NASA-CR-192"/'99

JPL Publicatio_ i

N93-22912

Unclas

4

(NASA-CR-I92799) CENTER FOR SPACE

M[CROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

Technicil Report, 199I (JPL)

mm 105 p

G3/33 0154716

Center for Space Microelectronics Technology

1991 Technical Report

July1,1992 8L._K

ORIGINAL PAGE

AI'_D WHITE PHOTOG,_,_I-I

NASA

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California C S M T
Center for Space Microelectronics Technology

Jet Propulsion Laboratory - .¥1ay 28, 1992

NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin toured the Microdevices Laboratory

and was given a demonstration of the microseismometer and microrover.

Bill Kaiser demonstrates the microseismometer to JPL Director Edward

Stone and Daniel Goldin.
-.-- _. _. TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE

1. Report No.

JPL Pub .r92--131

2. Government Accession No.

4. Title and Subtitle

Center for Space Microelectronics

Technology 1991 Technical Report

3. Recipient's Catalog No.

5. Report Date

July I, 1992

6. Performing Organization Code

L.

7. Author(s) Center for Space Microelectronics 8. Performing Organization Report No.

Technology

9. Per_rming Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No.

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY

California Institute of Technology

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, California 91109

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

Washingf0n, D.C. 20546

11. Contract or Grant No.

NAS7-918

13. T_e of Report and Period Covered

Annual Technical Report

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract

The 1991 Technical Report of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Center

for Space Microelectronics Technology summarizes the technical

accomplishments, publications, presentations, and patents of the

Center during the past year. The report lists 193 publications,

211 presentations, and 125 new technology reports and patents.

17. Key Words (Selected by Author(s))

Neural Networks - Microcircuit

Technology - Computer Operations

and Hardware - Electronics and

Electrical Engineering - Solid

State Physics - IR, UV, Optical De

19. Security Cl_slf. _f this report)

Unclassified

18. DistributionStatement

Unclassified - Unlimited

:ect_on

_. Security Clmsif. _f thls page)

Unclassified

21. No. of Pages

108

22. Price

JPL. 0184 R 9183

JPL Publication 92-13

Center for Space Microelectronics

1991 Technical Report

Technology

July 1, 1992

I IASA

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California C S M T
The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,

California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National Aeronautics and

Space Administration; Strategic Defense Initiative Organization/Innovative Science and

Technology Office; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; U.S. Army; U.S. Navy;

U.S. Air Force; and U.S. Department of Energy.

Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,

trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the

United State Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of

Technology.

The report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United

States Government. Neither the United States Government nor "any agency thereof, nor

any Of their employees, makes any warranty, lexpressed or implied, or assumes any legal

liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information,

apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe

privately owned rights.

---- - 2 .... .

i
Abstract

The 1991 Technical Report of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Center for Space

Microelectronics Technology summarizes the technical accomplishments, publications,

presentations, and patents of the Center during the past year. The report lists 193

publications, 211 presentations, and 125 new technology reports and patents.

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Table of Contents

Director's Report ................................................................................................................ 1

Technical Highlights ....................................................................................................... 3

Programmatic Highlights ................................................................................................ 4

Institutional Highlights ................................................................................................... 5

I. Solid State Devices ................................................................................................. 7

Overview ............................................ :............................................................................ 9

1991 Major Technical Achievements .............................................................................. 9

Electron Tunneling .............................................................................................. 9

Superconductivity ............................................................................................... 9

Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology ............................................... 10

Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization ................................. 12

Electronic Device Technology ........................................................................... 13

Microinstrument Technology ............................................................................ 14

Cultured Neuron Probe ..................................................................................... 14

Diamond Film Technology ............................................................................... 14

Technical Progress Reports

Electron Tunneling ............................................................................................ 15

Superconductivity ............................................................................................. 19

Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology ............................................... 23

Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization ................................. 26

Electronic Device Technology ........................................................................... 29

Cultured Neuron Probe ..................................................................................... 33

Diamond Film Technology ................ ............................................................... 34

IL Photonics ................................................................................................................. 37

Overview ....................................................................................................................... 39

1991 Major Technical Achievements ............................................................................ 39

Spatial Light Modulators .................................................................................. 39

Lasers ............................................................................................................... 39

Optoelectronic Materials and Characterization .................................................. 41

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits ..................................................................... 41

Infrared Detectors ............................................................................................. 42

Nonlinear Optical Materials .............................................................................. 43

Fiber Optics ...................................................................................................... 44

Photovoltaic Technology ................................ ................................................... 44

Space Environmental Effects on Materials ........................................................ 45

Technical Progress Reports

Spatial Light Modulators .................................................................................. 46

Lasers ............................................................................................................... 48

Optoelectronic Materials and Characterization .................................................. 50

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits ..................................................................... 51

Infrared Detectors ............................................................................................. 52

Nonlinear Optical Materials .............................................................................. 56

Fiber Optics ...................................................................................................... 60

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Photovoltaic Technology .................................................................................. 61

Optical Signal Processing ................................................................................ 62

Space Environmental Effects on Materials ....................................................... 63

Advanced Computing ......................................................................................... 65

Overview ...................................................................................................................... 67

1991 Major Technical Achievements ............................................................................ 67

Parallel Computation ........................................................................................ 67

Neural and Analog Computing ......................................................................... 68

Neurocompufing Theory and Nonlinear Science .............................................. 69

Optical Processing ........................................................................................... 71

Data Storage ..................................................................................................... 72

Software Engineering and Computer Science ................................................... 73

Technical Progress Reports

Parallel Computation .... ............... '" ......... ,,,., ................. . ................................ 73

Neural and Analog Computing ......................................................................... 78

Neural and Nonlinear Theory ...... ,,. ............... 83

Optical Processing ,., ................................. ..................................................... 87

Data Storage ..................................................................................................... 89

Software Engineering and Computer Science ................................................... 91

Custom Microcircuits ......................................................................................... 93

Overview ...................................................................................................................... 95

1991 Major Technical Achievements ............................................................................ 95

Technical Progress Reports

Custom Microcircuits .... ,......... ......................................................................... 96

Appendix .................. .............................................................................................. 99

CSMT-Caltech Campus Collaborations ..................................................................... 101

CSMT-Other Collaborations ...................................................................................... 103

Distinguished Visiting Scientists ................................................................................. 106

Honors and Awards ................................................................................................... 107

Conferences and Workshops Sponsored and/or Hosted by CSMT ........................... 108

vi
Director's Report

This report is published on the fifth anniversary of the Center for Space Microelectronics

Technology (CSMT), which was founded in 1987 at Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory

(JPL). NASA and several Department of Defense (DoD) agencies with space responsibilities established CSMT in order to create a critical mass program in space microelectronics

with world-class facilities, equipment and staff.

The Center concentrates on innovative, high-risk, high-payoff concepts and devices with

the potential to enable future space missions and to significantly enhance current and

planned missions. CSMT conducts research and development in four technical areas:

solid-state devices, photonics, custom microcircuits and advanced computing. Research

and development are pursued through proof of concept demonstration, and successes

are transferred to engineering development at JPL, in other Government laboratories

and industry.

CSMT focuses on those aspects of microelectronics and advanced computing that are

unique to space applications. A concrete example is the development of new sensors

for the very long wavelength infrared and submillimeter regions of the electromagnetic

spectrum where the atmosphere is opaque and one must get into space to do observations.

Another example is the development of laser systems of specific wavelengths tuned to the

absorption lines of trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

Space systems require low mass and power consumption with extremely high reliability.

CSMT's new thrust in microsensors and microinstruments directly addresses these issues.

Custom microcircuits, including electronic neural networks and low temperature sensor

readout chips, are major elements of the CSMT miniaturization program.

Analysis of the enormous amount of data generated by modem NASA and DoD space

missions requires orders of magnitude increase in computing power, both on the spacecraft

and on the ground, and similar improvements in communications rates. To support these

requirements, CSMT has aggressive programs in high performance parallel computing,

data visualization, optical communications and gigabit networks.

After five years, CSMT has gained national recognition for its efforts in the

following areas:

Electron tunneling.

Terahertz/submillimeter technology.

Concurrent (parallel) computing.

Neural networks.

Microsensors and microinstruments.

Silicon-compatible infrared detectors.
CSMT alsohassignificantprogramsin:

Longwavelengthandfar-infrareddetectors.

Low andhightemperaturesuperconductors.

Semiconductorlasers.

Acousto-ot-picaltunable_fi|ter _ _spectrometers._:_ __'__ _'

And,CSMTis investingin theseareasfor futureapplications:

Nanometerdevices.

OptoelectronicintegratedCircuits.

Innovativematerials.

Policyguidanceandprogramoversightfor theCenterareprovidedby theCSMTBoard

of Governors.Boardmembersarethemajorsponsorsof theCenter,togetherwith the

Directorof JPLandtheCaltechPresidentandProvost.Thisyear,theU.S.Army

LaboratoryCommandwith responsibilityto developspacetechnologyfor Army needs

becamea majorsponsor,andCol.DavidJackson,Directorof theArmy SpaceTechnology

andResearchOffice,joinedtheBoardof Governors.

AlthoughCSMT'smissionisto performresearchanddevelopmentin spacemicroelectronicsfor NASA andDoDspacemissions,severaICSMT inventionsalso

havesignificantcommercialpotentialonEarth_Dr. RobertWhite,Undersecretaryfor

Technology,U.S.Departmentof Commerce,hasrecentlyjoinedtheBoardof Governorsto

helpdevelopinnovativeapproachesfor CSMTto workwith industryto enhanceU.S.

competitiveness_The membersof theCSIVlTBoard of Governors are:

• ___w_d Stone, (Chairman)iDir_t0r, JPL _ _

• Dr. Gary Denm__an, Director, Defense Advanced Research projects Agency.

Dr. Dwight Duston, Director, Strategic Defense Initiative Organization/Innovative

Science and Technology Office.

Dr. Thomas Everhart, President, Caltech.

Dr. Lennard Fisk, Associate Administrator, Office of Space Science and

Applications, NASA.

Col. David Jackson, Director, Army Space Technology and Research Office.

Dr. Paul Jennings, Vice President and Provost, Caltech.

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Mr. Richard Petersen, Associate Administrator, Office of Aeronautics and Space

Technology, NASA.

Dr. Robert White, Undersecretary for Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce.

2
TheCSMT ScientificAdvisoryBoard,comprisingsevenworld-renownedscientists,

reviewsthetechnicalprogramandprovidesadviceto theBoardof GovernorsandCSMT

Director. Theremainderof thisDirector'sReportsummarizeslastyear'sachievementson

thetechnical,programmaticandinstitutionalfronts.

Technical Highlights

CSMT has a number of technical achievements to report. CSMT scientists and engineers

accomplished the following:

Long-Wavelength Infrared Detectors. Fabricated 128 x 128 arrays of SixGel.x/Si

heterojunction internal photoemission infrared detectors; demonstrated 5 percent

quantum efficiency in the 8-12 micron range and a cutoff wavelength of

approximately 18 microns.

Electron Tunnel Sensors. Demonstrated operation of a prototype electron tunneling

infrared sensor with the following unique features: uncooled broadband sensor

(1-1000 microns); 10 times more sensitive than a pyroelectric detector; silicon

rnicromachining used to fabricate all sensor components; array-compatible.

Long Duration Exposure Facility. Explained and documented radiation darkening,

temperature effects and connector contamination on fiber samples carded on the

Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), which was launched in 1985 and

recovered in 1990. The sample suffered less than 4 decibels loss per kilometer, and

the results strongly support the use of fiberoptics in space.

Semiconductor Lasers. Demonstrated a CW single-mode 727-nanometer diode

laser for injection locking of a solid-state laser.

Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES). A CSMT radiation

effects test chip was carried aboard CRRES, which was launched in 1990.

Submillimeter Sensor Technology. Demonstrated a niobium superconductorinsulator-superconductor tunnel junction at 500 gigahertz in a Caltech waveguide

mixer; demonstrated a 490-gigahertz system consisting of quasi-optical lens, SIS

mixer and a quintupled Gunn local oscillator.

High Temperature Superconductivity. Successfully fabricated a YBaCuO

superconducting-normal metal-superconducting (SNS) weak link operating at

87 kelvins.

Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulator (O-SLM). Fabricated asymmetric

Fabry-Perot O-SLM structures with npn/multiple quantum-wen active material;

demonstrated record-breaking, high-contrast (greater than 60:1) modulation

performance with only a 30-milliwatt laser diode source.

Sensor Electronics. Demonstrated a low noise, two-dimensional electron gas FET

sensor readout device operating at 5 kelvins.

3
Electronic Neural Networks. Transferred the neuroprocessing chip technology to

McDonnell Douglas Corporation and Charles Stark Draper Laboratory; developed a

neural-network inspired, dedicated processor that solves the computation-intensive

"route-planning" problem at ultrahigh speeds.

Neocognitron Neural Network. Successfully demonstrated discrimination of radar

signatures of targets using a 9 x 9 channel, 2-layer optical neocognitron neural

network using a Damann grating fabricated using electron beam lithography.

Vertical Bloch Line (VBL) Memory. Invented an improved method of reading

VBLs in the VBL memory. This improvement uses the bubble movement under an

applied magnetic field.

Programmatic Highlights

CSMT hosted or sponsored the following technical workshops during 1991"

• Second International Workshop on Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy, held at

JPL on January 28, 1991.

• The NASA Astrotech Sensor Workshop, held in Pasadena on

January 23-25, 1991.

° The Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, held at JPL

on February 26-28, 1991.

• The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization/Innovative Science and Technology

Office Symposium on Nanostructures and Applications, held at the University of

Arizona on November 19-20, 1991.

Over the past year, CSMT personnel served on numerous panels and committees:

• Joint Services Electronics Program (JSEP) Technical Review Committee.

• NASA University of Michigan Space Terahertz Technology Center, Technical

Representative Committee.

• Concurrent Supercomputing Consortium Policy Board.

• Space Technology Interdependency Group (STIG).

• Defense Intelligence Agency National MASINT Architecture Steering Committee.

• U.S. Air Force Scientific Advisory Board.

• Executive Board of the Electronic Materials and Processing Division, American

Vacuum Society.
DepartmentofEnergyOfficeof BasicEnergySciencesAdvisoryBoard.

CongressionalOfficeof TechnologyAssessmentPanelonMiniaturization

Technologies.

A numberof awardswerepresentedto CSMTscientists.Most notablewerethefollowing:

PeterMarkMemorialAward

William J.Kaiser,forinnovativeapplicationsof electrontunnelingtechniques,by

theAmericanVacuumSociety.

ThomasR.BenedictMemorialAward

Anil P.Thakoor,for thepaper,"ElectronicNeuralNetworkfor DynamicResource

Allocation,"attheAmericanInstituteof AeronauticsandAstronauticsComputersin

AerospaceVIII Conference.

Lew Alien AwardforExcellence

MichaelH. Hecht,for contributingto theelucidationof photovoltaiceffectsin

metal-semiconductorsystemsandits impactontheunderstandingof the

fundamentalmechanismsofSchottkybarrierformation.

During 1991,CSMT staffpublished193papers,made211presentationsandfiled 125new

technologyreportsandpatentapplications.CSMT alsohostedseveralDistinguished

Visiting Scientists,including:

RavindraAthale

Departmentof ElectricalEngineering,GeorgeMasonUniversity.

MichaelSpencer

Departmentof Physics,HowardUniversity.

HeinrichRohrer

IBM Ztirich ResearchLaboratory,Z_irich,Switzerland.

FrancisT. S.Yu

Departmentof ElectricalEngineering,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity.

L. Eric Cross

Departmentof ElectricalEngineering,ComellUniversity.

Institutional Highlights

One particular highlight was the installation at Caltech of the Intel Touchstone Delta parallel

supercomputer, which currently is the world's fastest computer. The Delta was purchased

by the Concurrent Supercomputing Consortium as part of the National High Performance

Computing and Communications Program. Consortium members include JPL, Caltech,

NASA, the Defense Research Advanced Projects Agency, the National Science Foundation

and several Department of Energy Laboratories.
i

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I. Solid State Devices

PRL=_I,EDING PAGE BLAt'_IK NOT FILMED

Overview

The Solid State Device Research Program is directed toward developing innovative devices

for space remote and in-situ sensing, and for data processing. Innovative devices can result

from the "standard" structures in innovative materials, such as low and high temperature

superconductors, strained-layer superlattices, or diamond films. Innovative devices can

also result from "innovative" structures achieved using electron tunneling or

nanolithography in standard materials. A final step is to use both innovative structures and

innovative materials. A new area of emphasis is the miniaturization of sensors and

instruments molded by using the techniques of electronic device fabrication to

micromachine silicon into micromechanical and electromechanical sensors and actuators.

1991 Major Technical Achievements

Electron Tunneling

• Observed metal band structure.effects in cartier transport for the first time using

Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (BEEM) on CoSi2/Si diodes fabricated in

the Microdevices Laboratory. A new cartier transport mechanism was discovered

to govern the performance of CoSi2/Si photodiodes.

Imaged artificial interface structures with BEEM. The resolution of BEEM was

found to consistently meet or exceed theoretical expectations.

Characterized minority carrier transport across a pn junction for the first time

with BEEM. The potential profile, collection efficiency, and lateral homogeneity of

pn-junctions and other heterostructures can be determined on a microscopic scale

with this technique.

Surface/Interface, Inc., of Mountain View, CA, announced a commercial,

variable temperature BEEM system.

Demonstrated operation of prototype tunneling infrared sensor. Measured Noise

Equivalent Power (NEP) 8 x 10 -10 id_,r/_, which is competitive with best available

pyroelectric uncooled infrared sensors.

Designed improved tunneling infrared sensor.

Developed new fabrication techniques for improved infrared sensor.

Demonstrated operation of improved tunneling infrared sensor. Sensitivity is

3-5 x better than prototype.

Demonstrated operation of wide-bandwidth transducer element for tunneling

accelerometer.

Superconductivity

• Performed first comprehensive study of Y-Ba-Cu-O compositional dependence on

laser deposition parameters.

9

'tt _T_ PRE'qC-ED_G P/I_E BLANK NOT RLMED
Fabricated the first all-high-Tc superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor

(SNS) weak links utilizing nonsuperconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O normal metal layers.

Fabricated high-quality edge-geometry SNS weak links with PrBa2Cu307-x"

normal metal layers.

Deposited in-situ Superconducting Ba.6K.4BiO3 thin films by laser ablation.

High Tc microwave filter accepted for launch on HTSSE I satellite.

Submiilimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology

Designed, fabricated, and tested a 10 eiement submillimeter wave prototype

helium cooled niobium-aluminum oxide niobium Superconducting tunnel junction

planar array receiver at 230 GHz. An overaII receiver noise temperature of 260K

DSB was achieved. The planar mixer noise temperature measured 150K DSB and

had a conversion loss of 10 dB into a matched load. This is only a factor of four

higher than the best waveguide receivers using similar superconducting tunnel

junctions at this frequency.

• Designed, fabricated, and tested a 200 GHz whiskeriess diode subharrnonically

pumped waveguide mixer to be used as a prototype for the Earth Observing System

Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. Obtained mixer noise temperatures below

1600K SSB and a conversion loss less than 9 dB, which surpasses the lowest

v al.ues _ver reported for this type of mixer at thi_ frequency, including those using

devices that use whiskered diodes. =_

• Designed hew mask sets for 630 GHz Nb-AIOx-Nb and NbN-MgO-NbN SIS

mixer elements. These new designs employ both single pole and multipole

integrated microstrip tuning elements. Preliminary mixer tests show performance

better than cooled Schottky mixers. Improvements by a factor of 2 to 3 are

expected.

• Made first measurements of dispersion in Nb-SiO-Nb microstrip transmission lines

over a frequency range of 100 GHz to 800 GHz. These transmission lines show an

onset of dispersion near 500 GHz, which is lower than expected. This is critical to

the design of submitlimeter wave mixer c_'6Uitsl

• Improved a calculational technique to de-embed the 630 GHz mixer circuit using

Tucker's quantum theory of mixing. The new technique properly accounts for rf

power reflected from the circuit.

• Waveguide coupled Nb/A1Ox/Nb mixers were put into field receivers at Owens

Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) and the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory

(CSO) at 115 and 230 GHz. This establishes Nb/A1Ox/Nb tunnel iunctions as

state-of-the-,'u't, effectively replacing Pb-allo.v junctions.

• Fabricated waveguide coupled Nb/A1Ox/Nb mixers for operation at 500 GHz.

Achieved iowest noise temperature at this frequency (TR(DSB) 175K). These

devices are now in use at CSO.

10

p
Fabricated quasioptically coupled Nb/A1Ox/Nb mixer elements using twin slot

antennas for 500 GHz operation (TR(DSB) = 420K).

Fabricated quasioptically coupled Nb/A1Ox/Nb mixers using log-spiral antennas

for broadband coupling.

Fabricated quasioptically coupled Nb/A1Ox/Nb and NbN/MgO/NbN focal plane

arrays (5 x 10) for operation at 230 GHz.

Fabricated Nb/A1Ox/Nb and NbN/MgO/NbN mixers for waveguide coupled

mixers operating at 626 GHz.

Developed a submicron planar SIS junction fabrication process using electron

beam lithography.

Designed, fabricated (at Lincoln Laboratory and Chalmers), and tested single

barrier varactors (SBV) in a waveguide tripler mount to 200 GHz. Characterized

the SBV varactor performance over a frequency range from 180 to 210 GHz with

various whisker lengths as a function of input pump power to compare perfomaance

to our theoretical predictions.

Developed a theory of current saturation in semiconductor varactors that addresses

the limitations of these devices at submillimeter wavelengths. With this theory, we

predict performance of multipliers at high pump powers and high frequencies much

more accurately. This knowledge allows us to optimize device design.

Designed and carried out initial fabrication of a waveguide quintupler mount to

810 GHz.

Designed and carried out initial fabrication of a new planar varactor, the back-toback barrier-n-n (bbBNN) varactor.

Demonstrated a quantum well oscillator above 700 GHz through a contract to

Lincoln Laboratory.

Stabilized a quantum well oscillator at 200 GHz with a 10 kHz full width at

maximum half power through the contract to Lincoln Laboratory.

Developed a planarization process based on resist etch back for 1lam isolated steps

in A1GaAs BIN diode structures for millimeter- and submillimeter-wave local

oscillators and multipliers.

11
Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization

• Observed surface plasmon resonances in metallic silicide particles incorporated in

MBE-grown silicon. This is the first report of the optical properties of composite

materials incorporating metal particles whose size and aspect ratio can be controlled

on a nanometer scale. The resonance peaks observed in the absorption spectra of a

set of samples have been modeled successfully by Maxwell-Garnett theory. These

resonances also appear in the photoresponse of Schottky detectors fabricated from

the same structures, indicating that the surface plasmon modes decay into detectable

single-particle excitations. These results constitute the first evidence of a new IR

detection mechanism based on resonant absorption in nanometer-scale metallic

particles.

Constructed a scanning cathodoluminescence imaging system with sensitivity from

400 to 1600 nm for high-resolution imaging in a Scanning Electron Microscope

(SEM) in the Microdevices Laboratory. This instrument offers an unprecedented

richness of correlated spatial, spectral and polarization-dependent emission data,

coupled with conventional SEM images of the same area. The system operates at

carder densities consistent with device operating conditions, and provides images

with submicron resolution from which information can be obtained on composition,

defects, stress, and carrier transport and recombination. During its first year of

operation, it has provided the first definitive evidence of directional strain relief in the

vicinity of microcracks_!n heteroepitaxiai GaAs on Si structures.

Demonstrated a technique to obtain photoreflectance measurements of

semiconductor structures in the 850-1000 nm range using a Fourier Transform

Spectrometer.

Installed and brought into operation a state-of-the-art analytical high-resolution

TEM system in the Microdevices Laboratory. This ABT 002B model 200 kV

electron microscope has°a point-to-point resolution of 1.8A and a nanoprobe with a

minimum diameter of 5A. The TEM is equipped with energy dispersive X-ray

(EDX) spectroscopy and is connected to the JPL-Cray for image analysis and

simulation. This system was purchased for JPL under the EIC Capital Equipment

Program, and is an integrated facility also containing specimen preparation and

dedicated photographic equipment. The system provides information on structure,

defects, and interface characteristics of a wide range of materials, and played a key

role in the discovery of a new subsurface crystal growth technique.

Developed a new MBE-based growth technique in which a metal layer can be

grown at a subsurface interface by diffusion through a semiconductor overlayer. A

continuous, single-crystal layer of cobalt disilicide under a single-crystal Si capping

layer has been achieved using this approach, indicating the potential for fabrication

of a variety of metallic structures in semiconductors. This growth mode has been

coined "endotaxy" as it occurs within the structure rather than on the surface as in

conventional "epitaxy". Gr0wthk0ccursat _6_ed_seed nucleation sites, which are

prepared by a technique of columnar epitaxy, previously invented in MDL. The

newly installed TEM system played a crucial role in elucidating this new

phenomenon.

12
Developed an MOCVD deposition process capable of selective area growth of

high-quality GaAs and A1GaAs epitaxial layers on selected areas of a GaAs

substrate through openings in a silicon nitride layer masking the substrate. This

new fabrication technique utilizes a novel approach for selective growth on nitridecoated substrates, which have been patterned using the electron-beam lithography

system housed in the Microdevices Laboratory. The fabrication of patterned

AIGaAs structures with dimensions on the 0.1 gm scale has been demonstrated in

this system. The growth technique is based on diethlygallium-chloride as a source

for gallium, rather than the more commonly used trimethylgalIium. Preferential

growth of layered structures of GaAs/A1GaAs, with an overall thickness as high as

5 g.m, has been demonstrated on the opening with no deposits on the nearby nitride

surfaces. These structures have features with lateral dimensions as small as 1000 A.

The grown layers have shown very strong cathodoluminescence signals, indicative

of their good optical qualities. This process will make it possible to grow submicron

size device structures, such as quantum dot lasers, without a need for post-growth

device processing steps such as chemical or plasma etching. This work is a

collaborative effort with Professor Kerry Vahala of Caltech.

Demonstrated that simple stain etching of silicon wafers can produce porous

layers which luminesce in the red at room temperature. The luminescence is similar

to that reported for porous layers produced by more exotic "anodic" etching

procedures, which has caused a flurry of excitement because of the implications for

silicon-based optoelectronics. In comparison to anodically etched wafers, also

produced at JPL, the stain-etched films luminesce somewhat less brightly, but with

greater uniformity across the sample. TEM, XPS, and RHEED analyses show the

bulk of the stain-etched films to consist of amorphous silicon. This suggests that

the most-widely-accepted interpretation of the luminescence as originating from

crystalline quantum wires is incorrect. Selective definition of the emitting area has

also been demonstrated using a photolithographic mask for ion implantation.

Implanted regions etch more rapidly, resulting in patterned emitting features.

Electronic Device Technology

• Fabricated quasi-continuous tone computer generated phase hologram etched in

PMMA by E-Beam lithography.

Fabricated room temperature high electron mobility test structures using strained

layer quantum wells based on 2 monolayers of InAs interlayered with 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

or 8 monolayers of GaAs. Mobility enhancement is 20% to 80% compared to

comparably designed pseudomorphic InGaAs or A1GaAs/GaAs structures.

Previous problems were due to device design parameters and defects in low

temperature GaAs layers.

Developed MBE In-flee sample mount technology giving low wafer defects and

low thermal variation over wafer, while pemaitting RHEED analysis before and

during sample growth.

13
Microinstrument Technology

Demonstrated a new ultra-high-sensitivity position detection device based on a

unique capacitance detection method that shows a sensitivity of at least 0.001

nm/Hz 1/2. This device has many applications for transducers, including highperformance guidance and control sensors.

Fabricated a high-performance compact microseismometer operating at state-of-

"'" 1/2 •

the-art sensmwty of 10 nano-g/Hz and w_th a total mass of less than 150 grams.

Tested=new microseismomet_-aiong With_conve_onffinS_ments at the worldleading Caltech facility where the new microseismometer detected weak, distant,

earthquake activity with sensitivity comparable tO the best available seismometers.

Cultured Neuron Probe

• Developed processing steps for fabricating prototype neuron probe with neuron

wells by micromachining of silicon.

Delivered prototype probes to J. Pine and G. Buzaki for in-vivo testing.

i :

E

Diamond Film Technology

• Achieved initial fiucleation for diamOndgrowih byECR plasmas at 13 mTorr and

600°C. The nucleation of diamond by ECR plasmas can be employed for

developing epitaxial diamond growth process.

Deposited boron nitride films containing amorphous, hexagonal and cubic phases

by ECR plasmas using B2H 6 and N 2 as source gases. ECR deposition of BN films

is the first step for developing a desired interlayer material to promote nucleation

and lattice matching for diamond growth on non-diamond substrates.

Demonstrated diamond depositions on ECR-deposited amorphous BN and cubic

SiC films, without pretreating the surface of these films with diamond powder.

These results indicate the feasibility of developing a viable substrate technology for

diamond film applications.

Expanded diamond film nucleation and deposition parameter space to the pressure

range of 10 mTorr to 10 Torr, temperature range of 400 to 750°C, using 2 to 15%

CH4 and 2 to 10% O2 in H2 plasmasi

Fabricated boron nitride and diamond film samples for NASA Evaluation of

Oxygen Interaction with Materials-Series 3 (EOIM-3) flight experiments.

Developed cathodoluminescence spectroscopy as a characterization technique for

diamond films, and showed high quality diamond films deposited at 10 Tort and

600°C with very few nitrogen and non-detectable silicon impurities.

14
Electron Tunneling

Publications

"Micromachined Silicon Tunnel Sensor for Motion Detection"

T.W. Kenny, S.B. Waltman, J.K. Reynolds and WJ. Kaiser

Applied Physics Letters, vol. 58, pp. 100-102, January 1991

"Novel Infrared Detector Based on a Tunneling Displacement Transducer"

T.W. Kenny, W.J. Kaiser, S.B. Waltman and J.K. Reynolds

Applied Physics Letters, vol. 59, pp. 1820-1822, October I991

"Electron Tunnel Sensors"

T.W. Kenny and W.J. Kaiser

Progress in Precision Engineering, pp. 39-49, May 1991

"New Electron and Hole Spectroscopies Based on Ballistic-Electron-EmissionMicroscopy"

L.D. Bell, W.J. Kaiser, M.H. Hecht and L.C. Davis

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, vol. B 9, 594, 1991

"Ballistic Carrier Spectroscopy of the CoSi2/Si Interface"

W.J. Kaiser, M.H. Hecht, R. W. Fathauer, L.D. Bell, E. Y. Lee and L.C. Davis

Physical Review B, vol. 44, 6546, 1991

"Lateral Tunneling through Voltage Controlled Barriers"

S.J. Manion, L.D. Bell, W.J. Kaiser, P.D. Maker and R.E. Muller

Applied Physics Letters, vol. 59, p. 213, 1991

"Time Dependence of Photovoltaic Shifts in Photoelectron Spectroscopy of

Semiconductors"

M.H. Hecht

Physics Review B, vol. 43, no. 14, p. 12102, 1991

"Electron Tunnel Sensors"

T.W. Kenny, W.J. Kaiser, J.K. Reynolds, J.A. Podosek, H.K. Rockstad, E.C. Vote and

S.B. Waltman

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology (accepted)

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy Testing of Quantum Electron Wave

Heterostructures"

G.N. Henderson, T.K. Gaylord, E.N. Glytis, P.N. First and W.J. Kaiser

Solid State Communications (accepted)

"A New Spectroscopy of Carrier Scattering"

W.J. Kaiser, L.D. Bell, M.H. Hecht and L.C. Davis

NATO Science Forum '90 (accepted)

"A New Scanning Probe Microscopy for Imaging Subsurface Interface Structure"

W.J. Kaiser, L.D. Bell, M.H. Hecht and L.C. Davis

American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings (accepted)

15
Invited Presentations

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

W.J. Kaiser

Scanning Probe Microscopy Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, January 11, 1991

"A New Model of Electron Transport in the CoSi2/Si(111) System"

W.J. Kaiser _ = :

B EEM Workshop '91, Pasadena, CA, January 28, 1991

"Photovoltaic Effects in Measurement of SurfaceBand Bending"

M.H. Hecht

Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI), Long Beach, CA, January 29,

1991

"Direct Spectroscopy of Interfaces and Carrier Transport Using BEEM"

L.D. Bell

March Meeting of the American Physical Society, Cincinnati, OH, March 18-22, 1991

"Recent Developments in Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

M.H. Hecht

Seminar at ETH, Zurich, Switzerland, August 20, 1991

"Investigation of Interface Electronic Properties with BEEM"

M.H. Hecht

National Science Foundation Workshop on Epitaxy, Interfaces, Defects, and Processing of

Electronic and Photonic Materials, Pittsburgh, PA, November 4-7, 1991

Presentations

"Low Temperature Ballistic Carrier Spectroscopy of CoSi2/Si"

W.J. Kaiser

Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI), Long Beach, CA, January 30,

1991

"Electron Tunnel Sensors"

W.J. Kaiser

Caltech Physics Department Colloquium, Pasadena, CA, February 15, 1991

"Electron Tunnel Sensors"

T.W. Kenny

Instrument Society of America, Bakersfield, CA, March 8, 1991

"Electron Tunnel Sensors"

T.W. Kenny and W.J. Kaiser

6th International Precision Engineering Seminar, Braunschweig, Germany, May 28, 1991

"Observation of Artificial Nanostructures with BEEM"

L.D. Bell

International Conference on Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Interlaken, Switzerland,

August 12-16, 1991

16
"Observationof Minority CarrierTransportby BEEM"

M.H. Hecht

InternationalConferenceonScanningTunnelingMicroscopy,Interlaken,Switzerland,

August12-16,1991

"SurfacePhotovoltageEffectsin SchottkyBarriersAssociatedwithPeriodicX-Ray

Sources"

M.H. Hecht

Meetingof theAmericanVacuumSociety,Seattle,WA, November11-15,1991

"New BEEM Methodsfor SemiconductorInterfaces"

L.D.Bell

Meetingof theAmericanVacuumSociety,Seattle,WA, November11-15,1991

"ElectronTunnelSensors"

T.W. Kenny, W.J. Kaiser, J.K. Reynolds, J.A. Podosek, H.K. Rockstad, E.C. Vote and

S.B. Waltman

1991 American Vacuum Society Symposium, Seattle, WA, November 15, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"A Micromachined Electron Tunneling Infrared Detector"

T.W. Kenny, W.J. Kaiser and S.B. Waltman

New Technology Report NPO-18413, November 7, 1990 (U.S. patent pending)

"Electronically Tunable Elastic Suspension for Sensors"

W.J. Kaiser, T.W. Kenny, S.B. Waltman, J.K. Reynolds and T.R. Van Zandt

New Technology Report NPO-18427, November 14, 1990 (U.S. patent pending)

"Measurement of Surface Potential by Photovoltage Decay"

M.H. Hecht

New Technology Report NPO-18457, December 17, 1990 (filed)

"An Electron Tunneling Magnetometer"

W.J. Kaiser, T.W. Kenny and S.B. Waltman

New Technology Report NPO-18493, February 15, 1991 (U.S. patent pending)

"A Micromachined Silicon Tunnel Sensor for Motion Detection"

T.W. Kenny, S.B. Waltman and W.J. Kaiser

New Technology Report NPO-18513, March 14, 1991 (U.S. patent pending)

"Improved Design for Tunneling Infrared Sensor"

T.W. Kenny and W.J. Kaiser

New Technology Report NPO-18560, April 18, 1991 (filed)

"Growth of Delta-doped Layers on Silicon Charged-coupled Devices for Enhanced

Ultraviolet Response"

M.E. Hoenk, P.J. Grunthaner, F.J. Grunthaner, R.W. Terhune and M.H. Hecht

New Technology Report NPO-18688, September 23, 1991 (filed)

17
"SiliconSampleHolderfor MolecularBeamEpitaxy"

M.E. Hoenk,P.J.GrunthanerandF.J.Grunthaner

NewTechnologyReportNPO-18687,September23, 1991(filed)

"TunnelEffect MeasuringSystemsandParticleDetectors"

W.J.Kaiser,S.B.WaltmanandT.W. Kenny

NASA TechBrief NPO-17362,vol. 13,no.9,p. 59,September1989(U.S.patentpending)

"Formationof OhmicGoldContactsonEpitaxialGaAs"

M.H. Hecht,L.D. Bell andW.J.Kaiser

NASA Tech.Brief No.NPO-17795,vol. 15,no.3,p. 58,March1991

"Charge-carrierScatteringSpectroscopywithBEEM"

M.H. Hecht,L.D. Bell andW.J.Kaiser

NASA Tech.Brief No.NPO-18411,November6, 1990(accepted)

"SurfaceModificationUsingLow Energy Ground State Ion Beams"

A. Chutjuan, M.H. Hecht and O.J. Orient

U.S. Patent No. 4,902,647, March 1, 1991

18
Superconductivity

Publications

"Edge Geometry YBaCuO/Au/Nb SNS Devices"

B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote and L.J. Bajuk

IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 27, 848, March 1991

"YBaCuO/Au/Nb Sandwich Geometry SNS Weak Links on C-Axis Oriented YBaCuO"

M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt and L.J. Bajuk

IEEE Trans. Magnetics, vol. 27, 1335, March 1991

"Study of Chemically Etched BiSrCaCuO Surfaces"

R.P. Vasquez and R.M. Housley

Physica C, vol. 175, no. 233, April 15, 1991

"High Tc Superconductor Coplanar Waveguide Niter"

W. Chew, L.J. Bajuk, T.W. Cooley, M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt, D.L. Rascoe and A.L. Riley

IEEE Elec. Dev. Lett., vol. 12, 197, May 1991

"Chemical Nature of the Barrier in Pb/YBaCuO Tunneling Structures"

R.P. Vasquez, M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt and L.J. Bajuk

J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A, vol. 9, 570, May/June 1991

"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Sr and Ba Compounds"

R.P. Vasquez

J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., vol. 56, no. 217, June 1991

"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Chemically-Etched T1BaCaCuO Thin Film

Surfaces"

R.P. Vasquez and W.L. Olson

Physica C, vol. 177, no. 223, June 15, 1991

"All-High-Tc Edge-Geometry Weak Links Utilizing Y-Ba-Cu-O Barrier Layers"

B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote and L.J. Bajuk

Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 59, 982, August 19, 1991

"Design and Performance of a High Tc Superconductor Coplanar Waveguide Filter"

W. Chew, A.L. Riley, D.L. Rascoe, B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote, T.W. Cooley and L.J. Bajuk

IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 39, September 1991

"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Chemically-Etched Nd-Ce-Cu-O Surfaces"

R.P. Vasquez, A. Gupta and A. Kussmaul

Solid State Commun., vol. 78, no. 303, 1991

"A Low Pass CPW Microwave Filter for the NRL High Temperature Superconductivity

Space Experiment"

A.L. Riley, B.D. Hunt, W. Chew, L. Bajuk, M.C. Foote, D.L. Rascoe and T.W. Cooley

Proc. 2nd World Congress on Superconductivity, 1991

19
"CoplanarWaveguideMicrowaveFilterof YBaCuO"

W. Chew,A.L. Riley, D.L. Rascoe,B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote,T.W. CooleyandL.J.

Bajuk

SuperconductivityApplicationsfor InfraredandMicrowaveDevicesII, Proc.SPIE,1991

"InteractingandSelf-OrganizedTwo-LevelStatesin TunnelBarriers"

L. Pesenson,R.P.Robertazzi,R.A. Buhrman,S.R.CypherandB.D. Hunt

Phys.Rev. Lett., vol. 67, p. 2866, 1991

"High TemperatureSuperconductingSuperconductor/Normal Metal/Superconductor

Devices"

M.C. Foote,B.D. Hunt andL.J. Bajuk,invited paper

SuperconductivityApplicationsforInfraredandMicrowaveDevices17,Proc.SPIE,1991

"All-YBa2Cu307-xEdgeGeometryWeakLinks"

B.D. Hunt, L.J. Bajuk, J.B. Barrier,M.C. Foote,B.B. Jonesand R.P.Vasquez

Progressin High Tc SuperconductingTransistorsandOtherDevices,Proc.SPIEvol.

1597,1991

"YBaCuO]Au/NbDeviceStructures"

B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote,L.J. Bajuk andR.P.Vasquez,invited paper

Progressin High TemperatureSuperconductingTransistorsandotherDevices,R. Singh,

J. NarayanandD.T. Shaw,eds.,Proc.SPIE,vol. 1394,89, 1991

"High-TemperatureSuperconductorThinFilm Devicesfor SpaceApplications"

B.D. Hunt, A. L. Riley, M.C. Foote,W. Chew,L.J. Bajuk, D.L. Rascoe,T.W. Cooley

andR.P.Vasquez

SpaceMicroeiectronics,vol. 3, 28, Winter 1991(JPL410-25-3)

"On theScalingof TransportPropertiesin HighTemperatureSuperconductors"

N.-C. Yeh, D.S. Reed,W. Jiang,U. Kriplani, F. Holtzberg, A. Gupta, B.D. Hunt,

R. Vasquez, M. Foote and L. Bajuk

Phys. Rev. B. 1991 (accepted)

"Modeling of Planar Quasi-TEM Superconducting Transmission Lines"

D. Antsos, W. Chew, A.L. Riley, B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote, L.J. Bajuk, D.L. Rascoe and

T.W. Cooley

IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1991 (accepted)

"A Coplanar Waveguide Filter Using Thin Film High Temperature Superconductor"

W. Chew, L.J. Bajuk, T.W. Cooley, M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt, D.L. Rascoe and

A.L. Riley

Proc. 1991 IEEE MTT-S Inter. Microwave Symposium, June 1991 (accepted)

"X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Inequivalent Oxygen Sites in High

Temperature Superconductors"

R.P. Vasquez, B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote, L.J. Bajuk and W.L. Olson

Physica C, 1991 (accepted)

2O
"X-RayPhotoelectronSpectroscopyCharacterizationof aNonsuperconductingY-Ba-Cu-O

SNSBarrierMaterial"

R.P.Vasquez,B.D. Hunt,M.C.FooteandL.J.Bajuk

J.Vac.Sci.Technol. A, 1991 (in press)

"Valence Band and Ba Core Level Study of Chemically-Etched YBaCuO"

R.P. Vasquez, M.C. Foote, L. Bajuk and B.D. Hunt

J. Electron Spectroscopy, 1991 (in press)

Invited Presentations

"High Temperature Superconducting Superconductor/Normal-Metal/Superconductor

Devices"

M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt and L.J. Bajuk

SPIE Symposium on "Superconductivity Applications for Infrared and Microwave Devices

II," Orlando, FL, April 1-5, 1991

"AI1-YBaCuO Edge-Geometry Weak Links"

B.D. Hunt, L.J. Bajuk, M.C. Foote, J.B. Barner, B.B. Jones and R.P. Vasquez

SPIE Symposium on "Progress in High Temperature Superconducting Transistors and

Other Devices", San Jose, CA, September 12-13, 1991

"Josephson Devices Operating Above 80 K with Electrical Transport Along the a-Axis

Direction"

J.B. Barner, C.T. Rogers, A. Inam, R. Ramesh, B.J. Wilkens, S. Bersey, B.D. Hunt, M.C.

Foote, R.P. Vasquez, L.J. Bajuk and B.B. Jones

ISS'91, Tokyo, Japan, October 14-17, 1991

Presentations

"Thermal Fluctuations, Dimensional Crossover, and Grain Boundary Effects on the dc and

ac Vortex Dissipation in High Temperature Superconductors"

N.C. Yeh, D.S. Reed, W. Jiang, U. Kriplani, C.T. Jin, J. Carter, B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote,

R.P. Vasquez, L. Bajuk, F. Holtzberg and A. Gupta

March Meeting of the American Physical Society, March 19, 1991

"Edge Geometry YBaCuO Weak Links"

B.D. Hunt, L.J. Bajuk, M.C. Foote and R.P. Vasquez

March Meeting of the American Physical Society, March 21, 1991

"Coplanar Waveguide Microwave Filter of YBaCuO"

W. Chew, A. L. Riley, D.L. Rascoe, B.D. Hunt, M.C. Foote, T.W. Cooley and L.J. Bajuk

SPIE Symposium "Superconductivity Applications for Infrared and Microwave Devices II,

Orlando, FL, April 1-5, 1991

"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Chemically-Etched T1BaCaCuO Thin Film

Surfaces"

R.P. Vasquez and W.L. Olson

Materials Research Society Spring Meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

21
"A CoplanarWaveguideFilterUsingThinFilm HighTemperatureSuperconductor"

W. Chew,L.J.Bajuk,T.W.Cooley,M.C.Foote,B.D.Hunt,D.L. RascoeandA.L. Riley

1991IEEEMT]'-S InternationalMicrowaveSymposium,Boston,MA, June1991

"AII-YBaCuOEdge-GeometryWeakLinks"

B.D.Hunt,L.J.Bajuk,M.C.Foote,J.B.Barner,B.B. JonesandR.P.Vasquez

SuperconductiveElectronicsWorkshop,FallenLeafLake,CA, September22-26, 1991

"All-High-Tc Edge-GeometryWeakLinks UtilizingY-Ba-Cu-OBarrierLayers"

B.D.Hunt,M.C. Foote,J.B.Barner,R.P.Vasquez,L.J.Bajuk andB.B. Jones

DARPAHigh TemperatureSuperconductivityWorkshop,Seattle,WA, September30-

October 1, 1991

"X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Characterization of a Nonsuperconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O

SNS Barrier Material"

R. P. Vasquez, B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote and L. Bajuk

38th Annual Symposium of the American Vacuum Society, Seattle, WA, November 11-15,

1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"YBaCuO/Au/Nb Sandwich Geometry SNS Weak Links on c-Axis Oriented YBaCuO"

M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt and L.J. Bajuk

New Technology Report _O-i 8394, October 29, 1990 (filed)

.... 7-

''High Tc Superconductor Coplanar Waveguide Filter"

L.J. Bajuk, W. Chew, T.W. Cooley, M.C. Foote, B.D. Hunt, D.L. Rascoe and A.L. Riley

New Technology Report NPO- 18424 November 16, 1990 (filed)

"Epitaxial Heterojunctions of Oxide Semiconductors and Metals on High Temperature

Superconductors"

R.P. Vasquez, B.D. Hunt and M.C. Foote ..........

New Technology Report NPO- 18483, January 22, 1991 (patent pending)

"All-High-Tc Edge Geometry Weak Links Utilizing Y-Ba-Cu-O Barrier Layers"

B.D. Hunt

New Technology Report NPO-18552, April 11, 1991 (filed)

22
Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology

Publications

"THz Dichroic Plates for Use at High Angles of Incidence"

P.H. Siegel, R.J. Dengler and J.C. Chen

IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8-9, January 1991

"The Dielectric-Filled Parabola: A New Millimeter/Submillimeter Wavelength

Receiver/Transmitter Front End"

P.H. Siegel and R.J. Dengler

IEEE Trans. Ant. and Prop., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 40-47, January 1991

"Measured and Computed Performance of a Microstrip Filter Composed of SemiInsulating GaAs on a Fused Quartz Substrate"

P.H. Siegel, J. Oswald, R.J. Dengler, D.M. Sheen and S.M. Ali

IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 78-80, April 1991

"Improved Millimeter-Wave Mixer Performance Analysis at Cryogenic Temperatures"

P.H. Siegel, I. Mehdi and J. East

IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 129-131, June 1991

"Theoretical Performance of Novel Multipliers at Millimeter and Submillimeter

Wavelengths"

T.J. Tolmunen, M.A. Frerking

International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, pp. 1111-1133, October 1991

"Sliding Backshorts For Planar Circuits"

V.M. Lubecke, W.R. McGrath and D.B. Rutledge

Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, vol. 12, no. 12, December 1991 (in press)

"Performance of NbN Superconductive Tunnel Junctions as SIS Mixers at 205 GHz"

W.R. McGrath, J.A. Stem, H.H.S. Javadi, S.R. Cypher, B.D. Hunt and H.G. LeDuc

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 27, p. 2650, 1991

"Submicron Area NbN/MgO/NbN Tunnel Junctions for SIS Mixer Applications"

H.G. LeDuc, A. Judas, S.R. Cypher, B. Bumble, B.D. Hunt, J.A. Stern

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 27, p. 3192, 1991

"Characterization of NbN Films and Tunnel Junctions"

J.A. Stern and H.G. LeDuc

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 27, 3196, 1991

"Current Saturation in Submillimeter Wave Varactors"

E. Kollberg, T. Tolmunen, M. Frerking, J. East

IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques (accepted)

"Modeling of Planar Varactor Frequency Multiplier Devices with Blocking Barriers"

U. Lieneweg, T.J. Tolmunen, M.A. Frerking and J. Maserjian

IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques (accepted)

23
"Measurementson a215GHzSubharmonicallyPumpedWaveguideMixer UsingPlanar

BacktoBackAir BridgeSchottkyDiodes"

P.H.Siegel,R.J.Dengler,I. Mehdi,J.E.Oswald,W.L. Bishop,T.W. CroweandR.J.

Mattauch

IEEETrans.MicrowaveTheoryandTechniques,December1991(filed)

Invited Presentations

"EOS-MicrowaveLimb Sounder:A View from theFront"

P.H.Siegel

SecondInternationalConferenceonSpaceTerahertzTechnology,March1991

Presentations

"Theoretical Efficiency of Multiplier Devices"

T. Tolmunen and M. Frerking

Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Space Terahenz Technology,

Pasadena, CA, February 26-28, 1991

: . : : _ :

Design of Planar Varactor Frequency Multlpher Devices w_th Blocking Bamers

U. Lieneweg, T. Tolmunen, M. Frerking and J. Maserjian

Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology,

Pasadena, CA, February 26-28, 1991

"Current Saturation in Submillimeter Wave Varactors"

E. Kollberg, T. Tolmunen, M. Frerking and J. East

Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology,

Pasadena, CA, February 26-28, 1991

"Modeling of Planar Varactor Frequency Mui_piier _vices with Blocking Barriers"

U. Lieneweg, T.J. Tolmunen, M.A. Frerking and J. Maserjian

Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology,

Pasadena, CA, February 26-28, 1991

"Sliding Backshorts For Planar Circuits"

V.M. Lubecke, W.R. McGrath and D.B. Rutledge

Second Int'l. Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Pasadena, CA, February 26-28,

199!

"Low Noise 205 GHz SIS Mixers Using High Current Density Nb and NbN Tunnel

Junctions"

W.R. McGrath, H.H.S. Javadi, S.R. Cypher, B. Bumble, B.D. Hunt and H.G. LeDuc

Second Int'l. Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Pasadena, CA, February 26-28,

1991

"Improved Millimeter Wave Mixer Performance Analysis Using a Drift Diffusion

Capacitance Model"

I. Mehdi and P.H. Siegel

1991 IEEE International Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 887-890, June 1991

24
"An AdjustableRFTuningElementfor Microwave,MillimeterWaveandSubmillimeter

Wave"

V.M. Lubecke,W.R. McGrathandD.B.Rutledge

Technology2001Conference,SanJose,CA, December3-5, 1991

"A NovelNoncontactingWaveguideBackshortfor Millimeter andSubmillimeterWave

Frequencies"

W.R. McGrath

Technology2001Conference,SanJose,CA, December3-5, 1991

"A PlanarQuasi-OpticalSISReceiverSuitablefor ArrayApplications"

P.A. Stimson,R.J.Dengler,P.H.SiegelandH.G.LeDuc

ThirdInternationalConferenceonSpaceTerahertzTechnology,December1991

(submitted)

"A PlanarQuasi-OpticalSISReceiverSuitablefor ArrayApplications"

P.A.Stimson,R.J.Dengler,P.H.SiegelandH.G.LeDuc

1991IEEEInternationalMicrowaveSymposium,December1991(submitted)

"DesignandMeasurementsof a210GHzSubharmonicallyPumpedGaAsMMIC Mixer"

P.H.Siegel,S.Weinreb,S.Duncan,W. Berk,A. EskandarianandD.W. Tu

1991IEEEInternationalMicrowaveSymposium,December1991(submitted)

"A 200GHzPlanarDiodeSubharmonicallyPumpedWaveguideMixerwith State-of-theArt Performance"

P.H.Siegel,R.J.Dengler,I. Mehdi,W. BishopandT. Crowe

1991IEEEInternationalMicrowaveSymposium,December1991(submitted)

Patent and New Technology Reports

"optically Switched Submillimeter-Wave Oscillator"

J. Maserjian and M.G. Spencer (Distinguished Visiting Scientist from Howard University)

New Technology Report, NPO-18547, April 3, 1991 (filed)

"Design of Planar Varactor Frequency Multiplier Devices with Blocking Barriers"

U. Lieneweg, T.J. Tolmunen, M.A. Frerking and J. Maserjian

New Technology Report, NPO-18428, November 21, 1990 (filed)

"Adjustable RF Tuning Elements for Microwave, Millimeter Wave and Submillimeter Wave

Integrated Circuits"

W.R. McGrath and V.M. Lubecke

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18359, September 7, 1990 (patent pending)

"Making High Pass Filters for Submillimeter Waves"

P.H. Siegel and R.J. Dengler

NASA Tech, Brief NPO-17992, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 83-84, August 1991

"Rugged Noncontact Backshorts for Waveguide"

W.R. McGrath

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18091, vol. 16, no. 5, p. 26, May 1992 (patent pending)

25
Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization

Publications

"Selective Growth in the CoSi2/Si System by Molecular Beam Eptiaxy"

T. George and R.W. Fathauer

Proceedings of MRS Conference, Spring 1991

"Electron Microdiffraction Investigation of Strain-Symmetrised Si/Si0.5Ge0.5 Structures"

W.T. Pike, R.A.A. Kubiak, E.H.C. Parker and T.E. Whall

Proceedings of MRS Conference, Spring 1991

"Optical Properties and Internal Photoemission in Epitaxial Composites of CoSi 2 Particles

in Silicon"

J.R. Jimenez, L.J. Schowalter and R.W. Fathauer

Proceedings of MRS Conference, Spring 199 I

"Absorption and Photoluminescence of Ultrathin Pseudomorphic InAS/GaAs Quantum

Wells"

A. Ksenzov, F.G. Grunthaner, J.K. Liu, D.H. Rich, R.W. Terhune and B.A. Wilson

Physical Review B, vol. 43, 14574, 1991

"Controllable Surface-Plasmon Resonance in Engineered Nanometer Epitaxial Silicide

Particles Embedded in Silicon"

R.W. Fathauer, A. Ksendzov, J.M. Iannelli and T. George

Physical Review B, vol. 44, pp. 1345-1348, July 15, 1991

"Optical Absorption by Free Holes in Heavily Doped _GaAs"

M.L. Huberman, A. Ksendzov, A. Larsson, R.W. Terhune and J. Maserjian

Physical Review B, vol. 44, 1128, 1991

"Polarized Cathodoluminescence Study of Uniaxial and Biaxial Stress in GaAs/Si"

D. Rich, A. Ksendzov, R.W. Terhune and B.A. Wilson

Physical Review B, vol. 43, 6836, 1991

"Subsurface Growth of CoSi 2 by Deposition of Co on Si-Capped CoSi Seed Regions"

R.W. Fathauer, T. George and W.T. Pike

MRS Conference Proceedings, 1991 (accepted)

Invited Presentations

"Silicon Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

R. Fathauer, Chair

1991 Spring Materials Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29.May 3, 1991

"Fabrication and Properties of Columnar Metal Silicide Structures Embedded in Silicon"

R. Fathauer " ...... :: =

Gordon Conference On Crystal Growth, Plymouth, NH, July 15-19, 1991

26
"Diffusion-ControlledGrowthof SubsurfaceCoSiEmbeddedin Si UsinganMBE

Technique"

T. George

GordonConferenceonCrystalGrowth,Plymouth,NH, July 15-19,1991

Presentations

"Polarized Cathodoluminescence Study of Uniaxial and Biaxial Stress in GaAs/Si"

D.H. Rich, A. Ksendzov, R.W. Terhune, F.J. Grunthaner and B.A. Wilson

APS Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, March 18-22, 1991

"Absorption and Photoluminescence of InAs/GaAs Quantum Wells"

A. Ksendzov, F.J. Grunthaner, D.H. Rich, R.W. Terhune and B.A. Wilson

APS Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, March 18-22, 1991

"Optical and Structural Characterization of InAs/GaAs Quantum Wells"

A. Ksenzov, T. George, F.G. Grunthaner, J.K. Liu, D.H. Rich, R.W. Terhune, B.A. Wilson

1991 Spring Materials Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

"Critical Thickness Anisotropy in Highly Carbon Doped p-ype (100) GaAs Layers Grown

by Metalorganic Molecular Meam Epitaxy"

T. George (with UC Berkeley)

1991 Spring Materials Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

"Electron Microdiffraction Investigation of Strain-symmetrised Si/Si0.5Ge0.5 Structures"

W.T. Pike (with Cambridge University, U.K.)

1991 Spring Materials Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

"Fabrication and Properties of Epitaxial Silicide/Silicon Structures with Nanometer Control

in Three Dimensions"

R. Fathauer

1991 Spring Materials Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

"Selective Growth in the CoSi2/Si System by Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

T. George

1991 Spring Materials Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

"Characterization of P/N Semiconductor Structures"

J. Singletary

Technet 91 Conference, Denver, CO, October 1991

"Fabrication of Light-Emitting Silicon with Stain Etches and Evidence that Luminescence

Originates in Amorphous Layers"

R.W. Fathauer, T. George, A. Ksendzov, T.L. Lin, W.T. Pike and R.P. Vasquez

Late News Session, Fall Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA, November 1,

1991

27
Patent and New Technology Reports

"Growing Cobalt Silicide Columns in Silicon"

R.W. Fathauer

NASA Tech. Brief No. NPO-17835, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 121, June 1991

"Subsurface Crystalline Growth of Thin Films and Structures in Crystalline Substrates"

R. W. Fathauer, T. George and W.T. Pike

New Technology Report NPO-18624, October 1991 (filed)

"Molecular Beam Epitaxy of IrSi3"

T.L. Lin

NASA Tech. Brief No. NPO-17953, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 60, February 1991

"Method and Apparatus for Measuring P/N Semiconductor Structures"

J. Singletery

Patent Application submitted by Comell University

"Pinhole-free Growth of Epitaxial CoSi2 Film on Si(111)"

T.L. Lin, R. Fathauer and S. Nieh

U.S. Patent No. 5,010,037, April 23, 1991

"Preparation of Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor Films by MOCVD"

A. Nouhi and R.J. Stirn

U.S. Patent No. 4,935,383, June 19, 1990

28
Electronic Device Technology

Publications

"Observation of a Correlation Between Twin Orientation and Substrate Step Direction in

Thin GaAs Films Grown on Intentionally Misoriented Si (100)"

K.C. Rajkumar, A. Madhukar, J.K. Liu and F, J. Grunthaner

Appl. Phys. L, vol. 56, 1160 (1990)

"Some Optical and Electron-Microscope Comparative-Studies of Excimer Laser-Assisted

and Nonassisted Molecular-Beam Epitaxially Grown Thin GaAs Films on Si"

P. Lao, W.C. Tang, K.C. Rajkumar, K.C. Guha, A. Madhukar, J.K. Liu and F. J.

Grunthaner

J. Appl. Phys., vol. 67, 6445 (1990)

"Correlations between the Interfacial Chemistry and Current-Voltage Behavior of nGaAs/Liquid Junctions"

B.J. Tufts, L.G. Casagrande, N.S. Lewis and F.J. Grunthaner

Appl. Phys. L., vol. 57, 1242 (1990)

"Analytic Solution for the Current-Voltage Characteristic of Two Mesoscopic Tunnel

Junctions Coupled in Series"

M. Amman, R. Wilkins, E. Ben-Jacob, P.D. Maker and R.C. Jaklevic

Phys. Rev B, vol. 43, 1146, January 1, 1991

"CCD Image Sensor with Differential, Pyramidal Output for Lossless Image Compression"

S.E. Kemeny, H. Torbey, H. Meadows, E.R. Fossum, R. Bredthauer and M. LaShell

Proc. 1991 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conf., San Diego, CA, May 1991

"III-V Charge-coupled Devices"

E.R. Fossum

Proc. of 1991 IEEE Workshop on Charge Coupled Devices, Waterloo, Ontario, June 1991

"Report of the Sensor Readout Electronics Panel"

E.R. Fossum

Workshop Proceedings, pp. 58-67, Sensor Systems for Space Astrophysics in the 21 st

Century, Pasadena, CA January 23-25, 1992, JPL Pub. 91-24, vol. 2, August 1991

"On-chip Focal-plane Image Processing"

E.R. Fossum

Proc. of 1991 Symposium on Advanced Image-Acquisition Technology (SAIT91), pp. 48-

56, T. Ando, ed., Tokyo, Japan, November 1991

"A Grid Amplifier"

M. Kim, J.J. Rosenberg, R.P. Smith, R.M. Weikle, II, J.B. Hacker, M.P. DeLisio and

D.B. Rutledge

Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 1, no. 322, November, 1991

29
"Ku-BandHigh Efficiency,High GainPseudomorphicHEMT"

P.M.Smith,W.F. Kopp, P. Ho, P.C. Chao, R.P. Smith, K. Nordheden and J.M. Ballingall

Electronics Letters, January 1991 (accepted)

"Wire Transfer of Charge Packets Using a CCD-BBD Structure for Charge-Domain Signal

Processing"

E.R. Fossum, S. E. Kemeny, R.A. Bredthauer and M.A. LaShell

IEEE Solid-State Circuits, vol. 26(4), pp. 930-932 (1991)

"Digitally Programmable Gain Control Circuit for Charge-domain Signal Processing"

E.R. Fossum, S.E. Kemeny, R.A. Bredthauer and M.A. LaShell

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 26(4), pp. 683-686 (1991)

"A Resistive-Gate A1GaAs/GaAs 2DEG CCD with High Transfer Efficiency at 1 GHz"

J.-I. Song, D.V. Rossi, S-H xinl W.I. Wang and E.R. FOgstlm::

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, v0i. ED-38, pp. 930-932 (1991)

"Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Charge-Coupled Devices (2DEG-CCDs)"

E.R. Fossum, J.-I. Song and D.V. Rossi

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-38(5), pp. 1182-1192 (1991)

"A Resistive-Gate In0.53 Ga0.47As/InP Heterostructure CCD"

D.V. Rossi, J.-I. Song, E.R. Fossum, P.D. Kirchner, G.D. Pettit and J.M. Woodall

IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. EDL-12(12), pp. 688-690 (1991)

"update on Focal-Plane Image Processing Research"

S.E. Kemeny, E-S. Eid, S. Mendis and E.R. Fossum

CCDs and Optical Sensors II, Proc. SPIE, vol. 1447, p. 24 (1991)

"Two Dimensional Electron Gas Charge-coupled Devices" (extended abstract)

E.R. Fossum, J.-I. Song and D.V. Rossi

Proc. SPIE, vol. 1447, p. 23 (1991)

"Future Directions in Focal-Plane Signal Processing for Space-borne Scientific Imagers"

E.R. Fossum

Proc. SPIE, vol. 1541, pp. 62-67 (1991)

: i

"Analog Dynamic Random Access Memory (ADRAM) Unit Cell Implemented in Charge

Domain"

B. Pain and E.R. Fossum

IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, vol. 38(1), pp. 178-179 (1991)

"Polarized-Cathodoluminescence Study of Uniaxial and Biaxial Stress in GaAs/Si"

D.H. Rich, A. Ksendov, R.W. Terhune, F.J. Grunthaner and B.A. Wilson

Phys. Rev. B 43, 6836 (1991)

"Absorption and Photoluminescence of Ultrathin Pseudomorphic InAs/GaAs QuantumWells" _ _-_ :

A. Ksendov, F. J. Grunthaner, J.K. Liu, D.H. Rich and R.W. Terhune

Phys. Rev. B 43, 4574 (1991)

30
Invited Presentations

"Synthesis of Novel Electronic Materials Through Dynamic Surface and Interface

Chemistry ( Molecular Beam Epitaxy )"

F.J. Grunthaner

Physics and Materials Science Colloquium, University of Southern California, Los

Angeles, CA, February 15,1991

"III-V CCDs"

E.R. Fossum

University of California at Davis, May 1991

"III-V CCDs"

E.R. Fossum

TRIUMF, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, June 1991

"III-V Charge-Coupled Devices"

E.R. Fossum

Proc. of 1991 IEEE Device Research Symposium Workshop on Charge-Coupled Devices

Waterloo, Ontario, June 1991

"Atomic-Scale Chemical Characterization, Control and Synthesis of Semiconductor

Surfaces and Interfaces"

F.J. Grunthaner

International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (S SDM-91), Yokohama,

Japan, August 28,1991

"Solid-State Image Sensors" (5 lectures)

E.R. Fossum

Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Oslo, Norway, September 1991

"On-chip Focal-plane Image Processing"

E.R. Fossum

1991 Symposium on Advanced Image-Acquisition Technology (SAIT91) Tokyo, Japan,

November 1991

"III-V CCDs"

E.R. Fossum

IEEE Device Research Symposium, Charlottesville, VA, December 1991

Presentations

"Synthesis and Characterization of Highly-strained Pseudomorphic GaAsfInAs/GaAs

Quantum Wells and InAs/GaAs Interfaces"

F.J. Grunthaner, K. Delgadillo, A. Ksendov, D. Rich, T. George and J.K. Liu

PCSI-18, Long Beach, CA, January 1991

"Update on Focal-plane Image Processing Research"

S.E. Kemeny, E-S. Eid, S. Mendis and E.R. Fossum

SPIE Conference on CCDs and Optical Sensors II, San Jose, CA, February 1991

31
"Two DimensionalElectronGasCharge-coupledDevices"

E.R.Fossum,J.-I.SongandD.V. Rossi

SanJose,CA, February1991(extendedabstract)

"Polarized-Cathodoluminescence Studyof UniaxialandBiaxial Stressin GaAs/Si"

D.H. Rich,A. Ksendov,R.W.Terhune,F.J.GrunthanerandB.A. Wilson

APSMarchMeeting,Cincinnati,OH,March1991 , = : .:

"AbsorptionandPhotoluminescenceof UltrathinPseudomorphicInAs/GaAs

Quantum-Wells"

A. Ksendov,F.J.Grunthaner,J.K.Liu, D.H. RichandR.W.Terhune

APSMarchMeeting,Cincinnati,OH,March1991

"CCD ImageSensorwith Differential,PyramidalOutputfor LosslessImageCompression"

S.E.Kemeny,H. Torbey,H. Meadows,E.R.Fossum,R.BredthauerandM. LaShell

1991IEEECustomIntegratedCircuitsConference,SanDiego,CA, May 1991

"FutureDirectionsin Focal-PlaneSignalProcessingfor Space-borneScientificimagers"

E.R.Fos_sum

SPIEConferenceonFocal-PlaneSignalProcess{ng,SanDiego,CA, Juiy1991

"HoughTransformComputerGeneratedHolograms:New OutputFormat"

N. Carender,D. Casasent,F.Coetzee,D.Yu andP.Maker

SPIE,July 199i

"Ku-bandPowerAmplifier UsingPseudomorphicHEMT Devicesfor

ImprovedEfficiency"

D. Helms,J.J.Komiak, W.F. Kopp, P. Ho, P.M. Smith, R.P. Smith and D. Hogue

1991 MTr-s International Microwave Symposium

z

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Time Delay and integration Architecture for Correction of Off-axis Error"

E.R. Fossum and R.W. Capps

New Technology Report NPO- 18466 (1991)

"Analog Optical Link for Focal-Plane Readout"

E.R. Fossum, A.G2 Larsson and J. Maserjian

New Technology Report NPO- 18481 (1991 )

"Monolithic Image Sensor with Photon-Counting Pixels"

E.R. Fossum

New Technology Report NPO-18518 (1991)

"Doping to Reduce Base Resistance of Bipolar TransiStors"

T.L. Lin

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17948, May 1991

32

: E
Cultured Neuron Probe

Presentations

"Cultured Neuron Probes"

J. Pine, H.K. Rockstad and G. Buzaki

National Institutes of Health Workshop, Bethesda, MD, October 1991

33
Diamond Film Technology

Publications

"Diamond Film Deposition Using Microwave Plasmas Under Low Pressures"

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Pool and D.H. Rich

Applications of Diamond Films and Related Materials, Editors: Y. Tzeng, M. Yoshikawa, M.

Murakawa, A. Feldman, Materials Science Monographs, 73, p.497, Elsevier Science

Publishers, 1991

"Low-Pressure Microwave Plasma Deposition and Nucleation of Diamond Films

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Fool and D.H. Rich

Journal of Thin Solid Films (accepted)

"Dependence of the Cathodoluminescence of Diamond Films on Deposition Temperature"

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Pool and D,H. Rich

Journal of Applied Physics (accepted)

Presentations

"Low-Pressure Microwave Plasma Deposition of Diamond and Related Films"

Y.H. Shing

Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA, May 14, 1991

"Diamond and Diamond-Like Films Deposited by Low-Pressure Microwave Plasmas for

EOIM-3 Experiments"

Y.H. Shing

SDIO Workshop for Sample Providers to EOIM-3 Flight Experiments, Pasadena, CA, May

30, 1991

"Diamond Film Deposition Using Microwave Plasmas Under Low Pressures"

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Pool and D.H. Rich

Applied Diamond Conference, Aubum, AL, August 22, 1991

"Diamond Film Technology"

Y.H. Shing

SDIO/IST Annual Program Review, November 22, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Interlayer Applications for Diamond Film Nucleation, Adhesion and Heteroepitaxial

Growth"

Y.H. Shing

New Technology Report, NPO-18502, February 18, 1991 (filed)

"Diamond and Diamond-Like Composite Films for Tfibological and Protective Coatings"

Y.H. Shing

New Technology Report, NPO- 18501, Febru ary 1991 (filed)

34
"Depositionof Diamond-LikeFilmsbyECRMicrowavePlasma"

F.S.Pool andY.H. Shing

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18094,vol. 15,no. 10,p. 42, October1991

"Depositionof Diamond-LikeFilmsbyECRMicrowavePlasma"

Y.H. Shingand F.S.Pool

PatentApplication,March29, 1991(filed)

35

II. Photonics

3_ PRE_EDIt, tG PPlGE BLANK NOT FILMED

Overview

This section concentrates on optoelectronic materials and devices. Optical processing is

included in the section on Advanced Computing. Optoelectronic devices that generate,

detect, modulate, or switch electromagnetic radiation are being developed for a variety of

space applications. The program includes spatial light modulators, solid state lasers,

optoelectronic integrated circuits, nonlinear optical materials and devices, fiber optics, and

optical networking photovoltaic technology and optical processing.

1991 Major Technical Achievements

Spatial Light Modulators

• Achieved record high contrast ratios (> 60:1) in low-power (<100 mW/cm 2)

optically-addressed spatial light modulator (O-SLM) consisting of periodically _5-

doped InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structures. This is the first

demonstration of a high contrast ratio semiconductor-based O-SLM appropriate for

monolithic integration with other semiconductor devices.

Demonstrated pixelation of these O-SLM structures into arrays for applications

such as image processing. Imaging cathodoluminescence measurements reveal that

pixilation (50 Bm x 50 I.tm) does not significantly degrade the effective carder

lifetime, and thus should not affect the performance. This is an important step in

assessing the feasibility of fabricating high-performance O-SLM arrays. While

further improvements in performance are still anticipated, these device parameters are

now within the range required for a variety of practical applications.

Lasers

Designed and fabricated single-mode lasers operating at 730-745 nm. These

lasers are in a ridge-waveguide configuration and consist of a single-quantum-well

GRIN structure with A1GaAs active regions, as required to push the emission to

shorter wavelengths than for commercially available GaAs lasers. Facet coating, heat

sinking and bonding processes have been developed for these lasers to permit

fabrication and delivery of operational lasers for system integration and testing. CW

output powers in excess of 20 mW have been demonstrated.

Delivered 735 nm diode lasers to LaRC and GSFC for prototype testing in lidar

instruments being developed for atmospheric wind sounding. These lasers, which

are not available commercially, were developed under NASA Code R funding. The

threshold currents and output power of the delivered lasers were well beyond the

required specification. Further work will be required to achieve the desired longterm stability and reliability.

Demonstrated monolithic dual-wavelength grating surface-emitting arrays at

9050 and 9250A. Such sources will be used in wavelength-division multiplexed

local-area networks.

-_----_:_-=_'1_" _N_i_| _ 39 PRENIEO_G P/IlGE BLANK HOT FILMED
Demonstrated first diode lasers with mixed first and second order, and

nonresonant gratings. A comparison of the 1/2 mixed grating lasers with 2/2

conventional lasers on the same chip revealed improvements in the threshold

current, external quantum efficiency and a complete elimination of diffraction

ripples in vertical far field (this is because there is only one emitting region, rather

than two).

Demonstrated semiconductor laser operating at 1.111 I.tm with a threshold current

of-600 A/cm 2. These lasers and those at nearby wavelengths are being used for

spectroscopic measurements and optical addressing schemes.

Demonstrated for the first time a new semiconductor laser structure capable of

providing near infrared emission. The new approach involves the growth of

pseudomorphically strained In(Ga)As multi-quantum-well active layers, InGaAs(P)

barrier and index-guiding layers on InP substrates. The first broad-area lasers in

this materials system have been fabricated in the Microdevices Laboratory, and

exhibit pulsed operation at -1.8 I.tm, with threshold currents -3kA/cm 2.

Modification of the structure can theoretically yield lasers covering the wavelength

range of 1.6-2.3 btm. Semiconductor lasers emitting in this range are desired for

spectroscopic applications, and can be used directly, or as injection-locking sources

for solid-state lasers. For example, emission at 2.1 t.tm is desired for injection

locking in the LAWS instrument.

Fabricated high-power ridge-waveguide 940 nm lasers with threshold currents of

less than 10 mA, and external quantum efficiencies of more than 60%. The lasers

consist of MBE-grown single-quantum-well GRIN structures with

pseudomorphically strained InGaAs active regions, and emit more than 80 mW of

power at current levels of-100 mA. The lasers operate in single spatial mode with

many longitudinal modes. The multi-longitudinal mode operation is mainly due to

the properties of the strained-quantum-well InGaAs active region used in the

structure to achieve the desired wavelength of 940 nm. Several devices have been

delivered to Section 322 for evaluation as sources for water vapor spectroscopy.

The successful fabrication of second and third order gratings on these laser

structures using MDL's electron-beam lithography facility has also been

demonstrated. The latter is a required step towards the achievement of highspectral-purity, tunable lasers at this wavelength desired for NASA applications.

Developed growth process for >1 I.tm strained-layer lasers, and demonstrated

lasing at 1.088 I.tm with a threshold of-2 kA/cm% These lasers are being

developed for a new He magnetometer instrument. Further refinement of the

growth parameters are underway to lower the threshold.

Prepared a wafer of low-threshold (<50 mA) ridge waveguide A1GaAs/

InGaAs/GaAs lasers, which, in collaboration with Cornell University, were

fabricated into laterally-coupled distributed feedback lasers. This is a new approach

to achieve efficient tunable lasers, which avoids the difficult step of regrowth over a

grating structure.

Demonstrated integrable laser structures incorporating 45* mirrors implemented

in GaAs and InGaAs quantum-well lasers. These lasers were developed as part of

an integrated optoelectronic neural network.

4O
Optoelectronic Materials and Characterization

• Developed a multilayer resist/metal/resist process for the lithography of an

integrated spectrometer structure. Etching a sample SiO2 wafer containing the

grating pattern reproduced the 0.25 Itm pattern with no discernible ripple.

Demonstrated planar LPE regrowth of A1GaAs over wet-etched, e-beam-defined

gratings in n + GaAs. This is a key step towards realizing tunable GaAs-based

monolithically integrated lasers.

Demonstrated strong photo-optic effects in a periodically delta-doped

InGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum well (MQW) structure through optically induced

Stark shifts of the QW excitonic resonances. The effect has been implemented in a

novel high-contrast-ratio, optically addressed QW spatial light modulator.

Demonstrated through TEM analysis that higher quality SiGe/Si heteroepitaxial

layers are obtained at growth temperatures below those originally thought to be

optimal. Materials grown below 400 °C exhibit significantly lower densities of

defects than those grown in the 450-550 °C temperature range more typically

employed. Also demonstrated the advantages of using elemental B evaporated from

a high temperature Knudsen cell as a dopant source. The utilization of these results

has led to significant improvements in the performance of SiGe HIP detectors

through a reduction of the thermally induced dark current. The elimination of

dislocation-induced conduction paths has resulted in dark currents close to

theoretical limits.

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

° Demonstrated new OEICs consisting of DHPT, biasing MESFET, driving

MESFET, and LED: The quantum efficiencies of the LED and the phototransistor

were 0.01 W/A and 1.0 A/W, respectively. The transconductance (gm) of the

MESFETs was ~20 mS/mm for a 9-itm-gate length and a 100-itm-gate width. This

can be further improved by reducing the gate length of the MESFET. The current

level through the LED is ~1.2 mA at a supply voltage of 2.0 V; thus the electrical

power consumption of each circuit is ~2.4 mW. With a thin AIAs etch stop layer,

the pinch-off voltage of the MESFETs could be controlled over a large area, and the

leakage currents held below 100 nA @ 2 V.

Achieved successful implementation of 4 x 4 array of optical neurons based on this

OEIC technology. Each optical neuron exhibits a response time of 5 Its, a switching

input light power of 2 ItW, and thus an optical switching energy of 10 pJ per

neuron.

Achieved high-performance optical neurons utilizing an optical FET (OPFET) as a

light detector. The responsivity of the first-generation OPFET was measured to be

0.3 A/W. Completed optical neurons exhibited a differential switching input light

power of 54 nW and a differential LED output power of 4.3 laW, which yielded an

optical gain of 80. The electrical power dissipation was 1.8 mW, the response time

of each neuron was 700 Its, and the differential optical switching energy was 38 pJ

per neuron, sufficiently low for a realistic implementation in a 32 x 32 array.

41
Achieveda high-responsivityOPFET(160A/W) in anintegrableformat. The

dimensionsof thenewOPFET(withoutgate)were 18[am (source-to-drain

spacing) and 30 [am (width).

Infrared Detectors

Achieved extension of the LWlR photoresponse to 25 lain in Si-based HIP

detectors. Quantum efficiencies and detectivities at 15 lain of 2% and 3 x 109 cm

Hzl/2W -1, respectively, at 25 K have been observed.

Demonstrated: the advantages of using elementai B evaporated from a high

temperature Knudsen cell as a dopant source in the fabrication of SiGe/Si HIP

detectors. TEM analyses further indicated that growth at reduced substrate

temperatures results in fewer defects. The device dark current has been reduced

significantly through these procedures. Further increases in the operating

temperature for background-limited performance are expected for optimized

detectors.

Incorporated an optical cavity structure into 128x128 HIP detector arrays

consisting of a thick amorphous silicon insulating layer, and an aluminum reflector

layer. The optical cavity improved the quantum efficiency of the detectors by a

factor of -4. The best performance obtained to date are quantum efficiencies of 4%

at 8 lam and 1% at 12 [am at 40 K. Further improvement is anticipated through

optimization of the pixeI structure and the incorporation of antireflection coatings.

Delivered an HIP detector array to Rockwell as part of a collaboration to integrate

JPL-fabricated arrays in a hybrid configuration with bump-bonded readout

electronics. Mask design specifications were provided by Rockwell for designing a

detector array matched to their readout format. A 128 x 128 array was fabricated at

JPL and bump bonded to readout circuitry by Rockwell. Test devices on the same

wafer were characterized, showing 18 lam cutoff and QE's of 2% in the 8-12 gm

range. Measurements of the leakage current indicate that the performance of these

arrays will be background limited (BLIP) for 300 K backgrounds (as in EOS

applications) for temperatures <40 K. However, the predicted performance could

not be fully tested in this first attempt, as the MUX electronics suffered from cartier

freeze out at somewhat higher temperatures. The second attempt will involve a

detector array with a shorter wavelength cutoff designed for higher temperature

operation.

Lincoln Laboratory has picked up the JPL-pioneered HIP detector technology, and

has succeeded in fabricafingari array monolithicaIly integrated with CCD

readout electronics. Although they have not yet been able to reproduce the detector

performance obtained at JPL, this is a very promising step forward in implementing

this new LWIR technology for space applications.

Achieved a factor of 50 improvement in the performance of GaAs/A1GaAs HIP

detectors through new growth techniques aimed at reducing the dopant diffusion

which had previously precluded LWIR operation. Optical cavities were also

incorporated into the device structure.

42
Approachedby numerousindustriesandlaboratoriesconcerningpossible

technologytransferand/orcollaborationsin thedevelopmentof large-formatHIP

arrays.In addition to the ongoing collaboration with Rockwell, JPL has been

contacted by Hughes, LORAL, Kodak, and David Sarnoff Laboratories. Some of

this interest was stimulated by a presentation at the Meeting of the IRIS Specialty

Group on Infrared Detectors, which was thought by many to be the best paper at the

meeting.

Fabricated Si homojunction detectors using MBE growth of Sb-doped barrier

layers and B-doped emitter layers. Zero-bias cutoff wavelengths of > 12 I.tm,

N12 _t,rn and 5.5#m were measured for detectors with barrier thicknesses of 1 k_,

1.5 kA, and 2 kA, respectively. The photoresponse of these detectors is both

statically tailorable and dynamically tunable by varying the n barrier layer thickness

and applied bias, respectively. QE's of N5% at wavelengths ranging from 8-12 I.tm

have been obtained with -3 V bias at 15 K.

Demonstrated a new detector structure, the CHIP (Camel-barrier HIP) detector, by

incorporating a Sb delta-doped layer between the p+ SiGe layer and p-Si substrate.

In addition to the static spectral tailorability of the HIP detector, the CHIP detector

offers an additional electrically tunable spectral response. The electrical spectral

tunability offers important IR imaging system advantages such as real time target

discrimination.

Fabricated a novel JPL-invented infrared detector, the Layered Internal

Photoemission Sensor (LIPS). At 77 K, the dark current in these devices with guard

rings was below the detection limit at a reverse bias of 1 V. The LIPS device

incorporates electrically floating epitaxial silicide particles embedded in singlecrystal silicon, and responds in the 1-2 lam regime. Detectivities of these devices

have been measured at 77 K, and are found to be as high as 8x109 cm',]Hz/W.

Demonstrated both low dark current and high responsivity at 100 l.tm in a small

germanium blocked impurity band (GeBIB) detector array.

Nonlinear Optical Materials

• Measured large electro-optic rl 1 coefficient of dimethylamino stilbazolium tosylate

(DAST) single crystal to be 410 pm/V at 820 rim, giving power figure of merit:

n3rl 1/e = 800 pm/V vs. 11 for LiNbO3.

Measured large second harmonic generation dl 1 coefficient of DAST single crystal

to be 620 pm/V at 1907 nm.

Demonstrated 17% electro-optic anaplitude modulation up to 100 kHz for an

unoptimized DAST-based Pockels cell.

Demonstrated strategy based on heavy atom effect and triplet-triplet absorption for

enhancing nonlinear absorption in phthalocyanine dyes leading to threefold

reduction in threshold of optical limiting device.

43
Demonstratedphthalocyaninedye-basedopticallimiter devicecapableof

protectingasilicondetectorfrom 8-nanoseconddurationlaserpulsesof energyover

300timesthenormaldamagethreshold.

Demonstratedstrategyfor enhancedopticallimiting materialsbydistributingdyes

with highnonlinearabsorptionin hostmediawith largenonlinearrefractionleading

to improvedclampedthroughputcharacteristicsapproachingDoD requirementsfor

eyeprotection.

Fiber Optics

Demonstrated ultra-fast (860-fs) pulse source (erbium fiber mode-locked fiber

ring) at 1.55 gm for driving optical protocols fiber network to 100 Gbit/s capacity.

Analyzed LDEF space shuttle experiment results, which indicated that

commercially jacketed fiber optics can survive five ye,'u-s in space if properly

designed. Prolonged space exposure and thermal cycling was observed to cause

tolerable stiffening of cable sheath, movement of fiber strains within the jacket, and

variation of the fiber transmission efficiency with temperature.

Developed multiple HIPPI supercomputer interface concept for 50 Gbit/s hot

potato network.

Photovoltaic Technology

• Fabricated diagnostic p-i-n solar cells incorporating ECR-deposited a-Si:H and aSiC:H films, These diagnostic devices are being used to evaluate material

properties for photovoltaic applications.

Developed highly conductive p-type microcrystalline SiC:H films with a

conductivity of 0.2 (-cm) q for window layer applications in p-i-n solar cells. The

high conductivity of the window layer can increase the open circuit voltage of p-i-n

solar cells.

Demonstrated the magnetic field profile control on the ion density and energy in

the ECR deposition process for achieving optimized material properties. EeRdeposited a-Si:H films have shown an optin-fized defect density of 1-2 x 1016

(cm -3) with the mirror magnetic field in the range of 300 to 800 Gauss.

Invented a new a-Si(Xe,H) material, deposited by ECR plasmas using Sill 4, Xe

and H 2 gases, in which hydrogen bonded to silicon is lower than the detection limit

of the infrared spectroscopy. Photodegradation studies of a-Si(Xe,H) films have

shown improved stability for photovoltaic applications.

44
Space Environmental Effects on Materials

• Identified the mechanism for the synergistic effect between VUV radiation and

atomic oxygen in the degradation of space qualified materials.

Determined the microscopic mechanism of the VUV degradation pathway in

fluorinated polymers, including primary photoproducts and the efficiencies of these

processes.

Demonstrated the validity of ground based exposure methodology by direct

comparison to space exposed samples recovered from LDEF.

45
Spatial Light Modulators

Publications

"Strong Photo-optic Effects in Periodically 8-Doped InGaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum Well

Structures"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

OSA Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, Salt Lake City, UT, March 4-6, 1991

"Optically Induced Absorption Modulation in a Periodically 5-Doped InGaAs/GaAs

Multiple Quantum Well Structure"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 58, p. 1946 (1991)

"Low Power Optically-AddressedSpatial Light Modulators Using MBE-Grown III-V

Structures"

J. Maserjian and A. Larsson

Proceedings of the SPIE Symposium, San Diego, CA, 22-26 July 1991, paper 1562-09

(in press)

"MBE-Engineered III-V Semiconductor Structures for Low Power Optically-Addressed

Spatial Light Modulators"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

Optical Engineering (in press)

"Optically Induced Excitonic Electroabsorption in a Periodically _-Doped InGaAs/GaAs

Multiple Quantum Well Structure"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

Appl. Phys. Lett. (accepted)

"An Optically Addressed Asymmetric Fabry-Perot Modulator"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

Appl. Phys. Lett. (accepted)

Invited Presentations

"MBE Engineering of Novel Semiconductor Devices Using Abrupt Doping Profiles"

J. Maserjian ........

Gordon Research Conference on Crystal Growth, Plymouth, NH, July 15-19, 1991

"Low Power Optically-Addressed Spatial Light Modulators using MBE-Grown III-V

Structures"

J. Maserjian and A. Larsson

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, CA, 22-26 July 1991

"MBE Engineered III-V Structures for Low Power Optically-Addressed Spatial Light

Modulators"

J. Maserjian

Optical Sciences Colloquium, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, October 3, 1991

46
"SpatialLight Modulators"

J.Maserjian

JPLConferenceonOpticalApplicationsto MicrowaveandMillimeter-WaveSystems,JPL,

Pasadena,CA, October8, 1991

"QuantumWell Optically-AddressedSpatialLight Modulators"

J. Maserjian

SDIO Technology Applications Review, Albuquerque, NM, November 21,1991

Presentations

"Strong Photo-optic Effects in Periodically d-Doped InGaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum Well

Structures"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

OSA Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, Salt Lake City, UT, March 4-6, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Analog Optical Link for Focal-Plane Readout"

E. Fossum, A.G. Larsson and J. Maserjian

New Tech. Report No. 18481/8019, February 6, 1991

"MBE Engineered III-V Semiconductor Structures for Low Power Optically Addressed

Spatial Light Modulators"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

New Technology Report 18689/8244, September 23, 1991

"Time-Multiplexed Optically-Addressed Gigabit Optical Crossbar Switch"

R.J. Lang, J. Maserjian and L. Cheng

New Technology Report 18752/8317, December 18, 1991

"All Optical Photochromic Spatial Light Modulators Based on Photoinduced Electron

Transfer in Rigid Matrices"

D.N. Beratan and J.W. Perry

U.S. Patent No. 5,062,693, November 5, 1991

"Photovoltaic-Driven Quantum Well Modulator"

J. Maserjian

U.S. Patent No. 4,953,955, September 4, 1990

47
Lasers

Publications

"High-power A1GaAs/GaAs Single Quantum Well Surface-Emitting Lasers with Integrated

45°-Beam-Deflectors ''

J. Kim, R. Lang and A. Larsson (with TRW and Hughes)

Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 57, no. 20, p. 2048, November 12, 1990

"Electron-beam Lithography and Chemically Assisted Ion Beam Etching for the

Fabrication of Grating Surface-emitting Broad-area A1GaAs Lasers"

R. J. Lang, A. Larsson, S. Forouhar and J. Cody (with Cornell Univ.)

J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, vol. 8, p. 1408, 1990

"Pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs/A1GaAs Single Quantum Well Surface-emitting Lasers

with Integrated 45°-beam-deflectors ''

J. Kim and A. Larsson (with TRW)

Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 58, no. 1, p. 7, 1991

"Lateral Modes of Broad Area InGaAs Lasers: Theory and Experiment"

R.J. Lang, A. Larsson, S. Forouhar and J. Cody

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics (accepted)

"A New Geometric Formalism for Unstable Resonators"

R.J. Lang

Optics Letters (accepted)

Presentations

"Surface-emitting Single Quantum Well Lasers with Integrated Beam Deflectors"

J. Kim

IEEE LEOS'90 Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, November 4-9, 1990

"Reliable Operation of High Power Density Ridge Waveguide Pseudomorphic Single

Quantum Well Lasers at 980 rim"

S. Forouhar, A. Larsson, J. Cody and R.J. Lang

IEEE LEOS'90 Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, November 4-9, 1990

"High Power Single Element Pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs/AIGaAs Single Quantum Well

Lasers for Pumping Er-doped Fiber Amplifiers"

A. Larsson, S. Forouhar, J. Cody, R. Lang and P.A. Andrekson

SPIE OE/LASE'91, Los Angeles, CA, January 1991

48
Patent and New Technology Reports

"Self-collimating Unstable Resonator Diode Laser"

R.J. Lang

NASA Tech. Brief NPO- 18386, October 15, 1990 (filed)

"Pseudomorphic InxGal-xAs Surface Emitting Lasers for Optical Parallel Processing

Applications"

J.H. Kim

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18243, 1991 (filed)

"AlxGal_xAs

J.H. Kim

NASA Tech.

Single Quantum Well Surface-Emitting Lasers"

Brief NPO- 18281,1991 (filed)

"High-Power A1GaAs Quantum-Well Lasers on Si Substrates"

J.H. Kim, R.J. Lang, G. Radhakrishnan and J. Katz

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17988, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 26, September 1991

"Two-Period Gratings for Surface Emitting Laser"

R. Lang

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18054, vol. 15, no. 12, p. 26, December 1991

"Laterally Coupled Distributed Feedback Laser"

R.J. Lang and S. Forouhar

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18393, vol 16, no. 4, p. 24, April 1992

"Annular Bragg Grating Surface-emitting Laser" & "Two-period Gratings for Surfaceemitting Lasers"

R.J. Lang

A patent is being prepared combining two Technology disclosures, NASA Tech. Brief

NPO-18054, vol. 15, no. 12, p. 26, December 1991 and NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17192 vol

12, no. 11, p. 34, December 1988

"Self-collimated Unstable Resonator Diode Laser"

R.J. Lang

Patent Application, NPO-018386, August 28, 1991 (filed)

"Two-Period Gratings for Surface Emitting Laser"

R. Lang

Patent Application, 782,009, October 21, 1991 (filed)

49
Optoelectronic Materials and Characterization

Publications

"Strong Photo-optic Effects in Periodically _-Doped InGaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum Well

Structures"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

Proceedings of the OSA Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, Salt Lake City, UT, March

4--6, 1991

"Optically Induced Absorption Modulation in a Periodically _5-Doped InGaAs/GaAs

Multiple Quantum Well Structure"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 58, p. 1946, 1991

"Photon Assisted Resonant Tunneling Through Variably Spaced Superlattice Energy

Filters"

A. Larsson, S.I. Borenstain, B. Jonsson, I. Andersson, J. Westin and T.G. Andersson

Applied Physics Letters (accepted)

Invited Presentations

"Optically Induced Absorption Modulation in a Periodically 8-doped InGaAs/GaAs

Multiple Quantum Well Structures"

J. Maserjian and A. Larsson

Workshop on Optical Prope_es of Mesoscopic Semiconductor Structures, Snowbird, UT,

April 23-26, 1991

"MBE Engineering of Novel Semiconductor Devices Using Abrupt Doping Profiles"

J. Maserjian

Gordon Research Conference on Crystal Growth, Plymouth, NH, July 15-19, 1991

Presentations

"Strong Photo-optic Effects in Periodically 5-Doped InGaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum Well

Structures"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian ...........

Late News Paper at OSA Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, Salt Lake City, UT,

March 4-6, 1991 ........... -

"Strong Photo-Optic Effects in Periodically 8-Doped InGaAs/GaAs Multiple Quantum

Well Structures"

A. Larsson and J. Maserjian

IEEE/LEOS Quantum Optoelectronics Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, March 11-13, 1991

50
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

Publications

"Monolithically Integrated Optoelectronic Thresholding Device for Neural Network

Applications"

S. Lin, F. Ho, J. Kim and D. Psaltis

Proceedings of the OSA CLEO'91, Baltimore, MD, May 12-17, 1991

Invited Presentations

"Optoelectronic Master Chip for Optical Computing"

R.J. Lang

SPIE Symposium, San Diego, CA, July 22, 1991

Presentations

"GaAs-based Optoelectronic Neurons"

S. Lin and J. Kim (with Caltech)

IEEE LEOS and OSA Topical Meeting on Optical Computing and Photonic Switching, Salt

Lake City, UT, March 4-8, 1991

"High-gain GaAs Optoelectronic Thresholding Devices for Neural Network

Implementation"

S. Lin and J. Kim (with Caltech)

IEEE LEOS Integrated Photonics Research Topical Meeting, Monterey, CA,

April 9-11, 1991

"Monolithically Integrated Optoelectronic Thresholding Device for Neural Network

Applications"

S. Lin, F. Ho, J. Kim and D. Psaltis

OSA CLEO'91, Baltimore, MD, May 12-17, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"GaAs-based Optoelectronic Neurons"

S.H. Lin, J.H. Khn and D. Psaltis

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18497, February 27, 1991 (filed)

51
Infrared Detectors

Publications

"A Novel Si-based LWIR Detector: The SiGe/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission

Detector"

T.L. Lin, E.W. Jones, A. Ksendzov, S.M. Dejewski, R.W. Fathauer, T.N. Krabach, J.

Maserjian

The International Electron Device Meeting Technical Digest, vol. 641, 1990

"Infrared Response from Metallic Particles Embedded in a Single-crystal Si Matrix: the

Layered Internal Photoemission Sensor"

R.W. Fathauer, J.M. Iannelli, C.W. Nieh and S. Hashimoto

Applied Physics Letters, vol. 57, p. 1419, 1990

"Novel p+-Sil.xGex/P-Si Heterojunction Detectors Fabricated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin and J. Maserjian

Applied Physics Letters, vol. 57, p. 1442, 1990

"Advanced Si IR Detectors Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin, E. W. Jones, T. George, A. Ksendzov and M.L. Huberman

Proceedings of the 1991 SPIE Symposium, July 1991

"Long-Wavelength Infrared Detectors Based on III-V Materials"

J. Maserjian

Proceedings of the 1991 SPIE Symposium, July 1991

"Silicon-based Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors Fabricated by Molecular Beam

Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin, E. W. Jones, T. George, A. Ksendzov and M.L. Huberman

Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 220, p. 477, 1991

"SiGe/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors

Fabricated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin, A. Ksendzov, S.M. Dejewski, E.W. Jones, R.W. Fathauer, T.N. Krabach, J.

Maserjian

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-38, p. 1145, 1991

7:

Invited Presentations

"Si-compatible Sensor Development Ongoing in the Sensor Technology Group"

R. Fathauer

Texas Instruments Central Research Laboratory, October 5, 1990

"The SiGe/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission Sensor"

R. Fathauer and T.L. Lin.

Briefing given at SDI Passive Sensor Technology Program review, Naval Ocean Systems

Center in San Diego, CA, January 31, 1991

52
"LongWavelengthInfraredDetectorResearchBasedonIII-V andIV Semiconductors"

J.Maserjian

Universityof California,Berkeley,CA, March6, 1991

"LongWavelengthInfraredDetectorResearchBasedonIII-V andIV Semiconductors"

J.Maserjian

Universityof CaliforniaStateUniversity,LosAngeles,CA, May29,1991

"Long-WaveInfraredDetectorsBasedonIV andIII-V Materials"

J.Maserjian

SemiconductorSuperlatticeMaterialsandApplicationsWorkshop,HughesResearch

Laboratory,Malibu,CA, July3,1991

"Long-WavelengthInfraredDetectorsBasedonIII-V Materials"

J.Maserjian

SPIESymposium,SanDiego,CA, July22-26, 1991

"AdvancedSi-basedLWIR Detectorsby MolecularBeamEpitaxy"

T.L. Lin

SPIESymposium,SanDiego,CA,July22-26, 1991

"GrowthandPropertiesof NovelSilicide/SiliconHeterostructures"

R. Fathauer

RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute,November1991

"RecentResultsontheSi/SiGeHeterojunctionInternalPhotoemissionLWIR Detector"

R. Fathauer

RomeAir DevelopmentCenter,November10,1991

"RecentResultsontheSi/SiGeHeterojunctionInternalPhotoemissionLWlR Detector"

R. Fathauer

MIT Lincoln Labs,November11,1991

"SiGe/SiHeterojunctionInternalPhotoemissionDetectors"

T.L. Lin

RomeLaboratory,Boston,MA, December5, 1991

"SiGe/SiHeterojunctionInternalPhotoemissionDetectors"

T.L. Lin

MIT LincolnLaboratory,Boston,MA, December6, 1991

"SiGe/SiHeterojunctionInternalPhotoemissionDetectors"

T.L. Lin

NavalResearchLaboratory,Washington,DC,December12,1991

"SiGe/SiHeterojunctionInternalPhotoemissionDetectors"

T.L. Lin

DavidSarnoffResearchCenter,Princeton,NJ,December13,1991

53
Presentations

"SiGe/Si Heterojunction Intemal Photoemission Long-wavelength Infrared Detectors"

R. Fathauer (for T. Lin)

1990 Fall Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA, November 26-30, 1990

"Novel Infrared Detectors Base d o n Three-dimensiona! Sch0ttky Barrier Structures"

R. Fathauer

1990 Fall Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA, November 26-30, 1990

"A Novel Si-based LWIR Detector: The SiGe/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission

Detector"

T.L. Lin, E.W. Jones, A. Ksendzov S.M. Dejewski, R.W. Fathauer, T.N. Krabach and J.

Maserjian

International Electron Device Meeting, San Francisco, CA, December 9-12, 1990

"Silicon-based Long Wavelength Infrared Detectors Fabricated by Molecular Beam

Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin

1991 Spring Material Research Society Symposium, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

"SiGe/Si Camel-barrier Heterojunction Internal Photoemission LWIR Detector,"

T.L. Lin

1991 Device Research Conference, Boulder, CO, June 17-i9, 1991

"The Si/SiGe Heterojunction Internal Photoemission Sensor; Optimization of Materials and

Device Parameters"

R.W. Fathauer, T.L. Lin, M.L. Huberman, S.M. Dejewski, T.N. Krabach and J. Maserjian

1991 Meeting of IRIS Specialty Group on Infrared Detectors, NIST, Boulder, CO, August

13-16, 1991

"Novel SiGe/Si Infrared Detector Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin, A. Ksendzov, T.N. Krabach, J. Maserjian, M.L. Huberman and R. Terhune

AVS Meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 8-12, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Low-Power _alog Optical Link for Focal-Plane Readout"

E. Fossum and A.G. Larsson and J. Maserjian

New Technology Report NPO-30-18481, January 28, 1991 (filed)

"Laterally Stacked Schottky Diodes for Infrared Sensor Applications"

T.L. Lin

New Technology Report NPO-i 7426, October 8, I987 (filed)

"Formation of Self-aligned Guard Rings for Monolithic Schottky-barrier Diode Arrays"

T.L. Lin

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17734, vol. 14, no. 8, p. 20, August 1990

54
"OpticalLink for ReadoutfromFocal-PlaneArray"

E.R.Fossum,A.G. LarssonandJ.Maserjian

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18481,February28, 1991(filed)

"Phototransistorsfor Long-WavelengthInfrared"

S.Borenstain,

NASA Tech.Brief, NPO-18029,vol. 15,no.5, p. 26,May 1991

"Ir/IrSi3/SiSchottky-BarrierInfraredDetector"

T.L. Lin

NASA Tech.Brief, vol. 15,no.10,p. 22,October1991

"SiGe/SiInfraredPhotodiodes"

T.L. Lin

NASA Tech.Brief, vol, 15,no.10,p. 26,October1991

"InAs HIDS LWIR Detector"

J.Maserjian

PatentApplicationCaseNo.NPO-17880,vol. 15, no. 9, p. 22, September 1991

"Laterally Stacked Schottky Diodes for Infrared Sensor Applications"

T.L. Lin

U.S. Patent No. 4,990,988, February 5, 1991

55
Nonlinear Optical Materials

Publications

"Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical: Perspectives"

S.R. Marder, J.E. Sohn and G.D. Stucky, eds.

ACS Symp. Ser., vol. 455, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1991

"Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities and Photostabilities of 2-N-Methyl Stilbazolium

Salts"

S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry, B.G. Tiemann, R.E. Marsh and W.P. Schaefer

Chemistry of Materials, vol. 2, 685, 1990

"Molecular and Macroscopic Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of

Dinitrostilbenes and Related Compounds. Chemistry of Materials"

B.G. Tiemann, S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry and L.T. Cheng

Chemistry of Materials, vol. 2, 690, 1990

"New Polymeric Materials with Cubic Optical Nonlinearities Derived From Ring-Opening

Metathesis Polymerization of Substituted Cyclooctatetraenes"

R.H. Grubbs, C.B. Gorman, E.J. Ginsburg, J.W. Perry and S.R. Marder

In, Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical: Perspectives, ACS Symp. Ser., vol. 455, S.R.

Marder, J.E. Sohn, G.D Stucky, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 672,

1991

"Linear and Nonlinear Polarizability: A Primer"

G.D. Stucky, S,R. Marder and J.E. Sohn

In, Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical: Perspectives, ACS Symp. Ser., vol. 455, S.R.

Marder, J.E. Sohn, G.D Stucky, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 2,

1991

"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Molecules and Materials"

J.W. Perry

In, Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical: Perspectives, ACS Symp. Ser., vol. 455, S.R.

Marder, J.E. Sohn, G.D Stucky, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 2,

1991

"Second-Order Molecular and Macroscopic Optical Nonlinearities of Organic and

Organometallic Compounds"

S.R. Marder, B.G. Tiemann, J.W. Perry, L.T. Cheng, W. Tam, W.P. Schaefer and

R.E. Marsh

In, Materials for Nonlinear Optics: Chemical: Perspectives, ACS Symp. Ser., vol. 455, S.R.

Marder, J.E. Sohn, G.D Stucky, eds., American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, p. 187,

1991

"Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities and Crystal Structure and of 2-Methoxy- 4' Nitro-

(E)Stilbene"

R.B. Grubbs, S.R. Marder, LW. Perry and W.P. Schaefer

Chemistry of Materials, vol. 3, 3, 1991

56
"Approachesfor OptimizingtheFirstElectronicHyperpolarizabilityof ConjugatedOrganic

Molecules"

S.R.Marder,D.N.BeratanandL.T. Cheng

Science,vol. 255,103,1991

"ExcitedStateAbsorptionandOpticalLimiting in Solutionsof Metallophthalocyanines"

J.W.Perry,L.R.Khundkar,D.R.Coulter,D. Alvarez,Jr.,S.R.Marder,T.H.Wei, M.J.

Sence,E.W.Van StrylandandD.J.Hagan

In, Proceedingsof 1990NATO Workshopof Hyperpolarizabilitiesof Organic

Compounds.KluwerAcademicPublishers,NY, p. 369,1991

"OrganometallicSaltswith LargeSecond-OrderOpticalNonlinearities:(E) -{ 1-ferrocenyl2-(4-N-methylpyridinium)ethylene)}Salts"

S.R.Marder,J.W.Perry,W.P.SchaeferandB.G.Tiemann

Organometallics,vol. 10,1896,1991

"NonlinearOptical Hyperpolarizabilitiesof FerrocenylandRuthenacenylComplexes"

J.C.Calabrese,L.T. Cheng,J.C.Green,S.R.MarderandW. Tam

J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,vol. 113,7227,1991

"TheElectronicStructureandSecond-OrderNonlinearOpticalPropertiesof DonorAcceptorSubstitutedAcetylenes:A DetailedInvestigationof Structure-Property

Relationships"

A.E. Stiegman,E.Graham,K.J.Perry,L.R.Khundkar,L.T. ChengandJ.W.Perry

J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,vol. 113,7658,1991

"SubstitutedPolyacetylenesthroughtheRing-OpeningMetathesisPolymerization(ROMP)

of SubstitutedCyclooctatetraenes: aRouteintoSolublePolyacetylenes"

C.B.Gorman,E.J.Ginsburg,M.J.Sailor,J.S.Moore,T.H. Jozefiak,S.R.Marder,J.W.

Perry,N.S.Lewis andR.H. Grubbs

Synth.Met.,vol. 41,p. 1033,1991

"Second-OrderNonlinearOpticalPropertiesof 4-N-MethylstilbazoliumTosylateSalts"

C.P.Yakymyshyn,S.R.Marder,K.R. Stewart,E.P.Boden,J.W.PerryandW.P.Schaefer

Proceedingsof theInternationalConferenceonOrganicMaterialsfor NonlinearOptics II,

RoyalSocietyof ChemistrySpecialPublication#91, R.A.Harm,D. Bloor,eds.,Royal

Societyof Chemistry,Cambridge,England,p. 108,1991

"Structure/PropertyRelationshipsfor OrganicandOrganometallicMaterialswith SecondOrderOpticalNonlinearities"

S.R.Marder,D.N.Beratan,B.T.Tiemann,L.T. ChengandL.T.Tam

Proceedingsof theInternationalConferenceonOrganicMaterialsfor NonlinearOpticsII,

RoyalSocietyof ChemistrySpecialPublication#91,R.A. HannandD. Bloor,eds.,Royal

Societyof Chemistry,Cambridge,England,p. 165,1991

"DirectMeasurementsof NonlinearAbsorptionandRefractionin Solutionsof

Phthalocyanines"

T.H. Wei, D.J.Hagan,M.J. Sence,E.W.VanStryland,J.W.PerryandD.R.Coulter

Appl. Phys.B., vol. 53, 1991(inpress)

57
"Structure/PropertyRelationshipsfor MolecularSecond-orderNonlinearOptics"

S.R.Marder,L.T. Cheng,B.G.TiemannandD.N.Beratan

Proc.SPIE,vol. 1560,1991(in press)

"OrganicSaltswith LargeElectro-opticCoefficients"

J.WPerry,S.R.Marder,K.J.Perry,E.T.Sleva,C.Yakymyshyn,K.R.Stewartand

E.P.Boden

Proc.SPIE,vol. 1560,1991(in press)

"ExperimentalInvestigationof OrganicMolecularNonlinearOpticalPolarizabilities1.

MethodsandResultsonBenzeneandStilbeneDerivatives"

L.T. Cheng,W. Tam,S.H.Stevenson,G.R.Meredith,G. RikkenandS.R.Marder

J.Phys.Chem.,1991(accepted)

"ExperimentalInvestigationof OrganicMolecularNonlinearOpticalPolarizabilities2.

Effectsof Conjugation"

L.T. Cheng,W. Tam,S.R.Marder,A.E. Stiegman,G.RikkenandC.W.Spangler

J.Phys.Chem.,1991(accepted)

"An OrganometallicCyanine:Bis[l.t2-Carbonyl-dicarbonyl-bis(rl5-cyclopentadienyl)di -

iron]It-1,3,5,-heptatrienettra-fluoroborate"

W.P.Schaefer,J.M. SpottsandS.R.Marder

ActaCryst.C., 1991(accepted)

Invited Presentations

"Nonlinear Optical Devices Using Organic Materials"

J.W. Perry

American Chemical Society National Meeting, NY, August 25-30, 1991

"Nonlinear Optical Devices Using organic Materials"

J.W. Perry

California State University, Northridge, Dept. of Chemistry Seminar, November 1991

"Nanosecond Optical Switching: Optical Limiters Based on Reverse Saturable Absorption

in Macrocyclic Dye Complexes"

J.W. Perry

Third Annual Review of the U.S. Army Advanced Laser Protection Program, Washington,

DC, October 1991

"Optical Limiters Based on Excited State Absorption in Macrocyclic Dye Complexes"

J.W. Perry

Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, CA, December 1991

"Design of Nonlinear Optical Materials"

D.N. Beratan, L.T. Cheng, S.R. Marder, J. Murdoch, J.W. Perry, B.G. Tiemann,

J.C.C. Tseng and G. Van Doremaele

Society American Chemical Society National Meeting, NY, August 25-30, 1991

58
"OptimizingtheSecond-orderOpticalNonlinearitiesof OrganicMolecules"

S.R.Marder,D.N. Beratan,L.T. ChengandB.G.Tiemann

SocietyforPhotoopticalandInstrumentationEngineersNationalMeeting,SanDiego,CA,

July 22-26, 1991

Presentations

"Optimizing the Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities of Organic Molecules"

S.R. Marder, D.N. Beratan, L.T. Cheng and B.G. Tiemann

American Chemical Society National Meeting, Atlanta, GA, April, 14-19, 1991

"Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of 4-N-Methylstilbazolium Tosylate Salts"

C.P. Yakymyshyn, S.R. Marder, K.R. Stewart, E.P. Boden, J.W. Perry and W.P. Schaefer

Conference on Laser and Electrooptics, Baltimore, MD, May, 12-17, 1991

"Organic Salts with Large Electro-optic Coefficients"

J.W. Perry; S.R. Marder, K.J. Perry, E.T. Sleva, C.P. Yakymyshyn, K.R. Stewart and E.P.

Boden

Society for Photooptical and Instrumentation Engineers National Meeting, San Diego, CA,

July 22-26, 1991

"The Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Organometallic Cyanines"

J. M. Spotts, W. P. Schaefer and S.R. Marder

American Chemical Society National Meeting, NY, August 25-30, 1991

"Nonlinear Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines"

D. Alvarez, G. Cummings, S.R. Marder, J.W. Perr and K.J. Perry

American Chemical Society National Meeting, NY, August 25-30, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Organometallic Salts Generate Second Harmonics"

S.R. Marder and J.W. Perry

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17730, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 54, June 1991

"Electrooptic Polymer Voltage Sensor and Method of Manufacture Thereof'

J.W. Perry and A. Gottsche

NASA Tech Briefs NPO-18207, March, 8, 1990, and NPO-18311 February 19, 1990

(submitted, patent pending)

59
Fiber Optics

Publications

"Optical Protocols for Terabit Networks"

P.L. Chua, J.L. Lambert, J.M. Morookian and L.A. Bergman

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Proceedings Baltimore, MD, October

1991

Invited Presentations

"Optical Networks: Components and Architectures for Overcoming the Electronic

Bottleneck"

L.A. Bergman

DARPA Optoelectronics Workshop, Washington, DC, January 31-February 1, 1991

"Optical Protocols for Terabit Networks"

L.A. Bergrnan

DARPA PI Workshop, Monterey, CA, March 28, 1991

"LDEF Fiber Optic Exposure Experiment"

A. Johnston, L. Bergman and R. Hartmayer

First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium, Kissimmee, FL, June 2-8, 1991

"Optical Protocols for Advanced Spacecraft Networks"

L.A. Bergman

NASA Space Station Evolution Conference' Houston, TX, August 7, 1991

"Optical Protocols for Terabit Networks"

P.L. Chua, J.L. Lambert, J.M. Morookian and L.A. Bergman

AIAA Conference, Baltimore, MD, October 23, 1991

"Advanced Networks: Application of IS&T Technology for Multi-Gigabit Networks"

L. A. Bergman

IS&T Workshop on Nanostructures and Applications, Tucson, AZ, November 19, 1991

60
Photovoltaic Technology

Publications

"Electron Cyclotron Resonance Microwave Plasma Deposition of a-Si:H and a-SiC:H

Films"

Y.H. Shing and F.S. Pool

Solar Cells, 30, 391, 1991

"Characterization of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma-Deposited Hydrogenated

Amorphous Silicon and Related Alloy Films"

J.M. Essick, F.S. Pool, Y.H. Shing and M.J. Holboke

Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 679, 199I

"Deposition Dependence of the Deep Defect Density for a-Si:H Grown by Electron

Cyclotron Resonance Microwave Plasma"

J.M. Essick, F.S. Pool and Y.H. Shing

J. Vac. Science and Technology (accepted)

"Material Properties and Device Evaluations of ECR-Deposited a-Si:H and a-SiC:H Films"

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Pool and J.M. Essick

22nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference Proceedings, 1991 (in press)

"Electron Cyclotron Resonance Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Alloy Films and

Devices"

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Pool and J. M. Essick

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Photovoltaic Branch Annual Report (accepted)

Presentations

"Material Properties and Device Evaluations of ECR-Deposited a-Si:H and a-SiC:H Films"

Y.H. Shing, F.S. Pool and J.M. Essick

22nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Las Vegas, NV, October 7-11, 1991

"Microcrystalline and Amorphous Silicon and Silicon Carbon Alloy Films Deposited by

Microwave Plasmas"

Y.H. Shing and F. S. Pool

5th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference, Kyoto, Japan,

November 25, 1990

"Characterization of Electron Cyclotron Resoane Plasma-Deposited Hydrogenated

Amorphous Silicon and Related Alloy Films"

J.M. Essick, F.S. Pool, Y.H. Shing and M.J. Holboke

Materials Research Society, Anaheim, CA, April 29-May 3, 1991

61
Optical Signal Processing

Publications

"Superfine Resolution Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari and J.R. Lesh

Applied Optics, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1396-1400, April 10, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari, B.D. Metscher and J.R. Lesh

NASA Tech. Brief NPO- 18092, September 1991

"Superfine Resolution and ThreeDimensional Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari and J.R. Lesh .....

NASA Tech. BriefNPO-18122, September 1991 = =_

"Eliminating Bias in Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari and J.R. Lesh

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18275, May 23, 1990 (filed)

z

!

62
Space Environmental Effects on Materials

Publications

"An Investigation of the Degradation of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) Copolymer

Thermal Blanketing Materials Aboard LDEF and in the Laboratory"

A.E. Stiegman, D.E. Brinza, M.S. Anderson, T.K. Minton, E.G. Laue and R.H. Liang

JPL Publication 91-10, May 15, 1991

"Vacuum-Ultraviolet Radiation/Atomic Oxygen Synergism in FEP Teflon Erosion"

A.E. Stiegman, D.E. Brinza, E.G. Laue, M.S. Anderson and R.H. Liang

J. Spacecraft and Rockets (in press, 1991)

"VUV-Induced Degradation of FEP Teflon Aboard LDEF"

D. Brinza, A.E. Stiegman and R. Liang

Proceedings of the First LDEF Post Retrieval Symposium, Orlando, FL, June 2-8, 1991 (in

press)

Presentations

"Characterization of Space and Ground Degradation of FEP"

D. Brinza, A.E. Sfiegman and R. Liang

AEROMAT 91 Meeting, ASM International, Long Beach, CA, May 20-24, 1991

"VUV-Induced Degradation of FEP Teflon Aboard LDEF"

D. Brinza, A.E. Stiegman and R. Liang

First LDEF Post Retrieval Symposium, Orlando, FL, June 2-8, 1991

63

III. Advanced Computing

PRE_i,EDtNG PAGE BLANK r,lOT FILMED

Overview

Advanced concepts in hardware, software and algorithms are being pursued for application

in next generation space computers and for ground-based analysis of space data. The

research program focuses on massively parallel computation and neural networks, as well as

optical processing and optical networking, which are discussed in the Photonics Section.

Also included are theoretical programs in neural and nonlinear science, and device

development for magnetic and ferroelectric memories.

1991 Major Technical Achievements

Parallel Computation

• Demonstrated first concurrent implementation of CASA CALCRUST application

between JPL and SDSC Cray YMP supercomputers.

Developed 3D Parallel Electromagnetic Finite Element code for scattering analysis

of arbitrarily shaped, inhomogeneous objects.

Ported Parallel Electromagnetic Integral Equation code to the Intel Touchstone

Delta system; ran cases as large as 30,000 (i.e., dense double precision complex

matrix) unknowns.

Implemented dynamic load balancing in 2D Electrostatic Particle-in-Call (PIC)

Code for Multiple Instruction Multiple-Data (MIMD) computers

Developed instrumental line shape algorithm for broadband anisotropic radiation.

Developed Multiple-Instruction Multiple-Data (MIMD) high performance

computing testbed at JPL for the development of NASA Grand Challenge Earth and

Space Science applications.

Initiated system software and user tools, numerical algorithm development support

for HPCC Earth and Space Science applications developers.

Implemented the user interface and operating system environment on the

Biological Information Signal Processor (BISP) system.

Demonstrated the "Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm" for the Time Warp

Operating System (TWOS), which is the only parallel processing operating system

that has the capability to move processes from one node to another during execution

of a program on a parallel processor.

Demonstrated the "Concurrent Theater Level Simulation" using TWOS. The

only known wargame to provide a capability for enemy forces to attack from any

direction and to engulf opposing forces. The simulation uses a road network that

allows movement in any direction -- it is not constrained to hex game type

movements or to a piston type operation. In addition the model is data driven and

allows changing locale and military force structure and doctrine easily without a

need to recode the simulation. _.

67

pRE'_H_DtNG P.,_k?_EBLANK rqOT FILMED
Designed and implemented the ray-identification algorithm for the threedimensional perspective rendering. The algorithm runs efficiently on both

sequential and parallel machines, including Sun Sparcstations, JPL MarkIIIfp, Intel

iPSC/860 and the Intel Touchstone DELTA System.

Made further developments on the analytic model of the Event Horizon for

simulation. This directly applies to the recent parallel simulation synchronization

algorithm developed last year called "Breathing Time Buckets". This theory has

further applications in the field of parallel and sequential simulation.

Developed the interactive features for the Synchronous Parallel Environment for

Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation (SPEEDES). SPEEDES is a parallel

simulation environment that supports multiple synchronization protocols

transparently to the application. It now features some new state-of-the-art

approaches for supporting interactive simulations.

Developed a new version of the Time Warp synchronization algorithm to operate

in the SPEEDES multi-synchronization environment. This means that all

applications written under the SPEEDES environment can select Time Warp in

addition to other synchronization protocols for parallel synchronization. Because

SPEEDES uses incremental state saving techniques, the memory overhead for state

saving in Time Warp is kept down to a minimum.

Developed a new algorithm for performing proximity detection for parallel

simulations caIled "The Distribution List". This algorithm, in a scalable way,

solves the problem of "who can see who," which is fundamental to all military

simulations on parallel computers.

Neural and Analog Computing

• Designed, fabricated, and demonstrated for the first time fully parallel,

programmable, synaptic array (VLSI) chips with analog weight resolution

exceeding 12 bits (1 part in 4000), incorporated in a reconfigurable neural network

hardware system. Configurable as both feedback and feed forward architectures,

this hardware is based on vertical (parallel) stacking of 7-bit MDAC synapses and

nonlinear (sigmoid) variable gain neuron chips. Convergence time of less than only

a few microseconds has been demonstrated on this reconfigurable hardware. This

translates into a computing speed of multibillion operations per second.

Developed and implemented in hardware the new powerful "cascade

backpropagation" algorithm for efficient supervised learning in feed forward neural

network architectures. The neuron-synapse composite chip-based, reconfigurable

neural network hardware system has been used to implement the new cascade

backprop learning algorithm with "hardware-in-the-loop" for the first time. A

separate graphics routine developed for the purpose allows a real time display of the

network architecture and its performance during learning of the ill-defined

transformations as well as during the mapping exercises.

68
Demonstrateda sonarsignaturediscriminationproblem(Navy) anda Landsat

imageryinterpretationproblem(Army) asexamplesof ill-definedtransformations

capturedby thelearningcapabilitiesof theneuralnetworksin hardware.Theilldefinednatureof theseproblemsmakesit extremelydifficult to solvethemusing

conventionalcomputingtechniques.

Expanded our optical neuron array chip to include 4096 neurons (64 x 64 array,

based on phototransistors) for thresholding and winner take all functions, fabricated

in 2 micron CMOS. The chip, designedprimarily for correlation peak detection

function in the neocognitron architecture, provides a factor of 4 enhancement in the

resolution of the peak detection compared to the earlier 32 x 32 photodetector array

chip.

Developed and demonstrated for the first time a dedicated processor chip for

route planning. Given mobility costs per pixel over a terrain of interest, the 24 x 25

pixel-processor array chip based on a highly parallel architecture, computes all

possible paths from a selected (origin) pixel in parallel, providing orders of

magnitude speed enhancement compared to a typical sequential computer. The chip

has direct applications in planetary rover navigation, robotics, and battlefield

management. The path planner chip, interfaced with a PC, can compute and

display, for example, simultaneous advances of "red" and "blue" teams on any

constrained terrain, isocost contours for the different movers, as well as the best

path to reach virtually any point on the terrain, with an estimate of the required cost.

Demonstrated for the first time a high-speed non-destructive photoresponse

readout from optically addressed ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film

memory elements. When illuminated with laser pulses as short as - 25 nsec, the

short circuit photocurrent from the PZT samples represents nondestructive readout

of the information, stored in a nonvolatile fashion as remanent polarization in the

thin film memory elements. Furthermore, the readout signal or the remanent

polarization exhibited negligible degradation even after over a million readouts.

Successfully transferred selected neural network hardware technology (VLSI

designs and implementation know-how) to a U.S. industry (McDonnell Douglas)

and a national laboratory (C. S. Draper Laboratory). The technology transfer

activities with the two organizations have resulted in board level neural network

hardware products, primarily optimized for the applications selected by the

respective organizations. These hardware products represent some of the very first

such high speed, artificial neural networks, tailored for specific functions.

Demonstrated a new Boltzmann machine architecture that determines great circle

arcs using certain associational data sent by an already existing tracker.

Neurocomputing Theory and Nonlinear Science

• Discovered new method for global optimization of multiextremal functions based

on "Terminal Repeller Unconstrained Subenergy Tunneling" (TRUST).

Over 100 times faster than competing state-of-the-art approaches on

standard SIAM benchmarks

69
- TRUSTalgorithmsdesignedfor easyimplementationonmassively

paralleloptoelectronichardware

- Major benefitexpectedfor manydefense,space,andenergyapplications

Developed new methodology for multitarget tracking in a dense threat

environment based upon hydrodynamical techniques coupled with neural network

algorithms.

- Demonstrated tracking errors of under one percent for threat

configurations involving several thousand elements

- Method selected for priority classified dissemination by SDIO/IDA's

Advanced Concepts Panel

Developed and demonstrated an unipolar terminal-attractor based associative

memory (UTABAM) system via adaptive threshold enabling perfectly correct

convergence in the associative recall of inputs where the number of stored states are

comparable to the number of neurons thus showing a significant improvement over

the Hopfield neural net.

Discovered a new pyramidal multi-layer multi-resolution optoelectronic data

classification system utilizing the perfectly convergent unipolar terminal-attractor

based associative memory and the futuristic SEED devices.

Developed a new class of brain-in-a-cube-type bifurcating opto-electronic pattern

recognition (BOPAR) technique for data classification using high-gain nonlinear

photorefractive crystals with an experimental demonstration using barium titanite.

Developed a new class of shift, rotation, and scale invariant adaptive optical

pattern recognition (AOPAR) system for discerning a very faint object merged in a

highly cluttered background and experimentally demonstrated using a high-gain

photorefractive barium-titanite crystals.

Developed the novel theory of Non-Lipschitzian Neural Dynamics.

The ability of our networks to change spontaneously their structural

behavior as a result of parametrical periodic excitations lead to a

performance that phenomenologically resembles brain activity

- Work importance emphasized by biologists in recent issues of Journal of

Neuroscience

Work also leads to design of unpredictable systems having important

defense applications

Formulated neural learning theory in terms of adjoint operators.

Enables highly efficient spatio-temporal pattern processing (order N 2

speed up)

Designed for real-time applications

7O
Developeda newmethodologyenablingrapidtacticalsituationassessmentunder

battlefieldconditions.

Capableof identifyingenemyforcestructuresusingaslittle astwenty

percentof detectednodesandarbitrarytemplatewarping

Capableof predictinglocationof undetectednodes

Developedmethodologyenablingthesolutionof partialdifferentialequationson

synchronousneuralhardware.WhenimplementedonnovelCCD/CIDchip (256

neurons,65536synapses,onetrillion operationsper second)developedjointly with

Caltech,afactorof 100speed-upoverconventionalstate-of-the-artsupercomputers

will beachieved.

DemonstratedanewBoltzmannmachinearchitecturethatobtainsfeasible

solutionswithoutembeddingfeasibilityconstraintsontheconnectionmatrix.

Demonstratedtheutility of usinginteractivegraphicsto allow experimentation

anduserfriendlinesswith regardto facilitationof neuralconvergenceandsolution

identification.

Demonstratedthetheoryandalgorithmsrelatingto thedeterminationof whether

anarbitrarytransitiongraphhasaprefix codeevent.

Optical Processing

• DevelopedsuccessfullyaprecisionFourieropticmethodfor characterizing

electron-beam-lithographically-made Ronchigratingin Cr film onglasssubstrate

andobtainedencouraginginitial results.

Demonstratedsuccessfully,for thefirst time, imagecorrelationusing

photorefractiveGaAswith twoInGaAsP/InPDBF lasers, which could be a first

step towards development of compact correlators as building blocks for future

sophisticated object recognition systems.

Improved significantly the understanding of time integration and correlation using

photorefractive GaAs for RF signal processing.

Demonstrated successfully the first-generation optoelectronic peak detection array

chip fabricated using VLSI technology.

Demonstrated, for the first time, the capability of the visible AOTF imaging

spectrometer breadboard system to take high-quality video of outdoor scenes in

partially cloudy days, important for future airborne and outdoor applications.

Made significant progress to understand the band edge shift effect in GaAs crystal

under a DC voltage due to heating under two-wave mixing condition, important for

optical processing using the band edge photorefractive effect in the material.

Tested successfully the capability of the first generation 32 x 32 element peak

detection VLSI chips for detecting correlation peaks in an optical correlation system.

71
Demonstratedsuccessfullythefeasibilityof usingdegeneratefour-wavemixingin

photorefractiveGaAstoperformtimecorrelationandpulsecompression,with

potentialapplicationin RF andradarsignalprocessing.

Demonstratedexcellentspatialandintensityuniformityof theimageobtainedby

theAOTF imagingspectrometer.

Completed a computer simulation to generate Mars surface contour features for

investigating the hazard avoidance guidance for the Mars Lander.

Demonstrated, for the first time, the capability of the IR AOTF imaging

spectrometer breadboard system to measure detailed reflective spectra using a

Bastnaesite sample, which are similar to those reported using a conventional

precision Beckman spectrometer.

Demonstrated, for the first time, a new image processing concept with attributes of

optical correlator and novelty filter (e.g., moving detector), with potential applications

for both detection of a moving target in a cluttered environment and recognition of

the target using optical correlation using the same instrument. The demonstration

experiment used a photorefractive CdTe crystal and a compact diode-pumped

Nd:YAG laser in a matched filter configuration.

Data Storage

• Invented a new, higher margin, read technique.

Verified simulations of static behavior of domain walls.

Demonstrated partial matching of bias fields to stabilize both bubble domains in

the major line and stripe domains in the minor loop.

Demonstrated reliable elongation of stripe domains into I/O gate (not out the

opposite end).

Used lift-off processing for better conductor width control. Virtually eliminated layer

to layer shorts by design improvement. Improved control of garnet etching by ion

implantation. Studied the variation in magnetization and coercivity of sputtered CoPt.

Developed a new data structure for sequential and parallel simulations for

management of the future event list called the SPEEDES Tree. This data structure

outperformed the Splay Tree (normally thought of as the best data structure for this

problem) by 30% or more. Because all discrete event simulations (parallel or

sequential) use event lists, this achievement is very important for this field, especially

in applications where the management of the event list takes a large percentage of the

computation time.

Software Engineering and Computer Science

• Demonstrated object-oriented classification of software components, hypermedia

browsing, searching, and cataloguing tools for component databases, automatic

generation of hypermedia from the database, and automatic retrieval of components

over networks.

72
Parallel Computation

Publications

"Hypercube Matrix Computation Task - Research in Parallel Computational

Electromagnetics, Report for 1989-1990"

T. Cwik, R. Ferraro, R. Hodges, N. Jacobi, P. L_ewer, T. Lockhart, G. Lyzenga, J. Parker, J.

Partee, J. Patterson and D. Simoni

JPL Publication 91-25, January 1, 1991

"Temporal Decomposition of Simulations Under the Time Warp Operating System"

P. Reiher, S. Bellenot and D. Jefferson

Proceedings of the 1991 Principles of Distributed Simulation Conference, p. 47-54,

January 1991

"SPEEDES: Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event

Simulation"

J. Steinman

Proceedings of the SCS Western Multiconference on Advances in Parallel and Distributed

Simulation, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 95-103, January 1991

"Debugging the Time Warp Operating System and Its Applications"

P. Reiher, S. Bellenot and D. Jefferson

Proceedings of the Symposium on Experiences with Distributed and Multiprocessor

Systems II, p. 203-220, March 1991

"Supercritical Speedup"

D. Jefferson and P. Reiher

Proceedings of the 24th Annual Simulation Symposium, p. 159-168, April 1991

"Helmholtz Finite Elements Performance on Mark III and Intel iPSC/860 Hypercubes"

J.W. Parker, T. Cwik, R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer, P. Lyster and J.E. Patterson

Proceedings of the Sixth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Portland, OR,

April 28-May 2, 1991

"A Multicomputer Simulation of the Galileo Spacecraft Command and Data Subsystem"

J.E. Zipse, R.Y. Yeung, B.A. Zimmerman, R. Morillo, D.P. Olster, J.W. Flowe and

T. Mizuo

Proceedings of the Sixth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Portland, OR,

April 28-May 2, 1991

"Interactive SPEEDES"

J. Steinman

Proceedings of the 24th Annual Simulation Symposium, pp. 149-158, April 1991

"An Evaluation of Fault-Tolerant Hypercube Architectures for Onboard Computing"

J.C. Peterson, J.O. Tuazon and E.T. Upchurch

Proceedings 21 st International Symposium on Fault Tolerant Computing, June 1991

73
"NumericalStudiesof ElectronDynamicsin ObliqueQuasi-PerpendicularCollisionless

ShockWaves"

P.C.Liewer,V.K, Decyk,J.M.DawsonandB. Lembege

Journalof GeophysicalResearch,vol. 96,no.A6, June1, 1991

"A SystolicArray ProcessorforBiologicalInformationSignalProcessing"

E.T.Chow,T. Hunkapiller,J.C.Peterson,B.A. ZimmermanandM.S.Waterman

Proceedingsof the 1991InternationalConferenceonSupercomputing(ICS-91),June17-

21,1991

"ComputationalRequirementsfor theTroposphericEmissionSpectrometerExperiment"

P.M.Lyster,L. SparksandJ.E.Patterson

InternalMemorandum,June1991

"DynamicLoadBalancingfor a 2DConcurrentPlasmaPIC Code"

R.D.Ferraro,P.C.LiewerandV.K. Decyk

Journalof ComputationalPhysics(submittedJuly 1991)

"ParallelThree-DimensionalPerspectiveRendering"

P.Li andD.W. Curkendall

Proceedingsof 1992EuropeanWorkshoponParallelComputing,March1992(in press)

Invited Presentations

"CASA CALCRUST 3D Seismic Profiling"

L.A. Bergman

CNRI Gigabit Testbed Workshop, Washington, DC, February 13-15, 1991

"Distributed Supercomputing for the CASA-CALCRUST Project"

P.M. Lyster

Internet Activities Board, SDSC, La Jolla, CA, June 11, 1991

"Parallel Computational Electromagnetics"

J. Patterson, R. Ferraro and T. Cwik

Lockheed, Burbank, CA, July 25, 1991

"Conjugate Gradient Methods Applied to Electromagnetic Scattering Problems"

R.D. Ferraro

4th SIAM Conference on Applied Linear Algebra, Minneapolis, MN,

September 11-14, 199I .....

Presentations

"Temporal Decomposition of Simulations Under the Time Warp Operating System"

P. Reiher, S. Bellenot and D. Jefferson

Proceedings of the 1991 Principles of Distributed Simulation Conference, p. 47-54,

January 1991

74
"SPEEDES:SynchronousParallelEnvironmentforEmulationandDiscreteEvent

Simulation"

J.Steinman

TheSCSWesternMulticonferenceonAdvancesin ParallelandDistributedSimulation,

January1991

"SEASCRAPEAlgorithmDevelopment"

L. Sparks

ThirdTroposphericEmissionSpectrometer(TES)ScienceTeamMeeting,Universityof

Denver,Denver,CO,March26-28, 1991

"SEASCRAPERequirementsin aParallelComputingEnvironment"

P.M. Lyster,L. SparksandJ.E.Patterson

ThirdTroposphericEmissionSpectrometer(TES)ScienceTeamMeeting,Universityof

Denver,Denver,CO,March26-28,1991

"DebuggingtheTimeWarpOperatingSystemandIts Applications"

P.Reiher,S.BellenotandD. Jefferson

Proceedingsof theSymposiumonExperienceswith DistributedandMultiprocessor

SystemsII, pp.203-220,March 1991

"SupercriticalSpeedup"

D. JeffersonandP.Reiher

Proceedingsof the24thAnnualSimulationSymposium,pp. 159-168,April 1991

"InteractiveSPEEDES"

J.Steinman

The24thAnnualSimulationSymposium,April 1991

"Dynamic Load Balancing in a 2D PIC Code Without Particle Sorting"

R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer and V.K. Decyk

The Sixth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Portland, OR, April 28-

May 2, 1991

"Helmholtz Finite Elements Performance on Mark III and Intel iPSC/860 Hypercubes"

J.W. Parker, T. Cwik, R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer, P. Lyster and J.E. Patterson

The Sixth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Portland, OR, April 28-

May 2, 1991

"The Solution and Numerical Accuracy of Large Electromagnetic Problems Using the i860"

T. Cwik and J. Patterson

The Sixth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Portland, OR, April 28-

May 2, 1991

"A Multicomputer Simulation of the Galileo Spacecraft Command and Data Subsystem"

J.E. Zipse, R.Y. Yeung, B.A. Zimmerman, R. Morillo, D.P. Olster, J.W. Flower and

T. Mizuo

The Sixth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Portland, OR, April 28-

May 2, 1991

"Large Parallel Interactive Simulations"

J. Steinman and D. Curkendall

SDI Parallel Processing Group (PPG) Meeting, May 1991

75
"A SystolicArray Processorfor BiologicalInformationSignalProcessing"

E.T. Chow,T. Hunkapiller,J.C.Peterson,B.A. ZimmermanandM.S.Waterman

1991InternationalConferenceonSupercomputing(ICS-91),June17-21, 1991

"PerformanceCharacteristicsof LargeScaleRetrievalofAtmosphericParametersin a

ParallelComputingEnvironment"

P.M.Lyster,L. SparksandJ.E.Patterson

AmericanGeophysicalUnion,SpringMeeting,Baltimore,MD, May 28- June1,1991

"Large-ScaleRetrievalofAtmosphericParameterProfiles"

L. Sparks,P.Lyster,J.PattersonandJ.Fanselow

PhysicsComputing'91,ThirdInternationalConferenceonComputationalPhysics,San

Jose,CA, June10-14,1991

"EM ScatteringComputationsUsingFiniteElementsonMIMD Computers"

J.W.Parker,R.D. Ferraro,P.C.LiewerandP.Lyster

PhysicsComputing'91,Third InternationalConferenceonComputationalPhysics,San

Jose,CA, June10-14, 1991

"A 2DElectromagneticPIC Codefor DistributedMemoryConcurrentComputers"

R.D.FerraroandP.C.Liewer

PhysicsComputing'91,SanJose,CA, June10- 14,1991

"TheSolutionandNumericalAccuracyof LargeMoM Problems"

T. Cwik andJ.Patterson

InternationalUnionof RadioScience-IEEEAntennasandPropagationSociety,London,

Ontario,June24-28, 1991

"Solving3-D ScatteringProblemswith FiniteElementsUsingaSecond-OrderLocal

AbsorbingBoundaryCondition"

J.Parker,R.D. FerraroandP.C.Liewer

InternationalUnionof RadioScience-IEEEAntennasandPropagationSociety,London,

Ontario,June24-28, 1991

"IsoparametricEdgeElementsfor 3-DElectromagneticScatteringProblems"

J.Parker,R.D.FerraroandP.C.Liewer

InternationalUnionof RadioScience-IEEEAntennasandPropagationSociety,London,

Ontario, June 24-28, 1991

"Parallel Mesh Generation for Electromagnetic Finite Element Computations"

R. Ferraro, J. Parker and J. Patterson

International Union of Radio Science-IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, London,

Ontario, June 24-28, 1991

"CASA CALCRUST Parallel Rendering"

P. Li

The Second Gigabit Network Applications Workshop, Reston, VA, August 8, 1991

"The Event Horizon"

J. Steinman

Technical Information Exchange Meeting, JPL, Pasadena, CA, August 1991

76
"SEASCRAPE:A Large-ScaleRetrievalCode"

L. Sparks

SecondInternationalWorkshop,AtmosphericSciencefrom SpaceUsingFourier

TransformSpectrometry,JPL,Pasadena,CA, September11-13,1991

"PlasmaPIC SimulationsonMIMD Computers"

R.D.Ferraro,P.C.LiewerandV.K. Decyk

14thInternationalConferenceontheNumericalSimulationof Plasmas(APS),Annapolis,

MD, September30,1991

"ProximityDetection"

J.SteinmanandF.Wieland

SDIParallelProcessingGroup(PPG)Meeting,October1991

"ElectromagneticScatteringUsingFiniteElementsonaMIMD Computer"

R.D. Ferraro

Seminar,Departmentof ComputerScience,Universityof Virginia,Charlottesville,VA,

November7, 1991

"TheSolutionandNumericalAccuracyof LargeElectromagneticProblemsUsingthei860

BasedParallelSupercomputer"

T. Cwik, J.ParteandJ.Patterson

Supercomputing'91,Albuquerque,NM, November18-22,1991

"Large-ScaleRetrievalofAtmosphericParametersfrom RemoteSoundingData"

L. Sparks,P.Lyster,J.PattersonandJ.Fanselow

FifthTopicalMeetingof OpticalRemoteSensingof theAtmosphere,Williamsburg,VA,

November18-21,1991

"High PerformanceComputingandCommunicationsProgram(HPCC),EarthandSpace

ScienceApplicationsProject(ESS)"

J.Fischer,S.Zalesak,J.Patterson,L. Hamet,J.Dorband,B. CampbelandR. Ferraro

HPCCComprehensiveReview,GoddardSpaceFlightCenter,December10- 13,1991

"PlanetaryScientificVisualization- UsingtheIntelDeltaParallelSupercomputer"

D.W. CurkendalI,P.Li andE. DeJong

TheBoardof GovernorsMeeting,JPL,Pasadena,CA, DecemberI6, 1991

"A NetworkExpressDemonstrationof DistributedSupercomputingfor theCASACALCRUSTProject"

P.M.Lyster,L.Bergman,R.Blom,R.Crippen,L. Li, D. Okaya,C.PardandD.Stanfill

CASAGigabitJamboree,SDSC,LaJolla,CA, December19,1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Electrostatic Particle-In-Cell Code for Hypercube Computer"

R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer and V.K. Decyk

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18229, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 52, February 1992

"Synchronous Parallel System for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation"

J. Steinman

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18414, November 8, 1990 (filed, patent pending)

77
Neural and Analog Computing

Publications

"Analog VLSI Neural Networks: Implementation Issues and Examples in Optimization and

Supervised Learning"

S.P. Eberhardt, R. Tawel, T.X. Brown, T. Daud and A.P. Thakoor

IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, A Special Issue on Neural Networks (in press)

"Non-Destructive Memory Read-out from Ferroelectric PZT Thin Films"

S. Thakoor

Trans. American Ceramic Society (in press)

"CCD Focal Plane Image Reorganization Processors for Lossless Image Compression"

S.E. Kemeny, H.H. Torbey, H.E. Meadows, R.A. Bredthauer, M.A. LaShell and

E.R. Fossum

IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits (in press)

"Competitive Neural Architecture for Hardware Solution to the Assignment Problem"

S. Eberhardt, T. Daud, D. Kerns, T. Brown and A. Thakoor

Neural Networks 4, 431 (1991)

"A VLSI Neuroprocessor for Dynamic Assignment of Resources"

S. Eberhardt, T. Daud and A. Thakoor;

IEEE Systems. Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 1, p. 711, 1990

Invited Presentations

"Electronic Neuroprocessors"

A. Thakoor

Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington,

TX, September 6, 1991

"On-line Learning an Analog Neural Network Hardware"

T. Duong

Department of Electrical Engineering, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, September 13, 1991

"Neural Learning of Nonlinear Mappings: An Application in Robotics"

R. Tawel

Ascona Workshop on Industrial Applications of Neural Networks, Ascona, Switzerland,

September 16-20, 1991

"Learning in Analog Neural Network Hardware"

R. Tawel

Ascona Workshop on Industrial Applications of Neural Networks, Ascona, Switzerland,

September 16-20, 1991

"Integration of Neuroprocessors as Co-processors for Large Computing Platforms"

A. Thakoor

Rome Laboratory, Griffiss AFB, NY, September 17, 1991

78
"Neuro-computationwithAnalogBuildingBlocks"

R.Tawel

EPFL University, Laussane, Switzerland, September 23, 1991

"Electronic Neural Networks: MOSIS Experiments -- What Next?"

A. Thakoor

DARPA's Topical Workshop on Neural Network Hardware, Arlington, VA, October 1991

"Artificial Neural Networks for Image Processing"

A. Thakoor

JPL/Caltech Administration Quarterly Management Meeting, Caltech, Pasadena, CA,

December 1991

"Neural Network Control of Telecommunications Switching"

T. Brown

EE class "EE 165: Topics in Telecommunications Systems Engineering" at Caltech,

Pasadena, CA, May 7, 1991

"Hybrid Neural Switch Control for New Telecommunication Services"

T. Brown

Caltech's Systems Group Meeting, April 25, 1991

Presentations

"Hardware Implementations of Fully Parallel Neural Networks"

A. Thakoor

"WESCON": Intl. Electronics Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, CA; November 1990

"Analog VLSI Implementations of Neural Network Architectures"

T. Daud

AIND Second Workshop on Neural Networks at Auburn University, Auburn, AL, February

1991 (Published in the workshop proceedings)

"A Limited Connectivity VLSI network for Dynamic Assignment Problems"

S. Eberhardt, T. Daud, D. Kerns, T. Brown and A. Thakoor

Snowbird Conf. on Neural Networks for Computing, Snowbird, UT, April 1991

"Photoresponse from Thin Ferroelectric Films of Lead Zirconium Titanate"

S. Thakoor

Third Intl. Symp. on Integrated Ferroelectrics, Colorado Springs, CO, April 1991

"Slow Switching Effects in Thin Ferroelectric Films"

S. Thakoor

Third Intl. Symp. on Integrated Ferroelectrics, Colorado Springs, CO, April 1991

"Non-Destructive Memory Read-out from Ferroelectric PZT Thin Films"

S. Thakoor

Ninety-Third American Ceramic Society Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, April 28-May 2, 1991

79
"32x 32PeakDetectorArrayfor OpticalCorrelatorSystems"

H. Langenbacher,T. Chao,T. ShawandJ. Yu

Proc.SHE 91InternationalSymp.onOpticalAppliedScienceandEngineering,San

Diego,CA, July 1991

"ElectronicNeuralNetworkfor DynamicResourceAllocation"

A.P. Thakoor,T. DaudandS.P.Eberhardt

Proc.AIAA ConferenceonComputersin Aerospace8,Baltimore,MD, October1991,p.

339.Winner of the Best Paper Award at the Conference

"A NeuraI Network Architecture for the Assignment Problem: Simulation and

VLSI Implementation"

S.P. Eberhardt, T. Daud, D.A. Kerns, R. Tawel and A.P. Thakoor

IJCNN, vol. I, p. 421, 1991

"A CMOS UV-Programmable Non-Volatile Synaptic Array"

R. Tawel, R. Benson and A.P. Thakoor

IJCNN, vol. I, p. 581, 1991

"Update on Focal Plane Image Processing Research"

S. Kemeny et al.

Proc. SPIE Conf. on CCD and Solid State Optical Sensors, SPIE, vol. 1447, p. 24, 1991

"CCD Image Sensor with Differential Pyramidal Output for Lossless Image Compression"

S. Kemeny et al.

Proc. IEEE 1991 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, San Diego, CA, 1991

"Electronic Neuroprocessors"

A. Thakoor

"Technology 2000", Industrial Conference and Exposition Sponsored by NASA,

Washington, DC, NASA Conference Publication 3109, vol. 2, 26, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Analog Memory Device Based on Thin Ferroelectric Capacitors"

S. Thakoor

New Technology Report NPO- 18550, April 8, 1991 (filed)

"Stacked Gate FETs for Analog Memory Elements"

A.P. Thakoor and A.W. Moopenn

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17627, vol. 15, no. 7, p. 16, 1991

"Ferroelectric Memory Capacitors for Neural Networks"

S. Thakoor, A. Moopenn and H.L. Stadler

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17973, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 26, 1991

"Neural Networks of VLSI Components"

S. Eberhardt,

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17833, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 24, 1991

8O
"SimplifiedLearningSchemefor AnalogNeuralNetworks"

S.Eberhardt

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17664,vol. 15,no.2, p. 26,1991

"NeuralNetworkSolvesTravelingSalesmanProblem"

A.P.ThakoorandA.W. Moopenn,

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17807,vol. 14,no.12,p.22, 1990

"AdaptiveNeuronsfor Artificial NeuralNetworks"

R. Tawel

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17803,vol. 14,no. 12,p.24, 1990

"FastFeatureRecognizingOptoelectronicSystem"

S.ThakoorandA. Thakoor

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17690,vol. 14,no.11,p.42, 1990

"Ferroelectric/OptoelectronicMemory/Processor"

S.ThakoorandA.P.Thakoor

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18222,vol. 16,no.4,p. 28,April 1992

"PorousFloatingGateVerticalMOSFETDevicewith ProgrammableAnalogMemory"

A.P.Thakoor,A.W. MoopennandJ.J.Lambe

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17532,vol. 14,no.7,p. 18,July 1990

"AdaptiveNeuronsfor Artificial NeuralNetwork"

R.Tawel

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17803,vol. 14,no. 12,p. 24,December1990

"A Generalizationof theAdaptiveNeuronModeltoFully RecurrentNeuralModels"

R.Tawel

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18579,May 8, 1991(filed)

"NonvolatileFerroelectricMemorywith LongLife Cycle"

S.Thakoor

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18573,April 30, 1991(filed)

"CascadingVLSI Chipsfor On-LineLearning"

T. Duong,T. DaudandA.P.Thakoor

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18645,July 12,1991(filed)

"Non-volatileArrayof Synapsesfor NeuralNetwork"

R.Tawel

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18578,May7, 1991(filed)

"AnalogProcessorto SolveOptimizationProblems"

T. Duong,S.EberhardtandA.P.Thakoor

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18390,October16,1990(filed)

"Depositionof Thin Filmsof MulticomponentMaterials"

S.Thakoor

Patentapplication,NPO-18221,February1991(filed)

81
"Ferroelectric/OptoelectronicMemory/Processor"

S.ThakoorandA.P.Thakoor

Patentapplication,603,935,October24,1990(filed)

"AnalogProcessortoSolveOptimizationProblems"

T. Duong,S.EberhardtandA.P.Thakoor

Patentapplication,789,567,November8, 1991(filed)

"AdaptiveNeuronsfor Artificial NeuralNetwork"

R. Tawel

Patentapplication,473,024,January31,1990(filed)

"PorousFloatingGateVerticalMOSFETDevicewith ProgrammableAnalogMemory"

A. P.Thakoor,A. W. MoopennandJ.J.Lambe

U. S.PatentNo.4,969,021,November6, 1990

"MemorySwitchesBasedon MetalOxideThinFilms"

R.Ramesham,A.P.ThakoorandJ.Lambe

U. S.PatentNo.4,931,763,June5, 1990

82
Neural and Nonlinear Theory

Publications

Part I: Inverse Dynamics, in "Advances in Control and Dynamic Systems, Volume 40:

Advances in Robotic Systems Dynamics and Control Systems", Techniques for Parallel

Computation of Mechanical Manipulator Dynamics

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

C. T. Leondes (Ed.), Academic Press, pp. 315-356, March 1991

Part II: Forward Dynamics, in "Advances in Control and Dynamic Systems, Volume 40:

Advances in Robotic Systems Dynamics and Control Systems", Techniques for Parallel

Computation of Mechanical Manipulator Dynamics

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

C.T. Leondes (Ed.), Academic Press, pp. 357--410, March 1991

"Bifurcative Optical Pattern Recognition"

H.K. Liu

Journal of Optical Society of America, October 1991

"Holographic Lens Design Using the Contact-Screen Method"

F. Peng, A.A.S. Awwal, M.A. Karim and H.K. Liu

Journal of Optical Society of America, October 1991

"Adaptive Reconfigurable Interconnects Using a LCTV"

A.A.S. Awwal, A.D. McAulay, J. Wang and H.K. Liu

Journal of Optical Society of America, October 1991

"Parallel Computation of Manipulator Inverse Dynamics"

A. Fijany and A.L. Bejczy

Journal of Robotic Systems, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 599-635, October 1991

"Spatially Organized Spectral Neural Networks for Motion Detection in Highly Noisy

Environments"

J. Barhen, M. Zak, N. Toomarian and D. Andes

Proc., Fourth European Conference on Neural Networks and Their Applications: NeuroNimes '91, pp. 71-79, EC2, Nanterre, France, 1991

"Neurocomputing Formalisms for Computational Learning and Machine Intelligence"

S. Gulati, J. Barhen and S.S. Iyengar

Advances in Computers, 33, 173-245, Academic Press, 1991

"Adjoint Operators and Non-Adiabatic Learning in Neural Networks"

N. Toomarian and J. Barhen

Appl. Math. Lett., vol. 4, no. 2, 69-73, 1991

"Terminal Repeller Unconstrained Subenergy Tunneling for Robotic and Neural Network

Global Optimization Applications"

J. Barhen, J. Burdick and B. Cetin

Ninth Symposium on Energy Engineering Sciences, DOE-Conf 9105116, pp. 166-175,

U.S. Department of Energy, 1991

83
"Efficient GlobalRedundantConfigurationResolutionvia SubenergyTunnelingand

TerminalRepelling"

J.Burdick, B. CetinandJ.Barhen

IEEEInternationalConf.onRobotics& Automation,pp.939-944,IEEE Press,1991

"Adjoint FunctionsandTemporalLearningAlgorithmsin NeuralNetworks"

N. ToomarianandJ.Barhen

Adv. Neur.Inf. Proc.Sys.,vol. 3, 113-120,1991

"Self-OrganizingNeuromorphicArchitecturefor ManipulatorInverseKinematics"

J.BarhenandS.Gulati

NATO-ASI, F66, 179-202,1991

"FastTemporalNeuralLearningUsingTeacherForcing"

N. ToomarianandJ.Barhen

IJCNN, vol. 4, no. S, 817-822, 1991

"An Unpredictable-DynamicsApproachto NeuralIntelligence"

M. Zak

IEEEExpert, 1991

"TerminalChaosfor InformationProcessingin Neurodynamics"

M. Zak

Biol. Cybern,64, 343-351, 1991

"Neurodynamicswith SpatialSelf-Organizations"

M. Zak

Biol. Cybern.65, 121-127,1991

"Accuracyof CGHEncodingSchemesfor OpticalDataProcessing"

D. Casasent,F. Coetzee,S.Natarajan,T. Xu, D. Yu andH.K. Liu

SPIEProc.,vol. 1555,23-33, 1991

"TerminalRepellerSubenergyTunnelingfor FastGlobalOptimization"

B. Cetin, J.BarhenandJ.Burdick

Journalof OptimizationTheory& Applications,1991(inpress)

"LearningaTrajectoryusingAdjoint FunctionsandTeacherForcing"

N. ToomarianandJ.Barhen

NeuralNetworks,vol. 5, no. 1, 1991(in press)

Invited Presentations

"Neural Networks at NASA"

J. Barhen

Invited plenary talk, Fourth European Conference on Neural Networks and Their

Applications: Neuro-Nimes '91, Nimes, France, November 7, 1991

84
Presentations

"Advanced Concepts in Neurocomputing"

J. Barhen

Symposium on Technology Training, Herzelia, Israel, July 18-20, 1991

"Accuracy of CGH Encoding Schemes for Optical Data Processing"

D. Casasent, F. Coetzee, S. Natarajan, T. Xu, D. Yu and H.K. Liu

SPIE Annual Convention, San Diego, CA, July 24-25, 1991

"Bifurcative Optical Pattern Recognition"

H.K. Liu

Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America, San Jose, CA, November 4-9, 1991

"Holographic Lens Design Using the Contact-Screen Method"

F. Peng, A.A.S. Awwal, M.A. Karim and H.K. Liu

Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America, San Jose, CA, November 4-9, 1991

"Adaptive Reconfigurable Interconnects Using an LCTV"

A.A.S. Awwal, A.D. McAulay, J. Wang and H.K. Liu

Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America, San Jose, CA, November 4-9, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Method and Apparatus for Second-Rank Tensor Generation"

H.K. Liu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17512. vol. 15, no. 2, p. 70, February 1991

"Algorithmically Specialized Parallel Architecture for Robotics"

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17632 vol. 15, no. 2, p. 22, February 1991

"Conjugate Gradient Algorithms for Manipulator Simulation"

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17929 vol. 15, no. 4, p. 84, April 1991

"Efficient Computation of Manipulator Inertia Matrix"

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17545 vol. 15, no. 5, p. 70, May 1991

"Parallel-Processing Algorithms for dynamics of Manipulators"

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17718, vol. 15, no. 9, p. 111, September 1991

"Fast Parallel Computation of Manipulator Inverse Dynamics"

A. Fijany and A.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18080 vol. 15, no. 12, p. 89, December 1991

"A Self-amplified Optical Pattern Recognition System"

H.K. Liu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18009 June 19, 1989 (U.S. patent pending)

85
"TheOpticalImplementationof InnerProductNeuralAssociativeMemory"

H.K. Liu

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18491,February14,1991(U.S.patentpending)

"PhotorefractiveCrystalCompressesDynamicRangeof Images"

H.K. Liu

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18098,vol. 15,no.10,p. 37,October1991(U.S.patentpending)

"OpticalComputationof MatricesFromVectors"

H.K. Liu

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17512,vol. 15,no.2,p. 70,February1991(U.S.patentpending)

"TrinaryAssociativeMemoryWouldRecognizeMachineParts"

H.K. Liu, A. Awwal andM. Karim

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17850,vol. 15,no.9, p. 93,September1991(U.S.patentpending)

"OpticalPseudo-colorEncodingof Gray-ScaleImages"

T.H. ChaoandH.K. Liu

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17764,vol. 14,no. 10,p. 59,October1990(U.S.patentpending)

"Liquid-CrystalLight ValveEnhancesEdgesin Images"

T.H. ChaoandH.K. Liu

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17768,vol. 15,no.4, p. 54,April 1991(U.S.patentpending)

"A HighlyParallelArchitecturefor RoboticsComputation"

A. FijanyandA.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17632,vol. 15,no.2, pg.22,February1991(U.S.patentpending)

"SpecialPurposeParallelComputerArchitecturefor Real-TimeControlandSimulationin

RoboticApplications"

A. Fijany andA.K. Bejczy

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17629,vol. 14,no.6, p. 36,June1990(U.S.patentpending)

"MethodandApparatusfor Second-RankTensorGeneration"

H.K. Liu

U.S.PatentNo. 5,005,954,April 9, 1991

"Real-timeOpticalMultipleObjectRecognitionandTrackingSystemandMethod"

T.H. ChaoandH.K. Liu

U. S.PatentNo. 4,924,507,May 8, 1990

"Real-timeImageDifferenceDetectionUsingaPolarizationRotationSpatialLight

Modulator"

T.H. ChaoandH.K. Liu

U. S.PatentNo.4,908,702,May 13,1990

"Real-timePseudo-colorDensityEncodingof anImage"

T.H. ChaoandH.K. Liu

U. S.PatentNo. 5,019,898,May 28, 1991

86
Optical Processing

Publications

"High-Resolution Optical Novelty Filter Using Photorefractive GaAs"

D.T.H. Liu and L.J. Cheng

Opt. Eng. vol. 30, no. 571, 1991

"Optical Processing with Photorefractive Compound Semiconductors"

L.J. Cheng, D.T.H. Liu and K.L. Luke

J. Nonlinear Optics (in press, 1991)

Invited Presentations

"Optical Processing Using Photorefractive InP"

D.T.H. Liu and L.J. Cheng

SPIE Technical Symposium on Nonlinear Optics, Los Angeles, CA, January 21-25, 1991

Presentations

"Image Correlation Using Photorefractive GaAs"

L.J. Cheng, D.T.H. Liu, K.L. Luke and N.S.Z. Kwong

1991 Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, Salt Lake City, UT, March 4--6, 1991

"Acousto-Optic Tunable Imaging Spectrometers"

T.H. Chao, J. Yu, G. Reyes, D. Rider and L.J. Cheng

Proceedings of 1991 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Helsinki,

Espoo, Finland, IEEE 91CH2971-0, p. 585, June 1991

"Optical Implementation of Neocognitron and Its Applications to Radar Signature

Discrimination"

T.H. Chao and W.W. Stoner

1991 Summer SPIE Meeting in San Diego, CA, July 22-26, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Novelty Filtered Optical Correlator"

D.T.H. Liu, T.H. Chao and L.J. Cheng

New Technology Report NPO-18769, October 3, 1991 (filed)

"Liquid Crystal Light Valve Enhances Edges in Images"

T.H. Chao and H.K. Liu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17768, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 54, April 1991

"High Speed Optical Processor for Photorefractive Semiconductors in Interferometric

Configurations"

L.J. Cheng and T.H. Liu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17784, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 40, October 1991

87
"MotionDetection,NoveltyFilteringandTargetTrackingUsinganInterferometric

Techniquewith GaAsPhaseConjugateMirrors"

L.J. ChengandT.H. Liu

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-17773,vol. 15,no. 10,p. 39,October1991

"OpticalInput,OpticalOutput,MorphologicalProcessor"

L.J.Cheng,T.H. ChaoandD.Psaltis

NASA Tech.Brief NPO-18174,February5, 1990(filed)

"OpticalInput,OpticalOutput,MorphologicalProcessor"

L.J.Cheng,T.H. ChaoandD.Psaltis

PatentApplication,678,498,April 1,1991(filed)

"MotionDetection,NoveltyFiltering,andTargetTrackingUsinganInterferometric

Techniquewith GaAsPhaseConjugateMirrors"

L.J.ChengandT.H. Liu

U.S.PatentNo. 5,018,852,May 28, 1991

"OpticalProcessingin III-V andII-VI CompoundSemiconductors"

L.J.ChengandG.O.Gheen

U.S.PatentNo.4,948,212,August14,1990

"SpatialLight Modulationin CompoundSemiconductorMaterials"

L.J.Cheng,G.O.GheenandA. Partovi

U.S.PatentNo.4,898,436,August14,1990

88
Data Storage

Publications

"Partial Grooving in Vertical Block Line Memory"

J.C. Wu, R.R. Katti and H.L. Stadler

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1991 (prepared for submission)

"Magnet-Hall Effect Random Access Memory"

J.C. Wu, R.R. Katti and H.L. Stadler

Accepted for publication, Proceedings of the Technology 2001 Conference, San Jose, CA,

November 1991

"Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

H.L. Stadler, J.C. Wu and R. Katti

Proceedings of the Nonvolatile Memory Technology Review, June 18, 1991

"Major Line Operation in Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

J.C. Wu, R.R. Katti and H.L. Stadler

Joumal of Applied Physics, April 15, 1991

"Minor Loop Operation in Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

J.C. Wu, R.R. Katti and H.L. Stadler

Journal of Applied Physics, April 15, 1991

"Future Nonvolatile Memory and Storage Techniques"

R.R. Katti, J.C. Wu and H.L. Stadler

Proceedings of the Nonvolatile Memory Technology Review, June 18, 1991

Invited Presentations

"Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

H.L. Stadler, J.C. Wu and R. Katti

Nonvolatile Memory Technology Review, Linthicum, MD, June 18, 1991

"Magnet-Hall Effect Random Access Memory -- a Nonvolatile, High Density, High

Speed RAM"

J.C. Wu

Seminar, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, June 7, 1991

"Magnet-Hall Effect Random Access Memory"

J.C. Wu, R.R. Katti and H.L. Stadler

Accepted for presentation at the Technology 2001 Conference, December 1991

"Future Nonvolatile Memory and Storage Techniques"

R.R. Katti, J.C. Wu and H.L. Stadler

Nonvolatile Memory Technology Review, Linthicum, MD, June 18, 1991

89
Patent and New Technology Reports

"Integrated, Nonvolatile, High Speed Analog Random Access Memory"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-17998, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 30, November 1991

"Integrated Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO- 18467, January 9, 1991 (filed)

"Nonvolatile Gallium Arsenide Random Access Memory"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18529, March 19, 1991 (filed)

"Three-Dimensional Magnetic Bubble Memory System"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. BriefNPO-18533, March 27, 1991 (filed)

"New Read Gate Design for Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18615, July 3, 1991 (filed)

"New Memory Cell Write Design for the Micromagnet Hall Effect Random Access Memory

(MHRAM)"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18626, July 3, 1991 (filed)

"New Memory Cell Read-Out Design for the Micromagnet Hall Effect Random Access

Memory (MHRAM)"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18627, July 3, 1991 (filed)

"New Hall Sensor for the Micromagnet Hall Effect Random Access Memory (MHRAM)"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18628, July 3, 1991 (filed)

"Half-State Readback in Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18644, July 3, 1991 (filed)

"Integrated, Nonvolatile, High Speed Analog Random Access Memory"

R.R. Katti, H.L. Stadler and J.C. Wu

Patent Application, 653,378, February 11, 1991 (filed)

9O
Software Engineering and Computer Science

Publications

"Object-Oriented Classification and Hypermedia for Software Reuse: Knowledge Base

Overview"

B. Beckman and M. Summers

JPL Internal Document D-9422 (1991 )

"The ESC: A Hypermedia Encyclopedia of Reusable Software Components"

B. Beckman, W.V. Snyder, S. Shen, J. Jupin, L.V. Warren, B. Boyd and R.C. Tausworthe

Information Systems Prototyping and Evaluation Quarterly Report, JPL Internal Document

D-8770, July 1991

Presentations

"Generating Hypermedia Documents from Frame-based Data"

B. Beckman and J. Jupin

ACM SIGGRAPH '92 (filed)

"The Encyclopedia of Software Components"

B. Beckman, L.V. Warren, J. Jupin, S. Shen and R.C. Tausworthe

Video presentation; abstract in Proceedings of ACM Hypertext '91, Austin TX, December

1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Encyclopedia of Software Components (ESC)"

L. Van Warren and B. Beckman

NASA case no. NPO-18435-1-CU (patent pending)

91
= .
IV. Custom Microcircuits

93

PRI_¢_SD!NGP.4_.,E.F_LA_ riOT F!LMED

Overview

The goals of this program are to develop custom microcircuit technology, also known as

Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) technology, for use in flight and ground

programs. Supporting this effort are activities to investigate the effects of the space

environment, and particularly ionizing radiation, on microcircuits and to develop a space

qualification methodology. Another aspect of the program emphasizes innovative

applications of custom microcircuit technology to image and signal processing and

communications.

1991 Major Technical Achievements

Designed and fabricated a VLSI chip set for an advanced spacebome computer.

The computer features a 16 bit data path based on Sandia's SA3300 Rad board, SEU

resistant microprocessor, which executes the National Semiconductor NSC32016

instruction set. These custom chips for the computer were designed and fabricated

by JPL: Direct memory access coprocessor (DMAC); fault management unit

(FMU); control unit (CU); floating point unit (FPU) (joint project with Sandia).

Designed three complex custom microcircuits with JPL Standard Cell Library and

fabricated at US2 foundry. These circuits are three of six chips required for

proposed single-board SPacebourne Advanced Computing Engine or SPACE 16

capable of supporting science applications aboard EOS and other spacecraft.

Breadboard is now in procurement.

Identified failure mechanisms for Schottky gate GaAs ICs. Test structures were

designed to characterize these mechanisms. A test chip was designed containing

these test structures (over 60 test structures) for Vitesse HgAs II technology. The

test chip layout was submitted to Vitesse and was fabricated on a dedicated run.

Developed an advanced reliability test system with high throughput capability. This

system is being implemented.

Configured a parametric tester comprising HP4062 hardware and the IC-CAP and

ICMS data acquisition software.

95 PREG__OtNG PhGE DLANK L=OT FILk,_D
Custom Microcircuits

Publications

"Real-Time Computing of Optical Flow Using Adaptive VLSI Neuroprocessors"

W.-C. Fang and B.J. Sheu

IEEE International Conference of Computer Design, Cambridge, MA, October 1990

"Test SRAMs for Characterizing Alpha Particle Tracks in CMOS/Bulk Memories"

M.G. Buehler, B.R. Blaes and G.A. Soli

Proc. IEEE 1991 Int. Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, vol. 4, no. 1, March

1991

"The Inverter Matrix: A Vehicle for Assessing Process Quality Through Inverter Parameter

Analysis of Variance"

B.J. Hannaman, M.G. Buehler, J. Chang and H.R. Sayah

Proc. IEEE 1991 Int. Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, vol. 4, no. 1, March

1991

"VLSI Adaptive Image Compression"

W.-C. Fang and B.J. Sheu

Advanced Research in VLSI Conference 1991, Santa Cruz, CA, March 25-27, 1991

"A Neural Network Based VLSI Vector Quantizer for Real-Time Image Compression"

W.-C. Fang, B.J. She and O.T. Chen

IEEE Data Compression Conference, Snowbird UT, April 7-11, 1991

"A Very High Speed Lossless Data Compressor Chip for Space Imaging Applications"

R. Anderson, J. Bowers, W.-C. Fang, D. Johnson, J. Le and R. Nixon

IEEE Data Compression Conference, Snowbird, UT, April 7-11, 1991

"Real-Time High-Ratio Image Compression Using Adaptive VLSI Neuroprocessors"

B.J. Sheu and W.-C. Fang

IEEE 1991 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Toronto,

Ontario, Canada, May 14-17, 1991

"A Neuroprocessor for Real-Time Image Flow Computation"

W.-C. Fang, B.J. Sheu and J.C. Lee

IEEE 1991 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Toronto,

Ontario, Canada, May 14-17, 1991

"A Real-Time VLSI Neuroprocessor for Adaptive Image Compression Based Upon

Frequency-Sensitive Competitive Learning"

W.-C. Fang, B.J. Sheu and O.T. Chen

Intemational Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Seattle, WA, July 9-12, 1991

"Systolic Tree-Searched Vector Quantizer for Real-Time Image Compression"

W.-C Fang, C.-Y. Chang and B.J. Sheu

VLSI Signal Processing, IV, edited by H. Moscovitz, K. Yao, R. Jain, IEEE Press, 1991

96
"Bench-LevelCharacterizationof aCMOSStandard-CellD-LatchUsingAlpha-Particle

SensitiveTestCircuits"

B.R.Blaes,G.A. Soli andM.G.Buehler

IEEETransactionsonNuclearScience,December1991(in press)

"CRRESMicroelectronicTestChip"

Y-SLin, M.G.Buehler,K.P.RayandM.M. Sokoloski

IEEETransactionsonNuclearScience,December1991(in press)

Presentations

"GaAs Reliability"

N. Zamani

DARPA Digital GaAs Insertion Workshop, Reston, VA, April 25, 1991

"GaAs Reliability"

N. Zamani

DARPA Digital GaAs Insertion Workshop, Reston, VA, October 24, 1991

Patent and New Technology Reports

"Five-Segment Interconnection for Electromigration Tests"

D. Hannaman and M. Buehler

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18105, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 18, August 1991

"Cross-Quint-Bridge Resistor"

D. Hannaman, M. Buehler, U. Lieneweg and L. Mantalas

NASA Tech. Brief NPO-18106, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 28, June 1991

97

:i-_i=_= i _ "

V. Appendix

- =

_!___ _i_ .

_ _,JJ ._ ........

CSMT-Caltech Campus Collaborations

H. Atwater

A. Awaal

J. D. Baldeschwieler

J. Bower

J. Burdick

F. Culick

T. Gottschalk

R.H. Grubbs

K. Huang

M. Karim

J.B. Lathrop

N. Lewis

V.M. Lubecke

V. McKoy

T.G. Phillips

J. Pine

D. Psaltis

B.D. Rutledge

W.P. Schaefer

N. Scoville

D.P. Woody

Y.C. Tai

K. Valhala

In situ electron energy loss characterization of

MBE growth technology

Spatial light modulators

Scanning tunneling microscopy research

Neural oscillations in cognitive neuroscience

New methods for global optimization with

application to redundant robots operating in

unstructured environments

Concurrent multi-target-tracking

Nonlinear optical polymers

Super computing algorithms & architecture

Spatial light modulators & neural computation

Parallel universe and concurrent computation

in C++

Surface passiviation and electrochemistry of

III-V compound semiconductor

Adjustable RF tuning elements

Diamond film technology

Development and fabrication SIS mixers for

the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)

Micromachining technology

Neuron culture and electronics development

Optoelectronically implemented neural

network architecture

Adjustable RF tuning elements

Millimeter-wave imaging arrays

Crystal structures of organic nonlinear optical

materials

SIS mixers with improved rf and IF

characteristics for the Owens Valley Radio

Observatory (OVRO)

Micromachining technology

Test chip development for in-vitro testing

Caltech micromachined optical components

Selective-area patterned growth by MOCVD

101

___'N_I_ _i_,, PRECEDING P/_E BLANK NOT FILMED
D. Wertekamp

J. Wu

A. Yariv

N.C. Yeh

S.M. Zhou

J.X. Zmuidzinas

Solid state NMR spectroscopy of hole and

electron gases at semiconductor quantum

wells

Neural network & optical computing

Large-scale processors and algorithms for

neurocomputing and signal analysis based on

CCD technology

High Tc superconductivity

Optical computing & spatial light modulators

Development of Josephson effect array

oscillators and novel receiver designs

102
CSMT m Other Collaborations

S. Ali (Massachusetts Institute of

Technology)

D. Andes (Naval Weapons Center, China

Lake, CA)

P. Bhattacharya, (University of Michigan)

S. Bellenot (Florida State University)

A.A. Bhatti (Memphis State University)

R.A. Buhrman (Cornell University)

G. Buzaki (Rutgers-The State University,

N J)

D. Casasent (Carnegie-Mellon University)

L.T. Cheng (Dupont Co.)

T. Crowe

R.J. Mattauch (University of Virginia)

N. Dagli (University of California, Santa

Barbara)

L.C. Davis (Ford Research Staff, Ford Motor

Co.)

V. K. Decyk (University of California, Los

Angeles)

B. Dunn (University of California, Los

Angeles)

J. East (University of Michigan)

N. Erickson (University of Massachusetts)

J. Essick (Occidental College)

D. Fransen (National Institute of Standards

and Techology)

T.K. Gaylord (Georgia Institute of

Technology)

J. Green (University of Oxford)

A. Grimshaw (University of Virginia)

Mixer analysis

Development of neurocomputing methods for

target detection in cluttered background using

VLSI analog neuroprocessors

Data storage

Time Warp Simulation Technology

Development Task

Neural and analog computing

Tunnel barrier noise properties

In-vivo testing and histology of rat

hippocampi

Computer generated holograms & optical

processing

Hyperpolarizabilities of organics and

organometallics

Planar diodes

Electron waveguides

BEEM research

Particle Simulations

Sol-Gel nonlinear optical materials

Submillimeter-wave mixer analysis

Submillimeter-wave multipliers

Photovoltaic technology

Erbium fiber ring mode-locking

BEEM research

Synthesis of organic and organometallic NLO

materials

Object-oriented Parallel Programming

Paradigms

103
J.Heritage(Universityof California,Davis) Ultra-fastfiber pulsetransmission

G. Hewer(NavalWeaponsCenter,China

Lake,CA)

R. Ihis (Universityof California,Santa

Barbara)

D. Jefferson(Universityof California,Los

Angeles)

P.Kaaret(ColumbiaUniversity)

E.Kollberg (ChalmersUniversity,Sweden)

N. Luhmann(Universityof California,Los

Angeles)

A. Madhuhar(Universityof Southern

California)

Fiberopticallyguidedmissiles

Neuralandanalogcomputing

TimeWarpSimulationTechnology

DevelopmentTask

MicromachinedX-rayopticalcomponents

Submillimeterwavevaractors

Millimeter-waveimagingarrays

MBEgrowthandcharacterizationof lattice

mismatcheddevicesonpatternedsubstrates

R. McNaughton(RensselaerPolytechnic

Institute)

CounterFreeAutomata

R. Mittra

S.Gedney(Universityof Illinois)

ParallelComputationalElectromagnetics

D. Okaya(Universityof SouthemCalifornia) CALCRUSTseismicdatapreparation

S.Reich(McDonnellDouglasCorp.) Spacestationfiberpackaging

D. Rich (Universityof SouthernCalifornia)

RockwellInternationalScienceCenter

J.Sauer(Universityof Colorado)

Cathodoluminescenceandneuro-optical

characterizationof semiconductor

heterojunctionsandnanostructures

Firstdemonstrationof ahybrid HIPdetector

arraybumpbondedtoreadoutelectronics

Hotpotatofibernetwork

L. Schowalter(RensselaerPolytechnic

University)

J.Simpson(AmericanTelephoneand

TelegraphCo.)

Devicetransportandballisticelectron

emissionmicroscopy(BEEM)measurements

Customdopederbiumfiber

E. Soloway(Universityof Michigan)

E.Van Stryland(Universityof Central

Florida)

A. Stubberud(Universityof California,

Irvine)

A.Tanielian(RevtekCorp.)

S.Velsko(LawrenceLivermoreNational

Laboratory)

Empiricalobservationsof programmer

behavior

Passiveopticallimiters,nonlinearopticsof

phthalocyanines

Neuralandanalogcomputing

Datastorage

Nonlinearopticsof bio-organiccrystals

104
A. Weiner(Bellcore,Bell Communications

Research,Inc.)

I. Williams (PennsylvaniaStateUniversity)

D. Williamson(ColoradoSchoolof Mines)

J.Woodall(InternationalBusinessMachine

Corp.,WatsonResearchLaboratory)

C.Yakymyshyn(GeneralElectricCo.)

W. Yamada,K. MacWilliams(Aerospace

Corp.)

P.Yeh (Universityof California,Santa

Barabara)

CDMAphasemaskfabrication

Nonlinearopticsof bio-organiccrystals

Photovoltaictechnology

Strainedlayerhighelectronandholemobility

transistors

Electro-opticorganicsaltcrystals

GaAsReliability

Nonlinearwaveinteractionsandoptical

computing

105
Distinguished Visiting Scientists

Professor Ravindra Althale, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer

Science, George Mason University

- Optical processing and neural networks

Professor Francis T.S. Yu, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania

State University

Optical processing and optical fiber sensors

Professor L. Eric Cross, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State

University

Chaired Professor

Former Director of Materials Research Laboratory

Member of National Academy of Engineering

Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials

Director of the Center for Electro-Optic Research

Optical Fiber Sensors and Optical Neural Networks

Professor Floyd B. Humphrey, Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston

University

Former Professor, Caltech; Chairman of Electrical Engineering and

Professor, Carnegie-Mellon University

- Led development of the Permanent Magnet Twistor Memory

- Originated Vertical Bloch Line (VBL) Memory development in the

United States

- Fellow, IEEE

- 1988 Achievement Award of the IEEE Magnetics Society

- IEEE, outstanding lecturer 1973 to 1977

- General Chairman, 1972 Intermag Conference

Dr. Heinrich Rohrer

- Nobel Laureate 1986

Inventor of scanning tunneling microscopy

Professor M.G. Spencer, Howard University

MBE of High Electronic Mobility Devices

Laser assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

106
Honors and Awards

W.J. Kaiser

M.H. Hecht

A.P. Thakoor

PeterMark Award

Lew Allen Award,semiconductorsurfacephotovoltaic

effects

ThomasR.BenedictMemorialAward

107
Conferences and Workshops Sponsored and/or Hosted by CSMT

Sensor Systems for Space Astrophysics in the 21 st Century, Pasadena, California (January

23-25, 1991)

BEEM Workshop '91, Pasadena, California (January 28, 1991)

Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (March 1991)

S DIO/IST and NTB Computer Networking Workshop (June 1991)

Symposium on Nanostructure and Applications (November 19-20, 1991)

108