JPL Publication 91-18

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than e_.sting accelzromL_rs with th_ same sensitivity. It is hoped that

other sensors based on tunneling _ll b_ a$1c W d_.ct vibration, pressure,

infrared radiation, force, magnetiz fields, and microscopic d_t particles.

The _ip, wf_ah is the source for th_ tunneling electrons, is formed by

_mdercui_ing a small o_a_ mask with an an_ropic siScon etchant. The

geometrlcal face_s on the tip _ ca_r su_¢_ surr___z_ng it result

from the _o_Ic nature of the _t. _.e _ is c.oa_zd _ith 3000

of gold_ qc_hen the tip is positioned zO A abow a _ezond flat gold e.llatrode,

inc_vidual ei_ztrons can "tunnel through" _h_ _ty spazl b_wte_ th_

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In g_ra_ thi probabi_y for tunnzSng depem_,_e_pc_ncu_y oa

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A wor_ng miniature high.sensitivity accelerometeranda _niature Gol_ycell infrared detector wer_ construc_d recently at the MDL with

tu_e_ tr_._du.aers _ th_ pro_type's.
JPL Publication 91-18

Center for Space Microelectronics Technology

1990 Technical Report

July 15, 1991

I ASA

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

Pasadena, California C S M T
The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion

Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration, Strategic Defense Initiative

Organization/Innovative Science and Technology Office, Defense Advanced Research

Projects Agency, U. S. Army, U. S. Navy, U. S. Air Force, and U. S. Department of

Energy.

Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,

trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by

the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of

Technology.

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United

States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor

any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal

liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any

information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not

infringe privately owned fights.
Abstract

The 1990 Technical Report of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Center for Space

Microelectronics Technology summarizes the technical accomplishments, publications,

presentations, and patents of the center during the past year. The report lists 130

publications, 226 presentations, and 87 new technology reports and patents.

°,°

111
iri
Table of Contents

Director's Report ................................................................................... 1

Technical Highlights ....................................................................................... 1

Programmatic Highlights ................................................................................ 2

Institutional Highlights .................................................................................... 3

Io Solid State Devices. ...................................................................... 5

Overview ......................................................................................................... 7

1990 Major Technical Achievements ............................................................. 7

Technical Progress Reports

Electron Tunneling .................................................................................. 14

Superconductivity. ................................................................................... 17

Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology .................................... 20

Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization ..................... 23

Electronic Device Technology ................................................................ 26

Infrared Detectors .................................................................................... 27

Charge-Coupled Devices. ........................................................................ 30

Diamond Film Technology ..................................................................... 32

Silicon Micromachining .......................................................................... 33

II. Photonics .................................................................................... 35

Overview ....................................................................................................... 37

1990 Major Technical Achievements ........................................................... 37

Technical Progress Reports

Spatial Light Modulators ......................................................................... 42

Lasers ...................................................................................................... 43

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits .......................................................... 45

Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices ............................................... 46

Fiber Optics and Optical Networking ..................................................... 49

Photovoltaic Technology. ........................................................................ 50

Optical Processing ................................................................................... 51

III. Advanced Computing ............................................................... 55

Overview ....................................................................................................... 57

1990 Major Technical Achievements ........................................................... 57

Technical Progress Reports

Parallel Computation ............................................................................... 62

Neural and Analog Computing ............................................................... 67

Neural and Nonlinear Theory .................................................................. 71

Data Storage ............................................................................................ 76

Vector Supercomputing for Solar Physics .............................................. 78

Vector Supercomputing Applications for Astrophysics .......................... 79

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IV.

V!

Custom Microcircuits ............................................................... 81

Overview ....................................................................................................... 83

1990 Major Technical Achievements ........................................................... 83

Technical Progress Reports

Application Specific Integrated Circuits ................................................. 85

Quality Assurance and Space Qualification Methodology ..................... 86

Appendix .................................................................................... 89

CSMT-Caltech Campus Collaboration (Cumulative List) ............................ 91

Distinguished Visiting Scientists (Cumulative List) ..................................... 93

Conferences and Workshops Sponsored and/or Hosted by CSMT

(Cumulative List) .......................................................................................... 96

vi
Director's Report

The Center for Space Microelectronics Technology (CSMT) was established in 1987 at the

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The

CSMT's mission is to perform research and advanced development in the area of

microelectronics to support new space missions for the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD).

Among the CSMT's activities are the development and evaluation of new electronic and

optical concepts for improved sensors, high-data-rate information processing and storage,

and real-time signal processing. The Center explores novel concepts in advanced, solidstate devices for application in space, and develops the technological base to advance space

computing concepts and architectures. Four major research areas are encompassed: solidstate devices, photonics, custom microcircuits, and advanced computing.

The Director's Report focuses on recent CSMT achievements on the technical,

programmatic, and institutional fronts.

Technical Highlights

On the technical front for 1990, the CSMT has a number of achievements to report. CSMT

scientists and engineers accomplished the following:

Development of a submicron size superconductor-insulator-superconductor

(Nb/A1203/Nb) tunnel junction mixer element that yielded the lowest noise

temperature ever seen in a 205-gigahertz receiver.

Invention and demonstration of a silicon-based (SixGel_x/Si) heterojunction

infrared detector with 6-percent quantum efficiency at 8 microns, 3-percent

quantum efficiency at 12 microns, and photoresponse at up to 17 microns.

Demonstration of a gallium arsenide multiple-quantum-well infrared detector with

peak response at 12 microns (at AT&T Bell Laboratories).

Demonstration of InGaAs/GaAs/A1GaAs lasers with the highest power ever

achieved from a cleaved, single-stripe structure. These 980 nm lasers also exhibit

record reliabilities, making them ideal for pumping Er-doped fiber amplifiers for

long-distance optical communications applications.

Development of a high-temperature superconducting coplanar waveguide filter with

cutoff at 10 gigahertz; demonstration of performance superior to copper at 77

kelvins. Five f'flters were space qualified and delivered to the Naval Research

Laboratory for the planned Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) space

experiment.

Demonstration of an electron tunnel-sensor-based accelerometer micromachined

from single-crystal silicon. Achievement of noise-limited sensitivity of 10 -8 g/_H_

in a device the size of a penny.
Implementationof neuralnetworklearningalgorithmsusinganalogvery large scale

integration (VLSI) chips interfacing with digital computers. Demonstration of

learning using a robotic arm.

Invention of a new analog VLSI architecture for solving the resource allocation

problem. Demonstration of a weapon-target assignment problem in hardware.

Circuit simulations suggest that 60 resources would be assigned to 20 consumers in

less than 30 microseconds.

Demonstration of an Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF) coupled to a chargecoupled device imager to form a compact tunable spectral analysis system.

Programmatic Highlights

The CSMT hosted or cohosted a number of technical workshops and conferences over the

past year. Four are listed below.

The First International Workshop on Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy, held

at the Laboratory on March 9, 1990.

The Terahertz Technology Symposium, organized with the NASA Center for Space

Terahertz Technology and held at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor from

March 5 to 6, 1990.

The Innovative Long-Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, held at the

Laboratory from April 24 to 26, 1990.

The Image Recognition Workshop, held at the Laboratory from May 17 to 18,

1990, and sponsored by the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization/Innovative

Science and Technology Office.

Also during the past year, the CSMT Director served on a visiting technical review

committee for the Office of Naval Research, cochaired two of the above workshops,

participated in Joint Services Electronics Program reviews at Stanford and the University

of Southern California, served on the Technical Review Committee for the University of

Michigan Center for Space Terahertz Technology, served on the NASA Sensor Working

Group, participated in NASA/Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology longrange planning meetings, made a presentation to the NASA Space Systems Technology

Advisory Committee (SSTAC) on infrared detectors, and participated in the

SDIO/Innovative Science and Technology Office technical interchanges with the SDIO

National Test Bed in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

CSMT personnel worked closely with program managers at NASA, SDIO, the Defense

Advanced Research Projects Agency and the U.S. Army to define and plan technical

programs that met each sponsor's needs and achieved maximum synergism for the overall

CSMT effort. This involved extensive discussions with space technology users at NASA

and the Department of Defense. Discussions on specific technologies were held with the

NASA Office of Space Science and Applications and Office of the Space Station; the U.S.

Air Force Space Division, Electronic Systems Division, and Rome Air Development

Center; the U.S. Army Space and Strategic Systems and Space Technology and Research

Offices; the Naval Air Development Center, Surface Warfare Center, and Weapons Center;

and the SDIO National Test Bed.

2
TheCSMTagainhostedseveralDistinguishedVisiting Scientistsin 1990.Participating

wereStevenLyon ofPrincetonUniversity,LeoSchowalterof RensselaerPolytechnic

Institute,DavidCasasentof Carnegie-MellonUniversity,CraigDavisof theFordMotor

Company,RaviAthaleof GeorgeMasonUniversity,James Mayer of Cornell University,

and Michael Spencer, Howard University.

Institutional Highlights

The Microdevices Laboratory (MDL) has been completed and occupied since December,

1989. The MDL became fully operational in early 1990, and today represents one of the

f'mest microelectronics research and development facilities in the world. In addition to JPL

researchers, the MDL serves several Caltech faculty who are active in the CSMT program.

During 1990, the CSMT technical thrust formerly named "Computer Architecture and

Subsystems," was renamed "Advanced Computing" to reflect the broad range of activities

in advanced space-based and high-performance, ground-based computing being pursued

in the program.

On November 13, 1990, a new consortium of 14 research institutions was formed to

procure and utilize the Intel Delta parallel supercomputer. The Delta, based on technology

invented at Caltech, will have 528 nodes with a peak performance of 32 gigaflops, which

makes it the world's most powerful computer. The Delta is housed at the Caltech Campus

and is available to JPL users over the network. Consortium partners include Caltech and

JPL, NASA, DARPA, the National Science Foundation, several U.S. Department of

Energy laboratories, and other institutions. The Delta will be used by the CSMT to address

large, computationally intensive problems in space science, design of spacecraft systems,

and the analysis and visualization of space data.

Carl A. Kukkonen, Director

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I. Solid State Devices

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Overview

N92-14772

The Solid State Device Research Program is directed toward developing innovative devices

for space remote and in-situ sensing, and for data processing. Innovative devices can

result from the "standard" structures in innovative materials such as low and high

temperature superconductors, strained-layer superlattices, or diamond films. Innovative

devices can also result from "innovative" structures achieved using electron tunneling or

nanolithography in standard materials. A final step is to use both innovative structures and

innovative materials. A new area of emphasis is the miniaturization of sensors and

instruments molded by using the techniques of electronic device fabrication to

micromachine silicon into micromechanical and electromechanical sensors and actuators.

1990 Major Technical Achievements

Electron Tunneling

Hosted the first workshop on Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (BEEM),

developed at JPL, on March 9, 1990. About 70 scientific representatives from the

U. S., Europe, and the Far East attended. Ten invited speakers presented talks on

new BEEM results and theory. Many groups worldwide are now active in BEEM

research on technologically important material systems.

Advanced the understanding of carrier transport in CoSi2/Si infrared sensor

structures using the technique of BEEM. These studies show that there is a large

defect density which results in a large lateral variation in the efficiency of carder

transport through the interface. These types of studies can be used to help optimize

the efficiency of sensor structures.

Advanced the understanding of carder scattering processes in device structures.

A Monte Carlo simulation of carder scattering processes in metals was developed

for application to BEEM theory.

Superconductivity

Experimental: Both the dc and ac (10 - 105 Hz) transport properties of hightemperature superconducting epi-films and single crystals have been studied in the

presence of moderate magnetic fields (up to 7 kG). The ac conductivity experiments

in the described frequency range are the first direct transport measurements of the

magneto-impedance of high-temperature superconductors. These electrical transport

measurements provide useful information on the nature on the "true"

superconducting state (the so-called "vortex-solid" state).

Theoretical: The finite size effect on the vortex-solid/vortex-liquid melting

transition of high-temperature superconductors has been investigated. (See

Publications.) The microwave magneto-impedance of high-temperature

superconductors in the presence of high magnetic fields has also been studied based

on a "thermally activated flux flow" model. (See Publications.) Both theoretical

investigations are the first of this kind of quantitative studies in high-temperature

superconductivity.

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Fabricated high-Q superconducting oxide, X-band, microwave cavities using

unique melt deposition process. Observed Q-values in excess of 105 , significantly

higher than any previously reported for superconducting oxides. Process produces

high quality Bi2Sr2CaCu20 8 oriented films on curved MgO ceramic substrates.

Hermetically sealed cavities are compact with good mechanical and thermal

stability. We believe this could lead to near term applications.

Prepared melt deposited films of Bi2Sr2CaCu20 8 on MgO with clean, oriented

crystals, with diameters up to about one millimeter, for etching studies and surface

analyses. Learned that Br-ethanol etch produces g_ercbnducting surfaces,

and that as little as one minute exposure to air produces significant surface

alteration. Also learned that clean surfaces in the normal state have a sharp Fermi

edge.

Established a laser ablation process for the deposition of high quality thin films of

the high temperature superconductor YBaCuO. The deposition system includes a

load-lock for rapid sample turn-around and a main growth chamber with three

electron-beam guns and four sputter guns. This growth chamber design enables the

deposition of multiple materials during a single run, which is an essential feature for

practical device fabrication.

Fabricated low-pass microwave filters with a 9.5 GHz cutoff frequency from thin

films of YBaCuO. These filters were delivered to the Naval Research Laboratory

for the High Temperature Superconductor Space Experiment (HTSSE) sponsored

by SDI/IST. The objective of this satellite-based experiment, scheduled to launch

in 1992, is to demonstrate and evaluate the technology required for the practical

application of high-temperature superconductor devices in the space environment.

+

Fabricated both edge-geometry and planar-geometry YBaCuO/Au/Nb

microbridges. From a device viewpoint, the planar-geometry structures probe the

short-coherence-length c-axis, but have the advantage of being fabricated entirely in

situ. The edge-geometry device, in contrast, probes the longer coherence length a-b

surface. These studies will lead to the fabrication of high-quality microbridges for a

variety of applications, including low loss, high speed interconnects and SQUIDS.

Elucidated the chemical nature of the tunnel barrier in YBaCuO/Pb tunnel

junctions using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. These studies determined that

the barrier consists of a combination of BaCO3 formed from air exposure and a

reaction between the YBaCuO and Pb counterelectrode. Further study of these

barriers and others may lead to the fabrication of high quality, low leakage high

temperature superconductor tunnel junctions.

Extended our previously developed chemical techniques for the preparation of

superconducting surfaces on YBaCuO to other high temperature superconductors.

It was demonstrated with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy that wet chemical

cleaning techniques can be successfully applied to superconducting thin films of

BiSrCaCuO, T1BaCaCuO, and NdCeCuO.

Developed a surface passivati0n technology for YBaCuO using chemical

techniques to form nonreactive compounds on the film surface. Using X-ray

photoemission spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that H3C204 or H2SO4

treatment can be used to prevent reaction with water, while leaving the bulk of the

superconducting film intact.

8

s
Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology

Developed materials and device technology for the fabrication of state-of-the-art

all-refractory superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions.

Planar geometry Nb/A1Ox/Nb, and both edge and planar geometry NbN/MgO/NbN

tunnel junctions with areas down to 0.1 _m 2 have been fabricated. The fabrication

of submicron planar geometry tunnel junctions has required several innovations

including the development of anisotropic reactive ion etches and electron-beam

lithographic pattern transfer techniques. Nb/A1Ox/Nb tunnel junctions with areas of

0.25 I.tm2 have been tested in heterodyne receiver systems in the 200 GHz regime

at several laboratories. Mixer performances which equal or surpass those of the

more mature Pb-alloy based SIS mixers have been achieved. As a result Nb tunnel

junctions fabricated at JPL will be used at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory for

observing at 115 and 230 GHz. Current efforts are directed toward the extension

of this technology to higher frequencies and to quasioptical coupling

configurations. Nb/A1Ox/Nb and NbN/MgO/NbN SIS mixers for operation at 626

and 500 GHz have been fabricated and will be tested in the near future.

Integrated microstrip tuning elements were designed and tested with NbN

mesa junctions. These tuning elements were critical in supplying, for the first time,

the appropriate rf-embedding impedance for these junctions. Measurements of

mixer conversion, G m, and mixer noise temperature, T m, were made using our

waveguide SIS mixer at 200-210 GHz. We obtained G m = -11.2 dB, and T m =

134 _+10 K using a 1 I_m 2 junction at a physical temperature of 1.5 K. Mixer

performance improved on cooling from 4.2 K to 1.5 K, suggesting the presence of

a temperature-dependent loss mechanism. The importance of the long magnetic

penetration depth (3000-4000 A) in NbN on the microstrip design was determined.

In addition, very high current density, submicron NbN edge junctions without

integrated tuning elements were tested. These junctions gave comparable

performance with G m = -10.7 dB, and T m = 145 _+10 K at 4.2 K. These are the

best results ever achieved for SIS mixers using NbN junctions.

Investigated mixer performance using submicron Nb-AIOx-Nb junctions. We

obtained G m = -2.1 dB, and T m = 60 _+10 K at 4.2 K. These are single sideband

results (sideband ratio 19 dB). This is the best result ever reported for an SIS

mixer near 200 GHz.

In another effort, a method was developed for actively varying the rf electrical

length of a planar transmission line using a mechanical tuner. This tuner consists of

a thin metallic plate with holes in it which provide a periodic variation of the

transmission line impedance to enhance the rf reflection coefficient. The plate is

insulated from the fine by a thin mylar insulator. It can be easily slid along the line

to vary the electrical length. Thus, planar rf transmission lines can be actively tuned

after fabrication. This will allow for more rapid optimization of high-frequency

planar-integrated circuits for receiver applications. This is the first demonstration of

such a mechanical tuner.

Quasi-optical SIS mixer devices of a new design were successfully fabricated.

These mixers employ a twin-slot antenna and a superconducting microstrip

transmission line to couple the signal radiation into a 1-2 ktm 2 Nb/A1-Oxide/Nb

tunnel junction. Receiver tests are now under way at 500 GHz.

9
Developednewopticsfor quasiopticalreceiversystemfor theTHz frequency

range. Thecouplingefficiencyis afactorof 3 higherthanpreviousdesignsand

achievesefficienciesasgoodaswaveguidehornantennas.Successfultestsat 345

GHz and492GHz werecardedoutattheCaltechSubmillirneterObservatoryin

JuneandOctoberof 1990.

Fabricated planar SIS mixer array and test cryostat. This is the first time a true

heterodyne planar SIS array receiver has been built for the submillimeter wave

band. Extensive performance evaluation will begin in FY91.

Designed, fabricated, and analyzed a new broadband submillimeter wave

dichroic plate for use at high-incidence angles. For the first time an electrically

thick dichroic plate was fabricated at 1 THz with a bandwidth in excess of 25% at a

45" incidence angle.

Successfully designed and fabricated diodes on thick GaAs wafers which were

subsequently "lifted off" and transferred to quartz in a process which will prove

invaluable for the fabrication of ultra thin planar devices to be used in high

frequency mixers, multipliers and direct detectors.

Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization

Developed an MBE-based technique for fabricating stoichiometric silicide

columns embedded in single-crystal silicon epitaxial layers. This technology has

applications in infrared detectors and high-voltage electronics.

Invented method based on embedded columnar growth of silicides to fabricate

tailorable three-dimensional composite materials. Demonstrated fabrication of

nanometer-scale particles with well-defined aspect ratios using TEM and optical

probes.

Demonstrated the fabrication of high-quality InAs/GaAs quantum well

structures, using novel polarization-dependent optical absorption technique. These

are the highest strain pseudomorphic structures grown to date.

Made operational an atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) growth capability based on

existing MOCVD system. Demonstrated atomic layer control in the growth of InAs

epitaxial layers. This capability will enable the fabrication of new superlattice

structures for infrared detectors.

Demonstrated the growth of high-quality GaSb-based alloys by LPE and GalnP

by MOCVD for special-wavelength laser applications.

10
Infrared Detectors

Invented and demonstrated the feasibility of a novel silicon compatible LWIR

detector based on Si/SiGe heterojunction structure. This Heterojunction Internal

Photoemission (HIP) detector has shown response up to 15 _tm with internal

quantum efficiencies of 5%. Efforts are under way to optimize the structure to

enhance the internal quantum efficiency.

Invented and demonstrated the feasibility of GaAs/A1GaAs heterojunction

LWlR detector. The absorbtion measurements indicate that this Heterojunction

Internal Photoemission (HIP) detector will respond in the entire 81.tm-171.tm range.

Demonstrated PtSi/Si columnar Schottky diode detectors and layered internal

photoemission detectors which outperform Schottky detectors fabricated by

conventional design. These detectors are based on the development of new threedimensionally structured silicide-in-silicon growth techniques.

Fabricated p-type Si homojunction detectors by MBE with quantum efficiencies

of- 5% in the 8-12 gm range. This is orders of magnitude higher sensitivity than

previously reported in Japan for n-type homojunction devices, and indicates that

this approach offers promise as a viable LWIR technology.

Charge-Coupled Devices

Developed and demonstrated a design/processing technique to reduce dark

current generation in CCDs to the lowest possible level. Dark current generation

rates of less than 6 pico-amps/cm 2 have been achieved by several CCD

manufacturers using the technique developed by JPL.

Developed and demonstrated predictive model of proton damage to CCDs and

utilized it to design NASA flight imaging cameras working in high energy radiation

environments (e.g. NASA's CRAF/Cassini imaging and star tracking cameras),

Developed and demonstrated a CCD technology to achieve sub-electron read

noise floors. Noise levels less than 0.5 electrons rms have been measured.

Developed and demonstrated a CCD technology to improve low-level charge

transfer efficiency in high energy radiation environments. A factor of ten

improvement has been realized. NASA's CRAF/Cassini and potentially the Hubble

Space Telescope missions will be the first users of notch CCDs.

Developed a clocking technique to allow mapping of single electron traps in

CCDs. The technique has been mainly used to screen for good silicon wafers to

achieve the highest charge transfer efficiency possible for the CCD. Pocket

pumping is also employed to characterize radiation damage effects in CCDs and

other semiconductor components.

Developed and demonstrated a CCD clocking technique which eliminates

image blooming in CCDs due to overexposure of isolated details. This enables

CCD exposures for faint objects in the presence of much brighter targets.

11
Designedand developed a new 512 x 512 CCD technology to combine the best

attributes of multi-phase and virtual-phase CCD technologies. The main feature of

this technology is to achieve high QE in the blue and UV without requiting backside

thinning or organic phosphor coatings.

Designed, developed and demonstrated a high performance 1024 x 1024

pixel CCD for NASA's CRAF/Cassini project. Several hundred cosmetically free

CCDs have been fabricated and several are now being used at institutions

worldwide.

Designed and developed two new state-of-the-art CCDs as backup for the

Wide Field/Planetary Camera II flight CCDs for the Space Telescope Project. The

first CCD is an 800 x 800 15-micron pixel detector and the second is an 800 x 800

7.5-micron pixel detector for enhanced resolution.

Organized a working group to address high energy radiation effects on CCD

detectors. Approximately 150 participants attended two, two-day JPL meetings this

year.

Images from the Galileo Solid State Imager from the Wide Field/Planetary Camera

on the Space Telescope have been analyzed to access CCD radiation effects in

space. For example the Galileo CCD has shown significant radiation-induced

damage since launch last year.

Diamond Film Technology

Deposited polycrystalline diamond films on Si substrates in the electron cyclotron

resonance (ECR) system at 10 torr and 590 to 750 degrees C. This brings JPL to

the state of the art in this field. This is an essential lead-in to deposition at further

reduced pressures and temperatures, which is unique to the ECR system and would

enable deposition on thermally sensitive substrates, over relatively large areas and

on curved surfaces.

Deposited diamond-like carbon films as physically and chemically resistant

antireflection coatings for crystalline Si solar cells. High quality films are deposited

at temperatures as low as ambient.

Demonstrated the critical effect of RF bias for producing diamondlike films.

Identified SiC or SiO as interfacial materials between diamond films and

underlying Si substrates. This is important for enhancing nucleation, one of the

most important issues in diamond film development.

Silicon Micromachining

Initiated the development of silicon micromachined neural probes in collaboration

with Professor Pines at Caltech. Ultimately neurons will be cultured on these

probes with the goal of establishing functional synaptic connections with a host

central nervous system.

Fabricated a wind sensor using micromachined silicon sensors as a prototype for

microweather stations for in situ measurements on Mars.

12
Invented and fabricated a prototype of a micromachined single-crystal silicon

accelerometer with an electron tunneling transducer controlled by electrostatic

deflection. Initial tests indicate operation within a factor of 10 on the Shot noise

limit. This work opens the door to the development of monolithic silicon sensors

which will combine high-performance with low-cost, low-power consumption,

compact volume, and array compatibility.

Invented and initiated the fabrication of a micromachined silicon micro-Golay

cell for infrared detection based on an electron tunneling transducer.

Device Fabrication Technology

• E-beam lithography system was made fully operational in the Microdevices

Laboratory thus enabling the:

Fabrication of submicron SIS tunnel junction for submillimeter wave

mixers;

Fabrication of 40 nm gate length, dual-gate HEMTs for lateral tunneling/

2 DEG ballistic transport studies;

Fabrication of a test Ronchi ruling for measuring distances between two

closely spaced celestial objects such as stars and satellites which orbit them.

13
Electron Tunneling

Publications

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

M. H. Hecht, L. D. Bell, and W. J. Kaiser

Proceedings of the XIhh International Congress for Electron Microscopy (San Francisco

Press, Inc., San Francisco, p. 613, 1990)

"Direct Spectroscopy of Electron and Hole Scattering"

L. D. Bell, M. H. Hecht, W. J. Kaiser, and L. C. Davis

Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 2679 (1990)

"Ballistic-Hole Spectroscopy of Interfaces"

M. H. Hecht, L. D. Bell, W. J. Kaiser, and L. C. Davis

Phys. Rev. B, 42 (1990) 7663

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Presentations

"A New Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Probe of Inelastic Scattering in

Metal/Semiconductor Systems"

M. H. Hecht, L. D. Bell, and W. J. Kaiser

American Physical Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 12-16, 1990

"A New Spectroscopy of Electron and Hole Scattering"

L. D. Bell, M. H. Hecht, W. J. Kaiser, and L. C. Davis (Ford)

STM '90, Baltimore, Maryland, July 23, 1990

"Ballistic Hole Spectroscopy of Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces"

W. J. Kaiser, M, H. Hecht, L. D. Bell, and L. C. Davis (Ford)

STM '90, Baltimore, Maryland, July 23, 1990

"Ballistic-Electron-Emission Microscopy: An Electron and Hole Probe of Interfaces"

M. H. Hecht

Solid State Seminar, Stanford University, Feb. 21, 1990, Stanford, CA

"Ballistic-Electron-Emission Microscopy: New Opportunities for Investigation of

Materials, Interfaces, and Carrier Transport"

W. J. Kaiser

University of California, Los Angeles, CA, April 23, 1990

"Semiconductor Interface Electronic Structure Probing with Ballistic Electrons and Holes"

L. D. Bell, M. H. Hecht, F. J. Grunthaner, and William J. Kaiser

Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI), Jan. 31 - Feb. 2, 1990,

Tampa, FL

"Semiconductor Interfacial Microstructure Imaging by Ballistic-Electron-Emission

Microscopy"

L. D. Bell, M. H. Hecht, W. J. Kaiser, and F. J. Grunthaner

Society of Photo:Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), March 18, 1990, San Diego,

CA

14

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"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

M. H. Hecht

Invited presentation, XIIth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Seattle, WA,

August 12-19, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy at 77°K ''

M. H. Hecht

Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy Workshop, Pasadena, CA, March 9, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy: New Results in Interface Research"

M. H. Hecht

Northern California American Vacuum Society Meeting, Menlo Park, CA, June 19, 1990

"Interface Analysis with Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

M. H. Hecht

Invited presentation, 37th National Symposium of the American Vacuum Society, Toronto,

Canada, October 8-12, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy: New Insights into Electron Tunneling and

Transport"

M. H. Hecht

Condensed Matter Seminar, University of California at Berkeley, October 31, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

M. H. Hecht

Xerox PaIo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA, October 30, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy"

W. J. Kaiser

Invited presentation, Gordon Research Conference, Ventura, CA, February 26-March 2,

1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy: New Opportunities for Investigation of Materials,

Interfaces, and Carrier Transport"

W. J. Kaiser

Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy Workshop, Pasadena, CA, March 9, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy: New Opportunities for Investigation of Materials

Interfaces, and Carrier Transport"

W. J. Kaiser

American Physical Society, Tutorial Lecture Series on Condensed Matter Physics, March

11, 1990

"Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy: Imaging and Spectroscopy of Subsurface

Interface Structure and Carder Transport"

W. J. Kaiser

Invited presentation, NATO Solid State Science and Technology Conference, Biarritz,

France, September 16-21, 1990

"A New Scanning Tunneling Microscope Probe of Inelastic Scattering in

Metal/Semiconductor Systems"

M. H. Hecht, L. D. Bell, W. J. Kaiser

American Physical Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 13-16, 1990

15
Patents and New Technology Reports

"Carrier Scattering Spectroscopy Using a Ballistic Emission Microscope"

M. H. Hecht, L. D. Bell, and W. J. Kaiser

JPL New Technology Report 18411/7943

16
Superconductivity

Publications

"Finite Size Effect and Anisotropic Melting of the Vortex Solid in High-Temperature

Superconductors"

N.-C. Yeh

Phys. Rev. B 42, 4850 (1990)

"Continuous Two-Dimensional Melting of the Vortex-Solid in High-Temperature

Superconductors" in "High-Temperature Superconductors: Fundamental Properties and

Novel Materials Processing"

N.-C. Yeh

Edited by D. Christen, J. Narayan, and L. Schneemeyer

Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 169, 23-26 (1990)

"Microwave Applications and Characterization of the Microwave Properties of High

Temperature Superconducting Films"

D. M. Strayer, J. J. Bautista, A. L. Riley, G. J. Dick, R. M. Housley

Proc. SPIE 1292 Superconductivity Applications for Infrared and Microwave Devices, 54-

70 (1990)

"Chemical Removal of Contaminants from Thin Film Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4016 Surfaces"

R. P. Vasquez, R. M. Housley

J. Appl. Phys. 67, 7141 (1990)

"Electrical Characterization of Chemically Modified YBaCuO Surfaces"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, and R. P. Vasquez

Appl. Phys. Lett., 56 (1990) 2678

"Electrical Contact Studies of Chemically Treated YBa2Cu307 Surfaces"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, and R. P. Vasquez

High Tc Superconducting Thin Films: Processing, Characterization, & Applications,

Proceedings # 200, R. L. Stockbauer, S. V. Ka'ishnaswamy, R. Kurtz, Editors (American

Institute of Physics, New York, 1990) p. 212

"Wet Chemical Passivation of YBa2Cu307-x"

R. P. Vasquez, B. D. Hunt, and M. C. Foote

J. Electrochem. Soc., i37 (1990) 2344

"Wet Chemical Techniques for Passivation of YBa2Cu307"

R. P. Vasquez, B. D. Hunt, and M. C. Foote

High Tc Superconducting Thin Films: Processing, Characterization, & Applications,

Proceedings # 200, R. L. Stockbauer, S. V. Krishnaswamy, R. Kurtz, Editors (American

Institute of Physics, New York, 1990), p. 189

"XPS Core Level Spectra of Some Y Compounds"

R. P. Vasquez

J. Electron Spectroscop. Relat. Phenom., 50, (1990) 167

17
Presentations

"Phenomenology of Flux Line Melting and Depinning in High-Temperature

Superconductors"

N.-C. Yeh

American Physical Society 1990 March Conference, Anaheim, CA

"High-Frequency Vortex Dynamics and Dissipation in High-Temperature

Superconductors"

N.-C. Yeh

Materials Research Society 1990 Fall Conference, Boston, MA

"Effect of Oxygen Stoichiometry and Oxygen Diffusion on the Electronic Properties of

High-Temperature Superconducting Oxides"

N.-C. Yeh

Invited presentation, Materials Science Colloquium, UCLA, Jan. 26 (1990)

"A New Era of Superconductivity"

N.-C. Yeh

Invited presentation, Earnest C. Watson Lecture, Caltech, Nov. 14 (1990)

"RF Characterization of HTS Material, NRL Space Experiments"

D.M. Strayer, R.M. Housley

NASA High Temperature Superconductors Program Review

Invited presentation, Catholic University, Washington, D.C., August 1, 1990

"X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Chemically Etched Nd-Ce-Cu-O Surfaces"

R. P. Vasquez, A. Gupta (IBM)

Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA, November 26-30, 1990

"Planar and Edge Geometry SNS Devices for Electrical Surface Characterization of

Epitaxial TBaCuO Films"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, L. J. Bajuk

Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, MA, November 26-30, 1990

"YBaCuO/Au/Nb Device Structures"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, L. Bajuk, R. P. Vasquez

Invited presentation, SPIE Symposium on High Temperature Superconducting Transistors

and Other Devices, Santa Clara, CA, October 4, 1990

"Chemical Nature of the Barrier in Pbft'BaCuO Tunneling Structures"

R. P. Vasquez, M. C. Foote, B. D. Hunt, L. J. Bajuk

American Vacuum Society Meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 8-12, 1990

"Chemical Nature of the Barrier in Pb/YBaCuO Tunneling Structures"

R. P. Vasquez, M. C. Foote, B. D. Hunt, L. J. Bajuk

DARPA 2nd Annual High Temperature Superconductor Workshop, Danvers, MA,

October 3-5, 1990

"YBaCuO/Au/Nb Sandwich Geometry SNS Weak Links on C-Axis Oriented YBaCuO"

M. C. Foote, B. D. Hunt, L. J. Bajuk

Applied Superconductivity Conference, Aspen, CO, September 24-28, 1990

18
"YBaCuO/Au/NbSNSDeviceStructures"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote,R. P.Vasquez

AmericanPhysicalSocietyMeeting,Anaheim,CA, March12-16,1990

"SurfaceChemicalEtchingof BiSrCaCuO Thin Films"

R. P. Vasquez, R. M. Housely

American Physical Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 12-16, 1990

"Edge Geometry YBaCuO/Au/Nb SNS Devices"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, L. J. Bajuk

Applied Superconductivity Conference, Aspen, CO, September 24-28, 1990

"A Low-Pass Coplanar Waveguide Filter for High Temperature Superconductivity Space

Experiment"

A. L. Riley, B. D. Hunt, W. Chew, L. Bajuk, M. C. Foote, D. Roscoe, T. Cooley

2nd World Congress on Superconductivity, Houston, TX, September 11, 1990

"Planar and Edge Geometry YBaCuO/Au/Nb Device Structures"

M. C. Foote, B. D. Hunt, L. J. Bajuk

DARPA 2nd Annual High Temperature Superconductor Workshop, Boston, MA, October

3-5, 1990

"High Temperature Superconductor SNS Devices"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, L. J. Bajuk, R. P. Vasquez

Invited presentation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, December 3, 1990

"YBaCuO/Au/Nb SNS Devices"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, L. J. Bajuk, R. P. Vasquez

General Electric Research and Development Center, Schenectady, NY, December 3, 1990

"Planar and Edge Geometry YBaCuO SNS Devices"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, L. J. Bajuk

DARPA Workshop on Flux Quantum Logic, NIST, Boulder, CO, December 13, 1990

"Low Pass Coplanar Waveguide Filter for NRL HTSSE"

A. L. Riley, B. D. Hunt, W. Chew, L. J. Bajuk, M. C. Foote, D. Rascoe, T. Cooley

NRL HTSSE Review, Washington D.C., December 18, 1990

"High Temperature Superconductor Thin Film Devices"

B. D. Hunt, M. C. Foote, R. P. Vasquez, L. Bajuk

NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, March 26, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor Device Structure Utilizing an Edge-Defined

Weak Link"

B. D. Hunt and M. C. Foote

NASA New Technology Report, submitted 6/15/90 (case #18303/7822)

"Passivation of High Temperature Superconductors"

R. P. Vasquez

NPO 17949/7440 (patent applied for)

19
Submillimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology

Publications

"Performance of All-NbN Superconductive Tunnel Junctions as Mixers at 205 GHz"

W.R. McGrath, J.A. Stern, and H.G. LeDuc

Physica B 165 & 166, 75 (1990)

"Adjustable RF Tuning Elements for Planar Millimeter Wave and Submillimeter Wave

Circuits"

W.R. McGrath, V. Lubecke, D.B. Rutledge

Digest of the 15th Int'l. Conf. on IR and MM Waves (Dec. 1990)

"Performance of SIS Mixers at 205 GHz Employing Submicron Nb and NbN Tunnel

Junctions"

H.H.S. Javadi, W.R. McGrath, S.R. Cypher, B. Bumble, B.D. Hunt, H.G. LeDuc

Digest of the 15th Int'l. Conf. on IR and MM Waves (Dec. 1990)

"Development of a 600-700 GHz SIS Receiver"

W.R. McGrath, K. Jacobs, J. Stern, H. LeDuc, M. Frerking, R.E. Miller

Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, p. 409 (March 1990)

"The Dielectric-Filled Parabola: A New Millimeter/Submillimeter Wavelength

Receiver/Transmitter Front End"

P.H. Siegel and R.J. Dengler

IEEE Trans. Ant. and Prop., 38, no. 12 (Dec. 1990)

"Measured and Computed Performance of a Microstrip Filter Composed of Semi-Insulating

GaAs on a Fused Quartz Substrate"

P.H. Siegel, J. Oswald, R.J. Dengler, D.M. Sheen, and S.M. Ali

IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters (Nov. 1990) (submitted)

Presentations

"Performance of AI1-NbN Superconductive Tunnel Junctions as Mixers at 205 GHz"

W.R. McGrath, J.A. Stern, H.G. LeDuc

19th Int'l. Conf. on Low Temperature Physics, Brighton, UK (Aug. 16-22, 1990)

"Adjustable RF Tuning Elements for Planar Millimeter Wave and Submillimeter Wave

Circuits"

W.R. McGrath, V. Lubecke, D.B. Rutledge

15th Int'l. Conf. on IR and MM Waves, Orlando, FL (Dec. 10-14, 1990)

"Performance of SIS Mixers at 205 GHz Employing Submicron Nb and NbN Tunnel

Junctions"

H.H.S. Javadi, W.R. McGrath, S.R. Cypher, B. Bumble, B.D. Hunt, H.G. LeDuc

15th Int'l. Conf. on IR and MM Waves, Orlando, FL (Dec. 10-14, 1990)

20
"Developmentof a 600-700 GHz SIS Receiver"

W.R. McGrath, K. Jacobs, J. Stem, H. LeDuc, M. Frerking, R.E. Miller

First International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, Univ. of Mich., Ann

Arbor, MI (March 5-7, 1990)

"Performance of NbN Superconductive Tunnel Junctions as SIS Mixers at 205 GHz"

W.R. McGrath, J.A. Stern, H.H.S. Javadi, S.R. Cypher, B.D. Hunt, H.G. LeDuc

Applied Superconductivity Conference, Aspen, CO (Sept. 24-28, 1990)

"A Submillimeter-Wave Heterodyne Array Receiver Using a Dielectric-Filled Parabola:

Concept and Design"

P.H. Siegel

Int'l. Sym. on Space THz Tech. (Mar. 5-6, 1990)

"A Technique for Fabricating Free-Standing Electrically-Thick Metallic Mesh and Parallel

Wire Grids for Use as Submillimeter Wavelength Filters and Polarizers"

P.H. Siegel and J.A. Lichtenberger

1990 IEEE MTI'-S Int'l. Mic. Sym. Digest (June 1990)

"A Planar Heterodyne Array Receiver Using a Dielectric-Filled Parabola"

P.H. Siegel

Invited presentation, Caltech EE Dept. Seminar Series (April 1990)

"Submillimeter-Wave Mixers for Ozone Depletion Monitoring"

P.H. Siegel

Invited presentation, National Radio Astronomy Observatory Seminar (Feb. 1990)

"Development of Components for Submillimeter-Wave Heterodyne Radiometers at JPL"

M.A. Frerking, B.D. Hunt, H.G. LeDuc, W.R. McGrath, P.H. Siegel, and T. Tolmunen

Invited presentation, 29th Liege Astrophysical Colloquium Proceedings (July 1990)

"Characterization of NbN Films and Tunnel Junctions"

J. A. Stern and H. G. LeDuc

Applied Superconductivity Conference, Sept. 24-28, 1990, Aspen, Colorado

"Watt Level Quasi-Optical Monolithic Frequency Multiplier Development"

J. Maserjian, R.J. Hwu, N.C. Luhmann, Jr., L. Sjogren, X.H. Tin, W. Wu,

D.B. Rutledge, B. Hancock, and U. Lieneweg

First NASA International Symposium on Terahertz Technology, University of Michigan,

March 5-6, 1990

"Submicron Area NbN/MgO/NbN Tunnel Junctions for SIS Mixer Applications"

H. G. LeDuc, A. Judas, S. R. Cypher, B. Bumble, B. D. Hunt, and J. A. Stern,

Applied Superconductivity Conference, Sept. 24-28, 1990, Aspen, Colorado

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Adjustable RF Tuning Elements for Microwave, Millimeter Wave, and Submillimeter

Wave Integrated Circuits"

W.R. McGrath, V. Lubecke

JPL Case No. C-18359, Patent Application filed on Dec. 6, 1990

21
"Dielectric-FilledParaboloidalFrontEnds"

P.H.SiegelandR.J.Dengler

NASA Tech.Briefs, vol. 14,no. 9 (Sept.1990)

"AutomaticRangeChangerfor SWRMeter"

R.J.DenglerandP.H.Siegel

NASA Tech.Briefs, vol. 14,no. 8 (Aug. 1990)

"A PhotolithographicallyProducibleAll MetallicParallelWireGrid Polarizerfor Millimeter

andSubmillimeterWavelengths"

P.H.SiegelandR.J.Dengler

JPLNewTech.Report(May 1990)

"TunableSubmillimeterWaveGenerator"

J.MaserjianandA.C. Gossard

JPL I.R. 30-17754/7256

"MillimeterWaveMonolithicDiode-GridFrequencyMultiplier"

J.Maserjian

JPL I.R. 30-17258/6763

22
Semiconducting Materials: Growth and Characterization

Publications

"Confirmation of Temperature-Dependent Photovoltaic Effect on Fermi Level

Measurements of Photoemission Spectroscopy"

S. Chang, I. M. Vitomorov, L. J. Brillson (Xerox), P. D. Kirchner, G. D. Pettit, J. M.

Woodall (IBM), and M. H. Hecht

Phys. Rev. B, 41 (1990)

"Ion Channeling Studies of Single-Crystal Columns of CoSi 2 Embedded in Epitaxial Si on

Si(111) Grown by MBE"

Shin Hashimoto, Q.F. Xiao, W.M. Gibson, C.W. Nieh, and R.W. Fathauer

Nuclear Inst. Meth. in Phys. Res. B 45, 434 (1990)

"Unambiguous Identification of Heavy and Light Hole States in the Photoreflectance of

InGaAs/GaAs Heterostructures"

A. Ksendzov, H. Shen, and F. Pollak

Solid State Communications 73, 11 (1990)

"Resonance Raman Scattering Study of Narrow Gap HgCdTe"

A. Ksendzov, F.H. Pollak, P.M. Amittharaj and J.A. Wilson

Semiconductor Science and Technology 5, $78 (1990)

"Determination of Protein Orientation on Surfaces with X-Ray Photoelectron

Spectroscopy"

R. Margalit and R. P. Vasquez

J. Protein Chem., 9 (1990) 105

"Evaluation of Device Quality Germanium-Germanium Oxynitride Interfaces by HighResolution Transmission Electron Microscopy"

D. C. Paine, James J. Rosenberg, Suzanne C. Martin, and D. Luo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 (14) p. 443, 1 October 1990

"Photovoltaic Effects in Photoemission Studies of Schottky Barrier Formation"

M. H. Hecht

J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B8 (1990) 1018

"Intersubband Infrared Absorption in GexSil_x/Si Superlattice by Photocurrent

Measurement"

R.P.G. Karunasiri, J.S. Park, K. L. Wang, L.J. Cheng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1342 (1990)

"Columnar Growth of CoSi 2 on Si(111), Si(100), and Si(110) by Molecular Beam

Epitaxy"

R.W. Fathauer, C.W. Nieh, Q.F. Xiao, and Shin Hashimoto

Thin Solid Films 184, 335 (1990)

"Columnar Epitaxy of PtSi on Si(111)"

R.W. Fathauer, Q.F. Xiao, Shin Hashimoto, and C.W. Nieh

Applied Physics Letters, 57,686 (1990)

23
"Roleof PhotocurrentinLow-TemperaturePhotoemissionStudiesof Schottky-Barrier

Formation"

M. H. Hecht

Phys.Rev. B, 41, 7918(1990)

"Growthof IrSi3 byMolecularBeamEpitaxy"

T. L. Lin, C. W. Nieh, ShinHashimoto,andQ. F. Xiao

Thin SolidFilms 184,343(1990).

"MaximumBoronDopingConcentrationwithoutOxygenIncorporationfor Si Molecular

BeamEpitaxyUsingHBO2 andB203 asDopantSources"

T. L. Lin, R. W. Fathauer,andP. J.Grunthaner

Thin SolidFilms 184,31(1990).

"Fabricationof IrSi3/P-SiSchottkyDiodesby aMolecularBeamEpitaxyTechnique"

T.L. Lin andJ.M.Iannelli

Appl. Phys.Lett., 56, 2013, 1990

"UseofX-RayPhotoelectronSpectroscopyin theMeasurementof ProteinOrientationon

Surfaces"

R.P.VasquezandR. Margalit

Thin SolidFilms, 192(1990)173

Presentations

"Photovoltaic Effects in Photoemission Studies of Schottky Barrier Formation"

M. H. Hecht

Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI), Jan. 31 - Feb. 2, 1990,

Tampa, FL

"Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Epitaxial Silicon/Silicide Structures Using Columnar

Epitaxy and Electron-Beam Lithography"

R. W. Fathauer, P. D. Maker, R. E. Muller, and R. P. Ruiz

6th International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy, San Diego, CA August 27-30,

1990

"Unambiguous Identification of Heavy-Hole and Light-Hole States in the Photoreflectance

of InGaAs/GaAs Heterostructures"

A. Ksendzov, H. Shen and F.H. Pollak

APS Meeting, March 10-14, Anaheim, CA, March, 1990

"Study of Band Offset in InxGal_xAs/GaAs System Using Photoreflectance of Single

Quantum Wells"

A. Ksendzov, H. Shen and Fred H. Pollak

SPIE Meeting, San Diego, CA, March 17-21, 1990

,,Carrier Dynamics in Staggered-Alignment GaAs/AIAs Heterostructures"

B. A. Wilson

Invited presentation, NSF-sponsored U.S.-Japan Workshop on Excited State Dynamics,

U. HI, Manoa, November 6-10, 1990

24
"ChemicalandElectronicStructureof PseudomorphicGaAs/InAs/GaAsQuantumWells

andInAs/GaAsInterfaces"

F. J. Grunthaner,J.K. Liu, B. Hancock,andK. Delgadillo

PhysicsandChemistryof SemiconductorInterfaces,ClearwaterBeach,Fla., 1990

"I-IFAcid CleaningforSiliconMolecularBeamEpitaxy"

P. J. Grunthaner

Invited presentation, American Physical Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 12-16,

1990

"Columnar Epitaxy of Hexagonal and Orthorhombic Metal Silicides on Silicon Substrates"

R. W. Fathauer

Proceedings of MRS Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA, April 16-21, 1990

"Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Epitaxial Silicon/Silicide Structures Using Columnar

Epitaxy and Electron-Beam Lithography"

R.W. Fathauer

Sixth International Conference on MBE, San Diego, CA, Aug. 30, 1990

"Fabrication of Structured Silicon-Silicide Layers"

R.W. Fathauer

lnvitedpresentation, Texas Instruments Central Research Laboratory, October 5, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Method for Producing Three-Dimensional Nanometer-Scale Epitaxial Metallic Structures

on a Silicon Substrate"

Robert Fathauer

NPO 17835

25
Electronic Device Technology

Publications

"An In. 15Ga.85As/GaAs Pseudomorphic Single Quantum Well HEMT"

J. J. Rosenberg, M. Benlamri, P. D. Kirchner, J. M. Woodall, and G. D. Pettit

IEEE Elec. Dev. Lett. in October 1985 (has been selected for republication in an IEEE book

entitled MODFETs : Principles, Design, and Technology)

"Analytical Solution for the Current-Voltage Characteristic of Two Mesoscopic Tunnel

Junctions Coupled in Series"

M. Amman, R. Wilkins, E. Ben Jacob, P. D. Maker, and R. C. Jaklevic

Physics Rev. B, Brief Report, June, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"AlAs Diffusion Barrier on GaAs"

W. J. Kaiser, F. J. Grunthaner, L. D. Bell, and M. H. Hecht

NASA Tech. Brief, July, 1990, p. 30

"Improved Semiconductor Manufacturing Techniques and Semiconductor Devices

Fabricated Thereby"

W. J. Kaiser, L. D. Bell, M. H. Hecht, and F. J. Grunthaner

YPL Case No. C17795 w/17796 (patent applied for)

"Hydrogen Stabilized Semiconductor Devices"

J. Maserjian and A.W. Overhauser

U.S. patent #4,857,976

26
Infrared Detectors

Publications

"LWlR Detector Arrays Based on nipi Superlattices"

J. Maserjian, F. J. Grunthaner, C.T. Elliot

Infrared Physics 30, 27 (1990)

"A Tunable Quantum Well Infrared Detector Based on Photon-Assisted Resonant

Tunneling"

K. L. Doughty, R. J. Simes, A. C. Gossard, J. Maserjian, J. L. Merz

Semiconductor Science Technology 5, 494 (1990)

"Infrared Response from Metallic Particles Embedded in a Single-Crystal Si Matrix: The

Layered Internal Photoemission Sensor"

R.W. Fathauer, J.M. Ianelli, C.W. Nieh, and Shin Hashimoto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1419 (1990)

"Novel p+-SixGe 1-x/P -Si Heterojunction Detectors Fabricated by Molecular Beam

Epitaxy"

T.L. Lin and J. Maserjian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1442 (1990)

"Issues and Directions in IR Readout Electronics"

E.R. Fossum

Workshop on Innovative LWIR Detectors, NASA/JPL, April, 1990

"Novel Sil-xGex/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission Long Wavelength Infrared

Detectors"

T.L. Lin

Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL Publication 90-22,

Pasadena, CA, April 24-26, 1990

"A Novel Electron Tunneling Infrared Detector"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, J. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL Publication 90-22,

Pasadena, CA, April 24-26, 1990

"New Heterojunction LWIR Detector Options"

J. Maserjian

Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL Publication 90-22,

Pasadena, CA, April 24-26, 1990

"InAs/GaAs and InAs Doping Superlattices"

F. Grunthaner

Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL Publication 90-22,

Pasadena, CA, April 24-26, 1990

27
Presentations

"Novel Sil-xGex/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission Long Wavelength Infrared

Detectors"

T.L. Lin

Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL, April 24-26, 1990

"A Novel Electron Tunneling Infrared Detector"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, J. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL, Pasadena, CA, April 24-

26, 1990

"New Heterojunction LWIR Detector Options"

J. Maserjian

Invited presentation, Innovative Long Wavelength Infrared Detector Workshop, JPL, April

24-26, 1990

"Physics of New IR Detectors"

J. Maserjian

Invited presentation, IEEE Workshop on Advanced Solid-State Imagers, Harriman, NY,

May 18-20, 1990

"Optoelectronic Studies of an Electronically Tunable Infrared Detector"

K.L. Doughty, K.-K. Law, A.C. Gossard, J. Maserjian and J.L. Merz

1990 SPIE Symposium on Advances in Semiconductors and Superlattices, San Diego,

CA, March 17-21, 1990

"SiGe/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission (HIP) Detectors"

T. L. Lin, J. Maserjian, T. N. Krabach, S. Dejewski, A. Ksendzov, M. L. Huberman,

and R. Terhune

48th Annual Device Research Conference, 1990, at University of California, Santa

Barbara, CA, June 25-27, 1990

"SiGe/Si Heterojunction Internal Photoemission Long-Wavelength Infrared Detectors"

R.W. Fathauer (for T.-L. Lin)

1990 Fall Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, November 26-30, 1990

"InAs/GaAs and InAs Doping Superlattices"

F. Grunthaner

Invited presentation, Innovative Long Wavelength Detector Workshop, JPL, April 24-26,

1990

"Novel Infrared Detectors Based on Three-Dimensional Schottky Barrier Structures"

R.W. Fathauer

1990 Fall Materials Research Society Meeting, Boston, November 26-30, 1990

"Novel Si,Based Detector Technologies"

R.W. Fathauer

Invited presentation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, November 27, 1990

"Novel Si-Based Detector Technologies"

R.W. Fathauer

invited presentation, Rome Air Development Center, November 29, 1990

28
"Novel Si-BasedDetectorTechnologies"

R.W.Fathauer

lnvitedpresentan'on, MIT Lincoln Labs, November 29, 1990

"Novel SiGe/Si Infrared Detector Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy"

T.-L. Lin

AVS Meeting, Toronto, Canada, October 8-12, 1990

"Issues and Directions in IR Readout Electronics"

E.R. Fossum

Proc. Workshop on Innovative LWIR Detectors, NASA/JPL (1990)

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Imager Architecture Using Lift-Off and Laminated Process for Hybridization of Detector

Array and Multiplexer"

E.R. Fossum and F.J. Grunthaner

JPL New Technology Report NPO-18062

29
Charge-Coupled Devices

Publications

"Predicting the Effects of Proton Damage on Charge-Coupled Devices Using the Radiation

Transfer Technique"

James Janesick, George Soli, Tom Elliott

IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference, Reno, NV, July 20, 1990

"Large Bandwidth (13kHZ - 1GHz) Planar-Doped 2DEG-CCD with High Transfer

Efficiency at Room Temperature"

J.-I. Song, D.V. Rossi, S. Xin, W. Wong and E.R. Fossum

1990 Device Research Conference, Santa Barbara, CA, June, 1990

"Scientific CCD Technology at JPL"

J. Janesick, A. Collins, and E.R. Fossum

NASA Technology 2000 Conference, Washington D.C., November, 1990

"A Resistive-Gate Two-Phase 2DEG'CCD for III-V IR Detectors"

J.-I. Song and E.R. Fossum

1990 IEEE Intl. Electron Devices Mtg., San Francisco, CA, December, 1990

Presentations

"Scientific CCD Technology at J'PL"

J. Janesick, A. Collins, and E.R. Fossum

Proc. NASA Technology 2000 Conference, Washington D.C., Nov., 1990

"A Resistive-Gate Tw0-Phase 2DEG-CCD for III-V IR Detectors"

J.-I. Song and E. R. Fossum

in Proc. 1990 IEEE Intl. Electron Devices Mtg., pp. 267-270, San Francisco, CA, Dec.,

1990

"Predicting the Effects of Proton Damage on Charge-Coupled Devices using the Radiation

Transfer Technique,. _'=

James Janesick, George Soli, Tom Elliot

IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference, Reno, NV, July 20, 1990

"Sub-Electron Noise Charge-Coupled Devices"

C. Chandler, J. Janesick

SPIE, Charge-Coupled Devices and Solid State Optical Sensors, Santa Clara, Feb. 23-26,

1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Charge-Coupled Device with Delta-Dop_ Channel"

E. R. FoSsum

JPL New Technology Report NPO-18372

30

|
"Charge Packet Steering Structure"

E. R. Fossum

JPL New Technology Report NPO- 18387

"Iridium Film for Charge-Coupled Device"

M. H. Hecht

NASA Tech. Brief, June, 1990, p. 26

"Nitric Oxide Enhances Charge-Coupled Device"

M. H. Hecht and E. H. Poindexter (U.S. Army ETDL)

NASA Tech. Brief, June, 1990, p. 26

"Silicide Schottky Barrier for Back-Surface-Illuminated CCD"

M. H. Hecht

NASA Tech. Brief, June, 1990, p. 26

31
Diamond Film Technology

Publications

"Electron Cyclotron Resonance Deposition of Diamond-Like Films"

Y. H. Shing and F. S. Pool

Vacuum, 41, 1368 (1990)

"Deposition of Diamondlike Films by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Microwave Plasmas"

F. S. Pool and Y. H. Shing

J. Appl. Phys., 68, 62 (1990)

Presentations

"Diamond Film Technology"

Y. H. Shing and F. S. Pool

CSMT/SDIO Annual Review Meeting at JPL, 10/17/90

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Deposition of Diamond-like Films by ECR Microwave Plasma"

Y. H. Shing and F. S. Pool

New Technology Report No. 18094 - NASA NPO- 18094-1-CU-7604 (patent application

being filed by NASA)

32
Silicon Micromachining

Presentations

"A Micromachined Silicon Electron Tunneling Sensor"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, J. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

DARPA Workshop on Micromachines and Micromotors, La Jolla, California, July 26,

1990

"A Micromachined Silicon Electron Tunneling Sensor"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, J. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

American Physical Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, March 12-16, 1990

"A Micromachined Silicon Electron Tunneling Sensor"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, J. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

ASME Design West Conference, Sept. 18, 1990, Anaheim, California

"A Micromachined Silicon Electron Tunneling Sensor"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, J. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

AVS Nanoprobes Symposium, Sept. 12, 1990, Hawthorne, California

"A Micromachined Silicon Electron Tunneling Sensor"

T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, L. K. Reynolds, and W. J. Kaiser

3rd IEEE Workshop on Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems, Feb. 12-14, 1990, Napa

Valley, CA

Patents and New Technology Reports

"A Micromachined Electron Tunneling Infrared Detector"

T. W. Kenny, W. J. Kaiser, and S. B. Wahman

JPL New Technology Report

"Electronically Tunable Elastic Suspension for Sensors"

W. J. Kaiser, T. W. Kenny, S. B. Waltman, and J. K. Reynolds

JPL New Technology Report

33

II. Photonics

PRECEDING PAGE 8LANK NOT FILi'v_ED

Overview N92-14773

This section concentrates on optoelectronic materials and devices. Optical processing is

included in the section on Advanced Computing. Optoelectronic devices, which generate,

detect, modulate, or switch electromagnetic radiation are being developed for a variety of

space applications. The program includes spatial light modulators, solid state lasers,

optoelectronic integrated circuits, nonlinear optical materials and devices, fiber optics, and

optical networking photovoltaic technology and optical processing.

1990 Major Technical Achievements

Spatial Light Modulators

Achieved strong modulation of the exciton absorption in an optically addressed

SLM device based on a periodically _5-doped InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well

structure embedded in a Fabry-Perot cavity. Test results indicate useful modulation

levels for excitation levels compatible with low-power semiconductor lasers for

OEIC applications, and promise record contrast ratios at higher excitation

intensities.

Lasers

Fabricated InGaAs/GaAs/A1GaAs lasers with a single-ended output power as

high as 240 mW. This is the highest power ever achieved from a single-stripe

structure without nonabsorbing facets. These lasers emitting at 980 nm have also

demonstrated record reliabilities, making them ideal for pumping Er-doped fiber

amplifiers for long-distance optical communications applications.

Demonstrated the first GaAs/A1GaAs and pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs/A1GaAs

high-power surface-emitting lasers with integrated 45 ° beam deflectors. This

innovation offers a simple approach for integrating surface-emitting lasers with a

wide range of electronic devices for OEIC applications.

Demonstrated for the first time a surface-emitting laser with both first- and

second-order grating mirrors, providing independent optimization of laser-cavity

feedback and output coupling.

Demonstrated for the first time a semiconductor laser with nonresonant output

coupler. This device establishes the ability to steer the output beam for interchip

optical connections.

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

Demonstrated the first operational optical neuron consisting of an LED, a

phototransistor and a double heterostructure bipolar transistor. A 10x10 array of

these neurons has also been fabricated.

37 PRECEDING PAGE BLA_'K NOT FILt'_ED
Demonstrated monolithic integration of a double heterostructure phototransistor

(DHPT) with a self-aligned gate (SAG), a MESFET, and a SAG-MESFET/double

diffused LED on MOCVD-grown material. This combination offers a low-power

second-generation optical neuron which can be implemented in 100xl00 arrays

with reasonable total power consumption.

Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices

Fabricated low cost, low power thin-film electro-optic polymer Fabry-Perot

modulator. Test results show performance comparable to similar LiNbO 3

modulators with 2% modulation achieved using 20 V _ve voltage.

Developed new approach for second-order nonlinear optical molecules which has

resulted in the development of compounds with nonlinearity per unit length 3 times

greater than any material ever reported.

Grew device quality crystals of YPL developed second order NLO material with

very large optical nonlinearity, dimethyl amino-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST).

Previously projected large electro-optic coefficient was measured and conf'Lrmed in

collaboration with General Electric Central Research and Development to be 410

pm/V.

Fabricated low cost bulk electro-optic polymer based voltage sensor which can

measure potentials from 1 to 30KV linearly. This is the first time such a device has

been made utilizing the bulk polymer architecture which reduces cost of electrooptic component from $1000 to < $1.

Fiber Optics and Optical Networking

A fiber-optic exposure experiment was recovered in January after 5 1/2 years in

low earth orbit aboard the Long Duration exposure Facility Shuttle payload.

Examination of 10 fiber optic cable samples was begun. All 10 samples were

functional.

A new basic research task was begun in June 1990 to investigate the concept of

implementing network protocols in the optical domain, eventually evolving toward

an integrated all-photonic architecture where light packets self-route from source to

destination without any repeated electronic/optical conversion. Developments this

year include a CRAY supercomputer program to evaluate the modal group velocit_y

dispersion in single mode fiber, and the initial construction of a 200-fs mode locked

Erbium fiber ring laser for generating test pulse trains in the 100GHz-ITHz region.

38
A newappliedresearchtaskwas begun in September 1990 to develop a

distributed concurrent computing application for the CASA Gigabit Supercomputer

Network Testbed - a heterogeneous collection of supercomputers at JPL, Caltech,

the San Diego Supercomputer Center, and Los Alamos National Laboratory,

interconnected by a gigabit fiber optic network. The objective of the JPL task is to

develop and model a multi-data set earth science rendering problem (seismic,

LANDSAT, and digital elevation data) using functional decomposition methods.

An adjunct to this effort will include the installation of a small gigabit fiber network

in '91-'92 between JPL's CRAY supercomputer, Caltech's INTEL Delta

supercomputer, a few graphics workstations, and an interface to the CASA widearea network.

A new applied research task was begun in October 1990 to study using the ACTS

gigabit communication facilities to remotely control the Keck Telescope in Hawaii

from a Caltech control room in Pasadena. JPL will conduct a preliminary highlevel design of an 800-Mbit/x HIPPI interface between the Keck Observatory, the

ACTS satellite ground station, and the Caltech control room.

Photovoltaic Technology

Achieved highly photosensitive amorphous Si (a-Si:H) films using the electron

cyclotron resonance (ECR) system, with an excellent light-to-dark conductivity

ratio, up to 106, and an optical bandgap in the desired range of 1.75 to 1.85 eV.

This material is being integrated into the first a-Si:H solar cells containing ECRdeposited material.

Demonstrated the capability of the ECR system to deposit device quality

amorphous (a-SiC:H) and microcrystalline (I.tc-SiC:H) silicon carbide, which are

used as window layers in a-Si:H solar cells. Microcrystalline materials are expected

to exhibit reduced photodegradation relative to their amorphous counterparts.

Deposited a new form of conductive a-Si:H with low hydrogen content by the

ECR process. The material contains a microcrystalline phase, which is expected to

exhibit reduced photodegradation.

Optical Processing

• Invented a new class of optical correlators which exhibit "self-amplification."

- capable of recognizing weak patterns in cluttered background

- expandable to muhiple-channel pattern recognition

• Demonstrated three-dimensional acousto-optic spectrum analysis.

• Obtained a superfine resolution of 0.1 Hz.

• Built an analyzer with a volume of less than 1 cubic foot.

39
Demonstrated successfully, for the first time, imaging by phase conjugation

and image edge enhancement using photorefractive Fe-doped InP. This

demonstration opened the door to use photorefractive compound semiconductors,

other than GaAs, for innovative optical processing applications.

Made significant progress in computer simulation of morphological filters

using various combinations of dilation and erosion processes. Results have

established a base for development of hardware preprocessors which will be

capable of reducing the influence of the clutter in the image and enhancing the

probabil!_ of correct object recognition. In addition, a preliminary design of a test

chip for smart spatial light modulators using a combination of VLSI and liquid

crystal technologies has been initiated.

Assembled a spatial light modulator based optical associative memory and

demonstrated successfully high capability of target discrimination.

Modified successfully the existing visible AOTF imaging spectrometer

breadboard by inserting a three-foot long bundle of approximately 800x1000 optic

fibers between the foreoptics and the AOTF. Good images were obtained. To our

knowledge, this is the first demonstration of AOTF imaging spectrometer using

optic fibers as image transfer vehicle. This demonstration has shown the feasibility

that the foreoptics of an AOTF imaging spectrometer can be mounted on a flexible

arm apart from the robotic vehicle rover body in which the spectrometer is

mounted, critically important for future Mars and Lunar rover applications.

Conceived, designed and fabricated, for the first time, a special VLSI chip

capable of detecting light intensity peaks and their locations only. Preliminary

evaluation results of devices from the first run are encouraging. If developed, the

device will make a breakthrough in image correlation technology by reducing

drastically the time for extracting the needed information, namely, location and

intensity of the correlation peak. (This work has been done in collaboration between

the Optical Processing group and Neural Network and Analog Computing Device

group.)

Made excellent progress in image correlation experiment using photorefractive

GaAs with two modified electrically addressed liquid crystal spatial _ght

modulators. The results have shown advantages of the correlator including: high°

quality operation (due to true matched filter operation); high-speed (1200

frame/second demonstrated); no preprocessing need for edge enhancement; use of

real reference image (no preprocess of Fourier transform on the reference objects);

and easy alignment. These advantages make the GaAs image correiator a serious

candidate for a practical real-time image correlator.

Completed a short-wave infrared (SWIR) AOTF (2.2-2.4 microns) imaging

spectrometer breadboard system for the first time. A number of experiments were

successfully performed to investigate the characteristics of the system. They

included multispectral images and spectral scan of a cell containing toluene as well

as plant leaves. The results show the system is functional, however, more

improvements will be done to make the system more effective.

Demonstrated successfully that the visible AOTF imaging spectrometer, after

some improvement, can take outdoor pictures at the video rate, an important step

toward the realization of the AOTF imaging spectrometer as a remote sensor

instrument on a moving platform.

40

i

z
Conducted, for the first time, an experiment on imaging by phase conjugation in

photorefractive GaAs crystal using the beam from a single-mode diffraction-feedback GalnAsP/InP semiconductor injection laser. This has demonstrated the

feasibility of integrating photorefractive GaAs crystals with semiconductor lasers to

form compact optical processors. (Collaborated with Norman Hwang of ORTEC,

Alhambra, who provided the lasers used.)

Made significant progress in the simulation on the recognition of range

Doppler radar signatures of spacebome objects.

Made significant progress in the understanding of photorefractive mechanism

in InP, specifically related to the requirement of high beam intensity for optical

processing due to high dark conductivity, and demonstrated that low temperature

operations can reduce the intensity requirement.

41
Spatial Light Modulators

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Improved Photovoltaic-Driven Quantum Light Modulator"

J. Maserjian

(NPO- 17357/6866)

"Photovoltaic-Driven Quantum Well Modulator"

J. Maserjian

JPL I.R. 30-16914/6432

"Multiple Quantum Well Optical Modulator"

J. Maserjian

U.S. patent #4,818,079

42
Lasers

Publications

"A 980 nm Pseudomorphic Single Quantum Well Laser for Pumping Erbium-Doped Fiber

Amplifiers"

A. Larsson

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 2, 540 (1990)

"Highly Efficient Pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs/A1GaAs Single Quantum Well Lasers for

Monolithic Integration"

A. Larsson, J. Cody, S. Forouhar, and R. Lang

Applied Physics Letters 56, 1731 (1990)

"High-Power Operation of Highly Reliable Narrow Su'ipe Pseudomorphic Single Quantum

Well Lasers Emitting at 980 nm"

A. Larsson, S. Forouhar, J. Cody, and R.J. Lang

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2, 307, 1990

Presentations

"A 980 nm Pseudomorphic Single Quantum Well Laser for Pumping Erbium-Doped

Optical Fiber Amplifiers"

A. Larsson

Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, Monterey, CA, Aug. 6-8,

1990

"Highly Efficient High-Power Pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs/AIGaAs Single Quantum

Well Lasers"

A. Larsson, S. Forouhar, J. Cody, and R.L Lang

CLEO'90, Anaheim, CA, May 21-25, 1990

"High-Power Operation of Highly Reliable Narrow Stripe Pseudomorphic Single Quantum

Well Lasers Emitting at 980 run"

A. Larsson, S. Forouhar, J. Cody, and R.J. Lang

Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, San Francisco, Jan. 22-26, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Unstable Resonator Distributed Bragg Reflector Laser"

R. J. Lang

NPO- 17906

"Surface-Emitting Laser with Multilayer Dielectric Reflector"

R.J. Lang

NPO-17763

"High-Power A1GaAs/GaAs Single Quantum Well Surface-Emitting Lasers with Integrated

45 degree-beam-deflectors"

J. Kim

NPO-18281, 1990

43
"PseudomorphicInGaAs/GaAs/A1GaAsSingleQuantumWell Surface-EmittingLasers

withIntegrated45° Beam Deflectors"

J.H. Kim

NPO- 18243, 1990

"Multiperiod Grating Surface-Emitting Laser"

R.J. Lang

NPO- 18054

"High-Power A1GaAs/GaAs Single Quantum Well Lasers on Migration-Enhanced

Molecular Beam Epitaxial GaAs-Coated Si Substrates"

J.H. Kim, R.J. Lang, G. Radhakrishnan, and J. Katz

NPO- 17988

"Wavelength Tunable Semiconductor Laser"

R.J. Lang and A. Mozer

"Surface-emitting Laser with Integrated Multilayer Reflector"

R.J. Lang

NPO-17912

"Annular Bragg Reflector Surface-emitting Laser"

R.J. Lang

NPO- 17763

"Multiple-period Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector"

R.J. Lang

44
Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits

Publications

"High-Power A1GaAs/GaAs Single Quantum Well Surface Emitting Lasers with Integrated

45°-Beam-Deflectors ''

J. Kim, R. Lang, and A. Larsson (with TRW and Hughes)

Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2048 (1990)

Presentations

"Integrated Two-Dimensional Array of Optoelectronic Neurons for Neural Networks"

J. H. Kim

Invited presentation, 11 th Korea Int'l Conference, Seoul, Korea, June 25-July 7, 1990

"Surface-Emitting Single Quantum Well Lasers with Integrated Beam Deflectors"

J. Kim

IEEE LEOS'90 Annual Meeting, Boston, November 4-9, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Monolithic Two-Dimensional Arrays of Optoelectronic Threshold Devices for Neural

Networks"

D. Psaltis, J. Katz, J.H. Kim, and S.H. Lin

NASA Tech. Briefs 14, 28 (1990)

"High Gain Zinc-Diffused Base Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for

Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits"

J. H. Kim and S. Lin

NPO-18177, 1990

45
i_ii:

Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices

Publications

"Molecular and Macroscopic Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities of Substituted

Dinitrostilbenes and Related Compounds"

B. Tiemann, S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry, L.T. Cheng

Chemistry of Materials, 2, 690 (1990)

"Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities and Photostabilities of 2-N-Methylstilbazolium Salts"

S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry, B. Tiemann, R.E. Marsh, W.E. Schaefer

Chemistry of Materials, 2, 685 (1990)

"Solvent-Tuned Intramolecular Charge-Recombination Rates in a Conjugated DonorAcceptor Molecule"

L.R. Khundkar, A.E. Stiegmann, J.W. Perry

J. Phys. Chem., 94, 1224 (1990)

"Unusual Structural Distortions Induced by Charge-Transfer Interactions through

Conjugated Molecules: Crystal Structures of NH2C6C4(CC)nC6H4NO2(n=0-3)"

E.M. Graham, V.M. Miskowski, J.W. Perry, D.R. Coulter, A.E. Stiegman, W.E.

Schaefer, R.E. Marsh

J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 8771 (1990)

"Soluble Highly Conjugated Polyacetylenes via the Ring Opening Metathesis

Polymerization of Cyclooctatetraenes"

C.B. Gorman, E.J. Ginsburg, S.R. Marder, R.H. Grubbs

Polymer Preprints, 31,386 (1990)

"Quadratic Hyperpolarizabilities of Some Organometallic Compounds"

L.T. Cheng, W. Tam, G.R. Meredith, S. R. Marder

Mol. Cryst. and Liq. Cryst. 189, 137 (1990)

"organic, Organometallic and Polymeric Materials with Nonlinear Optical Properties"

S.R. Marder, J.W. Perry, W.P. Schaefer, E.J. Ginsburg, C.B. Gorman, R.H. Grubbs

Multifunctional Materials: Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 175,

A. Buckley, G. Galleger-Daggitt, F.E. Karasz, D.R. Ulrich, eds., Materials Research

Society, Pittsburgh, 1990, 101

"Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Substituted Polyacetylenes Derived From

Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Substituted Cyclooctatetraenes"

E.J. Ginsburg, C.B. Gorman, R.H. Grubbs, F.L. Klavetter, N.L. Lewis, S.R. Marder,

J.W. Perry, M.L Sailor

Proceedings of 1989 NATO Workshop of Olefin Metathesis, Kluwer Academic

Publishers, New York, 1990

"Excited State Absorption and Optical Nonlinearities of Metallophthalocyanines and

Naphthalocyanines in Solution"

J. W. Perry, L. R. Khundkar, D. R. Coulter, T. H. Wei, E. W. Van Stryland, and D. J.

Hagan r

IEEE Digest, "Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Phenomena and Devices," 1990

46
"HybridopticalLimitersUtilizing MetallophthalocyanineBasedDyesandII-VI

Semiconductors"

T. H. Wei, E. W. Van Stryland,D. J.Hagan,J. W. Perry,L. R. Khundkar,D. R.

CoulterandM. E. Kenney

CLEO '90,TechnicalDigestSeries,Vol. 7, 316(1990)

Presenta tions

"Second Order Molecular and Macroscopic Optical Nonlinearities of Organic and

Organometallic Compounds"

S.R. Marder, B.G. Tiemann, J.W. Perry, L.T. Cheng, W. Tam, W.P. Schaefer, R.E.

Marsh

Symposium on New Materials for Nonlinear Optics, American Chemical Society National

Meeting, Boston, MA, April, 1990

"Excited State Absorption and Optical Nonlinearities of Metallophthalocyanines and

Naphthalocyanines in Solution"

J. W. Perry, L. R. Khundkar, D. R. Coulter, T. H. Wei, E. W. Van Stryland, and D. J.

Hagan

IEEE/LEOS International Conference, "Nonlinear Optics: Materials, Phenomena and

Devices," Kauai, July, 1990

"Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Donor-Acceptor Acetylene Compounds"

A.E. Stiegman, J.W. Perry, L.T. Cheng

Symposium on Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optics II, Meeting of the Royal Society of

Chemistry, Oxford, England, September, 1990

"Second Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of 4-N-methylstilbazolium tosylate Salts"

C. Yakymyshyn, S.R. Marder, K.R. Stewart, E. Boden, J.W. Perry, W. P. Schaefer

Symposium on Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optics II, Meeting of the Royal Society of

Chemistry, Oxford, England, September, 1990

"New Polymeric Materials with Cubic Nonlinearities Derived from Ring-Opening

Metathesis Polymerization"

R.H. Grubbs, C.B. Gorman, J.W. Perry, S.R. Marder

Invited presentation, Symposium on New Materials for Nonlinear Optics, American

Chemical Society National Meeting, Boston, MA, April, 1990

"Studies of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Mo]ecules and Materials"

J.W. Perry

Invited presentation, Symposium on New Materials for Nonlinear Optics, American

Chemical Society National Meeting, Boston, MA, April, 1990

"Structure/Property Relationships for Organic and Organometallic Materials with Second

Order Optical Nonlinearities"

S. R. Marder, D.N. Beratan, B.G. Tiemann, L.T. Cheng, W. Tam

Invited presentation, Symposium on Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optics II, Meeting of

the Royal Society of Chemistry, Oxford, England, September, 1990

"Electronic Hyperpolarizability and Chemical Structure: A Tutorial"

D.N. Beratan

Invited presentation, Symposium on New Materials for Nonlinear Optics, American

Chemical Society National Meeting, Boston, MA, April, 1990

47
"OpticalNonlinearitiesof ConjugatedMacrocyclicDyesandProcessablePolyacetylenes"

J.W. Perry

Invited presentation, NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Organic Molecules for

Nonlinear Optics and Photonics, La Rochelle, France, August, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Method for Fabrication of Bulk Samples of Electro-optic Polymer"

A. Gottsche, J.W. Perry

New Technology Report # 18207/7719

"Fiber Optic High Voltage Sensor Based on an Electro-optic Polymer"

A. Gottsche, J.W. Perry, A. Johnston

New Technology Report #18311/7706

48
Fiber Optics and Optical Networking

Presentations

"NASA Fiber Optic Experiment in the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)"

A. R. Johnston

Proceedings AFCEA Fiber Optics Conference '90, McLean, VA, March 20-23, 1990

"Overview of Fiber Optics in the Natural Space Environment"

C. Barnes, L. Dorsky, A. Johnston, L. Bergman, E. Stassinopoulos

Proceedings SPIE, San Jose, CA, September 19, 1990

49
Photovoltaic Technology

Publications

"Silicon Carbon Alloy Thin Film Deposition Using Electron Cyclotron Resonance

Plasmas"

Y. H. Shing, F. S. Pool and C. E. Allevato

Proc. 21st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., Orlando, FL, 1574-1578 (1990)

"Electron Cyclotron Resonance Microwave Plasma Deposition of a-Si:H and a-SiC:H

Films"

Y. H. Shing and F. S. Pool

Proc. SERI/DOE 10th Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Review Meeting,

Lakewood, CO, Solar Cells (in press)

"Amorphous Silicon Deposition Research with In-Situ Diagnostics"

Y. H. Shing, F. S. Pool and J. M. Essick

SERI Photovoltaic Branch 1990 Annual Report (accepted for publication)

Presentations

"Silicon Carbon Alloy Thin Film Deposition Using Electron Cyclotron Resonance

Plasmas"

Y. H. Shing, F. S. Pool and C. E. Allevato

21 st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Orlando, FL, 05/21/90 to 05/25/90

"Electron Cyclotron Resonance Microwave Plasma Deposition of a-Si:H and a-SiC:H

Films"

Y. H. Shing and F. S. Pool

SERI/DOE 10th Photovoltaic Advanced Research and Development Review Meeting,

Lakewood, CO, 10/23/90 to 10/25/90

50
Optical Processing

Publications

"Self-Pumped and Double Phase Conjugation in GaAs"

Peter Chua, Duncan T.H. Liu, and Li-Jen Cheng

Applied Physics Letters, 57, 858 (1990)

"Three-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari, B. D. Metscher, J. R. Lesh

Optics Letters 15, 1245 (November 1, 1990)

"Experimental Considerations for Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari, B. D. Metscher, J. R. Lesh

Applied Optics 29 (December 20, 1990)

Presentations

"Real-Time Image Correlator Using Photorefractive GaAs"

Duncan Liu, L.J. Cheng, T.H. Chao, Jeffrey Yu, and Don Gregory

SPIE's 1990 International Symposium on Optical and Optoelectronic Applied Science and

Engineering, San Diego, CA, July 8-13, 1990

"High-Resolution Optical Novelty Filter Using Photorefractive GaAs and High-Speed

Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase Modulator"

Duncan T.H. Liu, Li-Jen Cheng, and Shing-Tson Wu

Technical Digest of the Topical Meeting on Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and

Devices II, Aussois, France, January 17-19, 1990, page 352

"Dynamic Range Compression Via Noise-Induced Scattering in Photorefractive Crystals"

H. K. Liu

Conference Record of 1990 International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, 182-184,

(1990)

"Neural Network Principles and Optical Implementations"

H. K. Liu

Short Course, SPIE International Symposium on Optoelectronic Applied Science and

Engineering (1990)

"Photorefractive Dynamic Range Compression"

H. K. Liu

1990 Technical Digest Series, Optical Society of America, 7, 216-218 (1990)

"AOTF Imaging Spectrometer-System Issues"

Jeffrey Yu, T.H. Chao, and L.J. Cheng

Processing on Optical Engineering and Photonics in Aerospace Sensing, SPIE, Orlando,

Florida, April 16-20, 1990

"Optical Computing and Image Processing Using Photorefractive Gallium Arsenide"

Li-Jen Cheng and Duncan T.H. Liu

Conference Record of 1990 International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing,

April 8-12, 1990, Kobe, Japan, p. 404

51
"Self-PumpedandDoublePhaseConjugationin GaAswith appliedDC ElectricField"

PeterL. Chua,DuncanT.H. Liu andLi-Jen Cheng

1990TechnicalDigestSeries,ConferenceonLasersandElectro-Optics,Vol. 7 (Optical

Societyof America,Washington,DC, 1990),p. 76

"AOTF ImagingSpectrometer-BreadboardDemonstration"

T.H. Chao,J.Yu, L.J. Cheng,andJ. Lambert

ProcessingonOpticalEngineeringandPhotonicsin AerospaceSensing,SPIE,Orlando,

Florida,April 16-20,1990

"A SLM BasedOptoelectronicAssociativeMemory"

Tien-HsinChao

OSATopicalMeetingonSpatialLight ModulatorsandApplications,OSATechnicalDigest

SeriesVol. 14,p. 28-32,1990

"Real-TimeOpticalCorrelatorUsingComputerGeneratedHolographicFilter onaLiquid

CrystalLightValve"

Tien-HsinChaoandJeffreyYu

SPIE's1990InternationalSymposiumonOpticalandOptoelectronicAppliedScienceand

Engineering,SanDiego, CA, July 8-13,1990

"Characterizationof aNew CdSeLiquid CrystalLight Valve"

Tien-HsinChao

OSATopicalMeetingonSpatialLight ModulatorsandApplications.OSATechnicalDigest

Series,Vol. 14,p. 132-135,1990

"PredetectionDynamicRangeCompressionUsingBaTiO3 Photorefractors"

H. K. Liu

Invited presentation, 20th Winter Colloquium on Quantum Electronics, Snowbird, UT,

Jan. 1990

"The Optical Implementation of Inner Product Neural Associative Memory"

H. K. Liu

Invited presentation, SPIE Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 1990

"Optical Neural Network Activities"

Jeffrey Yu

Optical Neural Network Workshop at Jackson,Wyoming, February 7-8, 1990

"AOTF Imaging Spectrometers"

Li-Jen Cheng, Tien-Hsin Chao, Jeffrey Yu, and George Reyes

In-Situ Science and Engineering Technology Workshop of the SAAP project, June 26-27,

1990, Pasadena, CA.

"Self-Pumped and Double Phase Conjugation in GaAs with Applied DC Electric Field"

Peter Chua, Duncan Liu and Li-Jen Cheng

CLEO'90, Anaheim, CA, May 21-25, 1990

52
Patents and New Technology Reports

"A Method and Apparatus for Generating Tensor Components"

H. K. Liu

NASA Tech. Briefs, March, 1990

"Liquid-Crystal Light Valve Enhances Edges in Images"

T.H. Chao and H. K. Liu

NASA Tech. Briefs, June, 1990

"Net Photorefractive Gain in Gallium Arsenide"

Tsuen-Hsi Liu and Li-Jen Cheng

NASA Tech. Briefs, April, 1990

"Optical Modulation via the Photorefractive Effect"

Li-Jen Cheng, A. Partovi, and E. Garmire

NASA Tech. Briefs May, 1990

"Auto- and Hetero-Associative Memory Using a 2-D Optical Logic Gate"

Tien-Hsin Chao

NASA Tech. Briefs May, 1990

"Matrix-Vector Multiplication in Thin Photorefractive Crystal"

Li-Jen Cheng and Gregory O. Gheen

NASA Tech. Briefs June, 1990

"Liquid-Crystal Light Valve Enhances Edges in Images"

T.H. Chao and H.K. Chao

NASA Tech. Briefs June, 1990

"Active Limiters for Photodetectors"

J. Katz and L.J. Cheng

NASA Tech. Briefs September, 1990

"Real Time Optical Edge Enhancement Using a Hughes Liquid Crystal Light Valve"

Tien-Hsin Chao

NASA Tech. Briefs in press

"Modular Multilayer Perceptron"

Li-Jen Cheng and Duncan Liu

NASA Tech. Briefs, in press

"Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari, B. D. Metscher, J. R. Lesh

Accepted NASA Tech. Brief

"Superfine Resolution and Three-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Spectrum Analysis"

H. Ansari, J. R. Lesh

Accepted NASA Tech. Brief

53

III. Advanced Computing

PRECEDI,;',iG P,_GE _LA_'_,_ ,_;(_T ;_:Lf,,_ED

Overview

N92"14774

Advanced concepts in hardware, software and algorithms are being pursued for application

in next generation space computers and for ground-based analysis of space data. The

research program focuses on massively parallel computation and neural networks, as well

as optical processing and optical networking which are discussed in the Photonics Section.

Also included are theoretical programs in neural and nonlinear science, and device

development for magnetic and ferroelectric memories.

1990 Major Technical Achievements

Parallel Computation

Thirteen research institutions and federal agencies that are active in computational

science formed the Concurrent Supercomputing Consortium (CSC) for massively

parallel computing. JPL, NASA, Caltech, DARPA, NSF and several other U.S.

DOE laboratories are part of the CSC membership with Caltech as the lead

institution.

CSC selected the Intel Touchstone Delta System as its first parallel supercomputer

which will be acquired by and operated at Caltech on behalf of the Consortium.

The Intel Delta, based on technology developed at Caltech, will have 528 nodes

with a peak speed of 32 gigaflops and 8 gigabytes of memory making it the most

powerful computer in the world.

Developed 2D and 3D vector finite elements software to run on a parallel

processor for the electromagnetic analysis of arbitrarily-shaped scatterers consisting

of dielectric and conducting materials with possibly inhomogeneous dielectric

properties. Can analyze objects with up to 935,000 4-node tetrahedral elements on

the 64-node JPL/Caltech Mark IIIfp Hypercube.

Developed 2D coupled approach electromagnetic analysis software which

combines finite element and integral equation methods.

Implemented two-dimensional electromagnetic plasma particle-in-cell (PIC) code

on the Mark IIIfp Hypercube. All aspects of the simulation, including particle

push, field solve, load balancing, diagnostics, and graphical output execute in

parallel. This will be used to study plasma waves and turbulence in the solar wind.

Completed studies of electron dynamics in low mach number magnetosonic shock

waves using a one-dimensional electromagnetic plasma PIC code on the Mark lJIfp

Hypercube.

Two 32-node Mark III hypercubes were delivered to U.S. Air Force in Colorado

Springs and are fully functional. Parallel processing technology is being applied to

evolve network computing solutions for air defense problems.

A 128-node Mark IIIfp was delivered to the Caltech Concurrent Supercomputing

Facility (CCSF) and is operational.

Hyperswitch technology was transferred to Unisys as a key component for a

high-end transactions processing network.

57

PRECEDING PAGE BL_-_K NOT FILMED
Organized and conducted workshop at Sandia National Laboratory to teach

techniques of concurrent PIC simulations of Plasma.

Developed version 1.0 of analysis code for the retrieval of atmospheric

parameters from Fourier transform Infrared Spectrometer data. This code is being

developed to run on both sequential and parallel processing platforms.

Completed construction of 10 MAX (prototype spacecraft fault tolerant

multicomputer) modules and evaluation of existing user software development

tools. Shipped four MAX modules to Ames Research Center for evaluation.

Implemented two and three-way voting fault tolerant capability in MAX.

Demonstrated conversion of Planetary Rover subsystem data to MAX dataflow.

Demonstrated ability to reliably and seamlessly patch code during program

execution.

Developed a distributed memory implementation of a computer code which uses a

variational principle to study the collisions of low-energy electrons with industrially

important gases such as Sill4, NF 3 and ASH3. These cross sections play an

important role in modelling plasmas used in materials processing since such

collisions produce the reactive species that are responsible for etching and

deposition in these plasmas. The high-speed and cost-effective computing provided

by these distributed-memory machines considerably enhances our ability to study

these cross sections. These calculations are probably the first of their kind to be

implemented on such machines. We also believe that the critical steps of this

parallel implementation of our computational methodology will be directly useful in

applications of variational approaches to other physical problems on these

machines.

Advanced Networking

(See Fiber Optics and Optical Networking in the Photonics section.)

Neural and Analog Computing

• Several new, fully parallel, programmable, neural and synaptic "building block"

chips have been developed, designed, and fabricated in analog VLSI. This

has substantially increased our building block library of the cascadable chips,

allowing us to implement and demonstrate various new architectures in hardware.

Two examples are given below:

- A synapse-neuron hybrid building block chip has been designed and

fabricated in 2-micron CMOS. This 32 x 32 component chip has 7-bit

resolution per synapse in its synaptic array and 32 neurons along its

diagonal. An order of magnitude reduction in the footprint of the nonlinear

neurons has allowed us to accomplish the integration of neurons and

synapses on the same chip, and yet retain its cascadability.

58
A 32x32opticalsensorarraychip (basedonphototransistors)for

thresholdingandapossiblewinnertakeall function hasbeendesigned

and fabricated in 2-micronCMOS. This is a buildingblock chip for a

fully paralleloptoelectronicimplementationof aneuralnetwork.

Demonstrated "supervised learning" in a fully parallel, reconfigurable neural

network hardware based on our VLSI building blocks. This system utilizes

programmable analog (capacitor refresh) synapses and variable gain VLSI neurons.

While learning with a gradient descent algorithm, the system brings the RMS error

between target and actual output below .0001 in less than 200 passes.

Demonstrated supervised learning in analog hardware neuroprocessor as applied

to a robotics inverse kinematics problem. The system shows excellent learning

capability in spite of the static and dynamic system noise.

Applied the conjugate gradient approach to the learning problem in inverse

kinematics of a 3-1ink robotic arm. This has resulted in a major speedup in the

learning time by a feed forward network, compared to the earlier error-backpropagation algorithm.

Applied the neural net hardware learning system to the problem of ground feature

recognition/classification (water, plants, rocks, etc.) from the multispectral

LANDSAT imagery. The system learns from selected examples and performs very

well on untrained areas.

A fully connected, feedback neural network hardware system with 64 neurons and

4096 (7-bit) synapses, has been applied to a 7x7 resource allocation problem.

This is a first ever demonstration of such a problem in analog hardware. Indeed,

with JPL's novel "analog prompt" scheme, the hardware provides a "very good"

solution (one of the top few solutions out of the total of over 5000 possibilities) in a

few neuron time constants (microseconds).

Demonstrated for the first time "many-to-many" assignments using an expanded

resource allocation circuit simulator, a prerequisite to the hardware fabrication. A

60x20 assignment problem with over 1066 possible assignments is solved in about

25 (simulated) microseconds, orders of magnitude improvement over a typical

digital algorithm. The solution speed and accuracy were compared with a digital

benchmark algorithm (Munkre's) obtained from Dr. T. Gottschalk of Caltech.

Further expanded the resource allocation circuit simulation to include the

performance on the assignment problem with dynamically changing association

costs. Demonstrated the potential enabling power of the allocation neuroprocessor

in dynamic, many-to-one "target to weapon" assignments, even when the targets

are in motion, a very important but computation-intensive application scenario.

Designed and fabricated the first fully parallel, 8x8, analog VLSI test chip for

resource allocation (based on a capacitor refresh nonlinear neuron design). When

implemented as a 64x64 dedicated analog neuroprocessor, it has potential to solve

such a one-to-one assignment problem with over 1089 (64!) possibilities, in a few

milliseconds, over 4 orders of magnitude faster than a fast digital computer.

59
Applied the"superneuron"concept(localexcitation/inhibition),developed for the

resource allocation function, to the travelling salesman problem (TSP) in a circuit

simulation. This has allowed us to expand the scope of the TSP solution from - 8

cities to over 20 cities, in a hardware implementable architecture.

Designed and successfully simulated a circuit for the "cluster buster"

function in our analog implementation scheme. Such a circuit incorporation forces

the desired single-loop solution of the travelling salesman problem rather than the

lower cost multi-salesman solution. An application-specific, integrated chip is

under development.

Developed, designed, and submitted (for fabrication by MOSIS) a test chip

for the signal propagation algorithm that provides a "minimum path - tactical

movement analysis function" for DoD applications, and a "path planning" function

for planetary rover applications.

Observed, for the first time, a non-destructive photogenerated current from

ferroelectric (lead zirconate titanate, PZT) thin films (sandwich geometry with

platinum contacts), dependent on and proportional to their remanent polarization

and incident radiation (UV) intensity. This property is being exploited as a possible

Non-Destructive Read-Out (NDRO) mechanism for digital as well as analog, nonvolatile memories based on ferroelectric thin films.

Neural and Nonlinear Theory

Discovered new method for global optimization of multiextremal functions

based on "Terminal Repeller Unconstrained Subenergy Tunneling" (TRUST).

over 100 times faster than competing state-of-the-art approaches on standard

SIAM benchmarks

TRUST algorithms designed for easy implementation on massively parallel

optoelectronic hardware

major benefit expected for many defense, space, energy, etc. applications

Developed new methodology for multitarget tracking in a dense threat

environment based upon hydrodynamical techniques coupled with neural network

algorithms.

demonstrated tracking errors of under one percent for threat configurations

involving several thousand elements

- method selected for priority classified dissemination by SDIO/IDA's

Advanced Concepts Panel

Developed the novel theory of Non-Lipschitzian Neural Dynamics.

- the ability of our networks to change spontaneously their structural behavior

as a result of parametrical periodic excitations lead to a performance which

phenomenologically resembles brain activity

60
work importanceemphasizedby biologistsin recentissuesof Journal of

Neuroscience

work also leads to design of unpredictable systems having important

defense applications in information processing

Formulated neural learning theory in terms of adjoint operators.

enables highly efficient spatio-temporal pattern processing (speedup greater

than factor N 2, for an N-neuron network)

designed for real time applications

Developed a new methodology enabling rapid tactical situation assessment under

battlefield conditions.

capable of identifying enemy force structures using as little as twenty

percent of detected nodes and arbitra.ey template warping

capable of predicting location of undetected nodes

Data Storage

Discovered destabilization of Vertical Bloch Line (VBL) stripe domains induced

by bit-stabilization made from thin film, permanent magnet strips.

Demonstrated stabilization of VBL stripe domains in the absence of VBL bitstabilization.

Demonstrated major line operation in VBL memory.

Conceived a technique with the aid of supercomputer simulations to stabilize

magnetic bubble domains in the major line at the same broadly-applied bias field at

which stripe domains are stable in the minor loops. This technique is being tested in

the VBL chips now being processed.

Discovered and explained stripe-domain-head repulsion by dams between

minor loops and read/write gates in a partially grooved garnet surface.

Discovered a sharp variation in ion-implantation depth as a function of ion

implantation energy from one garnet composition to another.

Vector Supercomputing for Solar Physics

• Completed quasilinear studies of the saturation of forced current sheet tearing

modes in the solar corona.

61
Parallel Computation

Publications

"An Examination of Finite Element Formulations and Parameters for Accurate Parallel

Solutions of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems"

J. Parker, R. Ferraro, P. Liewer

Proceedings of 5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12

1990, Charleston, SC

"Parallel Finite Elements Applied to the Solution Electromagnetic Scattering Problem"

R. Ferraro, T. Cwik, N. Jacobi, P. Liewer, T. Lockhart, J. Parker, j. Patterson

Proceedings of 5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12

1990, Charleston, SC

"Parallel Computational Electromagnetics"

J. E. Patterson, T. Cwik, R. D. Ferraro, N Jacobi, R. Hodges, P. C. Liewer, T. G.

Lockhart, G. A. Lyzenga, J. W. Parker, J. Partee, D. A. Simoni

C3P Report Sept. 1990

"Method of Moment Solutions to Scattering Problems in a Parallel Processing

Environment"

T. Cwik, J. Partee, J. Patterson

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (accepted for publication)

"The Incremental Construction of Large Scattering and Radiating Objects Using a Matrix

Green's Function"

T. Cwik, J. Patterson

Progress in Electromagnetic Research, Computational Electromagnetics and Supercomputer

Architecture, special issue (submitted)

.p •

arual Differential Equations for Electromagnetic Scattering Problems on Coarse Grained

Concurrent Computers"

R. D. Ferrar0

Progress in Electromagnetic Research, Computational Electromagnetics and Supercomputer

Architecture, special issue (submitted)

"Hypercube Matrix Computation Task--Research in Parallel Computational

Electromagnetics,

T. Cwik, R. D. Ferraro, R. Hodges, N. Jacobi, P. C. Liewer, T. G. Lockhart,

G. A. Lyzenga, J. W. Parker, J. Partee, J. Patterson, D. A. Simoni

Report 1989-1990

"A 2D Electrostatic PIC Code for the Mark III Hypercube"

R. D. Ferraro, P. C. Liewer, V. K. Decyk _

Proceedings of 5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12

1990, Charleston, SC

"Numerical Studies of Electron Dynamics in Oblique Collisionless Shock Waves"

P. C. Liewer, V. K. Decyk, J. M. Dawson, and B. Lembege

J. Geophys. Res. (to be published)

62
"High PerformanceRemoteSensingDataAnalysisUsingParallelComputation"

J. E. Patterson,R. D. Ferraro,L. Sparks

Proceedingsof AIAA/NASA SecondInternationalSymposiumonSpaceInformation

Systems,Sept17- 19, 1990,Pasadena,CA

"ImageProcessingUsingTaskDecompositionTechniquesonaParallelSupercomputer"

D. Simoni,J.Partee

Proceedingsof IEEE4th AnnualParallelProcessingSymposium,April 4-6 1990,

Fullerton,CA

"MAX: An Advanced Parallel Computer for Space Applications"

R.L. Bunker, B.F. Lewis

AIAA/NASA Proceedings of Second International Symposium on Space Information

Systems, Pasadena, CA, September, 1990

"Studies on Electron-Molecule Collisions on the Mark ]]Ifp Hypercube"

Paul Hipes, Carl Winstead, Marco Lima and Vincent McKoy

Proceedings of the Fifth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Charleston, SC,

Volume i, p. 498, edited by D.W. Walker and Q.F. Stout (IEEE Computer Society Press,

Los Alamitos, CA 1990)

"Studies of Electron Collisions with Polyatomic Molecules Using Distributed-Memory

Parallel Computers"

C. Winstead, P.G. Hipes, M.A.P. Lima, and Vincent McKoy

J. Chem. Phys. (accepted for publication)

"Parallel Computation Applied to Electromagnetic Scattering and Radiation Analysis"

J. E. Patterson, T. Cwik, R. D. Ferraro, N. Jacobi, P. Liewer, T. G. Lockhart, G. A.

Lyzenga, J. Parker, D. Simoni

Electromagnetics, Vol. 10, No. 1-2, January-June 1990

"Hypercube Technology"

J. Parker, T. Cwik, R. D. Ferraro, P. C. Liewer, J. E. Patterson

Proceedings of NASA Technology 2000 Conference, November 27-29, 1990

Presentations

"Obtaining High Accuracy in Finite Elements Scattering Problems Using Absorbing

Boundary Conditions"

J. Parker

URSI Meeting, Jan. 3-5 1990, Boulder, CO

"Combined Integral and Partial Differential Equation Solutions in Parallel Computational

Electromagnetics"

T. Cwik, J. Partee, N. Jacobi, J. Patterson, R. Hodges

5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12 1990, Charleston,

SC

"An Examination of Finite Element Formulations and Parameters for Accurate Parallel

Solutions of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems"

J. Parker, R. Ferraro, P. Liewer

5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12, 1990, Charleston,

SC

63
"ParallelFiniteElementsAppliedto theSolutionElectromagneticScatteringProblem"

R. Ferraro,T. Cwik, N. Jacobi,P.Liewer, T. Lockhart, J.Parker,J. Patterson

5thDistributedMemoryConcurrentComputingConference,April 9-12,1990,Charleston,

SC

"A Comparisonof IsoparametricEdgeElementsandDnEtElementsfor 3DElectromagnetic

ScatteringProblems"

J.Parker,R. D. Ferraro,P.C. Liewer

URSIInternationalRadioScienceUnionMeeting,May 7-11,1990,Dallas,TX

"RigorousAnalysisofScatteringfrom LargeBut FiniteArrays-- FrequencySelective

SurfacesandMicrostripPatches"

T. Cwik

URSI InternationalRadioScienceUnionMeeting,May7-11,1990,Dallas,TX

"ParallelFiniteElementsAppliedto 3DElectromagneticScatteringProblems"

R. D. Ferraro,T. Cwik, N. Jacobi,P.C. Liewer, T. G. Lockhart,G. A. Lyzenga,

J.Parker,J. E. Patterson,D. Simoni

IEEEAntennasandPropagationSymposium,May 7-11,1990,Dallas,TX

"Researchin ComputationalElectromagnetics"

R.D. Ferraro

lnvitedpresentation, Atlanta, GA, July 17, 1990

"Integral Equation Solutions to Radiation and Scattering Problems Using a Coarse-Grained

Parallel Processor"

T. Cwik, J. Partee, J. Patterson

The 4th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, Oct. 22-24,

1990, Toronto, Ontario

"Coupling Finite Element and Integral Equation Methods to Model Frequency Selective

Screens or Dichroic Plates"

T. Cwik, R. Hodges

The 4th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, Oct. 22-24,

1990, Toronto, Ontario

"Finite Elements Applied to Electromagnetic Scattering Problems on MIMD Computers"

R.D. Ferraro

Center for Research in Parallel Computing Forum seminar, Oct. 31, 1990

"Hypercube Technology"

J. Parker, T. Cwik, R. D. Ferraro, P. C. Liewer, J. E. Patterson

NASA Technology 2000 Conference, November 27-29, 1990

"Plasma Particle Simulations and Dynamic Load Balancing on the Mark III Hypercube"

P. Liewer and R. Ferraro

Center for Research in Parallel Computing Forum seminar, Feb. 21, 1990

"A 2D Electrostatic PIC Code for the Mark III Hypercube"

R. D. Ferraro, P. C. Liewer, V. K. Decyk

5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12, 1990, Charleston,

SC

64
"ElectronDampingof Whistler Precursors to Oblique Magnetosonic Shock"

P. C. Liewer, V. K. Decyk, J. M. Dawson, B. Lembege

1990 AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 3-7, 1990, San Francisco, CA

"Nonlinear Development of Forced Current Sheet Tearing Modes"

D. G. Payne, P. C. Liewer

1990 AGU Fall Meeting, Dec. 3-7, 1990 San Francisco, CA

"A 2D Electrostatic PIC Code for the Mark III Hypercube"

R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer, V.K. Decyk, and J. Dawson

1990 Sherwood Theory Meeting, Williamsburg, VA

"A 2D Electrostatic PIC Code for the Mark III Hypercube"

R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer, and V.K. Decyk

U.S.-Japan Workshop, UCLA, Sept. 26-28, 1990

"2D PIC Codes on Distributed Memory Concurrent Computers"

R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer, and V.K. Decyk

Tutorial on Parallel Computing, Sandia National Laboratory, Oct. 8-10, 1990

"Dynamic Load Balancing in Concurrent PIC Codes"

P.C. Liewer and V.K. Decyk

Workshop on Parallel Computing, Sandia National Laboratory, Oct. 8-10, 1990

"A 2D Electrostatic PIC Code for Distributed Memory Concurrent Computers"

R.D. Ferraro, P.C. Liewer, and V.K. Decyk

Thirty-second Annual Meeting of the Division of Plasma Physics, Nov. 12-16, 1990

"Image Processing Using Task Decomposition Techniques on a Parallel Supercomputer"

D. Simoni, J. Partee

IEEE 4th Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, April 4-6, 1990, Fullerton, CA

"Pipelined Approach to SAR Processing on the Hypercube"

D. Simoni, J. Partee

5th Distributed Memory Concurrent Computing Conference, April 9-12, 1990, Charleston,

SC

"High Performance Remote Sensing Data Analysis Using Parallel Computation"

J. E. Patterson, R. D. Ferraro, L. Sparks

AIAA/NASA Second International Symposium on Space Information Systems, Sept. 17 -

19, 1990, Pasadena, CA

"Parallel Processing for Remote Sensing Data Analysis"

J. E. Patterson

Computing and Information Services News, JPL, Dec., 1990

"Parallel Processing for NASA Applications"

J. Parker, J. Horvath

Center for Research in Parallel Computing Forum seminar, Dec. 12, 1990

"Simultaneous Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters Using Parallel Processing"

L. Sparks, J. E. Patterson, J. L. Fanselow

Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Meeting, Optical Society of America, February

12-15, 1990, Incline Village, NV

65
"LargeScaleRetrievalof Atmospheric Parameters Using Sequential Estimation"

L. Sparks, J. Patterson, and J. Fanselow

Spring AGU meeting, May 29 - June 1, 1990, Baltimore, MD

"Progress on Large-Scale Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters"

L. Sparks, J. E. Patterson

Fall AGU Meeting, Dec. 3-7, 1990, San Francisco, CA

"Concurrent SDI Battle Planning"

D.G. Payne

Hypercube Project Program Review, Jan. 1990

"MAX: An Advanced Parallel Computer for Space Applications"

B.F. Lewis, R.L. Bunker

AIAA/NASA Second International Symposium on Space Information Systems, Pasadena,

CA, Sept. 1990

"Studies of Electron-Molecule Collisions on the Mark IIIfp Hypercube"

Paul Hipes, Carl Winstead, Marco Lima, and Vincent McKoy

The Fifth Distributed Memory Computing Conference, Charleston, S C, April 8-12, 1990

66
Neural and Analog Computing

Publications

"Electronic Hardware Implementations of Neural Networks"

A. P. Thakoor and A. Moopenn

IEEE Computer Society Press Technology Series: Vol. 2, Neural networks; Edited by

B. Wah et al. 1990 (in press)

"Solid State Reprogrammable Analog Resistor Devices for Electronic Neural Networks"

R. Ramesham, S. Thakoor, T. Daud, and A. P. Thakoor

J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 1935 (1990)

"Solid State Thin Film Memistor for Electronic Neural Networks"

S. Thakoor, A. Moopenn, T. Daud, and A. P. Thakoor

J. Appl. Phys. 67, 3132 (1990)

Presentations

"A Robotics Inverse Kinematics Problem Implemented on Neural Network Hardware with

Gradient Descent Learning"

S. P. Eberhardt, T. Duong, R. Tawel, F. J. Pineda, and A. P. Thakoor

Proc. lASTED conference on Neural Networks and Expert Systems, Honolulu, Hawaii;

(1990) pp. 70-73

"A VLSI Neuroprocessor for Dynamic Assignment of Resources"

S. P. Eberhardt, T. Daud, and A. P. Thakoor

IEEE Intl. Conf. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Los Angeles, CA; pp. 714-717 (1990)

"Analog Parallel Processor Hardware for High Speed Pattern Recognition"

T. Daud, R. Tawel, H. Langenbacher, S. Eberhardt, and A. P. Thakoor

Proc. SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, Lausanne,

Switzerland, 1990 (in press)

"A Learning Neural Network from Analog VLSI Building Block Chips"

S. Eberhardt and A. P. Thakoor

Australian Conference on Neural Networks, January 1990

"A Supervised Learning Neural Network From Analog VLSI Hardware"

S. Eberhardt and A. P. Thakoor

Neural Networks for Computing Conference, Snowbird, Utah; April 1990

"Electronic Neural Networks for Combinatorial Optimization"

A. Tha_koor, T. Duong, and S. Eberhardt

Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, FuUerton, CA; April 1990

"Electronic Neural Network Hardware"

S. Eberhardt

Invited presentation, Neural Computing Technology Workshop, the National Testbed

(NTB) facility, Falcon AFB, Colorado Springs, CO, February 1990

67
"ElectronicNeuroprocessors"

A. P.Thakoor

Invited presentation, Western Communications Forum, San Diego, February 1990

"Electronic Neuroprocessors"

A. P. Thakoor

Invited presentation, Workshop on Neural Networks, Hughes Corporate Center, Los

Angeles, April 1990

"Electronic Neuroprocessors for Space Applications"

A. P. Thakoor

lnvitedpresentation, NASA Workshop on Technologies for Space Station Evolution,

Dallas, Texas; January 1990

"Hybrid Optoelectronic Neural Net Architectures Based on Ferroelectric Synaptic Array"

S. Thakoor, B. Krishnakumar, and A. P. Thakoor

Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fullerton, CA; April 1990

"Thin Film Ferroelectric Capacitor as an Analog Memory for Neural Networks"

S. Thakoor

2nd Integrated Ferroelectric Symposium, Monterey, CA; March 1990

"Winner-Take-All Processor for Pattern Classification"

R. Tawel, T. Daud, H. Langenbacher, and A. P. Thakoor

Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fullerton, CA; April 1990

"Electronic and Optical Neurocomputers"

A. P. Thakoor

Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fullerton, CA; April 1990

"Electronic Neural Network Implementations"

A. P. Thakoor

Invited presentation, Seminar at the Aerospace Corporation, May 1990

"Electronic Neuroprocessors"

A. P. Thakoor

Invited presentation, Seminar at UCSB, May 1990

"Electronic Neuroprocessors as High Speed Tactical Decision Aids"

A. P. Thakoor

Invited Presentation, Seminar, Neural Network Workshop, Naval Surface Warfare Center;

White Oak, Md., May 1990

"Large Scale Implementations of Neural Networks"

S. Thakoor

Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fulierton, CA; April 1990

"Neural Networks: Hardware Implementations"

A. P. Thakoor

Invited presentation, C. S. Draper Laboratory; Cambridge, MA, June 1990

68

|

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_i

i

=

=_

!

i
Patents and New Technology Reports

"Analog Delta Back-Propagation Neural Network Circuitry"

S. Eberhardt

NASA Tech. Brief 14(6), 28 (1990)

"Analog Hardware for Learning Neural Networks"

S. Eberhardt

NASA Tech. Briefs (1990) in press

"Design of Parallel Hardware Neural Network System From Custom Analog VLSI

Building Block Chips"

S. Eberhardt

NASA Tech. Briefs (1990) in press

"Electrically and Optically Addressed Ferroelecwic Nonvolatile Analog Memory Adapted as

Synapses in Neural Networks"

S. Thakoor, A. Moopenn, H. Stadler

NASA Tech. Briefs (1990) in press

"Electronic Neural Network to Solve the Traveling Salesman Problem"

A. Thakoor and A. Moopenn

NASA Tech. Briefs (1990) in press

"High Speed Image Classification Based on Parallel Readout of Signature Vector"

S. Thakoor and A. P. Thakoor

NASA Tech. Briefs 1990 (in press)

"Hybrid Optoelectronic Processor Based on Optically Addressable Ferroelectric Analog

Memory Array"

S. Thakoor and A. P. Thakoor

NASA Tech. Briefs (1990) in press

"Neural Network Processor for Resource Allocation"

S. Eberhardt

NASA Tech. Briefs 14(10), 46 (1990)

"Porous Floating Gate Field Effect Transistor"

A. P. Thakoor, A. Moopenn, and J. Lambe

NASA Tech. Briefs 14(7), 20 (1990)

"processor for Finding Best Path"

S. Eberhardt

NASA Tech. Briefs 14(5), 40 (1990)

"Programmable Analog Memory Resistors for Electronic Neural Networks"

R. Ramesham, S. Thakoor, T. Daud, and A. P. Thakoor

NASA Tech. Briefs 14(2), 18 (1990)

"Quantized Gray-scale Electronic Synapses"

J. Lamb, T. Daud, and A. P. Thakoor

NASA Tech. Briefs 14(4), 21 (1990)

69
"A Fine-grain,ConcurrentProcessorfor BestPathSelection"

S.Eberhardt

Applicationfiled (NASA)

"A Neural Network Architecture with Variable Temperature Neurons for Efficient

Learning"

R. Tawel

Application fried (NASA)

"Analog Hardware Implementation of the Serial Update Learning Rule"

S. Eberhardt

Application filed (NASA)

"High Density Associative Memory"

A. P. Thakoor, A. Moopenn, and T. Daud

Patent # 4,839,859 (Caltech)

"Solid State, Nonvolatile, Electronically Programmable, Reversible, Variable Resistance

Device"

R. Ramesham, S. Thakoor, T. Daud, and A. P. Thakoor

Patent # 4,839,700 (Caltech)

"Thin Film Memory Matrix Based on Switching in Amorphous and High Resistivity

Layers"

J. Lambe, A. Moopenn, and A. P. Thakoor

Patent # 4,876,668 (Caltech)

"New Technique for Deposition of Ferroelectric/Piezoelectric Thin Films of

Multicomponent Oxides (e.g. lead zirconate titanate) by Multitarget dc Magnetron

Sputtering at Ambient Temperatures"

S. Thakoor

New Technology Report, 1990

"Electronic Neural Network Solution to the Traveling Salesman Problem"

A. Thakoor and A. Moopenn

Application fried (NASA)

70
Neural and Nonlinear Theory

Publications

"An Efficient Algorithm for Computation of Manipulator Inertia Matrix"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

J. Robotic Systems, 7, 57-80 (1990)

"Recurrent Backpropagation Networks"

F. Pineda

Back-Propagation: Theory, Architectures and Applications, Y. Chauvin & D. L. Rumelhart

(Eds.), Lawrence Edbaum Associates (in press, 1990)

"Time Dependent Adaptive Neural Networks"

F. Pineda

Adv. Neur. Inf. Proc. Sys., 2, 710-718, (1990)

"Self-Organizing Neuromorphic Architecture for Manipulator Inverse Kinematics"

J. Barhen and S. Gulati

NATO-ASI, F66 (in press, 1990)

"Non-Lipschitzian Neural Dynamics"

J. Barhen, M. Zak and N. Toomarian

Advanced Neural Computers, R. Eckmiller ed., pp. 102-112, North-Holland (1990)

"Adjoint Operator Algorithms for Faster Learning in Neural Networks"

J. Barhen, N. Toomarian and M. Zak

Adv. Neur. Inf. Proc. Sys., 2, 498-508 (1990)

"Application of Adjoint Operators to Neural Learning"

J. Barhen, N. Toomarian and S. Gulati

Appl. Math. Lett., 3 (3), 13-18, (1990)

"Fast Learning in Dynamical Neural Networks Using Adjoint Operators"

J. Barhen, S. Gulati and N. Toomarian

IEEE Trans. Neur. Nets, 3 (in press, 1990)

"Neural Networks with Creative Dynamics"

M. Zak and J. Barhen

Math. & Comp. Modeling (in press, 1990)

"Unsupervised Learning Using the Phase Velocity Field Approach"

M. Zak and N. Toomarian

Adv. Neur. Inf. Proc. Sys., 2, 583-589 (1990)

"Hydrodynamics Stability and Frames of Reference"

M. Zak

Math. and Comp. Modelling, 13 (1), 33-37 (1990)

"Spontaneously Activated Systems in Neurodynamics"

M. Zak

Complex Systems, 3,471-492 (1990)

71
"TerminalAttractorsandUnpredictableDynamics"

M. Zak

NeuralNetwork Review(in press,1990)

"TerminalChaosforInformationProcessingin Neurodynamics"

M. Zak

BiologicalCybernetics(in press,1990)

"WeaklyConnectedNeuralNets"

M. Zak

Applied Math.Letters,3 (3), 131-135(1990)

"Adjoint OperatorsandNon-AdiabaticLearningin NeuralNetworks"

N. ToomarianandJ.Barhen

Appl. Math.Lett. (in press,1990)

"OscillationsandSynchronizationsin NeuralNetworks.An Explorationof theLabeling

Hypothesis"

P.Baldi andA. Atiya

Int. Journalof Neu. Sys.,1(2), 103-124(1990)

"Back-PropagationandUnsupervisedLearning in Linear Networks"

P. Baldi and K. Hornik

Back-Propagation: Theory, Architectures and Applications, Y. Chauvin and D. E.

Rumelhart, Editors, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (in press, 1990)

"Computing with Arrays of Coupled Oscillators: An Application to Texture Discrimination"

P. Baldi and R. Meir

Neural Computation, 2 (4) (in press, 1990)

"Graph Coloring Bounds for Cellular Radio"

P. Baldi, and E. C. Posner

International Journal of Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 19 (10), 91-97,

(1990)

"On a Generalized Family of Colorings"

P. Baldi

Graphs and Combinatorics, 6 (in press, 1990)

"A Normal Approximation for the Number of Local Maxima of a Random Function on a

Graph"

P. Baldi, Y. Rinott and C. Stein

Probability, Statistics and Mathematics: Papers in Honor of Samuel Karlin, T. W.

Anderson, K. B. Athreya and D. L. Iglehart, Editors, Academic Press (in press, 1990)

"On the Distribution of the number of Local Minima of a Random Function on a Graph"

P. Baldi, Y. Rinott and C. Stein

Adv. Neur. Inf. Proc. Sys., 2, 727-732 (1990)

"The Pebble Crunching Model for Fault-Tolerant Load-Balancing in Hypercube

Ensembles ........

S. Gulati, L Barhen and S. Iyengar

The Computer Journal, 33 (3), 204-214 (1990)

72
"NeurocomputingFormalismsfor LearningandMachineIntelligence"

S.Gulati, J.Barhen,andS.Iyengar

Advancesin Computing1990,M.C. Yovits ed.,AcademicPress,New York (in press,

1990)

"ComputationalNeuralLearningFormalismsfor ManipulatorInverseKinematics"

S.Gulafi, J. Barhen,S.Iyengar

IEEE Trans.S.M.C. (in press,1990)

"CreativeDynamicalApproachtoNeuralIntelligence"

M. Zak

Biological Cybernetics,64(1), 15-23(1990)

"PhotorefractiveDynamicRangeCompression"

H. K. Liu

1990TechnicalDigestSeries,OpticalSocietyof America,7, 216-218(1990)

Presentations

"Serial and Parallel Computation of Kane's Equations for Multibody Dynamics"

A. Fijany

Proc. 4th Workshop on Computational Control of Flexible Aerospace Systems (in press,

1990)

"Adjoint Operator Algorithms for Learning in Neural Networks"

J. Barhen, N. Toomarian and S. Gulati

IJCNN, 1 (W), 512-516 (1990)

"Creative Dynamics Approach to Neural Intelligence"

M. Zak

Proceedings of 4th Annual Parallel Processing Symp. (1990)

"Unpredictable Neurodynamics for Robot Intelligence Simulations"

M. Zak, J. Barhen and N. Toomarian

INNC-Paris, pp. 205-208, Kluwer-Academic Press, Dordrecht, Holland (1990)

"Creative Dynamics Approach to Optimization Problems"

M. Zak, N. Toomarian and J. Barhen

IJCNN, 3 (SD), 765-772 (1990)

"Pattern Recognition by Hierarchy of Attracting Sets"

M. Zak

Int. Symp. Expert Systems and Neural Networks, Honduly (in press, 1990)

"Robot-Assisted Extravehicular Activity: Part I - Perceptual Manipulation Architecture"

S. Gulati and S. T. Venkataraman

Proceedings, SPIE Conference on Cooperative Intelligent Robots in Space, Philadelphia,

PA (in press, 1990)

"Robot-Assisted Extravehicular Activity: Part II - Sensorimotor Control"

S. T. Venkataraman and S. Gulati

Proceedings, SPIE Conference on Cooperative Intelligent Robots in Space, Philadelphia,

PA (in press, 1990)

73
"FastNeuralLearningAlgorithmsfor Neurocontrol"

J.Barhen,S.Gulati andN. Toomarian

Invited presentation, Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fullerton, CA, April

4-6, 1990

"Control Issues Related to Robot-Assisted Extravehicular Activity"

S. Gulati and S. T. Venkataraman

Invited presentation, Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control,

Philadelphia, PA, Sept. 5-7, 1990

"Computational Chaos in Massively Parallel Neural Systems"

S. Gulati and J. Barhen

Invited presentation, Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fullerton, CA, April

4-6, 1990

"Perceptual Robotics: A Vehicle for Synergistic Man-Machine Systems"

S. Gulati and S. T. Venkataraman

Invited presentation, IEEE Conference on Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, Nov.

1990

"Perceptual Manipulation Systems in Manufacturing"

S. Gulati

lnvitedpresentation, SME Workshop on Neural Networks: Opportunities and Applications

in Manufacturing, Detroit, MI, April 3-4, 1990

"Adaptive Sensorimotor Control for Robot-Assisted Extravehicular Activity"

S. Gulati, S. T. Venkataraman and C. R. Weisbin

Invited presentation, Fourth Annual Parallel Processing Symposium, Fullerton, CA, April

4-6, 1990

"Precise-Compliant Adaptive Sensorimotor Control"

S. T. Venkataraman and S. Gulati

Invited presentation, Fifth IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control,

Philadelphia, PA, Sept. 5-7, 1990

"Predetection Dynamic Range Compression Using BaTiO 3 Photorefractors"

H. K. Liu

Invited talk, 20th Winter Colloquium on Quantum Electronics, Snowbird, UT, Jan. 1990

"The Optical Implementation of Inner Product Neural Associative Memory"

H. K. Liu

Invited talk, SPIE Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 1990

"Neural Network Principles and Optical Implementations"

H. K. Liu

Short Course, SPIE International Symposium on Optoelectronic Applied Science and

Engineering (1990)

"Dynamic Range Compression Via Noise-Induced Scattering in Photorefractive Crystals"

H. K. Liu

Conference Record of 1990 International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing, 182-184

(1990)

74
Patents and New Technology Reports

"Algorithrnically-Specialized Parallel Architecture for Robotics Applications"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

NASA Journal of Tech. Briefs (in press, 1990)

"Efficient Computation of Manipulator Inertia Matrix"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

NASA Journal of Tech. Briefs (in press, 1990)

"Fast Parallel Computation of Manipulator Inverse Dynamics"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

NASA Journal of Tech. Briefs (in press, 1990)

"Parallel Algorithms for computation of Manipulator Inertia Matrix"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

NASA Journal of Tech. Briefs (in press, 1990)

"Parallel Architecture for Robotics Computation"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

NASA Journal of Tech. Briefs, June 1990, pp. 36-38

"Fast Conjugate Gradient Algorithms for Manipulator dynamic Simulation"

A. Fijany and R. E. Scheid

NASA Journal of Tech. Briefs (in press, 1990)

"Chaotic Motion of a Two-Link Planar Mechanism"

M. Zak

NASA Tech. Briefs, NPO-17387/6898, Vol. 13, No. 8, I990

"Characteristic Wave Approach as a Complement to Modal Analysis"

M. Zak

NASA Tech. Briefs, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1990

"Non-Lipschitzian Dynamics for Modelling Neural Networks"

M. Zak

NASA Tech. Briefs, NPO-17814, 1990

"Propagation of Pulse Vibrations in Large Structures"

M. Zak

NASA Tech. Briefs, NPO-17559, 1990

"Vibrational Responses of Structures to Impulses"

M. Zak

NASA Tech. Briefs, 1990

"Vibrational Responses of Structures to Impulses"

M. Zak

NASA Tech. Briefs, Vol. 14, No. 3, 1990

"A Highly Parallel Computer Architecture for Robotics Computation"

A. Fijany and A. K. Bejczy

Patent Pending, NASA & JPL Case No. NPO-17632

75
Data Storage

Publications

"Data Storage Technology Comparisons"

R. R. Katti, H. L. Stadler and J. C. Wu

Proceedings of the Second Annual NASA VLSI Design Symposium, University of Idaho

NASA Spaceflight Engineering Research Center, November 1990, pp. 7.1.1-7.1.18

"Integrated Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R. R. Katti, J. C. Wu, and H. L. Stadler

Proceedings of the NASA Technology 2000 Conference, November 1990

"Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R. R. Katti, J. C. Wu, and H. L. Stadler

Proceedings of the Second Annual NASA VLSI Design Symposium, University of Idaho

NASA Spaceflight Engineering Research Center, November 1990, pp. 8.3.1-8.3.20

"Thickness and Roughness Dependence of DC Modulation Noise in Thin Film Magnetic

Recording Media"

R. R. Katti and D. A. Saunders

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 2712-2714, September 1990

Presentations

"Data Storage Technologies for a Planetary Rover"

R. R. Katti

National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) Meeting, October 1990, Tsukuba

Space Flight Center, Tokyo, Japan

"Data Storage Technology Comparisons"

R. R. Katti, H. L. Stadler and J. C. Wu

Accepted for Presentation, Second Annual NASA Symposium on VLSI Design, Univ. of

Idaho NASA Spaceflight Engineering Research Center, November 1990, Moscow, ID

"The Effect of Random Coercivity on Domain Growth Processes in Rare Earth-Transition

Metal Alloys" =........

R. S. Weng, J. C. Wu, and M. H. K.ryder

Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference, November 1990, San Diego, CA

"Solid State Magnetic Memory"

J. C. Wu

Invited presentation, Caltech Course on Magnetic Recording fEE 150), May 1990,

Pasadena, CA

"Spaceflight Data Storage and Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R.R. Katti

Invited presentation, 3M-National Media Laboratory Meeting, October 1990, St. Paul, MN

"Major Line Operation in Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

J. C. Wu, R. R. Katti, and H. L. Stadler

Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference, November 1990, San Diego, CA

76
"Minor LoopOperationinVerticalBlochLineMemory"

J. C. Wu, R. R. Katti, andH. L. Stadler

MagnetismandMagneticMaterialsConference,November1990,SanDiego,CA

"IntegratedVerticalBlochLine Memory"

R. R. Katti, J. C. Wu, and H. L. Stadler

NASA Technology 2000 Conference, November 1990, Washington, DC

"Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

R. R. Katti, J. C. Wu, and H. L. Stadler

Accepted for Presentation, Second Annual NASA Symposium on VLSI Design, Univ. of

Idaho NASA Spaceflight Engineering Research Center, November 1990, Moscow, ID

"The Vertical Bloch Line Memory"

H. L. Stadler

Invited presentation, Department Colloquium, Electrical Engineering Department,

University of Victoria, May 1990, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

"Vertical Bloch Line Memory Concepts"

H. L. Stadler

Invited presentation, 3M-National Media Laboratory Meeting, October 1990, St. Paul, MN

"Current Results on Vertical Bloch Line Memory Development"

J. C. Wu

Invited presentation, NEC Corporation Meeting, October 1990, Tokyo, Japan

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Magnet-Hall Effect Random Access Memory"

J. C. Wu, H. L. Stadler, and R. R. Katti

Patent Application Submitted, Based on NTR-17999

"Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory"

J. C. Wu, H. L. Stadler, and R. R. Katti

Patent Application Submitted, Based on NTR-17954

"Analog Random Access Memory"

R. R. Katti, J. C. Wu, and H. L. Stadler

Patent Application Submitted

"Compact Memory Using Hybrid Magnetic Recording Technology for Gigabit-level

Storage"

R. R. Katti

NTR-18218, February 21] 1990

"Three-Dimensional Magnetic Bubble Memory System"

R. R. Katti, J. C. Wu, and H. L. Stadler

NTR Submitted

77
Vector Supercomputing for Solar Physics

Publications

"Linear Tearing Modes of a Forced Current Sheet Equilibrium"

P. C. Liewer and D. G. Payne

Astrophysical Journal, 353, 1990, p. 658.

"Quasilinear Saturation of Forced Current Sheet Tearing Modes"

P. C. Liewer and D. G. Payne

Geophysical Research Letters, 17 (1990) p. 2047

Presentations

"Quasilinear Saturation of Forced Current Sheet Tearing Modes"

P. C. Liewer and D. G. Payne

1990 Conference on Transition Regions in Solar System Plasmas, Yosemite, February,

1990

"Magnetic Reconnection in a Nearly Singular Current Sheet"

P. Liewer and D. Payne

AAS Solar Physics Division Meeting, Albuquerque, NM, June 1990

"Quasilinear Saturation of Tearing Modes in a Forced Current Sheet Equilibrium"

D. G. Payne and P. C. Liewer

AGU, December 1990, San Francisco, CA

78
Vector Supercomputing Applications for Astrophysics

Presentations

"Numerical Simulations of Magnetized Jets"

K.R. Lind, D.G. Payne & D.L. Meier

Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Washington DC, January, 1990

"Numerical Simulations of Magnetized Jets"

K.R. Lind, D.G. Payne & D.L. Meier

Meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Albuquerque, N-M, June, 1990

"Numerical Simulations of MHD Jets"

D.G. Payne

lnvitedpresentation, Workshop on Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei, Pasadena, CA,

December, 1990

"Numerical Simulations of Magnetized Jets"

T. Elvins, T. McLeod, D.G. Payne, D.L. Meier & K.R. Lind

SIGGRAPH, Dallas, TX, (video presentation) June, 1990

"Numerical Simulations of Magnetized Jets"

T. Elvins, T. McLeod, D.G. Payne, D.L. Meier & K.R. Lind

Supercomputing '90, New York, NY (video presentation) November, 1990

79

IV. Custom Microcircuits

PRECEDING PAGE '_' _A,-_._ _""" NOT F:L_,_£_

Overview

N92-14775

The goals of this program are to develop custom microcircuit technology, also known as

Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) technology, for use in flight and ground

programs. Supporting this effort are activities to investigate the effects of the space

environment, and particularly ionizing radiation, on microcircuits and to develop a space

qualification methodology. Another aspect of the program emphasizes innovative

applications of custom microcircuit technology to image and signal processing and

communications.

1990 Major Technical Achievements

Application Specific Integrated Circuits

Fabricated and successfully tested VLSI design of a Universal Noiseless Coder

Chip.

Developed VLSI design of GPS digital receiver chip usingLSI Logic gate array.

Developed the data path for the layout of a Floating Point Unit chip for Sandia

National Laboratory.

Designed Fault Management Unit chip and Control Unit chip as part of the

SPACE 16/Common Flight Computer development. The chips were designed

using JPL standard cell library.

Designed, fabricated, tested, and demonstrated a Data Compression chip

which performs high-speed lossless data compression for the Eos HIRIS

instrument.

Designed systolic Binary Tree-Searched Vector Quantizer (BTSVQ) chip for the

Eos onboard SAR processor and Alaska SAR Facility. The BTSVQ performs

high-speed VLSI lossy image compression.

Developed an adaptive VLSI neuroprocessor for high performance data

compression.

Developed a hardware-annealed VLSI neuroprocessor for real-time optical flow

computing.

Co-designed and performed layout of two versions of PO32, a "Smart

Camera" chip. B_oth chips contain 1024 pixels and are capable of determining if

they have a parallel optical input, and each has real time image analysis applications.

Designed test chips with various photosensitive elements for use in "Smart

Cameras."

Received and tested a standard cell version and a gate array version of a custom

chip for the Big Viterbi Decoder (BVD). Production runs (600 chips) of each

version were obtained. The chips are installed and under test in the BVD board.

83

PRECEDING PAGE BLAi',I.','L NOT FILMED
Quality Assurance and Space Qualification Methodology

Designed and fabricated Total Ionizing Dose (TID) test chips in MOSIS 2.0l.t (nwell and p-well), 1.6kt (n-well) and 1.2kt (n-well) CMOS processes.

Characterized Single-Event Upset (SEU) test chip with a Polonium alpha particle

source. Permits economical bench-level SEU characterization of a CMOS process.

Results presented at Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference in July 1990.

Designed and delivered JPL/SEMATECH test chip for the SEMATECH 0.5l.t

CMOS process. Fabrication of a test chip set initiated at SEMATECH.

84
Application Specific Integrated Circuits

Publications

"Real-Time Computing of Optical Flow Using Adaptive VLSI Neuroprocessors"

W.C. Fang, B.J. Sheu

IEEE Proceedings of International Conference of Computer Design, Cambridge, MA, Oct.

1990, pp. 122-125

"Systolic Tree-Searched Vector Quantizer for Real-time Image Compression"

W.C. Fang, C.-Y. Chang, B.J. Sheu

IEEE Proceedings of 1990 Workshop on VLSI Signal Processing, San Diego, CA, Nov.

7-9, 1990, pp. 352-361

Presentations

"Real-Time Computing of Optical Flow Using Adaptive VLSI Neuroprocessors"

W.C. Fang, B.J. Sheu

IEEE International Conference of Computer Design, Cambridge, MA, Oct. 1990

"Systolic Tree-Searched Vector Quantizer for Real-time Image Compression"

W.C. Fang, C.-Y. Chang, B.J. Sheu

1990 IEEE Workshop on VLSI Signal Processing, San Diego, CA, Nov. 7-9, 1990

85
Quality Assurance and Space Qualification Methodology

Publications

"Using Advanced Microelectronic Test Chips to Qualify ASICs for Space"

M.G. Buehler, B.R. Blaes and Y-S. Lin

NASA SERC 1990 Symp. on VLSI Design, pp. 105-116 (1990)

"Fault Chip Defect Characterization for Wafer Scale Integration"

D.J. Hannaman, H.R. Sayah, R.A. Allen, M.G. Buehler, M. Yung

IEEE Proceedings 1990 Int. Conf. Microeiectronic Test Structures, Vol. 3,

pp. 67-71 (1990)

"Linewidth and Step Resistance Distribution Measurements Using an Addressable Array"

H.R. Sayah, M.G. Buehler

IEEE Proceedings 1990 Int. Conf. Microelectronic Test Structures, Vol. 3,

pp. 87-92 (1990)

"Error Analysis for Optimal Design of Accelerated Tests"

D.J. Hannaman, N. Zamani, J. Dhiman, M.G. Buehler

Proc. Int. Rel. Phys. Symp., pp. 55-60, March 1990

"Test SRAMs for Characterizing Alpha-Particle Tracks in CMOS/Bulk Circuits"

M.G. Buehler, B.R. Blaes

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, December 1990

Presentations

"ASIC Quality Assurance for Space Qualified Application-Specific Integrated Circuits

(QASIC)"

M.G. Buehler

IEEE Parts Steering Committee Meeting (February 14, 1990)

"A Vernier Technique for Mapping Alpha-Particle Sensitive Area in Special Static

Memories"

M.G. Buehler, B.R. Blaes, U. Lieneweg, G.A. Soli

Seventh Symposium on Single-Event Effects, Los Angeles, CA, April 24-25, 1990

"Modelling Radiation Induced Timing Delays Measured from the Timing Sampler Test

Structu_"

Y.S. Lin, B.R. Blaes, M.G. Buehler

DNAMDC Workshop on Test Structure Device Radiation Hardening and Hardness

Assurance, Los Angeles, CA, April 26, 1990

"Alpha Particle Sensitive Test SRAMs"

M.G. Buehler, B.R. Blaes, G.A. Soli, K.A. Hicks, U. Lieneweg

Nuclear Space Radiation Effects Conference, Reno, NV, July 17, 1990

86
"SpaceQualifiedApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (QASIC): Design and Fabrication

Verification Procedures"

M.G. Buehler, S.A. Peak

Advanced Microelectronics Technology-Qualification and Logistics Workshop, San Diego,

CA, August 29, 1990

Patents and New Technology Reports

"Asymmetric Memory Circuit Would Resist Soft Errors"

M.G. Buehler, M. Perlman

NASA Tech. Brief, Vol. 14, No. 1, January 1990

"Thermal-Interaction Matrix for Resistive Test Structure"

M.G. Buehler, J.K. Dhiman, N. Zamani

NASA Tech. Brief, Vol. 14, No. 4, April 1990

"Exact Chord-Length Distributions for SEU Calculations"

M.G. Buehler, K.L. Luke

NASA Tech. Brief, Vol. 14, No. 4, April 1990

87

V. Appendix

PRECEDING PAGE DLAi'_K NOT FILMED

T. Phillips

J. Zmuidzinas

D. Rutledge

V. Lubecke

G. Fox

P. Messina

H. Keller

T. Krucken

J. Hopfield

C. Koch

C. Mead

T. Gottschalk

D. Psaltis

J. D. Baldeschweiler

F. Culick

K. Vahala

D. Goodstein

R. Housely

M. Cross

T. Tombrello

D. Dougherty

A. Yariv

H. Gray

A. Zewail

R. Grubbs

CSMT-Caltech Campus Collaboration

(Cumulative List)

Submillimeter Detectors

Submillimeter Detectors

Submillimeter Antennas

Submillimeter Receiver Technology

Hypercube Concurrent Computing

Hypercube Concurrent Computing

Concurrent Plasma Simulations

Concurrent Plasma Simulations

Neural Networks, Molecular Computation

Neural Networks

Neural Networks

Neural Networks

Optical Processing

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

Robotic Computing

E-Beam Lithography

High Tc Superconductivity

High Tc Superconductivity

High Tc Superconductivity

High Tc Superconductivity

Optical Switching Materials

Infrared Detectors

Molecular Electronics

Optical Characterization

Nonlinear Optical Materials

91

PRECEDING PAGE DLANK NOT FILMED
N. Yeh

J. Pine

L. Hood

V. McKoy

High Tc Superconductivity

Micromachined Silicon Biological Probes

Custom VLSI for Genome Sequencing

Diamond Film Technology

92
Distinguished Visiting Scientists

(Cumulative List)

Professor Albert W. Overhauser, Department of Physics, Purdue University

- Chaired Professor

- Member NAS

- Buckley Prize Winner (1975)

Professor Hadis Morkoc, Department of Electrical Engineering and Material

Research Laboratory, University of Illinois

- MBE semiconductor devices

Dr. Robert Jaldevic, Principal Research Scientist, Ford Motor Co., Research Staff

- Inventor of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID)

- Inventor of Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy

Dr. C. Thomas Elliot, Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, United Kingdom

- Leading international expert on IR technology

- Inventor of the Sprite (Signal Processing in Element) detector

Professor Lester Eastman, Electrical Engineering, Cornell University

- Fellow of the IEEE

- Member of the U.S. Government Advisory Committee on Electron

Devices

- Member National Academy of Engineering

Professor Max Schultz, Department of Applied Physics, University of Erlangen,

West Germany

- Infrared imaging

- Semiconductor interface characterization and silicon MBE

- MOS physics

Professor John Wilkins, Department of Physics, Cornell University

- Solid state theory of metals, superconductors and semiconductors

Professor O. Engstrom, Department of Solid State Electronics, Chalmers

University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden

- Energy properties of solid memory cells

Professor Pieter Balk, Delft Institute of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

93
- Directorof theDelft Instituteof MicroelectronicsandSubmicron

Technology

- MBE of ]]I-V materialsandSiGe

- MOSphysics

ProfessorFloydHumphrey,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,Boston

University, Massachusetts

- Magneticmassrandomaccessmemory

- Microsecondoptical studies of magnetic switching

- 1988 IEEE Magnetics Society Achievement Award

Professor C.D.W. Wilkinson, Department of Electronics and Electrical

Engineering, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom

- Nanometer electron beam lithography

Dr. T. Andersson, Department of Physics, Chalmers University, Sweden

- MBE of I]I-V materials

- Interface formation in thin films

Professor N. Farhat, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of

Pennsylvania

- Optical neural networks

- Photonics

Professor James Mayer, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell

University

- Francis Norwood Bard Professor of Materials Science and Engineering

- RBS/channeling and ion beam modification of materials

- Interdiffusion and reactions in thin films

Professor L. Eric Cross, Department of Electrical Engineering, Cornell University

- Chaired Professor

- Former Director of Materials Research Laboratory

- Member of National Academy of Engineering

- Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Materials

Dr. John Lambe, Ford Motor Co. (retired)

- Superconductivity

- Neural networks

Professor James Rosenberg, Department of Electrical Engineering, Brown

University

- Germanium IR detectors

- High speed devices

94
Dr. L. CraigDavis,FordMotor Co.

- Theoryof ballisticelectrondevices

- Electronicstructuredevicesof semiconductors

ProfessorEric Fossum,Departmentof ElectricalEngineering,ColumbiaUniversity

- Charge-coupledevicedesignandphysics

- MOSphysics

ProfessorLeoSchowalter,DepartmentofPhysics,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute

- Siliconmolecularbeamepitaxy

- Ballisticelectronemissionmicroscopy

ProfessorJamesLukens,Departmentof Physics,StateUniversity of New York,

StonyBrook

- Superconductingterahertzlocaloscillator

ProfessorStevenLyon,Departmentof ElectricalEngineering,PrincetonUniversity

- OpticalPropertiesof Semiconductors

- InfraredDetectors

ProfessorDavid Casasent,Departmentof ElectricalEngineering,Carnegie-Mellon

University

- Opticalsignalandimageprocessing

ProfessorRaviAthale,Deparmaentof ElectricalEngineering,GeorgeMason

University

- Opticalneuralnetworksandopticalcomputing

ProfessorMichaelSpencer,Departmentof Physics,HowardUniversity

- Directorof MaterialsScienceResearchCenterof Excellence

- III-V CompoundSemiconductorgrowthandcharacterization

95
Conferences and Workshops Sponsored and/or Hosted by CSMT

(Cumulative List)

Polymers in Non-linear Integrated Optics (July 24, 1986)

Neural Network Devices and Applications (February 18-19, 1987)

OSA Topical Conference on Machine Vision (March, 1987)

SubmiUimeter (Terahertz) Receiver Technology (April 7-8, 1987)

CLEO (April 27-May 1, 1987)

Highly Parallel Fault-Tolerant Computers for Space Applications (June 9-10, 1987)

International Conference on Scanning Tunneling Microscopy '87 (July 20-24,

1987)

Congress of the International Commission for Optics (August 24-28, 1987)

Neural Information Processing Systems - Real and Synthetic (November 8-12,

1987)

Hypercube Concurrent Computers and Applications (January 19-21, 1988)

Spatial Light Modulator and Applications (June, 1988)

Microspacecraft for Space Science (July 6-7, 1988)

Solid-State Terahertz Sources Workshop (August, 1988)

American Vacuum Society, Southern California Section (January 1989)

Hypercube Concurrent Computers and Applications (March 1989)

1989 Space Cryogenics Workshop (July 1989)

Technology Information Meeting - Microelectronics (November 1989)

First International Workshop on Ballistic Eleclron Emission Microscopy (March

1990)

Terahertz Technology Symposium (March 1990)

First Intemational Symposium on Space THz Tech. (March 1990)

Image Recognition Workshop (May 1990)

96
InnovativeLongWavelengthInfraredDetectorWorkshop(April 1990)

Symposiumon New Materials for Nonlinear Optics, Boston, MA (April 1990)

Distributed Memory Computing (April 1990)

Neural Networks (October 1990)

97

TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE

|. Report No. 91--i8

_1..... r_"

2. Government Accession No.

4. Title and Subtitle

Center for Space Microelectronlcs Technology

1990 Technical Report

7. Author _)

None listed on the cover

9. Per_rm|ng Organization Name and Address

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY

California Institute of Technology

4800 Oak Grove Drive

Pasadena, California 91109

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Addre.

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

Washington, D.C. 20546

3. Reciplent's Catalog No.

5. Report Date

July 15, 1991

6. Performing Organization Code

8. Performing Organization Report No.

10. Work Unit No.

11. Contract or Grant No.

NAST-918

!}3. Type of Report and Period Covered

JPL Publication

14. Sponsor|ng Agency Code

RE238 PX-644-11-A1-00-01

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract

The 1990 Technical Report of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for Space Microelectronics

Technology summarizes the technical accomplishments, publications, presentations, and

patents of the center during the past year. The report lists 130 publications,

226 presentations, and 87 new technology reports and patents.

17. Key Worm _etecMd by Authm@))

Lasers and Masers

Computer Operations and Hardware

Optics

18. DistributionStatement

Unclassified ; unlimited

19. Security CImslf. (of this report)

Unclassif led

20. Security Ciassif. (of this page)

Unclassif led

C2

21. No. of Pages

86

22. Price

JPL 0184 R9183