STATE OF LOUISIANA

COURT OF APPEAL

FIRST CIRCUIT

2021 CA 1167

ZILLOW, INC. 

VERSUS

WAYNE BLANCHARD, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS

ASSESSOR FOR THE PARISH OF ASSUMPTION

Judgment Rendered: MAY17 2022

GN

On Appeal from the 23rd Judicial District Court

j In and for the Parish of Assumption

State of Louisiana

t Trial Court No. 38094

Honorable Jason Verdigets, Judge Presiding

Scott L. Sternberg Attorneys for Plaintiff/Appellant, 

Michael S. Finkelstein Zillow, Inc. 

M. Suzanne Montero

Graham Williams

New Orleans, Louisiana

Brian A. Eddington Attorney for Defendant/Appellee, 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana Wayne Blanchard, Assumption Parish

Assessor

BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C. J., PENZATO, AND RESTER, JJ. 
PENZATO, J. 

Zillow, Inc., the plaintiff in this public records proceeding, appeals the trial

court' s May 28, 2021 judgment denying its petition for writ ofmandamus and related

request for attorney fees and costs. For the following reasons, the May 28, 2021

judgment is affirmed. 

On October 27, 2020, Zillow, Inc. made a public records request to

Assumption Parish Assessor Wayne Blanchard requesting " an opportunity to obtain

an electronic copy of the current ( 2020) Assessment File(s) for all parcels in

Assumption Parish." Zillow identified the fields of data it sought to obtain, 

including parcel/ account numbers, owner names, addresses, breakdowns of assessed

and market values, and tax and sales information. Zillow requested that Assessor

Blanchard advise " what information is available, if any cost is associated with this

request, data format ( i.e.: Excel, database, text), media ( CD, FTP, etc.) and

procedure to acquire the files( s)." 

Assessor Blanchard responded the same day, advising that the fee to obtain a

copy ofthe 2020 tax roll is $ 800.00, and that Zillow needs to speak to the Assessor' s

software company, Software & Services, " concerning the technical aspect of the

roll," as Software & Services has to release that information to Zillow. Zillow was

further advised that additional charges would be associated with the release by

Software & Services and was instructed to contact Software & Services to verify

what is included in its file. 

Zillow followed up with Assessor Blanchard on October 29, 2020, inquiring

about what Zillow characterized as an " authorization fee" to acquire the records from

Software & Services. Zillow requested that the " authorization fee" be waived and

that it be allowed to purchase the file from Software & Services for "a fee reflective

of the actual cost of providing the data." Without further communication, Assessor

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Blanchard sent a disc to Zillow on November 3, 2020, containing a PDF ofthe 2020

Assessment File. 

Unsatisfied with this production, Zillow filed a petition for writ of mandamus

in February 2021 against Assessor Blanchard pursuant to La. R.S. 44:35 of the

Louisiana Public Records Law. Zillow maintained that a PDF is not the format it

requested and was not the format it received from Assessor Blanchard in prior years, 

when it paid the Assessor' s " authorization fee without challenge." Zillow urged that

it needs " current data in its native format" and further asserted that the data sought

in the format requested is in the custody of Assessor Blanchard and/ or Software & 

Services. Zillow prayed for an order directing Assessor Blanchard " to produce

copies of the records sought" in its public records request " for a fee reflective of

actual costs of providing an electronic copy." Zillow also prayed for attorney fees

and costs pursuant to La. R.S. 44: 35. Zillow' s October 27, 2020 public records

request, Assessor Blanchard' s October 27th response, and Zillow' s October 29th

follow up regarding the " authorization fee" are attached to and became a part of

Zillow' s petition. See La. C. C.P. art. 853. 

In opposition to Zillow' s mandamus action, Assessor Blanchard asserted that

he provided the assessment record requested by Zillow, i.e., a complete electronic

copy of the 2020 Assumption Parish assessment roll. After the petition for

mandamus was filed, it became apparent to Assessor Blanchard that Zillow wanted

the same information it received in previous years, when Zillow paid Software & 

Services to " create a data file." Via email on March 26, 2021, Wendy Baldwin, 

Administrative Assistant for the Assumption Parish Assessor, advised Zillow that

Assessor Blanchard does not " have the ability to provide the data file" it requested. 

She further explained that Assessor Blanchard no longer authorized Software & 

Services to release " these files" to third parties, such as Zillow, due to concerns over

the release of confidential taxpayer information. Ms. Baldwin offered to have

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Software & Services " extract the information in [the Assessor' s] software and create

a data file in the format" Zillow wants. Ms. Baldwin further explained to Zillow, 

We can provide you with a copy ofthis data file for a fee of $780, which represents

the actual cost we will have to pay Software and Services to create the data file in

the format you want plus the expense to review each parcel listing entry and verify

that no confidential data is included." 

The trial court considered the merits of Zillow' s petition for mandamus on

April 28, 2021. After taking the matter under advisement, the trial court issued

written reasons on May 28, 2021, finding that Zillow was not entitled to mandamus

relief or attorney fees and costs. The trial court accepted Assessor Blanchard' s

uncontroverted assertion that he does not have the data file in the format requested

by Zillow and noted that a public body is not required to create a new document to

satisfy a public records request. Instead, it is only obligated to produce existing

records. The trial court concluded that Assessor Blanchard complied with the

Louisiana Public Records Law by providing "the 2020 Assessment in electronic .pdf

format" to Zillow in November 2020

was signed on May 28, 2021. 1

A judgment in conformity with this ruling

Zillow filed the instant appeal seeking to reverse the May 28, 2021 judgment, 

asserting that the trial court erred by denying its petition for writ of mandamus. 

1 In its petition for mandamus, Zillow also prayed for an award of civil penalties for Assessor

Blanchard' s purportedly arbitrary and capricious failure to produce records for a reasonable fee. 

The judgment is silent on this issue. In its brief to this court, Zillow states that this claim was

withdrawn prior to judgment. This is not evident from the record. However, to the extent the claim

remained viable when judgment was rendered, we note that " silence in a judgment of the district

court as to any issue, claim, or demand placed before the court is deemed a rejection ofthe claim

and the relief sought is presumed to be denied." Unisys Corporation v. Louisiana Office ofMotor

Vehicles Through Hodges, 2018-0556 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 12/ 28/ 18), 270 So.3d 637, 654. 

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DISCUSSION

Public Records Law and Standard of Review

The Public Records Law provides that any person who has been denied the

right to obtain a copy or reproduction of a record may institute proceedings for the

issuance of a writ of mandamus, injunctive or declaratory relief, together with

attorney fees, costs, and damages. La. R.S. 44: 35(A). The court has jurisdiction to

issue a writ of mandamus ordering the production of any records improperly

withheld from the person seeking disclosure. The court shall determine the matter

de novo, and the burden is on the custodian to sustain his action. La. R.S. 44: 35( B). 

An appellate court reviews a trial court' s judgment on a writ of mandamus

under an abuse of discretion standard, but applies the manifest error standard of

review to all findings of fact. Odoms v. Cammon, 2021- 0828 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 

3/ 3/ 22), 2022 WL 620773, * 3 ( unpublished). 

Zillow' s Assignments of Error

On appeal, Zillow asserts that the trial court erroneously gave " credit" to

argument made by Assessor Blanchard' s counsel that the requested data file is not

in his possession.' It maintains that, by " holding that the Assessor would have to

create a new document, the trial court assumed a fact completely unsupported by

evidence." Contrary to this assertion, we conclude that the evidence sufficiently

established that a data file must be created to satisfy Zillow' s request, and Zillow

failed to introduce evidence to rebut this showing. 

During the trial court proceeding, Zillow introduced Ms. Baldwin' s March 26, 

2021 email, discussed above, into evidence. Ms. Baldwin, responding in her

capacity as Administrative Assistant in the Assumption Parish Assessor' s Office, 

Zillow uses various terms to identify the requested record, such as document, assessment

database in its native format, text file, and electronic record. For ease of reference and based on

the description of the record at issue, we refer to the item sought by Zillow as a " data file." 

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stated multiple times that Software & Services must " create" the requested data file.3

Zillow also introduced Assessor Blanchard' s April 2021 responses to its requests for

admission, wherein he again repeatedly stated that Software & Services has the

ability to " create a data record in the format requested" by Zillow. Assessor

Blanchard explained in his responses that, in previous years, he authorized Software

Services to access the database maintained by his office and to " create" and

release a data record in the format requested by Zillow. However, he no longer

authorizes Software & Services to access the assessment database for the purposes

of "creating data records" for direct release to third parties due to confidentiality

concerns. 

On appeal, Zillow argues that neither Assessor Blanchard nor Software & 

Services need to create anything, because the data file it seeks already exists. Zillow

makes various assertions concerning the nature of the data file, its purported

existence, and the simplicity of producing it. However, Zillow offered no evidence

to establish these facts or to rebut Assessor Blanchard' s evidence that a new file

must be created to satisfy Zillow' s request. Argument of counsel and briefs, no

matter how artful, are not evidence. Seale & Ross, P.L.C. v. Holder, 2019- 1487 ( La. 

App. 1st Cir. 8/ 3/ 20), 310 So.3d 195, 204. 

The Third Circuit Court of Appeal recently rejected a similar argument made

by Zillow. In Zillow, Inc. v. Taylor, 2021- 739 (La. App. 3d Cir. 3/ 30/22) --- So.3d

2022 WL 946615, Zillow submitted a public records request to Catahoula Parish

Assessor Matt Taylor to obtain assessment records in their native format. Through

documentary evidence and testimony, Assessor Taylor established that he does not

have the capability to generate a database of the native data that Zillow requested. 

Id. at * 1. Software & Services, the Catahoula Parish Assessor' s software vendor, 

3 Ms. Baldwin' s email was attached as an exhibit to Assessor Blanchard' s memorandum in

opposition to Zillow' s petition for writ of mandamus. However, Zillow introduced the email into

evidence before the trial court. 

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has this capability, but Assessor Taylor explained that he intended to charge a higher

fee for the production of the requested data than he had in prior years " due to the

amount ofwork that goes into creating the data." Id. at * 1- 2. ( Emphasis added.) To

refute this, Zillow relied on an " inference that ifthe assessor can produce an image

of a text — a . pdf file — then he can also produce the underlying text." Id. at * 4. 

Zillow offered only argument to establish that Assessor Taylor had access to the

requested data file in its native format.4 The court noted, " The flaw in its argument

is that direct testimony indicated that Mr. Taylor does not have access to the native

data." Id. (Emphasis original.) Thus, Zillow failed to rebut its opponent' s evidence, 

and the court concluded that Assessor Taylor satisfied Zillow' s public records

request by producing the assessment as a PDF. Id. at * 4- 5. 

Zillow relies on the same unsupported inference here to support its argument

that the data file at issue already exists and is in Assessor Blanchard' s possession or

control.' However, as with any other adversarial proceeding, Zillow was required

to produce evidence to support its position and, particularly, to refute its opponent' s

evidence once Assessor Blanchard satisfied his burden of proof. See Zillow, Inc. v. 

Taylor, --- So.3d ---, 2022 WL, 946615 at * 4. The only evidence in the record

4 This court recently considered a similar matter in Zillow, Inc. v. Gardner, 2021- 1172 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 4/ 8/ 22), --- So. 3d ---, 2022 WL 1052232. There, the documentary evidence established

that the East Feliciana Parish Assessor only possessed the assessment as a PDF. This court rejected Zillow' s assertion that the East Feliciana Assessor should be ordered to have Software & Services

create the assessment record in the text file format to satisfy Zillow' s request and concluded that

the Assessor satisfied Zillow' s public records request by producing an electronic ( PDF) copy of the requested assessment. Id. at *

2/ 2/ 22), 6. See also Zillow, Inc. v. Bealer, 2021- 545 ( La. App. 3d Cir. 333 So. 3d 854, 861- 62, writ denied, 2022- 00378 ( La. 5/ 10/ 22) --- So. 3d ---, wherein the testimony and evidence adduced similarly established that Software & Services was capable of

creating the requested data file but that it did not yet exist. Again, the court concluded that the

Vernon Parish Assessor had no duty to create a new document and satisfied Zillow' s public records

request by producing a PDF of the requested assessment. Id. at 862- 63. 

5 Zillow further asserts that the data file is in Assessor Blanchard' s control because he admits that Software & 

behind" Services is capable of producing it. It argues that Assessor Blanchard may not " hide his third -party vendor. However, as noted, the unrebutted evidence establishes that Software & Services must create the data file. Since the requested data file does not yet exist, the issue of whether the file would be a public record if maintained by Software & Services is not before us. See Russell v. Cantrelle, 2019- 0815 ( La. App. 1st Cir. 5/ 11/ 20), 303 So. 3d 1081, 1086

courts will not decide abstract or hypothetical controversies or render advisory opinions with respect to such controversies). For the same reason, we do not address the appropriate fee that may be charged to obtain the data file. 

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establishes that the data file must be created. It is well-settled that the custodian

need only produce or make available for copying, reproduction, or inspection the

existing records containing the requested information and is not required to create

new documents in the format requested. Williams Law Firm v. Board ofSupervisors

ofLouisiana State University, 2003- 0079 (La. App. 1st Cir. 4/2/ 04), 878 So.2d 557, 

563. For this reason, we agree with the trial court that Assessor Blanchard had no

duty to create a new record and that he satisfied Zillow' s public records request by

producing an electronic copy (PDF) ofthe 2020 Assessment. 

Finally, Zillow also asserts that the trial court erred in holding that the data

file is not a public record. This purported holding is not reflected in the judgment or

the written reasons, which explain the basis for the trial court' s judgment. To the

contrary, the trial court concluded that the assessment is a public record, which was

properly produced to Zillow, but it did not reach the issue of whether the data file, 

which Assessor Blanchard proved does not exist, is a public record. Thus, we find

no merit in this argument or in Zillow' s assertion that the trial court erred by denying

its petition for mandamus. 

We also agree with the trial court' s denial ofZillow' s request for attorney fees

and costs. Louisiana Revised Statutes 44:35(D) provides that a person seeking the

right to receive or obtain a copy or reproduction of a public record, who prevails in

such suit, shall be awarded reasonable attorney fees and other costs of litigation. 

Since Zillow has not prevailed in its suit, it is not entitled to such an award. 

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the May 28, 2021 judgment denying

Zillow, Inc' s petition for writ of mandamus against Assumption Parish Assessor

Wayne Blanchard and further denying Zillow' s request for attorney fees and costs

pursuant to La. R.S. 44: 35. All costs ofthis appeal are assessed against Zillow, Inc. 

AFFIRMED. 

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