetics, bioprocess engineering, 

agricultural biology, or environmental engineering. Students may engage in problems related to 

biomechanics, cardiovascular engineering, genetic engineering, agricultural biotechnology, tissue 

engineering, biomedical devices, human interfaces, bioprocesses, forensics, and bioethics. 

21015 Particular Topics in Engineering 

These courses examine specific topics in engineering other than those already described. 

21047 Engineering—Independent Study 

Engineering—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to engineering. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater 

detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

21048 Engineering—Workplace Experience 

 Engineering—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in an 

engineering-related field. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

21049 Engineering—Other 

Technology 

21051 Technological Literacy 

 Technological Literacy courses expose students to the communication, transportation, energy, 

production, biotechnology, and integrated technology systems and processes that affect their lives. The 

study of these processes enables students to better understand technological systems and their 

applications and uses. 

21052 Technological Processes 

Technological Processes courses provide students with the opportunity to focus on one or more 

areas of industrial technology, applying technological processes to solve real problems and developing 

the knowledge and skills to design, modify, use, and apply technology appropriately. Students may 

examine case studies, explore simulations, or design and build prototypes and working models. 

225
 
 

21053 Emerging Technologies 

Emerging Technologies courses emphasize students’ exposure to and understanding of new and 

emerging technologies. The range of technological issues varies widely but typically include lasers, 

fiber options, electronics, robotics, computer technologies, CAD/CAM, communication modalities, and 

transportation technologies. 

21054 Technology Innovation and Assessment 

Technology Innovation and Assessment courses use engineering design activities to help 

students understand how criteria, constraints, and processes affect design solutions and provide students 

with the skills to systematically assess technological developments or solutions. Course topics may 

include brainstorming, visualizing, modeling, simulating, constructing, testing, and refining designs. 

21055 Aerospace Technology 

Aerospace Technology courses introduce students to the technology systems used in the 

aerospace industry and their interrelationships. Examples of such systems include satellite 

communications systems, composite materials in airframe manufacturing, space station constructions 

techniques, space shuttle propulsion systems, aerostatics, and aerodynamics. 

21056 Particular Topics in Technology Applications 

These courses examine specific topics in technology applications other than those already 

described. 

21097 Technology—Independent Study 

Technology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore topics of interest related to technology systems and processes. Independent Study 

courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to 

explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

21098 Technology—Workplace Experience 

 Technology—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a field 

related to technological systems and structures. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, 

teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

21099 Technology—Other 

226
 
 

Drafting 

21101 Drafting Careers Exploration 

Geared for students with an interest in careers that use drafting skills and applications, Drafting 

Careers Exploration courses expose students to the opportunities available for draftspeople (engineering, 

architectural, industrial, and so on). These courses serve to introduce basic skills and the field in general, 

providing students with the opportunity to identify a focus for continued study or to determine that their 

interests lie elsewhere. 

21102 Drafting—General 

Drafting—General courses, usually offered as a sequence of courses, introduce students to the 

technical craft of drawing illustrations to represent and/or analyze design specifications and then refine 

the skills necessary for this craft. Drafting—General courses use exercises from a variety of applications 

to provide students with the knowledge and experience to develop the ability to perform freehand 

sketching, lettering, geometric construction, and multiview projections and to produce various types of 

drawings (working, detail, assembly, schematic, perspective, and so on). Computer-aided drafting 

(CAD) systems (if available) are typically introduced and used to fulfill course objectives. 

21103 Drafting—Architectural 

Drafting—Architectural courses introduce students to and help them refine the technical craft of 

drawing illustrations to represent and/or analyze design specifications, using examples drawn from 

architectural applications. These courses are intended to help students develop general drafting skills, 

but place a particular emphasis on interior and exterior residential (and light commercial) design, site 

orientation, floor plans, electrical plans, design sketches, and presentation drawings. In addition, 

students may prepare scale models. 

21104 Drafting—Civil/Structural 

 Drafting—Civil/Structural courses introduce students to and help them refine the technical craft 

of drawing illustrations to represent and/or analyze design specifications, using examples drawn from 

civil engineering and/or structural applications. These courses are intended to help students develop 

general drafting skills, but place a particular emphasis on skills needed for typography and survey work. 

21105 Drafting—Electrical/Electronic 

 Drafting—Electrical/Electronic courses introduce students to and help them refine the technical 

craft of drawing illustrations to represent and/or analyze design specifications, using examples drawn 

from electric and/or electronic fields. These courses are intended to help students develop general 

drafting skills, but place a particular emphasis on those skills needed for electrical and electronic 

schematics. 

227
 
 

21106 Drafting—Technical/Mechanical 

 Drafting—Technical/Mechanical courses introduce students to and help them refine the technical 

craft of drawing illustrations to represent and/or analyze design specifications, using examples drawn 

from industrial applications. These courses are intended to help students develop general drafting skills, 

but place a particular emphasis on sectioning, auxiliary views, revolutions, and surface development. In 

these courses, students typically learn basic machining and fabrication processes as they draw schematic 

diagrams featuring cams, gears, linkages, levers, pulleys, and so on. 

21107 CAD Design and Software 

Frequently offered as an intermediary step to more advanced drafting courses (or as a concurrent 

course), CAD Design and Software courses introduce students to the computer-aided drafting systems 

available in the industry. 

21108 Blueprint Reading 

Blueprint Reading courses provide students with the knowledge and ability to interpret the lines, 

symbols, and conventions of drafted blueprints. They generally emphasize interpreting, not producing, 

blueprints, although the courses may provide both types of experiences. Blueprint Reading courses 

typically use examples from a wide variety of industrial and technological applications. 

21147 Drafting—Independent Study 

 Drafting—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as mentors, enable 

students to explore drafting-related topics of interest. Independent Study courses may serve as an 

opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a particular application, to explore a topic in greater 

detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

21148 Drafting—Workplace Experience 

Drafting—Workplace Experience courses provide work experience in a field related to drafting. 

Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer (although students are not 

necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, involving further study of the 

field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the workplace. 

21149 Drafting—Other 

All Others 

21995 Engineering and Technology—Aide 

Engineering and Technology—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in 

preparing, organizing or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

228
 
 

21997 Engineering and Technology—Independent Study 

Engineering and Technology—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to engineering and/or technology. 

Independent Study courses may serve as an opportunity for students to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

21998 Engineering and Technology—Workplace Experience 

Engineering and Technology—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work 

experience in a field related to engineering or technology. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the 

student, teacher, and employer (although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include 

classroom activities as well, involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that 

students encounter in the workplace. 

21999 Engineering and Technology—Other 

229
 
 

Subject Area 22: Miscellaneous (secondary) 

Academic Enrichment 

22001 Standardized Test Preparation 

Standardized Test Preparation courses help prepare students for national standardized tests such 

as the PSAT, SAT, and ACT. In particular, these courses assist students in developing and/or expanding 

their vocabulary, test-taking, and reasoning skills through study, lecture, and practice drills. Course 

topics may include vocabulary review; root words, prefixes, and suffixes; mathematical concepts, logic, 

and rules; and general problem-solving and test-taking strategies. 

22002 State Test Preparation 

State Test Preparation courses prepare students for particular state tests required for graduation. 

These courses may cover specific content areas (such as citizenship, mathematics, language arts, and so 

on) according to individual student needs, or they may provide a more general course of study, similar 

to the Standardized Test Preparation course described above. 

22003 Study Skills 

Study Skills courses prepare students for success in high school and/or for postsecondary 

education. Course topics may vary according to the students involved, but typically include reading 

improvement skills, such as scanning, note-taking, and outlining; library and research skills; listening 

and note-taking; vocabulary skills; and test-taking skills. The courses may also include exercises 

designed to generate organized, logical thinking and writing. 

22004 Dropout Prevention Program 

Dropout Prevention Program courses vary widely, but typically are targeted at students who have 

been identified as being at risk of dropping out of or failing in school. Course content may include study 

skills and individual tutorials; job preparation, readiness, application, or interview skills; communication 

skills; personal assessment and awareness activities; speaker presentations; and small group seminars. 

22005 Tutorial 

Tutorial courses provide students with the assistance they need to successfully complete their 

coursework. Students may receive help in one or several subjects. 

22006 Study Hall 

Study Hall courses provide students with the opportunity and time to complete classroom 

assignments or school projects. Students typically work on their own, without the help of a tutor; 

however, they are supervised and usually remain in the classroom. 

230
 
 

Staff Assistance 

22051 Office Aide 

Office Aide courses provide students with the opportunity to work in campus offices, developing 

skills related to clerical office work. Duties may include typing, filing, record-keeping, receiving 

visitors, answering the telephone, and duplicating, among others. These courses emphasize appropriate 

work attitudes, human relations, and proper office procedures. 

22052 Guidance Aide 

Guidance Aide courses provide students with the opportunity to work in the campus guidance 

office. Duties may include typing, filing, record-keeping, assisting students, answering the telephone, 

and duplicating, among others. Students may also act as guides to new students. These courses 

emphasize appropriate work attitudes, human relations, and proper office procedures. 

22053 Library/AVC Aide 

Library/AVC Aide courses provide students with the opportunity to work in the library or in 

media and audiovisual centers. Duties may include collecting, distributing, and categorizing materials; 

operating audiovisual equipment; assisting students and teachers; and performing clerical duties. 

Students typically gain experience in library science and/or media and audiovisual technology. 

22054 Tutoring Practicum 

Tutoring Practicum courses provide students with the opportunity to offer tutorial assistance to 

their peers or to younger students. After an initial training period during which students learn how to 

work with other students and how to make use of the available resources (e.g., staff, written material, 

audiovisual aids, and so on), students engage in tutoring and assisting others who need or request help. 

School Organization/Leadership 

22101 Leadership 

Leadership courses are designed to strengthen students’ personal and group leadership skills. 

Typically intended for students involved in extracurricular activities (especially as officers of 

organizations or student governing bodies), these courses may cover such topics as public speaking, 

effective communication, human relations, parliamentary law and procedures, organization and 

management, and group dynamics. 

22102 School Orientation 

School Orientation courses provide students with an introduction to the culture of their school so 

that they understand staff expectations and the school’s structure and conventions. These courses may 

vary widely according to the philosophy, aims, and methods of each school. 

231
 
 

22103 School Governance 

School Governance courses convene students as an entire student body to discuss common 

concerns, organize groups for action, make decisions, and solve school-related problems. Because of the 

nature of these courses, they are typically offered at private, alternative, or experimental schools. 

22104 Community Service 

Community Service courses provide students with the opportunity to volunteer their time, 

energy, and talents to serve a community project or organization. These courses are usually (but not 

always) conducted with a seminar component, so that students can use their volunteer experiences to 

learn how to solve problems, make decisions, and communicate effectively. 

22105 Values Clarification 

Values Clarification courses enable students to explore individual and societal actions and 

implications in order to help them develop personal values and make decisions about their lives. 

Examples of discussion topics include philosophy and religion, world resource allocation, genetic 

engineering, environmental issues, and death-related issues (euthanasia, suicide, and abortion). 

22106 Seminar 

Seminar courses vary widely, but typically offer a small peer group the opportunity to 

investigate areas of interest. Course objectives may include improvement of research and investigatory 

skills, presentation skills, interpersonal skills, group process skills, and problem-solving and criticalthinking skills. Seminars aimed at juniors and seniors often include a college and career exploration and 

planning component. 

Career Exploration/Development 

22151 Career Exploration 

Career Exploration courses help students identify and evaluate personal goals, priorities, 

aptitudes, and interests with the goal of helping them make informed decisions about their careers. 

These courses expose students to various sources of information on career and training options and may 

also assist them in developing job search and employability skills. 

22152 Employability Skills 

Employability Skills courses help students match their interests and aptitudes to career options 

with a focus on using employment information effectively, acquiring and improving job-seeking and 

interview skills, composing job applications and resumes, and learning the skills needed to remain in 

and advance within the workplace. Course content may also include consumer education and personal 

money management topics. 

232
 
 

22153 Diversified Occupations 

Diversified Occupations courses help students enter the workforce through career exploration, 

job search and application, and the development of positive work attitudes and work-related skills. 

These courses typically cover such topics as career planning and selection, money management, 

communication skills, interpersonal business relationships and behaviors, and personal responsibility. 

Employment may be a required component of these courses, or students may be required to enroll 

concurrently in a work experience course. 

Family and Consumer Science 

22201 Family and Consumer Science—Comprehensive 

Family and Consumer Science—Comprehensive courses are inclusive studies of the knowledge 

and skills that are useful for the efficient and productive management of the home. Course topics 

typically include foods and nutrition; clothing; child development and care; housing design, decoration, 

and maintenance; consumer decisions and personal financial management; and interpersonal 

relationships. 

22202 Food and Nutrition 

Food and Nutrition courses provide students with an understanding of food’s role in society, 

instruction in how to plan and prepare meals, experience in the proper use of equipment and utensils, 

and background on the nutritional needs and requirements for healthy living. Some classes place a 

heavier emphasis on the nutritional components of a balanced diet, while others concentrate on specific 

types of food preparation. Although these courses may present career opportunities in the food service 

industry, their emphasis is not career-related. 

22203 Food Science 

Food Science courses offer opportunities to study the composition, structure, and properties of 

foods and the chemical changes that occur during the processing, storage, preparation, and consumption 

of food. These courses often explore the effects of various materials, microorganisms, and processes on 

food products through laboratory experiments. 

22204 Child Development/Parenting 

Child Development/Parenting courses provide students with knowledge about the physical, 

mental, emotional, and social growth and development of children from conception to pre-school age. In 

addition, these courses help students discover how parents should respond to the various stages of 

childhood. Course content typically includes topics such as prenatal and birth processes; responsibilities 

and difficulties of parenthood; fundamentals of children’s emotional and physical development; and the 

appropriate care of infants, toddlers, and young children. 

233
 
 

22205 Clothing/Sewing 

Clothing/Sewing courses introduce students to and expand their knowledge of various aspects of 

wearing apparel, sewing, and fashion. These courses typically include wardrobe planning; selection, 

care, and repair of various materials; and construction of one or more garments. They may also include 

related topics, such as fashion design, fashion history, the social and psychological aspects of clothing, 

careers in the clothing industry, and craft sewing. 

22206 Life Skills 

Life Skills courses provide students with information about a wide range of subjects to assist 

them in becoming wise consumers and productive adults. These courses often emphasize such topics as 

goal-setting, decision-making, and setting priorities; money and time management; relationships; and 

the development of the self. Practical exercises regarding selecting and furnishing houses, meeting 

transportation needs, preparing food, selecting clothing, and building a wardrobe are often integral to 

these classes. In addition, specific topics such as insurance, taxation, and consumer protection may also 

be covered. 

22207 Self-Management 

Self-Management courses introduce students to the skills and strategies helpful in becoming 

more focused, productive individuals. These courses typically emphasize goal-setting; decision-making; 

managing time, energy, and stress; and identifying alternatives and coping strategies. They may also 

allow students to explore various career and lifestyle choices. 

22208 Family Living 

Family Living courses emphasize building and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships 

among family members and other members of society. These courses often emphasize (but are not 

limited to) topics such as social/dating practices, human sexuality and reproduction, marriage 

preparation, parenthood and the function of the family unit, and the various stages of life. They may also 

cover topics related to individual self-development, career development, personal awareness, and 

preparation for the responsibilities of a family member and wage earner. 

22209 Personal Development 

Similar to Family Living courses, but more focused on the individual, Personal Development 

courses emphasize strengthening self-esteem, recognizing and resisting negative peer pressure, and 

developing coping skills for dealing with changes within one’s self and within others. These courses 

may also have a substance-abuse prevention component. 

22210 Consumer Economics/Personal Finance 

Consumer Economics/Personal Finance courses provide students with an understanding of the 

concepts and principles involved in managing one’s personal finances. Topics may include savings and 

investing, credit, insurance, taxes and social security, spending patterns and budget planning, contracts, 

and consumer protection. These courses may also provide an overview of the American economy. 

234
 
 

22211 Home Décor 

Home Décor courses provide students with knowledge and skills regarding interior design and 

decoration of the home for the individual or family. While exploring design principles, personal needs 

and style, and decision-making, students may have an opportunity to explore such topics as color, 

texture, furniture styles and arrangement, lighting, window treatments, floor and wall coverings, and 

home improvement/modification. These courses emphasize personal (rather than commercial) use and 

application of home décor principles. 

22245 Family and Consumer Science—Aide 

Family and Consumer Science—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors 

in preparing, organizing or delivering course curricula. Students may provide tutorial or instructional 

assistance to other students. 

22247 Family and Consumer Science—Independent Study 

Family and Consumer Science—Independent Study courses, often conducted with instructors as 

mentors, enable students to explore topics of interest related to home- and self-management. 

Independent Study courses may provide students with an opportunity to expand their expertise in a 

particular application, to explore a topic in greater detail, or to develop more advanced skills. 

22249 Family and Consumer Science—Other 

Support Services 

22251 Community Living 

Community Living courses place a special emphasis on the student’s relationship to the 

surrounding community. Instruction varies with the students and their needs; however, these courses 

provide the skills necessary for independent functioning within the surrounding environment. Course 

topics may also include available community resources and how to access them, emergency skills, and 

independent living strategies. 

22252 Communication Instruction 

Communication Instruction courses are typically individualized according to each student’s 

condition and needs. Increasing the student’s communication skills—oral expression, listening 

comprehension, reading, and writing—is emphasized; communication techniques in several areas 

(educational, social, and vocational) are often explored. 

22253 Social Development Instruction 

Social Development Instruction courses teach students the social skills needed for independent 

functioning within the community. Topics may include self-control, self-expression, obeying rules, 

decision-making, appropriate situational behavior, interacting with others, and maintaining 

relationships. Students may develop independence, self-confidence, and self-reliance. 

235
 
 

22254 Developmental Support 

Developmental Support courses are customized according to each student’s condition and needs, 

emphasizing an increase in skill or control of body and mind function. Examples of support may include 

refinement of gross and fine motor skills, development of visual perception, and improvement in eyehand coordination. 

All Others 

22995 Miscellaneous—Aide 

Miscellaneous—Aide courses offer students the opportunity to assist instructors in preparing, 

organizing, or delivering course curricula or to assist other staff members in fulfilling their duties. 

Students may provide tutorial or instructional assistance to other students. 

Note: if the particular subject area is known, use the code associated with the Aide course within that 

subject area. 

22997 Miscellaneous—Independent Study 

Miscellaneous—Independent Study courses, typically organized as a mentorship with a teacher 

or outside professional, enable students to conduct investigations related to their field(s) of interest. 

Note: if the particular subject area is known, use the code associated with the Independent Study course 

within that subject area. 

22998 Miscellaneous—Workplace Experience 

Miscellaneous—Workplace Experience courses provide students with work experience in a field 

related to their interests. Goals are typically set cooperatively by the student, teacher, and employer 

(although students are not necessarily paid). These courses may include classroom activities as well, 

involving further study of the field or discussion regarding experiences that students encounter in the 

workplace. 

Note: if the particular subject area is known, use the code associated with the Workplace Experience 

course within that subject area. 

22999 Miscellaneous—Other 

236
 
 

Appendix A. Development of SCED 

Systemic Differences in Course Classification Systems 

As noted above, the SCED framework draws on the two existing course classification systems supported 

by NCES. Examining those systems and the declared needs and concerns of different users led to a 

number of questions (and resulting assumptions and implications) about how the new system might 

function and be maintained. This appendix reviews these factors. 

The CSSC and the SNCCS were created for different purposes; because of this, each has certain 

advantages and disadvantages. NCES developed the CSSC in 1982 to classify courses taken by students 

participating in the High School and Beyond (HS&B) Longitudinal Study, and has used it for major 

national transcript studies since then. The CSSC provides six-digit codes for approximately 2,200 

secondary school courses (and about 60 7th- and 8th-grade courses). Because the framework is based on 

the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP),5

 it retains the vestiges of an organization reflecting 

postsecondary programs of study. Thus, there is often more distinction or separation than might be 

warranted for secondary studies (e.g., Experimental Psychology in addition to, and separate from, 

Clinical Psychology). The first four digits of CSSC codes conform to CIP categories and subcategories, 

leaving the last two digits to specify particular secondary courses. The CIP categories and subcategories 

provide a description of the program areas, while each individual course code is accompanied by 

descriptive phrases that indicate course content. Indications of the level of the course and sequencing are 

sometimes nonexistent or inflexible. 

NCES developed the SNCCS in 1995 to support the electronic exchange of student transcripts. The 

SNCCS is included in the SPEEDE/ExPRESS transcript standards, which were maintained by the Data 

Interchange Standards Association and accepted by the American National Standards Institute. The 

SNCCS coding structure, which consists of 13 digits, includes descriptions of roughly 600 courses 

attached to the first four digits of the code, with the first two digits signifying a major category or 

subject area and the next two specifying a particular course within the category. The use of four 

additional “common” fields—to indicate course level, credit available, and course sequencing (term and 

year)—increases the number of courses included in the system exponentially. The meaning of the 

remaining three subject area option fields varies by subject area. The SNCCS can be unwieldy to use, 

and the three “subject area fields” are too specific to apply across all instances of a described course 

within a school or district. 

Exhibit A-1 summarizes the major characteristics of these two systems. 

 

5

 Due to the 2000 updating of the CIP, some connections between the CSSC and CIP have been lost. 

237
 
 

 

Exhibit A-1. Major characteristics of the Classification of Secondary School Courses (CSSC) and 

the Pilot Standard National Course Classification System for Secondary Education (SNCCS) 

CSSC SNCCS
 

Origin 1982 1995 

Purpose transcript studies: 

to systematically code courses 

taken by students sampled for 

national transcript studies 

conducted as part of longitudinal 

surveys and National Assessment 

of Educational Progress (NAEP) 

testing programs 

electronic transmission: 

to enable the electronic transfer of 

student coursetaking data between 

districts and schools through 

SPEEDE/ExPRESS 

Structure CIP-based department-based 

Updates Revisions are made as part of each 

transcript collection by the firm or 

office coding the transcripts, 

roughly every two years. 

The pilot system has not been 

updated since its conception. 

Categories 54 29 

Description of 

categories 

Descriptions come from the CIP 

and pertain to both major and 

minor categories; however, not 

every category has a description. 

Brief descriptions exist for the 

major categories (i.e., the 29 subject 

areas). Defined subcategories do not 

exist in the SNCCS. 

Coding of courses 6 digits/3 elements 13 digits/9 elements 

Course description Accomplished through the 

category and subcategory 

descriptions, as well as the phrases 

included with each code. 

Accomplished through the subject 

area description, as well as the 

individual course descriptions. 

Courses may be further described 

with the option elements (three 

fields that vary based on subject 

area). 

Indication of course 

level 

uneven expansive 

Credit available not indicated (typically) indicated 

Course sequencing uneven/inflexible available 

238
 
 

 

 

Projecting the use of course classification systems 

As initial conversations with potential users wound down, and as decisions regarding the system became 

more concrete, the developers searched the Internet to determine how many states had already created 

statewide course classification systems, and what structures they were using as the basis for those 

systems. At the time of this search, in early 2004, roughly half of the states had, or were implementing, a 

course classification system, a few of which included only career/technical education (designed for 

Perkins accountability programs). Of the 27 state systems in place, 17 were based on state-developed 

coding structures, eight used the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) coding structure, and the 

remaining two were based on the SNCCS6

. 

If the results of this research are any indication of the degree to which states maintain standard course 

classification systems, using the SCED will be a new endeavor for many states. However, growing 

national and state interest in building longitudinal databases that can measure the added value of 

education over time, as well as the accountability requirements of No Child Left Behind, suggest that 

SCED will be a useful tool for state and local education agencies. SCED will also be useful when school 

districts exchange transcript information electronically. On receipt of an electronic transcript, the course 

coding structure combined with course descriptions enable new students to be placed in appropriate 

classes with no delay. 

Identifying the Requirements for a Course Classification System 

Developing the SCED classification structure involved comparing and cross walking the SNCCS and 

CSSC systems, talking to representative users, and developing and testing ideas. The crosswalk exercise 

highlighted desirable features of the CSSC and the SNCCS as well as flaws, inconsistencies, and 

apparent inadequacies that needed to be addressed within the SCED. Numerous conversations with 

different types of users reinforced those lessons and clarified the following points. 

 Any course coding system must be flexible enough to meet the varying needs of local school 

systems. 

 It is a major undertaking for any school (or any other agency) to change student data systems. 

 The new course coding system needs to be cross-walked to the CSSC so that trend data can be 

maintained. 

 There must be a process to coordinate and manage continuous input and change nonstandard 

coursework (for example, private education, magnet and charter school offerings, and 

educational institutions that do not base their systems on credit-bearing coursework). 

During the discussions with users, it became clear that the SNCCS subject area fields (those with 

definitions that varied by subject area) were burdensome to use, while the CSSC included too many 

courses, and in many cases, too little distinction between them for use by school districts or state 

departments of education. A comparison of SNCCS and CCSSC provided insight on how to create a 

comprehensive and effective common course classification system and magnified five topics to address 

in developing the SCED system: 

6

 This number may underestimate the extent of classification systems. Some existing classification systems might not have 

been accessible through public state education agency websites. 

239
 
 

standardization of codes across subject areas; 

issues involving special education offerings; 

modifications/additions to SNCCS subject areas as they are incorporated into the SCED; 

the need for curriculum expertise to ensure appropriate courses are included; and 

miscellaneous issues pertaining to specific subject areas. 

Development of the SCED Classification Structure 

The major sources for the development of SCED were analyses of school districts’ course catalogs; 

interviews with individuals who worked with course classification systems; and small group meetings to 

discuss and revise the work as it progressed. 

Participation by User Communities 

In late winter of 2003–04 consultants met with persons who were actively engaged in using or 

developing secondary course classification systems (see exhibit A-2). These advisors represented state 

education agencies, school districts, the US Department of Education, postsecondary groups, and 

education research enterprises. 

The project began with a review of existing perceptions about the need for a course code taxonomy with 

accompanying course descriptions. 

Testing the Framework 

The review of the framework was an iterative process, conducted throughout the development of the 

SCED. At the outset of the work, an External Review Committee was convened. During 2004 and 2005 

versions of this proposal were presented to attendees of sessions at NCES Data Conferences; to the 

Technology Committee of the National Forum on Education Statistics; and to the Student Information 

Systems Work Group of the Schools Interoperability Framework Association. Comments received from 

these groups were generally positive, and their suggestions were incorporated into the system.7

 In 

addition, all those who had been interviewed during the early months of the project were provided with 

an invitation to comment. The comments received were supportive and suggested no substantive 

changes to the framework. In November 2005, the External Review Committee met again to review the 

SCED framework. 

7

 A number of factors of interest—some mentioned in the report and some suggested by reviewers or meeting participants— 

have been suggested as additional elements or entities to be added to the Handbooks Online at a later point in time. These 

items relate to course offerings, but will not be considered part of the SCED course code itself. Examples include language of 

instruction and delivery method (e.g., delivered via distance education or at a postsecondary institution). 

 240
 










 

Source of Course Descriptions 

The identified courses and their descriptions were drawn from three major sources. The first source was 

existing descriptions from the CSSC or Pilot SNCCS, although some of these descriptions needed to be 

expanded or otherwise revised. The professional standards set by some education groups were the 

second source of courses. In particular, the courses and accompanying descriptions for 

vocational/technical areas follow the career clusters endorsed by the National Association of State 

Directors of Career Technical Education Consortium, while the College Board defined Advanced 

Placement courses and the International Baccalaureate Organization defined those for International 

Baccalaureate credit. 

Finally, many courses and definitions came from a review of existing course catalogs. In addition to 

catalogs previously collected by the contractor, MPR Associates, 25 course catalogs from states and 

districts of diverse sizes were provided by members of the National Forum on Education Statistics. Staff 

of MPR and of the Education Statistics Services Institute then conducted a review of these catalogs to 

identify courses that needed to be added to the subject areas. 

After the subject areas were defined and course descriptions applied, the External Review Committee, 

all members of the National Forum on Education Statistics, and nine additional educators were asked to 

review the courses and course descriptions. The comments received were supportive of the overall 

structure. There were recommendations to add, redefine, or remove specific courses. Where necessary, 

reviewers were contacted to make sure their comments were interpreted correctly. 

Exhibit A-2. Developing the classification structure for School Codes for the Exchange of Data 

(SCED): Interviews, meetings, and presentations 

Date Telephone Interviewees 

Nov 2003 Lee Tack, Iowa Department of ED 

Cliff Adelman 

Barbara Andrepont 

Jeff Owings, NCES 

Steve Ingels, RTI, and Leslie Scott, AIR 

Dec 2003 Raymond Yeagley, Superintendent, Rochester, New Hampshire 

Janis Brown, NCES, Shep Roey, and Rob Perkins, WESTAT 

Nancy Adelman and Karen Mitchell, SRI 

Lee Tack and staff of Project EASIER, Iowa Department of Education 

Eileen Wetzel, NCAA Initial Eligibility Clearinghouse 

Jan 2004 Charles Masten, University of California Office of the President 

Rupa Datta, NORC 

Myrna Holgate, Mark Kuskie, and Greg Berg, Idaho Department of Education 

241
 
 

 

Meetings and presentations 

Date Activity Purpose Participants 

Dec 2003 Meetings in Des 

Moines, Iowa 

Review SNCCS implementation of Iowa 

Department of Ed. and meet with NCAA 

personnel to see how they use high school 

transcripts. 

Lee Tack and Colleen 

McClanahan, Iowa Dept. 

of Ed. and Eileen Wetzel, 

NCAA. 

Feb 2004 Presentation and 

discussion in 

Norfolk, VA 

 TECH Committee of 

NCES Forum 

 Presentation and 

discussion in 

Norfolk, VA 

SIS Workgroup of the 

School Interoperability 

Framework Association

 Presentation in 

Norfolk, VA 

Session I-B at the MIS 

Data Conference 

 Meeting in Norfolk, 

VA 

Discussion of proposed uses of a course 

code taxonomy 

Barbara Clements, ESP 

Solutions Group 

March 

2004 

Meeting in 

Portland, OR 

Discussing how the Draft SNNCS was 

being used and reviewed the proposed 

course coding structure 

Portland, OR area Dept. of 

Education personnel 

July 2004 Presentation in 

Washington, DC 

 TECH Committee of 

Forum 

Oct/Nov 

2004 

Telephone 

discussion 

Discussion of pending review group 

meeting and comments 

Shep Roey, Rob Perkins, 

and Stan Legum 

The project continued to involve the education community by requesting input on the proposed course 

coding structure. During this phase of the project, Subject Areas were defined and course catalogs were 

reviewed to determine courses and descriptions. These meetings were held throughout the first half of 

2005. Exhibit A-3 presents the schedule and major purpose of each meeting. 

242
 
 

 

Exhibit A-3. Developing the content for School Codes for the Exchange of Data (SCED): Meetings 

and presentations 

Date Activity Purpose Participants 

Jan 2005 External Review 

Panel in 

Washington, DC 

Examine the proposed course coding 

structure and explore issues relating to the 

development of the SCED. 

—Determine if the logic behind the coding 

structure is valid. 

—Ensure that the audiences for the 

proposed system have been identified 

correctly. 

(See Acknowledgments 

for the list of 

participants.) 

Feb 2005 Presentation in 

New Orleans, LA 

Present the course code structure and 

request feedback to assist MPR in 

determining the viability of the proposed 

system. (Phase I complete.) 

MIS Conference session 

attendees 

Feb 2005 Presentation and 

discussion in New 

Orleans, LA 

Present the course code structure and 

request feedback to assist MPR in 

determining the viability of the proposed 

system. 

Forum TECH 

Committee members 

Feb 2005 Meeting in New 

Orleans, LA 

Discussion of how the proposed course 

code structure can be integrated into SIF. 

SIFA Workgroup 

members 

Feb 2005 Meeting in New 

Orleans, LA 

Discussion of the relationship of course 

code project to the NCES Online 

Handbook. 

Deborah Newby and 

Tara McLarnon, 

CCSSO 

Mar 2005 Listserv Message Course catalogs requested from states and 

districts. 

Forum members 

July 2005 Presentation in 

Washington, DC 

Update group on progress, requesting 

feedback. 

Forum members 

July 2005 Presentation in 

Washington, DC 

Update on progress of SCED. NCES Summer Data 

Conference attendees 

After the taxonomy and sample course codes and descriptions were written, they were subjected to 

review by potential users. Specialists from districts and states reviewed courses and course descriptions 

within specific subject areas to determine if the course lists were complete and the descriptions 

appropriate. These reviews and interviews were conducted as prelude to the External Review Panel 

meeting in November 2005. The process is outlined in exhibit A-4. 

243 
 

 

Exhibit A-4. Course and course description reviews for School Codes for the Exchange of Data 

(SCED) 

Review of draft SCED 

Date Reviewers 

Aug/Sept 

2005 

John Kennedy, Maine 

Coleen McClanahan, Iowa 

Nancy Beben, Louisiana 

W. Tad Johnston, Maine 

Willie Stroble, Virginia 

Debra Sullivan, West Virginia 

Brenda Turner, Arkansas 

Vickie Scow, Nebraska 

Julane Hill, Nebraska 

Bonnie Sibert, Nebraska 

Telephone interviews 

Date Interviewees 

Oct 2005 Debra Sullivan, West Virginia 

Howard Woodard 

Helene Douglass, Oregon 

Judi Barnett and Todd Roney, SIFA 

Lee Tack and Colleen McClanahan 

David Grantz, Delaware 

Lois Williams, Virginia 

Carmen Jordan, Arkansas 

Gwyn Tracy (referred by Sonya Edwards), CA Dept. of Ed. 

Alex Jackl, ESP Solutions Group 

Dec 2005 David Carpenter, Executive Director for Elementary Operations, Houston County, GA 

Carl Scheff, California Department of Education 

244
 
 

 

External review panel and subsequent meetings and interviews 

Date Activity Purpose Participants 

Nov 2005 External Review 

Panel in 

Washington, DC 

The External Review Panel of educators and 

researchers convened to review the SCED 

system development to date. The meeting’s 

objectives included gathering input from 

attendees about several issues raised by 

reviewers of the secondary component of 

the SCED and reviewing and assessing 

several possibilities for adding intermediate 

and elementary courses to the system 

(See Acknowledgments 

in this report for list of 

participants.) 

Feb 2006 Presentation Review of proposed taxonomy as refined by 

prior interviews and meetings. 

Forum TECH and 

NESAC Forum 

Committees 

Feb 2006 Presentation Review of proposed taxonomy as refined by 

prior interviews and meetings. 

MIS Conference Session 

Apr 2006 Forum Review Subject Areas, Courses and Course 

Descriptions were posted for comment on 

the Forum website. 

General 

May 

2006 

Request through 

email 

External Review Group members were sent 

subject areas and course descriptions for 

their review and comment 

External Review Group 

June 

2006 

Review by NCES NCES Staff 

July 2006 Review by 

practitioners 

Selected practitioners were asked to conduct 

a final review. 

Colleen McClanahan 

Helene Douglass 

Judi Barnett 

Testing the Course Descriptions 

The individual course descriptions in SCED cannot reflect the detail about content, objectives, and 

instruction for a course taught in a particular classroom. However, the course descriptions do make it 

possible, according to users of the SNNCS, for districts to send course codes to another district or to a 

state department of education and for those departments to understand what courses a student has taken. 

Reviewing course information is an interpretive process, at best. Through the SCED it will be possible 

to place transferring students into appropriate classes without having to make the back-and-forth phone 

calls or provide labor intensive handling of paper transcripts for each incoming or outgoing student. 

245
 
 

As the system is used by practitioners and course information modified through the NCES process for 

Handbooks Online, course descriptions will become refined and will be of more use to people who 

conduct transcript examinations for research. Even then, as now, some degree of professional 

interpretation will still be needed. 

246
 
 

Appendix B. List of SCED Course Titles, in numeric order 

English Language and Literature (secondary) 

English/Language Arts I (9th grade) 01001 

English/Language Arts II (10th grade) 01002 

English/Language Arts III (11th grade) 01003 

English/Language Arts IV (12th grade) 01004 

AP English Language and Composition 01005 

AP English Literature and Composition 01006 

IB Language A (English) 01007 

English as a Second Language 01008 

Language Arts Laboratory 01009 

English/Literature (freshmen and sophomores) 01051 

English/Literature (juniors and seniors) 01052 

Literature 01053

American Literature 01054 

American Literature/History 01055 

British Literature 01056 

British Literature/History 01057 

World Literature 01058 

Biblical Literature 01059 

Literature of an Author 01060 

Literature of a Genre 01061 

Literature of a Period 01062 

Literature of a Place 01063 

Literature of a People 01064 

Literature of a Theme 01065 

Strategic Reading 01066 

Assisted Reading 01067 

Corrective Reading 01068 

Literature—Independent Study 01097 

Literature—Workplace Experience 01098 

Literature—Other 01099

English/Composition (freshmen and sophomores) 01101 

English/Composition (juniors and seniors) 01102 

Composition 01103

Creative Writing 01104 

Research/Technical Writing 01105 

Composition—Independent Study 01147 

Composition—Workplace Experience 01148 

Composition—Other 01149

Public Speaking 01151 

247
 
 

Forensic Speech—Inclusive 01152 

Forensic Speech—Debate 01153 

Forensic Speech—Individual Event 01154 

Communications 01155 

Applied English and Communications 01156 

Speech—Independent Study 01197 

Speech—Workplace Experience 01198 

Speech—Other 01199 

English Morphology and Grammar 01201 

History of the English Language 01202 

English—Test Preparation 01203 

English Proficiency Development 01992 

English Language and Literature—Aide 01995 

English Language and Literature—Independent Study 01997 

English Language and Literature—Workplace Experience 01998 

English Language and Literature—Other 01999 

Mathematics 

Informal Mathematics 02001 

General Math 02002 

Particular Topics in Foundation Math 02003 

Foundation Math—Independent Study 02047 

Foundation Math—Other 02049 

Pre-Algebra 02051 

Algebra I 02052 

Algebra I—Part 1 02053 

Algebra I—Part 2 02054 

Transition Algebra 02055 

Algebra II 02056 

Algebra III 02057 

Particular Topics in Algebra 02058 

Integrated Math—multi-year equivalent 02061 

Algebra—Other 02069 

Informal Geometry 02071 

Geometry 02072 

Analytic Geometry 02073 

Principles of Algebra and Geometry 02074 

Particular Topics in Geometry 02075 

Geometry—Other 02079 

Number Theory 02101 

Discrete Mathematics 02102 

248
 
 

Trigonometry 02103 

Math Analysis 02104 

Trigonometry/Math Analysis 02105 

Trigonometry/Algebra 02106 

Trigonometry/Analytic Geometry 02107 

Math Analysis/Analytic Geometry 02108 

Elementary Functions 02109 

Pre-Calculus 02110 

Linear Algebra 02111 

Linear Programming 02112 

Abstract Algebra 02113 

Calculus 02121 

Multivariate Calculus 02122 

Differential Calculus 02123 

AP Calculus AB 02124 

AP Calculus BC 02125 

Particular Topics in Calculus 02126 

IB Mathematical Studies 02131 

IB Mathematics 02132 

IB Mathematics and Computing—SL 02133 

IB Further Mathematics—SL 02134 

Particular Topics in Analytic Mathematics 02141 

Analytic Mathematics—Other 02149 

General Applied Math 02151 

Occupationally Applied Math 02152 

Technical Math 02153 

Business Math 02154 

Business Math with Algebra 02155 

Computer Math with Algebra 02156 

Consumer Math 02157 

Probability and Statistics 02201 

Inferential Probability and Statistics 02202 

AP Statistics 02203 

Particular Topics in Probability and Statistics 02204 

Probability and Statistics—Independent Study 02207 

Probability and Statistics—Other 02209 

History of Math 02991 

Mathematics—Test Preparation 02993 

Mathematics Proficiency Development 02994 

Mathematics—Aide 02995 

Mathematics—Independent Study 02997 

Mathematics—Workplace Experience 02998 

Mathematics—Other 02999 

249
 
 

Life and Physical Sciences 

Earth Science 03001 

Geology 03002 

Environmental Science 03003 

Astronomy 03004 

Marine Science 03005 

Meteorology 03006 

Physical Geography 03007 

Earth and Space Science 03008 

Earth Science—Independent Study 03047 

Earth Science—Workplace Experience 03048 

Earth Science—Other 03049 

Biology 03051 

Biology—Advanced Studies 03052 

Anatomy and Physiology 03053 

Anatomy 03054 

Physiology 03055 

AP Biology 03056 

IB Biology 03057 

Botany 03058 

Genetics 03059 

Microbiology 03060 

Zoology 03061 

Conceptual Biology 03062 

Particular Topics in Biology 03063 

Biology—Independent Study 03097 

Biology—Workplace Experience 03098 

Biology—Other 03099 

Chemistry 03101 

Chemistry—Advanced Studies 03102 

Organic Chemistry 03103 

Physical Chemistry 03104 

Conceptual Chemistry 03105 

AP Chemistry 03106 

IB Chemistry 03107 

Particular Topics in Chemistry 03108 

Chemistry—Independent Study 03147 

Chemistry—Workplace Experience 03148 

Chemistry—Other 03149 

Physics 03151 

Physics—Advanced Studies 03152 

Principles of Technology 03153 

AP Physics B 03155 

250
 
 

AP Physics C 03156 

IB Physics 03157 

Physical Science 03159 

IB Physical Science 03160 

Conceptual Physics 03161 

Particular Topics in Physics 03162 

Physics—Independent Study 03197 

Physics—Workplace Experience 03198 

Physics—Other 03199 

Integrated Science 03201 

Unified Science 03202 

Applied Biology/Chemistry 03203 

Technological Inquiry 03204 

Origins of Science 03205 

IB Design Technology 03206 

AP Environmental Science 03207 

IB Environmental Science 03208 

Aerospace 03209 

Science, Technology and Society 03210 

Technical Science 03211 

Scientific Research and Design 03212 

Life and Physical Sciences—Proficiency Development 03994 

Life and Physical Sciences—Aide 03995 

Life and Physical Sciences—Independent Study 03997 

Life and Physical Sciences—Workplace Experience 03998 

Life and Physical Sciences—Other 03999 

Social Sciences 

World Geography 04001 

Particular Topics in Geography 04002 

IB Geography 04003 

AP Human Geography 04004 

Geography—Independent Study 04047 

Geography—Workplace Experience 04048 

Geography—Other 04049 

World History—Overview 04051 

World History and Geography 04052 

Modern World History 04053 

IB History 04054 

Modern European History 04055 

AP European History 04056 

AP World History 04057 

251
 
 

Ancient Civilizations 04058 

Medieval European History 04059 

Ancient and Medieval History 04060 

World Area Studies 04061 

World People Studies 04062 

Western Civilization 04063 

Contemporary World Issues 04064 

Particular Topics in World History 04065 

IB Islamic History 04066 

World History—Independent Study 04097 

World History—Workplace Experience 04098 

World History—Other 04099 

U.S. History—Comprehensive 04101 

Early U.S. History 04102 

Modern U.S. History 04103 

AP U.S. History 04104 

State-Specific Studies 04105 

Contemporary U.S. Issues 04106 

U.S. Ethnic Studies 04107 

U.S. Gender Studies 04108 

Particular Topics in U.S. History 04109 

U.S. History—Independent Study 04147 

U.S. History—Workplace Experience 04148 

U.S. History—Other 04149 

U.S. Government—Comprehensive 04151 

Particular Topics in U.S. Government 04152 

Political Science 04153 

Comparative Government 04154 

International Relations 04155 

United States and World Affairs 04156 

AP U.S. Government and Politics 04157 

AP Comparative Government and Politics 04158 

AP Government 04159 

Principles of Democracy 04160 

Civics 04161

Law Studies 04162 

Consumer Law 04163 

Business Law 04164 

Legal System 04165 

Particular Topics in Law 04166 

Government, Politics and Law—Independent Study 04197 

Government, Politics and Law—Workplace Experience 04198 

Government, Politics and Law—Other 04199 

252
 
 

Economics 04201 

Comparative Economics 04202 

AP Microeconomics 04203 

AP Macroeconomics 04204 

AP Economics 04205 

IB Economics 04206 

Particular Topics in Economics 04207 

Economics—Independent Study 04247 

Economics—Workplace Experience 04248 

Economics—Other 04249 

Anthropology 04251 

Particular Topics in Anthropology 04252 

IB Social Anthropology 04253 

Psychology 04254 

Particular Topics in Psychology 04255 

AP Psychology 04256 

IB Psychology 04257 

Sociology 04258 

Particular Topics in Sociology 04259 

Social Science 04260 

Social Science Research 04261 

IB Organization Studies 04262 

Social Sciences—Independent Study 04297 

Social Sciences—Workplace Experience 04298 

Social Sciences—Other 04299 

Humanities Survey 04301 

Humanities 04302 

Issues of Western Humanities 04303 

IB Theory of Knowledge 04304 

Social Studies 04305 

Philosophy 04306 

Particular Topics in Philosophy 04307 

Modern Intellectual History 04308 

IB Philosophy 04309 

Particular Topics in Humanities 04310 

Humanities—Independent Study 04347 

Humanities—Workplace Experience 04348 

Humanities—Other 04349 

Social Sciences and History—Proficiency Development 04994 

Social Sciences and History—Aide 04995 

Social Sciences and History—Independent Study 04997 

Social Sciences and History—Workplace Experience 04998 

Social Sciences and History—Other 04999 

253
 
 

Fine and Performing Arts 

Dance Technique 05001 

Dance Repertory 05002 

Expressive Movement 05003 

Dance Appreciation 05004 

Choreography 05005 

Dance—Independent Study 05047 

Dance—Workplace Experience 05048 

Dance—Other 05049 

Introduction to the Theater 05051 

Theatre Arts 05052 

Drama—Comprehensive 05053 

Exploration in Drama 05054 

Drama—Acting/Performance 05055 

Drama—Stagecraft 05056 

Directing 05057 

Playwriting 05058 

History and Literature of the Theater 05059 

Drama—Independent Study 05097 

Drama—Workplace Experience 05098 

Drama—Other 05099 

General Band 05101 

Concert Band 05102 

Marching Band 05103 

Orchestra 05104 

Contemporary Band 05105 

Instrumental Ensembles 05106 

Piano 05107 

Guitar 05108 

Individual Technique—Instrumental Music 05109 

Chorus 05110 

Vocal Ensembles 05111 

Individual Technique—Vocal Music 05112 

Music Theory 05113 

AP Music Theory 05114 

IB Music 05115 

Music History/Appreciation 05116 

Music History 05117 

Music Appreciation 05118 

Composition/Songwriting 05119 

Music—Independent Study 05147 

Music—Workplace Experience 05148 

Music—Other 05149 

254
 
 

Art Appreciation 05151 

Art History 05152 

AP Art—History of Art 05153 

Creative Art—Comprehensive 05154 

Creative Art—Drawing/Painting 05155 

Creative Art—Drawing 05156 

Creative Art—Painting 05157 

Creative Art—Sculpture 05158 

Ceramics/Pottery 05159 

Printmaking/Graphics 05160 

Printmaking 05161 

Graphic Design 05162 

Advertising Design 05163 

Textiles 05164 

Crafts 05165 

Jewelry 05166 

Photography 05167 

Film/Videotape 05168 

Computer-Assisted Art 05169 

Art Portfolio 05170 

AP Studio Art—General Portfolio 05171 

AP Studio Art—Drawing Portfolio 05172 

IB Art/Design 05173 

Visual Arts—Independent Study 05197 

Visual Arts—Workplace Experience 05198 

Visual Arts—Other 05199 

Integrated Fine Arts 05201 

Fine and Performing Art—Aide 05995 

Fine and Performing Art—Independent Study 05997 

Fine and Performing Art—Workplace Experience 05998 

Fine and Performing Art—Other 05999 

Foreign Language and Literature 

Spanish I 06101 

Spanish II 06102 

Spanish III 06103 

Spanish IV 06104 

Spanish V 06105 

Spanish for Native Speakers 06106 

Spanish Field Experience 06107 

Spanish Conversation and Culture 06108 

Spanish Literature 06109 

IB Language A (non-English)—Spanish 06110 

255
 
 

IB Language B—Spanish 06111 

AP Spanish Language 06112 

AP Spanish Literature 06113 

French I 06121 

French II 06122 

French III 06123 

French IV 06124 

French V 06125 

French for Native Speakers 06126 

French Field Experience 06127 

French Conversation and Culture 06128 

French Literature 06129 

IB Language A (non-English)—French 06130 

IB Language B—French 06131 

AP French Language 06132 

AP French Literature 06133 

Italian I 06141 

Italian II 06142 

Italian III 06143 

Italian IV 06144 

Italian V 06145 

Italian for Native Speakers 06146 

Italian Field Experience 06147 

Italian Conversation and Culture 06148 

Italian Literature 06149 

IB Language A (non-English)—Italian 06150 

IB Language B—Italian 06151 

Portuguese I 06161 

Portuguese II 06162 

Portuguese III 06163 

Portuguese IV 06164 

Portuguese V 06165 

Portuguese for Native Speakers 06166 

Portuguese Field Experience 06167 

Portuguese Conversation and Culture 06168 

Portuguese Literature 06169 

IB Language A (non-English)—Portuguese 06170 

IB Language B—Portuguese 06171 

Romance/Italic Language I 06181 

Romance/Italic Language II 06182 

Romance/Italic Language III 06183 

Romance/Italic Language IV 06184 

Romance/Italic Language V 06185 

Romance/Italic Language for Native Speakers 06186 

Romance/Italic Language Field Experience 06187 

Romance/Italic Language Conversation and Culture 06188 

256
 
 

Romance/Italic Literature 06189 

IB Language A (non-English)—Romance/Italic Language 06190 

IB Language B—Romance/Italic Language 06191 

Romance/Italic Language—Other 06199 

German I 06201 

German II 06202 

German III 06203 

German IV 06204 

German V 06205 

German for Native Speakers 06206 

German Field Experience 06207 

German Conversation and Culture 06208 

German Literature 06209 

IB Language A (non-English)—German 06210 

IB Language B—German 06211 

AP German Language 06212 

Germanic Language I 06241 

Germanic Language II 06242 

Germanic Language III 06243 

Germanic Language IV 06244 

Germanic Language V 06245 

Germanic Language for Native Speakers 06246 

Germanic Language Field Experience 06247 

Germanic Language Conversation and Culture 06248 

Germanic Literature 06249 

IB Language A (non-English)—Germanic Language 06250 

IB Language B—Germanic Language 06251 

Germanic Language—Other 06259 

Celtic Language I 06261 

Celtic Language II 06262 

Celtic Language III 06263 

Celtic Language IV 06264 

Celtic Language V 06265 

Celtic Language for Native Speakers 06266 

Celtic Language Field Experience 06267 

Celtic Language Conversation and Culture 06268 

Celtic Literature 06269 

IB Language A (non-English)—Celtic Language 06270 

IB Language B—Celtic Language 06271 

Celtic Language—Other 06279 

Greek I 06281 

Greek II 06282 

Greek III 06283 

257
 
Greek IV 06284 

Greek V 06285 

Greek for Native Speakers 06286 

Greek Field Experience 06287 

Greek Conversation and Culture 06288 

Greek Literature 06289 

IB Language A (non-English)—Greek 06290 

IB Language B—Greek 06291 

Greek—Other 06299

Latin I 06301 

Latin II 06302 

Latin III 06303 

Latin IV 06304 

Latin V 06305 

IB Classical Languages—Latin 06311 

AP Latin (Virgil, Catullus and Horace) 06313 

Classical Greek I 06321 

Classical Greek II 06322 

Classical Greek III 06323 

Classical Greek IV 06324 

Classical Greek V 06325 

IB Classical Languages—Greek 06331 

Classical Languages—Other 06359 

Chinese I 06401 

Chinese II 06402 

Chinese III 06403 

Chinese IV 06404 

Chinese V 06405 

Chinese for Native Speakers 06406 

Chinese Field Experience 06407 

Chinese Conversation and Culture 06408 

Chinese Literature 06409 

IB Language A (non-English)—Chinese 06410 

IB Language B—Chinese 06411 

Japanese I 06421 

Japanese II 06422 

Japanese III 06423 

Japanese IV 06424 

Japanese V 06425 

Japanese for Native Speakers 06426 

Japanese Field Experience 06427 

Japanese Conversation and Culture 06428 

Japanese Literature 06429 

IB Language A (non-English)—Japanese 06430 

IB Language B—Japanese 06431 

 258
 
 

Korean I 06441 

Korean II 06442 

Korean III 06443 

Korean IV 06444 

Korean V 06445 

Korean for Native Speakers 06446 

Korean Field Experience 06447 

Korean Conversation and Culture 06448 

Korean Literature 06449 

IB Language A (non-English)—Korean 06450 

IB Language B—Korean 06451 

East Asian Language I 06481 

East Asian Language II 06482 

East Asian Language III 06483 

East Asian Language IV 06484 

East Asian Language V 06485 

East Asian Language for Native Speakers 06486 

East Asian Language Field Experience 06487 

East Asian Language Conversation and Culture 06488 

East Asian Literature 06489 

IB Language A (non-English)—East Asian Language 06490 

IB Language B—East Asian Language 06491 

East Asian Language—Other 06499 

Vietnamese I 06501 

Vietnamese II 06502 

Vietnamese III 06503 

Vietnamese IV 06504 

Vietnamese V 06505 

Vietnamese for Native Speakers 06506 

Vietnamese Field Experience 06507 

Vietnamese Conversation and Culture 06508 

Vietnamese Literature 06509 

IB Language A (non-English)—Vietnamese 06510 

IB Language B—Vietnamese 06511 

Filipino I 06521 

Filipino II 06522 

Filipino III 06523 

Filipino IV 06524 

Filipino V 06525 

Filipino for Native Speakers 06526 

Filipino Field Experience 06527 

Filipino Conversation and Culture 06528 

Filipino Literature 06529 

IB Language A (non-English)—Filipino 06530 

IB Language B—Filipino 06531 

259
 
 

Southeast Asian Language I 06581 

Southeast Asian Language II 06582 

Southeast Asian Language III 06583 

Southeast Asian Language IV 06584 

Southeast Asian Language V 06585 

Southeast Asian Language for Native Speakers 06586 

Southeast Asian Language Field Experience 06587 

Southeast Asian Language Conversation and Culture 06588 

Southeast Asian Literature 06589 

IB Language A (non-English)—Southeast Asian Language 06590 

IB Language B—Southeast Asian Language 06591 

Southeast Asian Language—Other 06599 

Russian I 06601 

Russian II 06602 

Russian III 06603 

Russian IV 06604 

Russian V 06605 

Russian for Native Speakers 06606 

Russian Field Experience 06607 

Russian Conversation and Culture 06608 

Russian Literature 06609 

IB Language A (non-English)—Russian 06610 

IB Language—Russian 06611 

Balto-Slavic Language I 06641 

Balto-Slavic Language II 06642 

Balto-Slavic Language III 06643 

Balto-Slavic Language IV 06644 

Balto-Slavic Language V 06645 

Balto-Slavic Language for Native Speakers 06646 

Balto-Slavic Language Field Experience 06647 

Balto-Slavic Language Conversation and Culture 06648 

Balto-Slavic Literature 06649 

IB Language A (non-English)—Balto-Slavic Language 06650 

IB Language B—Balto-Slavic Language 06651 

Balto-Slavic Language—Other 06659 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language I 06661 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language II 06662 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language III 06663 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language IV 06664 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language V 06665 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language for Native Speakers 06666 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language Field Experience 06667 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language Conversation and Culture 06668 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Literature 06669 

260
 
 

IB Language A (non-English)—Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language 06670 

IB Language B—Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language 06671 

Turkic/Ural-Altaic Language—Other 06679 

Iranian/Persian Language I 06681 

Iranian/Persian Language II 06682 

Iranian/Persian Language III 06683 

Iranian/Persian Language IV 06684 

Iranian/Persian Language V 06685 

Iranian/Persian Language for Native Speakers 06686 

Iranian/Persian Language Field Experience 06687 

Iranian/Persian Language Conversation and Culture 06688 

Iranian/Persian Literature 06689 

IB Language A (non-English)—Iranian/Persian Language 06690 

IB Language B—Iranian/Persian Language 06691 

Iranian/Persian Language—Other 06699 

Hebrew I 06701 

Hebrew II 06702 

Hebrew III 06703 

Hebrew IV 06704 

Hebrew V 06705 

Hebrew for Native Speakers 06706 

Hebrew Field Experience 06707 

Hebrew Conversation and Culture 06708 

Hebrew Literature 06709 

IB Language A (non-English)—Hebrew 06710 

IB Language B—Hebrew 06711 

IB Classical Languages—Hebrew 06712 

Arabic I 06721 

Arabic II 06722 

Arabic III 06723 

Arabic IV 06724 

Arabic V 06725 

Arabic for Native Speakers 06726 

Arabic Field Experience 06727 

Arabic Conversation and Culture 06728 

Arabic Literature 06729 

IB Language A (non-English)—Arabic 06730 

IB Language—Arabic 06731 

IB Classical Languages—Arabic 06732 

Semitic and Near/Middle Eastern Languages—Other 06759 

Swahili I 06761 

Swahili II 06762 

Swahili III 06763 

261
 
 

Swahili IV 06764 

Swahili V 06765 

Swahili for Native Speakers 06766 

Swahili Field Experience 06767 

Swahili Conversation and Culture 06768 

Swahili Literature 06769 

IB Language A (non-English)—Swahili 06770 

IB Language B—Swahili 06771 

Non-Semitic African Language I 06781 

Non-Semitic African Language II 06782 

Non-Semitic African Language III 06783 

Non-Semitic African Language IV 06784 

Non-Semitic African Language V 06785 

Non-Semitic African Language for Native Speakers 06786 

Non-Semitic African Language Field Experience 06787 

Non-Semitic African Language Conversation and Culture 06788 

Non-Semitic African Literature 06789 

IB Language A (non-English)—Non-Semitic African Language 06790 

IB Language B—Non-Semitic African Language 06791 

Non-Semitic African Language—Other 06799 

American Sign Language I 06801 

American Sign Language II 06802 

American Sign Language III 06803 

American Sign Language IV 06804 

American Sign Language V 06805 

American Sign Language—Other 06819 

American Indian Language I 06821 

American Indian Language II 06822 

American Indian Language III 06823 

American Indian Language IV 06824 

American Indian Language V 06825 

American Indian Language for Native Speakers 06826 

American Indian Language Field Experience 06827 

American Indian Language Conversation and Culture 06828 

American Indian Literature 06829 

IB Language A (non-English)—American Indian Language 06830 

IB Language B—American Indian Language 06831 

American Indian Language—Other 06839 

Indic Language I 06841 

Indic Language II 06842 

Indic Language III 06843 

Indic Language IV 06844 

Indic Language V 06845 

Indic Language for Native Speakers 06846 

262
 
 

Indic Language Field Experience 06847 

Indic Language Conversation and Culture 06848 

Indic Literature 06849 

IB Language A (non-English)—Indic Language 06850 

IB Language B—Indic Language 06851 

Indic Language—Other 06859 

Malayo-Polynesian Language I 06861 

Malayo-Polynesian Language II 06862 

Malayo-Polynesian Language III 06863 

Malayo-Polynesian Language IV 06864 

Malayo-Polynesian Language V 06865 

Malayo-Polynesian Language for Native Speakers 06866 

Malayo-Polynesian Language Field Experience 06867 

Malayo-Polynesian Language Conversation and Culture 06868 

Malayo-Polynesian Literature 06869 

IB Language A (non-English)—Malayo-Polynesian Language 06870 

IB Language B—Malayo-Polynesian Language 06871 

Malayo-Polynesian Language—Other 06879 

Foreign Language and Literature—Aide 06995 

Foreign Language and Literature—Independent Study 06997 

Foreign Language and Literature—Workplace Experience 06998 

Foreign Language and Literature—Other 06999 

Religious Education and Theology 

Religious Foundations 07001 

Comparative Religion 07002 

Eastern Religions 07003 

Western Religions 07004 

Scriptures 07005 

Old Testament 07006 

New Testament 07007 

Bible History 07008 

Christology 07009 

Religious Figures 07010 

Liturgy and Prayer 07011 

Prayer and Spirituality 07012 

Religious Ethics and Morality 07013 

Justice, Peace, and Faith 07014 

Faith and Lifestyle 07015 

Ministry 07016 

Religious Education and Theology—Aide 07995 

Religious Education and Theology—Independent Study 07997 

263
 
 

Religious Education and Theology—Workplace Experience 07998 

Religious Education and Theology—Other 07999 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education 

Physical Education 08001 

Team Sports 08002 

Individual/Dual Sports 08003 

Recreation Sports 08004 

Fitness/Conditioning Activities 08005 

Corps Movement 08006 

Adapted Physical Education 08007 

Gymnastics 08008 

Weight Training 08009 

Aquatics/Water Sports 08010 

Tennis 08011 

Self-defense 08012 

Specific Sports Activities 08013 

Physical Education Equivalent 08014 

Off-Campus Sports 08015 

Lifetime Fitness Education 08016 

Sports Physiology 08017 

Physical Education—Independent Study 08047 

Physical Education—Workplace Experience 08048 

Physical Education—Other 08049 

Health Education 08051 

Health and Fitness 08052 

Community Health 08053 

Special Needs Health Education 08054 

Safety and First Aid 08055 

Health for Parenting Teens 08056 

Health and Life Management 08057 

Substance Abuse Prevention 08058 

Health Education—Independent Study 08097 

Health Education—Workplace Experience 08098 

Health Education—Other 08099 

Drivers’ Education—Classroom Only 08151 

Drivers’ Education—Classroom and Laboratory 08152 

Drivers’ Education—Independent Study 08197 

Drivers’ Education—Workplace Experience 08198 

Drivers’ Education—Other 08199 

Physical Education/Health/Drivers’ Education 08201 

264
 
 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Aide 08995 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Independent Study 08997 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Workplace Experience 08998 

Physical, Health, and Safety Education—Other 08999 

Military Science 

Introduction to Jr. ROTC 09001 

Military Jr. ROTC—unspecified branch 09002 

ROTC Drill 09003 

Military Leadership 09004 

Army Junior ROTC I 09051 

Army Junior ROTC II 09052 

Army Junior ROTC III 09053 

Army Junior ROTC IV 09054 

Naval Junior ROTC I 09101 

Naval Junior ROTC II 09102 

Naval Junior ROTC III 09103 

Naval Junior ROTC IV 09104 

Air Force Junior ROTC I 09151 

Air Force Junior ROTC II 09152 

Air Force Junior ROTC III 09153 

Air Force Junior ROTC IV 09154 

Marine Corps Junior ROTC I 09201 

Marine Corps Junior ROTC II 09202 

Marine Corps Junior ROTC III 09203 

Marine Corps Junior ROTC IV 09204 

Military Science—Aide 09995 

Military Science—Independent Study 09997 

Military Science—Workplace Experience 09998 

Military Science—Other 09999 

Computer and Information Sciences 

Introduction to Computers 10001 

Computing Systems 10002 

Computer and Information Technology 10003 

Computer Applications 10004 

Business Computer Applications 10005 

Telecommunications 10006 

IB Information Technology in a Global Society 10007 

265
 
 

Particular Topics in Computer Literacy 10008 

Computer Literacy—Independent Study 10047 

Computer Literacy—Workplace Experience 10048 

Computer Literacy—Other 10049 

Information Management 10051 

Database Management and Data Warehousing 10052 

Database Applications 10053 

Data Systems/Processing 10054 

Particular Topics in Management Information Systems 10055 

Management Information Systems—Independent Study 10097 

Management Information Systems—Workplace Experience 10098 

Management Information Systems—Other 10099 

Network Technology 10101 

Networking Systems 10102 

Area Network Design and Protocols 10103 

Router Basics 10104 

NetWare Routing 10105 

Wide Area Telecommunications and Networking 10106 

Wireless Networks 10107 

Network Security 10108 

Essentials of Network Operating Systems 10109 

Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) 10110 

Particular Topics in Networking Systems 10111 

Networking Systems—Independent Study 10147 

Networking Systems—Workplace Experience 10148 

Networking Systems—Other 10149 

Business Programming 10151 

Computer Programming 10152 

Visual Basic (VB) Programming 10153 

C++ Programming 10154 

Java Programming 10155 

Computer Programming—Other Language 10156 

AP Computer Science A 10157 

AP Computer Science AB 10158 

IB Computing Studies 10159 

Particular Topics in Computer Programming 10160 

Computer Programming—Independent Study 10197 

Computer Programming—Workplace Experience 10198 

Computer Programming—Other 10199 

Web Page Design 10201 

Computer Graphics 10202 

Interactive Media 10203 

266
 
 

Particular Topics in Media Technology 10204 

Media Technology—Independent Study 10247 

Media Technology—Workplace Experience 10248 

Media Technology—Other 10249 

Computer Technology 10251 

Computer Maintenance 10252 

Information Support and Services 10253 

IT Essentials: PC Hardware and Software 10254 

CISCO—The Panduit Network Infrastructure Essentials (PNIE) 10255 

Particular Topics in Information Support and Services 10256 

Information Support and Services—Independent Study 10297 

Information Support and Services—Workplace Experience 10298 

Information Support and Services—Other 10299 

Computer and Information Sciences—Aide 10995 

Computer and Information Sciences—Independent Study 10997 

Computer and Information Sciences—Workplace Experience 10998 

Computer and Information Sciences—Other 10999 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology 

Introduction to Communication 11001 

Communication Technology 11002 

Particular Topics in Communication 11003 

Communication—Independent Study 11047 

Communication—Workplace Experience 11048 

Communication—Other 11049

Audio/Visual Production 11051 

Commercial Photography 11052 

Photographic Laboratory and Darkroom 11053 

Photo Imaging 11054 

Video 11055

Particular Topics in Audio/Video Technology and Film 11056 

Audio/Video Technology and Film—Independent Study 11097 

Audio/Video Technology and Film—Workplace Experience 11098 

Audio/Video Technology and Film—Other 11099 

Journalism 11101

Photojournalism 11102

Broadcasting Technology 11103 

Publication Production 11104 

Particular Topics in Journalism and Broadcasting 11105 

Journalism and Broadcasting—Independent Study 11147 

Journalism and Broadcasting—Workplace Experience 11148 

267
 
 

Journalism and Broadcasting—Other 11149 

Digital Media Technology 11151 

Desktop Publishing 11152 

Digital Media Design and Production 11153 

Commercial Graphic Design 11154 

Graphic Technology 11155 

Photography and Printing Technology 11156 

Photoengraving 11157

Print Press Operations 11158 

Particular Topics in Printing Technology and Production 11159 

Printing Technology—Independent Study 11197 

Printing Technology—Workplace Experience 11198 

Printing Technology—Other 11199 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Aide 11995 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Independent Study 11997 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Workplace Experience 11998 

Communication and Audio/Video Technology—Other 11999 

Business and Marketing 

Business/Office Career Exploration 12001 

Office Procedures—Comprehensive 12002 

Office and Administrative Technologies 12003 

Office Services 12004 

Keyboarding 12005

Word Processing 12006 

Recordkeeping 12007

Particular Topics in Administration 12008 

Business Communications 12009 

Administration—Independent Study 12047 

Administration—Workplace Experience 12048 

Administration—Other 12049

Introductory Business 12051 

Business Management 12052 

Entrepreneurship 12053

Business Law 12054 

Business Principles and Management 12055 

International Business and Marketing 12056 

Human Resources and Labor Relations 12057 

Human Resources Management 12058 

IB Business and Management 12059 

Management—Independent Study 12097 

Management—Workplace Experience 12098 

268
 
 

Management—Other 12099

Banking and Finance 12101 

Banking 12102

Finance 12103

Accounting 12104

Business Economics 12105 

Risk Management and Insurance 12106 

Investing 12107

Finance—Independent Study 12147 

Finance—Workplace Experience 12148 

Finance—Other 12149

Marketing Career Exploration 12151 

Marketing—Comprehensive 12152

Marketing—Fashion 12153

Marketing—Real Estate 12154 

Marketing—Transportation 12155

Marketing—Food/Beverage Industry 12156 

Marketing—Insurance 12157

Marketing—Floristry 12158

Marketing—Hospitality/Tourism 12159

Marketing—Merchandising 12160

Retail Marketing 12161 

Internet Marketing 12162 

Sports and Entertainment Marketing 12163 

Principles of Marketing 12164 

Principles of Advertising 12165 

Marketing Management 12166 

Marketing—Other Specialization 12167 

Marketing—Independent Study 12197 

Marketing—Workplace Experience 12198 

Marketing—Other 12199

Cashier/Checker Operations 12201 

Principles of Selling 12202 

Sales—Independent Study 12247 

Sales—Workplace Experience 12248 

Sales—Other 12249

Business and Marketing—Aide 12995 

Business and Marketing—Independent Study 12997 

Business and Marketing—Workplace Experience 12998 

Business and Marketing—Other 12999 

269
 
 270
 

Manufacturing 

Exploration of Manufacturing Occupations 13001 

Manufacturing—Comprehensive 13002

Industrial Arts 13003 

Industrial Safety/First Aid 13004 

Material and Processes 13052 

Metal and Wood Processing/Production 13053 

Wood Processing/Production 13054 

Metal Processing/Production 13055 

Plastics Processing/Production 13056 

Ceramic Processing/Production 13057 

Particular Topics in Processing and Production 13058 

Processing/Production—Independent Study 13097 

Processing/Production—Workplace Experience 13098 

Processing/Production—Other 13099

Production Systems 13101 

Electro-Mechanical Systems 13102 

Product Development 13103 

Production Systems—Independent Study 13147 

Production Systems—Workplace Experience 13148 

Production Systems—Other 13149 

Metalwork Occupations 13201 

Metalworking 13202

Machining 13203

Particular Topics in Machining 13204 

Sheet Metal 13205 

Particular Topics in Sheet Metal 13206 

Welding 13207

Particular Topics in Welding 13208 

Particular Topics in Metalwork 13209 

Metalwork—Independent Study 13247 

Metalwork—Workplace Experience 13248 

Metalwork—Other 13249

Appliance Repair 13301 

Equipment Maintenance and Repair 13302 

Repair—Independent Study 13347 

Repair—Workplace Experience 13348 

Repair—Other 13349

Manufacturing—Aide 13995

Manufacturing—Independent Study 13997 

Manufacturing—Workplace Experience 13998 
 

Manufacturing—Other 13999

Health Care Sciences 

Exploration of Health Care Occupations 14001 

Health Care Occupations—Comprehensive 14002

Nursing 14051

Nursing—LPN 14052

Home Health Care 14053 

Dental Science 14054 

Emergency Medical Technology 14055 

Surgical Technology 14056 

Vision Care 14057 

Optometrics 14058

Gerontology 14059

Physical Therapy 14060 

Respiratory Therapy 14061 

Care of Athletes 14062 

Particular Topics in Therapeutic Services 14063 

Therapeutic Services—Independent Study 14097 

Therapeutic Services—Workplace Experience 14098 

Therapeutic Services—Other 14099 

Dental Laboratory Technology 14101 

Medical Lab Technology 14102 

EKG Technology 14103 

Phlebotomy 14104

Particular Topics in Diagnostic Services 14105 

Diagnostic Services—Independent Study 14147 

Diagnostic Services—Workplace Experience 14148 

Diagnostic Services—Other 14149 

Medical/Clerical Assisting 14151 

Pharmacy Assisting 14152 

Medical Office Procedures 14153 

Medical Terminology 14154 

Particular Topics in Health Information 14155 

Health Information—Independent Study 14197 

Health Information—Workplace Experience 14198 

Health Information—Other 14199 

Central Service Technology 14201 

Health Support Services 14202 

Health Unit Coordination 14203 

Particular Topics in Support Services 14204 

271
 
 

Health Support Services—Independent Study 14247 

Health Support Services—Workplace Experience 14248 

Health Support Services—Other 14249

Health Science 14251 

Biotechnology 14252

Pharmacology 14253

Particular Topics in Health Sciences 14254 

Health Sciences—Independent Study 14297 

Health Sciences—Workplace Experience 14298 

Health Sciences—Other 14299 

Health Care Sciences—Aide 14995 

Health Care Sciences—Independent Study 14997 

Health Care Sciences—Workplace Experience 14998 

Health Care Sciences—Other 14999 

Public, Protective, and Government Services 

Exploration of Public Service Careers 15001 

Criminal Justice 15051 

Corrections 15052

Particular Topics in Law Enforcement 15053 

Law Enforcement—Independent Study 15097 

Law Enforcement—Workplace Experience 15098 

Law Enforcement—Other 15099 

Public Safety 15101 

Security Services 15102 

Particular Topics in Security 15103 

Security and Protection—Independent Study 15147 

Security and Protection—Workplace Experience 15148 

Security and Protection—Other 15149 

Fire Science 15151 

Fire Fighting 15152 

Particular Topics in Fire Management 15153 

Fire Management—Independent Study 15197 

Fire Management—Workplace Experience 15198 

Fire Management—Other 15199 

Public Administration 15201 

Community Protection 15202 

Public Policy 15203 

Government Service—Independent Study 15247 

272
 
 

Government Service—Workplace Experience 15248 

Government Service—Other 15249 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Aide 15995 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Independent Study 15997 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Workplace Experience 15998 

Public, Protective, and Government Service—Other 15999 

Hospitality and Tourism 

Exploration of Hospitality Careers 16001 

Exploration of Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services 16051 

Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services—Comprehensive 16052 

Food Service 16053 

Nutrition and Food Preparation 16054 

Restaurant Management and Operations 16055 

Culinary Art Specialty 16056 

Particular Topics in Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services 16057 

Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services—Independent Study 16097 

Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services—Workplace Experience 16098 

Restaurant, Food and Beverage Services—Other 16099 

Exploration of Lodging Careers 16101 

Lodging—Comprehensive 16102

Institutional Maintenance 16103 

Particular Topics in Lodging 16104 

Lodging—Independent Study 16147 

Lodging—Workplace Experience 16148 

Lodging—Other 16149

Introduction to Travel and Tourism 16151 

Travel and Tourism—Comprehensive 16152 

World Travel and Tourism 16153 

Eco-tourism 16154

Particular Topics in Travel and Tourism 16155 

Travel and Tourism—Independent Study 16197 

Travel and Tourism—Workplace Experience 16198 

Travel and Tourism—Other 16199 

Exploration of Recreation, Amusement and Attractions 16201 

Recreation, Amusement and Attractions—Comprehensive 16202

Particular Topics in Recreation, Amusement and Attractions 16203 

Recreation, Amusement and Attractions—Independent Study 16247 

Recreation, Amusement and Attractions—Workplace Experience 16248 

Recreation, Amusement and Attractions—Other 16249 

273
 
 

Hospitality and Tourism—Aide 16995 

Hospitality and Tourism—Independent Study 16997 

Hospitality and Tourism—Workplace Experience 16998 

Hospitality and Tourism—Other 16999 

Architecture and Construction 

Construction Careers Exploration 17001 

Construction—Comprehensive 17002 

Carpentry 17003 

Framing Carpentry 17004 

Particular Topics in Carpentry 17005 

Woodworking 17006 

Cabinetmaking 17007 

Masonry 17008 

Building Maintenance 17009 

Home Maintenance 17010 

Wall Finishings 17011 

Upholstering 17012 

General Construction—Independent Study 17047 

General Construction—Workplace Experience 17048 

General Construction—Other 17049 

Air Conditioning 17051 

Refrigeration 17152 

Heating 17053 

Air Conditioning/Refrigeration 17054 

Air Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration 17055 

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning 17056 

Particular Topics in HVACR 17057 

Plumbing 17158 

Plumbing and Heating 17159 

Air Conditioning, Heating and Plumbing—Independent Study 17097 

Air Conditioning, Heating and Plumbing—Workplace Experience 17098 

Air Conditioning, Heating and Plumbing—Other 17099 

Exploration of Electricity/Electronics 17101 

Electricity—Comprehensive 17102 

Residential Wiring 17103 

Industrial Electricity 17104 

Particular Topics in Electricity 17105 

Electronics—Comprehensive 17106 

Particular Topics in Electronics 17107 

Electricity/Electronics—General 17108 

Particular Topics in Electricity/Electronics 17109 

274
 
 

Analog and Digital Circuits 17110 

Analog Circuits 17111 

Digital Circuits 17112 

Electricity/Electronics—Independent Study 17147 

Electricity/Electronics—Workplace Experience 17148 

Electricity/Electronics—Other 17149

Architecture and Construction—Aide 17995 

Architecture and Construction—Independent study 17997 

Architecture and Construction—Workplace Experience 17998 

Architecture and Construction—Other 17999 

Agriculture and Natural Resources 

Introduction to Agriculture and Natural Resources 18001 

Agriculture—Comprehensive 18002

Agriculture and Natural Resources—Comprehensive 18003 

Plant Production/Science 18051 

General Horticulture 18052 

Ornamental Horticulture 18053 

Turf and Landscape Management 18054 

Soil Science 18055 

Particular Topics in Plant Systems 18056 

Plant Systems—Independent Study 18097 

Plant Systems—Workplace Experience 18098 

Plant Systems—Other 18099 

Animal Production/Science 18101 

Small Animal Care 18102 

Large Animal Care 18103 

Equine Science 18104 

Veterinary Science 18105 

Particular Topics in Animal Systems 18106 

Animal Systems—Independent Study 18147 

Animal Systems—Workplace Experience 18148 

Animal Systems—Other 18149 

Agribusiness Management 18201 

Agricultural Entrepreneurship 18202 

Agricultural Leadership 18203 

Particular Topics in Agribusiness 18204 

Agribusiness—Independent Study 18247 

Agribusiness—Workplace Experience 18248 

Agribusiness—Other 18249

275
 
 

Agricultural Production 18301 

Agricultural Processing 18302 

Plant Processing 18303 

Animal Processing 18304 

Food Product Processing 18305 

Aquaculture 18306

Agriculture and Society 18307 

Agricultural Biotechnology 18308 

Particular Topics in Agricultural Production/Processing 18309 

Agricultural Production and Processing—Independent Study 18347 

Agricultural Production and Processing—Workplace Experience 18348 

Agricultural Production and Processing—Other 18349 

Agriculture Mechanics/Equipment/Structures 18401 

Agriculture Mechanics and Equipment 18402 

Agriculture Structures 18403 

Agriculture Welding 18404 

Particular Topics in Agricultural Mechanics and Construction 18405 

Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Independent Study 18447 

Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Workplace Experience 18448 

Agricultural Mechanics and Construction—Other 18449 

Wildlife Management 18501 

Forestry 18502

Forestry Harvesting 18503 

Natural Resources Management 18504 

Particular Topics in Natural Resources 18505 

Natural Resources—Independent Study 18547 

Natural Resources—Workplace Experience 18548 

Natural Resources—Other 18549 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Aide 18995 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Independent Study 18997 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Workplace Experience 18998 

Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources—Other 18999 

Human Services 

Human Services Career Exploration 19001 

Child Care 19051 

Child Development 19052 

Elder Care 19053 

Caregiving Service 19054 

Particular Topics in Child and Elder Care 19055 

Child and Elder Care—Independent Study 19097 

276
 
 

Child and Elder Care—Workplace Experience 19098 

Child and Elder Care—Other 19099 

Cosmetology—Licensing 19101

Barbering 19102

Hair Styling 19103 

Cosmetology—Non-licensing 19104

Cosmetology—Nail Specialization 19105 

Cosmetology—Facial Specialization 19106 

Particular Topics in Cosmetology 19107 

Cosmetology—Independent Study 19147 

Cosmetology—Workplace Experience 19148 

Cosmetology—Other 19149

Teaching Profession 19151 

Educational Methodology 19152 

Early Childhood Education 19153 

Particular Topics in Education 19154 

Education—Independent Study 19197 

Education—Workplace Experience 19198 

Education—Other 19199

Clothing and Textiles 19201 

Clothing/Textile Maintenance 19202 

Apparel Construction 19203 

Apparel and Textile Services 19204 

Home Furnishing 19205 

Home Furnishings Production 19206 

Particular Topics in Apparel and Furnishings 19207 

Apparel and Furnishings—Independent Study 19247 

Apparel and Furnishings—Workplace Experience 19248 

Apparel and Furnishings—Other 19249 

Human Services—Aide 19995 

Human Services—Independent Study 19997 

Human Services—Workplace Experience 19998 

Human Services—Other 19999 

Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics 

Exploration of Transportation, Distribution and Logistics 20001 

Truck and Bus Driving 20051 

Heavy Equipment Operation 20052 

Aviation 20053

Boat Operation 20054 

277
 
 

Operation—Independent Study 20097 

Operation—Workplace Experience 20098 

Operation—Other 20099

Energy/Power 20101

Power and Mechanics 20102 

Introduction to Automobiles 20103 

Automotive Mechanics—Comprehensive 20104 

Particular Topics in Automotive Mechanics 20105 

Automotive Service 20106 

Diesel Mechanics—Comprehensive 20107 

Particular Topics in Diesel Mechanics 20108 

Small Vehicle Mechanics 20109 

Small Engine Mechanics 20110 

Marine Mechanics 20111 

Heavy Equipment Mechanics 20112 

Aircraft Power Plant 20113 

Aircraft Airframe 20114 

Automotive Detailing and Reconditioning 20115 

Automotive Body Repair and Refinishing—Comprehensive 20116 

Particular Topics in Automotive Body Repair and Refinishing 20117 

Boat Repair/Refinishing 20118 

Mechanics and Repair—Independent Study 20147 

Mechanics and Repair—Workplace Experience 20148 

Mechanics and Repair—Other 20149 

Distribution—Comprehensive 20151

Warehouse Operations 20152 

Distribution and Logistics—Independent Study 20197 

Distribution and Logistics—Workplace Experience 20198 

Distribution and Logistics—Other 20199 

Transportation, Distribution and Logistics—Aide 20995 

Transportation, Distribution and Logistics—Independent Study 20997 

Transportation, Distribution and Logistics—Workplace Experience 20998 

Transportation, Distribution and Logistics—Other 20999 

Engineering and Technology 

Pre-Engineering Technology 21001 

Engineering Applications 21002 

Engineering Technology 21003 

Principles of Engineering 21004 

Engineering—Comprehensive 21005

Engineering Design 21006 

Engineering Design and Development 21007 

278
 
 

Digital Electronics 21008 

Robotics 21009

Computer Integrated Manufacturing 21010 

Civil Engineering 21011 

Civil Engineering and Architecture 21012 

Aerospace Engineering 21013 

Biotechnical Engineering 21014 

Particular Topics in Engineering 21015 

Engineering—Independent Study 21047 

Engineering—Workplace Experience 21048 

Engineering—Other 21049

Technological Literacy 21051 

Technological Processes 21052 

Emerging Technologies 21053 

Technology Innovation and Assessment 21054 

Aerospace Technology 21055 

Particular Topics in Technology Applications 21056 

Technology—Independent Study 21097 

Technology—Workplace Experience 21098 

Technology—Other 21099

Drafting Careers Exploration 21101 

Drafting—General 21102

Drafting—Architectural 21103

Drafting—Civil/Structural 21104

Drafting—Electrical/Electronic 21105

Drafting—Technical/Mechanical 21106

CAD Design and Software 21107 

Blueprint Reading 21108 

Drafting—Independent Study 21147 

Drafting—Workplace Experience 21148 

Drafting—Other 21149

Engineering and Technology—Aide 21995 

Engineering and Technology—Independent Study 21997 

Engineering and Technology—Workplace Experience 21998 

Engineering and Technology—Other 21999 

Miscellaneous 

Standardized Test Preparation 22001 

State Test Preparation 22002 

Study Skills 22003 

Dropout Prevention Program 22004 

Tutorial 22005

279
 
 

Study Hall 22006 

Office Aide 22051 

Guidance Aide 22052 

Library/AVC Aide 22053 

Tutoring Practicum 22054 

Leadership 22101

School Orientation 22102 

School Governance 22103 

Community Service 22104 

Values Clarification 22105 

Seminar 22106

Career Exploration 22151 

Employability Skills 22152 

Diversified Occupations 22153 

Family and Consumer Science—Comprehensive 22201 

Food and Nutrition 22202 

Food Science 22203 

Child Development/Parenting 22204 

Clothing/Sewing 22205

Life Skills 22206 

Self Management 22207 

Family Living 22208 

Personal Development 22209 

Consumer Economics/Personal Finance 22210 

Home Décor 22211 

Family and Consumer Science—Aide 22245 

Family and Consumer Science—Independent Study 22247 

Family and Consumer Science—Other 22249 

Miscellaneous—Aide 22995

Miscellaneous—Independent Study 22997 

Miscellaneous—Workplace Experience 22998 

Miscellaneous—Other 22999

280