Proceedings of the 15th Space Photovoltaic

Research and Technology Conference

NASA/CP—2004-212735

June 2004
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Proceedings of the 15th Space Photovoltaic

Research and Technology Conference

NASA/CP—2004-212735

June 2004

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Glenn Research Center

Proceedings of a conference held at and sponsored by

NASA Glenn Research Center

Cleveland, Ohio

June 10–12, 1997
Available from

NASA Center for Aerospace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22100

Available electronically at http://gltrs.grc.nasa.gov

Note that at the time of research, the NASA Lewis Research Center

was undergoing a name change to the

NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field.

Both names may appear in this report.

Contents were reproduced from author-provided

presentation materials.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Message from the Program and Publications Chairman .................................................................................vii

Plenary Session: Invited Papers

SPACE SOLAR CELL R&D ACTIVITIES IN JAPAN

Masafumi Yamaguchi, Toyota Technological Institute .............................................................................. 1

UPDATE ON EUROPE'S SPACE PHOTOVOLTAIC PROGRAMME

Lothar Gerlach and Klaus P. Bogus, European Space Agency................................................................. 11

RUSSIAN ACTIVITIES IN SPACE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER MODULES WITH

CONCENTRATORS

Vyacheslav M. Andreev and Valeri D. Rumyantsev, Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute......................... 19

SPACE PHOTOVOLTAICS SURVIVABILITY RESEARCH AT THE NAVAL RESEARCH

LABORATORY

Robert J. Walters, Naval Research Laboratory.......................................................................................... 31

ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGY AT THE PHILLIPS LABORATORY

Dean Marvin, The Aerospace Corp............................................................................................................ 37

Session 1: Multibandgap Cells

Invited Papers

PERFORMANCE TRADE-OFFS FOR MBG USING DIFFERENT BANDGAP PAIRS

P.A. Iles, C.L. Chu, and L. Kilmer, TECSTAR/ASD; and M.L. Timmons and P. Sharps, Research

Triangle Institute ........................................................................................................................................ 65

PROGRESS IN THE MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELL MANTECH PROGRAM

David N. Keener, Phillips Laboratory; Dean Marvin, The Aerospace Corporation; and David J.

Brinker and Henry B. Curtis, NASA Lewis Research Center................................................................... 77

Session 2: Solar Cells

Invited Papers

HIGH BEGINNING-OF-LIFE EFFICIENCY p/n InP SOLAR CELLS

Richard W. Hoffman, Jr., Navid S. Fatemi, Victor G. Weizer, and Phillip P. Jenkins, Essential

Research, Inc.; Steven A. Ringel, The Ohio State University; David A. Scheiman, NYMA Setar; and

David M. Wilt and David J. Brinker, NASA Lewis Research Center...................................................... 85

HYDROGEN PASSIVATION OF INTERSTITIAL Zn DEFECTS IN HETEROEPITAXIAL InP CELL

STRUCTURES AND INFLUENCE ON DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS

S.A. Ringel and B. Chatterjee, The Ohio State University ....................................................................... 93

PASSIVATING WINDOW/FIRST LAYER AR COATING FOR SPACE SOLAR CELLS

Mircea Faur and Maria Faur, SPECMAT, Inc.; S.G. Bailey, D.J. Flood, D.J. Brinker, S.A. Alterovitz,

and D.R. Wheeler, NASA Lewis Research Center; G. Mateescu, Case Western Reserve University;

and C. Goradia and M. Goradia, Cleveland State University ................................................................. 103

LIGHT WEIGHT, THIN-FILM Si HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS

W.A. Anderson, B. Jagannathan, and E. Klëmentieva, State University of New York at Buffalo ....... 113

NOVEL Si SOLAR CELL FOR SPACE POWER APPLICATIONS

Henry Brandhorst and Hayden Hontgas, Space Power Institute, Auburn University............................ 119

NASA/CP—2004-212735 iii
PLASMA-ENHANCED PULSED LASER DEPOSITION OF WIDE BANDGAP NITRIDES FOR

SPACE POWER APPLICATIONS

G.E. Triplett, Jr., and S.M. Durbin, Florida A&M University, Florida State University....................... 123

Session 3: Thermophotovoltaics

Invited Papers

InGaAs/InP MONOLITHIC INTERCONNECTED MODULES (MIM) FOR

THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS

David M. Wilt, NASA Lewis Research Center; Navid S. Fatemi, Phillip P. Jenkins, Victor G. Weizer,

and Richard W. Hoffman, Jr., Essential Research, Inc.; David A. Sheiman, NYMA, Inc.; and

Christopher S. Murray and David R. Riley, Westinghouse Electric Corporation.................................. 131

MODELING OF In0.52 G0.48 As/Inx Ga1−x As (x>0.6) MULTIQUANTUM WELL

THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERTER

I. Serdiukova and A. Freundlich, University of Houston........................................................................ 139

Session 4: Flight Experiments

Invited Papers

THE ROSSI X-RAY TIMING EXPLORER (XTE) SOLAR ARRAY ANOMALY

Edward M. Gaddy, Robert Kichak, and Lee Niemeyer, Goddard Space Flight Center; and Richard

Stegeman, Jackson and Tull ..................................................................................................................... 151

IN-ORBIT PERFORMANCE OF HS–376HP GaAs/Ge SOLAR ARRAYS

Richard E. Daniel, Steven W. Geib, Joseph S. Powe, and Joel A. Schwartz, Hughes Space and

Communications Company ...................................................................................................................... 161

SCARLET SOLAR ARRAY SYSTEM STUDY FOR HIGH POWER GEO SPACECRAFT

Brian R. Spence, P. Alan Jones, Mike I. Eskenazi, and David M. Murphy, AEC-Able Engineering

Company, Inc. ........................................................................................................................................... 169

BALLOON AND LEAR JET TESTING OF SCARLET MODULES AND CELLS

Michael I. Eskenazi and David M. Murphy, AEC−Able Engineering Company, Inc.; Bruce E.

Anspaugh and Robert L. Mueller, Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Dave J. Brinker, NASA Lewis

Research Center; and Mark J. O'Neill, ENTECH, Inc. ........................................................................... 177

Session 5: Environmental Effects

Invited Papers

CONTRIBUTION OF LOW ENERGY PROTONS TO THE DEGRADATION OF SHIELDED GaAs

SOLAR CELLS IN SPACE

G.P. Summers, Naval Research Laboratory, University of Maryland Baltimore County; S.R.

Messenger and E.A. Burke, SFA, Inc.; and M.A. Xapsos and R.J. Walters, Naval Research

Laboratory ................................................................................................................................................. 191

DEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF LARGE FLUENCE IRRADIATED SPACE SILICON BSR

CELLS

Tadashi Hisamatsu and Sumio Matsuda, National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA);

and Tetsuya Nakao and Yusuke Matsumoto, Advanced Engineering Services (AES) Corporation..... 199

THE EFFECT OF LARGE SOLAR PROTON EVENTS ON GaAs SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY

M.A. Xapsos, Naval Research Laboratory; S.R. Messenger, SFA, Inc.; R.J. Walters, Naval

Research Laboratory; G.P. Summers, University of Maryland; and E.A. Burke, SFA, Inc. ................ 211

NASA/CP—2004-212735 iv
EVIDENCE FOR ENHANCED UV DEGRADATION TO CRACKED COVERSLIDES

Andrew Meulenberg, Matra Marconi Space; and J. Brower, M. Kruer, and

C.M.C. Toporow, TRW............................................................................................................................ 217

NASCAP MODELING OF GEO SATELLITESSPACECRAFT CHARGING IS BACK!

R. Chock, D.C. Ferguson, and D.B. Snyder, NASA Lewis Research Center ........................................ 223

Session 6: Calibration and Characterization

Invited Papers

SOLAR CELL CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

Sheila Bailey, Dave Brinker, and Henry Curtis, NASA Lewis Research Center; Phillip Jenkins,

Essential Research, Inc.; and Dave Scheiman, NYMA, Inc. .................................................................. 231

MEASUREMENT OF N-TYPE 6H SiC MINORITY-CARRIER DIFFUSION LENGTHS BY

ELECTRON BOMBARDMENT OF SCHOTTKY BARRIERS

S.M. Hubbard and M. Tabib-Azar, Case Western Reserve University; S. Bailey, G. Rybicki,

and P. Neudeck, NASA Lewis Research Center; and R. Raffaelle, Florida Institute of

Technology................................................................................................................................................ 237

Session 7: Photovoltaics for Planetary Surfaces

Invited Papers

HIGH CONCENTRATING GaAs CELL OPERATION USING OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE SOLAR

ENERGY SYSTEM

T. Nakamura and J.A. Case, Physical Sciences, Inc.; and M.L. Timmons, Research Triangle

Institute...................................................................................................................................................... 243

SPACE QUALIFICATION TEST OF a-SILICON SOLAR CELL MODULES

Q. Kim, RA. Lawton, S.J. Manion, J.O. Okuno, R.P. Ruiz, D.T. Vu, and S.A. Kayali, Jet Propulsion

Laboratory; and F.R Jeffrey, Iowa Thin Film Technologies................................................................... 257

EXPLORING PV ON THE RED PLANET: MARS ARRAY TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENT AND

DUST ACCUMULATION AND REMOVAL TECHNOLOGY

Geoffrey A. Landis, Ohio Aerospace Institute; Cosmo Baraona, NASA Lewis Research Center;

David Scheiman, NYMA, Inc.; and David Brinker, NASA Lewis Research Center............................. 267

Workshop Summary:

Low Bandgap, High Bandgap and Alternative Conversion Devices and Technology

Navid S. Fatemi, Essential Research, Inc.; and Alex Freundlich, University of Houston..................... 147

NASA/CP—2004-212735 v

Foreword

On behalf of the entire conference committee, I would like to thank you for your

participation in the 15th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT XV)

Conference. We hope that it was an informative and enjoyable experience for all of the

participants.

In an effort to make the information presented at the conference available to the

you in as timely a manner as possible, we have had an “express” volume of the

conference proceedings printed. In this volume you will find all of the papers and

workshop summaries that were available at the time of printing.

This publication will be followed by a more thorough “official” publication of the

conference proceedings. The official publication will include all of the papers presented

at the conference, workshop summaries, and The Irving Weinberg Award presentation.

Please do not hesitate to contact me if there is information that you need urgently

that is not contained in this volume.

Eric B. Clark

15th SPRAT Conference Publications Chairman

216–433–3926

eric.clark@lerc.nasa.gov

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Proceedings of the 15th Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology Conference

Sheila Bailey, compiler

Photovoltaic; Solar cells

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Subject Category: 20 Distribution: Nonstandard

Proceedings of a conference held at and sponsored by NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, June 10–12, 1997.

Responsible person, Sheila Bailey, organization code 5410, 216–433–2228.

The purpose of the SPRAT conference is to bring members of the space solar cell community together in a relatively

informal conference setting to discuss recent developments in solar cell and array technology and to discuss the future

directions of the field. The conference is sponsored by the Photovoltaic and Space Environmental Effects Branch at the

NASA Glenn Research Center.