1

To: US EPA OAQPS

From: SRA International, Inc.

Subject: Summary of State NOx Regulations for Selected Stationary Sources

Date: September 30 , 2014

SRA compiled a summary of state/local NOx emission control regulations pertaining six categories of

nonEGUs:

 Cement kilns

 Industrial/Commercial/Institutional (ICI) Boilers

– Coal

- fired

 ICI Boilers

– Gas

- fired

 ICI Boilers

– Oil

- fired

 Gas Turbines

 Internal Combustion (IC) Engines

The analysis included 27 states in the eastern two

- thirds of the U.S. For each of these states and source

categories, we identified state

- specific sub

- categories (e.g. f uel type or size threshold), the NOx e mission

l imit or control requirement, a veraging t ime for the emission limit, ge ographic a pplicability w ithin the

s tate , testing/monitoring requirements, and rule citation. This information is contained in the attached

spreadsheet ( Draft State NOx RACT Limits 2014_04_01 .xlsx)

.

Attachment 1 is a n overall summary of the relative stringency of the NOx requirements by geographic

area and source category. We also prepared a 2

- page summary for each of the six categories to concisely

compare state NOx emission limits or control requirements. These are shown in Attachments 2 to 7 , along

with notes highlighting the major differences between the state regulations.

Please let us know should you have questions or comments about any of the data presented in this

memorandum.2 Attachment 1

– Relative Stringency of NOx Requirements

Source Category States/Areas with

Mo st Stringent Regulations States/Areas with

Less Stringent Regulations States with

No Regulations or Sources

Cement Kilns 1 States : IL, MD, NY, PA, TX

Areas : Ellis County, TX States : AL (NOx SIP area), IN, KY,

MO, MI, OH, SC, TN, VA , WV States : AR, FL, GA, MS, OK

States with no cement k ilns :
CT, DE, LA, MA, NC, NJ, WI

Coal

- fired ICI Boilers 2 States : NY

Areas : Chicago, St. Louis (IL portion),

Baton Rouge, Houston

- Galveston (coke

fired) , Milwaukee, States : FL, GA, IN, MA, MD, MI, PA,

TN, VA

Areas : Chicago, St. Louis (MO
portion), Baton Rouge, Charlotte,

Cleveland States : AL, AR, KY, MS

, OK, SC, TX
(except Houst on

- Galveston) WV

NE States with no coal

-

fired ICI

boilers : CT, DE, NJ

Gas

- fired ICI Boilers States : NJ, NY, PA

Areas : Chicago, St. Louis (IL portion),

Baton Rouge, Beaumont

- Port Arthur,

Cleveland, Dallas, Houston , Milwaukee States : CT, DE, FL,GA, MA, MD, MI,

MO, TN , VA

Areas : Clark/Floyd Counties, St.

Louis (MO portion), Charlotte States : AL, AR, KY, MS, OK, SC, WV

Oil

- fired ICI Boilers States : NJ, NY, PA

Areas : Chicago, St. Louis (IL portion),

Baton Rouge, Cleveland, Dallas, Houston,

Milwaukee States : CT, DE, FL, GA, MA, MD,

MI, TN, VA

Areas : Clark/Floyd Counties, St.

Louis (MO portion), Charlotte States : AL, AR, KY, MS, OK, SC, WV

Gas Turbines States : NJ

Ar eas : GA 45

- county area, Dallas,

Houston, Milwaukee States : CT, DE, FL, LA, MA, MD,

NY, PA, TN, VA

Areas : Chicago, St. Louis (IL
portion), St. Louis (MO portion),

Charlotte, Cleveland, States : AL, AR, IN, KY, MI, MS, OK,

SC, WV

IC Engines > about 500 hp States : MD, NJ, NY

Areas : Chicago, St. Louis (IL portion),

Dallas, Houston States : CT, DE, MA, MI, PA, TN, VA

Areas : Baton Rouge, St. Louis (MO
portion), Charlotte, Cleveland,

Milwaukee States : AL, AR, IN, KY , MS, OK, SC,

WV

1) Cement kiln emission limits imposed by recent EPA enforcement settlements tend to be more stringent than the emission control

requirements in state rules.
2) CT, DE and NJ have no active coal

- fired boilers, so the stringency of their regulations for coal

- fired ICI boilers is difficult to evaluate3 Attachment 2

- Cement Kilns

NOx Limit (lbs/ton clinker)

State Long Dry Long Wet Pre

- heater Pre

- calciner

AL Ozone season: low

- NOx burners, mid

- kiln system firing, or approved ACT

AR No Limits No Limits No Limits No Limits

CT No Cement Kilns in State

DE No Cement Kilns in State

FL No Limits No Limits No Limits No Limits

GA No Limits No Limits No Limits No Limits

IL 5.1 5.1 3.8 2.8

IN 6.0 5.1 3.8 2.8

IN (Clark/Floyd) 10.8 (op day)/

6 (30 day) No Limits 5.9 (op day)/

4.4 (30 day) No Limits

KY 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6

LA No Cement Kilns in State

MA No Cement Kilns in State

MD 5.1 6.0 2.8 2.8

MI 6.0 5.1 3.8 2.8

MO 6.0 6.8 4.1 2.7

MS No Limits No Limits No Limits No Limits

NC No Cement Kilns in State

NJ No Cement Kilns in State

NY Case

- by

- case RACT Determination

OH Ozone season: low

- NOx burners, mid

- kiln system firing, or approved ACT

OK No Limits No Limits No Limits No Limits

PA 3.44 * 3.88 * 2.36 * 2.36 *

SC Ozone season: low

- NOx burners, mid

- kiln system firing, or approved ACT

TN Ozone season: low

- NOx burners, mid

- kiln system firing, or approved ACT

TX 5.1 4 3.8 2.8

TX
(Ellis County) No Limits 3.4 No Limits 1.7

VA Case

- by

- case RACT Determination

WI No Cement Kilns in State

WV Ozone season: low

- NOx burners, mid

- kiln system firing, or approved ACT

ACT = Alternative Control Technology

* P ennsylvania has proposed “RACT 2” presumptive RACT limits4

Observations Regarding State NOx Rules for Cement Kilns :

 Geographic Applicability

 All NOx SIP Call states with cement kilns have NOx rules in place

 Since only portions of Alabama, Michigan, and Missouri were affected by NOx SIP Call, the

NOx rules only apply in the affected counties.

 States not included in the NOx SIP Call do not have NOx RACT for cement kilns, except for

Texas. The Texas NOx requirem ents only apply in in Bexar, Comal, Ellis, Hays, and McLennan

Counties.

 Form of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 A few states express the requirement as “at least one of the following: low

- NO x burners, mid

- kiln

system firing, alternative control tech niques or reasonably available control technology approved

by the Director and the EPA as achieving at least the same emissions decreases as with low

- NOX

burners or mid

- kiln system firing

. ”

 A few states specify presumptive emission limits in terms of poun ds of NOx per ton of clinker.

 Three states do not set presumptive emission limits but rather require facilities to submit a case

by

- case RACT determination. Pennsylvania has a proposed regulation that will specify

presumptive RACT limits; current rules req uire sources to h old 1 trading allowance per ton of

NOx c alculate d by m

ultiplying tons clinker by the presumptive NOx limit

.

 Stringency of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 For states requiring “ low

- NOX burners, mid

- kiln system firing, or ACT”, it is generally assumed

that this will result in a 30% reduction from uncontrolled levels.

 For states with numerical emission limits, the limits generally represent a 20

– 40 % reduction

from uncontrolled levels, depending on the type of kiln

.

 Texas has very stringent limits for kilns in Ellis County.

 Pennsylvania has proposed presumptive RACT emission limitation s in April 2014 that are more

stringent than existing presumptive RACT limits in other states.5 Attachment 3

– Coal

- fired Boilers

NOx Limit (lbs/mmBtu)

State Geographic Area Boilers

50

- 100 mmBtu/hr Boilers

100

- 250 mmBtu/hr Boilers

>250 mmBtu/hr

AL Statewide No limits No limits No limits

AR Statewide No limits No limits No limits

CT Statewide 0.29 to 0.43 0.29 to 0.43 0.29 to 0.43

DE Statewide LEA, Low NOx,

FGR 0.38 to 0.43 0.38 to 0.43

FL Broward, Dade, Palm Beach

Counties 0.9 0.9 0.9

GA 45 county area No limits 30 ppmvd @ 3%

O2 0.7

IL Chicago & St Louis areas Tune

- up 0.12 CFB

0.25 Other 0.12 CFB

0.18 Other

IN Clark and Floyd Counties No limits 0.4 to 0.5 0.4 to 0.5

KY Statewide No limits No limits No limits

LA Baton Rouge 5 counties &

Region of Influence 0.2 0.1 0.1

MA Statewide 0.43 0.33 to 0.45 0.33 to 0.45

MD Select counties No limits 0.38 to 1.0 0.38 to 1.0

MI Fine grid zone No limits No limits 0.4

MO St Louis area No limits 0.45 to 0.86 0.45 to 0.86

MS Statewide No limits No limits No limits

NC Charlotte 6 county area No limits 0.4 to 0.5 1.8

NJ Statewide 0.43 to 1.0 0.38 to 1.0 0.38 to 1.0

NY Statewide No limits 0.08 to 0.20 0.08 to 0.20

OH Cleveland 8 county area 0.3 0.3 0.3

OK Statewide No limits No limits No limits

PA Statewide 0.45 0.45 0.20 to 0.35

SC Statewide No limits No limits NOx SIP Call

TN 5 Counties Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT

TX Houston area 0.057

coke

- fired 0.057

coke

- fired 0.057

coke

- fired

VA Northern VA No limits 0.38 to 1.0 0.38 to 1.0

WI Milwaukee 7 county area 0.10 to 0.25 0.10 to 0.25 0.10 to 0.20

WV Statewide No limits No limits No limits6

Observations Regarding State NOx Rules for Coal

- fired Boilers :

 Geographic Applicability

 States in the OTR (CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, and PA ) have NOx emission requirements that

apply statewide, not just in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Six states (AL, AR, KY, MS, OK, and WV ) do not have regulations limiting NOx emissions.

 For the remaining states (FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MI, MO, NC, OH, TN, VA, WI) , the NOx

emission control requirements only apply in ozone nonattainment areas

.

 Texas onl y has emission limitations for coke

- fired boilers in the Houston

- Galveston

nonattainment area.

 Size Applicability

 Most of the states do not have NOx emission requirements for boilers less than 100 mmBtu/hour.

 10 states do regulation boilers in the 50

- 100 m mBtu size range.

 Form of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 Nearly all states express the NOx emission limits in terms of lbs/mmBtu.

 A few states require either a case

- by

- case RACT determination or specify specific types of

control equipment (e.g., low

- NOx burners, flue gas recirculation).

 Stringency of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 Most states specify different emission limits for different types of boilers and firing types (e.g.,

dry bottom tangential

- fired) vs. dry bottom wall

- fired)

 A few sta tes in the Northeast have very few or no coal

- fired ICI boilers, so the stringency of the

regulations in those states is difficult to evaluate. These states are CT, DE, NJ and MA.

 For boilers greater than 100 mmBtu/hour, the LADCO/OTC 1 Phase I recommended limits are in

the 0.2

- 0.3 lbs/mmBtu range (depending on boiler/firing configuration). The LADCO/OTC Phase

II recommended limits are in the 0.1

- 0.2 lbs/mmBtu range. F our areas have limits that generally

meet the LADCO/OTC recommendations (Chicago, Baton Rouge, New York State, and

Milwaukee.

 Texas has a very stringent limit (0.057 lbs/mmBtu) for coke

- fired boilers in the Houston

Galveston area.

1 Evaluation of Control Options for Industrial, Commercial and Institutional (ICI) Boilers Technical Support
Document (TS

D) , March, 2011 prepared by the Lake Michigan Air Directors Consortium (LADCO) and the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC).7 Attachment 4

– Gas

- fired Boilers

NOx Limit (lbs/mmBtu)

State Geographic Area Boilers

50

- 100 mmBtu/hr Boilers

100

- 250 mmBtu/hr Boilers

>250 mmBtu/hr

AL Statewide No Limits No Limits No Limits

AR Statewide No Limits No Limits No Limits

CT Statewide 0.2 to 0.43 0.2 to 0.43 0.2 to 0.43

DE Statewide LEA, low NOx, FGR 0.2 0.2

FL Broward, Dade, Palm Beach

Counties 0.2 to 0.5 0.2 to 0.5 0.2 to 0.5

GA 45 county area 30 ppmvd

@ 3% O2 30 ppmvd

@ 3% O2 0.2

IL Chicago & St. Louis Areas Tune

- up 0.08 0.08

IN Clark and Floyd Counties No Limits 0.2 0.2

KY Statewide No Limits No Limits No Limits

LA Baton Rouge 5 counties &

Region of Influence 0.1 to 0.2 0.1 0.1

MA Statewide 0.1 0.2 0.2 to 0.28

MD Select counties Tune

- up 0.2 0.2

MI Fine grid zone No limits Source specific

RACT 0.2

MO St Louis area No limits 0.2 to 0.5 0.2 to 0.5

MS Statewide No limits No limits No Limits

NC Charlotte 6 county area 0.3 0.3 0.3

NJ Statewide 0.1 to 0.5 0.1 0.1

NY Statewide 0.05 0.06 0.08

OH Cleveland 8 county area 0.1 0.1 0.1

OK Statewide No limits No limits No limits

PA Statewide 0.08 0.08 0.08

SC Statewide No limits No limits No Limits

TN 5 Counties Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT

TX Dallas and Houston area s 0.03 or

90% reduction 0.03 or

90% reduction 0.03 or

90% reduction

TX Beaumont area 0.10 0.10 0.10

VA Northern VA 0.2 0.2 0.2

WI Milwaukee 7 county area No limits 0.08 0.08

WV Statewide No limits No limits No Limits8

Observations Regarding State NOx Rules for Gas

- fired Boilers :

 Geographic Applicability

 States in the OTR (CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, and PA ) have NOx emission requirements that

apply statewide, not just in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Six states (AL, AR, KY, MS, OK, and WV ) do not have regulations limiting NOx emissions.

 For the remaining states (FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MI, MO, NC, OH, TN, TX,VA, WI), the NOx

emission control requirements only apply in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Size Applicability

 About half of the states have NOx emission requirements for boilers less t han 100 mmBtu/hour

, ranging from combustion tuning to emission limits as low as 0.05 lbs/mmBtu

.

 Form of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 Nearly all states express the NOx emission limits in terms of lbs/mmBtu.

 A few states require either a case

- by

- cas e RACT determination or specify specific types of

control equipment (e.g., low

- NOx burners, flue gas recirculation).

 Stringency of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 The LADCO/OTC Phase I recommend ations are combustion tuning for boilers less than 100

m mBtu/hour, and either 0.1 lbs/mmBtu or 50% reduction for boilers greater than 100 mmBtu/hr.

 The LADCO/OTC Phase II recommendations are either 0.05

- 0.1 lbs/mmBtu or 60% reduction.

 New Jersey and New York have state

- wide limits that are consistent with the OTC/LADCO

Phase II recommendation s . Pennsylvania has proposed state

- wide limits that are consistent with

the OTC/LADCO Phase II recommendations.

 F ive areas (Chicago, Baton Rouge, Beaumont

- Port Arthur, Cleveland, and Milwaukee) have

limits that are consistent with the OTC/LADCO Phase II recommendations.

 Dallas and Houston have the most stringent emission limitations

– 0.02 lbs/mmBtu for greater

that 100 mmBtu/hr units.9 Attachment 5

– Oil

- fired Boile rs

NOx Limit (lbs/mmBtu)

State Geographic Area Boilers

50

- 100 mmBtu/hr Boilers

100

- 250 mmBtu/hr Boilers

>250 mmBtu/hr

AL Statewide No limits No limits No limits

AR Statewide No limits No limits No limits

CT Statewide 0.2 Distillate

0.25

- 0.43 Resid. 0.2 Distillate

0.25

- 0.43 Resid. 0.2 Distillate

0.25

- 0.43 Resid.

DE Statewide LEA, Low NOx, FGR 0.38 to 0.43 0.38 to 0.43

GA 45 county area 30 ppmvd 30 ppmvd 0.3

IL Chicago & St Louis areas Tune

- up 0.1 Distillate

0.15 Resid. 0.1 Distillate

0.15 Resid.

IN Clark and Floyd Counties No limits 0.2 Distillate

0.3 Resid. 0.2 Distillate

0.3 Resid.

KY Statewide No limits No limits NOx SIP Call

LA Baton Rouge 0.2 0.1 0.1

MA Statewide Tune

- up 0.3 Distillate

0.4 Resid. 0.25 to 0.28

MD Select counties No limits 0.25 0.25

MI Fine grid zone No limits No limits 0.3 Distillate

0.4 Residual

MO St Louis area No limits 0.3 0.3

MS Statewide No limits No limits No limits

NC Charlotte 6 county area 0.2 0.2 0.2

NJ Statewide Tune

- up 0.1 Distillate

0.2 Resid. 0.1 Distillate

0.2 Resid.

NY Statewide 0.08 to 0.2 0.15 0.15 to 0 .2

OH Cleveland 8 county area 0.12 Distillate

0.23 Resid. 0.12 Distillate

0.23 Resid. 0.12 Distillate

0.23 Resid.

OK Statewide New only New only New only

PA Statewide 0.12 Distillate

0.20 Resid. 0.12 Distillate

0.20 Resid. 0.12 Distillate

0.20 Resid.

SC Statewide No limits No limits No limits

TN 5 Counties Case

- by

- Case

RACT Case

- by

- Case

RACT Case

- by

- Case

RACT

TX Dallas and Houston areas No limits ~0.01 ~0.01

VA Northern VA 0.25 to 0.43 0.25 to 0.43 0.25 to 0.43

WI Milwaukee 7 county area No limits 0.10 Distillate

0.15 Resid. 0.10 Distillate

0.15 Resid.

WV Statewide No limits No limits No limits10

Observations Regarding State NOx Rules for Oil

- fired Boilers :

 Geographic Applicability

 States in the OTR (CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, and PA ) have NOx emission requirements that

apply statewide, not just in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Six states (AL, AR, MS, OK, SC, and WV ) do not have regulations limiting NOx emissions.

 For the re maining states (FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, LA, MI, MO, NC, OH, TN, TX, VA, WI), the

NOx emission control requirements only apply in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Size Applicability

 About half of the states have NOx emission requirements for boilers less than 100 mmBtu/hour,

ranging from combustion tuning to emission limits as low as 0.08 lbs/mmBtu.

 Form of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 Nearly all states express the NOx emission limits in terms of lbs/mmBtu.

 A few states require either a case

- by

- case RACT d etermination or specify specific types of

control equipment (e.g., low

- NOx burners, flue gas recirculation).

 Stringency of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 The LADCO/OTC Phase I recommendations for distillate oil are combustion tuning for boilers

less than 100 mmBtu/hour, and either 0.1 lbs/mmBtu or 50% reduction for boilers greater than

100 mmBtu/hr. The LADCO/OTC Phase II recommendations for distillate oil are either 0.0 8

- 0.1

lbs/mmBtu or 60% reduction.

 Only New Jersey has state

- wide limits that ar e consistent with the OTC/LADCO Phase II

recommendations for distillate oil

.

 Three areas (Chicago, Baton Rouge, and Milwaukee) have limits that are consistent with the

OTC/LADCO Phase II recommendations for distillate oil

.

 The LADCO/OTC Phase I recommend ations for residual oil are combustion tuning for boilers

less than 100 mmBtu/hour, and either 0.2 lbs/mmBtu or 60% reduction for boilers greater than

100 mmBtu/hr. The LADCO/OTC Phase II recommendations for residual oil are either 0.2

lbs/mmBtu or 50

- 70% reduction.

 New Jersey and New York have state

- wide limits that are consistent with the OTC/LADCO

Phase II recommendations for residual oil. Pennsylvania has proposed state

- wide limits that are

consistent with the OTC/LADCO Phase II recommendations for resi dual oil.

 Four areas (Chicago, Baton Rouge, Charlotte, and Milwaukee) have limits that are consistent with

the OTC/LADCO Phase II recommendations for residual oil

 Dallas and Houston have the most stringent emission limitations

– 0.0 1 lbs/mmBtu for greate r

that 100 mmBtu/hr units.1 1 Attachment 6

– Gas Turbines

NOx Limit (ppmvd @15% O2)

State Geographic Area Simple Cycle

>25 MW

Gas

- fired Simple Cycle

>25 MW

Oil

- fired Combined Cycle

> 25 MW

Gas

- fired Combined Cycle

> 25 MW

Oil

- fired

AL Fine grid zone No limits No limits No limits No limits

AR Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

CT Statewide 55 258 (0.9 lb/mmBtu) 55 258 (0.9 lb/mmBtu)

DE Statewide 42 88 42 88

GA 45 county area 6 6 6 6

IL Chicago & St Louis

areas 42 96 42 96

IN Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

KY Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

LA Baton Rouge 5

counties & Region

of Influence 54

(0.2 lb/mmBtu) 86

(0.3 lb/mmBtu) 54

(0.2 lb/mmBtu) 86

(0.3 lb/mmBtu)

MA Statewide 65 100 42 65

MD Select counties 42 65 42 65

MI Fine grid zone No limits No limits No limits No limits

MO St Louis area 75 100 75 100

MS Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

NC Charlotte 6 county

area 75 95 75 95

NJ Statewide 33 (2.2 lb/MWh) 53

(3.0 lb/MWh) 33

(2.2 lb/MWh) 53

(3.0 lb/MWh)

NY Statewide 50 100 42 65

OH Cleveland 8 county

area 42 96 42 96

OK Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

PA Statewide 42 75 42 75

SC Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

TN 5 Counties source specific

RACT source specific

RACT source specific

RACT source specific

RACT

TX Dallas and Houston

areas 9

(0.032 lb/mmBtu) 9

(0.032 lb/mmBtu) 9

(0.032 lb/mmBtu) 9

(0.032 lb/mmBtu)

VA Northern VA 42 65/77 42 65/77

WI Milwaukee 7

county area 25 to 42 65 to 96 9 9

WV Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits1213

Observations Regarding State NOx Rules for Gas Turbines :

 Geographic Applicability

 States in the OTR (CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, and PA ) have NOx emission requirements that

apply statewide, not just in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Nine states (AL, AR, IN, KY, MI, MS, OK, SC, and WV ) do not have regulations limiting NOx

emissions.

 For the remaining states (GA, IL, LA, MO, NC, OH, TN, TX, VA , WI), the NOx emission

control requirements only apply in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Other A pplicability Criteria

 States use a variety size thresholds. For example, Ohio’s rules differentiate between units < 3.5

MW and > 3.5 MW

. Wisconsin has requirement s for three size ranges: 10

- 25 MW, 25

- 50 MW,

and >50 MW.

 State limits generally differ by type of fuel

– gas or oil. Wisconsin also includes limits for

biologically derived fuel.

 Some states have different limits for simple

- cycle and combined

- cycle unit s. Other states have a

single limit that applies to both types of units.

 Form of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 States do not specify specific types of control techniques, but rather set a numerical emission

limit.

 Most states express limits in ter ms of “ppmv at 15% oxygen”. Some states use lbs/mmBtu, and

the equivalent limits shown in the table above were calculated using based on Part 75 Eq

- F5 and

F

- factors. New Jersey’s limits are in terms of lbs/MHr.

 Stringency of NOx Limitation or Control Requ irement

 Three areas have very low limits compared to other states/areas: the 45 county area in Georgia,

Dallas and Houston

- Galveston14 Attachment 7

– IC Engines Greater than ~500 hp

NOx Limit (g/hp

- hr)

State Geographic Area Gas

- fired,

Lean Burn Gas

- fired,

Rich Burn Diesel Dual Fuel

AL Fine grid zone No limits No limits No limits No limits

AR Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

CT Statewide 2.5 2.5 8.0 8.0

DE Statewide Technology Stds. Technology Stds. Technology Stds. Technology Stds.

GA 45 county area ? ? ? ?

IL Chicago & St Louis

areas 210 ppmvd @

15% O2 (2.9 g/hp

- hr) 150 ppmvd @

15% O2 (2.2 g/hp

- hr) 660 ppmvd @

15% O2 (9.1 g/hp

- hr) 660 ppmvd @

15% O2 (9.1 g/hp

- hr)

IN Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

KY Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

LA Baton Rouge 5

counties & ROI 4.0 2.0 ? ?

MA Statewide 3.0 1.5 9.0 9.0

MD Select counties 150 ppmvd @

15% O2 (1.7 g/hp

- hr) 110 ppmvd @

15% O2 (1.6 g/hp

- hr) 175 ppmvd @

15% O2 (2.0 g/hp

- hr) 125 ppmvd @

15% O2 (1.4 g/hp

- hr)

MI Fine grid zone 3.0 1.5 2.3 1.5

MO St Louis area 3.0 10.0 2.5 to 9.5 2.5

- 8.5 2.5

- 6.0

MS Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

NC Charlotte Area 2.5 2.5 8.0 8.0

NJ Statewide 2.5 1.5 8.0 8.0

NY Statewide 1.5 1.5 2.3 2.3

OH Cleveland 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

OK Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

PA Statewide 3.0 2.0 8.0 8.0

SC Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits

TN 5 Counties Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT

TX Dallas and Houston

area 0.5 0.5 2.8 to 6.9 0.5

VA Northern VA Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT Source specific

RACT

WI Milwaukee 7

county area 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0

WV Statewide No limits No limits No limits No limits15

Observations Regarding State NOx Rules for IC Engines :

 Geographic Applicability

 States in the OTR (CT, DE, MA, MD, NJ, NY, and PA ) have NOx emission requirements that

apply statewide, not just in ozone nonattainment areas.

 Eight states (AL, AR, IN, KY, MS, OK, SC, and WV ) do not have regulations limiting NOx

emissions.

 For the remaining states (GA, IL, LA, MI, MO, NC, OH, TN, TX, VA, WI), the NOx emission

control requirements only apply in ozone nonatta inment areas.

 Other Applicability Criteria

 States use a variety size thresholds. For example, Louisiana’s rules have separate limits for IC

engines that are 150

- 300 hp , > 300 hp, and >1500 hp. New York uses > 200 hp and > 400 hp.

Delaware uses > 450 hp, w hile North Carolina uses > 650 hp.

 State limits generally differ by type of fuel

– gas

, oil , dual

- fuel or landfill/digester gas

.

 A few states have different limits lean

- burn and rich

- burn engines . Other states have a single limit

that applies to both type s of units.

 Form of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 Most states express limits in terms of “ gram per brake horsepower hour ”.

 Some states use “ ppmvd @ 15% O2 ”

, and the equivalent limits shown in the table above were

calculated using c onversion factor s from ppmv @ 15% O2 to g/hp

- hr from EPA ACT, July 1993

EPA453

- R

- 93

- 032.

 Delaware specifies control technology standards rather than numerical emission limits.

 Stringency of NOx Limitation or Control Requirement

 Maryland, New Jersey, New York and the Dallas/Houston areas of Texas have limits that are

more stringent than other states /areas

.