110TH CONGRESS REPT. 110–218 " ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1st Session Part I 

COURT SECURITY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2007 

JULY 10, 2007.—Ordered to be printed 

Mr. CONYERS, from the Committee on the Judiciary, 

submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany H.R. 660] 

[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office] 

The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the bill 

(H.R. 660) to amend title 18, United States Code, to protect judges, 

prosecutors, witnesses, victims, and their family members, and for 

other purposes, having considered the same, reports favorably 

thereon with an amendment and recommends that the bill as 

amended do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

The Amendment ...................................................................................................... 1 

Purpose and Summary ............................................................................................ 8 

Background and Need for the Legislation ............................................................. 8 

Hearings ................................................................................................................... 11 

Committee Consideration ........................................................................................ 11 

Committee Votes ...................................................................................................... 12 

Committee Oversight Findings ............................................................................... 12 

New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures ...................................................... 12 

Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate .......................................................... 12 

Performance Goals and Objectives ......................................................................... 16 

Constitutional Authority Statement ...................................................................... 16 

Advisory on Earmarks ............................................................................................. 16 

Section-by-Section Analysis .................................................................................... 16 

Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported ..................................... 19 

Committee Jurisdiction Letters .............................................................................. 32 

THE AMENDMENT

The amendment is as follows: 

Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the following: 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Court Security Improvement Act of 2007’’. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
2 

TITLE I—JUDICIAL SECURITY IMPROVEMENTS 

AND FUNDING 

SEC. 101. JUDICIAL BRANCH SECURITY REQUIREMENTS. 

(a) ENSURING CONSULTATION WITH THE JUDICIARY.—Section 566 of title 28, 

United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(i) The Director of the United States Marshals Service shall consult with the 

Judicial Conference of the United States on a continuing basis regarding the security requirements for the judicial branch of the United States Government, to ensure that the views of the Judicial Conference regarding the security requirements 

for the judicial branch of the Federal Government are taken into account when determining staffing levels, setting priorities for programs regarding judicial security, 

and allocating judicial security resources. In this paragraph, the term ‘judicial security’ includes the security of buildings housing the judiciary, the personal security 

of judicial officers, the assessment of threats made to judicial officers, and the protection of all other judicial personnel. The United States Marshals Service retains 

final authority regarding security requirements for the judicial branch of the Federal Government.’’. 

(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 331 of title 28, United States Code, is 

amended by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘The Judicial Conference shall consult with the Director of United States Marshals Service on a continuing basis regarding the security requirements for the judicial branch of the United States Government, to ensure that the views of the Judicial Conference regarding the security requirements for the judicial branch of the 

Federal Government are taken into account when determining staffing levels, setting priorities for programs regarding judicial security, and allocating judicial security resources. In this paragraph, the term ‘judicial security’ includes the security 

of buildings housing the judiciary, the personal security of judicial officers, the assessment of threats made to judicial officers, and the protection of all other judicial 

personnel. The United States Marshals Service retains final authority regarding security requirements for the judicial branch of the Federal Government.’’. 

SEC. 102. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE REPORTS. 

Section 105(b)(3) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App) is 

amended by striking subparagraph (E). 

SEC. 103. PROTECTION OF UNITED STATES TAX COURT. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 566(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by 

striking ‘‘and the Court of International Trade’’ and inserting ‘‘, the Court of International Trade, and any other court, as provided by law’’. 

(b) INTERNAL REVENUE CODE.—Section 7456(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 

1986 (relating to incidental powers of the Tax Court) is amended in the matter following paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end, and inserting ‘‘and may otherwise provide for the security of the Tax Court, including the personal protection 

of Tax Court judges, court officers, witnesses, and other threatened person in the 

interests of justice, where criminal intimidation impedes on the functioning of the 

judicial process or any other official proceeding.’’. 

SEC. 104. ADDITIONAL AMOUNTS FOR UNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE TO PROTECT THE 

JUDICIARY. 

In addition to any other amounts authorized to be appropriated for the United 

States Marshals Service, there are authorized to be appropriated for the United 

States Marshals Service to protect the judiciary, $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 

2008 through 2013 for—

(1) hiring entry-level deputy marshals for providing judicial security; 

(2) hiring senior-level deputy marshals for investigating threats to the judiciary and providing protective details to members of the judiciary and assistant 

United States attorneys; and 

(3) for the Office of Protective Intelligence, for hiring senior-level deputy 

marshals, hiring program analysts, and providing secure computer systems. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
3 

TITLE II—CRIMINAL LAW ENHANCEMENTS TO 

PROTECT JUDGES, FAMILY MEMBERS, AND 

WITNESSES 

SEC. 201. PROTECTIONS AGAINST MALICIOUS RECORDING OF FICTITIOUS LIENS AGAINST 

FEDERAL JUDGES AND FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS. 

(a) OFFENSE.—Chapter 73 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 

at the end the following: 

‘‘§ 1521. Retaliating against a Federal judge or Federal law enforcement officer by false claim or slander of title 

‘‘Whoever files, attempts to file, or conspires to file, in any public record or in 

any private record which is generally available to the public, any false lien or encumbrance against the real or personal property of an individual described in section 1114, on account of the performance of official duties by that individual, knowing or having reason to know that such lien or encumbrance is false or contains any 

materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation, shall be fined 

under this title or imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.’’. (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The chapter analysis for chapter 73 of title 18, 

United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item: 

‘‘1521. Retaliating against a Federal judge or Federal law enforcement officer by false claim or slander of title.’’. 

SEC. 202. PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUALS PERFORMING CERTAIN OFFICIAL DUTIES. 

(a) OFFENSE.—Chapter 7 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 

at the end the following: 

‘‘§ 119. Protection of individuals performing certain official duties 

‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—Whoever knowingly makes restricted personal information 

about a covered official, or a member of the immediate family of that covered official, publicly available— ‘‘(1) with the intent to threaten, intimidate, or incite the commission of a 

crime of violence against that covered official, or a member of the immediate 

family of that covered official; or ‘‘(2) with the intent and knowledge that the restricted personal information 

will be used to threaten, intimidate, or facilitate the commission of a crime of 

violence against that covered official, or a member of the immediate family of 

that covered official, 

shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both. ‘‘(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— ‘‘(1) the term ‘restricted personal information’ means, with respect to an individual, the Social Security number, the home address, home phone number, 

mobile phone number, personal email, or home fax number of, and identifiable 

to, that individual; ‘‘(2) the term ‘covered official’ means— ‘‘(A) an individual designated in section 1114; 

‘‘(B) a grand or petit juror, witness, or other officer in or of, any court 

of the United States, or an officer who may be serving at any examination 

or other proceeding before any United States magistrate judge or other 

committing magistrate; 

‘‘(C) a public safety officer (as that term is defined in section 1204 of 

the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968) who is employed 

by a public agency that receives Federal financial assistance; and 

‘‘(D) a paid informant or any witness in a Federal criminal investigation or prosecution or in a State criminal investigation or prosecution of an 

offense that is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce; 

‘‘(3) the term ‘crime of violence’ has the meaning given the term in section 

16; and 

‘‘(4) the term ‘immediate family’ has the meaning given the term in section 

115(c)(2).’’. 

(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 7 

of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new 

item: 

‘‘119. Protection of individuals performing certain official duties.’’. 

SEC. 203. PROHIBITION OF POSSESSION OF DANGEROUS WEAPONS IN FEDERAL COURT FACILITIES. 

Section 930(e)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting ‘‘or 

other dangerous weapon’’ after ‘‘firearm’’. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
4 

SEC. 204. CLARIFICATION OF VENUE FOR RETALIATION AGAINST A WITNESS. 

Section 1513 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 

the following: 

‘‘(g) A prosecution under this section may be brought in the district in which 

the official proceeding (whether pending, about to be instituted, or completed) was 

intended to be affected, or in which the conduct constituting the alleged offense occurred.’’. 

SEC. 205. MODIFICATION OF TAMPERING WITH A WITNESS, VICTIM, OR AN INFORMANT OFFENSE. 

(a) CHANGES IN PENALTIES.—Section 1512 of title 18, United States Code, is 

amended—

(1) so that subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(3) reads as follows: 

‘‘(A) in the case of a killing, the punishment provided in sections 1111 and 

1112;’’; 

(2) in subsection (a)(3)—

(A) in the matter following clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) by striking 

‘‘20 years’’ and inserting ‘‘30 years’’; and 

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘10 years’’ and inserting ‘‘20 

years’’; 

(3) in subsection (b), by striking ‘‘ten years’’ and inserting ‘‘20 years’’; and 

(4) in subsection (d), by striking ‘‘one year’’ and inserting ‘‘3 years’’. 

SEC. 206. MODIFICATION OF RETALIATION OFFENSE. 

Section 1513 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(1)(B)—

(A) by inserting a comma after ‘‘probation’’; and 

(B) by striking the comma which immediately follows another comma; 

(2) in subsection (a)(2)(B), by striking ‘‘20 years’’ and inserting ‘‘30 years’’; 

(3) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by inserting a comma after ‘‘probation’’; and 

(ii) by striking the comma which immediately follows another 

comma; and 

(B) in the matter following paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘ten years’’ and 

inserting ‘‘20 years’’; and 

(4) by redesignating the second subsection (e) as subsection (f). 

SEC. 207. GENERAL MODIFICATIONS OF FEDERAL MURDER CRIME AND RELATED CRIMES. 

Section 1112(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking ‘‘United States,’’ and inserting ‘‘United States—’’; 

(2) by striking ‘‘Whoever is guilty of voluntary manslaughter,’’ and inserting 

the following: 

‘‘(1) subject to paragraph (3), whoever is guilty of voluntary manslaughter’’; 

(3) by striking ‘‘Whoever is guilty of involuntary manslaughter,’’ and inserting the following: 

‘‘(2) subject to paragraph (3), whoever is guilty of involuntary manslaughter’’; 

(4) at the end of paragraph (2) (as designated by paragraph (3)), by striking 

the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

(5) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(3) whoever is guilty of an offense under section 1114 or chapter 73 that 

involved a killing shall—

‘‘(A) in the case of voluntary manslaughter, be fined under this title, 

imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both; and 

‘‘(B) in the case of involuntary manslaughter, be fined under this title, 

imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.’’. 

SEC. 208. ASSAULT PENALTIES. 

Section 115 of title 18, United States Code, is amended in subsection (b) by 

striking ‘‘(1)’’ and all that follows through the end of paragraph (1) and inserting 

the following : 

‘‘(1) The punishment for an assault in violation of this section is a fine 

under this title and—

‘‘(A) if the assault consists of a simple assault, a term of imprisonment 

for not more than one year, or both; 

‘‘(B) if the assault resulted in bodily injury (as defined in section 1365), 

a term of imprisonment for not more than 10 years; 

‘‘(C) if the assault resulted in serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365), a term of imprisonment for not more than 15 years; or 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
5 

‘‘(D) if a dangerous weapon was used during and in relation to the offense, a term of imprisonment for not more than 30 years.’’. 

SEC. 209. DIRECTION TO THE SENTENCING COMMISSION. 

The United States Sentencing Commission is directed to review the Sentencing 

Guidelines as they apply to threats punishable under section 115 of title 18, United 

States Code, that occur over the Internet, and determine whether and by how much 

that should aggravate the punishment pursuant to section 994 of title 28, United 

States Code. In conducting the study, the Commission shall take into consideration 

the number of such threats made; the intended number of recipients, whether the 

initial sender was acting in an individual capacity or part of a larger group. 

TITLE III—PROTECTING STATE AND LOCAL 

JUDGES AND RELATED GRANT PROGRAMS 

SEC. 301. GRANTS TO STATES TO PROTECT WITNESSES AND VICTIMS OF CRIMES. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 31702 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13862) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(2) in paragraph (4), by striking the period at the end and inserting ‘‘; and’’; 

and 

(3) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(5) by a State, unit of local government, or Indian tribe to create and expand witness and victim protection programs to prevent threats, intimidation, 

and retaliation against victims of, and witnesses to, violent crimes.’’. 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 31707 of the Violent Crime 

Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 13867) is amended to read as 

follows: 

‘‘SEC. 31707. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

‘‘There are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 

2008 through 2012 to carry out this subtitle.’’. 

SEC. 302. ELIGIBILITY OF STATE COURTS FOR CERTAIN FEDERAL GRANTS. 

(a) CORRECTIONAL OPTIONS GRANTS.—Section 515 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3762a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

(C) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(4) grants to State courts to improve security for State and local court systems.’’; and 

(2) in subsection (b), by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘Priority shall be given to State court applicants under subsection (a)(4) that have 

the greatest demonstrated need to provide security in order to administer justice.’’. 

(b) ALLOCATIONS.—Section 516(a) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 

Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3762b) is amended—

(1) by striking ‘‘80’’ and inserting ‘‘70’’; 

(2) by striking ‘‘and 10’’ and inserting ‘‘10’’; and 

(3) by inserting before the period the following: ‘‘, and 10 percent for section 

515(a)(4)’’. 

(c) STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO CONSIDER COURTS.—The Attorney General may require, as appropriate, that whenever a State or unit of local government 

or Indian tribe applies for a grant from the Department of Justice, the State, unit, 

or tribe demonstrate that, in developing the application and distributing funds, the 

State, unit, or tribe—

(1) considered the needs of the judicial branch of the State, unit, or tribe, 

as the case may be; 

(2) consulted with the chief judicial officer of the highest court of the State, 

unit, or tribe, as the case may be; and 

(3) consulted with the chief law enforcement officer of the law enforcement 

agency responsible for the security needs of the judicial branch of the State, 

unit, or tribe, as the case may be. 

(d) ARMOR VESTS.—Section 2501 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and 

Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796ll) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘and State and local court officers’’ after 

‘‘tribal law enforcement officers’’; and 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
6 

(2) in subsection (b)(1), by inserting ‘‘State or local court,’’ after ‘‘government,’’. 

SEC. 303. GRANTS TO STATES FOR THREAT ASSESSMENT DATABASES. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General, through the Office of Justice Programs, shall make grants under this section to the highest State courts in States 

participating in the program, for the purpose of enabling such courts to establish 

and maintain a threat assessment database described in subsection (b). 

(b) DATABASE.—For purposes of subsection (a), a threat assessment database is 

a database through which a State can— (1) analyze trends and patterns in domestic terrorism and crime; 

(2) project the probabilities that specific acts of domestic terrorism or crime 

will occur; and 

(3) develop measures and procedures that can effectively reduce the probabilities that those acts will occur. 

(c) CORE ELEMENTS.—The Attorney General shall define a core set of data elements to be used by each database funded by this section so that the information 

in the database can be effectively shared with other States and with the Department of Justice. 

(d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal 

years 2008 through 2011. 

TITLE IV—LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS 

SEC. 401. REPORT ON SECURITY OF FEDERAL PROSECUTORS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this 

Act, the Attorney General shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the 

Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report 

on the security of assistant United States attorneys and other Federal attorneys 

arising from the prosecution of terrorists, violent criminal gangs, drug traffickers, 

gun traffickers, white supremacists, those who commit fraud and other white-collar 

offenses, and other criminal cases. 

(b) CONTENTS.—The report submitted under subsection (a) shall describe each 

of the following: 

(1) The number and nature of threats and assaults against attorneys handling prosecutions described in subsection (a) and the reporting requirements 

and methods. 

(2) The security measures that are in place to protect the attorneys who are 

handling prosecutions described in subsection (a), including threat assessments, 

response procedures, availability of security systems and other devices, firearms 

licensing (deputations), and other measures designed to protect the attorneys 

and their families. 

(3) The firearms deputation policies of the Department of Justice, including 

the number of attorneys deputized and the time between receipt of threat and 

completion of the deputation and training process. 

(4) For each requirement, measure, or policy described in paragraphs (1) 

through (3), when the requirement, measure, or policy was developed and who 

was responsible for developing and implementing the requirement, measure, or 

policy. 

(5) The programs that are made available to the attorneys for personal security training, including training relating to limitations on public information 

disclosure, basic home security, firearms handling and safety, family safety, 

mail handling, counter-surveillance, and self-defense tactics. 

(6) The measures that are taken to provide attorneys handling prosecutions 

described in subsection (a) with secure parking facilities, and how priorities for 

such facilities are established—

(A) among Federal employees within the facility; 

(B) among Department of Justice employees within the facility; and 

(C) among attorneys within the facility. 

(7) The frequency attorneys handling prosecutions described in subsection 

(a) are called upon to work beyond standard work hours and the security measures provided to protect attorneys at such times during travel between office 

and available parking facilities. 

(8) With respect to attorneys who are licensed under State laws to carry 

firearms, the policy of the Department of Justice as to—

(A) carrying the firearm between available parking and office buildings; 

(B) securing the weapon at the office buildings; and 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
7 

(C) equipment and training provided to facilitate safe storage at Department of Justice facilities. 

(9) The offices in the Department of Justice that are responsible for ensuring the security of attorneys handling prosecutions described in subsection (a), 

the organization and staffing of the offices, and the manner in which the offices 

coordinate with offices in specific districts. 

(10) The role, if any, that the United States Marshals Service or any other 

Department of Justice component plays in protecting, or providing security services or training for, attorneys handling prosecutions described in subsection (a). 

TITLE V—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 

SEC. 501. EXPANDED PROCUREMENT AUTHORITY FOR THE UNITED STATES SENTENCING 

COMMISSION. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 995 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by 

adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(f) The Commission may—

‘‘(1) use available funds to enter into contracts for the acquisition of severable services for a period that begins in 1 fiscal year and ends in the next fiscal 

year, to the same extent as executive agencies may enter into such contracts 

under the authority of section 303L of the Federal Property and Administrative 

Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253l); 

‘‘(2) enter into multi-year contracts for the acquisition of property or services to the same extent as executive agencies may enter into such contracts 

under the authority of section 304B of the Federal Property and Administrative 

Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 254c); and 

‘‘(3) make advance, partial, progress, or other payments under contracts for 

property or services to the same extent as executive agencies may make such 

payments under the authority of section 305 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 255).’’. 

(b) SUNSET.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall cease to have force 

and effect on September 30, 2010. 

SEC. 502. BANKRUPTCY, MAGISTRATE, AND TERRITORIAL JUDGES LIFE INSURANCE. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 604(a)(5) of title 28, United States Code, is amended 

by inserting after ‘‘hold office during good behavior,’’ the following: ‘‘bankruptcy 

judges appointed under section 152 of this title, magistrate judges appointed under 

section 631 of this title, and territorial district court judges appointed under section 

24 of the Organic Act of Guam (48 U.S.C. 1424b), section 1(b) of the Act of November 8, 1877 (48 U.S.C. 1821), or section 24(a) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands (48 U.S.C. 1614(a)),’’. 

(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with 

respect to any payment made on or after the first day of the first applicable pay 

period beginning on or after the date of enactment of this Act. 

SEC. 503. ASSIGNMENT OF JUDGES. 

Section 296 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end 

of the second undesignated paragraph the following new sentence: ‘‘However, a 

judge who has retired from regular active service under section 371(b) of this title, 

when designated and assigned to the court to which such judge was appointed, shall 

have all the powers of a judge of that court, including participation in appointment 

of court officers and magistrates, rulemaking, governance, and administrative matters.’’. 

SEC. 504. SENIOR JUDGE PARTICIPATION IN THE SELECTION OF MAGISTRATES. 

Section 631(a) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking ‘‘Northern 

Mariana Islands’’ the first place it appears and inserting ‘‘Northern Mariana Islands 

(including any judge in regular active service and any judge who has retired from 

regular active service under section 371(b) of this title, when designated and assigned to the court to which such judge was appointed)’’. 

SEC. 505. GUARANTEEING COMPLIANCE WITH PRISONER PAYMENT COMMITMENTS. 

Section 3624(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the last 

sentence and inserting the following: ‘‘Upon the release of a prisoner by the Bureau 

of Prisons to supervised release, the Bureau of Prisons shall notify such prisoner, 

verbally and in writing, of the requirement that the prisoner adhere to an installment schedule, not to exceed two years except in special circumstances, to pay for 

any fine imposed for the offense committed by such prisoner, and of the conVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:15 Jul 11, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6621 E:\HR\OC\HR660.XXX HR660

ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
8 

1 In his 2005 Year-End Report on the Federal Judiciary, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr., 

highlighted the concerns presented by the murders in Chicago and Atlanta: 

These attacks underscored the need for all branches of government, State and Federal, 

to improve safety and security for judges and judicial employees, both within and outside courthouses. We see emerging democracies around the world struggle to establish 

court systems in which judges can apply the rule of law free from the threat of violence; 

sequences of failure to pay such fines under sections 3611 through 3614 of this 

title.’’. 

SEC. 506. STUDY AND REPORT. 

The Attorney General shall study whether the generally open public access to 

State and local records imperils the safety of the Federal judiciary. Not later than 

18 months after the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall report to Congress the results of that study together with any recommendations the Attorney 

General deems necessary. 

SEC. 507. REAUTHORIZATION OF FUGITIVE APPREHENSION TASK FORCES. 

Section 6(b) of the Presidential Threat Protection Act of 2000 (28 U.S.C. 566 

note; Public Law 106–544) is amended—

(1) by striking ‘‘and’’ after ‘‘fiscal year 2002,’’; and 

(2) by inserting ‘‘, and $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2008 through 

2012’’ before the period. 

SEC. 508. INCREASED PROTECTION OF FEDERAL JUDGES. 

(a) MINIMUM DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS.—

(1) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS.—For purposes of section 202(b)(6) of the 

REAL ID Act of 2005 (49 U.S.C. 30301 note), a State may, in the case of an 

individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (2), include in a 

driver’s license or other identification card issued to that individual by the 

State, the address specified in that subparagraph in lieu of the individual’s address of principle residence. 

(2) INDIVIDUALS AND INFORMATION.—The individuals and addresses referred 

to in paragraph (1) are the following: 

(A) In the case of a Justice of the United States, the address of the 

United States Supreme Court. 

(B) In the case of a judge of a Federal court, the address of the courthouse. 

(b) VERIFICATION OF INFORMATION.—For purposes of section 202(c)(1)(D) of the 

REAL ID Act of 2005 (49 U.S.C. 30301 note), in the case of an individual described 

in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(2), a State need only require documentation of the address appearing on the individual’s driver’s license or other identification card issued by that State to the individual. 

PURPOSE AND SUMMARY

The importance of judicial security was underscored by the murders of family members of a Chicago Federal judge in 2005, and the 

killings less than 2 weeks later of a State judge, a court reporter, 

and a sheriff’s deputy in an Atlanta courthouse. These acts of violence, along with numerous others, led to the introduction of H.R. 

660, the ‘‘Court Security Improvement Act of 2007,’’ which, among 

other things, seeks to improve judicial security for court officers 

and safeguard judges and their families. 

BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE LEGISLATION

Although the security of all Federal buildings increased in the 

wake of the April 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal 

Building in Oklahoma City and the September 11, 2001 terrorist 

attacks, the importance of judicial security was brought more particularly to the Nation’s attention by reports of the murders of family members of a Chicago Federal judge in 2005, and the killings 

less than 2 weeks later of a State judge, a court reporter, and a 

sheriff’s deputy in an Atlanta courthouse.1 Another incident ocVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:15 Jul 11, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 5602 E:\HR\OC\HR660.XXX HR660

ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
9 

we must take every step to ensure that our own judges, to whom so much of the world 

looks as models of independence, never face violent attack for carrying out their duties. 

U.S. Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales voiced similar sentiments when he spoke at the Conference for Chief United States District Judges on April 14, 2005: 

The Department of Justice and the Marshals Service will continue to work to ensure 

that threats to Federal judges are quickly assessed and appropriate measures are 

taken. We will not accept that a judge is intimidated or threatened in any way in discharging his or her obligation to faithfully interpret the law. To that end, I have directed a review of judicial security measures be undertaken so that the Department, 

as well as State and local enforcement, can benefit from a compilation of best practices 

from across the nation. 2 According to USMS, over 2,000 sitting judges and other court officials at more than 400 court 

facilities nationwide are under its protection. An appointed U.S. marshal, confirmed by the Senate, has security responsibility in each of the 94 Federal judicial districts and the District of 

Columbia Superior Court. District U.S. marshals provide and oversee security of the Judiciary 

using USMS resources and court security officers (CSO), who are employees of private security 

companies under contract with USMS. Over 4,500 CSOs provide various types of security (e.g., 

fixed posts, roving patrols, entry screening, and mail and packages screening) in courthouses 

and at multi-tenant facilities. Also under USMS jurisdiction is the design, installation, and 

maintenance of security systems, and oversight of the communications equipment. 

curred in June 2006, when a sniper shot a State judge in Reno, Nevada, through the window of the judge’s office. 

Supreme Court Justices have also been intended targets of violence and death threats. Last year, for example, it was revealed 

that home-baked cookies infused with rat poison were mailed to all 

nine Justices in 2005. According to one media report, Justice Sandra Day O’Connor was quoted as saying that ‘‘each one contained 

enough poison to kill the entire membership of the court.’’ All three branches of the Federal Government play unique roles 

in helping to ensure the safety of judges and the security of the 

Federal courts. In this joint effort, the role of Congress is to authorize programs, appropriate funds, and provide oversight of judicial 

security. The Judicial Conference of the United States—the principal policy-making body of the Federal judiciary—governs the administration of the United States courts. The Conference’s Committee on Judicial Security monitors the security of the judiciary 

(including protection of court facilities and proceedings, judicial officers, and court staff at Federal court facilities and other locations), and makes policy recommendations to the Conference. As 

the central support entity for the judicial branch, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) implements Judicial Conference policies, including security matters. 

By statute, the United States Marshals Service (USMS) within 

the Department of Justice (DOJ) has primary responsibility for the 

security of the judiciary, including the safe conduct of court proceedings, and the security of Federal judges and court personnel at 

court facilities and off-site. USMS also provides protective details 

for those who are targets of threats and attacks, and provides other 

law enforcement services for DOJ. Within USMS, the Judicial Security Division is specifically responsible for providing security 

services and staff support for the Federal judiciary, including personal protection for judges and physical security of Federal courthouses.2

USMS conducts threat assessments when they are directed 

against individuals (e.g., Federal judges, United States Attorneys, 

court staff, and family members) and then determines the level of 

security that is necessary for developing security plans and assigning the required resources to ensure their safety. A deputy marshal 

is required to attend any session of court at the request of the presiding judge. A judicial security inspector (a senior-level deputy 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
10 

3The USMS Judicial Security Division highlights the following services it provided the judiciary during FY2006: 

• Coordinated and provided 259 protective details (outside of courthouses) to U.S. Supreme Court Justices, judges, or other members of the judicial system; 

• Provided security services during nearly 200 judicial conferences and other significant 

gatherings of members of the Federal judiciary; 

• Coordinated and provided personnel and additional security resources for 135 highthreat trials as well as 11 terrorist trials; 

• Provided improved Protective Investigations Training for 190 Deputy U.S. Marshals 

and Judicial Security Inspectors at the agency’s Training Academy in Glynco, Georgia. Coordinated a special Judicial Protective Training Conference in Baltimore for 

210 additional personnel. All of these seminars were conducted by experts from the 

Marshals Service, Secret Service, U.S. Attorney’s Office, Diplomatic Security Service, 

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 

• Announced plans for a new National Center for Judicial Security (NCJS). It will be 

operated, staffed and managed by the Judicial Security Division and will provide a 

wide range of services and support to Federal, State, local, and international jurisdictions whenever they seek advice and help with judicial security. 4These shared responsibilities and jurisdictions at individual court-occupied buildings are further determined by agreement (sometimes in writing), and coordinated to avoid duplication. 

Generally, USMS is responsible for and controls judicial space and access to it, while FPS is 

primarily responsible for perimeter security and for other interior space that is not court-related 

space. FPS conducts risk assessment of multi-tenant buildings to deter threats and take countermeasures. Uniformed FPS officers and hired contract guards (similar to CSOs) protect the 

buildings, their assets, and investigate crime at the facilities. Other than perimeter responsibilities, FPS duties may include visitor entry processing, roving patrols, garage access control, and 

mail and package screening. 

marshal) is assigned to each judicial district to evaluate courthouse 

security and procedures, and to coordinate scheduling, posting, and 

other matters related to court security officers. The inspectors also 

conduct security surveys at judges’ homes and recommend improvements. 

To enhance its capability to strengthen protection of the judiciary, the USMS established the Office of Protective Intelligence 

(OPI) in 2004 to review and analyze intelligence information about 

the security of those under USMS protection. On a daily basis, OPI 

issues security advisories, intelligence bulletins, and law enforcement alerts to USMS district offices and senior staff at headquarters so that protective measures can be taken. When threats 

are made, USMS works with the Federal Bureau of Investigation 

(FBI) to address them.3

The Federal Protective Service (FPS), within the Department of 

Homeland Security (DHS), has overall responsibility for security in 

multi-tenant Federal buildings managed by the General Services 

Administration (GSA). When those buildings include court facilities, USMS and FPS share security responsibilities, authorized by 

a series of memoranda of agreement between GSA and DOJ. When 

the court is the sole tenant in a GSA-managed building, USMS has 

primary responsibility for security, although FPS may provide 

some support for the perimeter security, or may delegate that responsibility to USMS. How the responsibilities are shared varies on 

a case-by-case basis depending on the differing requirements of 

tenants, functions, and locations of the occupied space.4

To protect the judiciary, the principal entities must communicate 

and coordinate at the national and district levels. At the national 

level, the Judicial Conference’s Committee on Judicial Security coordinates security issues involving the Federal courts with USMS, 

DOJ, and DHS. According to USMS, the Marshals Service works 

with AOUSC Office of Court Security and the Office of Facilities 

and Security on a daily basis, and the Committee on Judicial SecuVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:15 Jul 11, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR660.XXX HR660

ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
11 

rity also consults and coordinates with them regarding national 

and district-level security matters. At semi-annual meetings, the 

Committee on Judicial Security and USMS senior management discuss security, legal, and budget issues. USMS and AOUSC also 

hold several working sessions prior to quarterly review meetings 

with the AOUSC associate director. Issues discussed at the meetings include purchase and installation of security systems, CSO 

staffing, and budget matters. 

At the local level, United States Marshals routinely meet with 

the district chief judge at court security committee meetings comprising representatives from the magistrate, district, and bankruptcy courts (which may also include circuit judges and United 

States Attorneys) to review and implement security plans. In addition, AOUSC and USMS consult on security considerations (e.g., 

design and installation of security systems) in the construction of 

new or renovated courthouses. 

There have been concerns over the years, however, about adequate staffing, threat assessment capabilities, and consultation between USMS and AOUSC to protect the judiciary. The DOJ inspector general issued a report in 2004 recommending that USMS, 

among other things: (1) ensure that all threats to the judiciary are 

assessed within established time frames; (2) update its historical 

threat database; (3) assign full-time representatives to all FBI field 

offices and ensure effective liaison with intelligence agencies; and 

(4) create a centralized capability to identify, collect, analyze, and 

share intelligence with USMS districts and other offices. 

Similar concerns were raised at congressional hearings held in 

2005 and 2007. For example, the House and Senate Appropriations 

Subcommittees on Financial Services and General Government received testimony on March 21, 2007 from Judge Julia S. Gibbons, 

Chair of the Judicial Conference’s Committee on the Budget. Judge 

Gibbons called for greater attention to the quality of FPS security 

services to protect court facilities. H.R. 660 was introduced in response to these various concerns and as a means of helping to prevent future acts of violence. 

HEARINGS

The Committee’s Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and Homeland Security held 1 day of hearings on H.R. 660 on May 3, 2007. 

Testimony was received from Robert M. Bell, Chief Judge, Maryland Court of Appeals; John F. Clark, United States Marshal for 

the Eastern District of Virginia, United States Department of Justice; and David Bryan Sentelle, Judge, United States District Court 

for the Western District of North Carolina, and Chair, Judicial 

Conference’s Committee on Judicial Security. 

COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION

On June 7, 2007, the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism and 

Homeland Security met in open session and ordered the bill H.R. 

660 favorably reported without an amendment by voice vote, a 

quorum being present. On June 13, 2007, the Committee met in 

open session and ordered the bill H.R. 660 favorably reported with 

an amendment, by voice vote, a quorum being present. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
12 

COMMITTEE VOTES

In compliance with clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee advises that there were 

no recorded votes during the Committee’s consideration of H.R. 

660. 

COMMITTEE OVERSIGHT FINDINGS

In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee advises that the findings 

and recommendations of the Committee, based on oversight activities under clause 2(b)(1) of rule X of the Rules of the House of Representatives, are incorporated in the descriptive portions of this report. 

NEW BUDGET AUTHORITY AND TAX EXPENDITURES

Clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives is inapplicable because this legislation does not provide new 

budgetary authority or increased tax expenditures. 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

In compliance with clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, the Committee sets forth, with respect to 

the bill, H.R. 660, the following estimate and comparison prepared 

by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office under section 

402 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974: 

U.S. CONGRESS, CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, Washington, DC, June 22, 2007. 

Hon. JOHN CONYERS, Jr., Chairman, 

Committee on the Judiciary, 

House of Representatives, Washington, DC. 

The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost 

estimate for H.R. 660, the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007. 

If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Daniel Hoople, who can 

be reached at 226–2860. 

Sincerely, 

PETER R. ORSZAG, 

DIRECTOR. 

Enclosure 

cc: Honorable Lamar S. Smith. 

Ranking Member 

H.R. 660—Court Security Improvement Act of 2007. 

SUMMARY

H.R. 660 would authorize the appropriation of $200 million over 

the 2008–2012 period to provide additional staff to the U.S. Marshals Service and to provide grants to State and local governments 

to improve court security and protect victims and witnesses. The 

legislation also would authorize the appropriation of $100 million 

over the 2008–2011 period to make grants to States to assess doVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:15 Jul 11, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR660.XXX HR660

ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
13 

mestic terrorism and crime and $50 million over the 2008–2012 period for Fugitive Apprehension Task Forces. Moreover, the bill 

would increase the maximum sentences for certain crimes and 

would extend provisions of law preventing the release of financial 

information if disclosure could endanger Federal judges or their 

families. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 660 would cost 

$35 million in 2008 and $286 million over the 2008–2012 period, 

subject to the appropriation of the necessary and specified 

amounts. 

The bill also would direct the Administrative Office of the United 

States Courts (AOUSC) to pay increases in the cost of life insurance premiums that were implemented after 1999 for certain 

judges. CBO estimates that enacting this provision would increase 

direct spending by $1 million over the 2008–2017 period. Other 

provisions would have no significant net effect on direct spending 

or revenues. 

H.R. 660 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA); 

any costs to State, local, or tribal governments would be incurred 

voluntarily as a condition of receiving Federal assistance. 

ESTIMATED COST TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

The estimated budgetary impact of H.R. 660 is shown in the following table. The cost of this legislation falls within budget function 750 (administration of justice). 

By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars 

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 

CHANGES IN SPENDING SUBJECT TO APPROPRIATION1

Threat Assessment Database Grants 

Estimated Authorization Level 25 25 25 25 0 

Estimated Outlays 6 13 18 22 20 

Grants to Witness and Victim Protection Programs 

Authorization Level 20 20 20 20 20 

Estimated Outlays 2 8 13 17 20 

U.S. Marshals Service 

Authorization Level 20 20 20 20 20 

Estimated Outlays 18 20 20 20 20 

Fugitive Apprehension Task Forces 

Estimated Authorization Level 10 10 10 10 10 

Estimated Outlays 9 10 10 10 10 

Total Changes 

Estimated Authorization Level 75 75 75 75 50 

Estimated Outlays 35 51 61 69 70 

1. In addition to the amounts shown above, enacting H.R. 660 also would affect revenues and direct spending. CBO estimates that any such effects would not be significant in any year and would increase direct spending by about $1 million 

over the 2008–2017 period. 

BASIS OF ESTIMATE

For this estimate, CBO assumes that the bill will be enacted in 

fiscal year 2007, that the amounts authorized by the bill will be appropriated for each year, and that spending will follow historical 

patterns for current and similar programs. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
14 

Spending Subject to Appropriation 

CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 660 would cost $286 million over the 2008–2012 period, assuming appropriation of amounts 

authorized and estimated to be necessary. 

Threat Assessment Database Grants. Section 303 would authorize the appropriation of such sums as may be necessary over 

the 2008–2011 period for the Attorney General to provide grants to 

States to assess domestic terrorism and crime. State recipients 

would use the funds to analyze trends in historical data, project the 

likelihood of future acts of terrorism and crime, and develop steps 

to reduce the chance that such events will occur. Based on the cost 

of similar information sharing and technology initiatives, we expect 

that DOJ would award each State about $500,000 a year for staff 

and data analysis tools. Assuming appropriation of the necessary 

amounts, CBO estimates that implementing this provision would 

cost $79 million over the 2008–2012 period. 

Grants to Witness and Victim Protection Programs and 

Court Security. Section 301 would authorize the appropriation of an additional $20 million annually over the 2008–2012 period to 

make Community-Based Justice Grants for Prosecutors. Funds 

would be used to make grants for witness and victim protection 

programs. Assuming the appropriation of the specified amounts, 

CBO estimates that implementing this provision would cost $60 

million over the 2008–2012 period. 

In addition, section 302 would authorize the Bureau of Justice 

Assistance to make grants to improve the security of State and 

local courts. The bill would reduce funding for grants made to programs that offer alternatives to traditional incarceration by 10 percent to fund this new activity. Thus, CBO estimates that implementing this provision would have no net cost over the next five 

years. 

U.S. Marshals Service. Section 104 would authorize the appro- priation of $20 million annually over the 2008–2013 period for the 

U.S. Marshals Service to provide additional protection for the judiciary. The agency would use such funds to hire additional Deputy 

Marshals, investigators, and intelligence officers. Assuming the appropriation of the specified amounts, CBO estimates that implementing this provision would cost $98 million over the 2008–2012 

period. 

Section 103 would authorize the U.S. Marshals Service to provide 

security for the U.S. Tax Court. Under current law, such protection 

cannot be provided, although temporary security has been available 

upon request. Based on information from U.S. Marshals, CBO expects that additional protection provided to the U.S. Tax Court 

under this bill would not require a significant increase in staff. 

Thus, CBO estimates that implementing this provision would have 

a minor impact, subject to the availability of appropriated funds. 

Fugitive Apprehension Task Forces. Section 507 would authorize the appropriation of $10 million a year over the 2008–2012 

period for Fugitive Apprehension Task Forces. In 2007, six regional 

task forces received about $28 million to coordinate Federal, State, 

and local law enforcement officials for the location and apprehension of fugitives. Assuming the appropriation of the specified funds, 

CBO estimates that implementing this provision would cost $49 

million over the 2008–2012 period. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
15 

Federal Prison System. Title II would make it a separate 

crime to knowingly file a false claim against a Federal judge, law 

enforcement officer, or family member on account of performance of 

duties. It also would make it a crime to make restricted information about Federal judges, jurors, paid informants, witnesses, court 

and public safety officers, or their families publicly available. 

Under current law, such actions may be prosecuted under other 

Federal statutes in certain cases. Title II also would increase the 

maximum sentences for manslaughter without malice, as well as 

certain existing crimes against witnesses, victims, public officials, 

and informants. CBO estimates that the longer prison sentences required under the bill would not have a significant impact on prison 

populations and thus would not impose any significant costs over 

the 2008–2012 period. 

Other Provisions Affecting Federal Judges. Section 102 

would permanently extend provisions which prevent public access 

to certain financial information, if such disclosure could endanger 

a Federal judge or a family member. Under current law, those provisions are set to expire at the end of 2009. According to the 

AOUSC, the agency exercises this authority rarely and CBO estimates that any additional reporting requirements would therefore 

be minimal and would have no significant cost. 

In addition, section 502 would direct AOUSC to pay for increases 

in the cost of Federal Employees’ Group Life Insurance (FEGLI) 

implemented by the Office of Personnel Management after April 

1999 for magistrates and territorial district court judges. Such payments are currently made for all Article III judges as well as 

judges of the Court of Federal Claims. Based on information from 

the AOUSC, CBO estimates that additional costs related to the 

payment of FEGLI increases would have no significant cost over 

the 2008–2012 period. 

Direct Spending and Receipts 

H.R. 660 would subject individuals to penalties for various 

crimes against judges, public safety officers, and their families. 

Thus, the Federal government might collect additional fines if the 

bill is enacted. Collections of criminal fines are deposited in the 

Crime Victims Fund and later spent. As such, CBO expects that 

any additional revenues and direct spending would have no net effect on the Federal budget. 

In addition, section 502 would direct AOUSC to pay increases in 

FEGLI implemented after April 1999 for bankruptcy judges. Any 

increase to the salaries and benefits of bankruptcy judges is considered to be a change in direct spending. Thus, the additional cost 

of life insurance premiums for bankruptcy judges would result in 

an increase in direct spending. Based on information from AOUSC, 

CBO estimates that any increase in direct spending from enacting 

this provision would be insignificant in each year and would total 

about $1 million over the 2008–2017 period. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE-SECTOR IMPACT

H.R. 660 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined UMRA. It would authorize $200 million for fiscal 

years 2008 through 2012 for grants to States to increase security 

of their court systems and make other safety improvements. Any 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
16 

costs to those governments would be incurred voluntarily as a condition of receiving Federal assistance. 

The bill also would allow States, when issuing licenses compliant 

with the REAL ID Act, to use alternative addresses on the licenses 

of Supreme Court or other Federal justices. 

PREVIOUS CBO ESTIMATE

On March 23, 2007, CBO transmitted a cost estimate for S. 378, 

the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007, as ordered reported 

by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on March 1, 2007. H.R. 

660 differs from S. 378 in a number of ways. H.R. 660 would authorize $150 million over the 2008–2012 period for grants to States 

to develop threat assessment databases and for Fugitive Apprehension Task Forces. S. 378 contains no authorization for those activities. In addition, S. 378 would reauthorize the Office of Government Ethics through 2011 at an estimated cost of $49 million; no 

similar provision is contained in H.R. 660. In total, CBO’s estimate 

of discretionary spending for H.R. 660 is $107 million higher than 

our estimate for S. 378. There is no difference in our estimates of 

direct spending and revenues for the two bills. 

ESTIMATE PREPARED BY: 

Federal Costs: Daniel Hoople (226–2860) 

Impact on State, Local, and Tribal Governments: Melissa Merrell 

(225–3220) 

Impact on the Private Sector: Paige Piper/Bach (226–2940) 

ESTIMATE APPROVED BY: 

Peter H. Fontaine 

Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis 

PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The Committee states that pursuant to clause 3(c)(4) of rule XIII 

of the Rules of the House of Representatives, the goal of H.R. 660 

is to improve judicial security for court officers and safeguard 

judges and their families while at home. 

CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY STATEMENT

Pursuant to clause 3(d)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, the Committee finds the authority for this legislation in article I, section 8 of the Constitution. 

ADVISORY ON EARMARKS

In accordance with clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the House 

of Representatives, H.R. 660 does not contain any congressional 

earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined 

in clause 9(d), 9(e), or 9(f) of rule XXI. 

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

The following discussion describes the bill as reported by the 

Committee. 

Sec. 1. Short Title. Section 1 sets forth the short title of the bill 

as the ‘‘Court Security Improvement Act of 2007.’’


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
17 

Sec. 101. Judicial Branch Security Requirements. Section 101 requires the Director of the United States Marshals Service to consult with the Judicial Conference regarding the security requirements for the judicial branch, in order to improve the implementation of security measures by the United States Marshals needed to 

protect judges, court employees, law enforcement officers, jurors 

and other members of the public who are regularly in Federal 

courthouses. This section clarifies that the United States Marshals 

Service has the sole responsibility to determine what measures are 

needed for court security, and requires the United States Marshals 

to communicate with the Judicial branch in determining what specific security measures are needed, and what resources are being 

allocated and what steps are being taken to protect the judiciary. 

Sec. 102. Financial Disclosure Reports. Section 102 eliminates 

the current sunset under section 105 of the Ethics in Government 

Act, thereby making the authority of Federal judges to redact sensitive financial information permanent. 

Sec. 103. Protection of United States Tax Court. Section 103 authorizes the United States Marshals to provide for the security of 

the Tax Court if criminal intimidation impedes the functioning of 

the judicial process or other official proceeding 

Sec. 104. Additional Amounts for United States Marshals Service 

to Protect the Judiciary. Section 104 authorizes an additional $20 

million for each of fiscal year 2008 through 2013 for the United 

States Marshals Service in order to hire additional personnel needed to expand and improve security measures for the Federal judiciary. 

Sec. 201. Protections Against Malicious Recording of Fictitious 

Liens Against Federal Judges and Federal Law Enforcement Officers. Section 201 creates a new Federal criminal offense for the filing of fictitious liens against real or personal property owned by 

Federal judges, attorneys and employees. An individual who violates this provision may be fined and subject to imprisonment up 

to 10 years. Section 201 is intended to penalize individuals who 

seek to intimidate and harass Federal judges and employees by filing false liens against their real and personal property. 

Sec. 202. Protection of Individuals Performing Certain Official 

Duties. Section 202 creates a new Federal criminal offense prohibiting persons from making available on the Internet restricted personal information concerning judges, law enforcement, public safety 

officers, jurors, witnesses or other officers in any United States 

court. An individual who violates this provision may be fined and 

subject to imprisonment up to 5 years. 

Sec. 203. Prohibition of Possession of Dangerous Weapons in Federal Court Facilities. Section 203 amends section 930(e)(1) of title 

18 of the United States Code to prohibit the possession of ‘‘a dangerous weapon’’ in a Federal court facility. 

Sec. 204. Clarification of Venue for Retaliating Against a Witness. 

Section 204 amends section 1513 of title 18 of the United States 

Code to clarify that the proper venue for the prosecution of a defendant for retaliating against a witness includes the district in 

which the official proceeding or conduct occurred. 

Sec. 205. Modification of Tampering with a Witness, Victim, or 

an Informant Offense. Section 205 amends section 1512 of title 18 

of the United States Code to increase the maximum penalties for 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
18 

killing or attempting to kill a witness, victim or informant to obstruct justice 

Sec. 206. Modification of Retaliation Offense. Section 206 amends 

section 1513 of title 18 of the United States Code to increase the 

maximum penalties for killing or attempting to kill a witness, victim or informant in retaliation for their testifying or providing information to law enforcement. 

Sec. 207. General Modifications of Federal Murder Crime and Related Crimes. Section 207 amends the Federal murder and manslaughter statutes to include a maximum of 20 years imprisonment 

for voluntary manslaughter, and 10 years imprisonment for involuntary manslaughter. 

Sec. 208. Assault Penalties. Section 208 amends section 115 of 

title 18 of the United States Code to increase the maximum criminal penalties for an assault carried out against a Federal judge, 

law enforcement officer, or immediate family member of such official. 

Sec. 209. Direction to the Sentencing Commission. Section 209 directs the United States Sentencing Commission to review the Sentencing Guidelines as they apply to threats carried out over the 

Internet, and to make enhancements where necessary. 

Sec. 301. Grants to States to Protect Witnesses and Victims of 

Crimes. Section 301 amends the Violent Crime Control and Law 

Enforcement Act of 1994 to authorize grants to create and expand 

witness protection programs to assist witnesses and victims of 

crime. The authorized funding is $20 million for each of fiscal years 

2008 through 2012. 

Sec. 302. Eligibility of State Courts for Certain Federal Grants. 

Section 302 amends the eligibility requirements for discretionary 

Byrne grants to make State courts eligible for such grants. 

Sec. 303. Grants to States for Threat Assessment Databases. Section 303 requires the Attorney General, through the Office of Justice Programs, to award grants to State courts for purposes of establishing and maintaining threat assessment databases. The provision authorizes funding to be appropriated as may be necessary 

to implement this provision for each of fiscal years 2008 through 

2011. 

Sec. 401. Report on Security of Federal Prosecutors. Section 401 

requires the Attorney General to submit a report to the House and 

Senate Judiciary Committees on the security of Assistant United 

States Attorneys and other Federal attorneys arising from the prosecution of terrorists and other criminal cases. 

Sec. 501. Expanded Procurement Authority for the United States 

Sentencing Commission. Section 501 authorizes the Sentencing 

Commission to enter into multi-year contracts for the acquisition of 

property or services, or contracts that span more than 1 year, to 

the same extent as executive agencies. It also authorizes the Commission to make advance, partial, progress, or other payments for 

property or services to the same extent as executive agencies 

Sec. 502. Bankruptcy, Magistrate and Territorial Judges Life Insurance. Section 502 enables bankruptcy, magistrate, and territorial court judges to receive the same life insurance benefits that 

are provided to other Federal judges pursuant to section 604(a)(5) 

of title 28 of the United States Code. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
19 

Sec. 503. Assignment of Judges. Section 503 amends section 296 

of title 28 of the United States Code to expressly grant a senior 

judge or justice designated to the court on which he or she traditionally served all the powers of a judge or justice of that court, including participation in the appointment of court officers, rulemaking, governance and administrative matters. 

Sec. 504. Senior Judge Participation in the Selection of Magistrates. Section 504 amends section 631(a) of title 28 of the United 

States Code to allow senior judges to participate in the selection of 

magistrates. 

Sec. 505. Guaranteeing Compliance With Prisoner Payment Commitments. Section 505 amends section 3624(e) of title 18 of the 

United States Code to clarify that a former prisoner’s obligation to 

pay any fine imposed for an offense committed by such prisoner, 

while under supervised release. 

Sec. 506. Study and Report. Section 506 directs the Attorney 

General to study whether the public’s general access to State and 

local records imperils the safety of the Federal judiciary. 

Sec. 507. Reauthorization of Fugitive Apprehension Task Forces. 

Section 507 extends for 4 years the sunset applicable to the Attorney General’s establishment and use of Fugitive Apprehension 

Task Forces which were originally created pursuant to the Presidential Threat Protection Act of 2000. 

Sec. 508. Increased Protection of Federal Judges. Section 508 

gives States the discretion to have the work address of a Federal 

judge appear on his or her driver’s license in lieu of his or her place 

of residence. 

CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW MADE BY THE BILL, AS REPORTED

In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of the 

House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by the bill, 

as reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italics, 

existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman): 

TITLE 28, UNITED STATES CODE 

* * * * * * * 

PART I—ORGANIZATION OF COURTS 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 13—ASSIGNMENT OF JUDGES TO OTHER 

COURTS 

* * * * * * * 

§ 296. Powers upon designation and assignment 

A justice or judge shall discharge, during the period of his designation and assignment, all judicial duties for which he is designated and assigned. He may be required to perform any duty 

which might be required of a judge of the court or district or circuit 

to which he is designated and assigned. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
20 

Such justice or judge shall have all the powers of a judge of 

the court, circuit or district to which he is designated and assigned, 

except the power to appoint any person to a statutory position or 

to designate permanently a depository of funds or a newspaper for 

publication of legal notices. However, a judge who has retired from 

regular active service under section 371(b) of this title, when designated and assigned to the court to which such judge was appointed, shall have all the powers of a judge of that court, including 

participation in appointment of court officers and magistrates, rulemaking, governance, and administrative matters. 

A justice or judge who has sat by designation and assignment 

in another district or circuit may, notwithstanding his absence 

from such district or circuit or the expiration of the period of his 

designation and assignment, decide or join in the decision and final 

disposition of all matters submitted to him during such period and 

in the consideration and disposition of applications for rehearing or 

further proceedings in such matters. 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 15—CONFERENCES AND COUNCILS OF 

JUDGES 

* * * * * * * 

§ 331. Judicial conference of the United States 

The Chief Justice of the United States shall summon annually 

the chief judge of each judicial circuit, the chief judge of the Court 

of International Trade, and a district judge from each judicial circuit to a conference at such time and place in the United States 

as he may designate. He shall preside at such conference which 

shall be known as the Judicial Conference of the United States. 

Special sessions of the Conference may be called by the Chief Justice at such times and places as he may designate. 

The Judicial Conference shall consult with the Director of 

United States Marshals Service on a continuing basis regarding the 

security requirements for the judicial branch of the United States 

Government, to ensure that the views of the Judicial Conference regarding the security requirements for the judicial branch of the Federal Government are taken into account when determining staffing 

levels, setting priorities for programs regarding judicial security, 

and allocating judicial security resources. In this paragraph, the 

term judicial security includes the security of buildings housing the 

judiciary, the personal security of judicial officers, the assessment of 

threats made to judicial officers, and the protection of all other judicial personnel. The United States Marshals Service retains final authority regarding security requirements for the judicial branch of 

the Federal Government. 

* * * * * * * 

PART II—DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 37—UNITED STATES MARSHALS SERVICE 

* * * * * * * 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
21 

§ 566. Powers and duties 

(a) It is the primary role and mission of the United States 

Marshals Service to provide for the security and to obey, execute, 

and enforce all orders of the United States District Courts, the 

United States Courts of Appeals øand the Court of International 

Trade¿, the Court of International Trade, and any other court, as 

provided by law. 

* * * * * * * 

(i) The Director of the United States Marshals Service shall 

consult with the Judicial Conference of the United States on a continuing basis regarding the security requirements for the judicial 

branch of the United States Government, to ensure that the views 

of the Judicial Conference regarding the security requirements for 

the judicial branch of the Federal Government are taken into account when determining staffing levels, setting priorities for programs regarding judicial security, and allocating judicial security 

resources. In this paragraph, the term ‘‘judicial security’’ includes 

the security of buildings housing the judiciary, the personal security 

of judicial officers, the assessment of threats made to judicial officers, and the protection of all other judicial personnel. The United 

States Marshals Service retains final authority regarding security 

requirements for the judicial branch of the Federal Government. 

* * * * * * * 

PART III—COURT OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 41—ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF UNITED 

STATES COURTS 

* * * * * * * 

§ 604. Duties of Director generally 

(a) The Director shall be the administrative officer of the 

courts, and under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference of the United States, shall: 

(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(5) Fix the compensation of clerks of court, deputies, librarians, criers, messengers, law clerks, secretaries, stenographers, clerical assistants, and other employees of the courts 

whose compensation is not otherwise fixed by law, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, pay on behalf of Justices and judges of the United States appointed to hold office 

during good behavior, bankruptcy judges appointed under section 152 of this title, magistrate judges appointed under section 

631 of this title, and territorial district court judges appointed 

under section 24 of the Organic Act of Guam (48 U.S.C. 1424b), 

section 1(b) of the Act of November 8, 1877 (48 U.S.C. 1821), 

or section 24(a) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands 

(48 U.S.C. 1614(a)), aged 65 or over, any increases in the cost 

of Federal Employees’ Group Life Insurance imposed after 

April 24, 1999, including any expenses generated by such payVerDate Aug 31 2005 00:15 Jul 11, 2007 Jkt 059006 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6601 E:\HR\OC\HR660.XXX HR660

ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
22 

ments, as authorized by the Judicial Conference of the United 

States; 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 43—UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGES 

* * * * * * * 

§ 631. Appointment and tenure 

(a) The judges of each United States district court and the district courts of the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the øNorthern Mariana Islands¿ Northern Mariana Islands (including any judge in 

regular active service and any judge who has retired from regular 

active service under section 371(b) of this title, when designated and 

assigned to the court to which such judge was appointed) shall appoint United States magistrate judges in such numbers and to 

serve at such locations within the judicial districts as the Judicial 

Conference may determine under this chapter. In the case of a 

magistrate judge appointed by the district court of the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands, this chapter shall 

apply as though the court appointing such a magistrate judge were 

a United States district court. Where there is more than one judge 

of a district court, the appointment, whether an original appointment or a reappointment, shall be by the concurrence of a majority 

of all the judges of such district court, and when there is no such 

concurrence, then by the chief judge. Where the conference deems 

it desirable, a magistrate judge may be designated to serve in one 

or more districts adjoining the district for which he is appointed. 

Such a designation shall be made by the concurrence of a majority 

of the judges of each of the district courts involved and shall specify 

the duties to be performed by the magistrate judge in the adjoining 

district or districts. 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 58—UNITED STATES SENTENCING 

COMMISSION 

* * * * * * * 

§ 995. Powers of the commission 

(a) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(f) The Commission may—

(1) use available funds to enter into contracts for the acquisition of severable services for a period that begins in 1 fiscal 

year and ends in the next fiscal year, to the same extent as executive agencies may enter into such contracts under the authority 

of section 303L of the Federal Property and Administrative 

Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 253l); 

(2) enter into multi-year contracts for the acquisition of 

property or services to the same extent as executive agencies 

may enter into such contracts under the authority of section 

304B of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act 

of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 254c); and 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
23 

(3) make advance, partial, progress, or other payments 

under contracts for property or services to the same extent as executive agencies may make such payments under the authority 

of section 305 of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 255). 

* * * * * * * 

ETHICS IN GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1978 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE I—FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS OF 

FEDERAL PERSONNEL 

* * * * * * * 

CUSTODY OF AND PUBLIC ACCESS TO REPORTS

SEC. 105. (a) * * * 

(b)(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(3)(A) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

ø(E) This paragraph shall expire on December 31, 2009, and 

apply to filings through calendar year 2009.¿ 

* * * * * * * 

SECTION 7456 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 

1986 

SEC. 7456. ADMINISTRATION OF OATHS AND PROCUREMENT OF TESTIMONY. 

(a) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(c) INCIDENTAL POWERS.—The Tax Court and each division 

thereof shall have power to punish by fine or imprisonment, at its 

discretion, such contempt of its authority, and none other, as—

(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

It shall have such assistance in the carrying out of its lawful writ, 

process, order, rule, decree, or command as is available to a court 

of the United States. The United States marshal for any district in 

which the Tax Court is sitting shall, when requested by the chief 

judge of the Tax Court, attend any session of the Tax Court in such 

districtø.¿ and may otherwise provide for the security of the Tax 

Court, including the personal protection of Tax Court judges, court 

officers, witnesses, and other threatened person in the interests of 

justice, where criminal intimidation impedes on the functioning of 

the judicial process or any other official proceeding. 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
24 

TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE 

* * * * * * * 

PART I—CRIMES 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 7—ASSAULT 

Sec. 

111. Assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain officers or employees. 

* * * * * * * 

119. Protection of individuals performing certain official duties. 

* * * * * * * 

§ 115. Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal 

official by threatening or injuring a family member 

(a) * * * 

(b)ø(1) An assault in violation of this section shall be punished 

as provided in section 111 of this title.¿ (1) The punishment for an 

assault in violation of this section is a fine under this title and—

(A) if the assault consists of a simple assault, a term of imprisonment for not more than one year, or both; 

(B) if the assault resulted in bodily injury (as defined in 

section 1365), a term of imprisonment for not more than 10 

years; 

(C) if the assault resulted in serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365), a term of imprisonment for not more 

than 15 years; or 

(D) if a dangerous weapon was used during and in relation 

to the offense, a term of imprisonment for not more than 30 

years. 

* * * * * * * 

§ 119. Protection of individuals performing certain official 

duties 

(a) IN GENERAL.—Whoever knowingly makes restricted personal 

information about a covered official, or a member of the immediate 

family of that covered official, publicly available—

(1) with the intent to threaten, intimidate, or incite the 

commission of a crime of violence against that covered official, 

or a member of the immediate family of that covered official; or 

(2) with the intent and knowledge that the restricted personal information will be used to threaten, intimidate, or facilitate the commission of a crime of violence against that covered 

official, or a member of the immediate family of that covered official, 

shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, 

or both. 

(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section—

(1) the term ‘‘restricted personal information’’ means, with 

respect to an individual, the Social Security number, the home 

address, home phone number, mobile phone number, personal 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
25 

email, or home fax number of, and identifiable to, that individual; 

(2) the term ‘‘covered official’’ means— (A) an individual designated in section 1114; 

(B) a grand or petit juror, witness, or other officer in 

or of, any court of the United States, or an officer who may 

be serving at any examination or other proceeding before 

any United States magistrate judge or other committing 

magistrate; 

(C) a public safety officer (as that term is defined in 

section 1204 of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe 

Streets Act of 1968) who is employed by a public agency 

that receives Federal financial assistance; and 

(D) a paid informant or any witness in a Federal 

criminal investigation or prosecution or in a State criminal 

investigation or prosecution of an offense that is in or affects interstate or foreign commerce; 

(3) the term ‘‘crime of violence’’ has the meaning given the 

term in section 16; and 

(4) the term ‘‘immediate family’’ has the meaning given the 

term in section 115(c)(2). 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 44—FIREARMS 

* * * * * * * 

§ 930. Possession of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal facilities 

(a) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), whoever knowingly 

possesses or causes to be present a firearm or other dangerous 

weapon in a Federal court facility, or attempts to do so, shall be 

fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both. 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 51—HOMICIDE 

* * * * * * * 

§ 1112. Manslaughter 

(a) * * * 

(b) Within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 

the øUnited States,¿ United States— øWhoever is guilty of voluntary manslaughter,¿ 

(1) subject to paragraph (3), whoever is guilty of voluntary 

manslaughter shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not 

more than ten years, or both; 

øWhoever is guilty of involuntary manslaughter,¿ 

(2) subject to paragraph (3), whoever is guilty of involuntary manslaughter shall be fined under this title or imprisoned 

not more than six years, or bothø.¿; and 

(3) whoever is guilty of an offense under section 1114 or 

chapter 73 that involved a killing shall—


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
26 

(A) in the case of voluntary manslaughter, be fined 

under this title, imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or 

both; and 

(B) in the case of involuntary manslaughter, be fined 

under this title, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or 

both. 

* * * * * * * 

CHAPTER 73—OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE 

Sec. 

1501. Assault on process server. 

* * * * * * * 

1521. Retaliating against a Federal judge or Federal law enforcement officer by 

false claim or slander of title. 

* * * * * * * 

§ 1512. Tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant 

(a)(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(3) The punishment for an offense under this subsection is—

ø(A) in the case of murder (as defined in section 1111), the 

death penalty or imprisonment for life, and in the case of any 

other killing, the punishment provided in section 1112;¿ 

(A) in the case of a killing, the punishment provided in sections 1111 and 1112; 

(B) in the case of—

(i) an attempt to murder; or 

(ii) the use or attempted use of physical force against 

any person; 

imprisonment for not more than ø20 years¿ 30 years; and 

(C) in the case of the threat of use of physical force against 

any person, imprisonment for not more than ø10 years¿ 20 

years. (b) Whoever knowingly uses intimidation, threatens, or corruptly persuades another person, or attempts to do so, or engages 

in misleading conduct toward another person, with intent to— (1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than øten 

years¿ 20 years, or both. 

* * * * * * * 

(d) Whoever intentionally harasses another person and thereby 

hinders, delays, prevents, or dissuades any person from— (1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned 

not more than øone year¿ 3 years, or both. 

* * * * * * * 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
27 

§ 1513. Retaliating against a witness, victim, or an informant 

(a)(1) Whoever kills or attempts to kill another person with intent to retaliate against any person for—

(A) * * * 

(B) providing to a law enforcement officer any information 

relating to the commission or possible commission of a Federal 

offense or a violation of conditions of probation, supervised release,ø,¿ parole, or release pending judicial proceedings, 

shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2). 

(2) The punishment for an offense under this subsection is—

(A) * * * 

(B) in the case of an attempt, imprisonment for not more 

than ø20 years¿ 30 years. 

(b) Whoever knowingly engages in any conduct and thereby 

causes bodily injury to another person or damages the tangible 

property of another person, or threatens to do so, with intent to retaliate against any person for—

(1) * * * 

(2) any information relating to the commission or possible 

commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of 

probation, supervised release,ø,¿ parole, or release pending judicial proceedings given by a person to a law enforcement officer; 

or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned 

not more than øten years¿ 20 years, or both. 

* * * * * * * 

ø(e)¿ (f) Whoever conspires to commit any offense under this 

section shall be subject to the same penalties as those prescribed 

for the offense the commission of which was the object of the conspiracy. 

(g) A prosecution under this section may be brought in the district in which the official proceeding (whether pending, about to be 

instituted, or completed) was intended to be affected, or in which the 

conduct constituting the alleged offense occurred. 

* * * * * * * 

§ 1521. Retaliating against a Federal judge or Federal law 

enforcement officer by false claim or slander of title 

Whoever files, attempts to file, or conspires to file, in any public 

record or in any private record which is generally available to the 

public, any false lien or encumbrance against the real or personal 

property of an individual described in section 1114, on account of 

the performance of official duties by that individual, knowing or 

having reason to know that such lien or encumbrance is false or 

contains any materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or 

representation, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not 

more than 10 years, or both. 

* * * * * * * 

PART II—CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 

* * * * * * * 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
28 

CHAPTER 229—POSTSENTENCE ADMINISTRATION 

* * * * * * * 

SUBCHAPTER C—IMPRISONMENT 

* * * * * * * 

§ 3624. Release of a prisoner 

(a) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(e) SUPERVISION AFTER RELEASE.—A prisoner whose sentence 

includes a term of supervised release after imprisonment shall be 

released by the Bureau of Prisons to the supervision of a probation 

officer who shall, during the term imposed, supervise the person released to the degree warranted by the conditions specified by the 

sentencing court. The term of supervised release commences on the 

day the person is released from imprisonment and runs concurrently with any Federal, State, or local term of probation or supervised release or parole for another offense to which the person is 

subject or becomes subject during the term of supervised release. 

A term of supervised release does not run during any period in 

which the person is imprisoned in connection with a conviction for 

a Federal, State, or local crime unless the imprisonment is for a 

period of less than 30 consecutive days. øNo prisoner shall be released on supervision unless such prisoner agrees to adhere to an 

installment schedule, not to exceed two years except in special circumstances, to pay for any fine imposed for the offense committed 

by such prisoner.¿ Upon the release of a prisoner by the Bureau of 

Prisons to supervised release, the Bureau of Prisons shall notify 

such prisoner, verbally and in writing, of the requirement that the 

prisoner adhere to an installment schedule, not to exceed two years 

except in special circumstances, to pay for any fine imposed for the 

offense committed by such prisoner, and of the consequences of failure to pay such fines under sections 3611 through 3614 of this title. 

* * * * * * * 

VIOLENT CRIME CONTROL AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 

ACT OF 1994 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE III—CRIME PREVENTION 

* * * * * * * 

Subtitle Q—Community-Based Justice 

Grants for Prosecutors 

* * * * * * * 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
29 

SEC. 31702. USE OF FUNDS. 

Grants made by the Attorney General under this section shall 

be used—

(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

(3) to fund programs that coordinate criminal justice resources with educational, social service, and community resources to develop and deliver violence prevention programs, 

including mediation and other conflict resolution methods, 

treatment, counseling, educational, and recreational programs 

that create alternatives to criminal activity; øand¿ 

(4) in rural States (as defined in section 1501(b) of title I 

of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 

U.S.C. 3796bb(B)), to fund cooperative efforts between State 

and local prosecutors, victim advocacy and assistance groups, 

social and community service providers, and law enforcement 

agencies to investigate and prosecute child abuse cases, treat 

youthful victims of child abuse, and work in cooperation with 

the community to develop education and prevention strategies 

directed toward the issues with which such entities are 

concernedø.¿; and 

(5) by a State, unit of local government, or Indian tribe to 

create and expand witness and victim protection programs to 

prevent threats, intimidation, and retaliation against victims of, 

and witnesses to, violent crimes. 

* * * * * * * 

øSEC. 31707. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

øThere are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subtitle—

ø(1) $7,000,000 for fiscal year 1996; 

ø(2) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1997; 

ø(3) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1998; 

ø(4) $11,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and 

ø(5) $12,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.¿ 

SEC. 31707. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

There are authorized to be appropriated $20,000,000 for each of 

the fiscal years 2008 through 2012 to carry out this subtitle. 

* * * * * * * 

OMNIBUS CRIME CONTROL AND SAFE STREETS ACT OF 

1968 

* * * * * * * 

TITLE I—JUSTICE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT 

* * * * * * * 

PART E—BUREAU OF JUSTICE ASSISTANCE GRANT PROGRAMS

* * * * * * * 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
30 

Subpart 2—Discretionary Grants 

CHAPTER B—GRANTS TO PUBLIC AGENCIES 

CORRECTIONAL OPTIONS GRANTS

SEC. 515. (a) The Director, in consultation with the Director of 

the National Institute of Corrections, may make— (1) * * * 

(2) grants to private nonprofit organizations— (A) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

in connection with a correctional option (excluding the cost of construction); øand¿ 

(3) grants to public agencies to establish, operate, and support 

boot camp prisonsø.¿; and 

(4) grants to State courts to improve security for State and local 

court systems. 

(b) The selection of applicants to receive grants under paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall be based on their potential 

for developing or testing various innovative alternatives to traditional modes of incarceration and offender release programs. In selecting the applicants to receive grants under subsection (a)(3), the 

Director shall—

(1) * * * 

* * * * * * * 

Priority shall be given to State court applicants under subsection 

(a)(4) that have the greatest demonstrated need to provide security 

in order to administer justice. 

* * * * * * * 

ALLOCATION OF FUNDS; ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS

SEC. 516. (a) Of the total amount appropriated for this chapter 

in any fiscal year, ø80¿ 70 percent shall be used to make grants 

under section 515(a)(1), 10 percent shall be used to make grants 

under section 515(a)(2), øand 10¿ 10 percent for section 515(a)(3), 

and 10 percent for section 515(a)(4). 

* * * * * * * 

PART Y—MATCHING GRANT PROGRAM FOR 

LAW ENFORCEMENT ARMOR VESTS 

SEC. 2501. PROGRAM AUTHORIZED. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance is authorized to make grants to States, units of local government, and Indian tribes to purchase armor vests for use by State, 

local, and tribal law enforcement officers and State and local court 

officers. 

(b) USES OF FUNDS.—Grants awarded under this section shall 

be—

(1) distributed directly to the State, unit of local government, State or local court, or Indian tribe; and 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
31 

(2) used for the purchase of armor vests for law enforcement officers in the jurisdiction of the grantee. 

* * * * * * * 

PRESIDENTIAL THREAT PROTECTION ACT OF 2000 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 6. FUGITIVE APPREHENSION TASK FORCES. 

(a) * * * 

(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized 

to be appropriated to the Attorney General for the United States 

Marshals Service to carry out the provisions of this section 

$30,000,000 for the fiscal year 2001, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 

2002, øand¿ $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2003, and $10,000,000 for 

each of the fiscal years 2008 through 2012. 

* * * * * * * 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARING
32 

COMMITTEE JURISDICTION LETTERS


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARINGHR660-1.eps
33 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARINGHR660-2.eps
34 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARINGHR660-3.eps
35 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARINGHR660-4.eps
36 

Æ 


ccoleman on PRODPC75 with HEARINGHR660-5.eps