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[House Report 110-257]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

110th Congress                                            Rept. 110-257
                        HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
 1st Session                                                     Part 1

======================================================================
 
         FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2007

                                _______
                                

                 July 23, 2007.--Ordered to be printed

                                _______
                                

   Mr. Lantos, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, submitted the 
                               following

                              R E P O R T

                        [To accompany H.R. 2844]

      [Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]

  The Committee on Foreign Affairs, to whom was referred the 
bill (H.R. 2844) to promote United States emergency and non-
emergency food and other assistance programs, to promote United 
States agricultural export programs, and for other purposes, 
having considered the same, report favorably thereon with an 
amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do pass.

                           TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                   Page
The Amendment....................................................     2
Summary..........................................................    12
Background and Purpose...........................................    13
Hearings.........................................................    16
Committee Consideration..........................................    17
Votes of the Committee...........................................    17
Committee Oversight Findings.....................................    18
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................    18
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................    18
Performance Goals and Objectives.................................    23
Constitutional Authority Statement...............................    23
New Advisory Committees..........................................    23
Congressional Accountability Act.................................    23
Earmark Identification...........................................    23
Section-by-Section Analysis and Discussion.......................    24
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............    38

                             The Amendment

  The amendment is as follows:
  Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the 
following:

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

  (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Food Security and 
Agricultural Development Act of 2007''.
  (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title and table of contents.
Sec. 2. Findings and purposes.
Sec. 3. Definitions.

   TITLE I--UNITED STATES EMERGENCY AND NON-EMERGENCY FOOD AND OTHER 
                          ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

 Subtitle A--Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954

Sec. 101. United States policy.
Sec. 102. General authority.
Sec. 103. Provision of agricultural commodities.
Sec. 104. Generation and use of currencies by private voluntary 
organizations and cooperatives.
Sec. 105. Levels of assistance.
Sec. 106. Food Aid Consultative Group.
Sec. 107. Administration.
Sec. 108. Assistance for stockpiling and rapid transportation, 
delivery, and distribution of shelf-stable prepackaged foods.
Sec. 109. Administrative provisions.
Sec. 110. Expiration date.
Sec. 111. Authorization of appropriations.
Sec. 112. Coordination and integration of foreign assistance programs.
Sec. 113. Micronutrient fortification programs.
Sec. 114. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program.

           Subtitle B--Related Statutes and Other Provisions

Sec. 121. Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust.
Sec. 122. McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child 
Nutrition Program.
Sec. 123. International disaster assistance under the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961.
Sec. 124. Report on efforts to improve procurement planning.

          TITLE II--UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS

Sec. 201. Export credit guarantee program.
Sec. 202. Market access program.
Sec. 203. Export enhancement program.
Sec. 204. Assistance to address sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to 
trade.
Sec. 205. Foreign market development cooperator program.
Sec. 206. Emerging markets and facility guarantee loan program.
Sec. 207. Food for Progress Act of 1985.

                  TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Technical assistance for specialty crops.
Sec. 302. Support for sanitary and phytosanitary priorities of the 
United States within certain international organizations.
Sec. 303. Technical assistance for the resolution of trade disputes.
Sec. 304. Sense of Congress concerning the Global Crop Diversity Trust.
Sec. 305. Technical and conforming amendments.
Sec. 306. Rule of construction.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSES.

  (a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
          (1) The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization 
        reports, that in 2006, an estimated 850,000,000 people in the 
        world, with 824,000,000 in developing countries, were 
        chronically hungry.
          (2) The largest concentrations of the chronically hungry--an 
        estimated 298,000,000 individuals--are in South Asia, with most 
        of those individuals concentrated in India, where there are an 
        estimated 212,000,000 undernourished individuals, and in sub-
        Saharan Africa, where there are an estimated 206,000,000 hungry 
        people.
          (3) The number of food and humanitarian emergencies has 
        doubled from an average of about 15 per year in the 1980s to 
        more than 30 per year since 2000, due in large part to 
        increasing conflicts, poverty, and natural disasters around the 
        world. Some emergencies are exacerbated by multiple shocks, 
        such as civil wars, recurring droughts, and endemic disease, 
        adding to their complexity and protracting the crises for many 
        years.
          (4) The United Nations reports that progress is being made 
        toward reaching the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the 
        proportion of hungry people in the world by half by 2015. In 
        1990, the proportion of people in the developing countries 
        living with insufficient food was estimated to be 20 percent. 
        By 2003, that percentage declined to 17 percent. However, from 
        1996 to 2006, the absolute number of hungry people increased 
        from 790,000,000 to 850,000,000.
          (5) The number of hungry people in the most seriously 
        affected regions of the world, namely South Asia and sub-
        Saharan Africa, is increasing. In sub-Saharan Africa, in 1990, 
        there were an estimated 169,000,000 chronically-hungry people; 
        in 2003, the number of chronically-hungry people increased to 
        206,000,000.
          (6) The major United States Government response to reducing 
        hunger in developing countries is to provide United States 
        agricultural commodities as food assistance. In fiscal year 
        2006, the United States provided 3,000,000 metric tons of food 
        valued at more than $2,000,000,000 to meet emergency food needs 
        and to support development projects in developing countries.
          (7) In 2006, the United States provided food assistance to 65 
        countries, more than half of which were in sub-Saharan Africa. 
        Approximately $1,200,000,000, or 60 percent of such assistance, 
        was provided as emergency food assistance. The United States 
        Agency for International Development estimates that 50,000,000 
        to 70,000,000 people benefit from United States food assistance 
        programs annually.
          (8)(A) Food assistance contributed by the United States 
        Government has totaled more than $73,000,000,000 since 1946. 
        Over the last decade, the United States has been the single 
        largest donor of international food assistance, with a large 
        proportion of the assistance provided through the United 
        Nations World Food Program and most of that assistance is for 
        emergencies.
          (B) The United States contributed more than 52,000,000 tons 
        of food assistance between 1996 and 2005, more than half of the 
        nearly 100,000,000 tons of food assistance delivered worldwide 
        in this period. In 2006, the United States contributed 
        $1,125,000,000 or about 40 percent of total donor contributions 
        to the World Food Program in that year.
          (9) Private voluntary organizations and cooperatives are 
        critical implementing partners in United States food assistance 
        programs. In addition to assisting people whose lives and 
        livelihoods are endangered due to crises, such organizations 
        and cooperatives help communities that suffer from chronic 
        hunger, delivering technical assistance and training and 
        building local institutional capacity.
          (10)(A) Although the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act 
        of 2002 (Public Law 107-171) called for increased levels of 
        non-emergency food assistance in order to address chronic 
        hunger needs and to have lasting impacts on vulnerable 
        communities, according to the Government Accountability Office, 
        by 2006, non-emergency food assistance programs were reduced to 
        42 percent of their 2001 levels.
          (B) Implementing partner organizations report that due to 
        these reductions, such organizations have been forced to close 
        operations in countries that are prone to emergencies and with 
        populations that suffer from chronic hunger. As a result of 
        such reductions, there is little opportunity to develop new 
        programs that address food insecurity in developing countries.
          (11) Food assistance experts, advocates, and implementers 
        have argued that distributing food commodities alone will not 
        reduce food insecurity. Food assistance needs to be combined 
        with other non-food resources, such as assistance to promote 
        agricultural development, economic growth, and assistance to 
        support education, water, and health programs, to ensure that 
        food assistance has an impact on chronically-hungry people.
          (12) Women play an essential role in promoting food security 
        and production throughout the world. According to the United 
        Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, rural women are 
        responsible for half of the world's food production and produce 
        between 60 and 80 percent of the food in most developing 
        countries.
  (b) Purposes.-- The purposes of this Act are--
          (1) to promote United States emergency and non-emergency food 
        and other assistance programs as described in title I of this 
        Act in an efficient and effective manner; and
          (2) to promote United States agricultural export programs as 
        described in title II of this Act in an efficient and effective 
        manner.

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

   In this Act:
          (1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
        Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development.
          (2) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
        ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
                  (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate.
          (3) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
        Agriculture.

   TITLE I--UNITED STATES EMERGENCY AND NON-EMERGENCY FOOD AND OTHER 
                          ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

 Subtitle A--Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954

SEC. 101. UNITED STATES POLICY.

  Section 2 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691) is amended--
          (1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``chronic'' before 
        ``world''.
          (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
          (3) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
          (4) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
          ``(7) respond to emergency needs and food crises;
          ``(8) implement an effective and efficient food assistance 
        program that incorporates adequate resources for both emergency 
        and non-emergency food assistance programs; and
          ``(9) provide adequate resources for non-emergency food 
        assistance programs to address the causes of chronic hunger and 
        food insecurity, to protect the livelihoods and health of 
        vulnerable populations, to meet the nutritional needs of all 
        members of the community (particularly children), to prevent 
        future hunger related emergencies, and to promote participation 
        in productive activities.''.

SEC. 102. GENERAL AUTHORITY.

  (a) In General.-- Section 201 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721) is amended--
          (1) in paragraph (1), to read as follows:
          ``(1) address famine and food crises and respond to emergency 
        food needs arising from manmade disasters, such as policy-based 
        disasters, economic shocks, and conflict or civil strife, and 
        natural disasters;'';
          (2) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the end;
          (3) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the end and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
          (4) by inserting at the end the following new paragraph:
          ``(7) promote participation in educational, training, and 
        other productive activities.''.
  (b) Technical Amendments.--Such section is further amended--
          (1) by striking ``The President'' and inserting ``(a) Program 
        Required.--The President''; and
          (2) by striking ``Such program'' and inserting the following:
  ``(b) Implementation.--Such program''.

SEC. 103. PROVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.

  (a) Support for Eligible Organizations.--Subsection (e)(1) of section 
202 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 
U.S.C. 1722) is amended--
          (1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
                  (A) by striking ``5 percent nor more than 10 
                percent'' and inserting ``10 percent but not more than 
                12.5 percent'' ; and
                  (B) by striking ``to assist the organizations in'' 
                and inserting ``to provide such organizations financial 
                assistance in order to'';
          (2) in subparagraph (A)--
                  (A) by striking ``establishing'' and inserting 
                ``establish''; and
                  (B) by striking ``and'' at the end;
          (3) in subparagraph (B)--
                  (A) by striking ``meeting'' and inserting ``meet'';
                  (B) by striking ``management, personnel and internal 
                transportation and distribution costs'' and inserting 
                ``management, operational, technical, personnel and 
                other programming costs'';
                  (C) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
                ``; and''; and
          (4) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                  ``(C) improve and implement methodologies for food 
                assistance programs, including needs assessments and 
                monitoring and evaluation.''.
  (b) Streamlined Program Management.--Subsection (h)(3)(B) of such 
section is amended by striking ``Committee on International Relations'' 
and inserting ``Committee on Foreign Affairs''.

SEC. 104. GENERATION AND USE OF CURRENCIES BY PRIVATE VOLUNTARY 
                    ORGANIZATIONS AND COOPERATIVES.

   Subsection (b) of section 203 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1723) is amended by striking ``1 
or more recipient countries'' and inserting ``in 1 or more recipient 
countries''.

SEC. 105. LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

   Subsection (a) of section 204 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1724) is amended--
          (1) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2002 through 2007'' and 
        inserting ``2008 through 2012'';
          (2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``2002 through 2007'' and 
        inserting ``2008 through 2012''; and
          (3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``International Relations'' 
        and inserting ``Foreign Affairs''.

SEC. 106. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

  (a) Sense of Congress on Integrated and Effective Food Assistance.--
Section 205 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954 (7 U.S.C. 1725) is amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections 
        (f) and (g), respectively; and
          (2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following new 
        subsection:
  ``(e) Sense of Congress on Integrated and Effective Food Assistance 
Program.--It is the sense of Congress that the Group should make every 
effort to develop a strategy to achieve a more integrated and effective 
food assistance program.''.
  (b) Report to Congress.--Such section is further amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) (as redesignated 
        by subsection (a)(1)) as subsections (g) and (h), respectively; 
        and
          (2) by inserting after subsection (e) (as added by subsection 
        (a)(2)) the following new subsection:
  ``(f) Report to Congress.--
          ``(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
        the enactment of the Food Security and Agricultural Development 
        Act of 2007, and annually thereafter until December 31, 2012, 
        the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, in close consultation with the Group, shall submit 
        to the appropriate congressional committees a report on efforts 
        taken by the United States Agency for International Development 
        and the Department of Agriculture to develop a strategy under 
        this section to achieve an integrated and effective food 
        assistance program.
          ``(2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term `appropriate congressional committees' 
        means--
                  ``(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  ``(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate.''.
  (c) Termination.--Such section is further amended in subsection (h) 
(as redesignated by subsection (b)(1)) by striking ``2007'' and 
inserting ``2012''.

SEC. 107. ADMINISTRATION.

  (a) Proposals.--Subsection (a)(3) of section 207 of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1726a) is 
amended by striking ``and the conditions that must be met for the 
approval of such proposal''.
  (b) Regulations.--Subsection (c) of such section is amended by 
striking paragraph (3).
  (c) Program Oversight, Monitoring, and Evaluation.--Such section is 
further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
  ``(f) Program Oversight, Monitoring, and Evaluation.--
          ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        the Secretary, shall establish systems to improve, monitor, and 
        evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of assistance 
        provided under this title in order to maximize the impact of 
        such assistance.
          ``(2) Report to congress.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of enactment of Food Security and Agricultural Development 
        Act of 2007, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a report on efforts undertaken to 
        implement paragraph (1).
          ``(3) Government accountability office.--Not later than 270 
        days after the date of the submission of the report under 
        paragraph (2), the Comptroller General of the United States 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a 
        report that--
                  ``(A) reviews and comments on the report under 
                paragraph (2); and
                  ``(B) provides recommendations regarding any 
                additional actions necessary to improve the monitoring 
                and evaluation of assistance provided under this title.
          ``(4) Contracting authority.--In carrying out this 
        subsection, notwithstanding any other provision of law, the 
        Administrator may contract with individuals for personal 
        services, provided that such individuals shall not be regarded 
        as employees of the United States Government for the purpose of 
        any law administered by the Civil Service Commission.
          ``(5) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term `appropriate congressional committees' 
        means--
                  ``(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  ``(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate.''.
  (d) Indirect Support Costs to United Nations World Food Program.--
Such section is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
  ``(g) Indirect Support Costs to United Nations World Food Program.--
          ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
        law, in providing assistance under this title, the 
        Administrator may make contributions to the United Nations 
        World Food Program to the extent that such contributions are 
        made in accordance with the United Nations World Food Program's 
        rules and regulations for indirect cost rates. Prior to making 
        a contribution to the United Nations World Food Program under 
        this subsection, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a report that contains the 
        proposed level of the contribution and the reasons for such 
        proposed level.
          ``(2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this 
        subsection, the term `appropriate congressional committees' 
        means--
                  ``(A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  ``(B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate.''.

SEC. 108. ASSISTANCE FOR STOCKPILING AND RAPID TRANSPORTATION, 
                    DELIVERY, AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELF-STABLE 
                    PREPACKAGED FOODS.

   Subsection (f) of section 208 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1726b) is amended by striking 
``2007'' and inserting ``2012''.

SEC. 109. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.

  (a) Prepositioning.--Subsection (c)(4) of section 407 of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 
1736a) is amended--
          (1) by striking ``Funds'' and inserting:
                  ``(A) In general.--Funds'';
          (2) by striking ``2007'' and inserting ``2012'';
          (3) by striking ``, except that for each such fiscal year not 
        more than $2,000,000 of such funds may be used to store 
        agricultural commodities for prepositioning in foreign 
        countries''; and
          (4) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                  ``(B) Additional prepositioning sites.--
                          ``(i) Feasibility assessment.--On or after 
                        the date of the enactment of the Food Security 
                        and Agricultural Development Act of 2007, the 
                        Administrator is authorized to carry out 
                        assessments for the establishment of not less 
                        than two sites to determine the feasibility of 
                        and costs associated with using such sites for 
                        the purpose of storing and handling 
                        agricultural commodities for prepositioning in 
                        foreign countries.
                          ``(ii) Establishment of sites.--Based on the 
                        results of the assessments carried out under 
                        clause (i), the Administrator is authorized to 
                        establish additional sites for prepositioning 
                        in foreign countries.
                          ``(iii) Authorization of appropriations.--To 
                        carry out this subparagraph, there are 
                        authorized to be appropriated to the 
                        Administrator such sums as may be necessary for 
                        each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012.''.
  (b) Annual Reports.--Subsection (f) of such section is amended--
          (1) in paragraph (2)--
                  (A) in subparagraph (B), by adding at the end before 
                the semicolon the following: ``, and the amount of 
                funds, tonnage levels, and types of activities for non-
                emergency food assistance programs under title II of 
                this Act'';
                  (B) in subparagraph (C), by adding at the end before 
                the semicolon the following: ``, and a general 
                description of the projects and activities 
                implemented''; and
                  (C) by amending subparagraph (D) to read as follows:
                  ``(D) an assessment of the progress toward reducing 
                food insecurity in the populations receiving food 
                assistance from the United States.''; and
          (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``January 15'' and 
        inserting ``March 1''.

SEC. 110. EXPIRATION DATE.

   Section 408 of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act 
of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1736b) is amended by striking ``2007'' and inserting 
``2012''.

SEC. 111. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  Subsection (a) of section 412 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1736f) is amended to read as 
follows:
  ``(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--
          ``(1) In general.--For each of the fiscal years 2008 through 
        2012, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
        President--
                  ``(A) such sums as may be necessary to carry out the 
                concessional credit sales program established under 
                title I;
                  ``(B) $2,500,000,000 to carry out the emergency and 
                non-emergency food assistance programs under title II ; 
                and
                  ``(C) such sums as may be necessary to carry out the 
                grant program established under title III.
          ``(2) Minimum level of non-emergency food assistance.--For 
        each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012, of the amounts made 
        available to carry out emergency and non-emergency food 
        assistance programs under title II, not less than $600,000,000 
        for each such fiscal year shall be obligated and expended for 
        non-emergency food assistance programs under title II.
          ``(3) Reimbursement.--For each of the fiscal years 2008 
        through 2012, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums 
        as may be necessary to make payments to the Commodity Credit 
        Corporation to the extent the Commodity Credit Corporation is 
        not reimbursed under the programs under this Act for the actual 
        costs incurred or to be incurred by such Corporation in 
        carrying out such programs.
          ``(4) Availability.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to the 
        authorization of appropriations under this subsection are--
                  ``(A) authorized to remain available until expended; 
                and
                  ``(B) in addition to funds otherwise available for 
                such purposes.''.

SEC. 112. COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

  (a) In General.--Section 413 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1736g) is amended--
          (1) by striking the first sentence and inserting the 
        following: ``The Administrator shall, to the maximum extent 
        practicable, coordinate and integrate assistance to a foreign 
        country provided under title III with other United States 
        development assistance programs and objectives provided under 
        chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
        U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), including assistance to combat HIV/AIDS, 
        tuberculosis, and malaria, assistance for child and maternal 
        health, assistance for education, and assistance for 
        agricultural development and economic growth. Such assistance 
        shall also be coordinated and integrated with other United 
        States foreign assistance programs, such as the Millennium 
        Challenge Account. Such assistance shall also be coordinated 
        and integrated with the overall development strategy of the 
        recipient country, including the poverty reduction strategy of 
        the recipient country, and in the recipient country with other 
        donors, including international and regional organizations and 
        other donor countries.''; and
          (2) by striking ``Special emphasis should be placed on'' and 
        inserting ``Special consideration should be given to''
  (b) Conforming Amendment.--The heading for such section is amended by 
inserting ``and integration'' after 
``coordination''.

SEC. 113. MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION PROGRAMS.

  (a) Purpose.--Subsection (a)(2)(C) of section 415 of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1736g-2) is 
amended--
          (1) by striking ``using the same mechanism that was used to 
        assess the micronutrient fortification program in'' and 
        inserting ``utilizing recommendations from''; and
          (2) by striking ``with funds from the Bureau for Humanitarian 
        Response of the United States Agency for International 
        Development'' and inserting ``with implementation by an 
        independent entity with proven impartiality and a mechanism 
        that incorporates the range of stakeholders implementing 
        programs under title II of this Act as well as other food 
        assistance industry experts''.
  (b) Termination of Authority.--Subsection (d) of such section is 
amended by striking ``2007'' and inserting ``2012''.

SEC. 114. JOHN OGONOWSKI AND DOUG BEREUTER FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM.

  (a) Minimum Funding.--Subsection (d) of section 501 of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 
1737) is amended by striking ``2002 through 2007'' and inserting ``2008 
through 2012''.
  (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Subsection (e)(1) of such 
section is amended by striking ``2002 through 2007'' and inserting 
``2008 through 2012''.

           Subtitle B--Related Statutes and Other Provisions

SEC. 121. BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST.

  (a) In General.--Subsection (a) of section 302 of the Bill Emerson 
Humanitarian Trust Act (7 U.S.C. 1736f-1) is amended by inserting after 
``metric tons'' the following: ``, an amount of funds equivalent to 
4,000,000 metric tons of commodities, or any combination of commodities 
and funds equivalent to 4,000,000 metric tons''.
  (b) Commodities or Funds in Trust.--Subsection (b)(2)(B)(i) of such 
section is amended--
          (1) by striking ``2000 through 2007'' each place it appears 
        and inserting ``2008 through 2012''; and
          (2) by striking ``$20,000,000'' and inserting 
        ``$60,000,000''.
  (c) Termination of Authority.--Subsection (h) of such section is 
amended in paragraphs (1) and (2) by striking ``2007'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``2012''.

SEC. 122. MCGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD 
                    NUTRITION PROGRAM.

  (a) Administration of Program.--Section 3107 of the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 1736o-1) is amended--
          (1) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
        by striking ``The President shall designate 1 or more Federal 
        agencies to'' and inserting ``The Secretary shall'';
          (2) in subsection (f)(2), in the matter preceding 
        subparagraph (A), by striking ``implementing agency'' and 
        inserting ``Secretary''; and
          (3) in subsections (c)(2)(B), (f)(1), (h)(1) and (2), and 
        (i), by striking ``President'' each place it appears and 
        inserting ``Secretary''.
  (b) Funding.--Subsection (l) of such section is amended--
          (1) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the 
        following:
          ``(1) Use of commodity credit corporation funds.--Of the 
        funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall 
        use to carry out this section--
                  ``(A) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
                  ``(B) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
                  ``(C) $220,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
                  ``(D) $260,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
                  ``(E) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2012.'';
          (2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (2); and
          (3) in paragraph (2) (as redesignated by paragraph (2)), by 
        striking ``any Federal agency implementing or assisting'' and 
        inserting ``the Department of Agriculture or any other Federal 
        department or agency assisting''.

SEC. 123. INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE UNDER THE FOREIGN 
                    ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961.

  (a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
President, acting through the Administrator, should exercise the 
President's authority under section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2292) to purchase and to distribute to a recipient 
country agricultural commodities produced--
          (1) in the recipient country, or
          (2) in developing countries in the region of the recipient 
        country,
for the purposes of famine prevention and relief.
  (b) Availability of Funding for Famine Prevention and Relief.--For 
each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012, of the amounts made 
available to carry out section 491 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961, not less than $40,000,000 for each such fiscal year shall be made 
available for the purposes of famine prevention and relief under such 
section.

SEC. 124. REPORT ON EFFORTS TO IMPROVE PROCUREMENT PLANNING.

  (a) Report Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator and the Secretary shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on efforts taken 
by both the United States Agency for International Development and the 
Department of Agriculture to improve planning for food and 
transportation procurement, including efforts to eliminate bunching of 
food purchases.
  (b) Contents.--The report required under subsection (a) should 
include, among other things, a description of efforts taken to--
          (1) improve coordination of food purchases by the United 
        States Agency for International Development and the Department 
        of Agriculture;
          (2) increase flexibility in procurement schedules;
          (3) increase utilization of historical analyses and 
        forecasting; and
          (4) improve and streamline legal claims processes for 
        resolving transportation disputes.

          TITLE II--UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS

SEC. 201. EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAM.

  (a) Repeal of Supplier Credit Guarantee Program and Intermediate 
Export Credit Guarantee Program.--
          (1) Repeals.--Section 202 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 
        1978 (7 U.S.C. 5622) is amended--
                  (A) in subsection (a)--
                          (i) in paragraph (1), by striking ``(1)'' and 
                        all that follows through ``The Commodity'' and 
                        inserting ``The Commodity''; and
                          (ii) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3);
                  (B) by striking subsections (b) and (c); and
                  (C) by redesignating subsections (d) through (l) as 
                subsections (b) through (j), respectively.
          (2) Conforming amendments.--Such section is further amended--
                  (A) in subsection (b)(4) (as redesignated by 
                paragraph (1)(C)), by striking ``, consistent with the 
                provisions of subsection (c)'';
                  (B) in subsection (d) (as redesignated by paragraph 
                (1)(C))--
                          (i) by striking ``(1)'' and all that follows 
                        through ``The Commodity'' and inserting ``The 
                        Commodity''; and
                          (ii) by striking paragraph (2); and
                  (C) in subsection (g)(2) (as redesignated by 
                paragraph (1)(C)), by striking ``subsections (a) and 
                (b)'' and inserting ``subsection (a)''.
  (b) Process and High-Value Products.--Section 202 of such Act (7 
U.S.C. 5622) is amended in paragraph (1) of subsection (i) (as 
redesignated by subsection (a)(1)(C)) by striking ``2007'' and 
inserting ``2012''.
  (c) Export Credit Guarantee Programs.--Subsection (b) of section 211 
of such Act (7 U.S.C. 5641) is amended to read as follows:
  ``(b) Export Credit Guarantee Programs.--The Commodity Credit 
Corporation shall make available, to the maximum extent practicable, 
for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 not less than $5,500,000,000 
in credit guarantees under section 202(a).''.

SEC. 202. MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM.

  (a) Organic Commodities.--Subsection (a) of section 203 of the 
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5623) is amended by inserting 
after ``agricultural commodities'' the following: ``(including 
commodities that are organically produced (as defined in section 2103 
of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6502)))''.
  (b) Funding.--Subsection (c)(1)(A) of section 211 of such Act (7 
U.S.C. 5641) is amended by striking ``, and $200,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2006 and 2007'' and inserting ``$200,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 2006 and 2007, and $225,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
2008 through 2012''.

SEC. 203. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM.

   Subsection (e) of section 301 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 
(7 U.S.C. 5651) is amended by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the 
following:
          ``(1) In general.--The Commodity Credit Corporation shall 
        make available to carry out the program established under this 
        section not more than $478,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        2008 through 2012.''.

SEC. 204. ASSISTANCE TO ADDRESS SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY BARRIERS TO 
                    TRADE.

  Title III of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5651 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 304. ASSISTANCE TO ADDRESS SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY BARRIERS 
                    TO TRADE.

  ``(a) Assistance Authorized.--The Secretary is authorized to enter 
into contracts with technical experts and scientists, or provide grants 
to appropriate entities, as determined by the Secretary, to address 
sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical barriers to the export of United 
States agricultural commodities, including meat, poultry, and specialty 
crops, by--
          ``(1) contracting with technical experts and scientists 
        outside of the Federal government to address sanitary and 
        phytosanitary issues, and other issues regarding technical 
        barriers, involving agricultural commodities and the products 
        of such agricultural commodities; and
          ``(2) commissioning targeted outside scientific reports on 
        sanitary and phytosanitary issues, and other issues regarding 
        technical barriers, involving agricultural commodities and the 
        products of such agricultural commodities.
  ``(b) Targeted Trade Issues.--Projects funded under this section may 
include projects relating to the acceptance by foreign markets of--
          ``(1) antimicrobial treatments;
          ``(2) wood-packaging material;
          ``(3) irradiation;
          ``(4) biotechnology;
          ``(5) science-based maximum residue level standards;
          ``(6) testing procedures and controls for mycotoxins;
          ``(7) labeling; and
          ``(8) shelf life.
  ``(c) Funding.--
          ``(1) Commodity credit corporation.--The Secretary shall use 
        the funds, facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit 
        Corporation to carry out this section.
          ``(2) Funding amount.--The Secretary shall use, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, $2,000,000 of the funds of the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out this section for each 
        of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.''.

SEC. 205. FOREIGN MARKET DEVELOPMENT COOPERATOR PROGRAM.

  (a) Foreign Market Development Cooperator Program.--Subsection (c) of 
section 702 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5722) is 
amended by striking ``Committee on International Relations'' and 
inserting ``Committee on Foreign Affairs''.
  (b) Funding.--Section 703 of such Act (7 U.S.C. 5723) is amended--
          (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``2002 through 2007'' and 
        inserting ``2008 through 2012''; and
          (2) in subsection (b), by striking ``2001'' and inserting 
        ``2007''.

SEC. 206. EMERGING MARKETS AND FACILITY GUARANTEE LOAN PROGRAM.

  (a) Promotion of Agricultural Exports to Emerging Markets.--
Subsections (a) and (d)(1)(A)(i) of section 1542 of the Food, 
Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note; 
Public Law 101-624) is amended by striking ``2007'' each place it 
appears and inserting ``2012''.
  (b) Facility Guarantee Loan Program.--Such section is further 
amended--
          (1) in subsection (b)--
                  (A) in the first sentence, by redesignating 
                paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
                respectively, and adjusting the margins accordingly;
                  (B) by striking ``A portion'' and inserting the 
                following:
          ``(1) In general.--A portion'';
                  (C) in the second sentence--
                          (i) by striking ``The Commodity Credit 
                        Corporation'' and inserting the following:
          ``(2) Priority.--The Commodity Credit Corporation''; and
                          (ii) by moving the margins of subparagraphs 
                        (A) and (B) two ems to the right; and
                  (D) by adding at the end the following:
          ``(3) Initial payment.--The Secretary may require an initial 
        down payment, upon such terms as the Secretary may determine, 
        by the beneficiary of the credit guarantee as a condition of 
        providing a credit guarantee under this subsection.
          ``(4) Maximum liability.--The liability of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation under a guarantee provided pursuant to this 
        section may not exceed 98 percent of--
                  ``(A) the principal amount involved in the underlying 
                financial arrangement for construction of the facility; 
                and
                  ``(B) the interest on the outstanding principal 
                amount at the rate specified in the underlying 
                financial arrangement for construction of the facility.
          ``(5) Term of guarantee.--A facility payment guarantee under 
        this subsection shall be for a term that is not more than the 
        lesser of--
                  ``(A) the term of the depreciation schedule of the 
                facility assisted; or
                  ``(B) a maximum period, as determined by the 
                Secretary.''.

SEC. 207. FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT OF 1985.

  (a) Provision of Eligible Commodities to Developing Countries.--
Subsection (f)(3) of the Food for Progress Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1736o; 
section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985) is amended by striking 
``1996 through 2007'' and inserting ``2008 through 2012''.
  (b) Minimum Tonnage.--Subsection (g) of such Act is amended--
          (1) by striking ``400,000'' and inserting ``500,000''; and
          (2) by striking ``2002 through 2007'' and inserting ``2008 
        through 2012''.
  (c) Report.--Subsection (j)(3) of such Act is amended by inserting 
``and the Committee on Foreign Affairs'' after ``Committee on 
Agriculture'' the first place such term appears.
  (d) Effective and Termination Dates.--Subsection (k) of such Act is 
amended by striking ``2007'' and inserting ``2012''.
  (e) Administrative Expenses.--Subsection (l)(1) of such Act is 
amended by striking ``1996 through 2007'' and inserting ``2008 through 
2012''.
  (f) Program Management.--Subsection (n)(2)(C) of such Act is amended, 
by striking ``Committee on International Relations'' and inserting 
``Committee on Foreign Affairs''.

                  TITLE III--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR SPECIALTY CROPS.

  (a) Additional Requirements.--Section 3205 of the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5680) is amended--
          (1) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
          (2) by inserting after subsection (c) the following new 
        subsection:
  ``(d) Additional Requirements.--
          ``(1) Maximum award.--The maximum amount of assistance 
        provided annually to a project under the program shall be 
        $500,000.
          ``(2) Project duration.--The Secretary may extend a project 
        under the program irrespective of the initial estimated 
        duration of the project.''.
  (b) Funding.--Such section is further amended in subsection (e) (as 
redesignated by subsection (a)(1)), to read as follows:
  ``(e) Funding.--
          ``(1) Commodity credit corporation.--The Secretary shall use 
        the funds, facilities, and authorities of the Commodity Credit 
        Corporation to carry out this section.
          ``(2) Funding amount.--The Secretary shall make available the 
        following amounts of the funds of, or an equal value of 
        commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit Corporation, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, for the following fiscal years to 
        carry out this section:
                  ``(A) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
                  ``(B) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
                  ``(C) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.
                  ``(D) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 
                through 2015.''.

SEC. 302. SUPPORT FOR SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY PRIORITIES OF THE 
                    UNITED STATES WITHIN CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL 
                    ORGANIZATIONS.

  (a) Support Authorized.--The Secretary of Agriculture is authorized 
to enhance United States support for international organizations, 
including international organizations described in subsection (b), that 
establish international standards regarding food, food safety, plants, 
and animals by funding additional positions of associate professional 
officers to address sanitary and phytosanitary priorities of the United 
States within such international organizations. The Secretary shall 
carry out this subsection pursuant to the authority of the Secretary 
under section 1458(a)(3) of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 (7 
U.S.C. 3291(a)(3)).
  (b) International Organizations Described.--The international 
organizations referred to in subsection (a) are the Food and 
Agriculture Organization, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the 
International Plant Protection Convention, and the World Organization 
for Animal Health.

SEC. 303. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE RESOLUTION OF TRADE DISPUTES.

  (a) Technical Assistance Authorized.--The Secretary of Agriculture is 
authorized to provide monitoring, analytic support, and other technical 
assistance to limited-resource persons and organizations associated 
with agricultural trade (as determined by the Secretary) to address 
unfair trade practices of foreign countries, including intellectual 
property right violations, and to reduce trade barriers.
  (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary such sums as 
may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

SEC. 304. SENSE OF CONGRESS CONCERNING THE GLOBAL CROP DIVERSITY TRUST.

  (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
          (1) Crop diversity--the natural diversity exhibited in the 
        array of varieties in every crop--is one of the world's least 
        recognized, but most valuable resources. It provides the 
        genetic building blocks for adapting crops to constantly 
        evolving pests, diseases, and changing climates. Without crop 
        diversity, agriculture cannot retain current productivity 
        levels and cannot meet anticipated future challenges associated 
        with population growth and global warming.
          (2) Currently, much of the world's crop diversity is neither 
        safely conserved, nor readily available to scientists and 
        farmers who rely on it to safeguard agricultural productivity.
          (3) The Global Crop Diversity Trust, an independent 
        organization created by the United Nations Food and 
        Agricultural Organization in conjunction with the 2001 
        International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, is the only 
        organization working globally to solve the problem of 
        protecting crop diversity. The Global Crop Diversity Trust 
        became a legal entity at the end of 2004, but has already 
        raised $135,000,000 from a broad alliance of partners, 
        including developed and developing countries, private 
        corporations, and philanthropic foundations, including a joint 
        initiative with the United Nations Foundation funded by The 
        Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
          (4) The United States was an early supporter of the Global 
        Crop Diversity Trust, and has so far contributed $6,500,000 to 
        the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Robust involvement of the 
        United States in the Global Crop Diversity Trust ensures 
        significant benefits to United States farmers.
  (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the 
President should provide significant United States financial resources 
to the Global Crop Diversity Trust to ensure the conservation of crop 
diversity which can yield significant benefits to United States 
farmers.

SEC. 305. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

  Subsection (a) of section 3206 of the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5603a) is amended by striking 
``Committee on International Relations'' and inserting ``Committee on 
Foreign Affairs''.

SEC. 306. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

  Nothing in this Act or any amendment made by this Act shall be 
construed to supersede the provisions of the Trade Sanctions Reform and 
Export Enhancement Act of 2000 (22 U.S.C. 7201 et seq.).

                                Summary

    The ``Food Security and Agricultural Development Act of 
2007'' amends various statutes related to international food 
assistance and agricultural export promotion programs. There 
are three titles to this Act. Title I amends the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by: updating the 
purposes of the program to provide emergency and non-emergency 
food assistance to developing countries within the overall 
framework of reducing food insecurity; establishing a stable 
funding level for non-emergency food assistance that reduces 
food insecurity; providing sufficient funding to support needs 
assessments and program management and implementation; and 
expanding the authority for monitoring and evaluating emergency 
and non-emergency food assistance programs. Title II amends the 
Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 and other statutes related to 
agricultural export promotion programs and export credit 
guarantee programs. Title III contains provisions that are 
designed to address technical assistance for specialty crops 
and the resolution of trade disputes, as well as enhance 
support for international trade standards.

                         Background and Purpose

    The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization 
estimates that in 2006, approximately 850 million people in the 
world were chronically hungry, with 824 million of them in 
developing countries. The largest concentrations of the 
chronically hungry--an estimated 298 million--are in South 
Asia, particularly in India where 212 million are 
undernourished. In Sub-Saharan Africa an estimated 206 million 
people are chronically hungry. The number of food and 
humanitarian emergencies has doubled from an average of about 
15 per year in the 1980s to more than 30 per year since 2000, 
due in large part to increasing conflicts, poverty, and natural 
disasters around the world. Some emergencies are exacerbated by 
multiple shocks, such as civil wars, recurring droughts, and 
endemic disease, adding to their complexity and protracting the 
crises for many years.
    The United Nations reports that progress is being made 
toward reaching the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the 
proportion of hungry people in the world by half by 2015. In 
1990, the proportion of people in the developing countries 
living with insufficient food was estimated to be 20 percent. 
By 2003, that percentage had declined to 17 percent. However, 
from 1996 to 2006, the absolute number of hungry people 
increased from 790 to 850 million. The number of hungry people 
in the most seriously affected regions of the world, namely 
South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, is increasing. In Sub-
Saharan Africa, in 1990, an estimated 169 million people were 
chronically hungry; in 2003, the number of chronically hungry 
increased to 206 million.
    The major United States Government response to reducing 
hunger in developing countries is to provide U.S. agricultural 
commodities as food assistance. In fiscal year 2006, the United 
States provided 3 million metric tons of food valued at more 
than $2 billion to meet emergency food needs and to support 
development projects in developing countries. In 2006, the 
United States provided food assistance to 65 countries, more 
than half of them in Sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately $1.2 
billion, or 60 percent of such assistance, was for emergencies. 
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) 
estimates that 50 to 70 million people benefit from United 
States food assistance programs annually. Food assistance 
contributed by the United States Government has totaled more 
than $73 billion since 1946. Over the last decade, the United 
States has been the single largest donor of international food 
assistance, with a large proportion of the assistance provided 
through the United Nations World Food Program for the purpose 
of addressing emergencies. The United States contributed more 
than 52 million tons of food assistance between 1996 and 2005, 
more than half of the nearly 100 million tons of food 
assistance delivered worldwide in this period. In 2006, the 
United States contributed $1.125 billion, or about 40 percent 
of total donor contributions to the World Food Program that 
year.
    The Committee notes that private voluntary organizations 
and cooperatives are critical implementing partners in United 
States food assistance programs. In addition to assisting 
people whose lives and livelihoods are endangered due to 
crises, these organizations help communities that suffer from 
chronic hunger, integrating food assistance with technical 
assistance and training, and building local institutional 
capacity, thereby decreasing malnutrition among children and 
increasing household incomes and food supplies.
    The Committee understands that the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-171) called for 
increased levels of non-emergency food assistance in order to 
address chronic hunger needs and to ensure a long-term impact 
on vulnerable communities. However, by 2006, non-emergency food 
assistance programs were reduced to 42 percent of their 2001 
levels. The Committee believes that these reductions have 
seriously impeded the United States' ability to effectively 
address food insecurity in the developing world.
    The Committee strongly encourages USAID to increase 
financial, technical, and other assistance for non-emergency 
food needs. The Committee also believes that food assistance 
needs to be combined with other non-food resources, such as 
assistance to communities affected by HIV/AIDS and to promote 
agricultural development, economic growth, and education, as 
well as water and health programs, in order to mitigate the 
underlying causes of chronic hunger.
    U.S. agricultural commodities have been the backbone of the 
U.S. international food assistance programs since the creation 
of the P.L. 480 program in the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954. The Committee believes that the 
success of U.S. international food assistance programs stems 
from the combination of the American people's compassion and 
generosity and the private organizations and the companies that 
make it work. The Committee notes that the unparalleled 
dedication and productivity of U.S. farmers, processors, and 
other groups that administer, transport, and distribute food 
assistance is the basis for why Congress and the Executive 
Branch have sustained strong funding levels for these programs.
    America's farmers also deserve our continued support 
through increased assistance to promote U.S. agricultural 
commodities overseas. Farm income and agriculture's economic 
well-being depend heavily on exports, which account for more 
than 25 percent of U.S. producers' cash receipts, provide jobs 
for nearly one million Americans, and make a positive 
contribution to our nation's overall trade balance. The 
Committee understands that the U.S. Department of Agriculture 
estimates that U.S. agriculture exports are projected to be $78 
billion in fiscal year 2007, up $9.3 billion over last year and 
up $25 billion since 2002. The Committee is aware that this is 
the second largest increase on record and the fourth 
consecutive year of record exports. While these are impressive 
gains, expanded and comprehensive assistance to U.S. farmers is 
critical if we want to expand access to overseas markets, where 
95 percent of the world's consumers live.
    The ``Food Security and Agricultural Development Act of 
2007'':
    (1) Increases P.L. 480 Title II funds that may be made 
available to support eligible organizations from not less than 
5 and not more than 10 percent, to not less than 10 but no more 
than 12.5 percent of total P.L. 480 Title II funds, and allow 
such assistance to be used for improving and implementing 
methodologies such as needs assessments and monitoring and 
evaluation, and to meet specific administrative, management, 
operational, and other programming costs for carrying out P.L. 
480 Title II food assistance programs.
    (2) Reauthorizes requirements related to commodity tonnage 
levels for emergency and non-emergency P.L. 480 Title II food 
assistance programs through 2012.
    (3) Reauthorizes the Food Aid Consultative Group through 
2012 and directs the Administrator of USAID to consult with the 
Group in developing a strategy to achieve a more integrated and 
effective food assistance program and to report to Congress 
within 180 days on efforts to develop such strategy.
    (4) Modifies administrative procedures for the submission 
and review of P.L. 480 Title II proposals.
    (5) Requires the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Secretary, to establish a system to improve monitoring and 
evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of P.L. 480 Title 
II food assistance programs, requires a report to Congress on 
efforts to implement the requirement to establish such system 
in 180 days, and requires the GAO to submit a report to 
Congress within 270 days after the Administrator's report is 
submitted with its reviews and comments on USAID's report to 
Congress and recommendations to improve monitoring and 
evaluation of P.L. 480 Title II food assistance programs.
    (6) Authorizes the Administrator to use P.L. 480 Title II 
funds to make contributions to the World Food Program for 
indirect support costs, provided that the level and reasons are 
first submitted to Congress.
    (7) Reauthorizes the P.L. 480 Title II Assistance for 
Stockpiling, and Rapid Transportation, Delivery, and 
Distribution of Shelf-Stable Prepackaged Foods Program through 
2012.
    (8) Extends the P.L. 480 authority to preposition U.S. 
agricultural commodities in foreign countries through 2012, 
removes the $20 million limitation for prepositioning in 
foreign countries, and authorizes the Administrator of USAID to 
expand the number of prepositioning sites in foreign countries.
    (9) Changes the due date for USAID annual reports on food 
assistance from January 15 to March 1, and requires more 
information in such reports about the levels and types of 
assistance provided and program impact.
    (10) Authorizes appropriations for such sums as needed for 
P.L. 480 Title I and Title III food assistance programs through 
2012; authorizes $2.5 billion for P.L. 480 Title II programs 
through 2012; and of the amounts made available for P.L. 480 
Title II, requires not less than $600 million for each fiscal 
year shall be obligated and expended for non-emergency food 
assistance programs.
    (11) Requires USAID to coordinate and integrate non-
emergency food assistance programs under P.L. 480 Title III 
with other U.S. development and foreign assistance objectives, 
with the poverty reduction strategies and development 
objectives of assistance recipient countries, and with 
assistance provided by international and regional organizations 
and other donor countries.
    (12) Extends the Micronutrient Fortification Program for 
P.L. 480 Title II commodities through 2012.
    (13) Extends the authorization of the John Ogonowski and 
Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program through 2012.
    (14) Reauthorizes the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust 
through 2012 and increases the amount of reimbursed funds that 
can be held in the trust to $60 million from $20 million.
    (15) Authorizes mandatory funding for the McGovern-Dole 
International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program 
with $140 million for fiscal year 2008 and increasing in $40 
million increments each subsequent year through fiscal year 
2012, and authorizes the Secretary, rather than the President, 
to administer the program.
    (16) Requires the Administrator of USAID to exercise its 
current authority under section 491 of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 to purchase food locally and regionally. Of the 
amounts appropriated for section 491, the bill authorizes $40 
million for famine prevention and relief.
    (17) Requires USAID and the Department of Agriculture to 
report on efforts taken to improve planning for food and 
transportation procurement.
    (18) Repeals the Supplier Credit Guarantee Program and the 
Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103 program).
    (19) Reauthorizes $5.5 billion for other export credit 
guarantee programs through 2012.
    (20) Reauthorizes the Market Access Program through 2012 at 
the Administration's requested level of $225 million for U.S. 
agricultural commodities.
    (21) Reauthorizes the Export Enhancement Program through 
2012 at the current spending level of $478 million.
    (22) Creates a new program to address international 
sanitary and phytosanitary issues for U.S. agricultural 
commodities.
    (23) Extends the authorization of the Foreign Market 
Development Cooperator Program through 2012.
    (24) Reauthorizes the Emerging Market and Facility 
Guarantee Loan Program through 2012.
    (25) Reauthorizes the Food for Progress program through 
2012 and raises the minimum level from 400,000 metric tons to 
500,000 metric tons.
    (26) Reauthorizes $2 million for a program to provide 
technical assistance for specialty crops through 2012.
    (27) Authorizes the Department of Agriculture to enhance 
U.S. support for international standard setting organizations 
that address sanitary and phytosanitary issues.
    (28) Authorizes such sums for technical assistance for the 
resolution of trade disputes.

                                Hearings

    In the 110th Congress, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, 
Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health held a hearing 
entitled, ``International Food Aid Programs: Options to Enhance 
Effectiveness,'' on May 24, 2007. The Subcommittee heard 
testimony from William Hammink, Director of the Office of Food 
for Peace at the U.S. Agency for International Development; 
Thomas Melito, Director, International Affairs and Trade at the 
U.S. Government Accountability Office; Annemarie Reilly, Chief 
of Staff at Catholic Relief Services; and David Evans, Vice 
President of Government Resources and Programs at Food for the 
Hungry. In the 109th Congress, the Committee on International 
Relations' Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and 
International Operations held a hearing entitled ``The World 
Hunger Crisis,'' on May 25, 2006. The Subcommittee heard 
testimony from James Morris, Executive Director at the United 
Nations World Food Program; Michael Hess, Assistance 
Administrator for Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian 
Assistance at the U.S. Agency for International Development; 
Ambassador Tony Hall, former Ambassador to the U.S. Mission to 
the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture; Sean 
Callahan, Vice President of Overseas Operations at Catholic 
Relief Services; Gabriel Laizer, a beneficiary of the McGovern-
Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition 
Program in Tanzania; and Gawain Kripke, Senior Policy Advisor 
at Oxfam America. In the 108th Congress, the Committee on 
International Relations held a full committee briefing entitled 
``Current Issues in World Hunger'' on May 11, 2004. The 
Committee heard testimony from Ambassador Tony Hall.

                        Committee Consideration

    The Committee considered H.R. 2844 on June 26, 2007, and 
the bill was favorably reported to the House by a vote of 38-9, 
as amended, a quorum present.

                         Votes of the Committee

    There were two votes during consideration of H.R. 2844:

    (1) Mr. Manzullo offered an amendment to the amendment in 
the nature of a substitute which generally reduced some funding 
in parts of the bill. The amendment was defeated by a vote of 
17-30.

Voting yes: Ros-Lehtinen, Burton, Rohrabacher, Manzullo, Royce, 
        Chabot, Tancredo, Paul, Flake, Pence, Wilson, Boozman, 
        Barrett, Mack, McCaul, Poe, and Bilirakis.

Voting no: Lantos, Berman, Ackerman, Faleomavaega, Payne, 
        Sherman, Wexler, Engel, Delahunt, Meeks, Watson, Smith 
        (WA), Carnahan, Tanner, Woolsey, Jackson Lee, Hinojosa, 
        Crowley, Wu, Miller, Sanchez, Scott, Costa, Sires, 
        Giffords, Klein, Smith (NJ), Fortenberry, Inglis, and 
        Fortuno.

    (2) H.R. 2844, as amended, was reported favorably to the 
House by a vote of 38-9.

Voting yes: Lantos, Berman, Ackerman, Faleomavaega, Payne, 
        Sherman, Wexler, Engel, Delahunt, Meeks, Watson, Smith 
        (WA), Carnahan, Tanner, Woolsey, Jackson Lee, Hinojosa, 
        Crowley, Wu, Miller, Sanchez, Scott, Costa, Sires, 
        Giffords, Klein, Ros-Lehtinen, Smith (NJ), Burton, 
        Pence, Wilson, Boozman, Mack, Fortenberry, McCaul, 
        Inglis, Fortuno, and Bilirakis.
Voting no: Rohrabacher, Manzullo, Royce, Chabot, Tancredo, 
        Paul, Flake, Barrett, and Poe.

    Ms. Jackson-Lee offered an amendment en block regarding 
coordination with donor countries and international 
organizations and preventing hunger-related emergencies. The 
amendment was agreed to by voice vote.

                      Committee Oversight Findings

    In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives, the Committee reports that the 
findings and recommendations of the Committee, based on 
oversight activities under clause 2(b)(1) of rule X of the 
Rules of the House of Representatives, are incorporated in the 
descriptive portions of this report.

               New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures

    This legislation authorizes funds to provide emergency and 
nonemergency food assistance to developing countries to help 
end hunger, and to promote U.S. agricultural exports overseas.

               Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate

    In compliance with clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules 
of the House of Representatives, the Committee sets forth, with 
respect to the bill, H.R. 1681, the following estimate and 
comparison prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget 
Office under Section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 
1974:

                                     U.S. Congress,
                               Congressional Budget Office,
                                     Washington, DC, July 17, 2007.
Hon. Tom Lantos,
Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
    Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has 
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 2844, the Food 
Security and Agricultural Development Act of 2007.
    If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be 
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Sam 
Papenfuss, who can be reached at 226-2840.
            Sincerely,
                                                   Peter R. Orszag.
Enclosure.

cc:
        Honorable Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
        Ranking Member

H.R. 2844--Food Security and Agricultural Development Act of 2007

    Summary: H.R. 2844 would amend trade promotion and food 
assistance programs administered by the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Agency for International 
Development (USAID) and extend the authorization for those 
programs, generally through 2012. The bill would increase 
spending limits and authorize new purposes for spending from 
the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). H.R. 2844 also would 
authorize the appropriation of funds for several programs 
through 2012.
    CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 2844 would increase direct 
spending by $159 million in 2008, about $1.5 billion over the 
2008-2012 period, and more than $3.5 billion over the 2008-2017 
period. Additionally, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 2844 
would have discretionary costs of $1.3 billion in 2008 and 
$10.7 billion over the 2008-2012 period, assuming appropriation 
of the estimated amounts. Enacting the bill would not affect 
revenues.
    H.R. 2844 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector 
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) 
and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal 
governments.
    Estimated cost to the Federal Government: The estimated 
budgetary impact of H.R. 2844 is shown in the following table. 
The costs of this legislation fall within budget functions 150 
(international affairs) and 350 (agriculture).

                                TABLE 1. ESTIMATED BUDGETARY IMPACT OF H.R. 2844
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars
                                                           -----------------------------------------------------
                                                              2007     2008     2009     2010     2011     2012
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIRECT SPENDING

Direct Spending Under Current Law for International             371      398      397      397      396      396
 Assistance and Trade Programs
  Estimated Budget Authority \1\
  Estimated Outlays                                             371      398      397      397      396      396

Proposed Changes                                                  0      159      245      308      350      391
  Estimated Budget Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                               0      159      245      308      350      391Direct Spending Under H.R. 2844 for International               371      557      642      705      746      787
 Assistance and Trade Programs
  Estimated Budget Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                             371      557      642      705      746      787SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATIONDiscretionary Spending Under Current Law for International    2,125        0        0        0        0        0
 Assistance and Trade Programs
  Budget Authority \2\
  Estimated Outlays                                           2,081    1,189      462      169       56       26Proposed Changes                                                  0    2,557    2,557    2,557    2,558    2,558
  Estimated Authorization Level
  Estimated Outlays                                               0    1,285    2,057    2,358    2,480    2,524Discretionary Spending Under H.R. 2844 for International      2,125    2,557    2,557    2,557    2,558    2,558
 Assistance and Trade Programs
  Estimated Authorization Level
  Estimated Outlays                                           2,081    2,474    2,519    2,527    2,536    2,550
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The amounts shown as spending under current law for 2007-2012 are CBO's baseline estimates of spending for
  the affected programs.
\2\ The 2007 budget authority is the amount appropriated in 2007 for the following programs: Public Law 480
  title II ($1,665 million), International Disaster and Famine Assistance ($361 million), and McGovern-Dole
  Program ($99 million).

    Basis of estimate: For this estimate, CBO assumes that the 
bill will be enacted near the start of fiscal year 2008, that 
the estimated amounts will be appropriated each year, and that 
outlays will follow historical spending patterns.

Direct Spending

    Enacting H.R. 2844 would increase direct spending for 
several programs, as shown in Table 2 and described below. In 
total, CBO estimates that under H.R. 2844, direct spending 
would increase by $159 million in 2008, about $1.5 billion over 
the 2008-2012 period, and over $3.5 billion over the 2008-2017 
period.

                                                   TABLE 2. CHANGES IN DIRECT SPENDING UNDER H.R. 2844
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                        By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars
                                                             -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               2008   2009   2010   2011   2012   2013   2014   2015   2016   2017  2008-2012  2008-2017
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
McGovern-Dole Program                                            73    139    195    235    275    294    300    300    300    300       917      2,411
  Estimated Budget
  Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                              73    139    195    235    275    294    300    300    300    300       917      2,411Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust                                  85     85     85     85     85     85     85     85     85     86       425        851
  Estimated Budget
  Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                              85     85     85     85     85     85     85     85     85     86       425        851Market Access                                                     1     20     25     25     25     25     25     25     25     25        96        221
  Estimated Budget
  Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                               1     20     25     25     25     25     25     25     25     25        96        221Other Programs                                                    0      1      3      5      6      4      4      4      4      4        15         35
  Estimated Budget
  Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                               0      1      3      5      6      4      4      4      4      4        15         35Total Changes                                                   159    245    308    350    391    408    414    414    414    415     1,453      3,518
  Estimated Budget
  Authority
  Estimated Outlays                                             159    245    308    350    391    408    414    414    414    415     1,453      3,518
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    McGovern-Dole Program. Section 122 would change the 
spending authority for the McGovern-Dole International Food for 
Education and Child Nutrition Program. Under current law, 
funding for this program is provided in annual appropriation 
acts ($99 million was appropriated in 2007). Under H.R. 2844, 
funding would be provided by the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation in amounts specified 
in the bill, increasing from $140 million in 2008 to $300 
million in 2012. CBO estimates that implementing this section 
would increase direct spending by $917 million over the next 
five years and by $2,411 million over the 2008-2017 period. 
Enacting this section also could reduce the need for 
discretionary spending as discussed below under the heading 
``Spending Subject to Appropriation.''
    Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust. Section 121 would 
reauthorize the Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust. The trust is 
authorized to hold agricultural commodities that can be donated 
overseas to meet emergency food needs in developing countries. 
Under current law, the CCC pays the costs of shipping 
commodities donated from the trust, while up to $20 million of 
the funds appropriated to the Public Law 480 program can be 
used to reimburse the trust for the cost of the donated 
commodities. H.R. 2844 would raise the annual cap on these 
reimbursements from $20 million to $60 million. CBO estimates 
that raising that cap would increase donations from the reserve 
and the associated additional shipping costs would increase 
direct spending by $425 million over the next five years and 
$851 million over the 2008-2017 period.
    Market Access Program. Section 202 would reauthorize and 
increase funding for the Market Access Program, an export 
promotion program funded through the Commodity Credit 
Corporation. The bill would increase annual funding for the 
program by $25 million, from $200 million to $225 million a 
year. Under the bill, CBO estimates direct spending would 
increase by $96 million over the 2008-2012 period and by $221 
million over the 2008-2017 period.
    Other Programs. H.R. 2844 would affect direct spending in 
three other programs described below. In total, CBO estimates 
that enacting those provisions would increase direct spending 
by $15 million over the 2008-2012 period and $35 million over 
the 2008-2017 period.
     Section 201 and section 206 would amend the Export 
Credit Guarantee Program to eliminate the Supplier Credit 
Program, increase loan origination fees, and raise the amount 
of loans guaranteed under the Facilities Credit Program. CBO 
estimates that, together, these changes would reduce direct 
spending by $19 million over the next five years and by $39 
million over the next 10 years.
     Section 301 would increase funding for the 
Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops Program by $2 million 
a year from the previous year's level. CBO estimates that 
amending the program to increase funding would increase direct 
spending by $24 million over the next five years and by $64 
million over the next 10 years.
     Section 204 would increase direct spending by $2 
million a year over the 2008-2012 period for a new grant 
program to address sanitary and phytosanitary (pests and 
diseases harmful to plants) barriers to trade. CBO assumes 
direct spending for this new program would not be continued 
beyond its expiration in 2012. Under this assumption, CBO 
estimates that the new grant program would increase direct 
spending by $10 million over the next five years.

Spending Subject to Appropriation

    H.R. 2844 would authorize the appropriation of funds for 
several programs. As shown in Table 3, CBO estimates that 
implementing H.R. 2844 would incur spending subject to 
appropriation of about $1.3 billion in 2008 and $10.7 billion 
over the 2008-2017 period.
    Public Law 480. The Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954, typically referred to as Public Law 
480, established a variety of programs to provide food 
assistance to countries around the world. Section 111 would 
authorize the appropriation of funds through 2012 for titles I, 
II, and III of Public Law 480.
    The largest program in Public Law 480 is title II which 
provides emergency and nonemergency food aid around the world. 
(The appropriation for this program in 2007 totals about $1.7 
billion.) H.R. 2844 would authorize the appropriation of $2.5 
billion a year through 2012 for title II assistance.
    There is no current appropriation for programs under title 
I or title III, and the bill would authorize such sums as may 
be necessary for those programs through 2012. Based on 
information from the U.S. Agency for International Development, 
and the last appropriation for each program, CBO estimates that 
$100 million ($70 million for title I and $30 million for title 
III) in 2008 would be sufficient to implement those programs.
    Adjusting for anticipated inflation and based on historical 
spending patterns for those programs, CBO estimates that, in 
total, implementing section 111 would cost $1.4 billion in 2008 
and $11 billion over the 2008-2012 period, assuming 
appropriation of the estimated and specified amounts.
    McGovern-Dole Program. As discussed above, under ``Direct 
Spending,'' enacting section 122 would change the spending 
authority for the McGovern-Dole International Food for 
Education and Child Nutrition Program. Under this section, 
there would be no need for future appropriations for this 
program. Thus, CBO expects that the authorization of spending 
subject to appropriation would decline each year by the amount 
appropriated for this program in 2007 ($99 million), adjusted 
for anticipated inflation. Therefore, CBO estimates 
discretionary savings under section 122 of $101 million in 2008 
and $523 million over the 2008-2017 period, assuming 
appropriations are reduced by the estimated amounts.

                              TABLE 3. CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                        By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars
                                                                    --------------------------------------------
                                                                       2008     2009     2010     2011     2012
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Law 480                                                         2,600    2,602    2,604    2,606    2,608
  Estimated Authorization Level
  Estimated Outlays                                                    1,366    2,118    2,410    2,528    2,574McGovern-Dole Program                                                   -101     -103     -105     -106     -108
  Estimated Authorization Level
  Estimated Outlays                                                     -101     -103     -105     -106     -108Disaster and Famine Assistance                                            40       40       40       40       40
  Authorization level
  Estimated Outlays                                                       10       28       36       40       40Other Programs                                                            18       18       18       18       18
  Estimated Authorization Level
  Estimated Outlays                                                       10       14       17       18       18Total Changes                                                          2,557    2,557    2,557    2,558    2,558
  Estimated Authorization Level
  Estimated Outlays                                                    1,285    2,057    2,358    2,480    2,524
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Disaster and Famine Assistance. Section 123 would designate 
funds for the International Disaster and Famine Assistance 
(IDFA) Program. (In 2007, the Congress appropriated $361 
million for this program.) The bill would require that $40 
million a year be spent through 2012 from funds provided to 
IDFA. CBO estimates that implementing this section would cost 
$10 million in 2008 and $154 million over the 2008-2012 period, 
assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts.
    Other Programs. H.R. 2284 also would authorize the 
appropriation of funds for four additional programs. In total, 
CBO estimates that implementing these programs would cost $10 
million in 2008 and $77 million over the 2008-2012 period, 
assuming appropriation of the estimated amounts.
         Section 114 would authorize the appropriation 
        of $10 million a year through 2012 for the John 
        Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program. 
        This program provides technical assistance to farmers 
        in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean 
        basin.
         Section 109 would authorize the appropriation 
        of such sums as may be necessary through 2012 for a 
        program to establish sites to pre-position agricultural 
        commodities in foreign countries to more quickly 
        deliver food during emergencies. Based on information 
        from USAID, CBO estimates that this program would cost 
        $4 million a year.
         Section 108 would authorize the appropriation 
        of $3 million a year through 2012 for a program to 
        provide shelf-stable prepackaged foods to organizations 
        that deliver food to needy individuals.
         Section 303 would authorize the appropriation 
        of such sums as may be necessary through 2012 for the 
        Secretary of Agriculture to provide assistance to 
        certain entities to help reduce trade barriers and 
        address intellectual property rights violations. Based 
        on information from the Department of Agriculture, CBO 
        estimates that implementing this section would cost $1 
        million a year.
    Intergovernmental and private-sector impact: H.R. 2844 
contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as 
defined in UMRA and would not affect the budgets of state, 
local, or tribal governments.
    Estimate prepared by: Federal costs: Sam Papenfuss and Greg 
Hitz; Impact on State, local, and Tribal Governments: Neil 
Hood; Impact on the Private Sector: Amy Petz.
    Estimate approved by: Peter H. Fontaine, Deputy Assistant 
Director for Budget Analysis.

                    Performance Goals and Objectives

    Pursuant to clause (3)(c) of House rule XIII, upon 
enactment of this legislation, funds will be provided to help 
reduce hunger in developing countries and to promote U.S. 
agricultural exports overseas.

                   Constitutional Authority Statement

    Pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 
House of Representatives, the Committee finds the authority for 
this legislation in article I, section 8 of the Constitution.

                        New Advisory Committees

    H.R. 2844 does not establish or authorize any new advisory 
committees.

                    Congressional Accountability Act

    H.R. 2844 does not apply to the Legislative Branch.

                         Earmark Identification

    H.R. 2844 does not contain any congressional earmarks, 
limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in 
clause 9(d), 9(e), or 9(f) of rule XXI.

               Section-by-Section Analysis and Discussion

Section 1. Short Title and Table of Contents

    This section states that the act may be referred to as the 
``Food Security and Agricultural Development Act of 2007''. 
This section also provides for a table of contents.

Section 2. Findings and Purposes

    This section contains congressional findings describing the 
food security situation throughout the world and the current 
U.S. and international food assistance programs. The findings 
also include a finding on status of non-emergency food 
assistance programs funded by the United States.

Section 3. Definitions

    This section provides definitions for use in the act.

Section 4. Purposes

    Section 4 states that the purposes of this Act are to: 
provide United States food assistance for emergency and non-
emergency situations as described in Title I of this Act; 
provide United States emergency and non-emergency food 
assistance in an efficient and effective manner; and to promote 
agricultural export programs in an efficient and effective 
manner.

   TITLE I--UNITED STATES EMERGENCY AND NON-EMERGENCY FOOD AND OTHER 
                          ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

 SUBTITLE A--AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954

Section 101. United States Policy

    This section amends section 2 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by expanding United 
States policy on food assistance to include responding to 
emergency needs and food crises; implementing an effective and 
efficient food assistance program that incorporates adequate 
resources for both emergency and non-emergency food assistance 
programs; and providing adequate resources for non-emergency 
food assistance programs to address the causes of chronic 
hunger and food security, to protect the livelihoods and health 
of vulnerable populations, and to promote participation in 
productive activities. This section also makes conforming 
changes.
    The Committee expects the U.S. Agency for International 
Development and the U.S. Department of Agriculture to 
effectively and efficiently manage the implementation of food 
assistance programs, including effectively responding to 
emergencies and food crises and effectively addressing the 
underlying causes of chronic hunger in the developing world. 
The Committee believes that, in addition to responding to the 
growing number of food emergencies throughout the world, the 
U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture should direct increased levels of 
food assistance and other assistance to address the challenge 
of chronic hunger in the developing world.

Section 102. General Authority

    Section 102 amends Section 201 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by amending the 
definition of emergency food assistance provided under Title II 
of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954 to include addressing famine and food crises and to 
respond to emergency food needs arising from man-made 
disasters, including policy-based disasters, economic shocks, 
conflict or civil strife, and natural disasters. This section 
also amends Section 201 by providing an additional authority to 
use P.L. 480 Title II resources to promote participation in 
education, training, and other productive activities.
    The Committee understands that, increasingly, manmade 
disasters, such as policy-based disasters and conflict, are a 
major source for food emergencies. Therefore, the Committee 
believes that United States emergency food assistance 
effectively should be provided in all instances in which a food 
emergency has developed regardless of whether the cause of such 
crisis is man-made or natural, with the understanding that all 
possible measures must be taken to ensure that United States 
food assistance is not diverted to military forces, unless such 
diversion is in the national interest of the United States, is 
directed primarily at populations impacted by a food emergency, 
and is not subjected to theft by corrupt government entities or 
officials or other corrupt entities. The Committee also 
understands that protracted and complex food crises have become 
more common and that adequate financial and other assistance is 
needed to address both the food crisis and the causes of such 
crisis.
    The Committee recognizes that food assistance may be used 
in a variety of ways to reduce food insecurity in developing 
countries. While program objectives are typically built around 
food security related indicators, they may also be built around 
indicators that demonstrate increased capacity to address 
crises and other issues that can improve food insecurity. In 
addition, activities supported by food assistance programs may 
be intended to promote participation in education, training and 
other activities that increase individuals' productivity and 
build community and institutional capacity.

Section 103. Provision of Agricultural Commodities

    This section amends Section 202(e) of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by increasing the 
percentage of funds made available under Title II of the of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 to 
support certain activities and expense incurred by eligible 
organizations from not less than 5 to not more than 10 percent 
to not less than 10 and not more than 12.5 percent. This 
section allows these funds to be provided to eligible 
organizations to support the development of new programs; for 
financial and technical assistance to meet specific 
administrative, management, operation, personnel, and other 
programming costs to carry out programs in foreign countries; 
and for improving and implementing methodologies for food 
assistance programs, including needs assessments and monitoring 
and evaluation of programs in foreign countries. Section 103 
also makes conforming changes.
    The Committee understands that assistance provided under 
section 202(e) of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 is provided to eligible organizations 
that implement non-emergency food assistance programs. This 
assistance maybe used to help such organizations support the 
establishment of new programs, and to address the specific 
administrative, management and other costs associated with 
carrying out non-emergency food assistance programs in 
developing countries. The Committee has provided additional 
flexibility for eligible organizations to use funds under 
section 202(e) for development activities associated with a 
non-emergency food assistance program and to use funds for 
improving program methodologies in such areas as needs 
assessments, monitoring and evaluation, and to implement such 
methodologies in P.L. 480 Title II programs.
    The Committee is aware that the real causes of global food 
insecurity and chronic hunger are complex and cannot be solved 
over the long-term by the provision of food assistance alone. 
The Committee expects that the U.S. Agency for International 
Development should provide increased assistance to carry out 
section 202(e) to effectively support targeted activities that 
can more effectively address the root causes of chronic hunger 
and food insecure populations. As this section also expands 
P.L. 480 title II non-emergency programming levels, the 
Committee expects USAID to use the authority under section 
202(e) to provide funds so more eligible organizations may 
participate in P.L. 480 title II programs and to support the 
development of new programs by eligible organizations.

Section 104. Generation and Use of Currencies by Private Voluntary 
        Organizations and Cooperatives

    This section makes a technical change.

Section 105. Levels of Assistance

    Section 105 amends Section 204(a) of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by extending authorities 
related to commodity levels for emergency and non-emergency 
programs through 2012 and making other conforming changes.

Section 106. Food Aid Consultative Group

    This section amends Section 205(f) of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by extending the 
authorization through 2012 and adding a sense of Congress that 
the Food Aid Consultative Group should make every effort to 
develop a strategy to achieve a more integrated and effective 
food assistance program. This section also requires the 
Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, 
in close consultation with the Group, to submit a report to 
Congress within 180 days on efforts taken by the U.S. Agency 
for International Development and the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture to develop a strategy to achieve an integrated and 
effective food assistance program.
    The Food Aid Consultative Group is chaired by the 
Administrator and consists of representatives of the major food 
assistance stakeholders, including the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, organizations that are eligible to carry out P.L. 
480 title II programs and representatives of agricultural 
groups. The Committee believes that every effort must be made 
to achieve an integrated and effective food assistance program. 
The Committee expects that the Administrator, in full 
consultation and coordination with the Group, will thoroughly 
review how program effectiveness and efficiency may be enhanced 
by such things as greater certainty about individual program 
agreements, funding levels and approvals early in the fiscal 
year and alternative ways to improve the ordering, procurement 
and provision of commodities.

Section 107. Administration

    This section amends Section 207 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 in a number of ways. 
First, it removes the requirement that the U.S. Agency for 
International Development must identify conditions in order for 
the U.S. Agency for International Development to approve a 
proposal by an eligible organization to provide non-emergency 
food assistance. This section instead maintains the requirement 
that USAID provide, in the case where a proposal is denied, 
reasons why a proposal by an eligible organization to provide 
non-emergency food assistance was disapproved.
    Second, it removes the requirement that the Administrator 
for the U.S. Agency for International Development develop 
handbooks to assist in carrying out emergency and non-emergency 
food assistance programs. This amendment seeks to make the law 
consistent with current USAID practices of using regulations 
and guidelines, and eliminating the use of handbooks.
    Third, Section 207 of the Agricultural Trade Development 
and Assistance Act of 1954 is amended by adding a new 
subsection (f), which requires the Administrator of the USAID, 
in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, to establish 
systems to improve the monitoring and evaluation of the 
effectiveness and efficiency of assistance provided under title 
II of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954 in order to maximize the impact of such assistance. The 
Committee expects the Administrator to take every necessary 
step to establish a system to monitor and evaluate the 
efficiency and effectiveness of P.L. 480 Title II programs. To 
understand what necessary steps are needed to improve the 
monitoring and evaluation of P.L. 480 Title II programs, the 
Committee directs the Comptroller General of the United States 
to submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees 
that reviews and comments on the Administrator's report and 
recommends any additional actions needed to improve monitoring 
and evaluation of P.L. 480 Title II assistance. In carrying out 
this subsection, the Administrator may contract for personal 
services from persons not employed by the U.S. Government.
    The Committee understands that the Government 
Accountability Office report of April 2007 on U.S. food 
assistance programs found that monitoring of food assistance 
programs in-country by the U.S. Agency for International 
Development has been insufficient due to various factors, 
including limited staff, competing priorities, and legal 
restrictions on the use of food assistance resources. The 
Committee is concerned about the significant gaps in monitoring 
and evaluation of U.S. international food assistance programs 
and expects the U.S. Agency for International Development to 
address this problem immediately by establishing a system to 
monitor food assistance programs. The Committee believes that 
independent evaluation of this effort should be carried out by 
the Government Accountability Office so that the Committee can 
adequately determine if all efforts are being taken to respond 
to this challenge.
    The Committee is aware that USAID has received significant 
cuts in the President's budget and in Congressional 
appropriations over the last several years to carry out their 
operating expense which increasingly affects the Agency's 
ability to monitor its programs. Although the Committee 
appreciates these constraints, it expects the Agency to make 
every effort to improve the monitoring and evaluation of U.S. 
food assistance programs. The Committee provides authority to 
the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International 
Development to contract with individuals for personal services 
to establish the system for monitoring and evaluation of food 
assistance programs. The Committee does not require, however, 
that only personal services contractors be used for this 
purpose, when other authorities and other authorized funding 
are available, nor does it require that assistance under Title 
II of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954 be used to hire personal services contracts for this 
purpose.
    Finally, this section authorizes the Administrator for the 
U.S. Agency for International Development to make contributions 
to the World Food Program for indirect support costs that are 
in accordance with the World Food Program's rules and 
regulations for indirect cost rates. This section also requires 
the Administrator to submit a report to Congress with the 
proposed level of the contribution and the reasons for the 
proposed level.

Section 108. Assistance for Stockpiling and Rapid Transportation, 
        Delivery, and Distribution of Shelf-Stable Prepackaged Foods

    This section amends Section 208(f) of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by extending the 
authorization through 2012.

Section 109. Administrative Provisions

    This section amends Section 407 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 in a number of ways. 
First, it amends subsection (c)(4) by extending the authority 
to preposition agricultural commodities through 2012 and to 
remove the $2,000,000 limitation on funds that can be used to 
store agricultural commodities for prepositioning in foreign 
countries. It provides the Administrator of USAID with the 
additional authority to carry out assessments of no less than 
two additional sites to determine the feasibility of and costs 
associated with using such sites for the purpose of 
prepositioning and it authorizes the Administrator to establish 
additional sites for prepositioning in foreign countries. This 
section authorizes such sums for fiscal years 2008 through 2012 
to carry out this section.
    Second, section 109 amends subsection (f) by requiring the 
President to submit the annual report to Congress on activities 
under the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954 on March 1st of each year rather than January 15th. It 
adds more specific requirements for including information in 
such reports regarding the amount of funds, tonnage levels, and 
types of activities for P.L. 480 Title II non-emergency food 
assistance programs and a general description of the projects 
implemented under such programs. The Committee also directs the 
Administrator to report on assessing progress toward reducing 
food insecurity rather than increasing food security.
    The U.S. Agency for International Development currently has 
two sites designated for prepositioning of food--one domestic 
site in Houston, Texas and one foreign site in Djibouti. The 
Committee is aware of the interest within the U.S. Agency for 
International Development to expand the number of sites to 
store U.S. agricultural commodities for prepositioning in 
foreign countries. Current law limits the ability to 
preposition commodities in foreign countries by placing a cap 
on the amount of assistance that can be used for this purpose. 
The Committee feels that, by lifting this cap, the U.S. Agency 
for International Development will be able to expand the number 
of prepositioning sites in foreign countries, which will enable 
the United States to improve its response to food emergencies 
in a more efficient and effective manner. The Committee expects 
the U.S. Agency for International Development to undertake all 
efforts to enhance its prepositioning capabilities. The 
Committee strongly believes that prepositioning U.S. 
agricultural commodities in foreign countries will 
significantly reduce the amount of time it takes to respond to 
food emergencies by being able to deliver critical food 
assistance in a more rapid and efficient manner.
    This section also expands the annual reporting requirements 
under Section 407 of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 to include reporting on amounts of 
funds, tonnage levels, and types of activities for non-
emergency food assistance programs under Title II of the Act 
and a general description of projects and activities 
implemented under Title II of the Act. This information is 
needed to allow Congress to better understand the status of 
programs and whether legislative requirements are being met. In 
addition, while there is regular reporting on and evaluation of 
P.L. 480 Title II non-emergency programs conducted by private 
voluntary organizations and cooperatives, this information is 
not adequately reported to Congress by USAID. Finally, it 
amends the annual reporting requirement under Section 407 by 
extending the deadline for the annual report to Congress to 
March 1st to allow USAID to prepare a more comprehensive 
report. The current deadline of January 1st does not allow the 
U.S. Agency for International Development to aggregate the data 
from various results reporting that inform the annual report. 
Extending the deadline allows for a more comprehensive report.

Section 110. Expiration Date

    This section amends Section 408 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by extending the 
authorization for all titles under this Act through 2012.

Section 111. Authorization of Appropriations

    This section amends section 412 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by authorizing such sums 
for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 for title I of the 
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954; 
$2,500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 for 
title II of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance 
Act of 1954; and such sums as needed for each of fiscal years 
2008 through 2012 for the grant program established under Title 
III of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 
1954. This section further amends Section 412 by authorizing 
that no less than $600 million of the sums made available under 
title II of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance 
Act of 1954 shall be used for non-emergency food assistance 
programs in each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.
    The Committee notes with concern that while the Farm 
Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 called for increased 
levels of P.L. 480 title II non-emergency programs, tonnage 
levels decreased from 2001 to 2006 by over 40 percent, and 
USAID continues to cut back on the number of countries that can 
receive such assistance. The Committee's intent in requiring 
$600,000,000 to be used in each fiscal year for non-emergency 
title II food assistance programs is to reverse this trend and 
to increase the United States' commitment to helping people who 
suffer from chronic hunger. The Committee expects that this 
funding level for non-emergency food assistance programs would 
cover all costs associated with such programs, including 
agricultural products, transportation, assistance under section 
202(e) of P.L. 480 and internal transport, shipping and 
handling. It would also cover the application of a non-
governmental organization's negotiated indirect cost recovery 
rate to funds provided through section 202(e).
    The world's efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goal 
of cutting hunger in half by 2015 is far from being met--the 
number of people suffering from chronic hunger is estimated to 
be 850 million. While U.S. food assistance alone cannot resolve 
this tragic and complex crisis, non-emergency, developmental 
food assistance programs are a critical component of the United 
States' international food security strategy and are 
particularly effective in countries with chronic food deficits 
and for vulnerable, low-income populations.
    Non-emergency food programs conducted by private voluntary 
organizations and cooperatives under P.L. 480 Title II that 
address the underlying causes of chronic hunger include mother-
child health care, agricultural and rural development, food as 
payment for work on community infrastructure projects, meals in 
schools and take-home rations to encourage school attendance, 
and assistance for HIV/AIDS-affected communities. These 
programs have measurable results and lasting benefits, 
including decreasing childhood malnutrition and increasing 
household food supplies, incomes and agricultural productivity. 
The presence of ongoing food assistance programs in areas of 
need also allow for earlier identification of potential crises 
and more rapid and less expensive responses to increasing food 
needs.
    Chronic hunger leads to high infant and child mortality and 
morbidity, poor physical and cognitive development, low 
productivity, high susceptibility to disease, and premature 
death. It deepens the cycle of poverty and makes communities 
more vulnerable to crises. Reducing these non-emergency food 
programs has been counterproductive, as such food assistance 
helps improve communities' resilience to droughts and economic 
downturns. Giving people the means to improve their living 
conditions and incomes, to protect their livelihoods, and to 
improve their health also provides hope for a better future and 
helps stabilize vulnerable areas.

Section 112. Coordination and Integration of Foreign Assistance 
        Programs

    This section amends section 413 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by requiring the 
Administrator to coordinate and integrate assistance to a 
foreign country provided under title III of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 with other U.S. 
development assistance objectives and programs for such 
country, such as assistance to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, 
and malaria, assistance for child and maternal health, 
assistance for education, and assistance for agricultural 
development and economic growth. This section also requires 
that assistance provided under title III of the Agricultural 
Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 be coordinated 
with other foreign assistance programs such as the Millennium 
Challenge Account.

Section 113. Micronutrient Fortification Programs

    This section amends Section 415 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by extending the 
authorization for this program through 2012. Section 112 also 
amends Section 415 of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 by requiring the U.S. Agency for 
International Development, when implementing the micronutrient 
fortification programs, to assess and apply technologies and 
systems to improve and ensure the quality, shelf life, 
bioavailability, and safety of fortified commodities that are 
provided to developing countries by utilizing the 
recommendations from the October 2001 ``Micronutrient 
Compliance Review of P.L. 480 Commodities''. The organization 
implementing this program must have a proven record of 
impartiality and a mechanism that incorporates the range of 
P.L. 480 Title II implementing partners as well as other food 
assistance industry experts.

Section 114. John Ogonowski and Doug Bereuter Farmer-to-Farmer Program

    This section amends Section 501 of the Agricultural Trade 
Development and Assistance Act of 1954 by extending the 
authorization of this program through 2012.

           SUBTITLE B--RELATED STATUTES AND OTHER PROVISIONS

Section 121. Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust

    Section 121 amends Section 302 of the Bill Emerson 
Humanitarian Trust Act by expanding the general authority of 
the trust so that the trust may include 4 million metric tons 
of wheat, rice, corn or sorghum or any combination of the 
commodities, an amount of funds equivalent to 4 million metric 
tons of commodities, or any combination of commodities and 
funds equivalent to 4 million metric tons. This makes the 
general authority in Section 302 consistent with the rest of 
the Act.
    This section also amends Section 302 of the Bill Emerson 
Humanitarian Trust Act by extending the authorization of the 
trust through 2012 and by increasing the amount of reimbursed 
funds that can be held in the trust to $60 million (from $20 
million) in any fiscal year. This change would provide a more 
reliable means of regularly replenishing the trust.
    The Committee is aware that the Trust can currently hold 
both funds and commodities that can be released in two cases, 
(1) when there is short supply of a commodity in the U.S. 
market and therefore the Secretary determines to use PL 480 
title II funds to buy commodities from the trust rather than on 
the market; or (2) when there are ``unanticipated'' emergency 
needs. The ``unanticipated emergency needs'' purpose has been 
used for needs in places such as Iraq, Darfur, and southern and 
eastern Africa. However, the Committee is aware that the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture interprets the current law as only 
permitting the release of funds or commodities as a last 
resort. Therefore, the commodities are not available in a 
timely manner as a backup to Title II emergency food assistance 
when such assistance is insufficient. The Committee believes 
that the Trust should, as appropriate, be the primary mechanism 
by which the U.S. government responds to a food emergency in a 
developing country. The Committee further notes that the 
legislation does not differentiate between releasing the 
commodities held or the funds held when allowing for their use 
for food emergencies.
    Current law requires that the Commodity Credit Corporation 
be reimbursed for the value of commodities or funds released 
``in subsequent years'' from funds appropriated for PL 480. 
Currently, up to $20 million of reimbursed funds in any fiscal 
year can be used to replenish the trust. The Committee believes 
that this amount severely limits the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture's ability to utilize the trust to respond to food 
emergencies abroad. The Committee supports increasing the 
amount of reimbursed funds that can be held in the trust to $60 
million in any fiscal year, thereby providing a more reliable 
means of regularly replenishing the trust. The Committee 
directs the Administrator of USAID to use this replenishment 
authority to restore funds to the Trust.

Section 122. McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child 
        Nutrition Program

    This section amends Section 3107 of the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment Act of 2002 by specifying that the Secretary 
of Agriculture, rather than the President, has the authority to 
carry out the program under Section 3107. This section also 
authorizes mandatory funding for this program, by requiring CCC 
funds to be used to carry out this program. This section 
authorizes the use of Commodity Credit Corporation funds to 
provide $140 million for fiscal year 2008, $180 million for 
fiscal year 2009, $220 million for fiscal year 2010, $260 
million for fiscal year 2011, and $300 million for fiscal year 
2012. This section also makes conforming changes to Section 
3107 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002.
    The George McGovern-Robert Dole International Food for 
Education and Child Nutrition Program (McGovern-Dole) began as 
a $300 million pilot food-for-education program conducted by 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture that reached more than 7 
million children in 38 countries through 48 projects carried 
out by NGOs, the World Food Program (WFP) and one government 
(the Dominican Republic). Regrettably, in FY 2006, the program 
was funded at a paltry $99 million, and scarcely reached 2.5 
million children in 15 countries.
    In 2002, the pilot program was established as a permanent 
program--the McGovern-Dole Program--in the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment of 2002, and authority to implement programs 
to improve the nutrition of younger children and infants was 
added. The President designated the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture to continue as the administrative agency for the 
program. Project proposals continue to be chosen through an 
inter-agency process, which includes the U.S. Agency for 
International Development and the Department of State.
    The statutory requirements for McGovern-Dole project 
proposals, based upon best practices in the field, have 
strengthened and raised the standards of all food for education 
programs. The program's flexible combination of commodities, 
cash assistance and technical assistance--determined by the 
project design of each proposal--is the envy of other U.S. food 
assistance programs.
    The Committee is aware that this program has received 
stellar evaluations from the Administration and has a proven 
track record on reducing the incidence of child hunger; 
increasing school enrollment, attendance and academic 
performance by students in vulnerable and disadvantaged 
communities; and serving as a catalyst for parental and 
community involvement in both education and other community-
based development initiatives. This program has also proven to 
be an effective initiative to convincing families to send their 
daughters to school and to allow them to stay in school.
    The Committee determines that the priorities for the next 
five-year period of the McGovern-Dole International Food for 
Education and Child Nutrition Program are to:
          (1) Bring the program funding back to the levels of 
        the pilot program;
          (2) Provide a reliable funding stream by establishing 
        adequate funding levels and allowing individual 
        programs to be funded for several fiscal years;
          (3) Allow for existing programs to expand and new 
        programs to be established; and
          (4) Fund the program at levels that demonstrate U.S. 
        commitment to this program which will serve as a 
        catalyst both for long-term sustainability and 
        continuing the increased support from other donor 
        nations.

Section 123. International Disaster Assistance Under the Foreign 
        Assistance Act of 1961

    This section includes a sense of Congress that directs the 
Administrator of USAID to exercise his authority under section 
491 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to purchase and 
distribute to a recipient country agricultural commodities 
produced in the recipient country or in developing countries in 
the region of the recipient country. This section authorizes 
$40 million for famine prevention and relief under section 491 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. This assistance may be 
used for various purposes such as providing funding for early 
warning systems or for local and regional procurement of food 
for emergencies, among other purposes.
    The Committee is deeply concerned that the Administration 
has proposed several times to convert a portion of P.L. 480 
Title II funds for use in procuring local and regional food to 
respond to emergencies. The Committee's bill does not support 
this proposal and rejects any authority to use P.L. 480 Title 
II assistance for such purpose. The Administration already has 
the authority to purchase food in developing countries for 
emergency purposes under section 491 of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961. The Committee is aware that in 2003 the 
Administration used this authority to purchase food for 
Afghanistan from Kazakhstan. The Administration informed the 
Committee that it has not used its full authority for local and 
regional procurement of food under section 491 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 due to a shortage of funds. The 
legislation directs the Administration to use the existing 
authority under section 491 rather than divert critical 
assistance from the P.L. 480 Title II food assistance program. 
The Committee also provides $40 million for famine prevention 
and relief, a doubling of the Administration's request for this 
program. The Committee expects the Administration to use this 
additional assistance to respond to food emergencies, which may 
include purchasing food from developing countries as well as 
fund other famine prevention and relief programs such as 
improving early warning systems.

Section 124. Report on Efforts to Improve Procurement Planning

    This section requires a report to Congress within 90 days 
of enactment of the legislation on efforts taken by both the 
U.S. Agency for International Development and the Department of 
Agriculture to improve planning for food and transportation 
procurement, including efforts to eliminate bunching of food 
purchases.
    The Committee notes that the Government Accountability 
Office's report of April 2007 on U.S. international food 
assistance programs identified bunching of food purchases as a 
major obstacle in achieving an efficient and effective food 
assistance program. The GAO report notes that uncertain funding 
processes for emergencies can result in bunching of food 
assistance purchases, which increases food and transportation 
costs and lengthens delivery time frames. Inadequately planned 
food and transportation procurement reflects the uncertainty of 
food assistance funding. The Committee understands that the 
U.S. Agency for International Development is undertaking 
efforts to reduce procurement bunching through improved cash 
flow management; however the U.S. Department of Agriculture has 
not yet adequately addressed this issue. The Committee expects 
the U.S. Agency for International Development and the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture to improve planning of food and 
transportation procurement to address the challenge of 
bunching. The Committee expects the report to include 
information describing how commodity orders for P.L. 480 title 
II programs can be placed throughout the year, thereby 
spreading out commodity procurement more evenly throughout the 
year, which the Government Accountability Office found can 
create cost savings.

          TITLE II--UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS

Section 201. Export Credit Guarantee Program

    This section amends Section 202 of the Agricultural Trade 
Act of 1978 by removing the one percent cap on fees that can be 
collected under the short-term Export Credit Guarantee Program 
(GSM-102) and eliminating the specific authority for the 
Intermediate Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-103). This 
section also repeals the authority for the Supplier Credit 
Guarantee Program due to the approximately $227 million in 
defaults and evidence of fraudulent activity under the program. 
The amendment extends the authorization of the other export 
guarantee programs through 2012 and authorizes not less than 
$5.5 billion in credit guarantees under section 202.

Section 202. Market Access Program

    This section amends the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 in a 
number of ways. First, it applies the program to organic 
commodities. Section 202 expands the mandatory funding for the 
Market Access Program from $200 million per year to $225 
million per year through 2012.
    The Committee notes that the Market Access Program is 
administered on a cost-share basis with farmers and other 
participants, who are required to contribute up to 50 percent 
of their own resources. The Market Access Program is among the 
few tools specifically allowed in unlimited amounts under World 
Trade Organization (WTO) rules to help American agriculture and 
American workers remain competitive in a global marketplace 
still characterized by highly subsidized foreign competition. A 
recent study of the Market Access Program showed that 
additional funding provided in the Farm Security and Rural 
Investment Act of 2002 increased the United States share of 
world trade by over 1 market share point to 19 percent, 
boosting U.S. agricultural exports by $3.8 billion. The 
Committee strongly believes that this program has been 
tremendously successful and extremely cost-effective in helping 
maintain and expand U.S. agricultural exports, protect American 
jobs, and strengthen farm income.

Section 203. Export Enhancement Program.

    This section amends Section 301 of the Agricultural Trade 
Act of 1978 by extending the authorization of the program 
through 2012 and authorizes mandatory spending at current 
levels of $478 million for each of fiscal years 2008 through 
2012.

Section 204. Assistance to Address Sanitary and Phytosanitary Barriers 
        to Trade

    This section amends Title III of the Agricultural Trade Act 
of 1978 by creating a new grant program to address 
international sanitary and phytosanitary issues for all U.S. 
agricultural commodities, and identifies target issues for 
acceptance by foreign markets relating to U.S. agricultural 
commodities. This section authorizes $2 million in mandatory 
spending for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 for this 
program.

Section 205. Foreign Market Development Cooperator Program

    This section amends section 702 of the Agricultural Trade 
Act of 1978 by extending the authorization of this program 
through 2012 and making other conforming changes.

Section 206. Emerging Markets and Facility Guarantee Loan Program

    This section amends Section 1542 of the Food, Agricultural, 
Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 by extending the authority 
of the emerging markets program through 2012. The section also 
expands the Facility Guarantee Program loan authority to allow 
liability to not exceed 98 percent of the principle amount 
involved in the underlying financial arrangement for the 
construction of the facility and the interest on the 
outstanding principal amount at the rate specified in the 
underlying financial arrangement for construction of the 
facility. This section authorizes that the facility payment 
guarantee should be for the term of the depreciation schedule 
or a maximum period determined by the Secretary of Agriculture.

Section 207. Food for Progress Act of 1985

    This section amends Section 1110 of the Food Security Act 
of 1985 (the Food for Progress Program) by extending the 
authorization of the program through 2012. The Food for 
Progress program, under which donated commodities provide for 
development projects in recipient countries, is reauthorized 
and established at a 500,000 tonnage minimum per year rather 
than the current 400,000 metric tonnage level.
    The Food for Progress Act directs USDA through the 
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) to provide a minimum of 
400,000 metric tons of commodities each year to developing 
countries that are introducing market reforms and supporting 
private sector development. These programs may be implemented 
by private voluntary organizations, cooperatives, 
intergovernmental organization and recipient country 
governments. The amount actually provided through CCC falls 
short of 400,000 metric tons because there is a limit on the 
amount of funds that CCC can provide for delivering the 
commodities and administering the programs overseas.
    USDA has authority to use P.L. 480 Title I funds in 
addition to the CCC funds to implement Food for Progress 
programs. In FY 2006, about 75 percent of Title I funds were 
used for this purpose. As no funds were appropriated for Title 
I in FY 2007, and the Administration seeks no funding in FY 
2008, the Committee is concerned that this means a cut in 
funding for Food for Progress programs.
    Many poor, developing countries are undergoing economic 
reform and, therefore, the demand for Food for Progress 
programs is great. Forty-six different private voluntary 
organizations applied for Food for Progress programs and only a 
small fraction, about 12 percent, can be approved.

                  TITLE III. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Section 301. Technical Assistance for Specialty Crops

    Section 301 amends Section 3205 of the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment Act of 2002 (2002 Farm Bill) by increasing the 
maximum amount of assistance that can be provided to a project 
under this program to $500,000. This section also expands 
mandatory funding for the TASC grant program by $2 million per 
year up to $10 million in 2011.

Section 302. Support for Sanitary and Phytosanitary Priorities of the 
        United States Within Certain International Organizations

    Section 302 authorizes the Department of Agriculture to 
enhance United States support for international organizations, 
such as the Codex Alimentarius, the International Plant 
Protection Convention, and the World Animal Health 
Organization, that establish international standards regarding 
food, food safety, plants, and animals, respectively, to 
address sanitary and phytosanitary priorities of the United 
States within applicable organizations.

Section 303. Technical Assistance for the Resolution of Trade Disputes

    This section authorizes such sums for enhanced monitoring, 
technical assistance, and analytical support to limited 
resource agriculture persons and organizations, as determined 
by the Secretary, to address unfair trade practices, property 
right violations, and to reduce trade barriers.

Section 304. Sense of Congress Concerning the Global Crop Diversity 
        Trust

    This section provides a series of findings on the 
importance of crop diversity and the role of the Global Crop 
Diversity Trust in addressing this issue. The section also 
provides a sense of Congress that Congress should provide 
significant U.S. financial resources to the Trust to ensure the 
conservation of crop diversity.
    The Committee has included language in Section 304 
acknowledging the important work of the Global Crop Diversity 
Trust, and its efforts to ensure the long-term productivity of 
agriculture worldwide by conserving and making available key 
collections of crop diversity required by crop improvement 
programs. The Trust was established as an independent entity 
and is formally linked to the 2001 International Treaty on 
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. It is an 
essential element of the Treaty's funding strategy to conserve 
crop diversity and make it readily available, for example to 
plant breeders and researchers in their efforts to combat 
disease and pest outbreaks and to increase drought tolerance, 
foster climatic adaptation, and enhance the nutritional quality 
of food. Crop diversity is one of the world's least recognized 
but most valuable resources. Without crop diversity, 
agriculture cannot retain current productivity levels. 
Conserving crop diversity is a prerequisite for eradicating 
poverty in developing countries, providing sufficient food for 
the world's growing population, and responding to climate 
change and any future constraints to water and energy supplies.
    The Committee notes that an endowment has been established 
by the Trust, which will ensure the conservation and 
availability of this priceless biological resource in 
perpetuity, through a scientific, cost efficient strategy 
relying on existing institutions and simple proven 
technologies. This will protect crop diversity from the dangers 
of unpredictable and unreliable funding, eliminate the 
duplication and waste inherent in the haphazard funding 
arrangements currently in place, and allow for the creation of 
an efficient and effective system for the conservation and 
availability of crop diversity worldwide. A global response is 
required, as neither the US nor any other country in the world 
is self-sufficient in plant genetic resources.
    Since its formal establishment in 2004 the Trust has 
secured over $135 million from a wide array of donors. While 
the U.S. was an early supporter and has contributed $6.5 
million to date, the Committee believes that the U.S. should 
provide significant financial resources to the Trust. The 
Trust's ultimate goal is to raise $260 million which will 
enable the establishment of an endowment that will (in 
conjunction with other efforts now underway) secure the 
conservation and availability of the genetic diversity of the 
world's major crops in perpetuity. The Committee believes that 
the appropriate U.S. contribution to the effort should be 
$60,000,000 over the next five years. Since crop genebanks 
around the world are so critical for sustaining the U.S. food 
supply system and a major sector of the U.S. economy, full 
support of the Global Crop Diversity Trust and its conservation 
goals is essential.

Section 305. Technical and Conforming Changes

    This section amends Section 3206 of the Farm Security and 
Rural Investment Act of 2002 by making conforming changes to 
the Global Market Strategy section.

Section 306. Rule of Construction

    This section states that nothing in the Act shall be 
construed to supersede any provision of the Trade Sanctions and 
Export Enhancement Act of 2000.

         Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported

  In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of 
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by 
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law 
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new 
matter is printed in italics, existing law in which no change 
is proposed is shown in roman):

AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 2. UNITED STATES POLICY.

   It is the policy of the United States to use its abundant 
agricultural productivity to promote the foreign policy of the 
United States by enhancing the food security of the developing 
world through the use of agricultural commodities and local 
currencies accruing under this Act to--
          (1) combat chronic world hunger and malnutrition and 
        their causes;

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (5) foster and encourage the development of private 
        enterprise and democratic participation in developing 
        countries; [and]
          (6) prevent conflicts[.]; and
          (7) respond to emergency needs and food crises;
          (8) implement an effective and efficient food 
        assistance program that incorporates adequate resources 
        for both emergency and non-emergency food assistance 
        programs; and
          (9) provide adequate resources for non-emergency food 
        assistance programs to address the causes of chronic 
        hunger and food insecurity, to protect the livelihoods 
        and health of vulnerable populations, to meet the 
        nutritional needs of all members of the community 
        (particularly children), to prevent future hunger 
        related emergencies, and to promote participation in 
        productive activities.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          TITLE II--EMERGENCY AND PRIVATE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS

SEC. 201. GENERAL AUTHORITY.

  [The President]
  (a) Program Required.--The President shall establish a 
program under this title to provide agricultural commodities to 
foreign countries on behalf of the people of the United States 
to--
          [(1) address famine or other urgent or extraordinary 
        relief requirements;]
          (1) address famine and food crises and respond to 
        emergency food needs arising from manmade disasters, 
        such as policy-based disasters, economic shocks, and 
        conflict or civil strife, and natural disasters;

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (5) promote sound environmental practices; [and]
          (6) carry out feeding programs[.]; and
          (7) promote participation in educational, training, 
        and other productive activities.
[Such program]
  (b) Implementation.--Such program shall be implemented by the 
Administrator.

SEC. 202. PROVISION OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (e) Support for Eligible Organizations.--
          (1) In general.--Of the funds made available in each 
        fiscal year under this title to the Administrator, not 
        less than [5 percent nor more than 10 percent] 10 
        percent but not more than 12.5 percent of the funds 
        shall be made available in each fiscal year to eligible 
        organizations described in subsection (d), [to assist 
        the organizations in] to provide such organizations 
        financial assistance in order to--
                  (A) [establishing] establish new programs 
                under this title; [and]
                  (B) [meeting] meet specific administrative, 
                [management, personnel and internal 
                transportation and distribution costs] 
                management, operational, technical, personnel 
                and other programming costs for carrying out 
                programs in foreign countries under this 
                title[.]; and
                  (C) improve and implement methodologies for 
                food assistance programs, including needs 
                assessments and monitoring and evaluation.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (h) Streamlined Program Management.--
          (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (3) Consultation.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) Consultation with congressional 
                committees.--Not later than 180 days after the 
                date of enactment of this subsection, the 
                Administrator shall consult with the Committee 
                on Agriculture and the [Committee on 
                International Relations] Committee on Foreign 
                Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
                Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate on progress made in 
                carrying out this subsection.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 203. GENERATION AND USE OF CURRENCIES BY PRIVATE VOLUNTARY 
                    ORGANIZATIONS AND COOPERATIVES. .

  (a) * * *
  (b) Minimum Level of Local Sales.--In carrying out agreements 
of the type referred to in subsection (a), the Administrator 
shall permit private voluntary organizations and cooperatives 
to sell, [1 or more recipient countries] in 1 or more recipient 
countries, or in 1 or more countries in the same region, an 
amount of commodities equal to not less than 15 percent of the 
aggregate amounts of all commodities distributed under non-
emergency programs under this title for each fiscal year, to 
generate proceeds to be used as provided in this section.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 204. LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE.

  (a) Minimum Levels.--
          (1) Minimum assistance.--Except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), the Administrator shall make 
        agricultural commodities available for food 
        distribution under this title in an amount that for 
        each of fiscal years [2002 through 2007] 2008 through 
        2012 is not less than 2,500,000 metric tons.
          (2) Minimum non-emergency assistance.--Of the amounts 
        specified in paragraph (1), and except as provided in 
        paragraph (3), the Administrator shall make 
        agricultural commodities available for non-emergency 
        food distribution through eligible organizations under 
        section 202 in an amount that for each of fiscal years 
        [2002 through 2007] 2008 through 2012 is not less than 
        1,875,000 metric tons.
          (3) Exception.--The Administrator may waive the 
        requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) for any fiscal 
        year if the Administrator determines that such 
        quantities of commodities cannot be used effectively to 
        carry out this title or in order to meet an emergency. 
        In making a waiver under this paragraph, the 
        Administrator shall prepare and submit to the 
        Committees on [International Relations] Foreign 
        Affairs, Agriculture and Appropriations of the House of 
        Representatives, and the Committees on Appropriations 
        and Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
        a report containing the reasons for the waiver. No 
        waiver shall be made before the beginning of the 
        applicable fiscal year.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 205. FOOD AID CONSULTATIVE GROUP.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (e) Sense of Congress on Integrated and Effective Food 
Assistance Program.--It is the sense of Congress that the Group 
should make every effort to develop a strategy to achieve a 
more integrated and effective food assistance program.
  (f) Report to Congress.--
          (1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the 
        date of the enactment of the Food Security and 
        Agricultural Development Act of 2007, and annually 
        thereafter until December 31, 2012, the Administrator 
        of the United States Agency for International 
        Development, in close consultation with the Group, 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report on efforts taken by the United 
        States Agency for International Development and the 
        Department of Agriculture to develop a strategy under 
        this section to achieve an integrated and effective 
        food assistance program.
          (2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In 
        this subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional 
        committees'' means--
                  (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
                and Forestry of the Senate.
  [(e)] (g) Advisory Committee Act.--The Federal Advisory 
Committee Act (5 U.S.C. App.) shall not apply to the Group.
  [(f)] (h) Termination.--The Group shall terminate on December 
31, [2007] 2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 207. ADMINISTRATION.

  (a) Proposals.--
          (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (3) Denial.--If a proposal under paragraph (1) is 
        denied, the response shall specify the reasons for 
        denial [and the conditions that must be met for the 
        approval of such proposal].

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (c) Regulations.--
          (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          [(3) Handbooks.--Handbooks developed by the 
        Administrator to assist in carrying out the program 
        under this title shall be designed to foster the 
        development of programs under this title by eligible 
        organizations.]

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (f) Program Oversight, Monitoring, and Evaluation.--
          (1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation 
        with the Secretary, shall establish systems to improve, 
        monitor, and evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency 
        of assistance provided under this title in order to 
        maximize the impact of such assistance.
          (2) Report to congress.--Not later than 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of Food Security and 
        Agricultural Development Act of 2007, the Administrator 
        shall submit to the appropriate congressional 
        committees a report on efforts undertaken to implement 
        paragraph (1).
          (3) Government accountability office.--Not later than 
        270 days after the date of the submission of the report 
        under paragraph (2), the Comptroller General of the 
        United States shall submit to the appropriate 
        congressional committees a report that--
                  (A) reviews and comments on the report under 
                paragraph (2); and
                  (B) provides recommendations regarding any 
                additional actions necessary to improve the 
                monitoring and evaluation of assistance 
                provided under this title.
          (4) Contracting authority.--In carrying out this 
        subsection, notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
        the Administrator may contract with individuals for 
        personal services, provided that such individuals shall 
        not be regarded as employees of the United States 
        Government for the purpose of any law administered by 
        the Civil Service Commission.
          (5) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In 
        this subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional 
        committees'' means--
                  (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
                and Forestry of the Senate.
  (g) Indirect Support Costs to United Nations World Food 
Program.--
          (1) In general.--Notwithstanding any other provision 
        of law, in providing assistance under this title, the 
        Administrator may make contributions to the United 
        Nations World Food Program to the extent that such 
        contributions are made in accordance with the United 
        Nations World Food Program's rules and regulations for 
        indirect cost rates. Prior to making a contribution to 
        the United Nations World Food Program under this 
        subsection, the Administrator shall submit to the 
        appropriate congressional committees a report that 
        contains the proposed level of the contribution and the 
        reasons for such proposed level.
          (2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In 
        this subsection, the term ``appropriate congressional 
        committees'' means--
                  (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the 
                Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
                Representatives; and
                  (B) the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, 
                and Forestry of the Senate.

SEC. 208. ASSISTANCE FOR STOCKPILING AND RAPID TRANSPORTATION, 
                    DELIVERY, AND DISTRIBUTION OF SHELF-STABLE 
                    PREPACKAGED FOODS.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to 
be appropriated to the Administrator to carry out this section, 
in addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this 
section, $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 
[2007] 2012, to remain available until expended.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

TITLE IV--GENERAL AUTHORITIES AND REQUIREMENTS

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 407. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (c) Title II and III Program.--
          (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (4) Prepositioning.--[Funds]
                  (A) In general.--Funds made available for 
                fiscal years 2001 through [2007] 2012 to carry 
                out titles II and III may be used by the 
                Administrator to procure, transport, and store 
                agricultural commodities for prepositioning 
                within the United States and in foreign 
                countries[, except that for each such fiscal 
                year not more than $2,000,000 of such funds may 
                be used to store agricultural commodities for 
                prepositioning in foreign countries].
                  (B) Additional prepositioning sites.--
                          (i) Feasibility assessment.--On or 
                        after the date of the enactment of the 
                        Food Security and Agricultural 
                        Development Act of 2007, the 
                        Administrator is authorized to carry 
                        out assessments for the establishment 
                        of not less than two sites to determine 
                        the feasibility of and costs associated 
                        with using such sites for the purpose 
                        of storing and handling agricultural 
                        commodities for prepositioning in 
                        foreign countries.
                          (ii) Establishment of sites.--Based 
                        on the results of the assessments 
                        carried out under clause (i), the 
                        Administrator is authorized to 
                        establish additional sites for 
                        prepositioning in foreign countries.
                          (iii) Authorization of 
                        appropriations.--To carry out this 
                        subparagraph, there are authorized to 
                        be appropriated to the Administrator 
                        such sums as may be necessary for each 
                        of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (f) Annual Reports.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Contents.--Each report shall include--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) a general description of the projects or 
                activities implemented under this Act, 
                including local currency funded activities, and 
                the amount of funds, tonnage levels, and types 
                of activities for non-emergency food assistance 
                programs under title II of this Act;
                  (C) a statement of the amount of agricultural 
                commodities made available to each country 
                pursuant to section 416(b) of the Agricultural 
                Act of 1949 and the Food for Progress Act of 
                1985, and a general description of the projects 
                and activities implemented; and
                  [(D) an assessment of the progress towards 
                achieving food security in each country 
                receiving food assistance from the United 
                States Government, with special emphasis on the 
                nutritional status of the poorest populations 
                in each country.]
                  (D) an assessment of the progress toward 
                reducing food insecurity in the populations 
                receiving food assistance from the United 
                States.
          (3) Submission.--The President shall submit such 
        report not later than [January 15] March 1 of each year 
        to the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on 
        Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the 
        Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of 
        the Senate.

SEC. 408. EXPIRATION DATE.

  No agreements to finance sales or to provide other assistance 
under this Act shall be entered into after December 31, [2007] 
2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 412. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

  [(a) Reimbursement.--There are authorized to be appropriated 
such sums as may be necessary to carry out--
          [(1) the concessional credit sales program 
        established under title I;
          [(2) the emergency and private assistance program 
        under title II; and
          [(3) the grant program established under title III,
including such amounts as may be required to make payments to 
the Commodity Credit Corporation to the extent the Commodity 
Credit Corporation is not reimbursed under the programs under 
this Act for the actual costs incurred or to be incurred by 
such Corporation in carrying out such programs.]
  (a) Authorization of Appropriations.--
          (1) In general.--For each of the fiscal years 2008 
        through 2012, there are authorized to be appropriated 
        to the President--
                  (A) such sums as may be necessary to carry 
                out the concessional credit sales program 
                established under title I;
                  (B) $2,500,000,000 to carry out the emergency 
                and non-emergency food assistance programs 
                under title II ; and
                  (C) such sums as may be necessary to carry 
                out the grant program established under title 
                III.
          (2) Minimum level of non-emergency food assistance.--
        For each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012, of the 
        amounts made available to carry out emergency and non-
        emergency food assistance programs under title II, not 
        less than $600,000,000 for each such fiscal year shall 
        be obligated and expended for non-emergency food 
        assistance programs under title II.
          (3) Reimbursement.--For each of the fiscal years 2008 
        through 2012, there are authorized to be appropriated 
        such sums as may be necessary to make payments to the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation to the extent the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation is not reimbursed under 
        the programs under this Act for the actual costs 
        incurred or to be incurred by such Corporation in 
        carrying out such programs.
          (4) Availability.--Amounts appropriated pursuant to 
        the authorization of appropriations under this 
        subsection are--
                  (A) authorized to remain available until 
                expended; and
                  (B) in addition to funds otherwise available 
                for such purposes.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 413. COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION OF FOREIGN ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS.

  [To the maximum extent practicable, assistance for a foreign 
country under title III shall be coordinated and integrated 
with United States development assistance objectives and 
programs for that country and with the overall development 
strategy of that country.] The Administrator shall, to the 
maximum extent practicable, coordinate and integrate assistance 
to a foreign country provided under title III with other United 
States development assistance programs and objectives provided 
under chapter 1 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
(22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), including assistance to combat HIV/
AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, assistance for child and 
maternal health, assistance for education, and assistance for 
agricultural development and economic growth. Such assistance 
shall also be coordinated and integrated with other United 
States foreign assistance programs, such as the Millennium 
Challenge Account. Such assistance shall also be coordinated 
and integrated with the overall development strategy of the 
recipient country, including the poverty reduction strategy of 
the recipient country, and in the recipient country with other 
donors, including international and regional organizations and 
other donor countries. [Special emphasis should be placed on] 
Special consideration should be given to, and funds devoted to, 
activities that will increase the nutritional impact of 
programs of assistance under title III, and child survival 
programs and projects, in least developed countries by 
improving the design and implementation of such programs and 
projects.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 415. MICRONUTRIENT FORTIFICATION PROGRAMS.

  (a) In General.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Purpose.--The purpose of a program shall be to--
                  (A) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                  (C) assess and apply technologies and systems 
                to improve and ensure the quality, shelf life, 
                bioavailability, and safety of fortified food 
                aid commodities, and products of those 
                commodities, that are provided to developing 
                countries, by [using the same mechanism that 
                was used to assess the micronutrient 
                fortification program in] utilizing 
                recommendations from the report entitled 
                ``Micronutrient Compliance Review of Fortified 
                P.L. 480 Commodities', published October 2001 
                [with funds from the Bureau for Humanitarian 
                Response of the United States Agency for 
                International Development] with implementation 
                by an independent entity with proven 
                impartiality and a mechanism that incorporates 
                the range of stakeholders implementing programs 
                under title II of this Act as well as other 
                food assistance industry experts.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (d) Termination of Authority.--The authority to carry out 
programs established under this section shall terminate on 
September 30, [2007] 2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                   TITLE V--FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM

SEC. 501. JOHN OGONOWSKI AND DOUG BEREUTER FARMER-TO-FARMER PROGRAM.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (d) Minimum Funding.--Notwithstanding any other provision of 
law, in addition to any funds that may be specifically 
appropriated to carry out this section, not less than 0.5 
percent of the amounts made available for each of fiscal years 
[2002 through 2007] 2008 through 2012 to carry out this Act 
shall be used to carry out programs under this section, with--
          (1) not less than 0.2 percent to be used for programs 
        in developing countries; and
          (2) not less than 0.1 percent to be used for programs 
        in sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries.
  (e) Authorization of Appropriations.--
          (1) In general.--There is authorized to be 
        appropriated to carry out programs under this section 
        in sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Basin countries 
        $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years [2002 through 
        2007] 2008 through 2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              

                  BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST ACT

TITLE III--BILL EMERSON HUMANITARIAN TRUST

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 302. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMODITY TRUST.

  (a) In General.--To provide for a trust solely to meet 
emergency humanitarian food needs in developing countries, the 
Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this title as the 
``Secretary'') shall establish a trust stock of wheat, rice, 
corn, or sorghum, or any combination of the commodities, 
totaling not more than 4,000,000 metric tons, an amount of 
funds equivalent to 4,000,000 metric tons of commodities, or 
any combination of commodities and funds equivalent to 
4,000,000 metric tons for use as described in subsection (c).
  (b) Commodities or Funds in Trust.--
          (1) * * *
          (2) Replenishment of trust.--
                  (A) * * *
                  (B) Funds.--Any funds used to acquire 
                eligible commodities through purchases from 
                producers or in the market to replenish the 
                trust shall be derived--
                          (i) with respect to fiscal years 
                        [2000 through 2007] 2008 through 2012 
                        from funds made available to carry out 
                        the Agricultural Trade Development and 
                        Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1691 
                        et seq.) that are used to repay or 
                        reimburse the Commodity Credit 
                        Corporation for the release of eligible 
                        commodities under subsections (c)(2) 
                        and (f)(2), except that, of such funds, 
                        not more than [$20,000,000] $60,000,000 
                        may be expended for this purpose in 
                        each of the fiscal years [2000 through 
                        2007] 2008 through 2012; and

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (h) Termination of Authority.--
          (1) In general.--The authority to replenish stocks of 
        eligible commodities to maintain the trust established 
        under this section shall terminate on September 30, 
        [2007] 2012.
          (2) Disposal of eligible commodities.--Eligible 
        commodities remaining in the trust after September 30, 
        [2007] 2012, shall be disposed of by release for use in 
        providing for emergency humanitarian food needs in 
        developing countries as provided in this section.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              

FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT OF 2002

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

TITLE III--TRADE

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

Subtitle B--Agricultural Trade Act of 1978

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 3107. MCGOVERN-DOLE INTERNATIONAL FOOD FOR EDUCATION AND CHILD 
                    NUTRITION PROGRAM.

  (a)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (c) Eligible Commodities and Cost Items.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law--
          (1)  * * *
          (2) as necessary to achieve the purposes of this 
        section, funds appropriated under this section may be 
        used to pay--
                  (A)  * * *
                  (B) all or any part of the internal 
                transportation, storage, and handling costs 
                incurred in moving the eligible commodity, if 
                the [President] Secretary determines that--
                          (i)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (d) General Authorities.--[The President shall designate 1 or 
more Federal agencies to] The Secretary shall--
          (1)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (f) Procedures.--
          (1) In general.--In carrying out subsection (b), the 
        [President] Secretary shall ensure that procedures are 
        established that--
                  (A)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (2) Priorities for program funding.--In carrying out 
        paragraph (1) with respect to criteria for determining 
        the use of commodities and other assistance provided 
        for programs and activities authorized under this 
        section, the [implementing agency] Secretary may 
        consider the ability of eligible entities to--
                  (A)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (h) Multilateral Involvement.--
          (1) In general.--The [President] Secretary is urged 
        to engage existing international food aid coordinating 
        mechanisms to ensure multilateral commitments to, and 
        participation in, programs similar to programs 
        supported under this section.
          (2) Reports.--The [President] Secretary shall 
        annually submit to the Committee on International 
        Relations and the Committee on Agriculture of the House 
        of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
        Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on the 
        commitments and activities of governments, including 
        the United States government, in the global effort to 
        reduce child hunger and increase school attendance.
  (i) Private Sector Involvement.--The [President] Secretary is 
urged to encourage the support and active involvement of the 
private sector, foundations, and other individuals and 
organizations in programs assisted under this section.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (l) Funding.--
          [(1) In general.--Of the funds of the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, the President shall use 
        $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2003 to carry out this 
        section.
          [(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are 
        authorized to be appropriated such sums as are 
        necessary to carry out this section for each of fiscal 
        years 2004 through 2007.]
          (1) Use of commodity credit corporation funds.--Of 
        the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the 
        Secretary shall use to carry out this section--
                  (A) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
                  (B) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
                  (C) $220,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
                  (D) $260,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
                  (E) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2012.
          [(3)] (2) Administrative expenses.--Funds made 
        available to carry out this section may be used to pay 
        the administrative expenses of [any Federal agency 
        implementing or assisting] the Department of 
        Agriculture or any other Federal department or agency 
        assisting in the implementation of this section.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

Subtitle C--Miscellaneous

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 3205. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR SPECIALTY CROPS.

  (a)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (d) Additional Requirements.--
          (1) Maximum award.--The maximum amount of assistance 
        provided annually to a project under the program shall 
        be $500,000.
          (2) Project duration.--The Secretary may extend a 
        project under the program irrespective of the initial 
        estimated duration of the project.
  [(d) Funding.--For each of fiscal years 2002 through 2007, 
the Secretary shall make available $2,000,000 of the funds of, 
or an equal value of commodities owned by, the Commodity Credit 
Corporation.]
  (e) Funding.--
          (1) Commodity credit corporation.--The Secretary 
        shall use the funds, facilities, and authorities of the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out this section.
          (2) Funding amount.--The Secretary shall make 
        available the following amounts of the funds of, or an 
        equal value of commodities owned by, the Commodity 
        Credit Corporation, to the maximum extent practicable, 
        for the following fiscal years to carry out this 
        section:
                  (A) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.
                  (B) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
                  (C) $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.
                  (D) $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2011 
                through 2015.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 3206. GLOBAL MARKET STRATEGY.

  (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary 
of Agriculture shall consult with the Committee on Agriculture, 
and the [Committee on International Relations] Committee on 
Foreign Affairs, of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate 
on the formulation and implementation of a global market 
strategy for the Department of Agriculture that, to the maximum 
extent practicable--
          (1)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              

AGRICULTURAL TRADE ACT OF 1978

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                 TITLE II--AGRICULTURAL EXPORT PROGRAMS

Subtitle A--Programs

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 202. EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAM.

  (a) Short-Term Credit Guarantees.--
          [(1) In general.--The Commodity] The Commodity Credit 
        Corporation may guarantee the repayment of credit made 
        available to finance commercial export sales of 
        agricultural commodities, including processed 
        agricultural products and high-value agricultural 
        products, from privately owned stocks on credit terms 
        that do not exceed a 3-year period.
          [(2) Supplier credits.--In carrying out this section, 
        the Commodity Credit Corporation may issue guarantees 
        for the repayment of credit made available for a period 
        of not more than 180 days by a United States exporter 
        to a buyer in a foreign country.
          [(3) Extended supplier credits.--
                  [(A) In general.--Subject to the 
                appropriation of funds under subparagraph (B), 
                in carrying out this section, the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation may issue guarantees for the 
                repayment of credit made available for a period 
                of more than 180 days, but not more than 360 
                days, by a United States exporter to a buyer in 
                a foreign country.
                  [(B) Authorization of appropriations.--There 
                are authorized to be appropriated such sums as 
                are necessary to fund the additional costs 
                attributable to the portion of any guarantee 
                issued under this paragraph to cover the 
                repayment of credit beyond the initial 180-day 
                period.
  [(b) Intermediate-Term Credit Guarantees.--Subject to the 
provisions of subsection (c), the Commodity Credit Corporation 
may guarantee the repayment of credit made available by 
financial institutions in the United States to finance 
commercial export sales of agricultural commodities, including 
processed agricultural products and high-value agricultural 
products, from privately owned stocks on credit terms that are 
for not less than a 3-year period nor for more than a 10-year 
period in a manner that will directly benefit United States 
agricultural producers.
  [(c) Required Determinations.--The Commodity Credit 
Corporation shall not guarantee under subsection (b) the 
repayment of credit made available to finance an export sale 
unless the Secretary determines that such sale will--
          [(1) develop, expand, or maintain the importing 
        country as a foreign market, on a long-term basis, for 
        the commercial sale and export of United States 
        agricultural commodities, without displacing normal 
        commercial sales;
          [(2) improve the capability of the importing country 
        to purchase and use, on a long-term basis, United 
        States agricultural commodities; or
          [(3) otherwise promote the export of United States 
        agricultural commodities.
The reference in paragraphs (1) and (2) to ``on a long-term 
basis'' shall not apply in the case of determinations with 
respect to sales to the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union.]
  [(d)] (b) Purpose of Program.--The Commodity Credit 
Corporation may use export credit guarantees authorized under 
this section--
          (1) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (4) for such other purposes as the Secretary 
        determines appropriate[, consistent with the provisions 
        of subsection (c)].
  [(e)] (c) Restrictions on Use of Credit Guarantees.--Export 
credit guarantees authorized by this section shall not be used 
for foreign aid, foreign policy, or debt rescheduling purposes. 
The provisions of the cargo preference laws shall not apply to 
export sales with respect to which credit is guaranteed under 
this section.
  [(f)] (d) Restrictions.--
          [(1) In general.--The Commodity] The Commodity Credit 
        Corporation shall not make credit guarantees available 
        in connection with sales of agricultural commodities to 
        any country that the Secretary determines cannot 
        adequately service the debt associated with such sale.
          [(2) Criteria for determination.--In making the 
        determination required under paragraph (1) with respect 
        to credit guarantees under subsection (b) for a 
        country, the Secretary may consider, in addition to 
        financial, macroeconomic, and monetary indicators--
                  [(A) whether an International Monetary Fund 
                standby agreement, Paris Club rescheduling 
                plan, or other economic restructuring plan is 
                in place with respect to the country;
                  [(B) whether the country is addressing issues 
                such as--
                          [(i) the convertibility of the 
                        currency of the country;
                          [(ii) adequate legal protection for 
                        foreign investments;
                          [(iii) the viability of the financial 
                        markets of the country; and
                          [(iv) adequate legal protection for 
                        the private property rights of citizens 
                        of the country; or
                  [(C) any other factors that are relevant to 
                the ability of the country to service the debt 
                of the country.]
  [(g)] (e) Terms.--Export credit guarantees issued pursuant to 
this section shall contain such terms and conditions as the 
Commodity Credit Corporation determines to be necessary.
  [(h)] (f) United States Agricultural Commodities.--The 
Commodity Credit Corporation shall finance or guarantee under 
this section only United States agricultural commodities.
  [(i)] (g) Ineligibility of Financial Institutions.--
          (1)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (2) Third country banks.--The Commodity Credit 
        Corporation may guarantee under [subsections (a) and 
        (b)] subsection (a) the repayment of credit made 
        available to finance an export sale irrespective of 
        whether the obligor is located in the country to which 
        the export sale is destined.
  [(j)] (h) Conditions for Fish and Processed Fish Products.--
In making available any guarantees of credit under this section 
in connection with sales of fish and processed fish products, 
the Secretary shall make such guarantees available under terms 
and conditions that are comparable to the terms and conditions 
that apply to guarantees provided with respect to sales of 
other agricultural commodities under this section.
  [(k)] (i) Processed and High-Value Products.--
          (1) In general.--In issuing export credit guarantees 
        under this section, the Commodity Credit Corporation 
        shall, subject to paragraph (2), ensure that not less 
        than 25 percent for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, 
        30 percent for each of fiscal years 1998 and 1999, and 
        35 percent for each of fiscal years 2000 through [2007] 
        2012, of the total amount of credit guarantees issued 
        for a fiscal year is issued to promote the export of 
        processed or high-value agricultural products and that 
        the balance is issued to promote the export of bulk or 
        raw agricultural commodities.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  [(l)] (j) Consultation on Agricultural Export Credit 
Programs.--The Secretary and the United States Trade 
Representative shall consult on a regular basis with the 
Committee on Agriculture, and the Committee on International 
Relations, of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate on the 
status of multilateral negotiations regarding agricultural 
export credit programs.

SEC. 203. MARKET ACCESS PROGRAM.

  (a) In General.--The Commodity Credit Corporation shall 
establish and carry out a program to encourage the development, 
maintenance, and expansion of commercial export markets for 
agricultural commodities (including commodities that are 
organically produced (as defined in section 2103 of the Organic 
Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6502))) through cost-
share assistance to eligible trade organizations that implement 
a foreign market development program.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                       Subtitle B--Implementation

SEC. 211. FUNDING LEVELS.

  (a) * * *
  [(b) Export Credit Guarantee Programs.--
          [(1) Export credit guarantees.--The Commodity Credit 
        Corporation shall make available for each of fiscal 
        years 1996 through 2007 not less than $5,500,000,000 in 
        credit guarantees under subsections (a) and (b) of 
        section 202.
          [(2) Limitation on origination fee.--Notwithstanding 
        any other provision of law, the Secretary may not 
        charge an origination fee with respect to any credit 
        guarantee transaction under section 202(a) in excess of 
        an amount equal to 1 percent of the amount of credit to 
        be guaranteed under the transaction, except with 
        respect to an export credit guarantee transaction 
        pursuant to section 1542(b) of the Food, Agriculture, 
        Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-
        624; 7 U.S.C. 5622 note).]
  (b) Export Credit Guarantee Programs.--The Commodity Credit 
Corporation shall make available, to the maximum extent 
practicable, for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012 not 
less than $5,500,000,000 in credit guarantees under section 
202(a).
  (c) Market Access Programs.--
          (1) In general.--The Commodity Credit Corporation or 
        the Secretary shall make available for market access 
        activities authorized to be carried out by the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation under section 203--
                  (A) in addition to any funds that may be 
                specifically appropriated to implement a market 
                access program, not more than $90,000,000 for 
                fiscal year 2001, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 
                2002, $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2003, 
                $125,000,000 for fiscal year 2004, $140,000,000 
                for fiscal year 2005[, and $200,000,000 for 
                each of fiscal years 2006 and 2007] 
                $200,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 and 
                2007, and $225,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                2008 through 2012, of the funds of, or an equal 
                value of commodities owned by, the Commodity 
                Credit Corporation; and

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                 TITLE III--EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM

SEC. 301. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (e) Funding Levels.--
          [(1) In general.--The Commodity Credit Corporation 
        shall make available to carry out the program 
        established under this section not more than--
                  [(A) $350,000,000 for fiscal year 1996;
                  [(B) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
                  [(C) $500,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
                  [(D) $550,000,000 for fiscal year 1999;
                  [(E) $579,000,000 for fiscal year 2000;
                  [(F) $478,000,000 for fiscal year 2001; and
                  [(G) $478,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
                2002 through 2007.]
          (1) In general.--The Commodity Credit Corporation 
        shall make available to carry out the program 
        established under this section not more than 
        $478,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 through 
        2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 304. ASSISTANCE TO ADDRESS SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY BARRIERS TO 
                    TRADE.

  (a) Assistance Authorized.--The Secretary is authorized to 
enter into contracts with technical experts and scientists, or 
provide grants to appropriate entities, as determined by the 
Secretary, to address sanitary, phytosanitary, and technical 
barriers to the export of United States agricultural 
commodities, including meat, poultry, and specialty crops, by--
          (1) contracting with technical experts and scientists 
        outside of the Federal government to address sanitary 
        and phytosanitary issues, and other issues regarding 
        technical barriers, involving agricultural commodities 
        and the products of such agricultural commodities; and
          (2) commissioning targeted outside scientific reports 
        on sanitary and phytosanitary issues, and other issues 
        regarding technical barriers, involving agricultural 
        commodities and the products of such agricultural 
        commodities.
  (b) Targeted Trade Issues.--Projects funded under this 
section may include projects relating to the acceptance by 
foreign markets of--
          (1) antimicrobial treatments;
          (2) wood-packaging material;
          (3) irradiation;
          (4) biotechnology;
          (5) science-based maximum residue level standards;
          (6) testing procedures and controls for mycotoxins;
          (7) labeling; and
          (8) shelf life.
  (c) Funding.--
          (1) Commodity credit corporation.--The Secretary 
        shall use the funds, facilities, and authorities of the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out this section.
          (2) Funding amount.--The Secretary shall use, to the 
        maximum extent practicable, $2,000,000 of the funds of 
        the Commodity Credit Corporation to carry out this 
        section for each of fiscal years 2008 through 2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

TITLE VII--FOREIGN MARKET DEVELOPMENT COOPERATOR PROGRAM

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 702. FOREIGN MARKET DEVELOPMENT COOPERATOR PROGRAM.

  (a) * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (c) Report to Congress.--The Secretary shall annually submit 
to the Committee on Agriculture and the [Committee on 
International Relations] Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, 
Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on activities 
under this section describing the amount of funding provided, 
the types of programs funded, the value-added products that 
have been targeted, and the foreign markets for those products 
that have been developed.

SEC. 703. FUNDING.

  (a) In General.--To carry out this title, the Secretary shall 
use funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, or commodities 
of the Commodity Credit Corporation of a comparable value, in 
the amount of $34,500,000 for each of fiscal years [2002 
through 2007] 2008 through 2012.
  (b) Program Priorities.--In providing any amount of funds or 
commodities made available under subsection (a) for any fiscal 
year that is in excess of the amount made available under this 
section for fiscal year [2001] 2007, the Secretary shall, to 
the maximum extent practicable--
          (1)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              

 SECTION 1542 OF THE FOOD, AGRICULTURE, CONSERVATION, AND TRADE ACT OF 
1990

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

SEC. 1542. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EMERGING MARKETS.

  (a) Funding.--The Commodity Credit Corporation shall make 
available for fiscal years 1996 through [2007] 2012 not less 
than $1,000,000,000 of direct credits or export credit 
guarantees for exports to emerging markets under section 201 or 
202 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5621 and 
5622), in addition to the amounts acquired or authorized under 
section 211 of the Act (7 U.S.C. 5641) for the program.
  (b) Facilities and Services.--[A portion]
          (1) In general.--A portion of such export credit 
        guarantees shall be made available for--
                  [(1)] (A) the establishment or improvement of 
                facilities, or
                  [(2)] (B) the provision of services or United 
                States products goods,
in emerging markets by United States persons to improve 
handling, marketing, processing, storage, or distribution of 
imported agricultural commodities and products thereof if the 
Secretary of Agriculture determines that such guarantees will 
primarily promote the export of United States agricultural 
commodities (as defined in section 102(7) of the Agricultural 
Trade Act of 1978). [The Commodity Credit Corporation]
          (2) Priority.--The Commodity Credit Corporation shall 
        give priority under this subsection to--
                  (A) projects that encourage the privatization 
                of the agricultural sector or that benefit 
                private farms or cooperatives in emerging 
                markets; and
                  (B) projects for which nongovernmental 
                persons agree to assume a relatively larger 
                share of the costs.
          (3) Initial payment.--The Secretary may require an 
        initial down payment, upon such terms as the Secretary 
        may determine, by the beneficiary of the credit 
        guarantee as a condition of providing a credit 
        guarantee under this subsection.
          (4) Maximum liability.--The liability of the 
        Commodity Credit Corporation under a guarantee provided 
        pursuant to this section may not exceed 98 percent of--
                  (A) the principal amount involved in the 
                underlying financial arrangement for 
                construction of the facility; and
                  (B) the interest on the outstanding principal 
                amount at the rate specified in the underlying 
                financial arrangement for construction of the 
                facility.
          (5) Term of guarantee.--A facility payment guarantee 
        under this subsection shall be for a term that is not 
        more than the lesser of--
                  (A) the term of the depreciation schedule of 
                the facility assisted; or
                  (B) a maximum period, as determined by the 
                Secretary.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (d) E (Kika) de la Garza Agricultural Fellowship Program.--
The Secretary of Agriculture (hereafter in this section 
referred to as the ``Secretary'') shall establish a program, to 
be known as the ``E (Kika) de la Garza Agricultural Fellowship 
Program'', to develop agricultural markets in emerging markets 
and to promote cooperation and exchange of information between 
agricultural institutions and agribusinesses in the United 
States and emerging markets, as follows:
          (1) Development of agricultural systems.--
                  (A) In general.--
                          (i) Establishment of program.--For 
                        each of the fiscal years 1991 through 
                        [2007] 2012, the Secretary of 
                        Agriculture (hereafter in this section 
                        referred to as the ``Secretary''), in 
                        order to develop, maintain, or expand 
                        markets for United States agricultural 
                        exports, is directed to make available 
                        to emerging markets the expertise of 
                        the United States to make assessments 
                        of the food and rural business systems 
                        needs of such democracies, make 
                        recommendations on measures necessary 
                        to enhance the effectiveness of the 
                        systems, including potential reductions 
                        in trade barriers, and identify and 
                        carry out specific opportunities and 
                        projects to enhance the effectiveness 
                        of those systems.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                              ----------                              

                     FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT OF 1985

  Sec. 1110. (a) This section may be cited as the ``Food for 
Progress Act of 1985''.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (f) Provision of Eligible Commodities to Developing 
Countries.--(1)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (3) No funds of the Corporation in excess of $40,000,000 
(exclusive of the cost of eligible commodities) may be used for 
each of fiscal years [1996 through 2007] 2008 through 2012 to 
carry out this section with respect to eligible commodities 
made available under section 416(b) of the Agricultural Act of 
1949 unless authorized in advance in appropriation Acts.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (g) Minimum Tonnage.--Subject to subsection (f)(3), not less 
than [400,000] 500,000 metric tons of eligible commodities may 
be provided under this section for the program for each of 
fiscal years [2002 through 2007] 2008 through 2012.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (j) Multicountry or Multiyear Basis.--
          (1)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

          (3) Report.--Not later than December 1 of each fiscal 
        year, the President shall submit to the Committee on 
        Agriculture and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 
        House of Representatives and the Committee on 
        Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a 
        list of programs, countries, and eligible commodities, 
        and the total amount of funds for transportation and 
        administrative costs, approved to date for the fiscal 
        year under this section.
  (k) Effective and Termination Dates.--This section shall be 
effective during the period beginning October 1, 1985, and 
ending December 31, [2007] 2012.
  (l) Administrative Expenses.--(1) To enhance the development 
of private sector agriculture in countries receiving assistance 
under this section the President may, in each of the fiscal 
years [1996 through 2007] 2008 through 2012, use in addition to 
any amounts or eligible commodities otherwise made available 
under this section for such activities, not to exceed 
$$15,000,000 (or, in the case of fiscal year 1999, $12,000,000) 
of Corporation funds (or eligible commodities of an equal value 
owned by the Corporation), to provide assistance in the 
administration, sale, and monitoring of food assistance 
programs, and to provide technical assistance for monetization 
programs, to strengthen private sector agriculture in recipient 
countries.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

  (n) Program Management.--
          (1)  * * *
          (2) Requirements.--
                  (A)  * * *

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                  (C) Consultations.--Not later than 1 year 
                after the date of enactment of this paragraph, 
                the President shall consult with the Committee 
                on Agriculture, and the [Committee on 
                International Relations] Committee on Foreign 
                Affairs, of the House of Representatives and 
                the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
                Forestry of the Senate on changes made in 
                regulations and procedures.

           *       *       *       *       *       *       *

                                  
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