CHAPTER 1 . INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT ............................................ 1-1

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS .............................. 1-1

1.3 HISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL FURNACE AND BOILER STANDARDS ........ 1-2

1.3.1 Current Rulemaking ............................................. 1-3

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT ..................................... 1-5

 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT ............................................ 1-1 

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS .............................. 1-1 

1.3 HISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL FURNACE AND BOILER STANDARDS ........ 1-2 

1.3.1 Current Rulernaking ............................................. 1-3 

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT ..................................... 1-5 

l-i 
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT

This technical support document (TSD) is a "stand-alone" report that provides technical

analyses and results in support of the information presented in the final rule for residential

furnaces and boilers energy conservation standards.

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS

Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA or the Act), Public

Law 94-163-as amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA), Public

Law 95-619; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987, Public Law

100-12; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (NAECA 1988),

Public Law 100-357; and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Public Law

102-486-created the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products other than

Automobiles. The consumer products subject to this Program (referred to hereafter as "covered

products") include residential furnaces and boilers. (42 U.S.C. 6295(f))

Before the Department of Energy (DOE) determines whether to adopt a proposed energy

conservation standard, it must first solicit comments on the proposed standard . (42 U.S.C. 6295

(p)) Any new or amended standard must be designed so as to achieve the maximum

improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified.

(42 U.S.C. 6295 (o)(2)(A)) If a proposed standard is not designed to achieve the maximum

improvement in energy efficiency or the maximum reduction in energy use that is

technologically feasible, the Secretary must state the reasons for this in the proposed rule. (42

U.S.C. 6295 (p)(2)) To determine whether economic justification exists, DOE must review

comments on the proposal and determine that the benefits of the proposed standard exceed its

burdens to the greatest extent practicable, weighing the following seven factors:

1. The economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and on the consumers

of the products subject to such standard;

2. The savings in operating costs throughout the estimated average life of the

covered product in the type (or class) compared to any increase in the price of, or

in the initial charges for maintenance expenses of, the covered products which are

likely to result from the imposition of the standard;

3. The total projected amount of energy savings likely to result directly from the

imposition of the standard;

4. Any lessening of the utility or the performance of the covered products likely to

result from the imposition of the standard;

5. The impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in writing by the

Attorney General, that is likely to result from the imposition of the standard;

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 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 

1.1 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT 

This technical support document (TSD) is a "stand-alone" report that provides technical 

analyses and results in support of the information presented in the final rule for residential 

furnaces and boilers energy conservation standards. 

1.2 OVERVIEW OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS 

Part B of Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA or the Act), Public 

Law 94-163-as amended by the National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA), Public 

Law 95-619; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987, Public Law 

100-12; the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (NAECA 1988), 

Public Law 100-357; and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), Public Law 

102-486-created the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products other than 

Automobiles. The consumer products subject to this Program (referred to hereafter as "covered 

products") include residential furnaces and boilers. (42 U.S.c. 6295(f)) 

Before the Department of Energy (DOE) determines whether to adopt a proposed energy 

conservation standard, it must first solicit comments on the proposed standard. (42 U.S.C. 6295 

(p)) Any new or amended standard must be designed so as to achieve the maximum 

improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified. 

(42 U.S.c. 6295 (0 )(2)(A)) If a proposed standard is not designed to achieve the maximum 

improvement in energy efficiency or the maximum reduction in energy use that is 

technologically feasible, the Secretary must state the reasons for this in the proposed rule. (42 

U.S.C. 6295 (P)(2)) To determine whether economic justification exists, DOE must review 

comments on the proposal and determine that the benefits of the proposed standard exceed its 

burdens to the greatest extent practicable, weighing the following seven factors: 

1. The economic impact of the standard on the manufacturers and on the consumers 

of the products subject to such standard; 

2. The savings in operating costs throughout the estimated average life of the 

covered product in the type (or class) compared to any increase in the price of, or 

in the initial charges for maintenance expenses of, the covered products which are 

likely to result from the imposition of the standard; 

3. The total projected amount of energy savings likely to result directly from the 

imposition of the standard; 

4. Any lessening of the utility or the performance of the covered products likely to 

result from the imposition of the standard; 

5. The impact of any lessening of competition, as determined in writing by the 

Attorney General, that is likely to result from the imposition of the standard; 

1-1 
6. The need for national energy conservation; and

7. Other factors the Secretary considers relevant.

1.3 HISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL. FURNACE AND BOILER STANDARDS

EPCA, as amended, requires DOE to consider amending the energy conservation

standards for certain major appliances. The NAECA legislation of 1987 established efficiency

standards for residential furnaces and boilers. It set the standards in terms of the annual fuel

utilization efficiency (AFUE) descriptor at a minimum value of 78 percent for most furnaces.

For boilers, it set the minimum AFUE at 75 percent for gas steam boilers and 80 percent for

other boilers. For mobile home furnaces, it set the minimum AFUE at 75 percent. The effective

date for these standards was January 1, 1992.

For "small" furnaces (those having an input rate of less than 45,000 British thermal units

per hour), EPCA required DOE to publish a final rule by January 1, 1989, and to set a minimum

AFUE at a specific level not less than 71 percent and not more than 78 percent. (EPCA

325(f)( 1)(B)(ii)) For these products, DOE published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking

(ANOPR) (52 FR 46367, December 7, 1987), followed by a notice of proposed rulemaking

(NOPR) (53 FR 48798, December 2, 1988 ), in which DOE proposed to establish an energy

conservation standard of 78 percent AFUE for small gas furnaces. In a final rule (54 FR 47916,

November 17, 1989), DOE set the minimum AFUE for these products at 78 percent, with an

effective date of January 1, 1992.

For mobile home furnaces , the Act directed DOE to publish a final rule no later than

January 1, 1992, to determine whether the standard should be amended . The Act required the

effective date for amendments to be January 1, 1994. DOE started this activity and issued an

ANOPR (55 FR 39624, September 28, 1990), followed by a NOPR. 59 FR 10464, March 4,

1994. DOE did not release a final rule for mobile home furnace standards . As part of this

activity, DOE considered a new energy descriptor that accounts for both natural gas and

electricity used by a furnace . DOE rejected this approach because of the difficulty of accounting

for source energy associated with electricity use.

The Act also required DOE to publish a final rule to determine for all furnaces and

boilers whether the standards should be amended . The Act required that DOE publish this final

rule no later than January 1 , 1994, and, if DOE determined that the standards should be

amended, the Act required that those amendments be effective on January 1, 2002. EPCA,

a EPCA Section 321 (23) states that a "furnace" includes forced-air and gravity central furnaces and low-pressure steam

and hot water boilers, and that it must have a heat input rate of less than 225 , 000 Btu/hr for forced-air and gravity central

furnaces, and less than 300,000 Btu/hr for boilers. However, in the current furnace and boiler rulemaking DOE adopted

the terminology used in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry, which considers furnaces and

boilers as separate categories.

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 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

6. The need for national energy conservation; and 

7. Other factors the Secretary considers relevant. 

1.3 HISTORY OF RESIDENTIAL FURNACE AND BOILER STANDARDS 

EPCA, as amended, requires DOE to consider amending the energy conservation 

standards for certain major appliances. The NAECA legislation of 1987 established efficiency 

standards for residential furnaces and boilers." It set the standards in terms of the annual fuel 

utilization efficiency (AFUE) descriptor at a minimum value of 78 percent for most furnaces. 

For boilers, it set the minimum AFUE at 75 percent for gas steam boilers and 80 percent for 

other boilers. For mobile home furnaces, it set the minimum AFUE at 75 percent. The effective 

date for these standards was January 1, 1992. 

For "small" furnaces (those having an input rate ofless than 45,000 British thermal units 

per hour), EPCA required DOE to publish a final rule by January 1, 1989, and to set a minimum 

AFUE at a specific level not less than 71 percent and not more than 78 percent. (EPCA 

325(f)(1)(B)(ii)) For these products, DOE published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking 

(ANOPR) (52 FR 46367, December 7, 1987), followed by a notice of proposed rulemaking 

(NOPR) (53 FR 48798, December 2, 1988), in which DOE proposed to establish an energy 

conservation standard of78 percent AFUE for small gas furnaces. In a final rule (54 FR 47916, 

November 17, 1989), DOE set the minimum AFUE for these products at 78 percent, with an 

effective date ofJanuary 1, 1992. 

For mobile home furnaces, the Act directed DOE to publish a final rule no later than 

January 1, 1992, to determine whether the standard should be amended. The Act required the 

effective date for amendments to be January 1, 1994. DOE started this activity and issued an 

ANOPR (55 FR 39624, September 28, 1990), followed by a NOPR. 59 FR 10464, March 4, 

1994. DOE did not release a final rule for mobile home furnace standards. As part of this 

activity, DOE considered a new energy descriptor that accounts for both natural gas and 

electricity used by a furnace. DOE rejected this approach because of the difficulty of accounting 

for source energy associated with electricity use. 

The Act also required DOE to publish a final rule to determine for all furnaces and 

boilers whether the standards should be amended. The Act required that DOE publish this final 

rule no later than January 1, 1994, and, if DOE determined that the standards should be 

amended, the Act required that those amendments be effective on January 1,2002. EPCA, 

a EPCA Section 321 (23) states that a "furnace" includes forced-air and gravity central furnaces and low-pressure steam 

and hot water boilers, and that it must have a heat input rate ofless than 225,000 Btu/hr for forced-air and gravity central 

furnaces, and less than 300,000 Btu/hr for boilers. However, in the current furnace and boiler rulemaking DOE adopted 

the tenninology used in the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry, which considers furnaces and 

boilers as separate categories. 

1-2 
section 325(f)(3)(B), 42 U.S.C. 6295(f)(3)(B). DOE started this activity and published an

ANOPR in which it presented the product classes for furnaces that it planned to analyze, and a

detailed discussion of the analytical methodology and models that it expected to use in this

rulemaking. 58 FR 47326, September 8, 1993. DOE invited comments and data on the accuracy

and feasibility of the planned methodology and encouraged interested persons to recommend

improvements or alternatives to DOE's approach.

The 1996 moratorium on appliance standards rulemakings temporarily prevented DOE

from proceeding further with these rulemakings.a DOE responded to the moratorium by

developing an improved process, known as the Process Rule, for developing energy conservation

standards. Procedures for Consideration of New or Revised Energy Conservation Standards for

Consumer Products, 10 CFR Part 430, Subpart C, Appendix A. The Process Rule includes

guidance on how DOE prioritizes its standards rulemakings. As a result, DOE pursued standards

rulemakings for other products rather than continuing to pursue amendments to the standards for

furnaces and boilers, and the existing minimum AFUEs for these products remained in place.

For fiscal year 2001, however, DOE classified residential furnaces and boilers, including mobile

home furnaces, as having a high priority for standards amendments, and it initiated the current

rulemaking.

The current rulemaking has followed the requirements for developing efficiency

standards, as described in Title 10 Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 430,

Subpart C, Appendix A, Section 4, Process for Developing Efficiency Standards and Factors to

be Considered. Throughout the process, DOE reviewed important issues with expert groups and

stakeholders.

1.3.1 Current Rulemaking

In 2001, DOE published a Framework Document for Residential Furnaces and Boilers

Standards Rulemaking and held a public meeting to discuss and seek comments on the

procedural and analytical approaches in this rulemaking. In 2002, several events occurred in this

rulemaking. DOE held a public meeting on issues related to venting installations; DOE received

comments on its analysis of manufacturing costs; the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association

(GAMA) convened a meeting with DOE and the American Council for an Energy-Efficient

Economy (ACEEE) to discuss approaches for analyzing electricity use in furnaces; and DOE

posted its engineering analysis on its website and received stakeholder comments. These

activities culminated in DOE's publication of an ANOPR on July 29, 2004, and a public meeting

on September 29, 2004, at which DOE presented and received comments on the methodology

and results of the ANOPR analyses. 69 FR 45419.

a The Department of Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (P.L. 104-134) included

a moratorium on proposing or issuing final rules for appliance standards rulemakings in FY 1996.

1-3

 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

section 325(f)(3)(B), 42 U.S.C. 6295(f)(3)(B). DOE started this activity and published an 

ANOPR in which it presented the product classes for furnaces that it planned to analyze, and a 

detailed discussion of the analytical methodology and models that it expected to use in this 

rulemaking. 58 FR 47326, September 8, 1993. DOE invited comments and data on the accuracy 

and feasibility of the planned methodology and encouraged interested persons to recommend 

improvements or alternatives to DOE's approach. 

The 1996 moratorium on appliance standards rulemakings temporarily prevented DOE 

from proceeding further with these rulemakings." DOE responded to the moratorium by 

developing an improved process, known as the Process Rule, for developing energy conservation 

standards. Procedures for Consideration of New or Revised Energy Conservation Standards for 

Consumer Products, 10 CFR Part 430, Subpart C, Appendix A. The Process Rule includes 

guidance on how DOE prioritizes its standards rulemakings. As a result, DOE pursued standards 

rulemakings for other products rather than continuing to pursue amendments to the standards for 

furnaces and boilers, and the existing minimum AFUEs for these products remained in place. 

For fiscal year 2001, however, DOE classified residential furnaces and boilers, including mobile 

home furnaces, as having a high priority for standards amendments, and it initiated the current 

rulemaking. 

The current rulemaking has followed the requirements for developing efficiency 

standards, as described in Title 10 Energy, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 430, 

Subpart C, Appendix A, Section 4, Process for Developing Efficiency Standards and Factors to 

be Considered. Throughout the process, DOE reviewed important issues with expert groups and 

stakeholders. 

1.3.1 Current Rulemaking 

In 2001, DOE published a Framework Document for Residential Furnaces and Boilers 

Standards Rulemaking and held a public meeting to discuss and seek comments on the 

procedural and analytical approaches in this rulemaking. In 2002, several events occurred in this 

rulemaking. DOE held a public meeting on issues related to venting installations; DOE received 

comments on its analysis of manufacturing costs; the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association 

(GAMA) convened a meeting with DOE and the American Council for an Energy-Efficient 

Economy (ACEEE) to discuss approaches for analyzing electricity use in furnaces; and DOE 

posted its engineering analysis on its website and received stakeholder comments. These 

activities culminated in DOE's publication of an ANOPR on July 29,2004, and a public meeting 

on September 29,2004, at which DOE presented and received comments on the methodology 

and results of the ANOPR analyses. 69 FR 45419. 

a The Department of Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (P .L. 104-134) included 

a moratorium on proposing or issuing final rules for appliance standards rulemakings in FY 1996. 

1-3 
On July 14, 2006, GAMA and ACEEE, on behalf of 28 residential boiler manufacturers

and four energy efficiency organizations, submitted a joint stakeholder recommendation

recommending new national standards for residential boilers that would consist of a performance

requirement (minimum AFUE levels) and design requirements. The recommended performance

levels were the maximum that the industry felt would safeguard against corrosion and ensure

safe venting. For gas-fired boilers, both water and steam types, the stakeholder recommendation

called for a ban on standing pilots. For gas-fired water boilers only, there were two design

requirements. In addition to the ban on standing pilots, the stakeholder recommendation also

required a "temperature reset" feature that automatically adjusts the boiler output according to

the outdoor ambient air temperature. For oil-fired water boilers, the stakeholder

recommendation contained the design requirement for the same "temperature reset" feature. In

the NOPR, DOE determined that the recommended standards in the joint stakeholder

recommendation are beyond the scope of its legal authority.

On October 6, 2006, DOE published a NOPR proposing residential furnace and boiler

energy conservation standards. 71 FR 59203. In conjunction with the NOPR, DOE also

published on its website the complete TSD for the proposed rule, which incorporated the final

analyses DOE conducted and technical documentation of each analysis. The TSD included the

engineering analysis spreadsheet, the life-cycle cost (LCC) spreadsheets, the national and

regional impact analysis spreadsheets, and the manufacturer impact analysis (MIA)

spreadsheet-all of which are accessible on the Internet from DOE's Furnace and Boiler

Rulemaking page:

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance standards/residential/furnaces boilers.html.

From that page, follow the links to the final rule and then to the Analytical Tools.

The energy efficiency standards proposed for furnaces and boilers were as follows:

80-percent AFUE for non-weatherized gas furnaces

83-percent AFUE for weatherized gas furnaces

80-percent AFUE for mobile home gas furnaces

82-percent AFUE for oil-fired furnaces

84-percent AFUE for gas boilers

83-percent AFUE for oil-fired boilers.

The NOPR also included additional background information on the history of this

rulemaking and on DOE's use in this rulemaking of the procedures, interpretations, and policies

set forth in the Process Rule. 71 FR 59207-59208. DOE held a public meeting in Washington,

DC on October 30, 2006, to hear oral comments on and solicit information relevant to the

proposed rule.

Subsequent to the NOPR publication, DOE issued a Notice of Data Availability and

Reopening of Comment Period on February 16, 2006, concerning DOE's assumptions regarding

shipments in the base case and the installation cost for oil-fired furnaces. In addition, DOE met

with GAMA and certain furnace manufacturers on December 14, 2006, to receive further

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 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

On July 14, 2006, GAMA and ACEEE, on behalf of 28 residential boiler manufacturers 

and four energy efficiency organizations, submitted a joint stakeholder recommendation 

recommending new national standards for residential boilers that would consist of a performance 

requirement (minimum AFUE levels) and design requirements. The recommended performance 

levels were the maximum that the industry felt would safeguard against corrosion and ensure 

safe venting. For gas-fired boilers, both water and steam types, the stakeholder recommendation 

called for a ban on standing pilots. For gas-fired water boilers only, there were two design 

requirements. In addition to the ban on standing pilots, the stakeholder recommendation also 

required a "temperature reset" feature that automatically adjusts the boiler output according to 

the outdoor ambient air temperature. For oil-fired water boilers, the stakeholder 

recommendation contained the design requirement for the same "temperature reset" feature. In 

the NOPR, DOE determined that the recommended standards in the joint stakeholder 

recommendation are beyond the scope of its legal authority. 

On October 6, 2006, DOE published a NOPR proposing residential furnace and boiler 

energy conservation standards. 71 FR 59203. In conjunction with the NOPR, DOE also 

published on its website the complete TSD for the proposed rule, which incorporated the final 

analyses DOE conducted and technical documentation of each analysis. The TSD included the 

engineering analysis spreadsheet, the life-cycle cost (LCC) spreadsheets, the national and 

regional impact analysis spreadsheets, and the manufacturer impact analysis (MIA) 

spreadsheet-all of which are accessible on the Internet from DOE's Furnace and Boiler 

Rulemaking page: 

http://www .eere. energy .gov/buildings/ appliance _standards/residential/furnaces _ boilers.html. 

From that page, follow the links to the final rule and then to the Analytical Tools. 

The energy efficiency standards proposed for furnaces and boilers were as follows: 

GI 80-percent AFUE for non-weatherized gas furnaces 

GI 83-percent AFUE for weatherized gas furnaces 

III 80-percent AFUE for mobile home gas furnaces 

• 82-percent AFUE for oil-fired furnaces 

• 84-percent AFUE for gas boilers 

III 83-percent AFUE for oil-fired boilers. 

The NOPR also included additional background information on the history of this 

rulemaking and on DOE's use in this rulemaking of the procedures, interpretations, and policies 

set forth in the Process Rule. 71 FR 59207-59208. DOE held a public meeting in Washington, 

DC on October 30,2006, to hear oral comments on and solicit information relevant to the 

proposed rule. 

Subsequent to the NOPR publication, DOE issued a Notice of Data Availability and 

Reopening of Comment Period on February 16,2006, concerning DOE's assumptions regarding 

shipments in the base case and the installation cost for oil-fired furnaces. In addition, DOE met 

with GAMA and certain furnace manufacturers on December 14, 2006, to receive further 

1-4 
comments regarding cost and safety issues concerning weatherized gas furnaces at 83-percent

AFUE.

According to the rulemaking timeline, DOE plans to issue a final rule in September 2007.

The effective date for new standards for furnaces and boilers would be in September 2015.

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT

This final rule TSD consists of 14 chapters, 25 appendices, an environmental assessment,

and a regulatory impact analysis.

Chapter 1 Introduction: provides an overview of the appliance standards program

and how it applies to the residential furnaces and boilers rulemaking, and

outlines the structure of the document.

Chapter 2 Analytical Framework: describes the furnace/boiler analytical process.

Chapter 3 Market and Technology Assessment: characterizes the relevant product

markets and existing technologies.

Chapter 4 Screening Analysis: describes the technology options for efficiency

improvement and evaluates them against specific criteria.

Chapter 5 Markups for Equipment Price Determination: describes how

manufacturing costs are marked up to obtain retail prices.

Chapter 6 Engineering Analysis: describes the derivation of product costs, including

manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs. It describes the

calculation of energy use according to the DOE test procedure.

Chapter 7 Energy Consumption of Furnaces and Boilers: describes the calculation of

field energy use by furnaces and boilers for use in the LCC analysis.

Chapter 8 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis: describes the effects of

potential candidate standards on individual purchasers and users of the

appliances. This analysis compares the LCC of appliances with possible

new standards against no change in standards.

Chapter 9 Shipments: describes the methodology for forecasting shipments by

product class, in the absence or presence of new regulations.

Chapter 10 National Impact Analysis: describes national forecasts of energy use and

net present value in the absence or presence of new regulations.

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 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

comments regarding cost and safety issues concerning weatherized gas furnaces at 83-percent 

AFUE. 

According to the rulemaking timeline, DOE plans to issue a final rule in September 2007. 

The effective date for new standards for furnaces and boilers would be in September 2015. 

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 

This final rule TSD consists of 14 chapters, 25 appendices, an environmental assessment, 

and a regulatory impact analysis. 

Chapter 1 Introduction: provides an overview of the appliance standards program 

and how it applies to the residential furnaces and boilers rulemaking, and 

outlines the structure of the document. 

Chapter 2 Analytical Framework: describes the furnacelboiler analytical process. 

Chapter 3 Market and Technology Assessment: characterizes the relevant product 

markets and existing technologies. 

Chapter 4 Screening Analysis: describes the technology options for efficiency 

improvement and evaluates them against specific criteria. 

Chapter 5 Markups for Equipment Price Determination: describes how 

manufacturing costs are marked up to obtain retail prices. 

Chapter 6 Engineering Analysis: describes the derivation of product costs, including 

manufacturing, installation, and maintenance costs. It describes the 

calculation of energy use according to the DOE test procedure. 

Chapter 7 Energy Consumption of Furnaces and Boilers: describes the calculation of 

field energy use by furnaces and boilers for use in the LCC analysis. 

Chapter 8 Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Analysis: describes the effects of 

potential candidate standards on individual purchasers and users of the 

appliances. This analysis compares the LCC of appliances with possible 

new standards against no change in standards. 

Chapter 9 Shipments: describes the methodology for forecasting shipments by 

product class, in the absence or presence of new regulations. 

Chapter 10 National Impact Analysis: describes national forecasts of energy use and 

net present value in the absence or presence of new regulations. 

1-5 
Chapter 11 Life-Cycle Cost Subgroup Analysis: describes the approach for estimating

LCC impacts on any identifiable groups or customers who may be

disproportionately affected by any proposed change in standard levels of

residential furnace and boiler users.

Chapter 12 Manufacturer Impact Analysis: describes the approach for estimating the

financial impact of new efficiency standards on manufacturers.

Chapter 13 Utility Impact Analysis: describes the approach for estimating the impact

of proposed standard levels on the electric utility industry due to new

efficiency standards.

Chapter 14 Employment Impact Analysis: describes the approach for estimating the

impact of new efficiency standards on national employment.

Environmental Assessment: Describes the approach for estimating the changes in airborne emissions due to new efficiency standards.

Regulatory Impact Analysis: Describes the approach for estimating the impact of nonregulatory alternatives to new efficiency standards.

Appendix A: Detailed Data for Equipment Price Markups

Appendix B: Technical Description of the Reverse-Engineering Cost Estimation

Methodology

Appendix C: Installation Cost Model

Appendix D: Determination of Furnace and Boiler Energy Use in the Engineering

Analysis

Appendix E: Engineering Analysis Cost and Efficiency Tables

Appendix F: Reduced Set of Furnace Models Database

Appendix G: Decoding of Manufacturer Model Numbers

Appendix H: Determination of Basic Furnace and Boiler Models

Appendix I: Furnace Fan Curves

Appendix J: Furnace Fan Power Curves

Appendix K: Air-Moving Efficiency

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 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

Chapter 11 

Chapter 12 

Chapter 13 

Chapter 14 

Life-Cycle Cost Subgroup Analysis: describes the approach for estimating 

LCC impacts on any identifiable groups or customers who may be 

disproportionately affected by any proposed change in standard levels of 

residential furnace and boiler users. 

Manufacturer Impact Analysis: describes the approach for estimating the 

financial impact of new efficiency standards on manufacturers. 

Utility Impact Analysis: describes the approach for estimating the impact 

of proposed standard levels on the electric utility industry due to new 

efficiency standards. 

Employment Impact Analysis: describes the approach for estimating the 

impact of new efficiency standards on national employment. 

Environmental Assessment: Describes the approach for estimating the changes in airborne emissions due to new efficiency standards. 

Regulatory Impact Analysis: Describes the approach for estimating the impact of nonregulatory alternatives to new efficiency standards. 

Appendix A: Detailed Data for Equipment Price Markups 

Appendix B: Technical Description of the Reverse-Engineering Cost Estimation 

Methodology 

Appendix C: Installation Cost Model 

Appendix D: Determination of Furnace and Boiler Energy Use in the Engineering 

Analysis 

Appendix E: Engineering Analysis Cost and Efficiency Tables 

Appendix F: Reduced Set of Furnace Models Database 

Appendix G: Decoding of Manufacturer Model Numbers 

Appendix H: Determination of Basic Furnace and Boiler Models 

Appendix I: Furnace Fan Curves 

Appendix J: Furnace Fan Power Curves 

Appendix K: Air-Moving Efficiency 

1-6 
Appendix L: Determination of Furnace and Boiler Energy Use in the LCC Analysis

Appendix M: Derivation of Heating Load Hours

Appendix N: User Instructions for the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Spreadsheet

Appendix 0: Glossary of Variables and Their Values From EIA's RECS 2001

Appendix P: Distribution for Discount Rates

Appendix Q: Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Results Using Alternative Energy

Price Scenarios

Appendix R: National Energy Savings and Net Present Value Using Alternative Energy

Price Scenarios

Appendix S: User Instructions for Shipments and national Energy Savings Spreadsheet

Model

Appendix T: Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Results Using Alternative Material

Price Scenarios

Appendix U: Interpolation of Utility and Environmental Results from NEMS-BT

Output

Appendix V: Assignment of Gas Furnace Efficiency in the Base Case

Appendix W: Emissions Factors for Fuel Combustion from Natural Gas, LPG, and OilFired Residential Furnace and Boilers

Appendix X: Using Implementation Curves to Estimate Market Penetration of NonRegulatory Policies

Appendix Y: Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM)

 EE-RM/STD-01-350 COMMENT 164

Appendix L: Determination of Furnace and Boiler Energy Use in the LCC Analysis 

Appendix M: Derivation of Heating Load Hours 

Appendix N: User Instructions for the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Spreadsheet 

Appendix 0: Glossary of Variables and Their Values From EIA's RECS 2001 

Appendix P: Distribution for Discount Rates 

Appendix Q: Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Results Using Alternative Energy 

Price Scenarios 

Appendix R: National Energy Savings and Net Present Value Using Alternative Energy 

Price Scenarios 

Appendix S: User Instructions for Shipments and national Energy Savings Spreadsheet 

Model 

Appendix T: Life-Cycle Cost and Payback Period Results Using Alternative Material 

Price Scenarios 

Appendix U: Interpolation of Utility and Environmental Results from NEMS-BT 

Output 

Appendix V: Assignment of Gas Furnace Efficiency in the Base Case 

Appendix W: Emissions Factors for Fuel Combustion from Natural Gas, LPG, and OilFired Residential Furnace and Boilers 

Appendix X: Using Implementation Curves to Estimate Market Penetration of NonRegulatory Policies 

Appendix Y: Government Regulatory Impact Model (GRIM) 

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