United States Court of Appeals

for the Fifth Circuit

No. 20-60138

Santos Tamayac, 

Petitioner,

versus

Merrick Garland, U.S. Attorney General, 

Respondent.

Petition for Review of the Order of the 

Board of Immigration Appeals 

BIA No. A029 921 809

Before Elrod, Southwick, and Costa, Circuit Judges.

Per Curiam:*

Santos Tamayac, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions for 

review from a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals dismissing his 

appeal and upholding the denial of his motion to reopen removal proceedings. 

Because he fails to show any reversible error by the BIA, we DENY in part 

and DISMISS in part the petition for review.

* Pursuant to 5th Circuit Rule 47.5, the court has determined that this 

opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited 

circumstances set forth in 5th Circuit Rule 47.5.4.

United States Court of Appeals

Fifth Circuit

FILED

August 16, 2022

Lyle W. Cayce

Clerk

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Tamayac entered the United States without inspection near Nogales, 

Arizona in January 1991. A couple of years later, the government sent 

Tamayac an Order to Show Cause (OSC), alleging that he was a native and 

citizen of Guatemala and was subject to deportation. In an affidavit, Tamayac

certified that he has been “served with a copy of the Order to Show Cause in 

this case.” His proceedings were scheduled to begin in Miami, Florida. But 

Tamayac filed a motion to transfer venue to Houston, Texas, and the judge 

granted the motion.

The Houston immigration court sent his lawyer, Ms. Juarbe, a 

certified mail providing written notice that a hearing was scheduled on June

12, 1995. But Juarbe stated that she was unable to reach Tamayac because 

his telephone number was disconnected and he had moved without leaving a 

forwarding address. Accordingly, the immigration judge issued a decision in 

absentia on June 12, 1995, denying asylum and granting voluntary departure 

with an alternate order of deportation to Guatemala.

Over twenty years later, in 2019, Tamayac’s new attorney filed a 

motion to reopen Tamayac’s removal proceedings and to rescind the 

deportation order. The immigration judge denied the motion. Tamayac then 

appealed to the BIA, which affirmed the decision.

Now, on petition for review, Tamayac raises three issues. First, he 

argues that the BIA erred in determining that he received proper notice of 

the June 12, 1995 hearing. Second, he argues that the Immigration Judge 

lacked jurisdiction over him in his original proceedings because service of the 

OSC was insufficient under BIA precedent. Third, he argues that the BIA 

failed to address his argument concerning sua sponte reopening and thus 

violated the regulatory requirement that the BIA exercise its independent 

judgment and discretion over cases before it.

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This court reviews the denial of a motion to reopen under “a highly 

deferential abuse-of-discretion standard.” Ojeda-Calderon v. Holder, 726 

F.3d 669, 672 (5th Cir. 2013) (quoting Gomez-Palacios v. Holder, 560 F.3d 

354, 358 (5th Cir. 2009)). “[M]otions to reopen deportation proceedings are 

‘disfavored,’ and the moving party bears a ‘heavy burden.’” AltamiranoLopez v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 547, 549–50 (5th Cir. 2006) (quoting INS v. 

Abudu, 485 U.S. 94, 110 (1988)). The BIA’s decision must be upheld so long 

as it “is not capricious, racially invidious, utterly without foundation in the 

evidence, or otherwise so irrational that it is arbitrary rather than the result 

of any perceptible rational approach.” Zhao v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 295, 304 

(5th Cir. 2005) (quoting Pritchett v. INS, 993 F.2d 80, 83 (5th Cir.1993)). 

Questions of law are reviewed de novo, and the BIA’s factual findings are 

reviewed for substantial evidence and may not be overturned unless the 

evidence compels a contrary conclusion. Ojeda-Calderon, 726 F.3d at 672–

73. 

I.

The BIA reasonably determined that Tamayac had proper notice of 

his deportation hearing. Under 8 U.S.C. § 1252b, which was applicable at 

the time of Tamayac’s 1993–1995 proceedings, a deportation order entered 

in absentia could be rescinded only upon a motion to reopen filed at any time 

“if the alien demonstrates that [he] did not receive notice in accordance 

with” § 1252b(a)(2). 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(c)(3)(b) (repealed 1996). Section 

1252b(a)(2) stated that “written notice shall be given in person to the alien 

(or, if personal service is not practicable, written notice shall be given by 

certified mail to the alien or to the alien’s counsel of record, if any).” 8 U.S.C. 

§ 1252b(a)(2). Tamayac’s notice of hearing was sent by certified mail to his 

counsel, Iris Juarbe, who Tamayac had personally “authorized . . . to 

represent him.” Juarbe had previously submitted an asylum application and 

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motion to change venue on Tamayac’s behalf. And Juarbe herself signed a 

form certifying that she was Tamayac’s “attorney of record.” 

Tamayac argues that Juarbe was not his counsel “of record” because

there is no current record showing that a notice of appearance was filed, and 

thus, the notice of hearing was inadequate. He contends that holding Juarbe 

as his counsel “of record,” even when Juarbe never filed a notice of 

appearance, would render the phrase “of record” in the statute mere 

surplusage. If Congress meant to permit notice to be sent to a person’s 

“counsel simpliciter,” he argues, Congress “could have easily done so” by 

omitting the phrase “of record.”

But Tamayac’s argument is premised on the false assumption that, in 

the present context, we must require the filing of a notice of appearance for a 

counsel to be a counsel “of record” in order to give adequate meaning to the 

phrase. Of course, the phrase “counsel of record” in the statute does not 

just mean any counsel. But in the present case, the record warrants finding 

that Juarbe was more than Tamayac’s “counsel simpliciter.” Juarbe had 

submitted motions to the court on Tamayac’s behalf, she signed a form 

certifying that she was Tamayac’s “attorney of record,” and Tamayac never 

denies—even on appeal—that Juarbe was authorized to represent him in his 

deportation proceedings. Indeed, the reason Tamayac’s case was transferred 

from Miami to Houston was because of a motion to transfer venue that Juarbe 

filed. We hold that these facts support the BIA’s determination that 

Tamayac had proper notice of the hearing.

II.

The BIA did not abuse its discretion in determining that the OSC 

service was proper. Tamayac argues that the immigration judge did not have 

personal jurisdiction over him because he was not properly served with the 

OSC. He contends that effectuating service of an OSC sent by certified mail 

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under § 1252b requires a return receipt to be signed by the alien or a 

responsible person at the alien’s address. 8 U.S.C. § 1252b (repealed 1996); 

8 C.F.R. § 103.8(a)(2)(iv); see Matter of Grijalva, 21 I. & N. Dec. 27, 32-33 

(BIA 1995). And because no signed receipt is in the administrative record 

here, he contends that the OSC service was improper.

But Tamayac conceded service of the OSC in his 1994 affidavit. He 

certified that he has been “served with a copy of the Order to Show Cause in 

this case.” And in his 2019 affidavit and briefing on appeal, Tamayac still 

does not deny actual receipt of the OSC. Furthermore, Tamayac’s 

contention that the immigration judge lacks personal jurisdiction fails 

because he admitted in his 1994 affidavit that he received the OSC and 

conceded “deportability as charged.” An “alien who fails to object to the 

notice to appear and concedes his removability ‘waive[s] his challenge to the 

[immigration judge’s] jurisdiction over the removal proceedings.’” PierrePaul v. Barr, 930 F.3d 684, 693 n.6 (5th Cir. 2019) (quoting Sohani v. 

Gonzales, 191 F. App’x 258, 259 (5th Cir. 2006)). Tamayac did not at that 

time object to the OSC or to the immigration court’s jurisdiction, and 

conceded deportability as charged. Thus, in light of Tamayac’s sworn 

contemporaneous admission and failure to object, the BIA did not err in 

determining that service of the OSC was proper. 

III.

Finally, Tamayac contends that the BIA violated 8 C.F.R. 

§ 1003.1(d)(1)(ii) because it failed to consider the issue of whether the 

immigration judge’s denial of sua sponte reopening was proper. He argues 

that such a failure violated the regulation, which provides that BIA 

“members shall exercise their independent judgment and discretion in 

considering and determining the cases coming before the [BIA].” 8 C.F.R. 

§ 1003.1(d)(1)(ii). 

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But this court lacks jurisdiction to consider this issue because 

Tamayac did not file a motion for reconsideration with the BIA. As we have 

explained in Omari v. Holder, when a “new issue” is introduced by the BIA’s 

decision and “the BIA has an available and adequate means for addressing 

that issue, a party must first bring it to the BIA’s attention through a motion 

for reconsideration.” 562 F.3d 314, 320 (5th Cir. 2009); see also Dale v. 

Holder, 610 F.3d 294, 298 (5th Cir. 2010) (recognizing motions to reconsider 

as a jurisdictional prerequisite “where petitioner asserts a wholly new ground 

for relief arising only as a consequence of some error in the deportation 

proceedings”); Martinez-Guevara v. Garland, 27 F.4th 353, 360 (5th Cir. 

2022) (affirming the rules in Omari and Dale). The error that Tamayac 

alleges resulted from the BIA’s decision and was never presented to the BIA 

in the first instance. Thus, this court has no jurisdiction to consider the 

argument.

* * * 

For these reasons, we DENY in part and DISMISS in part the 

petition for review.

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