PM2.5 SIP

Appendix I

Dispersion Model Files and Documentation

I-1: 20 km Modeled Source Groups

I-2: 150 km Modeled Source Groups

I-3: CALMET Settings

I-4: CALMET Differences from FLM

I-5: CALPUFF Settings

I-6: Battery Flow Rates and Plume Rise Treatment
{This page left blank for printing purposes}
1

[NOTE: Model input and output files can be found on the 

accompanying SIP DVD.]

I-1: 20 km Modeled Source Groups

Source groups within the 20 km domain around the Liberty monitoring site were revised for 

source type, emissions, and locations as necessary. Building parameters were added to sources 

within or adjacent to the Liberty-Clairton Nonattainment Area. All source groups were modeled in 

CALPUFF and subsequently combined with CMAQ modeled results.

Sources as provided in the MANE-VU/CMAQ inventory were modeled throughout the CMAQequivalent receptor grid, and grid averages were subtracted from the CMAQ modeled quarterly 

averages. Sources were then corrected and modeled as the ACHD inventory throughout the 

Liberty and Clairton nearby receptors, and these averages were then added to the CMAQ 

modeled averages.

Since sources within the 20 km domain have the greatest impacts on the Liberty-Clairton area, 

many corrections were made to both the baseline and future projected ACHD nearby inventories 

in order to more accurately simulate dispersion in the area.

Modeled 20 km source groups are given below in alphabetical order by source group (some by 

facility name). File coding for each modeling input file are shown in bullets. Names were kept 8 

characters or less in length, with the 2 characters on the far right indicating the modeling 

timeframe and receptor grid.

 BE = Baseline Case, Equivalent Receptor Grid

 FE = Future Projected Case, Equivalent Receptor Grid

 BN = Baseline Case, Nearby Receptor Grid

 FN = Future Projected Case, Nearby Receptor Grid

Each modeled source group corresponds to 3 modeled files: an input file (*.inp), a list file (*.lst), 

and an output file (*.dat).

AKJ

AKJ Industries (on US Steel Clairton property), minor source not included in the MANE-VU 

inventory but was included in the ACHD inventory as part of PM2.5 RACT analysis.

 AKJBN (also used for future case)

20km Background 

Sources outside the immediate area of Liberty-Clairton. Includes WHEMCO, Galvtech, Bettis, 

etc. Some corrections of coordinates were made to the nearby receptor runs.

 BACKGRBE

 BACKGRBN

 BACKGRFE

 BACKGRFN
2

Clairton Coke Batteries

US Steel Clairton Coke Batteries. These sources were a series of stacks in the MANE-VU 

inventory. They were modeled as buoyant line sources in the ACHD inventory. The proposed C 

Battery was included in the future case, while Batteries 7-9 were removed. For batteries that do 

not change configuration in future case, the base run files were repeated for the future case.

 BATTSBE

 BATTSFE

 BATT1BN (Batteries 1-3) – also used for future case

 BATT7BN (Batteries 7-9) – removed in future case

 BATT13BN (Batteries 13-15) – also used for future case

 BATT19BN (Batteries 19-20)

 BATT19FN (Batteries 19-20)

 BBATTBN

 BBATTFN

 CBATTFN – new in future case

Clairton Boilers

US Steel Clairton Boilers. Emissions and coordinates changed in ACHD inventory nearby runs, 

with building parameters added. No change from base to future for nearby runs.

 CLBLRSBE

 CLBLRSFE

 CLBLRSBN (also used for future case)

Clairton Combustion Stacks

US Steel Clairton Battery Underfire Combustion Stacks. The combustion stacks were modeled 

both as multiple stack source groups and by individual stack. Emissions and coordinates were 

changed in ACHD inventory nearby runs, with building parameters added. Proposed 

modifications were included in future case nearby receptor runs.

 CLCOMBBE

 CLCOMBFE

 CLCOMBBN

 COMB1BN

 COMB2BN

 COMB3BN

 COMB7BN – removed in future case

 COMB8BN – removed in future case

 COMB9BN – removed in future case

 COMB13BN

 COMB14BN

 COMB15BN

 COMB19BN

 COMB20BN

 COMBBBN

 CLCOMBFN

 COMB1BN
3

 COMB2BN

 COMB3BN

 COMB13BN

 COMB14BN

 COMB15BN

 COMB19FN – revised in future case

 COMB20BN

 COMBBFN – revised in future case

 COMBCFN – new in future case

Clairton PEC Baghouses

US Steel Clairton PEC Baghouse Stacks. The PEC baghouse stacks were modeled both as 

multiple-stack source groups and by individual stack. Emissions and coordinates changed in 

ACHD inventory nearby runs, with building parameters were added. Proposed modifications 

included in future case nearby runs.

 CLPECBBE

 CLPECBFE

 CLPECBBN

 PECB1BN (PEC 1-3)

 PECB7BN (PEC 7-9) – removed in future case

 PECB13BN (PEC 13-15)

 PECB19BN (PEC 19-20)

 PECBBBN

 CLPECBFN

 PECB1BN (PEC 1-3)

 PECB13BN (PEC 13-15)

 PECB19BN (PEC 19-20)

 PECBBFN – revised in future case

 PECBCFN – new in future case

Clairton Quenches

US Steel Clairton Quench Towers. Emissions and coordinates changed to ACHD inventory 

nearby runs, building parameters were added. Includes new towers for 5 and 7 in future case. 

Proposed modifications included in future case nearby runs.

 QNCHSBE

 QNCHSFE

 QNCH1BN

 QNCH1FN – revised in future case

 QNCH3BN – removed for future case

 QNCH5BN

 QNCH5AFN – new for future case

 QNCH7BN

 QNCH7AFN – new for future case

 QNCHBBN – also used for future case

 QNCHCFN – new for future case
4

Clairton Fugitives

US Steel Clairton Fugitives (ambient temp.) from the MANE-VU inventory, given as stacks. 

Modeled as specific source types in nearby runs. Battery-temperature fugitives not included 

(included in battery source group).

 CLFUGBE

 CLFUGFE

US Steel Clairton Fugitives, as modeled in ACHD inventory for nearby runs. Includes volume 

sources, area sources, and stacks. Includes minor changes based on C & D modifications.

 CLMATLBN – Misc. material handling (screening, ball mills, conveying, etc.)

 CLMATLFN – Misc. material handling, revised based on new battery configuration

 CLMOBLBN – Heavy duty vehicles and tug boats, with MANE-VU stack since no better 

method for mobile sources

 CLMOBLFN – Heavy duty vehicles and tug boats based on 2008 fuel usage

 CLMISCBN – Misc. sources: cooling towers, SCOT desulfurization, wastewater ammonia 

flare, blasting (same for future case)

 CLROADBN – Industrial plant roads (same for future case)

 CLTRANBN – Coal and coke transfer and pile erosion

 CLTRANFN – Coal and coke transfer and pile erosion, revised based on new battery 

configuration

CP Industries

CP Industries, in McKeesport at Christy Park. Building parameters added to nearby runs.

 CPBE

 CPFE

 CPBN

 CPFN

Dura-Bond

Dura-Bond, in Liberty Borough. Building parameters added to nearby runs.

 DURABDBE

 DURABDFE

 DURABDBN

 DURABDFN

Eastman/Sanyo

Eastman and Sanyo in West Elizabeth.

 EASTMNBE

 EASTMNFE
5

 EASTMNBN

 EASTMNFN

ELG

ELG Metals in Liberty, minor source not included in the MANE-VU inventory but was included in 

the ACHD inventory as part of PM2.5 RACT analysis.

 ELGBN (also used for future case)

Elrama

Reliant Elrama power plant in Union Twp. Nearby runs include corrected condensables for base 

case and projected emissions based on stack tests for future case

 ELRAMABE

 ELRAMAFE

 ELRAMABN

 ELRAMAFN

Edgar Thomson

US Steel Edgar Thomson. Coordinates corrected for nearby runs. Although distant from LibertyClairton, building parameters were available and added to nearby runs.

 ETBE

 ETFE

 ETBN

 ETFN

General Motors

General Motors in West Mifflin. Currently closed as of mid-2009, but kept in the model due to 

unknown future plans for property.

 GMBE

 GMFE

 GMBN

 GMFN

Guardian

Guardian glass in West Elizabeth.

 GUARDNBE

 GUARDNFE

 GUARDNBN

 GUARDNFN
6

Irvin

US Steel Irvin in West Mifflin. Building parameters added for nearby runs.

 IRVBE

 IRVFE

 IRVBN

 IRVFN

Jefferson

Jefferson Hospital in Jefferson Hills. Coordinates were outside the 20 km domain in MANE-VU 

inventory. Added to 20 km domain from the 150 km domain for nearby runs.

 JEFFHSBN

 JEFFHSFN

Kelly Run

Kelly Run landfill in Forward Twp. Coordinates corrected for nearby runs.

 KELLRNBE

 KELLRNFE

 KELLRNBN

 KELLRNFN

Kinder Morgan

Kinder Morgan Terminal in Dravosburg. Also contains Marsh Asphalt in base case (removed 

from future case, due to shut down of source). Coordinates corrected for nearby runs.

 KINDERBE

 KINDERFE

 KINDERBN

 KINDERFN

Koppers

Koppers, adjacent to US Steel Clairton. Coordinates corrected and building parameters added 

for nearby runs.

 KOPPRBE

 KOPPRFE

 KOPPRBN

 KOPPRFN

Liberty Pultrusion

Liberty Pultrusion in West Mifflin.
7

 LIBPULBE

 LIBPULFE

 LIBPULBN

 LIBPULFN

Mon Valley Transportation Center

Mon Valley Transportation Center in Glassport, minor source not included in the MANE-VU 

inventory but was included in the ACHD inventory as part of PM2.5 RACT analysis. Now closed, 

removed in future case.

 MVTCBN (removed in future case)

Mid-Continent

Mid-Continent Coal and Coke in Clairton. Coordinates corrected for nearby runs.

 MIDCONBE

 MIDCONFE

 MIDCONBN

 MIDCONFN

Nash Elmo

Nash Elmo in Lincoln Borough.

 NASHBE

 NASHFE

 NASHBN

 NASHFN

Penn Coil

Penn Coil in Glassport. Plant moved from outside 20 km domain to Glassport 2001. Added to 20 

km domain from the 150 km domain for nearby runs.

 PCOILBN

 PCOILFN

Precoat

Precoat in McKeesport. Coordinates corrected and building parameters added for nearby runs.

 PRECOTBE

 PRECOTFE

 PRECOTBN

 PRECOTFN
8

Clairton Slag

Clairton Slag in West Elizabeth. Emissions corrected to ACHD inventory for nearby runs.

 SLAGBE

 SLAGFE

 SLAGBN

 SLAGFN

UPMC McKeesport

UPMC McKeesport. Coordinates corrected for nearby runs.

 UPMCMCBE

 UPMCMCFE

 UPMCMCBN

 UPMCMCFN
9

I-2: 150 km Modeled Source Groups

Source groups within the 150 km domain for the SW PA modeling area (includes portions of OH, 

WV, and MD) were revised for source type, emissions, and locations as necessary. All source 

groups were modeled in CALPUFF and subsequently combined with CMAQ modeled results.

Sources as provided in the MANE-VU/CMAQ inventory were modeled throughout the CMAQequivalent receptor grid, and grid averages were subtracted from the CMAQ modeled quarterly 

values. Sources were then corrected and modeled as the ACHD inventory throughout the Liberty 

and Clairton nearby receptors, and these averages were then added to the CMAQ modeled 

averages.

Large coal-fired electric generating units (EGUs) were modeled as specific source groups to 

examine their potentially larger impacts in the Liberty-Clairton area. Large emission rates, tall 

stacks, and high temperatures are favorable for long-range transport. Several corrections were 

made to both the baseline and future projected ACHD nearby inventories.

Non-EGU industrial sources and natural gas-only EGUs outside the 20 km domain were generally 

considered to be background sources for primary particulates in the Liberty-Clairton area. 

Therefore, most sources were aggregated into geographic source groups, and little changes were 

made to these emissions or coordinates.

Modeled 150 km source groups are given below in alphabetical order by source group (some by 

facility name). File coding for each modeling input file are shown in bullets. Names were kept 8 

characters or less in length, with the 2 characters on the far right indicating the modeling 

timeframe and receptor grid.

 BE = Baseline Case, Equivalent Receptor Grid

 FE = Future Projected Case, Equivalent Receptor Grid

 BN = Baseline Case, Nearby Receptor Grid

 FN = Future Projected Case, Nearby Receptor Grid

Each modeled source group corresponds to 3 modeled files: an input file (*.inp), a list file (*.lst), 

and an output file (*.dat).

Allegheny Valley

Allegheny Valley sources within Allegheny County. Includes Allegheny Ludlum, Glenshaw Glass, 

etc. Excludes Cheswick EGU. No changes were made for proposed modifications or shutdowns.

 ALGVALBE

 ALGVALBN

 ALGVALFE

 ALGVALFN

Armstrong County

Armstrong County sources. Excludes Keystone and Armstong EGUs. Texas Eastern 

Transmission was moved from Armstrong Co. to Westmoreland Co. for nearby runs.

 ARMSTRBE

 ARMSTRBN
10

 ARMSTRFE

 ARMSTRFN

Beaver County

Beaver County sources. Includes Horsehead, Koppel Steel, Anchor Hocking, etc. Excludes 

Bruce Mansfield and AES Beaver Valley EGUs.

 BEAVRBE

 BEAVRBN

 BEAVRFE

 BEAVRFN

Butler County

Butler County sources. Includes AK Steel, Karns City/Petrolia sources, etc.

 BUTLRBE

 BUTLRBN

 BUTLRFE

 BUTLRFN

EGU Baseline Condensables

Missing EGU condensables from the 2002 baseline MANE-VU inventory, added to the ACHD 

baseline nearby runs. Emissions retrieved from the NEI 2002 inventory by stack and modeled as 

a separate source group.

 EGUCONBN

EGU MANE-VU

EGU sources as listed in the MANE-VU inventory. Condensables were included in the future 

case MANE-VU inventory for most EGUs. For the future case ACHD nearby run, various 

corrections were made to coordinates, emissions, and stacks.

 EGUMVBE

 EGUMVBN

 EGUMVFE

 EGUMVFN

Below are the EGUs lumped into the EGUMV source groups:

 AEP Kammer/Mitchell (WV)

 AEP/Buckeye Cardinal (OH)

 AES Beaver Valley

 Allegheny Energy Armstrong

 Allegheny Energy Fort Martin (WV)

 Allegheny Energy Hatfield’s Ferry

 Edison Homer City

 Fayette Energy (future case only)
11

 First Energy Bruce Mansfield

 First Energy R.E. Burger (OH)

 First Energy W.H. Sammis (OH)

 RRI Energy Cheswick

 RRI Energy New Castle

 RRI Energy Keystone

Fayette County

Fayette County sources. Varying levels of industry. Largest source: Anchor Glass.

 FAYETBE

 FAYETBN

 FAYETFE

 FAYETFN

Greene County

Greene County sources. Varying levels of industry. Largest source: Consol Bailey. Excludes 

Hatfield’s Ferry EGU.

 GREENBE

 GREENBN

 GREENFE

 GREENFN

Lawrence County

Lawrence County sources. Includes Cemex, Essroc, etc. Excludes New Castle EGU.

 LAWRNCBE

 LAWRNCBN

 LAWRNCFE

 LAWRNCFN

Mitchell EGU

Allegheny Energy’s Mitchell Power Plant, Union Twp., Washington Co., just outside 20 km 

domain. Modeled as separate source group due to proximity to Liberty-Clairton area.

 MITCHLBE

 MITCHLBN

 MITCHLFE

 MITCHLFN

Ohio Background

Sources in Belmont and Jefferson Counties, OH. Includes Wheeling Pitt Steel, Titanium Metals 

Corp. Excludes Sammis, Cardinal, and Burger EGUs.
12

 OHIOBE

 OHIOBN

 OHIOFE

 OHIOFN

Ohio Valley

Ohio Valley sources within Allegheny County. Includes Neville Island sources, Leetsdale 

sources, etc. No changes were made for proposed modifications or shutdowns.

 OHIVALBE

 OHIVALBN

 OHIVALFE

 OHIVALFN

Urban Pittsburgh

Urban Pittsburgh sources within Allegheny County. Includes steam boilers, hospitals, light 

industry, etc. No changes were made for proposed modifications or shutdowns.

 URBPGHBE

 URBPGHBN

 URBPGHFE

 URBPGHFN

Washington County

Washington County sources. Includes Washington sources, Charleroi/Donora sources.

 WASHBE

 WASHBN

 WASHFE

 WASHFN

Westmoreland County

Westmoreland County sources. Includes Latrobe sources, Monessen sources, etc.

 WESTMRBE

 WESTMRBN

 WESTMRFE

 WESTMRFN

Western Allegheny County

Western Allegheny County suburban sources. Includes Bridgeville sources, Pittsburgh Intl. 

airport, etc. No changes were made for proposed modifications or shutdowns.
13

 WSUBRBE

 WSUBRBN

 WSUBRFE

 WSUBRFN

West Virginia Background

Sources in the WV Northern Panhandle (Hancock, Brooke, Ohio, and Marshall Counties) and in 

Monongalia County. Largest source: ISG Weirton steel. Excludes Kammer/Mitchell and Fort 

Martin EGUs.

 WVABE

 WVABN

 WVAFE

 WVAFN
14

I-3: CALMET Settings

Key options of the CALMET application and input data preparation were as follows:

INPUT GROUP: 0 -- Input and Output File Names

NUMBER OF UPPER AIR & OVERWATER STATIONS:

 Number of upper air stations (NUSTA) No default NUSTA = 1 

 Number of overwater met stations

 (NOWSTA) No default NOWSTA = 0 

NUMBER OF PROGNOSTIC and IGF-CALMET FILEs:

 Number of MM4/MM5/3D.DAT files

 (NM3D) No default NM3D = 1 

 Number of IGF-CALMET.DAT files

 (NIGF) No default NIGF = 0 

INPUT GROUP: 1 -- General run control parameters

 Starting date: Year (IBYR) -- No default IBYR= 2002 

 Month (IBMO) -- No default IBMO= 1 (or by season for 20 km grid) 

 Day (IBDY) -- No default IBDY= 1 

 Hour (IBHR) -- No default IBHR= 1 

 Note: IBHR is the time at the END of the first hour of the simulation

 (IBHR=1, the first hour of a day, runs from 00:00 to 01:00)

 Base time zone (IBTZ) -- No default IBTZ= 5 

 EST = 05

 Length of run (hours) (IRLG) -- No default IRLG= 8754 (or by season for 20 km grid) 

[NOTE: differences between local standard time (LST) and Greenwich mean time (GMT, -5) led 

to the loss of some hours for use in meteorological processing]

 Run type (IRTYPE) -- Default: 1 IRTYPE= 1 

 1 = Computes wind fields and micrometeorological variables

 (u*, w*, L, zi, etc.)

INPUT GROUP: 2 -- Map Projection and Grid control parameters

 Projection for all (X,Y):

 -------------------------

 Map projection

 (PMAP) Default: UTM PMAP = UTM 

 UTM : Universal Transverse Mercator
15

 UTM zone (1 to 60)

 (Used only if PMAP=UTM)

 (IUTMZN) No Default IUTMZN = 17 

 Hemisphere for UTM projection?

 (Used only if PMAP=UTM)

 (UTMHEM) Default: N UTMHEM = N 

 N : Northern hemisphere projection

 Datum-region

 ------------

 Datum-region for output coordinates

 (DATUM) Default: WGS-84 DATUM = NAR-C 

 NAR-C NORTH AMERICAN 1983 GRS 80 Spheroid, MEAN FOR CONUS (NAD83)

 Horizontal grid definition:

 ---------------------------

 Rectangular grid defined for projection PMAP,

 with X the Easting and Y the Northing coordinate

 No. X grid cells (NX) No default NX = 150 for 150 km grid, 200 for 20 km grid

 No. Y grid cells (NY) No default NY = 150 for 150 km grid, 200 for 20 km grid

 Grid spacing (DGRIDKM) No default DGRIDKM = 1 for 150 km grid, 0.1 for 20 km grid 

 Units: km

 Reference grid coordinate of

 SOUTHWEST corner of grid cell (1,1)

 X coordinate (XORIGKM) No default XORIGKM = 503.400 for 150 km grid, 586.200 for 20 

km grid

 Y coordinate (YORIGKM) No default YORIGKM = 4394.200 for 150 km grid, 4454.100 for 20 

km grid

 Units: km

 Vertical grid definition:

 -------------------------

 No. of vertical layers (NZ) No default NZ = 11 

 Cell face heights in arbitrary

 vertical grid (ZFACE(NZ+1)) No defaults

 Units: m

 ZFACE = 0.,20.,40.,80.,160.,320.,640.,1000.,1500.,2000.,2500.,3000. 

INPUT GROUP: 3 -- Output Options

 DISK OUTPUT OPTION

 Type of unformatted output file:
16

 (IFORMO) Default: 1 IFORMO = 1 

 1 = CALPUFF/CALGRID type file (CALMET.DAT)

 Print interval

 (IPRINF) in hours Default: 1 IPRINF = 1 

INPUT GROUP: 4 -- Meteorological data options

 NO OBSERVATION MODE (NOOBS) Default: 0 NOOBS = 1 

 1 = Use surface and overwater stations (no upper air observations)

 Use MM4/MM5/3D.DAT for upper air data

 NUMBER OF SURFACE & PRECIP. METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS

 Number of surface stations (NSSTA) No default NSSTA = 3 

 Number of precipitation stations

 (NPSTA=-1: flag for use of MM5/3D.DAT precip data)

 (NPSTA) No default NPSTA = 1 

 CLOUD DATA OPTIONS

 Gridded cloud fields:

 (ICLOUD) Default: 0 ICLOUD = 0 

 ICLOUD = 0 - Gridded clouds not used

INPUT GROUP: 5 -- Wind Field Options and Parameters

 WIND FIELD MODEL OPTIONS

 Model selection variable (IWFCOD) Default: 1 IWFCOD = 1 

 0 = Objective analysis only

 1 = Diagnostic wind module

 Compute Froude number adjustment

 effects ? (IFRADJ) Default: 1 IFRADJ = 1 

 (0 = NO, 1 = YES)

 Compute kinematic effects ? (IKINE) Default: 0 IKINE = 0 

 (0 = NO, 1 = YES)

 Use O'Brien procedure for adjustment

 of the vertical velocity ? (IOBR) Default: 0 IOBR = 1 

 (0 = NO, 1 = YES)

 Compute slope flow effects ? (ISLOPE) Default: 1 ISLOPE = 1 

 (0 = NO, 1 = YES)

 Extrapolate surface wind observations

 to upper layers ? (IEXTRP) Default: -4 IEXTRP = -4 

 4 = similarity theory used

 -1, -2, -3, -4 = same as above except layer 1 data

 at upper air stations are ignored
17

 Extrapolate surface winds even

 if calm? (ICALM) Default: 0 ICALM = 0 

 (0 = NO, 1 = YES)

 Layer-dependent biases modifying the weights of surface and upper air stations (BIAS(NZ))

 -1<=BIAS<=1

 Negative BIAS reduces the weight of upper air stations (e.g. BIAS=-0.1 reduces the weight of upper 

air stations

 by 10%; BIAS= -1, reduces their weight by 100 %)

 Positive BIAS reduces the weight of surface stations (e.g. BIAS= 0.2 reduces the weight of surface 

stations

 by 20%; BIAS=1 reduces their weight by 100%)

 

 Zero BIAS leaves weights unchanged (1/R**2 interpolation) Default: NZ*0

 BIAS = -1 , -1 , -1 , -1 , .5 , .8 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 

Minimum distance from nearest upper air station to surface station for which extrapolation of surface 

winds at surface station will be allowed (RMIN2: Set to -1 for IEXTRP = 4 or other situations

 where all surface stations should be extrapolated) Default: 4. RMIN2 = -1.0 

 Use gridded prognostic wind field model output fields as input to the diagnostic

 wind field model (IPROG) Default: 0 IPROG = 14 

 14 = Yes, use winds from MM5/3D.DAT file as initial guess field [IWFCOD = 1]

 Timestep (hours) of the prognostic

 model input data (ISTEPPG) Default: 1 ISTEPPG = 1 

 Use coarse CALMET fields as initial guess fields (IGFMET)

 (overwrites IGF based on prognostic wind fields if any)

 Default: 0 IGFMET = 0 

 RADIUS OF INFLUENCE PARAMETERS

 Use varying radius of influence Default: F LVARY = T

 Maximum radius of influence over land

 in the surface layer (RMAX1) No default RMAX1 = 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

 Units: km

 Maximum radius of influence over land

 aloft (RMAX2) No default RMAX2 = 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

 Units: km

 Maximum radius of influence over water

 (RMAX3) No default RMAX3 = 100. 

 Units: km

 OTHER WIND FIELD INPUT PARAMETERS

 Minimum radius of influence used in

 the wind field interpolation (RMIN) Default: 0.1 RMIN = 0.1 

 Units: km

 Radius of influence of terrain
18

 features (TERRAD) No default TERRAD = 0.5 

 Units: km

 Relative weighting of the first

 guess field and observations in the

 SURFACE layer (R1) No default R1 = 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

 (R1 is the distance from an Units: km

 observational station at which the

 observation and first guess field are

 equally weighted)

 Relative weighting of the first

 guess field and observations in the

 layers ALOFT (R2) No default R2 = 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

 (R2 is applied in the upper layers Units: km

 in the same manner as R1 is used in

 the surface layer).

 Relative weighting parameter of the

 prognostic wind field data (RPROG) No default RPROG = 0. 

 (Used only if IPROG = 1) Units: km

 ------------------------

 Maximum acceptable divergence in the

 divergence minimization procedure

 (DIVLIM) Default: 5.E-6 DIVLIM= 5.0E-06 

 Maximum number of iterations in the

 divergence min. procedure (NITER) Default: 50 NITER = 50 

 Number of passes in the smoothing

 procedure (NSMTH(NZ))

 NOTE: NZ values must be entered

 Default: 2,(mxnz-1)*4 NSMTH = 2 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 

 Maximum number of stations used in

 each layer for the interpolation of

 data to a grid point (NINTR2(NZ))

 NOTE: NZ values must be entered Default: 99. NINTR2 = 

99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 , 99 

 Critical Froude number (CRITFN) Default: 1.0 CRITFN = 1. 

 Empirical factor controlling the

 influence of kinematic effects

 (ALPHA) Default: 0.1 ALPHA = 0.1 

 Multiplicative scaling factor for

 extrapolation of surface observations

 to upper layers (FEXTR2(NZ)) Default: NZ*0.0 

 FEXTR2 = 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0. 

 (Used only if IEXTRP = 3 or -3)

 BARRIER INFORMATION
19

 Number of barriers to interpolation

 of the wind fields (NBAR) Default: 0 NBAR = 0 

 Level (1 to NZ) up to which barriers

 apply (KBAR) Default: NZ KBAR = 11 

 THE FOLLOWING 4 VARIABLES ARE INCLUDED

 ONLY IF NBAR > 0

 NOTE: NBAR values must be entered No defaults

 for each variable Units: km

 X coordinate of BEGINNING

 of each barrier (XBBAR(NBAR)) XBBAR = 0. 

 Y coordinate of BEGINNING

 of each barrier (YBBAR(NBAR)) YBBAR = 0. 

 X coordinate of ENDING

 of each barrier (XEBAR(NBAR)) XEBAR = 0. 

 Y coordinate of ENDING

 of each barrier (YEBAR(NBAR)) YEBAR = 0. 

 DIAGNOSTIC MODULE DATA INPUT OPTIONS

 Surface temperature (IDIOPT1) Default: 0 IDIOPT1 = 0 

 0 = Compute internally from

 hourly surface observations or prognostic fields

 1 = Read preprocessed values from

 a data file (DIAG.DAT)

 Surface met. station to use for

 the surface temperature (ISURFT) No default ISURFT = 1 

 (Must be a value from 1 to NSSTA)

 (Used only if IDIOPT1 = 0)

 --------------------------

 Temperature lapse rate used in the Default: 0 IDIOPT2 = 0 

 computation of terrain-induced

 circulations (IDIOPT2)

 0 = Compute internally from (at least) twice-daily

 upper air observations or prognostic fields

 Upper air station to use for

 the domain-scale lapse rate (IUPT) No default IUPT = -1 

 (Must be a value from 1 to NUSTA)

 (Used only if IDIOPT2 = 0)

 --------------------------

 Depth through which the domain-scale

 lapse rate is computed (ZUPT) Default: 200. ZUPT = 200. 

 (Used only if IDIOPT2 = 0) Units: meters

 --------------------------

 Initial Guess Field Winds

 (IDIOPT3) Default: 0 IDIOPT3 = 0 

 0 = Compute internally from
20

 observations or prognostic wind fields

 Upper air station to use for

 the initial guess winds (IUPWND) Default: -1 IUPWND = -1 

 (Must be a value from -1 to NUSTA, with

 -1 indicating 3-D initial guess fields,

 and IUPWND>1 domain-scaled (i.e. constant) IGF)

 (Used only if IDIOPT3 = 0)

 --------------------------

 Bottom and top of layer through

 which the domain-scale winds

 are computed

 (ZUPWND(1), ZUPWND(2)) Defaults: 1., 1000. ZUPWND= 1., 1000. 

 (Used only if IDIOPT3 = 0, NOOBS>0 and IUPWND>0) Units: meters

 --------------------------

 Observed surface wind components

 for wind field module (IDIOPT4) Default: 0 IDIOPT4 = 0 

 0 = Read WS, WD from a surface

 data file (SURF.DAT)

 Observed upper air wind components

 for wind field module (IDIOPT5) Default: 0 IDIOPT5 = 0 

 0 = Read WS, WD from an upper

 air data file (UP1.DAT, UP2.DAT, etc.)

 LAKE BREEZE INFORMATION

 Use Lake Breeze Module (LLBREZE)

 Default: F LLBREZE = F 

 Number of lake breeze regions (NBOX) NBOX = 0 

 X Grid line 1 defining the region of interest

 XG1 = 0. 

 X Grid line 2 defining the region of interest

 XG2 = 0. 

 Y Grid line 1 defining the region of interest

 YG1 = 0. 

 Y Grid line 2 defining the region of interest

 YG2 = 0. 

 X Point defining the coastline (Straight line)

 (XBCST) (KM) Default: none XBCST = 0. 

 Y Point defining the coastline (Straight line)

 (YBCST) (KM) Default: none YBCST = 0. 

 X Point defining the coastline (Straight line)

 (XECST) (KM) Default: none XECST = 0. 

 Y Point defining the coastline (Straight line)

 (YECST) (KM) Default: none YECST = 0. 
21

 Number of stations in the region Default: none NLB = 0 

 (Surface stations + upper air stations)

 Station ID's in the region (METBXID(NLB))

 (Surface stations first, then upper air stations)

 METBXID = 0 

INPUT GROUP: 6 -- Mixing Height, Temperature and Precipitation Parameters

 EMPIRICAL MIXING HEIGHT CONSTANTS

 Neutral, mechanical equation

 (CONSTB) Default: 1.41 CONSTB = 1.41 

 Convective mixing ht. equation

 (CONSTE) Default: 0.15 CONSTE = 0.15 

 Stable mixing ht. equation

 (CONSTN) Default: 2400. CONSTN = 2400.

 Overwater mixing ht. equation

 (CONSTW) Default: 0.16 CONSTW = 0.16 

 Absolute value of Coriolis

 parameter (FCORIOL) Default: 1.E-4 FCORIOL = 1.0E-04

 Units: (1/s)

 SPATIAL AVERAGING OF MIXING HEIGHTS

 Conduct spatial averaging

 (IAVEZI) (0=no, 1=yes) Default: 1 IAVEZI = 1 

 Max. search radius in averaging

 process (MNMDAV) Default: 1 MNMDAV = 1 

 Units: Grid cells

 Half-angle of upwind looking cone

 for averaging (HAFANG) Default: 30. HAFANG = 30. 

 Units: deg.

 Layer of winds used in upwind

 averaging (ILEVZI) Default: 1 ILEVZI = 1 

 (must be between 1 and NZ)

 CONVECTIVE MIXING HEIGHT OPTIONS:

 Method to compute the convective

 mixing height(IMIHXH) Default: 1 IMIXH = 1 

 1: Maul-Carson for land and water cells

 -1: Maul-Carson for land cells only -

 OCD mixing height overwater

 2: Batchvarova and Gryning for land and water cells

 -2: Batchvarova and Gryning for land cells only

 OCD mixing height overwater

 Threshold buoyancy flux required to

 sustain convective mixing height growth

 overland (THRESHL) Default: 0.05 THRESHL = 0.05 

 (expressed as a heat flux units: W/m3
22

 per meter of boundary layer)

 Threshold buoyancy flux required to

 sustain convective mixing height growth

 overwater (THRESHW) Default: 0.05 THRESHW = 0.05 

 (expressed as a heat flux units: W/m3

 per meter of boundary layer)

 Option for overwater lapse rates used

 in convective mixing height growth

 (ITWPROG) Default: 0 ITWPROG = 0 

 0 : use SEA.DAT lapse rates and deltaT (or assume neutral

 conditions if missing)

 Land Use category ocean in 3D.DAT datasets 

 (ILUOC3D) Default: 16 ILUOC3D = 16 

 Note: if 3D.DAT from MM5 version 3.0, iluoc3d = 16

 if MM4.DAT, typically iluoc3d = 7 

 OTHER MIXING HEIGHT VARIABLES

 Minimum potential temperature lapse

 rate in the stable layer above the

 current convective mixing ht. Default: 0.001 DPTMIN = 0.001 

 (DPTMIN) Units: deg. K/m

 Depth of layer above current conv.

 mixing height through which lapse Default: 200. DZZI = 200. 

 rate is computed (DZZI) Units: meters

 Minimum overland mixing height Default: 50. ZIMIN = 50. 

 (ZIMIN) Units: meters

 Maximum overland mixing height Default: 3000. ZIMAX = 3000. 

 (ZIMAX) Units: meters

 Minimum overwater mixing height Default: 50. ZIMINW = 50. 

 (ZIMINW) -- (Not used if observed Units: meters

 overwater mixing hts. are used)

 Maximum overwater mixing height Default: 3000. ZIMAXW = 3000. 

 (ZIMAXW) -- (Not used if observed Units: meters

 overwater mixing hts. are used)

 OVERWATER SURFACE FLUXES METHOD and PARAMETERS

 (ICOARE) Default: 10 ICOARE = 10 

 0: original deltaT method (OCD)

 10: COARE with no wave parameterization (jwave=0, Charnock)

 Coastal/Shallow water length scale (DSHELF)

 (for modified z0 in shallow water)

 ( COARE fluxes only)

 Default : 0. DSHELF = 0. 

units: km

 COARE warm layer computation (IWARM) IWARM = 0 
23

 1: on - 0: off (must be off if SST measured with

 IR radiometer) Default: 0

 COARE cool skin layer computation (ICOOL) ICOOL = 0 

 1: on - 0: off (must be off if SST measured with

 IR radiometer) Default: 0

 TEMPERATURE PARAMETERS

 3D temperature from observations or

 from prognostic data? (ITPROG) Default:0 ITPROG = 1 

 1 = Use Surface stations (no upper air observations)

 Use MM5/3D.DAT for upper air data

 (only if NOOBS = 0,1)

 Interpolation type

 (1 = 1/R ; 2 = 1/R**2) Default:1 IRAD = 1 

 Radius of influence for temperature

 interpolation (TRADKM) Default: 500. TRADKM = 500. 

 Units: km

 Maximum Number of stations to include

 in temperature interpolation (NUMTS) Default: 5 NUMTS = 5 

 Conduct spatial averaging of temp-

 eratures (IAVET) (0=no, 1=yes) Default: 1 IAVET = 1 

 (will use mixing ht MNMDAV,HAFANG

 so make sure they are correct)

 Default temperature gradient Default: -.0098 TGDEFB = -0.0098 

 below the mixing height over Units: K/m

 water (TGDEFB)

 Default temperature gradient Default: -.0045 TGDEFA = -0.0045 

 above the mixing height over Units: K/m

 water (TGDEFA)

 Beginning (JWAT1) and ending (JWAT2)

 land use categories for temperature JWAT1 = 999 

 interpolation over water -- Make JWAT2 = 999 

 bigger than largest land use to disable

 PRECIP INTERPOLATION PARAMETERS

 Method of interpolation (NFLAGP) Default: 2 NFLAGP = 2 

 (1=1/R,2=1/R**2,3=EXP/R**2)

 Radius of Influence (SIGMAP) Default: 100.0 SIGMAP = 40. 

 (0.0 => use half dist. btwn Units: km

 nearest stns w & w/out

 precip when NFLAGP = 3)

 Minimum Precip. Rate Cutoff (CUTP) Default: 0.01 CUTP = 0.01 

 (values < CUTP = 0.0 mm/hr) Units: mm/hr
24

INPUT GROUP: 7 -- Surface meteorological station parameters

 SURFACE STATION VARIABLES

 1 2

 Name ID X coord. Y coord. Time Anem.

 (km) (km) zone Ht.(m)

 ----------------------------------------------------------

SS1 ='KAGC' 14762 591.261 4467.597 5 15 

SS2 ='KCLN' 99907 595.421 4461.978 5 10 (KCLN used with 20 km grid only)

SS3 ='KLIB' 99964 596.259 4464.373 5 10 

INPUT GROUP: 8 -- Upper air meteorological station parameters

 UPPER AIR STATION VARIABLES

 1 2

 Name ID X coord. Y coord. Time zone

 (km) (km) 

 -----------------------------------------------

US1 ='PIT' 94823 566.046 4486.658 0 

INPUT GROUP: 9 -- Precipitation station parameters

 PRECIPITATION STATION VARIABLES

 1 2

 Name Station X coord. Y coord.

 Code (km) (km)

 ------------------------------------

PS1 ='KPIT' 366993 565.036 4483.584 
25

I-4: Differences of ACHD CALMET Input File Values from EPA-FLM 

Recommended Values

This section summarizes the differences of the ACHD CALMET input file values from 

those recommended values for CALMET input file values as given in the memo 

Clarification on EPA-FLM Recommended Settings for CALMET (EPA, Aug 2009).

• LCFILES – All file names will be converted to lower or upper case. 

EPA-FLM recommends setting this variable to T – lower case

ACHD set this variable to F – upper case

• MREG – Test options specified to see if they conform to regulatory values.

EPA-FLM recommends 1 – Technical options must conform to USEPA guidance

ACHD set this variable to 0 – No checks are made

• PMAP – Map projection.

EPA-FLM recommends LCC – Lambert Conformal Conic

ACHD set this variable to UTM – Universal Transverse Mercator

• IUTMZN – UTM zone (1 to 60).

No EPA-FLM recommendation because EPA-FLM recommends LCC

ACHD set this variable to 17

• DATUM – Datum-region for output coordinates.

EPA-FLM recommends that the user defines this variable, default is WGS-84

ACHD set this variable to NAR-C (North American 1983 GRS 80 Spheroid, 

Mean for Conus NAD83)

• DGRIDKM – Grid spacing in kilometers (km).

EPA-FLM recommends ≥ 4 

ACHD set this variable to 0.1

• NZ – Number of vertical layers.

EPA-FLM recommends 10

ACHD set this variable to 11

• ZFACE – Cell face heights in arbitrary vertical grid [ZFACE(NZ+1)].

EPA-FLM recommends: 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000

ACHD variable array: 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000

• IUVOUT – Layers of U, V wind component to print (IUVOUT(NZ)).

EPA-FLM recommends an array of ten zeros (0)

ACHD set the variable to an array eleven zeros (0)

• IWVOUT – Levels of W wind component to print (IWVOUT(NZ)).

EPA-FLM recommends an array of ten zeros (0)

ACHD set this variable to an array eleven zeros (0)

• ITOUT – Levels of 3-D temps to print (ITOUT(NZ)).

EPA-FLM recommends an array of ten zeros (0)
26

ACHD set this variable to an array eleven zeros (0)

• NN2 – Last time step for which debug data are printed.

EPA-FLM recommends 1

ACHD set this variable to 2

• NZPRN2 – Number of levels, starting at the surface for which debug data are printed.

EPA-FLM recommends 0

ACHD set this variable to 1

• NOOBS – No observation mode.

EPA-FLM recommends 0 – Use surface, overwater, and upper air stations

ACHD set this variable to 1 – Use surface and overwater stations (no upper air 

observations) Use MM4/MM5/3D.DAT for upper air data

• BIAS – Layer-dependent biases modifying the weights of surface and upper air 

stations. (BIAS(NZ)) -1 ≤ BIAS ≤ 1

EPA-FLM recommends an array of ten zeros (0)

ACHD set the variable to an array of four (-1), 0.5, 0.8, five (1)

• LVARY – Use varying radius of influence.

EPA-FLM recommends F – No

ACHD set this variable to T – Yes 

• RMAX1 – Maximum radius (km) of influence over land in the surface layer.

EPA-FLM recommends 100

ACHD set this variable to 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

• RMAX2 – Maximum radius (km) of influence over land aloft.

EPA-FLM recommends 100

ACHD set this variable to 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

• RMAX3 – Maximum radius (km) of influence over water.

EPA-FLM recommends 200

ACHD set this variable to 100

• TERRAD – Radius of influence of terrain features (km).

EPA-FLM recommends 15

ACHD set this variable to 0.5

• R1 – Relative weight of first guess field and observations at surface layer (km).

EPA-FLM recommends 100

ACHD set this variable to 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

• R2 – Relative weight of first guess field and observations in the layers aloft (km).

EPA-FLM recommends 100

ACHD set this variable to 3.0 for 150 km grid, 1.5 for 20 km grid

• NSMITH – Number of passes in the smoothing procedure (NSMTH(NZ)).

EPA-FLM recommends an array of 2, nine (4)

ACHD set the variable to an array of 2, ten (4)

• NINTR2 – Maximum number of stations used in each layer for interpolation of data to 

the grid point (NINTR2(NZ)).

EPA-FLM recommends an array of ten (99)

ACHD set the variable to an array of eleven (99)
27

• KBAR – Level (1 to NZ) up to which barriers apply.

EPA-FLM recommends 10

ACHD set this variable to 11

• IMIXH – Method to compute the convective mixing height.

EPA-FLM recommends -1 – Maul-Carson for land cells only and OCD mixing 

height overwater

ACHD set this variable to 1 – Maul-Carson for land and water cells

• THRESHL – Threshold buoyancy flux required to sustain convective mixing height 

growth overland (W/m3).

EPA-FLM recommends 0.0

ACHD set this variable to 0.5

• ICOARE – Over water surface fluxes method and parameters.

EPA-FLM recommends 0 – original delta T method (OCD)

ACHD set this variable to 10 – COARE with no wave parameterization

(jwave = 0, Charnock)

• ITPROG – 3D temperature from observations of from prognostic data.

EPA-FLM recommends 0 – Use surface and upper air stations 

(only if NOOBS = 0)

ACHD set this variable to 1 – Use surface stations (no upper air observations)

Use MM5/3D.DAT for upper air data (only if NOOBS = 0 or 1)

• JWAT1 – Beginning land use categories for temperature interpolation over water.

EPA-FLM recommends 55

ACHD set this variable to 999

• JWAT2 – Ending land use categories for temperature interpolation over water.

EPA-FLM recommends 55

ACHD set this variable to 999

• SIGMAP – Radius of influence (km) for precipitation.

EPA-FLM recommends 100

ACHD set this variable to 100
28

I-5: CALPUFF Settings

Key options of the CALPUFF application and input data preparation were as follows:

INPUT GROUP: 1 -- General run control parameters:

• IBYR – Starting year of the CALPUFF run (four digits) set to 2002

• IBMO – Starting month set to 1 (January)

• IBDY – Starting day set to 1 

• IBHR – Starting hour (time at end of hour: 00-23) set to 1

• IRLG – Length of the run (hours) set to 8753

[NOTE: differences between local standard time (LST) and Greenwich mean time 

(GMT, -5) led to the loss of some in the meteorological processing]

• NSPEC – Total number of species modeled set to 1

• NSE – Number of species emitted set to 1

• NRESPD – Number of periods in restart output cycle; a restart file that is 

written during the run is refreshed at the end of every cycle set to 0

- 0 = File written only at last period

• METFM – Meteorological data format set to 1

- 1 = CALMET unformatted file (CALMET.DAT)

• MPRFFM – Meteorological profile data format set to 1 

- 1 = CTDM plus tower file (PROFILE.DAT)

• AVET – Averaging time (minutes) PG – σy is adjusted by the equation

(AVET/PGTIME)0.2 set to 60.0

• PGTIME – Averaging time (minutes) for PG – σy set to 60.0

INPUT GROUP: 2 -- Technical Options:

• MGAUSS – Control variable determining the vertical distribution used in the near 

field (0 = Uniform, 1 = Gaussian) set to 1

• MCTADJ – Terrain adjusted method set to 3

- 3 = Partial plume path adjustment

• MCTSG – CALPUFF subgrid scale complex terrain module (CTSG) flag (0 = CTSG 

not modeled, 1 = CTSG modeled) set to 0

• MSLUG – Near-field puffs are modeled as elongated “slugs”? (0 = no, 1 =yes) set to 0

• MTRANS – Transition plume rise modeled? (0 = Only final rise computed, 
29

1 = Transitional rise computed) Note: Transitional plume rise always computed 

for sources subject to building downwash effects. set to 1

• MTIP – Stack tip downwash modeled? (0 = No stack tip downwash, 1 = Use stack tip 

downwash) set to 1

• MBDW – Method used to simulate building downwash? (1 = ISC Method, 

2 = PRIME method) set to 1

• MSHEAR – Vertical wind shear above stack top modeled in plume rise? (0 = Vertical 

wind shear not modeled, 1 = Vertical wind shear modeled) set to 0

• MSPLIT – Puff splitting allowed? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MCHEM – Chemical mechanism flag. Set to 0

- 0 = Chemical transformation not modeled

• MAQCHEM – Aqueous phase transformation flag (Used only if MCHEM = 1 or 3) 

(0 = Aqueous phase transformation not modeled, 1= Transformation rates 

adjusted for aqueous phase reactions) set to 0

• MWET – Wet removal modeled? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MDRY – Dry deposition modeled? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MTILT – Gravitational settling (plume tilt) modeled? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MDISP – Method used to compute the horizontal and vertical dispersion coefficients 

set to 3

- 3 = PG dispersion coefficients used in Rural areas (computed using the ISCST 

multi-segment approximation) and MP coefficients used in Urban areas

• MTURBVW – Sigma-v/sigma-theta, sigma-w measurements used? (Used only if 

MDISP = 1 or 5) set to 3

- 3 = Use both sigma-(v/theta) and sigma-w from PROFILE.DAT to compute 

sigma-y and sigma-z (valid for METFM = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

• MDISP2 – Back-up method used to compute dispersion when measured turbulence 

data are missing (used only if MDISP = 1 or 5) set to 3

- 3 = PG dispersion coefficients used in Rural areas (computed using the ISCST 

multi-segment approximation) and MP coefficients used in Urban areas

• MTAULY – Method used for Lagrangian timescale for sigma-y (used only if MDISP 

= 1, 2 or MDISP2 = 1, 2) set to 0

- 0 = Draxler default 617.284 (s)

• MCTURB – Method used to compute turbulence sigma-v and sigma-w using 

micrometeorological variables (used only if MDISP = 2 of MDISP2 = 2) 

(1 = Standard CALPUFF subroutines, 2 = AERMOD subroutines) set to 1

• MROUGH – PG σv and σw adjusted for surface roughness? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MPARTL – Partial plume penetration of elevated inversion? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 1
30

• MTINV – Strength of temperature inversion provided in PROFILE.DAT extended 

records? (0 = no, computed from measured/default gradients, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MPDF – Probability Distribution Function method used for dispersion in the 

convective boundary layer? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MSGTIBL – Subgrid scale TIBL module used for shoreline? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MBCON – Boundary conditions (concentration) modeled? set to 0

- 0 = No

• MSOURCE – Individual source contributions saved? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• MFOG – Configure for FOG Model output? set to 0 (0=No)

INPUT GROUP: 3a, 3b -- Species list:

• CSPEC – Species names to be modeled (e.g. SO2, NOX, HNO3, PM2.5)

Note: Only one species per line. Any additional species need to follow on a separate line. The 

variable delimiter and group delimiter (END) appears on the end of each line.

CSPEC = PM2.5 

Dry OUTPUT

GROUP

 SPECIES MODELED EMITTED DEPOSITED NUMBER

 NAME (0=NO, 1=YES) (0=NO, 1=YES) (0=NO, (0=NONE,

 (Limit: 12 1=COMPUTED-GAS 1=1st 

CGRUP,

Characters 2=COMPUTED-PARTICLE 2=2nd 

CGRUP,

 in length) 3=USER-SPECIFIED) 3= etc.)

 PM2.5 = 1, 1, 0, 0 

CGRUP is any optional command and is not used, because only PM2.5 is being modeled in 

CALPUFF.

INPUT GROUP: 4 -- Map Projection and Grid control parameters:

• PMAP – Map projection set to UTM

UTM: Universal Transverse Mercator

• IUTMZN – UTM zone (1 to 60) (Used only if PMAP=UTM) set to 17

• UTMHEM – Hemisphere for UTM projection? (Used only if PMAP=UTM) set to N

N: Northern hemisphere projection

• DATUM – The Datum-Region for the coordinates is identified by a character string. 

set to NAR-C

 NAR-C: NORTH AMERICAN 1983 GRS 80 Spheroid, MEAN FOR CONUS (NAD83)

• NX – Number of grid cells in the X direction of the meteorological grid. 
31

set to 200 for 20 km grid and 150 for 150 km grid

• NY – Number of grid cells in the Y direction of the meteorological grid. 

set to 200 for 20 km grid and 150 for 150 km grid

• NZ – Number of vertical layers in the Z direction. set to 11

• DGRIDKM – Grid spacing (km) of the meteorological grid. 

set to 0.1 for 20 km grid and 1.0 for 150 km grid

• ZFACE – Cell face heights (ZFACE(NZ+1)) units (m)

ZFACE = 0.0, 20.0, 40.0, 80.0, 160.0, 320.0, 640.0, 1000.0, 1500.0, 2000.0, 

 2500.0, 3000.0 

• XORIGKM – Reference X coordinate (km) of the southwest corner of grid cell (1,1) 

of the meteorological grid. set to 586.2 for 20 km grid and 503.4 for 150 km grid

• YORIGKM – Reference Y coordinate (km) of the southwest corner of grid cell (1,1) 

of the meteorological grid. set to 4454.1 for 20 km grid and 4394.2 for 150 km grid

• IBCOMP – X index of the lower left corner of the computational grid. set to 1

(1 ≤ IBCOMP ≤ NX)

• JBCOMP – Y index of the lower left corner of the computational grid. set to 1

(1 ≤ JBCOMP ≤ NY)

• IECOMP – X index of upper right corner of the computational grid. set to 200 for 

20 km grid and 150 for 150 km grid (1 ≤ IECOMP ≤ NX)

• JECOMP – Y index of the upper right corner of the computational grid. set to 200 for 

20 km grid and 150 for 150 km grid (1 ≤ JECOMP ≤ NY)

• LSAMP – Flag indicating if an array of gridded receptors (i.e. sampling grid) is used 

(T = yes, F = no) set to F

• IBSAMP – X index of lower left corner of the sampling grid. set to 0

(IBCOMP ≤ IBSAMP ≤ IECOMP)

• JBSAMP – Y index of lower left corner of the sampling grid. set to 0

(JBCOMP ≤ JBSAMP ≤ JECOMP)

• IESAMP – X index of upper right corner of the sampling grid. set to 0

(IBCOMP ≤ IESAMP ≤ IECOMP)

• JESAMP – Y index of upper right corner of the sampling grid. set to 0

(JBCOMP ≤ JESAMP ≤ JECOMP)

• MESHDN – Nesting factor of the sampling grid. set to 1 

(MESHDN ≥ 1). The grid spacing of the sampling grid is DGRIDKM/MESHDN. 

The number of sampling grid points is NXSAM * NYSAM, where 

NXSAM = MESHDN * (IESAMP – IBSAMP) + 1

NYSAM = MESHDN * (JESAMP – JBSAMP) + 1

INPUT GROUP: 5 -- Output Options:
32

• ICON – Control variable for creation of an output disk file (CONC.DAT) containing 

concentration fields (species stored in this file are controlled by the output species table described 

below). (0 = Do not create CONC.DAT, 1 = Create CONC.DAT) set to 1

INPUT GROUP: 6a, 6b, & 6c -- Subgrid scale complex terrain inputs:

Input Group 6a – General CTSG Parameters

• NHILL – Number of subgrid scale terrain features. set to 0

• NCTREC – Number of special subgrid scale complex terrain receptors. set to 0

• MHILL – Terrain and receptor data for CTSG hills input in CTDM format? (1 = Data 

created by CTDM processes and read from HILL.DAT and HILLRCT.DAT files, 

2 = Hill data created by OPTHILL & input below in Subgroup 6b; Receptor data 

in Subgroup 6c) set to 2

INPUT GROUP: 7 -- Dry Deposition Parameters - Gases:

The dry deposition of PM2.5 is set to 0; therefore there is no input for group 7.

INPUT GROUP: 8 -- Dry Deposition Parameters - Particles:

The dry deposition of PM2.5 is set to 0; therefore there is no input for group 8.

INPUT GROUP: 9 -- Miscellaneous Dry Deposition Parameters:

• RCUTR – Reference cuticle resistance (s/cm) set to 30.0

• RGR – Reference ground resistance (s/cm) set to 10.0

• REACTR – Reference pollutant reactivity set to 8.0

• NINT – Number of particle-size intervals used to evaluate effective particle deposition 

velocity set to 9

• IVEG – Flag specifying the state of vegetation in unirrigated areas set to 1

- 1 = Vegetation is active and unstressed

- 2 = Vegetation is active and stressed

- 3 = Vegetation is inactive

INPUT GROUP: 10 -- Wet Deposition Parameters:

The wet deposition of PM2.5 is set to 0; therefore there is no input for group 10.

INPUT GROUP: 11 -- Chemistry Parameters:

• RNITE1 – Nighttime SO2 loss rate in percent/hour set to 0.2
33

• RNITE2 – Nighttime NOx loss rate in percent/hour set to 2.0

• RNITE3 – Nighttime HNO3 formation rate in percent/hour set to 2.0

INPUT GROUP: 12 -- Dispersion Computational Parameters:

• SYTDEP – Horizontal size of a puff (m) beyond which the time-dependent dispersion 

equation of Heffter (1965) set to 550

• MHFTRZ – Use Heffter formulas for σz? (0 = no, 1 = yes) set to 0

• JSUP – Stability class used to determine dispersion rates for puffs above the boundary 

layer (e.g. 6 = F stability) set to 5

• CONK1 – Vertical dispersion constant for stable conditions set to 0.01

• CONK2 – Vertical dispersion constant for neutral/unstable conditions set to 0.1

• TBD – Factor for determining transition-point from Schulman-Scire to Huber-Snyder 

Building Downwash scheme (SS used for HS < Hb + TBD*HL) set to 0.5

- TBD = 0.5 ISC transition-point

• IURB1/IURB2 – Land use categories associated with urban areas. If MDISP = 3 or 4, MP 

dispersion coefficients are used when puff is over land use type IURB1 through IURB2. IURB1 

set to 10 and IURB2 set to 19

Site Characterization Parameters for Single-point met. data files

• ILANDUIN – Land use category for modeling domain set to 20

• Z0IN – Roughness length (m) for modeling domain set to 0.25

• XLAIIN – Leaf area index for modeling domain set to 3.0

• ELEVIN – Elevation (m) above sea level 0.0

• XLATIN – North Latitude (deg) of station; positive for the northern hemisphere, 

negative for the southern hemisphere set to -999

• XLONIN – West Longitude (deg) of station; positive west of 0.0, negative east of 0.0 

set to -999

• XMXLEN – Maximum length of an emitted slug (in met. grid units) set to 1.0

• XSAMLEN – Maximum travel distance of a slug or puff (in met. grid units) during 

one sampling step set to 1.0

• MXNEW – Maximum number of puffs or slugs released from one source during 

one time step set to 99 

• MXSAM – Maximum number of sampling steps during one time step for a puff or 

slug set to 99

• NCOUNT – Number or iterations used when computing the transport wind for a 

sampling step that includes transitional plume rise set to 2
34

• SYMIN – Minimum σy (m) a new puff or slug set to 1.0

• SZMIN – Minimum σz (m) a new puff or slug set to 1.0

• SVMIN – Minimum turbulence velocity (m/s) σv for each stability class over land and 

water 

• SWMIN – Minimum turbulence velocity (m/s) σw for each stability class over land 

and water

 -- ---------- LAND ------------ ----------- WATER -----------

Stab Class : A B C D E F A B C D E F

 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

 SVMIN : .50, .50, .50, .50, .50, .50, .37, .37, .37, .37, .37, .37

 SWMIN : .20, .12, .08, .06, .03, .016, .20, .12, .08, .06, .03, .016

• CDIV1/CDIV2 – Divergence criterion for dw/dz in met cell used to initiate adjustment 

for horizontal convergence (1/s). Partial adjustment starts at CDIV1, and full 

adjustment is reached at CDIV2. CDIV1 set to 0.0 and CDIV2 set to 0.0

• WSCALM – Minimum wind speed (m/s) allowed for non-calm conditions. Wind speeds less 

than WSCALM will be considered as “calm” by the model. WSCALM is also used as the 

minimum speed returned from the power law extrapolation of the wind speed toward the surface. 

set to 0.5

• XMAXZI – Maximum mixing height (m) set to 3000.0

• XMINZI – Minimum mixing height (m) set to 50.0

• WSCAT – Upper bounds on the first 5 wind speed classes (m/s). The last class has no 

upper limit set to 1.54, 3.09, 5.14, 8.23, and 10.80

• PLX0 – Wind speed profile power-law exponents for stabilities A-F set to 0.07, 0.07, 

0.10, 0.15, 0.35, and 0.55

• PLG0 – Potential temperature gradient (deg. k/m) for stability classes E and F set to 

0.020 and 0.035

• PPC – Default plume path coefficients for each stability class (used when option for partial 

plume height terrain adjustment is selected, MCTADJ = 3) set to 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.50, 0.35, 0.35

• SL2PF – Slug-to-puff transition criterion factor (max σy/slug length before transition 

to puff) set to 10.0

Puff-Splitting Control Variables

• NSPLIT – Number of puffs that result every time a puff is split set to 3

• IRESPLIT – Time(s) of a day when split puffs are eligible to be split again; this is typically set 

once per day, around sunset before nocturnal shear develops. 24 values: 0 is midnight (00:00) and 

23 is 11pm (23:00) set to 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0

- 0 = Do not re-split

• ZISPLIT – Split is allowed only if last hour’s mixing height (m) exceeds this 

minimum value set to 100.0
35

• ROLDMAX – Split is allowed only if ratio of last hour’s mixing height to the maximum mixing 

height experienced by the puffs is less than this maximum value (This postpones a split until a 

nocturnal layer develops) set to 0.25

• NSPLITH – Number of puffs that result every time a puff is split set to 5

• SYSPLITH – Minimum σy (Grid Cell Units) of puff before it may be split set to 1.0

• SHSPLITH – Minimum puff elongation rate (SYSPLITH/hr) due to wind shear, before it may 

be split set to 2.0

• CNSPLITH – Minimum concentration (g/m**3) of each species in puff before it may 

be split set to 1.0E-7

Integration Control Variables

• EPSSLUG – Fractional convergence criterion for numerical SLUG sampling 

integration set to 1.0E-4

• EPSAREA – Fractional convergence criterion for numerical AREA source integration 

set to 1.0E-6

• DRISE – Trajectory step length (m) used for numerical rise integration set to 1.0

Boundary Condition Puff Control Variables

• RSAMPBC – Search radius (km) about a receptor for sampling nearest BC puff. BC puffs are 

typically emitted with a spacing of one grid cell length, so the search should be greater than 

DGRIDKM set to 10.0

• MDEPBC – Near-Surface depletion adjustment to concentration profile used when sampling 

BC puffs? (0 = Concentration is NOT adjusted for depletion, 1 = Adjust concentration for 

depletion) set to 1
36

I-6: Battery Flow Rates and Plume Rise Treatment

BATTERIES 1-3 Fugitive Emission Flow Rates

Charging 3 x 737.4 m3/hr = 2212.2 m3/hr

Charges: 4 min/charge x 11 charges/hr = 44 min/hr 

2212.2 m3/hr ÷ 44 min charge/hr = 50.28 m3/min = 0.84 m3/s

Door Leaks 3 x 6490.2 m3/hr = 19470.6 m3/hr = 5.41 m3/s

Lid Leaks 3 x 737.4 m3/hr = 2212.2 m3/hr = 0.61 m3/s

Off-Take Leaks3 x 1253.4 m3/hr = 3760.2 m3/hr = 1.04 m3/s

Pushing 235746 m3/hr 

1 min/push x 11 pushes/hr = 11 min/hr

235746 m3/hr ÷ 11 min/hr = 21431.5 m3/min = 357.19 m3/s

Travel Car 86430 m3/hr 

3 min travel/push x 11 pushes/hr = 33 min/hr

86430 m3/hr ÷ 33 min/hr = 2619.09 m3/min = 43.65 m3/s

Decarbonizing 4263.6 m3/hr = 1.18 m3/s

TOTAL FLOW 409.92 m3/s
37

BATTERIES 7-9 Fugitive Emission Flow Rates

Charging 3 x 782.4 m3/hr = 2347.2 m3/hr

Charges: 4 min/charge x 11 charges/hr = 44 min/hr 

2347.2 m3/hr ÷ 44 min charge/hr = 53.35 m3/min = 0.89 m3/s

Door Leaks 3 x 6882.2 m3/hr = 20647.8 m3/hr = 5.74 m3/s

Lid Leaks 3 x 782.4 m3/hr = 2347.2 m3/hr = 0.65 m3/s

Off-Take Leaks3 x 782.4 m3/hr = 2347.2 m3/hr = 0.65 m3/s

Pushing 238596 m3/hr 

1 min/push x 11 pushes/hr = 11 min/hr

238596 m3/hr ÷ 11 min/hr = 21690.54 m3/min = 361.51 m3/s

Travel Car 87300 m3/hr 

3 min travel/push x 11 pushes/hr = 33 min/hr

87300 m3/hr ÷ 33 min/hr = 2645.45 m3/min = 44.09 m3/s

Decarbonizing 4274.4 m3/hr = 1.19 m3/s

TOTAL FLOW 414.72 m3/s
38

BATTERIES 13-15 Fugitive Emission Flow Rates

Charging 3 x 789.4 m3/hr = 2367 m3/hr

Charges: 4 min/charge x 10 charges/hr = 40 min/hr 

2367 m3/hr ÷ 40 min charge/hr = 59.18 m3/min = 0.99 m3/s

Door Leaks 3 x 1341.6 m3/hr = 4024.8 m3/hr = 1.12 m3/s

Lid Leaks 3 x 3552 m3/hr = 10656 m3/hr = 2.96 m3/s

Off-Take Leaks3 x 789 m3/hr = 2367 m3/hr = 0.66 m3/s

Pushing 238596 m3/hr 

1 min/push x 10 pushes/hr = 10 min/hr

238596 m3/hr ÷ 10 min/hr = 23859.6 m3/min = 397.66 m3/s

Travel Car 111869 m3/hr 

3 min travel/push x 10 pushes/hr = 30 min/hr

111869 m3/hr ÷ 30 min/hr = 3728.9 m3/min = 62.15 m3/s

Decarbonizing 5394.6 m3/hr = 1.50 m3/s

TOTAL FLOW 467.04 m3/s
39

BATTERIES 19-20 Fugitive Emission Flow Rates

Charging 2 x 1341.6 m3/hr = 2683.2 m3/hr

Charges: 4 min/charge x 10 charges/hr = 40 min/hr 

2683.2 m3/hr ÷ 40 min charge/hr = 67.08 m3/min = 1.12 m3/s

Door Leaks 11808.6 m3/hr + 6038.4 m3/hr = 17847 m3/hr = 4.96 m3/s

Lid Leaks 2 x 1341.6 m3/hr = 2683.2 m3/hr = 0.75 m3/s

Off-Take Leaks2 x 2281.2 m3/hr = 4562.4 m3/hr = 1.27 m3/s

Pushing 238596 m3/hr 

1 min/push x 10 pushes/hr = 10 min/hr

238596 m3/hr ÷ 10 min/hr = 23859.6 m3/min = 397.66 m3/s

Travel Car 98118 m3/hr 

3 min travel/push x 10 pushes/hr = 30 min/hr

98118 m3/hr ÷ 30 min/hr = 1635.3 m3/min = 27.26 m3/s

Decarbonizing 4947.6 m3/hr = 1.37 m3/s

TOTAL FLOW 434.39 m3/s
40

BATTERY B Fugitive Emission Flow Rates

Charging 2128.8 m3/hr

Charges: 4 min/charge x 4 charges/hr = 16 min/hr 

2128.8 m3/hr ÷ 16 min charge/hr = 133.05 m3/min = 2.22 m3/s

Door Leaks 9578.4 m3/hr = 2.66 m3/s

Lid Leaks 2128.8 m3/hr = 0.59 m3/s

Off-Take Leaks3618.6 m3/hr = 1.01 m3/s

Pushing 87366 m3/hr 

1 min/push x 4 pushes/hr = 4 min/hr

87366 m3/hr ÷ 4 min/hr = 21841.5 m3/min = 364.03 m3/s

Travel Car 82998 m3/hr 

3 min travel/push x 4 pushes/hr = 12 min/hr

82998 m3/hr ÷ 12 min/hr = 6916.5 m3/min = 115.28 m3/s

Decarbonizing 4227 m3/hr = 1.17 m3/s

TOTAL FLOW 486.96 m3/s
41

Plume Rise treatment for coke oven fugitive emissions

The coke oven fugitive emissions leave the battery with an enormous plume rise. 

Plume rise values of over 900 feet are normal for this source. this plume rise is 

dependant of two factors -- the buoyancy of these hot gases, and the momentum 

of this amount of emissions leaving the batteries.

The batteries create an immense buoyancy due to the heat transfer from the 

large heated surface to the atmosphere. A paper "Ambient Air Concentration 

Estimates from Coke Oven Emissions at the U.S. Steel Clairton Coke Works", 

(D.E.Layland, J.B.Mersch, SRAB/MDAD/OAQPS/EPA, March 1985) gives and 

extensive discussion on buoyancy calculations for the Clairton batteries. An 

estimate of a volumetric flow rate based on the thermal air motion is provided in 

this document, and average temperatures of the batteries are provided. Battery 

B was not included in this document: it was calculated in a similar manner. An 

estimate of the buoyancy then can be calculated:

Batteries Volume Flow Door Temp Atm Temp FPrime = 

(m3/s) K K 9.81(vol.flow)(Ts-Ta)/Ta

_____________________________________________________________________________

1,2,3 900 500 300 3532.

7,8,9 900 500 300 3532.

13,14,15 870 500 300 3414.

19,20 820 500 300 3218.

B 690 500 300 2708.

 

There are a number of emission points on a battery line, however they are all 

caught together into one massive volume of heat and gases expelling the battery. 

A reasonable approximation of the activities of the batteries can be made by 

treating all the emission areas together as one line source. The battery 

emissions themselves add to the momentum that would be assist in the rise of 

the plume. Calculations of each batteries emission point exhaust rates are 

included on the next several pages. B Battery buoyancies were used for the 

proposed C Battery.

These two actions, the discharge of emissions and the heat transfer of the 

batteries, are two separate actions, yet they both react on the plume rise. The 

buoyancy of the plume can them be estimated from the addition of these two 

components.
42

Batteries Buoyancy from Buoyancy from Total Buoyancy

Emissions battery surface

________________________________________________________________

1,2,3 3066. 3532. 6598.

7,8,9 3102. 3532. 6634.

13,14,15 3494. 3414. 6908.

19,20 3249. 3218. 6467.

B 3643. 2708. 6351.

C 3643. 2708. 6351.

This total buoyancy term was used in the BLP model to calculate the 

contributions of the batteries on the receptors in the overall attainment model.