# Patent

## Title
Bandwidth requests transmitted according to priority in a centrally managed network

## Abstract

Systems and methods are disclosed for a managed access network device that generates and transmits a schedule map for requesting bandwidth to a plurality of network devices. The managed access network device then broadcasts a request time where the request time is broken down into a plurality of periods. When a network device generates a packet having a priority, the schedule map is then consulted to determine one of a plurality of periods in which to transmit the request for bandwidth, where each period corresponds with at least one priority. The network device then subsequently transmits the request for bandwidth during the determined period within the request time.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to video, telephony, and data systems over a centrally managed network, and more particularly, to the field of requesting bandwidth for the transmission of video, telephony, and data packets over the network.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
Network devices, such as cable modems, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) gateways, media terminal adapters (MTAs), and set-tops, are typically the interface to the physical telephony and/or video equipment required for packet transport. Today, these network devices provide quality of service (QoS) for video, voice, and data packets generated by phones, computers, or televisions that are connected to the network devices.
Due to packet congestion in the access network, QoS is used to create transport guarantees for the video, voice, and data packets dynamically. More specifically, QoS is used in a centrally managed access network to ensure low latency and guaranteed bandwidth for certain packets. Network devices request bandwidth from managing access network devices prior to transmitting packets. Accordingly, the managing access network devices authorize bandwidth depending upon the requested packet priorities (i.e., the requested packet's QoS). The QoS priorities normally range from 0 through N, where N indicates the most critical packets. Conventionally, however, the network devices, e.g., cable modems, set-top boxes, MTAs, etc., all request bandwidth during a predetermined period resulting in collisions among the bandwidth requests. Additionally, all network devices request at the same time during the predetermined period regardless of priority, so that a priority N request may collide with a priority lower than, or higher than, the N request. Therefore, there is a need for a system and method that allows for bandwidth requests in a centrally managed access network that depends upon a priority of requests in order to avoid request packet collisions.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 illustrates a centrally managed network for transmitting video, voice, and data packets.
FIG. 2 is a table illustrating an example of QoS priorities.
FIG. 3 is a listing of steps taken by devices within the managed access network for requesting bandwidth in order to transmit packets.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of dedicating bandwidth to specific network devices in a managed access network.
FIG. 5 is an example of a managed access network including systems and methods for transmitting requests in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a listing of steps taken by devices within the managed access network for requesting bandwidth in order to transmit packets in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates example periods within a request time when network devices can request bandwidth depending upon packet priorities.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Preferred embodiments of the invention can be understood in the context of a broadband communications system. Note, however, that the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. All examples given herein, therefore, are intended to be non-limiting and are provided in order to help clarify the description of the invention.
The present invention is directed towards systems and methods that allow network devices to request bandwidth based on a packet's QoS priority. The QoS priority for the packet is mainly determined by the network operator and depends upon many variables, such as number of subscribers and equipment employed in the network. In accordance with the present invention, network devices in the system request bandwidth according to a scheduling map. The scheduling map, which gives specific times within a request period, for requesting bandwidth corresponding with a packet priority, is downloaded to all network devices. Each network device then consults the scheduling map in order to determine the specific time during the request period in which to transmit a request packet. Importantly, since the network devices then transmit requests at different times with the request period, collisions are eliminated or dramatically minimized. Additionally, bandwidth requests for critical priority packets can be grouped together during the different times to ensure that a critical packet request does not collide with a lower packet request.
FIG. 1 illustrates a centrally managed access network for transmitting video, voice, and data packets. Managed access network devices 105 are responsible for providing connections between devices that provide for media, signaling, provisioning, and QoS. For example, a call management server (CMS) 110 receives requests for making calls via the managed access network devices 105. The CMS 110 then initiates and processes signals related to that call. A cable modem terminal system (CMTS) 115 manages sessions over the managed access network 100 utilizing a Data over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) protocol. The CMTS 115 is responsible for assuring that all cable modems (CMs) on the network 100 remain synchronized. Typically, an optical node 120 receives the optical signals received from the CMTS 115 and converts the signals to electrical signals. There may be several optical nodes having several CM groups 125, 130, 135 coupled to an output of one of the optical nodes. An example of one subscriber within a CM group 135 is shown. An RF splitter 145 splits the downstream signals providing signals to a set-top device 150 and a cable modem 155. The set-top device 150 may be connected to a television or other viewing device for displaying video/audio signals. Additionally, the set-top device 150 may include a reverse transmitter or a cable modem to transmit reverse packets. The cable modem 155 filters signals that are provided to a coupled telephone and/or a computer. Typically, all network devices, 150, 155 are two-way capable allowing for interactive transmission of packets between the network device 150, 155 and managed access network devices 105. Furthermore, as mentioned, some of these packets have an associated QoS priority depending upon the application.
FIG. 2 is a table illustrating an example of QoS priorities. In this example, a 0 priority indicates a best effort. This may be reserved for Internet browsing. Other lower priorities include 1-3 that may be used for standard or business critical packets. Higher priorities in this example are priorities 4-6, where priority 4 is a controlled load for streaming multimedia and voice, priority 5 for video (e.g., interactive media), and priority 6 for voice calls. Priority 7 may be used for reserved traffic. As mentioned, these QoS priorities may be configurable by the network operator.
FIG. 3 is a listing of steps taken by devices within the managed access network 100 for requesting bandwidth in order to transmit packets. In step 305, the CMTS 115 allocates a predetermined period of time for all CMs within the CM groups 125, 130, 135 to request bandwidth. During that time, in step 310, each CM that is ready to transmit packets associated with video, voice, and/or data sends a request indicating some priority associated with the packets. If a request from one CM collides with a request from another CM, in step 315, the two CMs back off for a short time according to an internal algorithm within the request period to try to avoid further collisions. After the back off time, the two CMs resend the requests. Once the CMTS 115 receives the requests in step 320, the CMTS 115 allocates bandwidth to the requesting CM according to the specified priority of the packet. For example, if a CM requested bandwidth for packets having a priority of 4, the CMTS allocates bandwidth for this CM before allocating bandwidth to a CM that requested bandwidth for packets having a priority of 0.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of dedicating bandwidth to specific network devices in a managed access network. In order to avoid packet collisions, some operators may choose to give specific network devices, such as CMs, dedicated bandwidths within the frequency spectrum in order to transmit packets at any time. In this case, CM A is assigned exclusivity to transmit within BW1. CM A transmits packets to a CMTS 415 via a managed access network and devices 420. Furthermore, CM B and CM C are assigned exclusivity to transmit packets within BW2 and BW3, respectively. Assigning CMs exclusive bandwidth avoids any collisions with other CMs; however, it requires a great deal of bandwidth that networks seldom have, and the bandwidth is wasted when the CMs do not use it.
FIG. 5 is an example of a managed access network including systems and methods for transmitting requests in accordance with the present invention. In order to solve the problems stated above, the present invention continues to have all network devices within all CM groups 125, 130, 135 transmit requests during a same time period and at a same frequency bandwidth. The network devices, however, transmit requests during specific times within the time period depending upon the priority of the packets. For example, the priorities of packets may range from the following: e-mail packets having a priority of 3 generated by a first CM/MTA 505, which is connected to a computer; streaming video packets having a priority of 5 generated by a set-top device 510, which is connected to a television and a camera; voice signals having a priority of 6 generated by a second CM/MTA 515, which is connected to a telephone; and Internet browsing packets having a priority of 0 generated by a third CM/MTA 520, which is connected to a computer. In accordance with the present invention, the network devices 505, 510, 515, 520 will transmit requests to a CMTS 525 during the specific time within the request time period according to the generated packet's QoS.
FIG. 6 is a listing of steps taken by devices within the managed access network for requesting bandwidth in order to transmit packets in accordance with the present invention. Initially, in step 605, the CMTS 525 sends a map message to all network devices in the access network for request scheduling based on the provisioned QoS priority of packets. The network devices store the request schedule in memory for future reference. In step 610, the CMTS 525 then allocates a period of time, for example, 100 microseconds (μs) every 5 seconds, for the network devices to request bandwidth. During the allocated request time and in accordance with the stored request schedule, in step 615, the network devices wanting to transmit packets having priorities 4-7 may send request packets during a first period within the allocated request time (i.e., 100 μs), and, in step 620, network devices wanting to transmit packets having priorities 0-3 may send request packets during a second period within the request time. Generally, since the majority of request packets transmitted are lower in priority, the second period may further be broken down into a third and fourth period. The first period may also be reduced allowing more time to be allocated to any other period to ensure less packet collisions.
FIG. 7 illustrates example periods within a request time when network devices can request bandwidth depending upon packet priorities. In accordance with the present invention, CMs transmit requests within a specified bandwidth, such as, for example, at 10 MHz. CMs then transmit the requests to the CMTS 525 via the managed access network 100. During the specified request time, such as 100 μs every 5 seconds, CMs transmit requests according to the priorities and the schedule map. For example, requests for packet bandwidth having QoS priorities 4-7 may transmit during the first 50 μs 730. Thereafter, requests for packet bandwidth having QoS priorities 0-3 may transmit during the second 50 μs 735. As previously mentioned, the time periods can be changed at any time to accommodate changes in the amount of request packets by downloading another map message detailing a new schedule.
Accordingly, systems and methods have been provided that allows for the transmission of requests based on the QoS priority of the generated packets. It will be appreciated that further embodiments are envisioned that implement the invention, for example, using all software or adding modes for additional features and services.

## Claims

1. A method for transmitting requests for bandwidth in an access network, the method comprising:
generating, at a network device, a first packet having a first priority and a second packet having a second priority, the second priority being lesser than the first priority, wherein the first packet is a streaming video packet;
receiving, at the network device, a schedule map;
consulting, at the network device, the schedule map to determine one of a plurality of periods in which to transmit a request during a request time, wherein a period is determined based on the generated packet priorities, and wherein a first period of time within the request time corresponds to the first priority and a second period of time within the request time corresponds to the second priority, wherein the first period of time is reduced when a first number of packets having the first priority is expected to be less than a second number of packets having the second priority; and
according to the determined period, transmitting the request for bandwidth from the network device, wherein transmitting the request occurs at a specific time that differs from another specific time that a second network device transmits a second request for bandwidth.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving bandwidth in response to the request; and
transmitting the first packet.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving and storing in a memory an updated schedule map; and
transmitting the first packet according to the updated schedule map.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, at the network device, the schedule map comprises receiving at the network device comprising a media terminal adapter.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, at the network device, the schedule map comprises receiving at the network device comprising a cable modem.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving, at the network device, the schedule map comprises receiving at the network device comprising a device comprising a combination cable modem and media terminal adapter.

7. A system for transmitting requests for bandwidth in an access network, the system comprising:
a managed access network device for transmitting a schedule map, wherein the schedule map includes a plurality of periods, each period corresponding with at least one priority; and
a plurality of network devices for receiving and storing the schedule map, each network device for generating a packet having a priority and for transmitting a request for bandwidth during the period and at a specific time corresponding to the priority of the packet,
wherein the managed access network device is further configured for updating the schedule map in accordance with the amount of requests from the plurality of network devices and for transmitting the updated schedule map to the plurality of network devices for storage, wherein updating the schedule map includes decreasing at least one of the plurality of periods based on an expected number of packets to be received at the managed access network device within the at least one of the plurality of periods; and
wherein a first priority corresponds with a streaming video packet and a second priority corresponds with a packet of lesser importance, and wherein a first period of time within the request time corresponds to the first priority and a second period of time within the request time corresponds to the second priority.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the managed access network device provides a request time for the plurality of network devices to transmit requests for bandwidth, wherein the request time includes the plurality of periods and the specific time corresponding with the at least one priority of the packet by each of the plurality of network devices.

9. The system of claim 7, wherein the managed access network device receives each request for bandwidth and subsequently allocates bandwidth for each request.

10. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of network devices comprise media terminal adapters.

11. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of network devices comprise cable modems.

12. The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of network devices comprise combination cable modems and media terminal adapters.

13. An access network for requesting bandwidth for packet transmission, the access network comprising:
a plurality of network devices each for generating a packet having a priority and for requesting bandwidth indicating the priority for transmitting the generated packet; and
a managed access network device for receiving the request for bandwidth from the plurality of network devices and for allocating bandwidth to each of the plurality of network devices depending upon the priority of each packet received,
wherein the plurality of network devices transmit the request for bandwidth according to a schedule map and the schedule map comprises a plurality of periods and specific times with each period and specific time corresponding to at least one priority,
wherein the managed access network device, updates the schedule map when the amount of requests for bandwidth for each priority changes, wherein updating the schedule map includes decreasing at least one of the plurality of periods based on an expected number of packets to be received at the managed access network device within the at least one of the plurality of periods, and transmits the updated schedule map to the plurality of network devices for storage,
wherein the plurality of network devices further transmit the request for bandwidth during at specific time corresponding to the at least one priority,
wherein a first priority corresponds to a streaming video packet and a second priority corresponds to a packet of lesser importance and a first period of time within the periodic request time corresponds to the first priority and a second period of time within the periodic request time corresponds to the second priority.

14. The access network for requesting bandwidth for packet transmission of claim 13, wherein the plurality of network devices comprise media terminal adapters.

15. The access network for requesting bandwidth for packet transmission of claim 13, wherein the plurality of network devices comprise cable modems.

16. The access network of claim 13, wherein the plurality of network devices comprise combination cable modems and media terminal adapters.