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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Section 1: General

 Section 2: Air Vehicle and Systems Description

 Section 3: Operating Limitations & Restrictions

 Section 4: Performance

 Section 5: Emergency Procedures

 Section 6: Weight and Balance/Equipment List

 Section 7: Handling, Service and Maintenance

 Section 8: Supplements

 Section 9: Checklist

SECTION – 1 GENERAL

INTRODUCTION

Our core principal is based on the idea that showcasing our client’s projects is paramount to our success. At all times 

you should remember that you represent the client, the UAS industry, and Andersen Ross Photography Inc.. If at any 

time you as an individual or crew feel that operating an Andersen Ross Photography Inc. conflicts with the previously 

mentioned, or may cause harm to property or the bystanders, DO NOT FLY. 

This manual shall be used to establish the minimum standard of care for all aircraft and operational procedures for 

Andersen Ross Photography Inc. It contains the checks to be accomplished during normal and emergency procedures, 

and performance. Checklists in this manual shall be printed, laminated in plastic, and kept with the UAS flight crew at all 

times. 

Insurance is a critical component of Andersen Ross Photography Inc. operational procedures. Not only would it be 

expensive to repair an aircraft in the event of an incident, but you yourself may be liable for damages to persons or 

property if it is determined that you operated in an unsafe manner. All clients shall be provided with proof of Andersen 

Ross Photography Inc. insurance upon request. 

This manual has been produced from a condensation of the manufactures aircraft manual(s) and Andersen Ross 

Photography Inc. Checklist procedures denoted with an * indicate performance steps mandatory for all thru-flights. 

Emergency procedures that are underlined shall be performed without reference to the checklist. Flight control LED 

error message legends shall be memorized so that the pilot and visual observer know what to do without hesitation. At 

the completion of each flight the pilot in command (PIC) shall be responsible for filling out flight log.

In an effort to minimize costs and maximize spare parts availability, many COTS (commercial off the shelf) components 

have been utilized. Some may have slight modifications to better suit this application. Most COTS products have 
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

separate data sheets, assembly manuals and instruction manuals. They are referenced in this document, with key factors 

being emphasized.

As with all high technology products utilizing constantly evolving software, it is important to periodically check for online 

upgrades to the COTS components, including hardware, firmware and software.

AERODYNAMIC KNOWLEDGE

Andersen Ross Photography Inc. and visual observers should understand the basic principals of rotorcraft flight. 

Although detailed FAA handbooks do not yet exist for UAS’s, Andersen Ross Photography Inc. that existing FAA 

handbooks for full size aircraft provide a wealth of knowledge that allow us ensure our operations adhere to the most 

stringent standards of safety. All pilots and visual observers are required to review the following chapters from the 

Helicopter Instructors Handbook (FAA-H-8083-4) and be able to describe how concepts in the handbook apply to UAS 

rotor systems:

o Chapter 3 – Aerodynamics of Flight

o Chapter 7 – Weight & Balance

o Chapter 8 – Helicopter Performance

o Chapter 10 – Basic Flight Maneuvers

o Chapter 11 – Advanced Flight Maneuvers

o Chapter 12 – Helicopter Emergencies 

o Chapter 17 – Single Pilot Resource Management, Aeronautical Decision-Making, and Risk Management

In addition to the above it should be understood that as batteries are used in a flight, the amount of available reserve 

power is constantly decreasing. While UAS’s may have enough power to lift off initially on a full charge, the power 

reserve at partial charge may be too low to allow for safe maneuvering which may result in a hard landing or crash. Due 

to this, operations without battery monitoring or loading of a rotorcraft above limits prescribed in this manual is 

prohibited

USE OF WORDS SHALL, WILL, SHOULD, AND MAY

Within this technical manual the word “shall” is used to indicate a mandatory requirement. The word “will” is used to 

express a declaration of purpose. The word “should” is used to indicate a non-mandatory but preferred method of 

accomplishment. The word “may” is used to indicate an acceptable method of accomplishment.
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS

 Economical due to extensive use of COTS products

 Low Visual Signature

 Low Aural Signature

 Quick Launch and Recovery

 Short Training Period

 Simple Operation

 Waypoint Navigation

 Backpackable

 VTOL

 Quick Repairs

 Redundant Flight Systems

 Safety Return to Home during lost link or low battery

 High Degree of Mission Success

 GPS navigation aid

 Various sensors

 24lb max takeoff weight

 Operating Temp Range: -5°C to +60°C

 Flight Modes: Manual and GPS aided waypoint navigation

 Maximum Operating Altitude: 1000 meters

 Maximum Operation Wind Conditions: 10 m/s

 Propulsion System: LiPoly batteries

 Takeoff: Manual or Automatic

 Landing: Manual or Automatic

 Takeoff/Recovery Area: 5m square
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

TYPICAL MISSION PROFILES

 ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance)

 Corporate events (ie: banquets, conventions, awards ceremonies, expositions, demonstrations)

 Outdoor events (ie: boating regattas, automobile racing, moto-cross, sporting)

 Promotional video and commercial production for businesses and film industry

 Thermal video for solar industry

 Thermal and HD video for commercial grade towers I.E. Cell Towers, Radio Towers

 Thermal video for construction inspections

 Real estate video showcasing of residential and commercial grade properties for the purpose of resale

 Aerial mapping and plotting of commercial and residential land. (ie: topography for new construction, 

agricultural planning and inspection of new and existing crops)

 Imaging for photogrammetry for the Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry

WARNINGS

 Never power a video transmitter or receiver without an antenna connected or overload failure will occur.

 Great care must be taken with the batteries. Much of this manual and supplemental information is devoted to 

the use and care of the batteries, especially the flight batteries. They are less volatile than gasoline, though they 

should be treated with the same respect. Become very familiar with proper techniques of their use.

 Batteries are highly flammable and can explode, especially when fully charged. Improper charging, vibration, 

impact, high discharge, etc. can lead to explosion and fire. 

 Batteries shall be charged under constant supervision in LiPo Guard safety bags using proper precautions as 

directed by the battery manufacturer.

 Batteries shall be stored in LiPo Guard safety bags when not in use.

 Store batteries between 20% - 60% charged state. Fully charge just before use.

 Fully charged batteries which are not to be used within 24 hours should be discharged to 20% - 60% charged 

state. Batteries shall not be stored above 60% charged state.

 Discharging LiPo batteries in excess of 80% of their rated capacity may cause harm to the batteries.

 Using more than one battery at a time requires the proper wiring harness so that the voltage is no more than 

25.2V (S900). Over voltage will cause serious damage to electrical equipment.

 Proper CG is critical to performance. Airframe shall not be overloaded as prescribed in Section 5 of this manual.

 Propellers should be balanced to avoid excessive vibration.

 GPS/Compass shall be forward facing as indicated by the arrow on the compass puck.

 Never use GPS Mode without GPS lock (6 satellites minimum).

 Low strength thread locking compound shall be used on all screws.

 Wireless Video and Data ranges vary considerably on many factors including weather, equipment, and 

obstructions. Be prepared for com failures.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

SECTION 2 - AIR VEHICLES AND SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION

IMPORTANT DIMENSIONS

 Distance Diagonal Base Out to Out (Arms Extended): 

o 38.375” – DJI S900

o 24.25” – DJI S550

o 800mm - Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Height with GPS/Compass up: 

o 24.75” – DJI S900

o 18.25” – DJI S550

o 750mm - Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 DJI Inspire

o 17.24” x 17.76” x 11.85”

WEIGHTS

 10.36lbs – 18.07lbs – DJI S900

 2.65lbs – 5.28lbs – DJI S550

 6.47lbs – DJI Inspire (including battery)

 18.5lbs Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

MOTORS

 Manufacturer: DJI-Innovations/ SunnySky Motors/ Tiger

 Number of motors: 4 – 6 - 8

 Motor Sator Size: 

o 41mm x 14mm – DJI S900

o 22mm x 12mm – DJI S550

o 35mm x 10mm – DJI Inspire

o 52mm x 12mm - Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Motor Model Number: 

o DJI 4114 Pro – DJI S900

o SunnySky x2212 – DJI S550

o DJI 3510 – DJI Inspire

o Tiger – MN-4012

 Motor KV/RPM: 

o 400 – DJI S900

o 980 – DJI S550
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

o 700 – DJI Inspire

o 340 – Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Motor Max Power: 

o 500 Watts – DJI S900

o 300 Watts – DJI S550

o 840 Watts – Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

o 555 Watts – DJI Inspire

PROPELLERS

 Manufacturer: DJI-Innovations /

 Material: High Strength Performance Engineered Plastics/ Carbon Fiber

 Number of propellers: 4-6-8-15

 Propeller model number: 

o DJI 1552 – DJI S900 (HSPEP)

o DJI 1038 – DJI S550 (CF)

o DJI 1345 – DJI Inspire (HSEP)

o Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Number of blades per motor mount: 2

 Propeller Diameter: 10” – 15”

 Propeller Pitch (fixed): 3.8” - 5.2”

 Max rpm: 10,000 rpm

ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLS

 Manufacturer: DJI-Innovations / Freefly

 Number of speed controls: 4-6

 Speed control model number: 

o DJI 40A Opto – DJI S900

o DJI 15A Opto– DJI S550

o Internal – DJI Inspire

o Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F - 4012

 Rating in amps: 15 - 40 Amps continuous

 Signal Frequency: 30 - 450 Hz

 Drive PWM Frequency: 8 KHz

AUTOPILOT
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

 Manufacturer: DJI-Innovations

 Autopilot Model Number: 

o DJI A2 – DJI S900

o DJI Naza V2 – DJI S550

o Internal – DJI Inspire

o DJI A2 – Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Components: GPS/Compass, IMU, Master Controller, Power Distribution System, LED Indicator Lighting System, 

Data Transceiver, GCS Software

 Operating Temp Range: -5°C to +60°C (DJI A2), -10°C to +50°C (Naza V2)

 Software Compatible: Windows XP sp3 / Windows 7 / Windows 8

AUTOPILOT (cont)

o Pitch: 120°/s, Pan: 180°/s – Zenmuse X3

GIMBALS (cont)

 Controlled Rotation Range

o Pan: ±360° continuous rotation, Tilt: ±360° continuous rotation, Roll: ±40° – Zenmuse Z15-GH3

o Tilt axis control: -130 ~ +45° – Zenmuse H3-3D

o Pitch: -90° to +30°, Pan: ±320° – Zenmuse X3

WIRELESS LINKS

 Distributor: DJI-Innovations / Feelworld / ImmersionRC

 Frequencies:

o 2.4 Ghz Datalink – DJI Ground Station

o 2.4 Ghz Command & Control/ Video – DJI Lightbridge

o 5.8 Ghz Video – Freeworld PVR1032/ Immersion A/V Tx

 Power Comsumption

o 460mW – DJI Ground Station

o 700mA (Air), 600mA (Ground) – DJI Lightbridge

o 13W - Feelworld

o 3W – Immersion A/V Tx

 Input/Output: FM, RF, Audio, Video, HDMI

 Usable Range: Less than 2 km

FLIGHT BATTERY

 Manufacturers: Various COTS suppliers. Refer to manufacturer data sheets.

 Battery chemistry recommended: Lithium Polymer

 Battery Capacity Minimums (UAS): 

o 16,000 mah – DJI S900
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

o 8,000 mah – DJI S550

o 4,500 mah – DJI Inspire

o 10,000mAh – Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

o Per manuf – Tx/ Rx/ Video

 Battery cell count required: 

o DJI S900 – 6S (6 cells in series)

o DJI S550 – 3S (3 cells in series)

o DJI Inspire - 6S (6 cells in series)

o Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F – 6s (6 cells in series)

o Per manuf. – Tx/ Rx/ Video

 Battery Voltage: 

o DJI S900 – 21V minimum at hover, 22.2V nominal, 25.2V maximum

Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F - 21V minimum at hover, 22.2V nominal, 25.2V maximum

o DJI S550 – 10.4V minimum at hover, 10.5V nominal, 12.6V maximum 

o DJI Inspire – 21V minimum at hover, 22.2V nominal, 25.2 maximum

 Battery Minimum Rated Discharge Rate: 

o DJI S900 – 182.4 Wh

o DJI S550 – 88.8 Wh

o DJI Inspire – 99.9 Wh

o Gryphon Dynamics – 88.8Wh

 Battery Minimum Charge Rate: 0.5C per 1000mah rating 

 Battery Maximum Charge Rate: 1C per 1000mah rating

 Battery Rest Time between discharging and charging: 0-30 minutes

 Batteries used simultaneously: 1-4

 Recommended Battery Discharge Amount: 80-90%

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

 Refer to the specific manuals for complete performance ratings/ operational instructions.

 Never power a video transmitter or receiver without an antenna connected or overload failure will occur.

 LOS is required for all wireless communications

 The higher the GCS antennas, the better the range and reception

 Any wireless communication device may have severe degradation due to proximity to other admitters such as 

cell towers. Pre-flight planning is essential to minimize lost wireless communications during operations.

 Range should be constantly monitored.

 Alternate antenna types may be utilized to improve link/range. (ie: patch, helical, omni, etc.), but shall tested 

prior to commercial operations.

 RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) should be monitored for indication of communication drop out.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

SECTION – 3 OPERATING LIMITATIONS & RESTRICTIONS

AIRSPEED/ MANUVERING LIMITATIONS

 Takeoff is prohibited when winds are in excess of:

o 17 kts – DJI S550/ DJI Inspire

o 22 kts – DJI S900

o 22Kts – Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Vne – Velocity to Never Exceed: 22 m/s

 Vna – Typical Vertical Maneuvering Speed: 13.5 m/s

 Aerobatic maneuvers are prohibited. Aerobatic maneuvers are defined as any maneuver in excess of 30° pitch 

and 60° roll.

 G-loading maximum: 2G

 Negative G’s are prohibited

 Control beyond Line Of Sight (LOS) of either the Pilot or Visual Observer is prohibited

POWER & POWERPLANT LIMITATIONS

 40 Amps max per motor

 15 - 40 Amps max per speed control

 Do not exceed 80% discharge of rated battery capacity

 Do not charge batteries which are warmer than air temperature

 Batteries shall be allowed to cool after use and before charging

 Leave an air gap between batteries when multiple batteries are used simultaneously

WEIGHT LIMITS

 Takeoff Weight Max: 

o 18 lbs – DJI S900

o 5.3lbs – DJI S550

o 6.5lbs – DJI Inspire

o 25lbs – Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

 Weight shall be verified prior to takeoff if any change in equipment is made

CENTER OF GRAVITY (CG) LIMITS

 3mm from the center of any of the three pairs of arms

 CG must be checked before every flight to ensure batteries were installed in the proper location (all arm pairs)
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

TEMPERATURE LIMITS

 UAS (all): -10°C to +40°C

 H3-3D/ GH3: -10°C to +50°C

 X3: 0°C to +40°C

 A2: -5°C to +60°C

 Naza V2: -10°C to +50°C

 IMU: Room temperature if possible before the flight

 Batteries above 5°C before flight

WEATHER LIMITS

 Takeoff when lighting is reported within 5NM is prohibited

 Light dust and light rain require the use of a shield for the electronics in the center section.

 Light dust and light rain are acceptable for the unshielded motor and ESC.

WARNING: UAS shall not be flown in visible moisture when ambient temperatures are at or below 0°C to prevent 

the possibility of blade icing.

WIRELESS LINK

 Wireless links will be stable in LOS (line of sight) in most conditions

 Wireless links are always susceptible to shorter ranges due to:

o Transmission devices in the area

o Atmospheric conditions

o Antennas not aligned properly

o Improper voltage

o Antenna blockage from UAS in certain azimuths or positions

o Multipath – reflection off buildings or ground, which cause multiple signals to arrive at different times 

and/or phase.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

SECTION 4 – PERFORMANCE

UAS KEY PARAMETERS

DJI S900

 Max Takeoff Weight: 18 lbs

 Weight with Zenmuse and flight equipment – no camera, no battery: 10.63 lbs

 Weight of Panasonice camera: 2 lbs

 Max Battery Weight: 5.37 lbs

 Estimated Flight Times using 80% of battery:

 8,000 mah battery: 8.4 min

 10,000 mah battery: 10 min

 12,000 mah battery: 11.7 min

DJI S550

 Max Takeoff Weight: 5.28 lbs

 Weight with Zenmuse and all flight equipment including Go-Pro – no battery: 3.8 lbs

 Max Battery Weight: 1.31 lbs

 Estimated Flight Times using 80% of battery:

 5,000 mah battery: 10.8min

 8,000 mah battery: 11.5min

DJI Inspire

 Max Takeoff Weight: 6.5 ls

 Estimated Flight Times using 90% of battery:

 4,400 mah battery: 18 min

 5,700 mah battery: 18 min

Gryphon Dynamics XQ800F

• Max Takeoff Weight: 25 lbs

• Weight with Zenmuse and flight equipment – no camera, no battery: 10.63 lbs

• Weight of Panasonic camera: 2 lbs

• Max Battery Weight: 5.37 lbs

• Estimated Flight Times using 80% of battery:

• 8,000 mah battery: 8.4 min

• 10,000 mah battery: 10 min

• 12,000 mah battery: 11.7 min
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

Note: Flight times above are averages based on Andersen Ross Photography Inc. tests. Pilots may experience longer 

or shorter flight times based on a variety of factors including but not limited to: mission profile weight, 

environmental conditions, and flying profile. While the above times should be fairly accurate, it is imperative that 

each pilot and visual observer factor all potential conditions into pre-flight planning to minimize risk to persons or 

property.

PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST

1. Map Recon of flying area 

a. Hazards noted

b. Primary and alternate landing areas identified – 5 meter square area minimum

Note: Area must be clear of people and overhead obstacles

c. Flight boundaries defined

d. Flight plan/ shot list developed

e. NOTAM filed 48-72 hours in advance if within controlled airspace

2. Confirm all communication radios are operational

a. Radio with ATC

b. Radios with crewmembers

3. Confirm clear for takeoff with ATC

4. PERFORM CREW BRIEF – Review manual flight plan, or

5. Load auto flight plan if using one

Warning: Total flight time shall be under 10 minutes to avoid low battery

6. Overall UAS condition and security

a. Check structural integrity of: Center plates, arms, motor mounts, blades, landing gear, battery tray

b. Verify connections: Flight controller, FPV, camera, IMU, GCU, GPS, landing gear servos, Tx Receiver, no 

burns on wiring

c. Verify: Arms locked, no screws missing, bushing wear

d. Gimbal: Freedom/ range of movement, binding stop limits

e. Camera: Remove lens cap, lens cleaned, SD card installed and formatted, battery, WB, ISO, Shutter

f. Note: Ensure data on card has been saved to archive disk first!

7. Install batteries

a. Verify battery security to avoid a shift in the Center of Gravity

b. Verify battery voltage fully charged

c. Battery monitor low warning alarm set

8. Check CG (Center of Gravity)

a. Lift the copter on each pairs of arms.

b. Verify CG is within 5mm limits

c. If UAS is out of CG rearrange the equipment so that Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is pointing forward.

9. GPS/Compass installed, limited free play, pointing forward.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

Note: This device must be installed with a screw to hold it in place so that it cannot vibrate easily. 

Warning: If GPS does not point forward, the corrections in ATTI and GPS mode will result in UAS crash. 

10. Position UAS for takeoff – DO NOT power on

11. Verify switch positions on Pilot and Visual Observer Tx

a. Throttle down, 

b. RTH – Off

c. Gain switch – As required

d. Manual Flight Mode Switch to manual (not ATTI or GPS mode)

e. Flight Path Switch Off – Not Course or Home or POI

f. Battery voltage (above 6.5v)

12. Power on Pilot Tx

a. Verify correct UAS selected

b. Verify gains range set from 200 – 350.

c. Countdown timers – 20 mins

Note: Use the highest gains possible but does not cause oscillation.

Note: Timer should engage at 1⁄4 throttle and trigger an alarm at the proper time. This is a backup alarm in case 

the indicator lights on the copter are not visible.

13. Power on Visual Observer Tx

a. Verify camera selection

b. Battery voltage (above 6.5v)

c. HDMI switch Off

d. Freestyle switch Off (FPV On)

14. Engage power to UAS

Note: If using Y-harness it is preferable to connect the batteries to the Y harness first, then engage power.

15. Verify 3 or 6 quick chirps (UAS dependent) confirming LiPoly batteries are recognized by the ESC

Warning: Hearing less than 6 chirps indicates fewer cell battery packs are being recognized which is incorrect. 

Check for improper or damaged batteries.

16. Wait for GPS lock – minimum 6 satellites

Note: Do not move or vibrate the multi-copter until 30 seconds after full GPS Lock

Note: If the GPS takes more than 5 minutes to lock reposition UAS and attempt GPS lock again

17. Check Rx Voltage from both Tx’s (transmitters)

Note: Voltage should be between 4.4v – 6v. 

18. Engage Attitude Mode – Must achieve double amber flash

19. Engage GPS Mode – Must achieve double purple flash

20. Engage Course Lock mode – Must achieve double green flash
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

21. Disengage Course Lock mode – Must achieve double purple flash. 

Note: Stay in this mode until just prior to takeoff, after takeoff at any time, or do not use.

22. Set throttle to center position – Must achieve single purple flash when in GPS mode.

 Use the trim buttons on the transmitter to check that the sticks are centered. 

a. Trim roll to the right, counting the number of clicks until a double flash occurs. 

b. Center roll trim. 

c. Trim to the left, counting the number of clicks until a double flash occurs.

d. Verify equal number of clicks each side of center.

e. Repeat steps a – d to trim Roll, Pitch, Yaw.

f. Note: Step 21 ensures flight controller will recognize all the sticks are neutralized and engage GPS 

mode.

23. Calibrate GPS/Compass.

a. Note: Calibrate shall be done before the first flight each day OR if receiving continuous red blinks or 

continuous white blinks.

b. Flip GPS mode switch 7 times very quickly from manual to GPS ending with the switch in the manual 

position.

c. Verify blue indicator light. 

d. Lift and rotate the UAS 1.5 turns in a horizontal position.

e. Verify green flashing light indicating step C complete.

f. Rotate UAS vertically 1.5 turns

g. Verify white flashing light indicating GPS/Compass calibration complete.

h. Note: Repeat steps a-f if required.

24. Power off UAS then back on with UAS pointed in the correct heading for course lock.

25. Power on Camera, verify operational

26. Power on FPV

a. Verify FPV settings and battery

b. Verify iOSD readings: UAS battery reading, satellites, altitude

Warning: If altitude reading is incorrect and GCU is used for mission, altitude for waypoints will be off by same 

amount. Reset using GCU software as required

27. Verify Gimbal operation

a. Lift UAS arm to approx. 30 degrees, verify gimbal remains aligned with horizon 

28. Power on Goggles (if required)

29. Start video recording
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

NORMAL TAKEOFF

1. Engage GPS mode – double purple flash when the throttle is down.

2. Switch to Course Lock mode if required – Purple flashes replaced with green flashes.

Note: Flying in Course Lock mode is not required, but helpful in many instances.

Note: Flying in Manual mode is not recommended

3. Announce loudly: “CLEAR”

4. Engage the motors. 

a. Within 1 second: Advance the throttle up 1/8 – 1/4. 

Note: The UAS should not lift off until about 1/2 stick is reached.

5. Verify data and video links before lifting off. 

Warning: If anything is not working properly, disengage motors and resolve issue.

6. Announce loudly: “TAKING OFF”

7. Advance throttle to ascent to 3 meters. 

a. Decrease throttle to 1/2 to engage the GPS hold.

b. Verify links, GPS, attitude, purple flash.

c. Verify that the UAS holding position within .5m in all directions.

d. Verify flight controls by moving UAS: Left, Right, Forward, Back, Slight Climb, Descent

e. If using Course Lock mode verify operation by:

i. Rotating UAS 90 degrees 

ii. Forward Pitch control

Warning: If UAS not stable, land and resolve issue

8. Verify camera operation

9. Proceed with manual mission or for autopilot operation

a. Ascend to 10 meters

b. Command Visual Observer to proceed with mission.

Note: Two-way positive transfer shall always be used for mission handoff

Note: Pilot shall monitor the informational LED and be ready to take over in manual mode when necessary.

Warning: White flashes indicate flight controller issue, Amber flashes indicates low battery, Red flashes indicate 

loss of GPS or severe battery condition. If any of these signals appear – Land As Soon As Possible

Warning: 10 seconds or more of loss of GPS signal will stop waypoint guidance and any GPS hold and put UAS in 

manual mode.

Note: Pilot to request copter flight battery voltage readout from Visual Observer periodically.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

LANDING CHECKS / SHUTDOWN

1. Clear landing zone and announce landing prior to touchdown

2. Tilt camera/ sensors up to avoid damage to lens’s

3. Verify landing gear position down

4. Power down immediately upon landing

5. Stop camera/ sensor recording

6. Power down as required: camera, video monitor, goggles, etc.

7. Disconnect UAS from battery (note power used during flight for logbook)

8. Turn off transmitters (note time of flight for logbook)

POST FLIGHT CHECKS

1. Notify ATC when operations are complete (if required)

2. Check UAS motor temperatures. 

Note: Motors, which are excessively hot, should be further inspected and possibly replaced.

3. Check battery temperatures. 

Note: Battery temperatures should only be slightly above ambient temperature, not be hot to the touch. 

4. Inspect UAS for damage or missing parts.

5. Review footage from all cameras.

6. Verify equipment inventory and stow for travel

7. Fill out logbook.

AIRCRAFT FLIGHT & MAINTANENCE LOG BOOKS

All flight operations, to include maintenance test, and training flights shall be documented. Andersen Ross Photography 

Inc. standard electronic form that shall be used to document the following: 

 Date/ Time of day

 Time of flight (in tenth’s of an hour)/ Accumulated hours of operation

 Mission Profile (see codes)

 Repair, alteration, equipment changes (if applicable)

 UAS flown/ UAS serial number

 Battery serial number(s)

 mAh remaining (each battery)

 Pilot, Visual Observer, Sensor Operator, Maintenance Test Pilot Names/ Last 4 of SS# (as applicable)

 Remarks
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

SECTION 5 – EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

MOTOR FAILURE

 Land As Soon As Possible

Note: Hexi-copter operation is possible with one motor/ESC/propeller failure. The two motors adjacent to the failed 

motor/ESC will be increased in thrust automatically by the flight controller to overcome the loss. This may result in 

ampere rating exceedance by remaining motors/ESCs

COMMUNICATION FAILURE

Video Link Failure

 Land As Soon As Practicable

 Ensure GCS station antennas are perpendicular to the UAS. Do not point the antenna at the UAS.

 Yaw the UAS to change the antenna position

Note: Transmitters produce heat when in operation. When overheated they may have thermal protection which 

interrupts use temporarily. Use of a heat sink or fan may be required especially with high ambient temperatures.

Tx/Rx Link Failure

 Initiate Fail Safe Mode – Land As Soon As Possible

 Verify LOS with UAS – walk in the general direction of the UAS

 Ensure Tx antenna is vertical. Do not point the antenna at the UAS.

 If link is restored – Land As Soon As Practicable – verify Rx condition upon landing

Note: Failsafes on the RC link should be set so that the UAS returns to home. If UAS initiates heading change, the 

antenna may move into a more desirable position restoring flight control link. A LRS (long range system) can be 

used as a permanent solution. This is higher in wattage and usually on 433 Mhz.

Data Link Failure

 Attempt to take control of UAS. If UAS does not response to control input – Land As Soon As Possible

 If UAS responds to control inputs – Land As Soon as Practicable
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

Note: Visual Observer shall monitor data link air and ground signal indications at all times. Pilot shall monitor UAS. 

900 Mhz do not lose link without some warning. Do not use 900 Mhz near cell phone towers. 

LOW BATTERY POWER

 Land As Soon As Practicable

Note: Fail-safes should be set such that in the event of low battery power, either due to a failure, or too long of a 

flight, the warning light on the flight control system will constantly flash amber (level 1 warning). Auto landing will 

occur when battery power is low (level 2 warning) which could result in the UAS landing in an undesirable location 

such as a tree or a lake. 

Note: Landing with 80-90% of battery depleted is best. Batteries should always be drawn down equally.

Warning: Do not mix partially charged batteries. Only use completely charged batteries. Over discharging a battery 

can permanently damage the battery and shall be avoided.

GCS FAILURE

 Attempt to take control of UAS

 If UAS does not response to control input – Initiate Fail Safe – Land As Soon As Possible

 If UAS responds to control inputs – Land As Soon as Practicable

COMPASS CALIBRATION ERROR

 Recalibrate Compass

Note: If the compass is out of calibration the warning light will flash red. This is the same signal as low voltage. If the 

voltage is correct, there is a calibration error.

FIRE

 Land As Soon As Possible

 Disconnect the battery ASAP unless doing so would cause injury

Warning: Never attempt to put out a battery fire. Use a CO2 fire extinguisher to put out fires surrounding the 

battery. 

FORCED LANDINGS

 Clear landing zone if possible 

 Loudly Announce landing

Note: Alternate emergency landing zones should be chosen before takeoff.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

SECTION 6 – WEIGHT AND BALANCE

CG

 CG is critical to the efficient operation of any UAS

 Main components typically added to, or removed from a UAS depending on mission profile are the sensors, 

cameras, and batteries.

 Sensors and cameras are typically located at front of the UAS

 Batteries shall be located in a position to offset all other components and maintain CG.

 CG must be tested on the ground and in flight after any addition, removal, or reconfiguration of components 

on the UAS

 Ground tests of CG shall be performed by lifting the UAS with fingers on the opposite bottom arms (ie: 3 and 

9 o’clock position). Check all pairs of arms. The CG should be no more than 5mm off in any on the checks. 

 Flight CG shall be performed after each takeoff and prior to mission flying. Upon takeoff the UAS shall be 

tested for fore aft, sideward, and hover flight to ensure safe operational control can be maintained and drift 

is minimal.

WEIGHT

 Weight is critical to the operation of any aircraft, especially rotor wing aircraft. 

 At full throttle the motors have a finite amount of thrust. As the batteries are operated, they lose power. 

 Do not overload the aircraft or there will not be sufficient reserve power to maneuver at lower battery 

levels.

SECTION 7 - HANDLING, SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE

PROPELLER CARE

 Propellers must be checked each flight for nicks or cracks

 Pay special attention for hairline fractures near the motor hub

 Although propellers are designed to last indefinitely, they shall be replaced during annual inspections as a 

minimum

BATTERY CARE AND USE

 Refer to instruction sheet included from the battery manufacturer.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

 Batteries are highly flammable and can explode, especially when fully charged. Improper charging, vibration, 

impact, high discharge, etc. can lead to explosion and fire. Batteries must be charged under constant 

supervision and using proper precautions.

 Batteries fully charged must be handled with extreme care.

BATTERY CARE AND USE (cont)

 Any battery which “puffs” up is considered damaged and must not be used. It is in a dangerous state.

 Never charge a puffed up battery.

 Any battery which holds less than 80% of its rated capacity should be discarded.

 Cycle test each battery after every 50 cycles, or if a battery is suspected to have lost a significant amount of 

its capacity to determine the current capacity.

 Properly dispose of batteries. Battery shall be fully discharged fully and taken to a recycler such as a home 

improvement store.

 Always charge flight batteries under “balance” mode.

 Flight Battery Maximum Charge Rate: 1C per rated 1000mah. Charge rates higher than 1C will damage the 

battery and pose potential fire hazard. 

 Maximum charge rating per the manufacturer will provide 300+ cycles, although 1000+ cycles are possible.

 Battery Rest Time between discharging and charging: 30 minutes minimum.

 Do not charge if the battery is more than 2°C warmer than ambient, especially if the temperature is above 

20°C. The outer surface is cooler than the inner core after use. Damage will occur when charging a warm 

battery.

 As battery temperature approaches freezing the capacity of Lithium Polymer batteries decrease. Keep 

warmer than 5°C before installing into the UV (unmanned vehicle).

 Recommended Battery Discharge Amount: 80%. Discharging below 80% of the capacity will decrease the life 

cycles. Lower discharge rates improve the life cycles.

 Fully charged batteries that are not to be used within 24 hours of flight shall be discharged and stored to 

40% - 60% charged state using the battery discharger.

 Using more than one battery at a time requires the proper wiring harness so that the voltage is no more 

than 25.2V. Over voltage will cause serious damage to electrical equipment.

PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE

 Quarterly Inspection or at 100 hours, whichever occurs first

 An approved technician shall disassemble the UAS, inspect all components for wear and replace any 

components as required.

 Capacity test of all batteries

 Upgrade firmware and software to latest revisions (more frequently if required)

 Annual inspection or at 500 hours, whichever occurs first
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

 An approved technician shall disassemble the UAS, inspect all components for wear and replace any 

components as required.

 Replace all 8 motors.

 Capacity test all batteries

 Upgrade firmware and software to latest revisions.

SECTION 8 - SUPPLEMENTS

COTS components have been utilized in the construction of all Andersen Ross Photography Inc. All instruction manuals, 

operating handbooks, warning notices, and more are available as separate documents. Components, which may have 

separate documentation, follow. Links to these documents are available on the manufacture website. Print out the

significant documents and keep in a notebook with the copter at all times.

AIRFRAME

AUTOPILOT SYSTEM

BATTERIES

BATTERY CHARGER

CAMERA MANUAL

CAMERA GCS

DATA WIRELESS LINK

GIMBAL CAMERA MOUNT

LAPTOP COMPUTER

MOTORS

ONBOARD REGULATOR

PROPELLERS

RC/MANUAL COMMAND & CONTROL SYSTEM

SPEED CONTROLS (ESCs)

VIDEO CAPTURE HARDWARE

VIDEO CAPTURE SOFTWARE

VIDEO WIRELESS LINK
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

SECTION 9 – CHECKLISTS

SCOPE

This checklist contains the checks to be accomplished during normal and emergency procedures, and detailed 

procedures. These checklists should be printed kept with the Pilot and Visual Observer as they provide steps necessary 

for safe operational flight and data collection. 

NORMAL PROCEDURES

Normal procedures are a condensation of the amplified checklist appearing in the Performance section of the Operators 

Manual. A thru-flight checklist is provided in this section that consist of an asterisked (*) Thru-Flight item. 

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

The requirements of this section of the checklist are drawn from the Emergency Procedures portion of the Operators 

Manual. The underlined items are the steps that must be performed immediately without reference to the checklist.

SYMBOLS PRECEDING NUMBERED STEPS

 * - Indicates performance of steps is mandatory for all thru-flights. Thru-flights are defined as any flight 

that requires the UAS to be powered down and hand carried from one location to another. If the UAS is 

stowed for travel all Normal Procedural steps shall be completed prior to takeoff.

  – Indicates a detailed procedure for this step is located in the performance section of the checklist.

  - Indicates duties which are normally the responsibility of the Visual Observer.

REPORTING ERRORS AND RECOMMENDING IMPROVEMENTS

You can improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or if you know of any way to improve these procedures, please 

let us know. You can send your comments to our email address at: rreid@ivcigroup.com
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

PREFLIGHT CHECKLIST

1. Map Recon of flying area – NOTAM filed

Note: Area must be clear of people and overhead 

obstacles

* 2. Confirm all communication radios are 

operational

3. Confirm clear for takeoff with ATC

4. PERFORM CREW BRIEF – Review manual 

flight plan, or

* 5. Load auto flight plan if using one

Warning: Total flight time shall be under 10 minutes to 

avoid low battery

 6. Overall UAS condition and security

Note: Ensure data on card has been saved to archive 

disk first!

* 7. Install batteries. Set Alarm

* 8. Check CG (Center of Gravity)

9. GPS/Compass installed, limited free play, 

pointing forward.

Warning: If GPS does not point forward, the corrections 

in ATTI and GPS mode will result in UAS crash.

* 10. Position UAS for takeoff – DO NOT power 

on

* 11. Verify switch positions on Pilot and Visual 

Observer Tx

* 12. Power on Pilot Tx 

Note: Use the highest gains possible but does not cause 

oscillation.

Note: Timer should engage at 1⁄4 throttle and trigger an 

alarm at the proper time. This is a backup alarm in case 

the indicator lights on the copter are not visible.

* 13. Power on Visual Observer Tx

* 14. Engage power to UAS

Note: If using Y-harness it is preferable to connect the 

batteries to the Y harness first, then engage power.

* 15. Verify 3 or 6 quick chirps (UAS dependent) 

confirming LiPoly batteries are recognized 

by the ESC

Warning: Hearing less than 6 chirps indicates fewer cell 

battery packs are being recognized which is incorrect. 

Check for improper or damaged batteries.

* 16. Wait for GPS lock – minimum 6 satellites

Note: Do not move or vibrate the multi-copter 

until 30 seconds after full GPS Lock

Note: If the GPS takes more than 5 minutes to 

lock reposition UAS and attempt GPS lock again

* 17. Check Rx Voltage from both Tx’s 

(transmitters)

18. Note: Voltage should be between 4.4v – 6v.

19. Engage Attitude Mode – double amber flash

20. Engage GPS Mode – double purple flash

21. Engage Course Lock mode – double green 

flash

22. Disengage Course Lock mode – double 

purple flash.

Note: Stay in this mode until just prior to takeoff, after 

takeoff at any time, or do not use.

23. Set throttle to center position – single 

purple flash when in GPS mode.

 24. Use the trim buttons on the transmitter to 

check that the sticks are centered.

 25. Calibrate GPS/Compass.

26. Power off UAS then back on with UAS 

pointed in the correct heading for course 

lock.

* 27. Power on Camera, verify operational

* 28. Power on FPV

Warning: If altitude reading is incorrect and GCU is 

used for mission, altitude for waypoints will be off by 

same amount. Reset using GCU software as required

* 29. Verify Gimbal operation

* 30. Power on Goggles (if required)

* 31. Start video recording
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

NORMAL TAKEOFF

* 1. Engage GPS mode – double purple flash when 

the throttle is down.

* 2. Switch to Course Lock mode if required – green 

flashes.

3.

Note: Flying in Course Lock mode is not required, but 

helpful in many instances.

Note: Flying in Manual mode is not recommended

* 4. Announce loudly: “CLEAR”

* 5. Engage the motors. 

6.

Note: The UAS should not lift off until about 1/2 stick is 

reached.

* 7. Verify data and video links before lifting off. 

8.

Warning: If anything is not working properly, disengage 

motors and resolve issue.

* 9. Announce loudly: “TAKING OFF”

* 10. Advance throttle to ascent to 3 meters. 

Warning: If UAS not stable, land and resolve issue

* 11. Verify camera operation

* 12. Proceed with manual mission or for autopilot 

operation

Note: Two-way positive transfer shall always be used for 

mission handoff

Note: Pilot shall monitor the informational LED and be 

ready to take over in manual mode when necessary.

Warning: White flashes indicate flight controller issue, 

Amber flashes indicates low battery, Red flashes indicate 

loss of GPS or severe battery condition. If any of these 

signals appear – Land As Soon As Possible

Warning: 10 seconds or more of loss of GPS signal will 

stop waypoint guidance and any GPS hold and put UAS in 

manual mode.

Note: Pilot to request copter flight battery voltage 

readout from Visual Observer periodically.

LANDING CHECKS / SHUTDOWN

 1. Tilt camera/ sensors up to avoid damage to 

lens’s

2. Verify landing gear position down

3. Power down immediately upon landing

4. Stop camera/ sensor recording

 5. Power down as required: camera, video 

monitor, goggles, etc.

6. Disconnect UAS from battery (note power 

used during flight for logbook)

7. Turn off transmitters (note time of flight for 

logbook)

8. Clear landing zone and announce landing 

prior to touchdown

POST FLIGHT CHECKS

 1. Notify ATC when operations are complete 

(if required)

2. Check UAS motor temperatures. 

a.

Note: Motors, which are excessively hot, should be 

further inspected and possibly replaced.

3. Check battery temperatures.

a.

Note: Battery temperatures should only be slightly 

above ambient temperature, not be hot to the touch.

4. Inspect UAS for damage or missing parts.

5. Review footage from all cameras.

6. Verify equipment inventory and stow for 

travel

7. Fill out the logbook.
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

DJI A2 LED INDICATIONS
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

DJI Naza V2 LED INDICATIONS
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UAV Pilot Operation Handbook

DJI INSPIRE LED INDICATIONS