Final Report 

Tasks 1, 2, and 3

For Project Entitled 

Nutrient Loading Rates, Reduction Factors and 

Implementation Costs Associated with BMPs and 

Technologies 

Prepared for 

South Florida Water Management District 

by 

Soil and Water Engineering Technology, Inc. 

June 30, 2008 
2 

INTRODUCTION 

The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), in cooperation with the Florida 

Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) and the Florida Department of Agriculture and 

Consumer Services (FDACS), is developing the protection plans for both Caloosahatchee River 

and St. Lucie River watersheds as required by the Northern Everglades and Estuaries Protection 

Program (Senate Bill 392). The plans will be developed partially based on a nutrient reduction 

spreadsheet approach detailing how water quality standards, including phosphorus and nitrogen, 

will be met. The spreadsheet provides load reduction estimates resulting from Best Management 

Practices (BMPs), as well as local and regional projects. The letter report titled "Phosphorus 

Reduction Performance and Implementation Costs under BMPs and Technologies in the Lake 

Okeechobee Protection Plan Area” provides only part of the input data needed for the BMP 

spreadsheet for these additional watersheds. Therefore the overall objectives of this project are 

to: 1) develop nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) loading rates, BMP reduction factors and 

implementation costs for both watersheds; and 2) conduct a detailed literature review and data 

analysis to quantify the BMP effectiveness for each commodity and soil type statewide. 

METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS 

The approach taken for developing the nutrient reduction spreadsheets for Caloosahatchee River 

and St. Lucie River watersheds was to update the previously developed spreadsheets for the 

Okeechobee watershed using the additional literature data, land use data, observed flow and 

nutrient load data, and information from watershed modeling project for the two watersheds. 

The SFWMD provided the land use breakdown for the two watersheds for twenty major land use 

categories, which included the six new land use categories (low density residential, medium 

density residential, high density residential, horse farms, transportation, and utilities). The 

following section describes how these data were used to develop the final unit nutrient load and 

BMP reduction spreadsheets. Though the methodology was very similar for both the 

Caloosahatchee and the St. Lucie watersheds, they are both included in order to highlight data 

sources and verification differences. 

St. Lucie River Watershed 

Figure 1 shows the basins within the St. Lucie River watershed. The 2004 land use distribution 

for this watershed was provided by SFWMD and is presented in Table 1. As can be seen, the 

table provides additional land use breakdowns beyond the twenty primary land use categories 

required for the project. These additional data were used during the development of the unit 

loads, but were integrated within the twenty categories for the final tables to prevent confusion. 

Measured data were provided by the SFWMD as presented in Table 2 which compared to data 

obtained from the CERP System-wide Performance Measure Documentation Sheet (April 5, 

2007). 

The initial estimates of the unit nutrient loads were developed from the Okeechobee Basin data 

provided in the BMP Letter Report (SWET, 2006b), general Florida estimates by Harper and 

Baker (2003 and 2007), and data collected within the basin by Graves, et al (2004). The final N 
3 

and P unit loads for the watershed presented in Table 3 were developed as an iterative process 

starting with the initial unit loads estimates linked to a basin spreadsheet where the accumulative 

N and P loads from each basin could be calculated by multiplying the land use acreage by the 

unit loads. The net N and P loads were then compared to the measured basin and basin loads to 

verify if the net loads were at least in the ballpark and how the calculated and measured N and P 

loads for each of the basins compared. It was clear that the dominant land uses in the western 

basins were improved pasture and citrus while the eastern basins were much more residential and 

urban. Using this cross information, it was possible to estimate the relative importance of the 

various land uses and adjustment made accordingly to obtain a reasonable agreement of runoff 

and nutrient loads and concentrations for each of the basins. However, it was observed that there 

was a potential problem using the measured flow data for net load estimates because of the high 

runoff variability between basins as seen in Table 2 for the annual runoff in terms of inches per 

year. Therefore, the cross basin comparisons focused more on matching the concentrations 

because they would be less influenced by any flow errors that might be the result of unmeasured 

inter-basin transfers. Since the unit loads are a function of both concentration and flow, it was 

first necessary to establish reasonable runoff coefficients for the various land uses (Harper and 

Baker, 2007). The resulting annual average runoff for the various land uses are provided in 

Table 3. Tables 3 also provides the resulting N and P unit loads and concentrations from the 

iterative process of adjusting individual land use unit loads which multiplied by the acreage of 

each land use within the basins (Table 4) to obtain reasonable basin runoff (Table 5), P loads 

(Table 6), and N loads (Table 7) comparison to observed data. The P unit load factors were 

adjusted by hand. The N unit loads were also initially adjusted by hand, but then a global 

multiplier factor was used to obtain reasonable matches to observed data. The verification for 

the N and P concentrations are also provided in Tables 6 and 7, respectively at the bottom of the 

tables. Note that the net calculated loads are slightly higher than observed data because these 

represent net source loads which do not reflect the additional assimilation that is expected in the 

stream and canals before reaching the basin outlets. Stream assimilation rates have been 

evaluated and new algorithms developed and upgraded by SWET (2001 and 2006a), where they 

found that P assimilation (20% to 50%) occurs mostly in the upland overland flow and small 

streams. Major sloughs/wetland systems were also found to have P assimilation rates in a similar 

range, while P assimilation rates in the canals and larger stream conveyances had much lower 

rates of 2% to 20%. Since the predominant flow features, below where the unit P source loads 

are, being estimated are canals and larger stream, the additional P assimilation was estimated to 

be in the order of 10%. Due to denitrification processes, N assimilation was estimated to be 50% 

larger than P, but very little data are available to verify the N values. 

 

The next step was to establish BMP N and P reduction estimates for the St. Lucie watershed. 

This was done by starting with the BMP reduction spreadsheets developed by SWET (2006b). 

These spreadsheets were expanded to include six additional land use categories and nitrogen 

responses. The BMP effectiveness values are based on the review and personal involvement in 

numerous studies and modeling projects around Florida. Typically the studies provided more 

information on crop responses to water and fertility management than water quality responses. 

Where water quality responses were available they were limited to specific crop management 

and soil conditions. There are no specific reports that provided BMP effectiveness values for the 

basin and therefore the values for the St. Lucie watershed had to be estimated based on best 
4 

professional judgment utilizing models that simulate the primary processes within the soil-plant 

environment based on results from numerous field and laboratory studies. 

A complete description of the BMP information used in developing the BMP effectiveness 

values will be provided in the Task 4 report of this project, and therefore will only be briefly 

summarized here. The primary sources of agricultural BMP information were research and 

extension reports completed by IFAS in association with various state agencies and grower 

groups, while urban BMP information were primarily from summary reports by Environmental 

Research and Design, Inc. and University of Central Florida. For citrus, the studies by Brian 

Bowman and David Calvert at the Indian River Research and Education Center and Ashok Alva 

and S. Paramasivam at the Citrus Research and Education Center were primarily used, while the 

best source of cow-calf production studies came from the Cattle Research Station at Ona and the 

Buck Island Ranch studies. Vegetable production BMPs were reviewed from research studies 

across the state, but focused mostly on work out of IFAS’ Gulf Coast (Immokalee) and the old 

Bradenton Research and Education Centers. Though many of the research studies focused more 

on crop production responses to management practices as opposed to water quality responses, 

their results were very useful in bracketing the economical feasibility limits for BMPs. To 

further access the actual water quality responses both field studies and hydrologic transport 

modeling were evaluated. The WAM model was used extensively in the Okeechobee and 

Caloosahatchee basins and provided BMP responses beyond the specific conditions covered by 

field studies. 

Report developed by Dr. Harvey Harper (2003) for the northern Lake Okeechobee watershed 

was primarily used for the urban BMPs responses for phosphorus. Nitrogen responses were 

taken from reports developed by Harper and Baker (2003, 2007). The nitrogen reduction 

estimates were adjusted based on WAM modeling experience because the reductions reported by 

Harper and Baker were only associated with surface water reductions and therefore any loses to 

groundwater that might re-emerge elsewhere were not being accounted for. In particular, 

nitrogen in percolated stormwater can easily enter groundwater and eventually re-emerge 

downstream. This effect is most prominent in dry detention systems. 

BMP implementation costs were typically not provided with the research studies and therefore 

had to be developed by SWET, Inc. Cost estimates tried to take into account the following 

factors: saved fertilizer, equipment and construction, operation and maintenance, energy/fuel, 

crop yield reduction, crop displacement, and land purchases. In agriculture when a BMP 

requires additional land for BMPs, such as for retention/detention systems, the area is typically 

carved out of existing land holdings so the costs are associated with lost crop production 

(displacement), where as in urban settings, new land will typically need to be purchased for such 

systems. High land costs in urban settings will therefore make urban projects, particularly 

stormwater retrofit projects, very expensive. 

The resulting BMP reduction estimates and costs for N and P are presented in Appendix A. 

These tables reflect the updated unit loads provided in Tables 6 and 7. Table 8 provides a 

summary of the P unit loads and estimated BMP reduction factors for the three categories of 

owner implemented, typical incentive BMPs and alternative practices. Owner implemented 

BMPs reflect those that would likely be implemented by land owners without incentives, while 
5 

the typical incentive BMPs are those that a reasonably funded cost share program or modest 

regulatory approach would obtain implementation. The alternative practices are those that are 

more expensive but would be needed if additional nutrient reductions are needed beyond what 

the first two levels could obtain. The nutrient reduction values provided in Table 8 are taken 

directly from Appendix A where the existing level of BMPs implemented has been taken into 

account in the “typical” value. The “typical” value was selected within the presented range of 

reduction responses that reflect existing conditions with no BMPs to those with high levels of 

BMPs implemented. These ranges also reflect natural variations due to soils and farm layouts, 

but the level of BMP implementation is the dominant factor. Therefore, assumptions had to be 

made as to the current level of BMPs for each land use. 

Table 9 provides the same information as Table 8 except for N instead of P. This table provides 

a summary of the N unit loads and estimated BMP reduction factors for the three categories of 

owner implemented and typical incentive BMPs and alternative practices. 

Caloosahatchee River Watershed 

Figure 2 shows the basins within the Caloosahatchee watershed. The 2004 land use distribution 

for the Caloosahatchee watershed was provided by SFWMD and is presented in Table 10. As 

can be seen, the table provides additional land use breakdowns beyond the twenty primary land 

use categories required for the project. These additional data were used during the development 

of the unit loads, but were integrated within the twenty categories for the final tables to prevent 

confusion. Measured data for the major structures on the C-43 canal were provided by the 

SFWMD and are presented in Table 11. Because of the influence of the Lake Okeechobee 

releases, only the basin (Freshwater West) between the S-78 and S-79 structures were considered 

reliable enough for comparisons to actual land source area discharges. Unmonitored flow 

releases from the Lake Okeechobee, Nicodemus Slough, and the S-4 basin into the Freshwater 

East basin were considered more programmatic than potential bypass water around S-78 as 

documented by the WAM model results (SWET, 2008). Therefore, the loads differences 

between these two structures shown in Table 11 were used for verification of the land use unit 

loads. The high measured discharge rates are a concern and are discussed further below. 

The initial estimates of the unit nutrient loads were developed from the Okeechobee Basin data 

provided in the BMP Letter Report (SWET, 2006b), general Florida estimates by Harper and 

Baker (2003 and 2007), WMM EMC estimates developed by CDM (2007), and the WAM 

modeling results for the USACE (SWET, 2008). The final N and P unit loads for the C-43 basin 

presented in Table 12 were developed as an iterative process starting with the initial unit loads 

estimates linked to a basin spreadsheet where the accumulative N and P loads from each basin 

could be calculated by multiplying the land use acreage by the unit loads. The net N and P loads 

were then compared to the measured basin and basin loads to verify if the net loads were at least 

in the ballpark and how the calculated and measured N and P loads for each of the basins 

compared. It was clear that the dominant land uses in the western basins were improved pasture 

and citrus with limited urban around the Le Belle area. The more highly developed area is 

located in the western (tidal and north coastal) basins. Using just the Freshwater West basin, 

however, it was possible to estimate the relative importance of the various land uses and 

adjustments were made accordingly to obtain a reasonable agreement of runoff and nutrient 
6 

loads and concentrations for each of the basins. However, it was observed that measured runoff 

for the Freshwater West basin seems high at 22 inches per year as seen in Table 14, which makes 

the unit loads higher than expected. Therefore, the basin comparisons focused more on matching 

the concentrations because they would be less influenced by any flow errors that might be the 

result of unmeasured inter-basin transfers. Since the unit loads are a function of both 

concentration and flow, it was first necessary to establish reasonable runoff coefficients for the 

various land uses (Harper and Baker, 2007). The resulting annual average runoff for the various 

land uses are provided in Table 12. Table 12 also provides the resulting N and P unit loads and 

concentrations from the iterative process of adjusting individual land use unit loads which 

multiplied by the acreage of each land use within the basins (Table 13) to obtain reasonable basin 

runoff (Table 14), P loads (Table 15), and N loads (Table 16) comparison to observed data. The 

P unit load factors were adjusted by hand. The N unit loads were also initially adjusted by hand, 

but then a global multiplier factor was used to obtain reasonable matches to observed data at the 

basin level. The verification for the N and P loads and concentrations are also provided in 

Tables 15 and 16, respectively at the bottom of the tables. Note that the net calculated loads and 

concentrations are slightly higher than observed data because these represent net source loads 

which do not reflect the additional assimilation that is expected in the streams and canals before 

reaching the basin outlets. In-stream assimilation rates have been evaluated and new algorithms 

developed and upgraded by SWET (2001 and 2006a), where they found that P assimilation (20% 

to 50%) occurs mostly in the upland overland flow and small streams. Major sloughs/wetland 

systems were also found to have P assimilation rates in a similar range, while P assimilation rates 

in the canals and larger stream conveyances had much lower rates of 2% to 20%. Since the 

predominant flow features below where the unit P source loads are being estimated are canals 

and larger stream, the additional P assimilation was estimated to be in the order of 10%. Due to 

denitrification processes N assimilation was estimated to be 50% larger than P, but very little 

data are available to verify the N values. 

 

The next step was to establish BMP N and P reduction estimates for the Caloosahatchee 

watershed. This was done by starting with the BMP reduction spreadsheets developed by SWET 

(2006b). These spreadsheets were expanded to include six additional land use categories and 

nitrogen responses. The BMP effectiveness values are based on the review and personal 

involvement in numerous studies and modeling projects around Florida. Typically the studies 

provided more information on crop responses to water and fertility management than water 

quality responses. Where water quality responses were available they were limited to specific 

crop management and soil conditions. There are no specific reports that provided BMP 

effectiveness values for the basin and therefore the values for the C-43 had to be estimated based 

on best professional judgment utilizing models that simulate the primary processes within the 

soil-plant environment based on results from numerous field and laboratory studies. 

A complete description of the BMP information used in developed the BMP effectiveness values 

will be provided in the Task 3 report of this project, and therefore will only be briefly 

summarized here. The primary sources of agricultural BMP information were research and 

extension reports completed by IFAS in association with various state agencies and grower 

groups, while urban BMP information were primarily from summary reports by Environmental 

Research and Design, Inc. and University of Central Florida. For all of the crops growth on the 

muck soils in the eastern part of the basin, particularly sugarcane and vegetable, studies done by 
7 

the Everglades Research and Education Center were used. For citrus the studies by Brian 

Bowman and David Calvert at the Indian River Research and Education Center and Ashok Alva 

and S. Paramasivam at the Citrus Research and Education Center were primarily used, while the 

best source of cow-calf production studies came from the Cattle Research Station at Ona and the 

Buck Island Ranch studies. Vegetable production BMPs were reviewed from research studies 

across the state, but focused mostly on work out of IFAS’ Gulf Coast (Immokalee) and the old 

Bradenton Research and Education Centers. Though many of the research studies focused more 

on crop production responses to management practices as opposed to water quality responses, 

their results were very useful in bracketing the economical feasibility limits for BMPs. To 

further access the actual water quality responses both field studies and hydrologic transport 

modeling was evaluated. The WAM model was used extensively in the Okeechobee and 

Caloosahatchee basins and provided BMP responses beyond the specific conditions covered by 

field studies. 

Report developed by Dr. Harvey Harper (2003) for the northern Lake Okeechobee watershed 

was primarily used for the urban BMPs responses for phosphorus. Nitrogen responses were 

taken from reports developed by Harper and Baker (2003, 2007). The nitrogen reduction 

estimates were adjusted based on WAM modeling experience because the reductions reported by 

Harper and Baker were only associated with surface water reductions and therefore any loses to 

groundwater that might re-emerge elsewhere were not being accounted for. In particular, 

nitrogen in percolated stormwater can easily enter groundwater and eventually re-emerge 

downstream. This effect is most prominent in dry detention systems. 

BMP implementation costs were typically not provided with the research studies and therefore 

had to be developed by SWET, Inc. Cost estimates tried to take into account the following 

factors: saved fertilizer, equipment and construction, operation and maintenance, energy/fuel, 

crop yield reduction, crop displacement, and land purchases. In agriculture when a BMP 

requires additional land for BMPs, such as for retention/detention systems, the area is typically 

carved out of existing land holdings so the costs are associated with lost crop production 

(displacement), where as in urban settings, new land will typically need to be purchased for such 

systems. High land costs in urban settings will therefore make urban projects, particularly 

stormwater retrofit projects, very expensive. 

The resulting BMP reduction estimates and costs for N and P are presented in Appendix B. 

These tables reflect the updated unit loads provided in Table 12. Table 17 provides a summary 

of the P unit loads and estimated BMP reduction factors for the three categories of owner 

implemented and typical incentive BMPs and alternative practices. Owner implemented BMPs 

reflect those that would likely be implemented by land owners without incentives, while the 

typical incentive BMPs are those that a reasonably funded cost share program or modest 

regulatory approach would obtain implementation. The alternative practices are those that are 

more expensive but would be needed if additional nutrient reductions are needed beyond what 

the first two levels could obtain. The nutrient reduction values provided in Table 17 are taken 

directly from Appendix A where the existing level of BMPs implemented has been taken into 

account in the “typical” value. The “typical” value was selected within the presented range of 

reduction responses that reflect existing conditions with no BMPs to those with high levels of 

BMPs implemented. These ranges also reflect natural variations due to soils and farm layouts, 
8 

but the level of BMP implementation is the dominant factor. Therefore, assumptions had to be 

made as to the current level of BMPs for each land use. 

Table 18 provides the same information as Table 17 except for N. This table provides a 

summary of the N unit loads and estimated BMP reduction factors for the three categories of 

owner implemented and typical incentive BMPs and alternative practices. 

REFERENCES 

CDM. 2007. Nutrient Load Assessment Estero Bay and Caloosahatchee Watershed. Final 

Report to South Florida Water Management District. West Palm Beach, FL. 

Graves, G.A., Y. Wan, and D.L. Fike. 2004. Water Quality Characteristics of Storm Water 

From Major Land Uses in South Florida. J. American Water Resources Association. 

1405:1419 

Harper, H.H. 2003. Evaluation of Runoff Load Reductions from Urban Land Uses. 

Submitted to South Florida Water Management District as Attachment 2 to the 

SWET’s Letter Report (SWET, 2003). 

Harper, H.H. and D.M. Baker. 2003. Evaluation of Alternative Stormwater Regulations for 

Southwest Florida. Final Report prepared by Environmental Research and Design for 

the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 

Harper, H.H. and D.M. Baker. 2007. Evaluation of Current Stormwater Design Criteria within 

the State of Florida. Final Report prepared by Environmental Research and Design 

for the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, FL. 

SWET. 2001. Development of Phosphorus Retention/Assimilation Algorithm for the Lake 

Okeechobee Watershed. Final Report to South Florida Water Management District. 

SWET. 2003. Estimation of Best management Practices and Technologies Phosphorus 

Reduction Performance and Implementation Costs in the Northern Lake Okeechobee 

Watershed. Final Letter Report to the South Florida Water Management District. 

SWET. 2006a. Data Review and Evaluation for Upgrading the Phosphorus Assimilation 

Algorithm. Final Report to South Florida Water Management District. 

SWET. 2006b. Phosphorus Reduction Performance and Implementation Costs under BMPs and 

Technologies in the Lake Okeechobee Protection Plan Area. Letter Report to Joyce 

Zhang, South Florida Water Management District. 

SWET. 2008. Assessment of the Caloosahatchee River (C-43) Basin Using the WAM Model. 

Final Report to the US Army Corps of Engineers. Jacksonville, FL. 
9 

Figure 1. Basin Layout for the St. Lucie River Watershed
10 

Figure 2. Basin Layout for the Caloosahatchee River Watershed 
11 

Table 1. Land Use Distribution in the St. Lucie Watershed

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Area (ac) Percent

Sum_Area 

(ac) Percent

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density 1100 22,050 4.29% 22,050 4.30%

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density 1200 38,206 7.43% 38,206 7.40%

Residential High Density Residential High Density 1300 7,698 1.50% 7,698 1.50%

Commercial and Services 1400 5,090 0.99%

Industrial 1500 2,034 0.40%

Extractive 1600 640 0.12%

Institutional 1700 2,977 0.58%

Recreational 1800 5,167 1.00%

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 106,321 20.67% 106,321 20.70%

Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 15,033 2.92% 15,033 2.90%

Woodland Pastures 2130 25,205 4.90%

Rangeland 3000 14,147 2.75%

Row Crops Row Crops 2140 7,881 1.53% 7,881 1.50%

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 5,562 1.08% 5,562 1.10%

Citrus Citrus 2210 116,442 22.64% 116,442 22.60%

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 294 0.06% 294 0.10%

Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 1,246 0.24% 1,246 0.20%

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 784 0.15% 784 0.20%

Dairies Dairies 2520 419 0.08% 419 0.10%

Field Crops 2150 2,800 0.54%

Other Groves 2230 48 0.01%

Cattle Feeding Operations 2310 105 0.02%

Poultry Feeding Operations 2320 107 0.02%

Tree Nurseries 2410 463 0.09%

Specialty Farms 2500 133 0.03%

Aquaculture 2540 204 0.04%

Fallow Crop Land 2610 248 0.05%

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 0 0.00% 0 0.00%

Water Water 5000 11,411 2.22% 11,411 2.20%

Upland Forests 4000 37,608 7.31%

Wetlands 6000 61,052 11.87%

Barren Land 7000 2,613 0.51%

Open Land 1900 4,108 0.80%

Transportation Transportation 8100 5,665 1.10% 5,665 1.10%

Communication 8200 91 0.02%

Utilities 8300 10,438 2.03%

Total 514,287 100.00% 514,287 100.00%

Communication/Utilities 10,529 2.00%

Other Areas

4,108 0.80%

Natural Areas

105,380 20.50%

Other Urban

15,907 3.10%

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland 39,351 7.70%
12 

Table 2 Summary of Measured Nitrogen and Phosphorus Load to SLE

Calculated 

Runoff (in)

Basins 4 5 6 15055 23620 18.8 34 1182 6 218.96

C-23 112675 152789 16.3 330 1750 91 480.55

C-24 87706 178853 24.5 355 1609 76 343.25

C-44&S-153 129719 158194 14.6 300 1540 40 203.38

North Fork* 119168 126152 12.7 185 1191 43 278

Tidal St. Lucie** 49965 59408 14.3 91 1244 21 285.16

Lake Okeechobee - 414754 922 1802 96 188.14

Total 514287 1113771 2218 1615 373 271.33

basin, and Lake Okeechobee. WaSh Model output data are used for flow from

North Fork basin, South Fork basin, and Basin 4 5 6.

(2) Measured data are used for TN and TP concentrations for C-23 basin, C-24 basin, 

C-44&S-153 basin, and Lake Okeechobee. WaSh Model output data are used

for TN and TP concentrations for North Fork basin, South Fork basin, and Basin 4 5 6.

(1) Measured data are used for flow from C-23 basin, C-24 basin, C-44&S-153

Sub-watershed

Area 

(acres)

Average 

Annual 

Discharge(1) 

(1995-2005) 

(Acre-ft)

Average 

Annual 

TN Load(2) 

(1995-2005) 

(MTons)

Average 

Annual 

TP Conc. 

(Calculat

ed) (1995-

2005) 

(ppb)

Average 

Annual 

TP Load(2) 

(1995-

2005) 

(MTons)

Average 

Annual 

TN Conc. 

(Calculated

) (1995-

2005) (ppb)

*North Fork basin includes North Fork and N. Mid. Estuary 

**Tidal St. Lucie basin includes South Fork and S. Mid. Estuary
13 

Table 3. Estimated Runoff, Unit N and P Loads and Concentration for 2004 Land Uses in the St. Lucie Watershed

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Runoff

Unit N 

Load N Conc. Unit P Load P Conc.

(in/yr) ) (mg/l) (lbs/acre/yr) (mg/l)

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density1 1100 17.57 4.95 1.25 0.49 0.12

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density2 1200 20.76 7.20 1.53 1.40 0.30

Residential High Density Residential High Density2 1300 23.96 10.80 1.99 3.00 0.55

Commercial and Services2 1400 25.55 9.90 1.71 1.40 0.24

Industrial2 1500 27.15 9.00 1.47 2.40 0.39

Extractive2 1600 23.96 6.30 1.16 0.66 0.12

Institutional2 1700 23.96 6.30 1.16 2.40 0.44

Recreational2 1800 17.57 6.30 1.59 0.96 0.24

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 19.16 9.99 2.30 1.90 0.44

Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 15.97 4.95 1.37 0.92 0.25

Woodland Pastures 2130 15.97 3.69 1.02 0.88 0.24

Rangeland 3000 15.97 3.69 1.02 0.28 0.08

Row Crops Row Crops 2140 22.36 13.50 2.67 4.50 0.89

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 19.16 7.20 1.66 0.63 0.15

Citrus Citrus 2210 19.16 7.65 1.76 1.80 0.42

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 19.16 8.10 1.87 2.52 0.58

Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 19.16 10.80 2.49 2.90 0.67

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 15.97 14.40 3.99 1.82 0.50

Dairies Dairies 2520 15.97 18.00 4.98 9.38 2.60

Field Crops 2150 15.97 5.96 1.65 2.96 0.82

Mixed Crops 2160 19.16 9.90 2.28 3.50 0.81

Fruit Orchards 2220 19.16 8.10 1.87 2.30 0.53

Other Groves 2230 19.16 8.10 1.87 2.30 0.53

Cattle Feeding Operations 2310 19.16 48.65 11.22 8.96 2.07

Poultry Feeding Operations 2320 19.16 9.00 2.08 1.50 0.35

Tree Nurseries 2410 15.97 10.80 2.99 2.90 0.80

Specialty Farms 2500 15.97 7.20 1.99 1.82 0.50

Aquaculture 2540 7.99 9.00 4.98 0.70 0.39

Fallow Crop Land 2610 19.16 6.30 1.45 0.70 0.16

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 15.97 2.79 0.77 0.18 0.05

Water Water 5000 3.19 0.81 1.12 0.05 0.07

Upland Forests (not including 

4400's)

4000 14.37 2.25 0.69 0.28 0.09

Wetlands 6000 1.60 1.35 3.74 0.01 0.03

Barren Land 7000 23.96 6.30 1.16 0.75 0.14

Open Land 1900 15.97 3.60 1.00 0.28 0.08

Transportation Transportation 8100 27.15 8.28 1.35 1.65 0.27

Communications 8200 15.97 5.40 1.49 0.48 0.13

Utilities 8300 15.97 5.40 1.49 0.48 0.13

1 Assumed on Septic

2 Assumed Discharge from WWT outside basin

Communication/Utilities

Other Urban

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland

Other Areas

Natural Areas
14 

Table 4. Acreage of Land Uses within the St. Lucie Watershed

FLUCCS Basins 4 5 6 C-23 C-24 C-44&S-153 North Fork* Tidal St. Lucie** Grand Total

1100 4315.6 1909.4 1236.1 1813.7 9445 3329.8 22049.7

1200 1236.1 303.7 2505.9 314.9 30453.4 3392.3 38206.3

1300 702.6 295 185.7 4784.2 1730.3 7697.8

1400 222.9 9 39.8 204.4 3453.9 1159.8 5089.8

1500 133.2 48.3 55.5 76.7 1552.3 167.8 2033.7

1600 0.8 411.5 92.3 135.2 639.8

1700 110.3 661.7 21.7 97.7 1567.1 518.3 2976.7

1800 683.8 254.8 665.6 209.5 2308.4 1045.2 5167.3

1900 110.8 9.8 74.7 148.7 3291.5 472.2 4107.5

2110 1006.7 33628 33949.7 23185 4998.8 9552.4 106320.6

2120 86.4 5062 6064.3 2167.9 558.4 1094.1 15033.1

2130 374.6 8697.3 6890.3 6457.9 1071.8 1712.9 25204.8

2140 156.1 1696.2 1550.3 852.5 1166.2 2459.9 7881.1

2150 1574.6 834.7 390.9 2800.2

2156 5240.1 321.7 5561.8

2210 30.2 32466.1 17487.8 42754.5 20678.2 3025.4 116442.2

2220 0

2230 5 17.1 26.2 48.3

2310 104.7 104.7

2320 44.3 62.5 106.8

2410 100.2 153.8 55.5 85.3 68.3 0.1 463.1

2420 294.1 294.1

2430 211 25.1 267.6 237.9 504.4 1246

2500 28.7 23.9 79.9 132.6

2510 53.7 54 14.1 591.6 71.1 784.4

2520 419.1 419.1

2540 60.1 70.4 23.3 9.5 40.8 204.2

2610 216.7 31.3 247.9

3000 394.5 1603.5 220.1 6383.5 3494 2051 14146.6

4000 2679 2723.8 1264.5 11535.9 12030.8 7373.6 37607.6

5000 382.5 1810.5 1218.4 1890.7 4317.3 1791.3 11410.7

6000 1262.5 16278.9 12248.2 15114.6 9485.1 6662.2 61051.5

7000 1108.1 297.8 939 235.2 33.2 2613.4

8100 297.6 455.4 521.1 611.2 2623.4 1156.6 5665.3

8200 10.9 10.2 5.6 64.3 91

8300 428.3 916.1 102.4 7808.5 1099.2 83.1 10437.6

Grand Total 15055.4 112674.5 87705.8 129718.9 119167.9 49964.7 514287.2

*North Fork basin includes North Fork and N.Mid.Estuary 

**Tidal St. Lucie basin includes South Fork and S.Mid.Estuary
15 

Table 5. Runoff in Acre-ft/yr to Stream by Land Use

FLUCCS Basins 4 5 6 C-23 C-24 C-44&S-153 North Fork* Tidal St. Lucie** Grand Total

1100 6318 2795 1810 2655 13827 4875 32280

1200 2139 525 4336 545 52689 5869 66102

1300 1403 0 589 371 9551 3454 15367

1400 475 19 85 435 7355 2470 10838

1500 301 109 126 174 3512 380 4601

1600 2 821 0 0 184 270 1277

1700 220 1321 43 195 3128 1035 5942

1800 1001 373 974 307 3379 1530 7565

1900 147 13 99 198 4381 628 5467

2110 1608 53706 54219 37028 7983 15256 169799

2120 115 6737 8071 2885 743 1456 20007

2130 499 11575 9170 8595 1426 2280 33544

2140 291 3160 2889 1588 2173 4583 14684

2150 0 2096 1111 520 0 0 3727

2156 0 0 0 8369 0 514 8882

2210 48 51850 27929 68281 33024 4832 185964

2220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2230 8 27 0 0 42 0 77

2310 0 167 0 0 0 0 167

2320 0 0 71 100 0 0 171

2410 133 205 74 114 91 0 616

2420 0 0 0 470 0 0 470

2430 337 0 40 427 380 806 1990

2500 0 0 0 38 32 106 176

2510 71 72 19 787 0 95 1044

2520 0 558 0 0 0 0 558

2540 40 47 16 0 6 27 136

2610 0 346 0 0 50 0 396

3000 525 2134 293 8496 4650 2730 18827

4000 3209 3263 1515 13818 14410 8832 45046

5000 102 482 324 503 1149 477 3037

6000 168 2167 1630 2012 1262 887 8125

7000 0 2212 595 1875 470 66 5217

8100 673 1030 1179 1383 5935 2617 12818

8200 15 14 0 7 86 0 121

8300 570 1219 136 10392 1463 111 13891

Grand Total 20417 149043 117341 172566 173382 66183 698,932

(in/yr) 16 16 16 16 17 16 16

*North Fork basin includes North Fork and N.Mid.Estuary 

**Tidal St. Lucie basin includes South Fork and S.Mid.Estuary
16 

Table 6. Net P Loads in Pounds/year to Stream within the St. Lucie watershed by Land Use

FLUCCS Basins 4 5 6 C-23 C-24 C-44&S-153 North Fork* Tidal St. Lucie** Grand Total

1100 2115 936 606 889 4628 1632 10804

1200 1731 425 3508 441 42635 4749 53489

1300 2108 0 885 557 14353 5191 23093

1400 312 13 56 286 4835 1624 7126

1500 320 116 133 184 3726 403 4881

1600 1 272 0 0 61 89 422

1700 265 1588 52 234 3761 1244 7144

1800 656 245 639 201 2216 1003 4961

1900 31 3 21 42 922 132 1150

2110 1913 63893 64504 44052 9498 18150 202009

2120 79 4657 5579 1994 514 1007 13830

2130 330 7654 6063 5683 943 1507 22180

2140 702 7633 6976 3836 5248 11070 35465

2150 0 4668 2475 1159 0 0 8301

2156 0 0 0 3301 0 203 3504

2210 54 58439 31478 76958 37221 5446 209596

2220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2230 12 39 0 0 60 0 111

2310 0 938 0 0 0 0 938

2320 0 0 66 94 0 0 160

2410 291 446 161 247 198 0 1343

2420 0 0 0 741 0 0 741

2430 612 0 73 776 690 1463 3613

2500 0 0 0 52 43 145 241

2510 98 98 26 1077 0 129 1428

2520 0 3931 0 0 0 0 3931

2540 42 49 16 0 7 29 143

2610 0 152 0 0 22 0 174

3000 110 449 62 1787 978 574 3961

4000 750 763 354 3230 3369 2065 10530

5000 19 91 61 95 216 90 571

6000 13 163 122 151 95 67 611

7000 0 831 223 704 176 25 1960

8100 491 751 860 1008 4329 1908 9348

8200 5 5 0 3 31 0 44

8300 206 440 49 3748 528 40 5010

Grand Total 13264 159686 125049 153531 141301 59983 652814

Conc.(ppbl) 233 384 382 319 292 325 335

Meas.Conc.(ppb) 219 481 343 203 278 285

Lake Okee (lbs) 211200

Calc. (Mt/yr) 6 73 57 70 64 27 393

Measured (Mt/yr) 6 91 76 40 43 21 373

*North Fork basin includes North Fork and N.Mid.Estuary 

**Tidal St. Lucie basin includes South Fork and S.Mid.Estuary
17 

Table 7. Net N Loads in Pounds/year to Stream within the St. Lucie Watershed by Land Use

FLUCCS Basins 4 5 6 C-23 C-24 C-44&S-153 North Fork* Tidal St. Lucie** Grand Total

1100 21362 9452 6119 8978 46753 16483 109146

1200 8900 2187 18042 2267 219264 24425 275085

1300 7588 0 3186 2006 51669 18687 83136

1400 2207 89 394 2024 34194 11482 50389

1500 1199 435 500 690 13971 1510 18303

1600 5 2592 0 0 581 852 4031

1700 695 4169 137 616 9873 3265 18753

1800 4308 1605 4193 1320 14543 6585 32554

1900 399 35 269 535 11849 1700 14787

2110 10057 335944 339158 231618 49938 95428 1062143

2120 428 25057 30018 10731 2764 5416 74414

2130 1382 32093 25425 23830 3955 6321 93006

2140 2107 22899 20929 11509 15744 33209 106395

2150 0 9384 4975 2330 0 0 16689

2156 0 0 0 37729 0 2316 40045

2210 231 248366 133782 327072 158188 23144 890783

2220 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2230 41 139 0 0 212 0 391

2310 0 5094 0 0 0 0 5094

2320 0 0 399 563 0 0 961

2410 1082 1661 599 921 738 1 5001

2420 0 0 0 2382 0 0 2382

2430 2279 0 271 2890 2569 5448 13457

2500 0 0 0 207 172 575 955

2510 773 778 203 8519 0 1024 11295

2520 0 7544 0 0 0 0 7544

2540 541 634 210 0 86 367 1838

2610 0 1365 0 0 197 0 1562

3000 1456 5917 812 23555 12893 7568 52201

4000 6028 6129 2845 25956 27069 16591 84617

5000 310 1467 987 1531 3497 1451 9243

6000 1704 21977 16535 20405 12805 8994 82420

7000 0 6981 1876 5916 1482 209 16464

8100 2464 3771 4315 5061 21722 9577 46909

8200 59 55 0 30 347 0 491

8300 2313 4947 553 42166 5936 449 56363

Grand Total 79917 762762 616731 803355 723011 303076 3288847

Conc.(ppb) 1404 1836 1885 1670 1496 1643 1688

Meas.Conc.(ppb) 1182 1750 1609 1540 1191 1244

Lake Okee (lbs) 2028400

Calc. (Mt/yr) 36 347 280 365 329 138 2417

Measured (Mt/yr) 34 330 355 300 185 91 2217

*North Fork basin includes North Fork and N.Mid.Estuary 

**Tidal St. Lucie basin includes South Fork and S.Mid.Estuary
18 

Table 8. Land Use Categories, Unit Load Factors, and P Reduction Factors for St. Lucie W

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Unit P Load 

(lbs/acre/yr)

Owner 

Implemented 

BMPs (1)

Typica

Incenti

BMPs

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density1 1100 0.49 5% 5% 

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density2 1200 1.40 5% 5% 

Residential High Density Residential High Density2 1300 3.00 5% 5% Other Urban Commercial/Industrial2 1400-1800 1.54 5% 5% Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 1.90 11% 19% 

Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 0.92 7% 13% 

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland Woodland/Range Pastures 2130/3000 0.66 4% 6% 

Row Crops Row Crops 2140 4.50 30% 30% 

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 0.63 10% 23% 

Citrus Citrus 2210 1.80 12% 20% 

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 2.52 20% 27% 

Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 2.90 32% 35% 

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 1.82 20% 22% 

Dairies Dairies 2520 9.38 9% 28% 

Other Areas Other Areas 2150-2610 2.78 15% 25% 

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 0.18 1% 10% 

Water Water 5000 0.05 0% 0% 

Natural Areas Forrests/wetlands/Open 4000/6000 0.14 0% 0% 

Transportation Transportation 8100 1.65 10% 23% 

Communication/Utilities Communication/Utilities 8200/8300 0.48 5% 5% 1 Assumed on Septic2 Assumed all of Discharge from WWT outside basin

Estimated Phosph
19 

Table 9. Land Use Categories, Unit Load Factors, and N Reduction Factors for St. Lucie WaterLand Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Unit N Load 

(lbs/acre/yr)

Owner 

Implemented 

BMPs

Typical 

Incentive 

BMPs

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density1 1100 4.95 15% 15% 

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density2 1200 7.20 25% 25% Residential High Density Residential High Density2 1300 10.80 30% 25% Other Urban Commercial/Industrial2 1400-1800 7.80 25% 25% 

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 9.99 17% 10% Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 4.95 11% 8% 

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland Woodland/Range Pastures 2130/3000 3.69 4% 6% Row Crops Row Crops 2140 13.50 30% 30% 

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 7.20 10% 23% 

Citrus Citrus 2210 7.65 10% 20% 

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 8.10 20% 27% Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 10.80 25% 25% 

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 14.40 30% 22% 

Dairies Dairies 2520 18.00 20% 40% 

Other Areas Other Areas 2150-2610 7.91 15% 25% 

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 2.79 5% 10% 

Water Water 5000 0.81 0% 0% 

Natural Areas Forrests/wetlands/Open 4000/6000 1.88 0% 0% 

Transportation Transportation 8100 8.28 20% 23% 

Communication/Utilities Communication/Utilities 8200/8300 5.40 5% 5% 1 Assumed on Septic2 Assumed all of Discharge from WWT outside basin

Estimated Nitrogen R
20 

Table 10. Land Use Distribution for the Caloosahatchee Watershed

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Area (ac) Percent Area (ac) Percent

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density 1100 76,863 7.12% 76,863 7.10%

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density 1200 33,396 3.09% 33,396 3.10%

Residential High Density Residential High Density 1300 11,453 1.06% 11,453 1.10%

Commercial and Services 1400 8,906 0.82%

Industrial 1500 2,648 0.25%

Extractive 1600 2,278 0.21%

Institutional 1700 3,675 0.34%

Recreational 1800 6,062 0.56%

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 117,152 10.85% 117,152 10.80%

Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 23,827 2.21% 23,827 2.20%

Woodland Pastures 2130 20,280 1.88%

Rangeland 3000 57,850 5.36%

Row Crops Row Crops 2140 9,656 0.89% 9,656 0.90%

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 87,741 8.13% 87,741 8.10%

Citrus Citrus 2210 96,684 8.95% 96,684 9.00%

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 5,070 0.47% 5,070 0.50%

Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 861 0.08% 861 0.10%

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 202 0.02% 202 0.00%

Dairies Dairies 2520 56 0.01% 56 0.00%

Field Crops 2150 5,326 0.49%

Mixed Crops 2160 17 0.00%

Fruit Orchards 2220 12 0.00%

Other Groves 2230 1,995 0.18%

Tree Nurseries 2410 971 0.09%

Specialty Farms 2500 165 0.02%

Aquaculture 2540 215 0.02%

Fallow Crop Land 2610 2,209 0.20%

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 42,498 3.94% 42,498 3.90%

Water Water 5000 130,368 12.07% 130,368 12.10%

Upland Forests (not including

4400's) 4000 84,379

7.81%

Wetlands 6000 184,666 17.10%

Barren Land 7000 5,866 0.54%

Open Land 1900 49,378 4.57%

Transportation Transportation 8100 4,915 0.46% 4,915 0.50%

Communications 8200 96 0.01%

Utilities 8300 2,063 0.19%

Total 1,079,796 100.00% 1,079,796 100.00%

Other Urban 23,568 2.20%

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland 78,130 7.20%

Communication/Utilities 2,159 0.20%

Other Areas 10,909 1.00%

Natural Areas 324,289 30.00%
21 

Table 11. Summary of Annual Flow and Loads for TP and TN along the main stem of the Caloosahatchee River 

Flow TP Load TP Conc. TN Load TN Conc. Flow TP Load TP Conc. TN Load TN Conc. Flow TP Load TP Conc. TN Load TN Conc. Flow TP 

acre-feet mtons ug/L mtons mg/L acre-feet mtons ug/L mtons mg/L acre-feet mtons ug/L mtons mg/L acre-feet m

1990 120,575 14.0 94 237.6 1.60 174,966 33.0 153 322.4 1.49 423,951 101.0 193 936.9 1.79 248,986 

 

1991 63,594 7.3 93 136.2 1.74 288,783 72.1 202 670.0 1.88 922,265 193.2 170 1,890.5 1.66 633,481 

 

1992 193,275 22.9 96 344.7 1.45 437,933 93.2 172 756.4 1.40 943,491 406.5 349 2,198.8 1.89 505,559 

 

1993 500,243 30.7 50 1,382.3 2.24 645,118 68.2 86 972.4 1.22 1,230,588 182.0 120 2,334.1 1.54 585,470 

 

1994 770,253 50.7 53 1,345.0 1.42 1,044,125 119.2 93 2,201.9 1.71 1,633,414 216.6 108 3,380.2 1.68 589,289 

 

1995 2,110,116 113.5 44 4,311.3 1.66 2,381,744 186.4 63 3,244.1 1.10 3,379,883 314.1 75 5,482.4 1.32 998,139 

 

1996 474,489 47.0 80 797.6 1.36 568,330 58.2 83 853.6 1.22 941,009 129.5 112 1,647.2 1.42 372,680 

 

1997 158,049 16.2 83 393.5 2.02 290,448 36.2 101 661.3 1.85 756,311 114.8 123 1,413.3 1.51 465,864 

 

1998 1,618,473 135.5 68 2,988.8 1.50 1,831,790 204.9 91 3,216.9 1.42 2,613,724 296.8 92 4,309.0 1.34 781,933 

 

1999 564,104 52.4 75 945.3 1.36 848,093 123.6 118 1,602.2 1.53 1,578,821 324.1 166 3,041.8 1.56 730,729 

 

2000 477,520 104.7 178 1,683.5 2.86 409,244 47.1 93 687.8 1.36 619,878 118.6 155 1,061.9 1.39 210,634 

 

2001 72,771 9.0 101 172.2 1.92 176,661 66.0 303 462.5 2.12 835,815 232.8 226 1,694.6 1.64 659,154 

 

2002 466,052 57.4 100 969.6 1.69 888,496 154.4 141 1,774.4 1.62 1,491,120 318.2 173 3,166.7 1.72 602,624 

 

2003 1,396,713 101.5 59 2,454.0 1.42 1,745,887 209.3 97 3,239.4 1.50 2,589,761 335.0 105 4,529.1 1.42 843,874 

 

2004 1,120,739 127.3 92 2,146.6 1.55 1,247,980 128.0 83 1,996.4 1.30 1,853,038 230.2 101 2,815.2 1.23 605,058 

 

2005 2,266,435 384.6 138 4,597.7 1.64 2,898,397 476.4 133 5,821.6 1.63 3,734,684 577.7 125 6,740.1 1.46 836,287 

 

2006 353,758 65.1 149 732.9 1.68 463,033 88.2 154 856.5 1.50 920,989 193.0 170 1,689.2 1.49 457,956 

 

1990-2006 748,656 78.8 85 1,508.2 1.63 961,237 127.3 107 1,725.9 1.46 1,556,985 252.0 131 2,843.0 1.48 595,748 1995-2005 975,042 104.5 87 1,950.9 1.62 1,207,915 153.7 103 2,141.8 1.44 1,854,004 272.0 119 3,263.7 1.43 646,089 Calendar 

Year

S-77 (02292000) S-78 (02292480) S-79 (02292900) Bas
22 

Table 12. Estimated Runoff, Unit N and P Loads and Concentration for 2004 Land Uses in the 

Caloosahatchee Watershed 

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Runoff Unit N Load N Conc. Unit P Load P Conc.

(in/yr) (lbs/acre/yr) (mg/l) (lbs/acre/yr) (mg/l)

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density1 1100 27.4313 7.26 1.17 0.68 0.11

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density2 1200 32.4188 10.56 1.44 1.93 0.26

Residential High Density Residential High Density2 1300 39.9 15.84 1.75 4.14 0.46

Commercial and Services2 1400 39.9 14.52 1.61 1.93 0.21

Industrial2 1500 42.3938 13.20 1.38 3.31 0.35

Extractive2 1600 37.4063 9.24 1.09 0.91 0.11

Institutional2 1700 37.4063 9.24 1.09 3.31 0.39

Recreational2 1800 27.4313 9.24 1.49 1.32 0.21

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 29.925 14.65 2.16 1.93 0.29

Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 24.9375 7.26 1.29 0.99 0.18

Woodland Pastures 2130 24.9375 5.41 0.96 0.83 0.15

Rangeland 3000 19.95 5.41 1.20 0.25 0.06

Row Crops Row Crops 2140 34.9125 19.80 2.51 3.45 0.44

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 29.925 10.56 1.56 0.55 0.08

Citrus Citrus 2210 29.925 11.22 1.66 0.90 0.13

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 29.925 11.88 1.75 2.79 0.41

Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 29.925 15.84 2.34 4.00 0.59

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 24.9375 21.12 3.74 2.51 0.45

Dairies Dairies 2520 24.9375 26.40 4.68 12.94 2.29

Field Crops 2150 24.9375 8.74 1.55 4.09 0.73

Mixed Crops 2160 29.925 14.52 2.14 4.83 0.71

Fruit Orchards 2220 29.925 11.88 1.75 3.17 0.47

Other Groves 2230 29.925 11.88 1.75 3.17 0.47

Cattle Feeding Operations 2310 29.925 71.35 10.54 12.37 1.83

Poultry Feeding Operations 2320 29.925 13.20 1.95 2.07 0.31

Tree Nurseries 2410 24.9375 15.84 2.81 4.00 0.71

Specialty Farms 2500 24.9375 10.56 1.87 2.51 0.45

Aquaculture 2540 12.4688 13.20 4.68 0.97 0.34

Fallow Crop Land 2610 29.925 9.24 1.36 0.97 0.14

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 14.9625 4.09 1.21 0.21 0.06

Water Water 5000 4.9875 1.19 1.05 0.07 0.06

Upland Forests (not including

4400's) 4000 14.9625 3.30 0.97 0.10 0.03

Wetlands 6000 7.48125 1.98 1.17 0.01 0.01

Barren Land 7000 37.4063 9.24 1.09 1.04 0.12

Open Land 1900 24.9375 5.28 0.94 0.39 0.07

Transportation Transportation 8100 49.875 12.14 1.08 2.28 0.20

Communications 8200 27.4313 7.92 1.28 0.66 0.11

Utilities 8300 24.9375 7.92 1.40 0.66 0.12

1 Assumed on Septic

2 Assumed about 70% of Discharge from WWT outside basin

Communication/Utilities

Other Urban

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland

Other Areas

Natural Areas
23 

Table 13. Acreage of Land Uses within the Caloosahatchee Watershed 

FLUCCS

Caloosahatc

hee Estuary

Freshwater 

East

Freshwater 

West Nearshore

North 

Coastal S-4 Tidal Grand Total

1100 19 3,015 14,869 4236 24,084 548 30,092 76,863

1200 65 383 1,758 1741 1,825 1,506 26,118 33,396

1300 15 59 398 983 1,434 77 8,486 11,453

1400 8 191 688 421 384 428 6,787 8,906

1500 236 445 6 23 1,264 673 2,648

1600 553 22 3 340 68 1,292 2,278

1700 0 105 245 91 475 213 2,545 3,675

1800 11 76 472 1193 1,039 257 3,014 6,062

1900 1 2,437 25,047 522 6,947 204 14,220 49,378

2110 1 36,795 55,555 231 2,381 797 21,392 117,152

2120 5,752 12,736 30 436 4,873 23,827

2130 3 5,924 10,033 67 83 4,171 20,280

2140 1,080 6,354 363 228 1,632 9,656

2150 422 1,269 8 56 38 3,533 5,326

2156 52,751 2,058 32,932 87,741

2160 17 17

2210 26,593 69,008 193 66 824 96,684

2220 12 12

2230 53 1793 6 143 1,995

2410 174 111 185 270 230 971

2420 289 2,947 1,833 5,070

2430 16 369 160 15 300 861

2500 79 17 68 165

2510 140 38 24 202

2520 18 38 56

2540 27 91 97 215

2610 133 1,124 80 68 803 2,209

3000 50 4,966 21,510 3087 8,929 278 19,030 57,850

4000 51 7,791 23,793 3396 10,881 359 38,108 84,379

4400 12,923 28,403 69 1,103 42,498

5000 15780 2,061 3,639 94206 6,848 717 7,117 130,368

6000 275 30,329 63,513 24493 21,682 1,193 43,181 184,666

7000 1,910 2,244 67 456 675 514 5,866

8100 6 741 645 36 488 330 2,668 4,915

8200 20 24 10 42 96

8300 1 388 171 62 395 268 777 2,063

Grand Tota 16,285 198,299 349,734 137653 89,583 42,504 245,738 1,079,796
24 

Table 14. Runoff in Acre-ft/year to Streams within the Caloosahatchee Watershed 

FLUCCS

Caloosahatch

ee Estuary

Freshwater 

East Freshwater West Nearshore North Coastal S-4 Tidal Grand Total

1100 43 6892 33990 9683 55055 1253 68788 175704

1200 176 1035 4749 4703 4930 4069 70559 90221

1300 50 196 1323 3268 4768 256 28216 38081

1400 27 635 2288 1400 1277 1423 22567 29612

1500 0 834 1572 21 81 4465 2378 9355

1600 0 1724 69 9 1060 212 4027 7101

1700 0 327 764 284 1481 664 7933 11456

1800 25 174 1079 2727 2375 587 6890 13857

1900 2 5064 52051 1085 14437 424 29551 102614

2110 2 91758 138540 576 5938 1988 53346 292148

2120 0 11953 26467 62 906 0 10127 49515

2130 6 12311 20850 139 172 0 8668 42144

2140 0 3142 18486 1056 663 0 4748 28093

2150 0 877 2637 17 116 79 7342 11068

2156 0 131548 5132 0 0 82124 0 218804

2160 0 0 42 0 0 0 0 42

2210 0 66316 172089 481 0 165 2055 241106

2220 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30

2230 0 0 132 4471 15 0 357 4975

2410 0 362 231 384 0 561 478 2018

2420 0 721 7349000 4571 12643

2430 0 40 920 399 37 0 748 2147

2500 0 0 164 0 0 35 141 343

2510 0 291 79 0 0 0 50 420

2520 0 37 0 0 0 0 79 116

2540 0 28 95 0 0 0 101 223

2610 0 332 2803 200 170 0 2002 5509

3000 83 8256 35760 5132 14844 462 31637 96176

4000 64 9714 29667 4234 13567 448 47516 105210

4400 0 16113 35415 0 86 0 1375 52990

5000 6559 857 1512 39154 2846 298 2958 54184

6000 171 18908 39596 15270 13517 744 26921 115128

7000 0 5954 6995 209 1421 2104 1602 18285

8100 25 3080 2681 150 2028 1372 11089 20428

8200 0 46 55 0 23 0 96 219

8300 2 806 355 129 821 557 1615 4287

Grand Total 7,235 400,330 645,938 95,245 142,636 104,289 460,562 1,856,254

Verification

Calculated Runoff 645,938

Measured Runoff 646,089

 (inches) 22.17
25 

Table 15. Net P Loads in Pounds/year to Stream within the Caloosahatchee Watershed 

FLUCCS

Caloosahatc

hee Estuary

Freshwater 

East

Freshwater 

West Nearshore

North 

Coastal S-4 Tidal Grand Total

1100 12.8478 2038.743 10054.42 2864.383 16285.6 370.5576 20348.21 51974.761

1200 125.58 739.956 3396.456 3363.612 3525.9 2909.592 50459.98 64521.072

1300 62.1 244.26 1647.72 4069.62 5936.76 318.78 35132.04 47415.42

1400 15.456 369.012 1329.216 813.372 741.888 826.896 13112.48 17206.392

1500 0 781.632 1473.84 19.872 76.176 4186.368 2228.976 8770.176

1600 0 503.6724 20.0376 2.7324 309.672 61.9344 1176.754 2074.8024

1700 0 347.76 811.44 301.392 1573.2 705.456 8429.04 12171.6

1800 14.5728 100.6848 625.3056 1580.486 1376.467 340.4736 3992.947 8030.9376

1900 0.3864 941.6568 9678.161 201.7008 2684.321 78.8256 5494.608 19079.659

2110 1.932 71087.94 107332.3 446.292 4600.092 1539.804 41329.34 226337.66

2120 0 5715.187 12654.49 29.808 433.2096 0 4841.813 23674.507

2130 2.484 4905.072 8307.324 55.476 68.724 0 3453.588 16791.84

2140 0 3726 21921.3 1252.35 786.6 0 5630.4 33313.2

2150 0 1726.459 5191.649 32.72907 229.1035 155.4631 14453.98 21789.381

2156 0 29118.55 1136.016 0 0 18178.46 0 48433.032

2160 0 0 82.11 0 0 0 0 82.11

2210 0 23853.92 61900.18 173.121 0 59.202 739.128 86725.548

2220 0 0 0 0 0 0 38.088 38.088

2230 0 0 168.222 5690.982 19.044 0 453.882 6332.13

2410 0 696.348 444.222 740.37 0 1080.54 920.46 3885.942

2420 0 805.6164 8215.057 0 0 0 5109.671 14133.132

2430 0 64.032 1476.738 640.32 60.03 0 1200.6 3445.722

2500 0 0 198.4164 0 0 42.6972 170.7888 414.414

2510 0 351.624 95.4408 0 0 0 60.2784 507.3432

2520 0 232.9992 0 0 0 0 491.8872 724.8864

2540 0 26.082 87.906 0 0 0 93.702 207.69

2610 0 128.478 1085.784 77.28 65.688 0 775.698 2133.894

3000 12.42 1233.554 5343.084 766.8108 2217.964 69.0552 4727.052 14369.94

4000 4.9266 752.6106 2298.404 328.0536 1051.105 34.6794 3681.233 8151.0114

4400 0 2675.061 5879.421 0 14.283 0 228.321 8797.086

5000 1088.82 142.209 251.091 6500.214 472.512 49.473 491.073 8995.392

6000 3.795 418.5402 876.4794 338.0034 299.2116 16.4634 595.8978 2548.3908

7000 0 1976.85 2322.54 69.345 471.96 698.625 531.99 6071.31

8100 13.662 1687.257 1468.665 81.972 1111.176 751.41 6075.036 11191.455

8200 0 13.248 15.8976 0 6.624 0 27.8208 63.5904

8300 0.6624 257.0112 113.2704 41.0688 261.648 177.5232 514.6848 1366.5312

Grand Tota 1,360 157,662 277,903 30,481 44,679 32,652 237,011 781,770

Verification Data for Freshwater West

Calculated 277,903 lbs/year

0.16 mg/l

Measured 260,240 lbs/year

0.15 mg/l
26 

Table 16. Net N Loads in Pounds/year to Stream within the Caloosahatchee Watershed 

FLUCCS

Caloosahatc

hee Estuary Freshwater East

Freshwater 

West Nearshore

North 

Coastal S-4 Tidal Grand Total

1100 137.94 21888.9 107948.9 30753.36 174849.8 3978.48 218467.9 558025.38

1200 686.4 4044.48 18564.48 18384.96 19272 15903.36 275806.1 352661.76

1300 237.6 934.56 6304.32 15570.72 22714.56 1219.68 134418.2 181415.52

1400 116.16 2773.32 9989.76 6112.92 5575.68 6214.56 98547.24 129315.12

1500 0 3115.2 5874 79.2 303.6 16684.8 8883.6 34953.6

1600 0 5109.72 203.28 27.72 3141.6 628.32 11938.08 21048.72

1700 0 970.2 2263.8 840.84 4389 1968.12 23515.8 33957

1800 101.64 702.24 4361.28 11023.32 9600.36 2374.68 27849.36 56012.88

1900 5.28 12867.36 132248.2 2756.16 36680.16 1077.12 75081.6 260715.84

2110 14.652 539120.34 813991.9 3384.612 34886.41 11677.64 313435.6 1716511.1

2120 0 41759.52 92463.36 217.8 3165.36 0 35377.98 172984.02

2130 16.236 32060.688 54298.6 362.604 449.196 0 22573.45 109755.36

2140 0 21384 125809.2 7187.4 4514.4 0 32313.6 191188.8

2150 0 3688.791295 11092.6 69.92969 489.5078 332.166 30882.7 46555.693

2156 0 557050.56 21732.48 0 0 347761.9 0 926544.96

2160 0 0 246.84 0000 246.84

2210 0 298373.46 774269.8 2165.46 0 740.52 9245.28 1084794.5

2220 0 0 0 0 0 0 142.56 142.56

2230 0 0 629.64 21300.84 71.28 0 1698.84 23700.6

2410 0 2756.16 1758.24 2930.4 0 4276.8 3643.2 15380.64

2420 0 3433.32 35010.36 0 0 0 21776.04 60231.6

2430 0 253.44 5844.96 2534.4 237.6 0 4752 13638.24

2500 0 0 834.24 0 0 179.52 718.08 1742.4

2510 0 2956.8 802.56 0 0 0 506.88 4266.24

2520 0 475.2 0 0 0 0 1003.2 1478.4

2540 0 356.4 1201.2 0 0 0 1280.4 2838

2610 0 1228.92 10385.76 739.2 628.32 0 7419.72 20411.16

3000 270.6 26875.992 116412.1 16706.84 48323.75 1504.536 102990.4 313084.2

4000 168.3 25710.3 78516.9 11206.8 35907.3 1184.7 125756.4 278450.7

4400 0 52880.916 116225.1 0 282.348 0 4513.476 173901.82

5000 18746.64 2448.468 4323.132 111916.7 8135.424 851.796 8454.996 154877.18

6000 544.5 60051.42 125755.7 48496.14 42930.36 2362.14 85498.38 365638.68

7000 0 17648.4 20734.56 619.08 4213.44 6237 4749.36 54201.84

8100 72.864 8998.704 7832.88 437.184 5926.272 4007.52 32400.19 59687.76

8200 0 158.4 190.08 0 79.2 0 332.64 760.32

8300 7.92 3072.96 1354.32 491.04 3128.4 2122.56 6153.84 16338.96

Grand Tota 21,127 1,755,149 2,709,474 316,316 469,895 433,288 1,732,127 7,437,458

Verification

Calculated 2,709,474 lbs/year

1.54 mg/l

Measured 2,468,224 lbs/year

1.41 mg/l 
27 

Table 17. Land Use Categories, Unit Load Factors, and P Reduction Factors for Caloosahatche

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Unit P Load 

(lbs/acre/yr)

Owner 

Implemented 

BMPs

Typical 

Incentive 

BMPs

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density1 1100 0.68 5% 5% 

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density2 1200 1.93 5% 5% Residential High Density Residential High Density2 1300 4.14 5% 5% Other Urban Commercial/Industrial2 1400-1800 2.05 5% 5% 

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 1.93 11% 19% Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 0.99 7% 13% 

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland Woodland/Range Pastures 2130/3000 0.40 4% 6% Row Crops Row Crops 2140 3.45 30% 30% 

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 0.55 10% 23% 

Citrus Citrus 2210 0.90 12% 20% 

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 2.79 20% 27% Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 4.00 32% 35% 

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 2.51 20% 22% 

Dairies Dairies 2520 12.94 9% 28% 

Other Areas Other Areas 2150-2610 3.20 15% 25% 

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 0.21 1% 10% 

Water Water 5000 0.07 0% 0% 

Natural Areas Forrests/wetlands/Open 4000/6000 0.11 0% 0% 

Transportation Transportation 8100 2.28 10% 23% 

Communication/Utilities Communication/Utilities 8200/8300 0.66 5% 5% 1 Assumed on Septic2 Assumed about 70% of Discharge from WWT outside basin

Estimated Phosphorus 
28 

Table 18. Land Use Categories, Unit Load Factors, and N Reduction Factors for CaloosahatcheWatershed

Land Use Category Land Use Description FLUCCS Unit N Load 

(lbs/acre/yr)

Owner 

Implemented 

BMPs

Typical 

Incentive 

BMPs

Residential Low Density Residential Low Density1 1100 7.26 15% 15% 

Residential Medium Density Residential Medium Density2 1200 10.56 25% 25% Residential High Density Residential High Density2 1300 15.84 30% 25% Other Urban Commercial/Industrial2 1400-1800 11.68 25% 25% 

Improved Pastures Improved Pastures 2110 14.65 17% 10% Unimproved Pastures Unimproved Pastures 2120 7.26 11% 8% 

Woodland Pastures/Rangeland Woodland/Range Pastures 2130/3000 5.41 4% 6% Row Crops Row Crops 2140 19.80 30% 30% 

Sugar Cane Sugar Cane 2156 10.56 10% 23% 

Citrus Citrus 2210 11.22 10% 20% 

Sod Farms Sod Farms 2420 11.88 20% 27% Ornamentals Ornamentals 2430 15.84 25% 25% 

Horse Farms Horse Farms 2510 21.12 30% 22% 

Dairies Dairies 2520 26.40 20% 40% 

Other Areas Other Areas 2150-2610 10.18 15% 25% 

Tree Plantations Tree Plantations 4400 4.09 5% 10% 

Water Water 5000 1.19 0% 0% 

Natural Areas Forrests/wetlands/Open 4000/6000 2.96 0% 0% 

Transportation Transportation 8100 12.14 20% 23% 

Communication/Utilities Communication/Utilities 8200/8300 7.92 5% 5% 1 Assumed on Septic2 Assumed about 70% of Discharge from WWT outside basin

Estimated Nitrogen R
Appendix A 

Current condition assumptions, existing loads, potential load reductions, and 

costs of implementation for the primary land uses 

in the St. Lucie River watershed 

Table of Contents for BMP Assessment Tables 

Phosphorus Data Page No.

Residential Low Density A- 1 

Residential Medium Density A- 2 

Residential High Density A- 3 

Other Urban A- 4 

Improved Pasture A- 5 

Unimproved Pasture A- 6 

Rangeland/Woodland Pasture A- 7 

Row Crop A- 8 

Sugarcane A- 9 

Citrus A-10 

Sod/Turf Farm A-11 

Ornamentals A-12 

Horse Farms A-13 

Dairies A-14 

Other Areas/Field Crops -Hayland A-15 

Pine Plantations A-16 

Transportation Corridors A-17 

Communication/Utilities A-18 

 

Nitrogen Data

Residential Low Density A-19 

Residential Medium Density A-20 

Residential High Density A-21 

Other Urban A-22 

Improved Pasture A-23 

Unimproved Pasture A-24 

Rangeland/Woodland Pasture A-25 

Row Crop A-26 

Sugarcane A-27 

Citrus A-28 

Sod/Turf Farm A-29 

Ornamentals A-30 

Horse Farms A-31 

Dairies A-32 

Other Areas/Field Crops -Hayland A-33 

Pine Plantations A-34 

Transportation Corridors A-35 

Communication/Utilities A-36 
A-1 

Assume for Typical Condition

Low Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 0.49 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.12 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 17.57 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 8359 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 6531 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 87 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 1437 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 8359 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 4019 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 2985 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 41796  Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 83592 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 2985  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Low Density Residential

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-2 

Assume for Typical Condition

Medium Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 1.40 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.30 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 20.76 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 2926 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 2286 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 30 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 503 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 2926 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 1407 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 1045 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 14629  Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 29257 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 1045  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Medium Density Residential

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-3 

Assume for Typical Condition

High Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 3.00 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.55 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 23.96 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 1365 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 1067 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 14 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 235 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 1365 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 656 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 488 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 6827  Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 13653 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 488  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for High Density Residential

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-4 

Assume for Typical Condition

Medium Density Residential with Mixed CommercialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 1.54 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.30 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 22.80 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 2656 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 2075 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 28 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 456 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 2656 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 1277 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 949 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 13279  Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 26558 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 949  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Other Urban

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-5 

Improved Pastures Assume for Typical Condition

3 ac / cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 3 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassAnimals have access to streamsExisting P Load 1.90 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.44 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 10 2.2 2.2 12 SlowBetter N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 96 Slow

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 46 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 31 ModerateReduced Stocking Rate4 (4ac /cow) Owner 0 to 10 3 165 52.8 926 Slow

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 19 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams Alternative 0 to 10 2 16.5 5.28 139 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 12 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 5 44 14.08 148 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 5 3.3 1.056 11 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 148 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 49 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 37 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 53 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 30 49.5 15.84 28 Moderate

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 11 11 4 17 SlowP Reduced to zero, Better N Management, Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 19 38.5 12 34 ModerateRotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 49 110 35 38 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
A-6 

Unimproved Pasture 

Assume for Typical Condition

8 ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 1 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting P Load 0.92 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.25 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Better N and Micros Fertilization - No P added Owner 0 to 10 1 2.2 2.2 239 Slow

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 38 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 64 Moderate

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 38 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 26 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 128 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 38 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 7 22 7.04 109 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 96 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 50 110 35.2 77 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 20 13.2 4.224 23 Moderate Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 7 2.2 1 11 Slow

Improved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed PlacementTypical BMP Program 5 to 25 13 11 4 29 ModerateSome Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 44 55 18 43 Fast Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
A-7 

Rangeland and Wooded Pasture

Assume for Typical Condition

16ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 0 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting P Load 0.66 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.18 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Better N and Micros Fertilization - No P added Owner 0 to 10 1 2.2 2.2 331 Slow

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 53 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 88 Moderate

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 53 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 35 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 177 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 53 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 20 10 22 7.04 106 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 132 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 40 110 35.2 132 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 10 13.2 4.224 64 Moderate Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 4 2.2 1 26 SlowImproved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed PlacementTypical BMP Program 5 to 25 6 11 4 88 ModerateSome Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 35 55 18 76 Fast Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
A-8 

Assume for Typical Condition

Potatoes Spring CropAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting P fertilization of 100 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 60' furrowsExisting P Load 4.50 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.89 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 22.36 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 20 to 70 30 11 11 8 Slow

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 3.52 8 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 23 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 3.52 39 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 3.52 16 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 10 4 55 17.6 98 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 55 25 220 70.4 63 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 8 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 50 550 176 78 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 60 220 70.4 26 Moderate Reduced P Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 20 to 70 30 11 3.52 3 SlowReduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 30 209 66.88 50 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 50 440 140.8 63 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Row Crop

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-9 

Assume for Typical Condition

3 year ratoonAssumed average farm size of 400 acExisting P fertilization of 30 lbs P/acLimited retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 330' furrowsExisting P Load 0.63 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.15 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 10 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 0 0 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, in-field retention) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 33 110 35 

 Reduced P fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 10 2.2 0 

Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 52 275 88  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sugarcane

P Reduction1 Annual C
A-10 

Assume for Typical Condition

Two row crown beddedAssumed average farm size of 200 acGrass Management between TreesPond retention with limited wetland restorationMicro jet irrigation and fertigation of young stockExisting P Load 1.80 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.41 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 25 10 0 0 0 SlowBetter N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 5 2 0 0 0 Slow

Water Management (irrigation and drainage) Typical 0 to 20 5 0 0 0 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds4 Typical 0 to 50 10 33 10.56 59 Fast

Grass Management between Trees Owner 0 to 5 2 22 7.04 196 ModerateGrassed Waterways Alternative 0 to 15 5 110 35.2 391 FastStormwater R/D5 Typical 10 to 60 40 440 140.8 196 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 44 14.08 78 FastEdge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment6 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 56 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Values shown are for using existing ponds for water reuse, if new facilities are needed then cost would increase significantly.5 Average of pre/post 1984 stormwater management requirements, i.e. P > .6ppm if developed prior to 1984 and less if developed after 1984. Groves developed after 1984 would probably have stormwater R/D systems, so little addition benefit would be expected for newer groves.6 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 32 75 24 130 Moderate

 Reduced P Fertilization, Better N Management,  Grass Management between Trees, additional Stormwater Retention, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 12 5.5 0 0 Slow

Reduced P Fertilization, Better N Management, and Grass Management between TreesTypical BMP Program 5 to 50 20 77 24.64 68 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 42 242 77 102 Fast

 Fertigation, Grassed Waterways, and Edge-of-farm  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Citrus

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-11 

Assume for Typical Condition

BermudagrassAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting P fertilization of 70 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 100' furrowsExisting P Load 2.52 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.58 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Re

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Erosion Control (Buffer Strips and sediment traps) Alternative 0 to 15 5 55 17.6 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 25 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 8 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 50 330 105.6 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 47 110 35.2  Reduced P fertilization, water management,  additional stormwater retention, and limited  wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 27 107.8 34 Water Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 50 330 105.6  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sod / Turf Grass

P Reduction1 Annual Co
A-12 

Assume for Typical Condition

Ornamental NurseryAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting P fertilization of 160 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationOverhead IrrigationExisting P Load 2.90 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.67 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 20 to 70 30 11 11 13 Slow

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 4 12 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 11 36 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 4 61 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 4 24 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 10 4 55 18 152 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 65 40 220 70 61 FastWetland Restoration Typical 0 to 10 4 11 4 30 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 50 550 176 121 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 67 220 70 36 Moderate Reduced P Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 20 to 70 32 11 4 4 SlowReduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 35 209 67 66 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 50 440 141 97 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Ornamentals

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-13 

Assume for Typical Condition

1 ac / horseAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting P fertilization of 5 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassExisting P Load 1.82 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.50 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 15 2.2 2.2 8 SlowBetter N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 10 5.5 5.5 30 Slow

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 48 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 32 ModerateReduced Stocking Rate4 (2ac /horse) Owner 0 to 10 20 165 52.8 145 Slow

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move animals from streams Typical 0 to 20 5 11 3.52 39 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move animals from streams Alternative 0 to 10 1 16.5 5.28 290 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 13 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 2 44 14.08 387 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 155 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 52 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 39 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 55 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 42 49.5 15.84 21 Moderate

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 20 11 4 10 Slow

P Reduced to zero, Better N Management, Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 22 38.5 12 31 Moderate

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 49 110 35 39 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Horse Farms

Annual Cost3
A-14 

Assume for Typical Condition

1000 head Dairy, dry cows pastured on site, 400 heifer/springers on siteAssumed average farm size of 700 acExisting P fertilization of 0 lbs P/acNo existing retention or wetland restorationStargrass PasturesAnimals are fenced from streamsExisting P Load 9.38 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 2.59 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Barn Waste

Feed Ration Management Owner 0 to 25 8 2.2 2.2 3 SlowSolids Separation for Off Site Disposal Alternative 0 to 10 3 5.5 1.76 6 SlowExpanded Waste Storage Ponds Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----Expanded Sprayfields Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Improved Pasture Management (See Cow-Calf Imp.. Pasture) Owner 10 to 40 20 16.5 5.28 3 ModerateImproved Forage/Sprayfield Management - P balanced, new crops Owner 0 to 15 5 0 0 0 SlowHIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 Alternative 30 to 70 50 3,929 1257 268 Slow

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield Alternative 20 to 70 40 440 140.8 38 ModerateEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 50 to 90 70 550 176 27 Fast

Buffer Strips Alternative 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 30 ModerateStormwater R/D Typical 15 to 50 30 1100 352 125 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 4 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 50 to 90 70 550 176 27 Fast1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Value only include implementation cost, i.e. doesn't include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Includes associated waste pond and sprayfield expansions5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 20 to 65 37 1045 334.4 301 Moderate Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration Feed Management

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 9 2.2 2 7 Slow

Feed Ration ManagementTypical BMP Program 20 to 60 28 1042.8 333.696 316 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 48 550 176 39 Fast Barn Waste

Solids Separation for Off Site Disposal 0 to 10 3 6 1.76 6 SlowExpanded Waste Storage Ponds4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Expanded Sprayfields4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

 HIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 30 to 70 50 3929 1257 268 Slow

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield 20 to 70 40 440 141 38 ModerateEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 50 to 90 70 550 176 27 Fast

 Buffer Strips 0 to 10 5 44 14 30 Moderate Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 50 to 90 70 550 176 27 Fast

BMPs for Dairies 

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-15 

Assume for Typical Condition

Assumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 60 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restoration 0.14Various Land Uses including hay, orchards, poultry, etc.Existing P Load 2.78 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.77 mg/lAverage Annual Acres 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Q

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) R

Fertility

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 15 2.2 2.2 5 Better N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 66 

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 32 Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 101 Stormwater R/D Typical 10 to 40 20 55 17.6 32 Wetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 13 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 36 220 70.4 70 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 60 40 50 15.84 14 M P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 15 11 4 8 P Reduced to zero, Better N Management, Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 39 12 18 M

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 36 110 35 35 

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Field Crop (Hayland) Production

Annual Cost3
A-16 

Assume for Typical Condition

Planted Pine Plantation (20 yr rotation)Assumed average farm size of 200 acExisting P fertilization of 5 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationExisting P Load 0.18 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.05 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 10 1 0 0 Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 8 22 22 Wetland Restoration Typical 1 to 5 2 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 50 110 35.2 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for ann4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 2 to 25 11 22 22  Reduced P Fertilization,  Stormwater R/D, and limited Wetland Restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 1 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 10 22 20 Stormwater R/D and limited Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 50 100 32  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment 

BMPS for Pine Plantation

P Reduction1 Annual C
A-17 

Assume for Typical Condition

50% Paved SurfaceBahia Grass Shoulders Existing P fertilization of 15 lbs P/acLimited retention or wetland restorationExisting P Load 1.65 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.27 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 27.15 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 10 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 0 0 

Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 33 110 35  Reduced P fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 10 2.2 0 

Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 

Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 52 275 88  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-System stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Transportation Corridors 

P Reduction1 Annual C
A-18 

Assume for Typical Condition

Marginally Maintained Bahia GrassNo Pond retentionExisting P Load 0.48 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.13 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 

Dry/Wet Retention 0.25" Typical 0 to 20 2 1280 409.6 Wet Restoration Typical 0 to 20 3 1600 512 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual 4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048  Reduced P Fertilization,limited dry/wet retention, and wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 Selective limited dry/wet retention and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 15 to 80 50 3200 1024  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Communications and Utilities

P Reduction1 Annua
A-19 

Assume for Typical Condition

Low Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 1.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 4.95 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.24 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 17.57 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 15 11 3.52 5 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 15 6400 2048 2758 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 2586 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 65 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 190 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 1379 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 1724 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 50 30 6411 2051.52 1381  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 30 15 11 3.52 5 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 40 15 6400 2048 2758 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 1379 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Low Density Residential

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-20 

Assume for Typical Condition

Medium Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 3.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 7.20 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.53 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 20.76 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 25 15 4.8 3 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 1138 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 1778 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 44 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 130 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 948 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 1185 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 70 50 6415 2052.8 570  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 60 25 15 4.8 3 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 25 6400 2048 1138 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 948 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Medium Density Residential

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-21 

Assume for Typical Condition

High Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 3.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 10.80 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.99 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 23.96 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 60 30 15 4.8 1 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 759 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 1185 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 30 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 87 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 632 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 790 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 70 55 6415 2052.8 346  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 60 30 15 4.8 1 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 25 6400 2048 759 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 632 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for High Density Residential

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-22 

Assume for Typical Condition

Mixed Commercial, Industrial, institutional, recreationAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 3.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 7.80 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.51 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 22.80 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 25 15 4.8 2 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 1051 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 1642 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 41 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 120 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 876 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 1094 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 70 50 6415 2052.8 527  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 50 25 15 4.8 2 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 1051 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 876 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Other Urban

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-23 

Improved Pastures Assume for Typical Condition

3 ac / cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 120 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassAnimals have access to streamsExisting N Load 9.99 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.30 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 15 2.2 2.2 1 FastBetter Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 18 Fast

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 9 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 6 FastReduced Stocking Rate4 (4ac /cow) Owner 0 to 10 5 165 52.8 106 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 4 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams Alternative 0 to 10 2 16.5 5.28 26 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 2 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 5 44 14.08 28 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 5 3.3 1.056 2 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 28 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 9 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 7 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 14 Fast1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 27 49.5 15.84 6 Fast P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 17 11 4 2 Fast

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 10 38.5 12 12 FastRotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 60 30 110 35 12 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
A-24 

Unimproved Pasture 

Assume for Typical Condition

8 ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 60 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting N Load 4.95 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.37 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 20 9 1.2 1.2 3 Fast

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 7 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 12 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 7 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 5 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 24 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 7 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 7 22 7.04 20 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 18 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 110 35.2 28 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 19 13.2 4.224 4 Fast Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 11 2.2 1 1 Fast

Improved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed PlacementTypical BMP Program 5 to 30 8 11 4 9 FastSome Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 60 30 55 18 12 Fast Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
A-25 

Rangeland and Wooded Pasture

Assume for Typical Condition

16ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 10 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting N Load 3.69 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.02 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Better N and Micros Fertilization - No P added Owner 0 to 10 1 2.2 1 27 Fast

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 10 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 16 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 10 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 6 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 32 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 10 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 20 10 22 7.04 19 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 24 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 110 35.2 38 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 10 13.2 4.224 11 Fast Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 4 2.2 1 5 FastImproved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed PlacementTypical BMP Program 5 to 25 6 11 4 16 Fast

Some Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 50 20 55 18 24 Fast

 Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
A-26 

Assume for Typical Condition

Potatoes Spring CropAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting N fertilization of 225 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 60' furrowsExisting N Load 13.50 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.67 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 22.36 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 20 to 70 30 18 18 4 Fast

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 3.52 3 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 8 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 3.52 13 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 3.52 5 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 10 4 55 17.6 33 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 55 25 220 70.4 21 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 3 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 550 176 26 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 60 220 70.4 9 Fast Reduced N Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 20 to 70 30 11 3.52 1 FastReduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 30 209 66.88 17 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 50 440 140.8 21 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Row Crop

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-27 

Assume for Typical Condition

3 year ratoon on organic soils Assumed average farm size of 400 acExisting N fertilization of 30 lbs N/acLimited retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 330' furrowsExisting N Load 7.20 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.66 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 10 1 1 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2 2 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, in-field retention) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 33 110.8 35 

 Reduced N fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 10 3 1 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 52 275 88  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sugarcane

N Reduction2 Annual C
A-28 

Assume for Typical Condition

Two row crown beddedAssumed average farm size of 200 acGrass Management between TreesPond retention with limited wetland restorationMicro jet irrigation and fertigation of young stockExisting N Load at 160 lb-N/ac/yr fertilizer 7.65 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.76 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 25 10 20 6.4 8 FastBetter Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 5 2 0 0 0 Fast

Water Management (irrigation and drainage) Typical 0 to 20 5 0 0 0 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds4 Typical 0 to 50 10 33 10.56 14 Fast

Grass Management between Trees Owner 0 to 5 2 22 7.04 46 FastGrassed Waterways Alternative 0 to 15 5 110 35.2 92 FastStormwater R/D5 Typical 10 to 60 40 440 140.8 46 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 44 14.08 18 FastEdge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment6 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 18 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Values shown are for using existing ponds for water reuse, if new facilities are needed then cost would increase significantly.5 Average of pre/post 1984 stormwater management requirements, i.e. P > .6ppm if developed prior to 1984 and less if developed after 1984. Groves developed after 1984 would probably have stormwater R/D systems, so little addition benefit would be expected for newer groves.6 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 30 490 156.8 68 Fast

 Reduced P Fertilization, Better N Management,  Grass Management between Trees, additional Stormwater Retention, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 10 20 6.4 8 Fast

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Better Micros Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 20 470 150.4 98 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 42 242 77 24 Fast

 Fertigation, Grassed Waterways, and Edge-of-farm  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Citrus

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-29 

Assume for Typical Condition

BermudagrassAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting N fertilization of 190 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 100' furrowsExisting N Load 8.10 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.87 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Re

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Erosion Control (Buffer Strips and sediment traps) Alternative 0 to 15 5 55 17.6 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 25 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 8 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 50 330 105.6 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 47 110 35.2  Reduced N fertilization, water management,  additional stormwater retention, and limited  wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 27 107.8 34 Water Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 50 330 105.6  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sod / Turf Grass

N Reduction1 Annual Co
A-30 

Assume for Typical Condition

Ornamental NurseryAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting N fertilization of 160 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationOverhead IrrigationExisting N Load 10.80 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.49 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 19.16 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 25 11 11 4 Fast

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 4 3 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 11 10 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 4 16 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 4 7 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 30 15 55 18 11 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 65 40 220 70 16 FastWetland Restoration Typical 0 to 10 4 11 4 8 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 550 176 33 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 50 220 70 13 Fast Reduced N Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 25 11 4 1 FastReduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 209 67 25 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 10 to 50 25 440 141 52 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Ornamentals

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-31 

Assume for Typical Condition

1 ac / horseAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting N fertilization of 180 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassExisting N Load 14.40 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 3.98 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 60 30 4.2 4.2 1 FastBetter Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 13 Fast

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 6 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 4 FastReduced Stocking Rate4 (2ac /horse) Owner 0 to 20 10 165 52.8 37 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move animals from streams Typical 0 to 20 5 11 3.52 5 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move animals from streams Alternative 0 to 10 1 16.5 5.28 37 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 2 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 2 44 14.08 49 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 20 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 7 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 5 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 10 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 52 49.5 15.84 2 Fast

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 60 30 11 4 1 Fast

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 22 38.5 12 4 Fast

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 60 30 110 35 8 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Horse Farms

Annual Cost3
A-32 

Assume for Typical Condition

1000 head Dairy, dry cows pastured on site, 400 heifer/springers on siteAssumed average farm size of 700 acExisting N fertilization of 100 lbs N/acNo existing retention or wetland restorationStargrass PasturesAnimals are fenced from streamsExisting N Load 18.00 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 4.98 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Barn Waste

Feed Ration Management Owner 0 to 25 1 2.2 2.2 12 FastSolids Separation for Off Site Disposal Alternative 0 to 10 1 5.5 1.76 10 FastExpanded Waste Storage Ponds Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----Expanded Sprayfields Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Improved Pasture Management (See Cow-Calf Imp.. Pasture) Owner 10 to 40 20 16.5 5.28 1 FastImproved Forage/Sprayfield Management - N/P balanced, new crops Owner 0 to 15 5 0 0 0 Fast

HIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 Alternative 30 to 70 50 3,929 1257 140 Fast

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield Alternative 20 to 70 40 440 140.8 20 FastEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 30 15 550 176 65 Fast

Buffer Strips Alternative 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 16 FastStormwater R/D Typical 15 to 50 30 1100 352 65 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 2 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 70 50 550 176 20 Fast1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Value only include implementation cost, i.e. doesn't include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Includes associated waste pond and sprayfield expansions5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 20 to 65 60 1045 334.4 97 Fast Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration N Fertilizer Reduction

Owner BMP Program 10 to 40 20 2.2 0.704 0 Fast

N Fertilzer ManagementTypical BMP Program 20 to 60 40 1042.8 333.696 46 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 48 750 240 28 Fast Barn Waste

Solids Separation for Off Site Disposal 0 to 10 1 6 1.76 10 FastExpanded Waste Storage Ponds4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Expanded Sprayfields4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

 HIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 30 to 70 50 3929 1257 140 Fast

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield 20 to 70 40 440 141 20 FastEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 5 to 30 15 550 176 65 Fast

 Buffer Strips 0 to 10 5 44 14 16 Fast Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 5 to 70 50 550 176 20 Fast

BMPs for Dairies 

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
A-33 

Assume for Typical Condition

Assumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 180 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationVarious Land Uses including hay, orchards, poultry, etc.Existing N Load 7.91 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.19 mg/lAverage Annual Acres 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 15 2.2 2.2 2 Better Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 23 

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 11 Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 36 Stormwater R/D Typical 10 to 40 20 55 17.6 11 Wetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 4 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 18 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 60 40 58 18.56 6  P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 15 11 4 3 Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 47 15 8 

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 36 110 35 12 

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Field Crop (Hayland) Production

Annual Cost3
A-34 

Assume for Typical Condition

Planted Pine Plantation (20 yr rotation)Assumed average farm size of 200 acExisting N fertilization of 5 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationExisting N Load 2.79 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 0.77 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 15 5 3 3 Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 8 22 22 Wetland Restoration Typical 1 to 5 2 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 110 35.2 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for ann4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 2 to 25 15 22 22  Reduced N Fertilization,  Stormwater R/D, and limited Wetland Restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 15 5 3 0 Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 3 to 20 10 16.5 12.76 Stormwater R/D and limited Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 50 25 110 35.2  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment 

BMPS for Pine Plantation

N Reduction1 Annual C
A-35 

Assume for Typical Condition

50% Paved SurfaceBahia Grass Shoulders Existing N fertilization of 35 lbs N/acLimited retention or wetland restorationExisting N Load 8.28 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.35 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 27.15 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 3 2 2 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2 2 

Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 43 111.8 36  Reduced N fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 20 4 1 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 

Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 50 25 220 70  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-System stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Transportation Corridors 

N Reduction1 Annual C
A-36 

Assume for Typical Condition

Marginally Maintained Bahia GrassNo Pond retentionExisting N Load 5.40 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.49 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 15.97 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 

Dry/Wet Retention 0.25" Typical 0 to 20 2 1280 409.6 Wet Restoration Typical 0 to 20 3 1600 512 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. do3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048  Reduced N Fertilization,limited dry/wet retention, and wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 Selective limited dry/wet retention and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 15 to 80 50 3200 1024  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Communications and Utilities

N Reduction1 Annual C
B-1 

Appendix B 

Current condition assumptions, existing loads, potential load reductions, and 

costs of implementation for the primary land uses 

in the Caloosahatchee River watershed 

Table of Contents for BMP Assessment Tables 

 

Phosphorus Data Page No.

Residential Low Density B- 1 

Residential Medium Density B- 2 

Residential High Density B- 3 

Other Urban B- 4 

Improved Pasture B- 5 

Unimproved Pasture B- 6 

Rangeland/Woodland Pasture B- 7 

Row Crop B- 8 

Sugarcane B- 9 

Citrus B-10 

Sod/Turf Farm B-11 

Ornamentals B-12 

Horse Farms B-13 

Dairies B-14 

Other Areas/Field Crops -Hayland B-15 

Pine Plantations B-16 

Transportation Corridors B-17 

Communication/Utilities B-18 

 

Nitrogen Data

Residential Low Density B-19 

Residential Medium Density B-20 

Residential High Density B-21 

Other Urban B-22 

Improved Pasture B-23 

Unimproved Pasture B-24 

Rangeland/Woodland Pasture B-25 

Row Crop B-26 

Sugarcane B-27 

Citrus B-28 

Sod/Turf Farm B-29 

Ornamentals B-30 

Horse Farms B-31 

Dairies B-32 

Other Areas/Field Crops -Hayland B-33 

Pine Plantations B-34 

Transportation Corridors B-35 

Communication/Utilities B-36 
B-1 

Assume for Typical Condition

Low Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 0.68 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.11 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 27.43 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 6057 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 4732 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 63 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 1041 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 6057 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 2912 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 2163 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 30287 

 Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization 

Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 60574 

Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 2163 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Low Density Residential

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-2 

Assume for Typical Condition

Medium Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 1.93 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.26 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 32.42 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 2120 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 1656 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 22 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 364 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 2120 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 1019 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 757 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 10600 

 Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization 

Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 21201 

Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 757 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Medium Density Residential

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-3 

Assume for Typical Condition

High Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 4.14 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.46 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 39.90 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 989 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 773 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 10 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 170 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 989 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 476 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 353 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 4947 

 Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization 

Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 9894 

Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 353 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for HIgh Density Residential

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-4 

Assume for Typical Condition

Medium Density Residential with Mixed CommercialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed LawnsLimited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting P Load 2.05 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.25 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 36.34 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry Retention/Swales 0.25" Typical 20 to 80 50 6400 2048 2001 Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 30 to 90 80 8000 2560 1563 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 25 15 20 6.4 21 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 10 to 60 20 440 140.8 344 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 2001 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 962 Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 715 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not i3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 10003 

 Reduced P Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization 

Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 20006 

Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 70 3200 1024 715 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Other Urban

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-5 

Improved Pastures Assume for Typical Condition

3 ac / cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 3 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassAnimals have access to streamsExisting P Load 1.93 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.29 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 10 2.2 2.2 11 SlowBetter N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 95 Slow

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 46 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 30 ModerateReduced Stocking Rate4 (4ac /cow) Owner 0 to 10 3 165 52.8 911 Slow

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 18 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams Alternative 0 to 10 2 16.5 5.28 137 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 12 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 5 44 14.08 146 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 5 3.3 1.056 11 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 146 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 49 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 36 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 52 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 30 49.5 15.84 27 Moderate

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 11 11 4 17 Slow

P Reduced to zero, Better N Management, Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 19 38.5 12 34 Moderate

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 49 110 35 37 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
B-6 

Unimproved Pasture 

Assume for Typical Condition

8 ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 1 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting P Load 0.99 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.18 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 24.94 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Better N and Micros Fertilization - No P added Owner 0 to 10 1 2.2 2.2 221 Slow

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 35 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 59 Moderate

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 35 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 24 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 118 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 35 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 7 22 7.04 101 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 89 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 50 110 35.2 71 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 20 13.2 4.224 21 Moderate

 Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 7 2.2 1 10 SlowImproved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed PlacementTypical BMP Program 5 to 25 13 11 4 27 Moderate

Some Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 44 55 18 40 Fast

 Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
B-7 

Rangeland and Wooded Pasture

Assume for Typical Condition

16ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 0 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting P Load 0.40 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.08 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 21.24 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Better N and Micros Fertilization - No P added Owner 0 to 10 1 2.2 2.2 552 Slow

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 88 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 147 Moderate

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 88 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 59 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 294 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 88 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 20 10 22 7.04 177 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 221 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 40 110 35.2 221 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 10 13.2 4.224 106 Moderate

 Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 4 2.2 1 44 Slow

Improved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed Placement

Typical BMP Program 5 to 25 6 11 4 147 Moderate

Some Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 35 55 18 126 Fast

 Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
B-8 

Assume for Typical Condition

Potatoes Spring CropAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting P fertilization of 100 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 60' furrowsExisting P Load 3.45 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.44 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 34.91 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 20 to 70 30 11 11 11 Slow

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 3.52 10 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 31 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 3.52 51 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 3.52 20 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 10 4 55 17.6 128 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 55 25 220 70.4 82 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 10 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 50 550 176 102 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 60 220 70.4 34 Moderate Reduced P Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 20 to 70 30 11 3.52 3 SlowReduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 30 209 66.88 65 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 50 440 140.8 82 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Row Crop

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-9 

Assume for Typical Condition

3 year ratoonAssumed average farm size of 400 acExisting P fertilization of 30 lbs P/acLimited retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 330' furrowsExisting P Load 0.55 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.08 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 10 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 0 0 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, in-field retention) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in

3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu

4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 33 110 35 

 Reduced P fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 10 2.2 0 

Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 52 275 88  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sugarcane

P Reduction1 Annual C
B-10 

Assume for Typical Condition

Two row crown beddedAssumed average farm size of 200 acGrass Management between TreesPond retention with limited wetland restorationMicro jet irrigation and fertigation of young stockExisting P Load 0.90 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.13 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 25 10 0 0 0 SlowBetter N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 5 2 0 0 0 Slow

Water Management (irrigation and drainage) Typical 0 to 20 5 0 0 0 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds4 Typical 0 to 50 10 33 10.56 118 Fast

Grass Management between Trees Owner 0 to 5 2 22 7.04 392 ModerateGrassed Waterways Alternative 0 to 15 5 110 35.2 785 FastStormwater R/D5 Typical 10 to 60 40 440 140.8 392 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 44 14.08 157 FastEdge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment6 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 112 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Values shown are for using existing ponds for water reuse, if new facilities are needed then cost would increase significantly.5 Average of pre/post 1984 stormwater management requirements, i.e. P > .6ppm if developed prior to 1984 and less if developed after 1984. Groves developed after 1984 would probably have stormwater R/D systems, so little addition benefit would be expected for newer groves.6 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 32 75 24 261 Moderate

 Reduced P Fertilization, Better N Management,  Grass Management between Trees, additional Stormwater Retention, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 12 5.5 0 0 Slow

Reduced P Fertilization, Better N Management, and Grass Management between Trees

Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 20 77 24.64 137 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 42 242 77 206 Fast

 Fertigation, Grassed Waterways, and Edge-of-farm  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Citrus

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-11 

Assume for Typical Condition

BermudagrassAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting P fertilization of 70 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 100' furrowsExisting P Load 2.79 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.41 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Re

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Erosion Control (Buffer Strips and sediment traps) Alternative 0 to 15 5 55 17.6 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 25 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 8 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 50 330 105.6 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 47 110 35.2  Reduced P fertilization, water management,  additional stormwater retention, and limited  wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 27 107.8 34 Water Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 50 330 105.6  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sod / Turf Grass

P Reduction1 Annual Co
B-12 

Assume for Typical Condition

Ornamental NurseryAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting P fertilization of 160 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationOverhead IrrigationExisting P Load 4.00 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.59 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 20 to 70 30 11 11 9 Slow

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 4 9 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 11 26 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 4 44 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 4 18 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 10 4 55 18 110 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 65 40 220 70 44 FastWetland Restoration Typical 0 to 10 4 11 4 22 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 50 550 176 88 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 67 220 70 26 Moderate Reduced P Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 20 to 70 32 11 4 3 SlowReduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 35 209 67 48 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 50 440 141 70 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Ornamentals

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-13 

Assume for Typical Condition

1 ac / horseAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting P fertilization of 5 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassExisting P Load 2.51 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.44 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 24.94 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 15 2.2 2.2 6 SlowBetter N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 10 5.5 5.5 22 Slow

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 35 SlowImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 23 ModerateReduced Stocking Rate4 (2ac /horse) Owner 0 to 10 20 165 52.8 105 Slow

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move animals from streams Typical 0 to 20 5 11 3.52 28 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move animals from streams Alternative 0 to 10 1 16.5 5.28 210 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 9 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 2 44 14.08 280 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 112 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 37 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 28 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 40 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 42 49.5 15.84 15 Moderate

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 20 11 4 7 Slow

P Reduced to zero, Better N Management, Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 22 38.5 12 22 Moderate

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 49 110 35 29 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Horse Farms

Annual Cost3
B-14 

Assume for Typical Condition

1000 head Dairy, dry cows pastured on site, 400 heifer/springers on siteAssumed average farm size of 700 acExisting P fertilization of 0 lbs P/acNo existing retention or wetland restorationStargrass PasturesAnimals are fenced from streamsExisting P Load 12.94 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 2.29 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 24.94 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Barn Waste

Feed Ration Management Owner 0 to 25 8 2.2 2.2 2 SlowSolids Separation for Off Site Disposal Alternative 0 to 10 3 5.5 1.76 5 SlowExpanded Waste Storage Ponds Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----Expanded Sprayfields Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Improved Pasture Management (See Cow-Calf Imp.. Pasture) Owner 10 to 40 20 16.5 5.28 2 ModerateImproved Forage/Sprayfield Management - P balanced, new crops Owner 0 to 15 5 0 0 0 SlowHIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 Alternative 30 to 70 50 3,929 1257 194 Slow

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield Alternative 20 to 70 40 440 140.8 27 ModerateEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 50 to 90 70 550 176 19 Fast

Buffer Strips Alternative 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 22 ModerateStormwater R/D Typical 15 to 50 30 1100 352 91 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 3 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 50 to 90 70 550 176 19 Fast1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Value only include implementation cost, i.e. doesn't include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Includes associated waste pond and sprayfield expansions5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 20 to 65 37 1045 334.4 218 Moderate Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration Feed Management

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 9 2.2 2 7 Slow

Feed Ration ManagementTypical BMP Program 20 to 60 28 1042.8 333.696 316 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 48 550 176 28 Fast Barn Waste

Solids Separation for Off Site Disposal 0 to 10 3 6 1.76 5 SlowExpanded Waste Storage Ponds4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Expanded Sprayfields4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

 HIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 30 to 70 50 3929 1257 194 Slow

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield 20 to 70 40 440 141 27 ModerateEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 50 to 90 70 550 176 19 Fast

 Buffer Strips 0 to 10 5 44 14 22 Moderate Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 50 to 90 70 550 176 19 Fast

BMPs for Dairies 

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-15 

Assume for Typical Condition

Assumed average farm size of 500 acExisting P fertilization of 60 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationVarious Land Uses including hay, orchards, poultry, etc.Existing P Load 3.20 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.53 mg/lAverage Annual Acres 26.63 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Q

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) R

Fertility

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 15 2.2 2.2 5 Better N and Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 57 

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 28 Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 88 Stormwater R/D Typical 10 to 40 20 55 17.6 28 Wetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 11 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 36 220 70.4 61 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 60 40 50 15.84 12 M

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 15 11 4 7 

P Reduced to zero, Better N Management, Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement 

Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 39 12 15 M

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 36 110 35 31 

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

P Reduction1

BMPs for Field Crop (Hayland) Production

Annual Cost3
B-16 

Assume for Typical Condition

Planted Pine Plantation (20 yr rotation)Assumed average farm size of 200 acExisting P fertilization of 5 lbs P/acNo retention or wetland restorationExisting P Load 0.21 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.06 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 14.96 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 10 1 0 0 Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 8 22 22 Wetland Restoration Typical 1 to 5 2 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 50 110 35.2 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for ann4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 2 to 25 11 22 22  Reduced P Fertilization,  Stormwater R/D, and limited Wetland Restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 1 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 10 22 20 Stormwater R/D and limited Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 50 100 32  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment 

BMPS for Pine Plantation

P Reduction1 Annual C
B-17 

Assume for Typical Condition

50% Paved SurfaceBahia Grass Shoulders Existing P fertilization of 15 lbs P/acLimited retention or wetland restorationExisting P Load 2.28 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.20 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 49.88 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 10 0 0 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 0 0 

Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 90 70 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in

3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu

4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 33 110 35  Reduced P fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 10 2.2 0 

Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 

Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 52 275 88  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-System stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Transportation Corridors 

P Reduction1 Annual C
B-18 

Assume for Typical Condition

Marginally Maintained Bahia GrassNo Pond retentionExisting P Load 0.66 lbs-P/ac/yrExisting P Concentration 0.12 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 25.05 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre P Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 0 

Dry/Wet Retention 0.25" Typical 0 to 20 2 1280 409.6 30918 Wet Restoration Typical 0 to 20 3 1600 512 25765 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 6184 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 2973 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048 30918  Reduced P Fertilization,limited dry/wet retention, and wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 0 Reduced P Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 61836 Selective limited dry/wet retention and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 15 to 80 50 3200 1024 3092  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Communications and Utilities

P Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-19 

Assume for Typical Condition

Low Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 1.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 7.26 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.17 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 27.43 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 15 11 3.52 3 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 15 6400 2048 1881 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 1763 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 44 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 129 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 940 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 1175 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 50 30 6411 2051.52 942  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 30 15 11 3.52 3 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 40 15 6400 2048 1881 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 940 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Low Density Residential

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-20 

Assume for Typical Condition

Medium Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 3.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 10.56 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.44 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 32.42 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 25 15 4.8 2 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 776 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 1212 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 30 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 89 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 646 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 808 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 70 50 6415 2052.8 389  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 60 25 15 4.8 2 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 25 6400 2048 776 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 646 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Medium Density Residential

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-21 

Assume for Typical Condition

High Density ResidentialAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 3.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 15.84 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.75 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 39.90 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 60 30 15 4.8 1 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 517 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 808 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 20 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 59 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 431 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 539 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 70 55 6415 2052.8 236  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 60 30 15 4.8 1 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 25 6400 2048 517 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 431 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for High Density Residential

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-22 

Assume for Typical Condition

Mixed Commercial, Industrial, institutional, recreationAssumed average development size of 200 acModerately Managed Lawns Mid-IFAS 3.5 lb-N/1000ft2Limited Pond retentionLimited Lawn IrrigationExisting N Load 11.68 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.42 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 36.34 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Remov

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/y

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS low, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 25 15 4.8 2 

Dry Retention/Swales4 0.25" Typical 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 701 

Wet Detention - 0.25" Typical 10 to 40 20 8000 2560 1096 Street Sweeping Typical 0 to 10 2 20 6.4 27 Sediment/Baffle Boxes Typical 2 to 30 15 440 140.8 80 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 584 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 5 to 30 15 4000 1280 731 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 Adjusted down to correct for reported Dry Detention reductions not including ground water re-emergent N loads.Typical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 70 50 6415 2052.8 352  Reduced N Fertilization, Swales, and limited Dry Retention/Sweeping

Owner BMP Program 0 to 50 25 15 4.8 2 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 6400 2048 701 Limited Dry Retention, Street Sweeping, Sediment R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 35 15 3200 1024 584 

 Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Other Urban

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-23 

Improved Pastures Assume for Typical Condition

3 ac / cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 120 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassAnimals have access to streamsExisting N Load 14.65 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.16 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 30 15 2.2 2.2 1 FastBetter Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 13 Fast

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 6 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 4 FastReduced Stocking Rate4 (4ac /cow) Owner 0 to 10 5 165 52.8 72 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 2 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams Alternative 0 to 10 2 16.5 5.28 18 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 2 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 5 44 14.08 19 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 5 3.3 1.056 1 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 19 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 6 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 5 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 10 Fast1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 27 49.5 15.84 4 Fast P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 17 11 4 1 Fast

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 10 38.5 12 8 FastRotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 60 30 110 35 8 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
B-24 

Unimproved Pasture 

Assume for Typical Condition

8 ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 60 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting N Load 7.26 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.29 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 24.94 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 20 9 1.2 1.2 2 Fast

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 5 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 8 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 5 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 3 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 16 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 5 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 7 22 7.04 14 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 12 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 110 35.2 19 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 19 13.2 4.224 3 Fast

 Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 11 2.2 1 1 Fast

Improved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed Placement

Typical BMP Program 5 to 30 8 11 4 6 Fast

Some Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 60 30 55 18 8 Fast

 Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
B-25 

Rangeland and Wooded Pasture

Assume for Typical Condition

16ac per cowAssumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 10 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grass / nativeAnimals have access to streamsExisting N Load 5.41 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.12 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 21.24 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Better N and Micros Fertilization - No P added Owner 0 to 10 1 2.2 1 18 Fast

Grass Management (chopping, mowing, burning, etc.) Owner 0 to 10 2 2.2 0.704 7 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing (limited) Typical 0 to 5 3 5.5 1.76 11 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move cattle from streams Owner 0 to 10 5 5.5 1.76 7 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 10 3 2.2 0.704 4 FastCritical Area Fencing Alternative 2 to 10 3 11 3.52 22 FastRetention Basin by Working Pens Typical 2 to 10 3 3.3 1.056 7 Fast

Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 20 10 22 7.04 13 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 10 4 11 3.52 16 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 110 35.2 26 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 5 to 30 10 13.2 4.224 8 Fast

 Some rotational grazing, new water facilities, retention basin basin by working pens, improved grass management, feed  placement, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 4 2.2 1 3 Fast

Improved Grass Management, Watering Facilities, and Feed Placement

Typical BMP Program 5 to 25 6 11 4 11 Fast

Some Rotational Grazing, retention basinbasin by working pens, and moderate wetland restoration/retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 50 20 55 18 16 Fast

 Critical Area Fencing and  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Cow Calf Production

Annual Cost3
B-26 

Assume for Typical Condition

Potatoes Spring CropAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting N fertilization of 225 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 60' furrowsExisting N Load 19.80 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.50 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 34.91 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 20 to 70 30 18 18 3 Fast

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 3.52 2 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 5 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 3.52 9 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 3.52 4 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 10 4 55 17.6 22 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 55 25 220 70.4 14 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 2 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 550 176 18 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 60 220 70.4 6 Fast Reduced N Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 20 to 70 30 11 3.52 1 FastReduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 30 209 66.88 11 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 50 440 140.8 14 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Row Crop

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-27 

Assume for Typical Condition

3 year ratoon on organic soils Assumed average farm size of 400 acExisting N fertilization of 30 lbs N/acLimited retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 330' furrowsExisting N Load 10.56 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.56 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 10 1 1 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2 2 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, in-field retention) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 10.56 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in

3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu

4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 33 110.8 35 

 Reduced N fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 10 3 1 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 52 275 88  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sugarcane

N Reduction2 Annual C
B-28 

Assume for Typical Condition

Two row crown beddedAssumed average farm size of 200 acGrass Management between TreesPond retention with limited wetland restorationMicro jet irrigation and fertigation of young stockExisting N Load at 160 lb-N/ac/yr fertilizer 11.22 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.66 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 25 10 20 6.4 6 FastBetter Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 5 2 0 0 0 Fast

Water Management (irrigation and drainage) Typical 0 to 20 5 0 0 0 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds4 Typical 0 to 50 10 33 10.56 9 Fast

Grass Management between Trees Owner 0 to 5 2 22 7.04 31 FastGrassed Waterways Alternative 0 to 15 5 110 35.2 63 FastStormwater R/D5 Typical 10 to 60 40 440 140.8 31 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 44 14.08 13 FastEdge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment6 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 13 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Values shown are for using existing ponds for water reuse, if new facilities are needed then cost would increase significantly.5 Average of pre/post 1984 stormwater management requirements, i.e. P > .6ppm if developed prior to 1984 and less if developed after 1984. Groves developed after 1984 would probably have stormwater R/D systems, so little addition benefit would be expected for newer groves.6 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 30 490 156.8 47 Fast

 Reduced P Fertilization, Better N Management,  Grass Management between Trees, additional Stormwater Retention, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 10 20 6.4 6 Fast

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Better Micros Fertilization 

Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 20 470 150.4 67 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 42 242 77 16 Fast

 Fertigation, Grassed Waterways, and Edge-of-farm  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Citrus

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-29 

Assume for Typical Condition

BermudagrassAssumed average farm size of 100 acExisting N fertilization of 190 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationSeepage Irrigation with 100' furrowsExisting N Load 11.88 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.75 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Re

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 20 10 11 3.52 Erosion Control (Buffer Strips and sediment traps) Alternative 0 to 15 5 55 17.6 Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 25 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 8 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 20 to 70 50 330 105.6 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 47 110 35.2  Reduced N fertilization, water management,  additional stormwater retention, and limited  wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 20 2.2 2.2 Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 27 107.8 34 Water Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 70 50 330 105.6  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Sod / Turf Grass

N Reduction1 Annual Co
B-30 

Assume for Typical Condition

Ornamental NurseryAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting N fertilization of 160 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationOverhead IrrigationExisting N Load 15.84 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 2.34 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 29.93 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quicknes

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 25 11 11 3 Fast

Water Management (irrigation and drainage, riser board control) Typical 0 to 40 10 11 4 2 FastWater Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds Alternative 0 to 20 10 33 11 7 FastErosion Control (sediment trap in front of risers) Alternative 0 to 5 2 11 4 11 FastOff Season In-Field Retention Typical 0 to 15 5 11 4 4 FastOff Season Cover Crop Typical 0 to 30 15 55 18 7 FastStormwater R/D Typical 10 to 65 40 220 70 11 FastWetland Restoration Typical 0 to 10 4 11 4 6 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 550 176 22 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 80 50 220 70 9 Fast Reduced N Fertilization, Water Management,  additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited  Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 25 11 4 1 FastReduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 209 67 17 FastWater Management, additional Stormwater Retention, Cover Crop, and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 10 to 50 25 440 141 36 Fast Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds,  Erosion Control, and  Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Ornamentals

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-31 

Assume for Typical Condition

1 ac / horseAssumed average farm size of 10 acExisting N fertilization of 180 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationBahia grassExisting N Load 21.12 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 3.74 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 24.94 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Fertility

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 60 30 4.2 4.2 1 FastBetter Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 9 Fast

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 4 FastImproved Grazing Management

Rotational Grazing Typical 0 to 30 3 5.5 1.76 3 FastReduced Stocking Rate4 (2ac /horse) Owner 0 to 20 10 165 52.8 25 Fast

HIA and Direct Water Access Prevention

Improved Watering Facilities to move animals from streams Typical 0 to 20 5 11 3.52 3 FastProvide Alternative Shade to move animals from streams Alternative 0 to 10 1 16.5 5.28 25 FastFeeder/Minerals and Water Placement Owner 0 to 30 3 2.2 0.704 1 FastCritical Area Fencing Typical 2 to 20 2 44 14.08 33 Fast

Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 13 FastStormwater R/D Typical 5 to 40 15 44 14.08 4 FastWetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 5 11 3.52 3 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 7 Fast

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 This practice would typically be unacceptable to most farmers, but if significant feed is being purchased then it should be considered5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 52 49.5 15.84 1 Fast

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 60 30 11 4 1 Fast

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 22 38.5 12 3 Fast

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 60 30 110 35 6 Fast

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Horse Farms

Annual Cost3
B-32 

Assume for Typical Condition

1000 head Dairy, dry cows pastured on site, 400 heifer/springers on siteAssumed average farm size of 700 acExisting N fertilization of 100 lbs N/acNo existing retention or wetland restorationStargrass PasturesAnimals are fenced from streamsExisting N Load 26.40 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 4.67 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 24.94 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Quickness

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed of 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) Response

Barn Waste

Feed Ration Management Owner 0 to 25 1 2.2 2.2 8 FastSolids Separation for Off Site Disposal Alternative 0 to 10 1 5.5 1.76 7 FastExpanded Waste Storage Ponds Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----Expanded Sprayfields Alternative ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Improved Pasture Management (See Cow-Calf Imp.. Pasture) Owner 10 to 40 20 16.5 5.28 1 FastImproved Forage/Sprayfield Management - N/P balanced, new crops Owner 0 to 15 5 0 0 0 Fast

HIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 Alternative 30 to 70 50 3,929 1257 95 Fast

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield Alternative 20 to 70 40 440 140.8 13 FastEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 30 15 550 176 44 Fast

Buffer Strips Alternative 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 11 FastStormwater R/D Typical 15 to 50 30 1100 352 44 FastWetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 1 FastEdge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 Alternative 5 to 70 50 550 176 13 Fast1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Value only include implementation cost, i.e. doesn't include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 Includes associated waste pond and sprayfield expansions5 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 20 to 65 60 1045 334.4 66 Fast Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration N Fertilizer Reduction

Owner BMP Program 10 to 40 20 2.2 0.704 0 Fast

N Fertilzer ManagementTypical BMP Program 20 to 60 40 1042.8 333.696 32 Fast

Stormwater R/D and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 20 to 90 48 750 240 19 Fast Barn Waste

Solids Separation for Off Site Disposal 0 to 10 1 6 1.76 7 FastExpanded Waste Storage Ponds4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

Expanded Sprayfields4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----

 HIA Management

Add Housing to Move Animals off Fields4 30 to 70 50 3929 1257 95 Fast

Stormwater Retention / Expanded Sprayfield 20 to 70 40 440 141 13 FastEdge-of-field Chemical Treatment5 5 to 30 15 550 176 44 Fast

 Buffer Strips 0 to 10 5 44 14 11 Fast Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment5 5 to 70 50 550 176 13 Fast

BMPs for Dairies 

N Reduction1 Annual Cost3
B-33 

Assume for Typical Condition

Assumed average farm size of 500 acExisting N fertilization of 180 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationVarious Land Uses including hay, orchards, poultry, etc.Existing N Load 10.18 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.69 mg/lAverage Annual Acres 26.63 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost Q

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N Removed 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/lb/ac/yr) R

Fertility

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 50 15 2.2 2.2 1 Better Micros Fertilization Owner 0 to 20 3 5.5 5.5 18 

Grass Management (variety, mowing, burning, irrigation, etc.) Owner 0 to 20 2 5.5 1.76 9 Buffer Strips Typical 0 to 10 5 44 14.08 28 Stormwater R/D Typical 10 to 40 20 55 17.6 9 Wetland Restoration Typical 5 to 20 10 11 3.52 3 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 70 50 220 70.4 14 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not include O&M Costs. 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&M.4 High O&M Costs

Typical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 60 40 58 18.56 5 

 P reduced to zero, Better N Management, Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens, Improved Grass Management, Feed Placement, Critical Area  Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Owner BMP Program 0 to 25 15 11 4 2 

Reduced N Fertilization (IFAS, placement, and type)Grass Management, and Feeder/Minerals and Water Placement 

Typical BMP Program 10 to 50 25 47 15 6 

Rotational Grazing, New Water Facilities, Retention Basin by Working Pens,Critical Area Fencing, and Moderate Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 70 36 110 35 10 

 Provide Alternative Shade to move cattle from streams  and Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

N Reduction1

BMPs for Field Crop (Hayland) Production

Annual Cost3
B-34 

Assume for Typical Condition

Planted Pine Plantation (20 yr rotation)Assumed average farm size of 200 acExisting N fertilization of 5 lbs N/acNo retention or wetland restorationExisting N Load 4.09 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.21 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 14.96 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($/

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to 15 5 3 3 Stormwater R/D Typical 2 to 15 8 22 22 Wetland Restoration Typical 1 to 5 2 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 110 35.2 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not 3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for ann4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 2 to 25 15 22 22  Reduced N Fertilization,  Stormwater R/D, and limited Wetland Restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 15 5 3 0 Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 3 to 20 10 16.5 12.76 Stormwater R/D and limited Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 50 25 110 35.2  Edge-of-farm Stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment 

BMPS for Pine Plantation

N Reduction1 Annual C
B-35 

Assume for Typical Condition

50% Paved SurfaceBahia Grass Shoulders Existing N fertilization of 35 lbs N/acLimited retention or wetland restorationExisting N Load 12.14 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.07 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 49.88 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre N R

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) ($

Fertility pH management 0 to 20 3 2 2 

Reduced N Fertilization (testing, split, placement, and type) Owner 10 to 50 20 2 2 

Stormwater R/D Typical 5 to 45 15 110 35.2 Wetland Restoration Typical 2 to 15 7 11 3.52 Edge-of-farm stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment4 Alternative 5 to 50 25 220 70.4 

1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMP 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire farm basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does not in

3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annu

4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 10 to 70 43 111.8 36  Reduced N fertilization, water management,  and limited wetland restoration/retention

Owner BMP Program 10 to 50 20 4 1 

Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 10 to 60 23 107.8 34 

Water Management and limited Wetland Restoration/Retention

Alternative BMP Program 5 to 50 25 220 70  Water Reuse from Retention/Detention Ponds and Edge-of-System stormwater R/D and Chemical Treatment

BMPS for Transportation Corridors 

N Reduction1 Annual C
B-36 

Assume for Typical Condition

Marginally Maintained Bahia GrassNo Pond retentionExisting N Load 7.92 lbs-N/ac/yrExisting N Concentration 1.40 mg/lAverage Annual Runoff 25.05 in/yr

BMPs Type Initial Cost 

Range Typical of BMP2 per acre 

% % ($/ac ) ($/ac/yr) 

Fertility 

Reduced P Fertilization (testing, placement, and type) Owner 0 to10 5 0 0 

Dry/Wet Retention 0.25" Typical 0 to 20 2 1280 409.6 Wet Restoration Typical 0 to 20 3 1600 512 Dry Detention - Regional Alternative 15 to 35 25 3200 1024 Wet Detention - Regional Alternative 40 to 80 65 4000 1280 1 Estimated values assume no other BMPs applied. Note, combined BMPs will reduce effectiveness of individual BMPs 2 Costs presented on per acre of entire development basis unless otherwise noted. Costs value only include implementation cost, i.e. does no3 The annual cost include amortized capital costs at 10% interest over a twenty-year life span and a 20% per year of capital cost for annual O&4 High O&M CostsTypical/Owner BMP Program 0 to 20 10 6400 2048  Reduced N Fertilization,limited dry/wet retention, and wetland restoration

Owner BMP Program 0 to 10 5 0 0 Reduced N Fertilization Typical BMP Program 5 to 50 5 6400 2048 Selective limited dry/wet retention and Wetland Restoration

Alternative BMP Program 15 to 80 50 3200 1024  Stormwater R/D with Chemical Treatment

BMPs for Communications and Utilities

N Reduction1 Annua