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Aboveground Weight and Volume of

Forest Service Unthinned, Planted Longleaf Pine

Southern Forest

Experiment Station

on West Gulf Forest Sites _

New Orleans,

Louisiana

Research Paper

so-1 91

June, 1983

V. C. Baldwin, Jr. and J. R. Saucier

Bole Weight

Branch Weight

+

Foliage Weight
SUMMARY

Volume (cubic foot) and weight predictions (green and dry) are presented

in equations and tables for aboveground total tree and tree components of

unthinned, planted iongleaf pine trees. The 111 sample trees, from 10 stands

in Louisiana and Texas, were 10 to 44 years old and ranged from 1 to 21

inches dbh. The data for saplings (dbh < 5 inches) were analyzed separately

from that of commercial sized trees (dbh >_ 5 inches). The linearized allometric model utilizes the variable D2H (squared diameter at breast height

multipled by total tree height) to predict volumes and weights of tree

components in two size classes.
Aboveground Weight

INTRODUCTION

and Volume of Unthinned, Planted Longleaf Pine

on West Gulf Forest Sites

V. C. Baldwin, Jr. and J. R. Saucier

Increased demand for wood fiber and developing

markets for wood fuel have prompted interest in

utilization of the total tree, not only the “merchantable” bole. Accurate estimates of the weight and

volume of trees and tree components are needed for

various species to provide forest managers with silvicultural and utilization possibilities.

This paper presents equations to predict aboveground weight and volume of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees and tree components in unthinned

plantations within the West Gulf region. Preliminary

weight and volume equations based on the data

used for the model developments discussed herein

were published earlier (Baldwin and Saucier 1982).

These data were also used to develop bole taper

equations (Baldwin and Polmer 1981). Biomass prediction equations have been developed for sawtimbersized longleaf pine in uneven-aged natural stands

(Taras and Clark 1977) and for saplings from young

even-aged stands (Edwards and McNab 1979,198l).

Data

Stand-characteristic information collected from

111 trees located in 10 unthinned plantations in

Louisiana and Texas appears in tables 1 and 2. Trees

were selectively chosen over a l- to 21-inch dbh

range, placed in one of three height classes,’ and

finally into one of three crown ratio classes.2 The dis-

‘Discrete total height distributions were determined prior to

sampling, based on the trees previously measured from all

10 study plantations combined. The height range in each

diameter class was divided into three classes designated as

short, medium, and tall. Thus the heights and range of

heights varied within each diameter class, with each height

class representing a particular one-third of the available

range of heights.

*Crown ratio (in percent) is defined as (100) (length of full

live crown) /(total height of tree). The crown ratio (CR)

classes were: CR < 36 percent, 36 percent 5 CR 2 50 percent, CR > 50 percent.

. .

tribution of the sample trees by dbh, crown ratio,

height, and age is presented in table 3. Sample trees

were free from forking, excessive sweep, and any observable effects of disease or mechanical damage

causing atypical characteristics.

Total height, dbh, height to base of live crown, and

vertical crown width projection were measured for

each tree. The trees were then felled. Crowns were

divided into thirds lengthwise and one branch was

cut from each section. Branches were chosen to represent average foliage appearance for each crown position class. After removal, foliage, wood and bark

subsamples from these branches were bagged for subsequent analysis. The remaining limbs were removed

from the bole, and segregated into six branch categories: extra large (2 4.0 inches dob), large (2 2.0

inches and < 4.0 inches dob), medium (2 0.5 inches

and < 2.0 inches dob) , small ( < 0.5 inch dob), foliage,

and dead branches.

Measurements of dib and dob were taken at l-inch

taper steps along the bole of each tree to the l-inch

top. Boles with dbh 2 5 inches were cut at right

angles to the stem axis into at least seven sections,

with cuts always made at dbh, at l/4, l/2, and 3/4 of

the length to the 4-inch dob top, and at the points

where dob was 4 inches and 2 inches. Boles of trees

with dbh < 5 inches were cut into at least five sections. Cuts were made at dbh and at points 1/4, $4,

and 3/4 of the total length of the tree. The stem tip

in either case was considered to be part of the bole.

After sectioning, each section of the tree was

weighed in the field to the nearest 0.1 pound. Following weighing, disks to be analyzed for subsequent

moisture content,, specific gravity, and bark percent

determinations were removed from the butt, from

each bucking point as discussed above, and from each

of the three sample branches. A sample of needles

was also selected for determination of needle moisture content. These samples were individually placed

in marked polyethylene bags and stored in a cooler

for later laboratory analysis.

The laboratory and volume estimating procedures

described by Taras and Clark (1977) were used.

V. C. Baldwin, Jr. and J. R. Saucier are Principal Mensurationist and Principal Wood Scientist, respectively. with the USDA,

Forest Service. Baldwin is with the Southern Forest Experiment Station, Pineville, LA., and Saucier is with the Southeastern

Forest Experiment Station, Athens, GA.

I
Table L-Distribution of sample trees with respect to site index (base age ,%I), age, and

planting density of the stands from which the trees were cut

Site index

60-69 7&79 80-89 90-99 100-109 110-119

. .

Age at cut

years ______-___-_------__________number of trees_----_---_------____________

lo-20 10 0 0 0 0 0

21-30 0 0 0 11 14 22

31-40 0 0 21 0 8 9

41-50 0 0 16 0 0 0

Planting density

trees/acre

O-500 0 0 16 0 0 0

501-1000 10 0 0 0 0 9

1001-1500 0 0 21 11 22 12

1501-2000 0 0 0 0 0 10

Table P.-Distribution of sample trees with respect to age, planting density, and density

at time of cutting

Age at cut O-500

Planting density

501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000

years

1620

21-30

3140

41-50

---~--_-____-_-_-_---------- number of trees_-_________-______--_______.

0 10 0 0

0 0 37 10

0 9 29 0

16 0 0 0

Density at cut

O-200 20 l-400 401-600 601-800 801-1000

10-20

21-30

31-40

41-50

------------------__-------number of trees___________________----------

0 10 0 0 0

0 0 25 12 10

21 17 0 0 0

16 0 0 0 0

Analysis

Tree and individual tree component weights and

volumes were fitted to the linearized form of the

allometric model:

log Y = b, + bl log (D2H) (I)

where Y = the weight or volume variable of interest,

D = tree dbh in inches

H = total height in feet

log = base 10 logarithm

b,, bl = coefficients estimated from the data.

The b,, coefficient of the various component equations was corrected for bias occurring when transforming log Y to Y (Finney 1941, Baskerville 1972,

Flewelling and Pienaar 1981) by using the procedure

given in Yandle and Wiant (1981). For simplicity,

model (1) was used to predict all tree components

and to provide direct comparability of our equations

with some of those published earlier for natural longleaf pine (Taras and Clark 1977).

Also, the following supporting statistics, most of

which were suggested by Schlaegel (1982)) were calculated for all model (1) equations and are provided

in this paper to make our results suitable for comparison with other published results which may utilize different weight and volume prediction models:

l Coefficient of determination (r2) for logarithmic

equation

- Fit index (FI)”

3FI = 1-[2(Yi-$i)2/2(Yi-Y2)]. The fit index which is calculated in actual units is similar to rs and is used to judge

linear equation efficiency when the dependent variable has

been transformed (Farrar 1978).

2
Table 3.-Distribution of the sample trees by diameter, live crown ratio. height and age

Dbh Age

class Mean Range

in

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

---- srs ---- _____ ft ----.- ____-_---_-_---__-__----_-~------- number of trees -----------

26 25-27 13 12-14 3 0 1 2 1

23 1040 19 15-23 8 3 2 3 2

27 23-40 34 2046 7 2 2 3 2

24 22-25 44 33-54 6 1 3 2 2

24 22-27 47 36-58 6 2 3 1 2

28 2240 51 33-66 6 2 3 1 3

26 2240 60 44-70 7 1 4 2 1

30 22-40 70 58-79 6 0 3 3 2

28 2240 69 57-83 8 3 1 4 1

33 2340 77 73-85 8 1 2 5 3

35 2244 76 62-87 8 1 4 3 2

30 2240 79 65-86 5 1 1 3 0

33 2340 79 71-87 6 1 2 3 1

39 23-44 81 74-90 6 0 2 4 0

37 2%44 82 7w35 5 0 1 4 0

42 40-44 77 69-88 5 2 1 2 0

44 40-44 78 70-90 5 1 3 1 0

43 4044 83 79-86 2 0 1 1 0

43 4044 75 72-78 3 1 2 0 0

44 44' 83 83 1 0 0 1 0

Totals 111 22 41 48 22 46 43

Total height

-

Mean Range

Total

trees

Distribution by height class” Distribution by crown ratio class

Short Medium Tall CR<36% 36%7,CR<50% CR>50% 1

2 0

3 3

2 3

2 2

1 3

0 3

3 3

3 1

6 1

5 0

3 3

2 3

3 2

3 3

4 1

3 2

1 4

0 2

0 3

0 1

*Short trees: lower one-third of the height range of all measured trees in a given dbh class within the study plantations.

Medium trees: middle one-third of the height range. Tall trees: upper one-third of the height range.

l Standard errors of estimate (S,.,) based on residuals both before and after transformation to

actual (arithmetic) units

* Coefficient of Variation (CV) of predictions in

actual units

- Mean percent standard error (s( % ) ) 4 of predictions in actual units

l Component means and sample sizes, and

l Means and corrected sums of squares for log

D2H.

The data for saplings (dbh < 5 inches) were analyzed separately from those of commercial sized

trees (dbh 2 5 inches) to provide more precise equations in each class and to make the results more comparable with existing published equations. Results

are presented for each size class.

Bole equations were developed to predict green

and dry weight and cubic foot volume for the total

bole from stump to O-inch top. Bole weight or volume

from stump to any top diameter limit between seven

and zero inches is estimated for commercial sized

4s (%) =%p[Yi-Gi/Gi] when Yi and Gi are measured

and predicted quantities in actual units and n is the number

of observations (Meyer 1938).

trees using a ratio model similar to one proposed by

Burkhart (1977) and recently utilized for biomass

prediction by Taras (1980) :

R = 1 + ,& [DtP2/D2H)fi3] (2)

where D = dbh in inches

H = total height in feet

Dt = top diameter (outside bark) in inches

R = weight or volume, to top diameter Dt,

divided by total bole weight or volume,

respectively

pi = constants estimated from the data

The Pi were estimated using nonlinear regression

techniques.

RESULTS

Biomass characteristics of the sample trees and

their components, summarized below, are presented

in detail in Appendix Tables 39 through 43.

For the sapling sized trees, the proportions of total

green weight in wood, bark, and foliage averaged 69,

20, and 11 percent, respectively, while on a dry

weight basis the proportions were 68, 23, and 9 percent. For commercial sized trees (dbh 2 5 inches),

these proportions were 83, 12, and 5 percent on a

3
green weight basis, and 82,14, and 4 percent on a dry

weight basis.

When commercial sized trees are considered composed of merchantable bole (stump to 4-inch top)

and crown (bole 4-inch to tip plus branches and foliage), the proportions of the bole and the crown were

77 and 23 percent, respectively, on a green basis and

the dry weight proportions were 78 and 22 percent.

Considering the crown as a whole in commercial

sized trees, the proportion of green weight in branchwood (including bole tip), branchbark (including

bole tip bark), and foliage was 57, 21, and 22 percent,

respectively. The respective proportions of the crown

on a dry weight basis were 58, 23, and 19 percent.

The proportion of the bole biomass in commercialsized trees, to the B-inch dob top was 63 percent of

the green weight and 74 percent of the dry weight.

The pulpwood proportions (g-inch to 4-inch top)

were 18 percent of the total bole green weight and

8 percent of the bole dry weight.

Of the total bole weight to the 4-inch top of commercial size trees, wood represented 74 percent of the

total weight in both the green and dry condition.

Average wood and bark specific gravity, moisture

content, and green weight per cubic foot (green density) in the total commercial and sapling sized trees

are summarized below and presented in more detail

in appendix table 38:

Mean

Commercial tree wood

specific gravity .500

Commercial tree bark

specific gravity .389

Sapling tree wood specific gravity .479

Sapling tree bark specific gravity .353

Commercial tree wood

moisture content 110

Commercial tree bark

moisture content 90

Sapling tree wood

moisture content 126

Sapling tree bark

moisture content 99

Commercial tree wood

green density 65.27

Commercial tree bark

green density 45.99

Range

.437-.561

.324-.461

.407-.547

.263-.42-l

76- 142

63- 124

loo- 166

71- 156

59.30- 68.64

36.35- 54.62

Sapling tree wood green density 67.21 64.1% 70.22

Sapling tree bark green density 43.30 36.89- 51.10

Estimates of the coefficients b,, and bl for model

(1) are presented in table 4 for predicting green and

dry weight and cubic foot volume of the total tree,

total bole, and total crown; and of wood only, wood

plus bark, and foliage subcomponents for sapling and

commercial sized trees. Selected tables, prepared

Table 4.-Regression coefficient’s for predicting weight and volume1 of longleaf pine tree components; log Y = b, + b, log

DsH:

Component

Total tree wood, bark and foliage

Total tree wood and bark

Total tree wood

Total bole wood and bark

Total bole wood

Crown2 wood, bark and foliage

Crown wood and bark

Crown wood

Green weight (pounds)

b, b,

-0.64745 0.98442

-0.75522 1.00514

-0.92239 1.03167

-0.66098 0.96407

-0.81664 0.99139

-0.81900 0.86637

-1.09334 0.90495

-1.28969 0.91829

Trees 2 5 inches dbh

Dry weight (pounds)

b, b,

-1.06186 1.00853

-1.15588 1.02700

-1.33916 1.05605

-1.07630 0.98996

-1.24531 1.01912

-1.26878 0.89268

-1.52243 0.93058

-1.74083 0.94746

Trees < 5 inches dbh

Volume (cubic feet)

b, b,

-2.52214 0.99928

-2.77009 1.04013

-2.44693 0.96225

-2.67764 1.00313

-2.80386 0.88844

-3.07359 0.91122

Total tree wood, bark and foliage -0.24556 0.85263 -0.65729 0.88019

Total tree wood and bark -0.31359 0.85584 -0.71944 0.88503 -2.04397

Total tree wood -0.57024 0.91174 -1.00303 0.94609 -2.39317

Total bole wood and bark -0.35931 0.85567 -0.76622 0.88506 -2.09552

Total bole wood -0.59626 0.91007 -1.02731 0.94468 -2.42121

‘Average stump height for the data trees was 0.4 ft for trees 2 5 0 inches dbh and 0.1 ft for the smaller trees.

sThe crown consists of all lateral branches and the bole from 4-inch dob to the tip.

0.83808

0.91019

0.83821

0.90837

4
Table 5.-Supporting statistics for the fitted longleaf pine volume and weight prediction equations based on log Y = b, + b,

log D2H’

Tree component (Y) Y

Mean SY.X2 rss siy.x4 ~15 cvs S(%)'

._

-

Trees 2 5.0 inches dbh

Total tree wood, bark, foliage green weight

Total tree wood, bark, foliage dry weight

Total tree wood and bark green weight

Total tree wood and bark dry weight

Total tree wood green weight

Total tree wood dry weight

Total bole wood and bark green weight

Total bole wood and bark dry weight

Total bole wood green weight

Total bole wood dry weight

Crowns wood, bark, foliage green weight

Crown wood, bark, foliage dry weight

Crown wood and bark green weight

Crown wood and bark dry weight

Crown wood green weight

Crown wood dry weight

2222.7 .05796 .98 273.2 .97 12.3 -.020

1077.9 .04895 .98 110.9 .98 10.3 -.014

2111.6 .05146 .98 239.1 .98 11.3 -.021

1034.4 .04596 .98 99.7 .98 9.6 -.014

1846.8 .04591 .98 199.5 .98 10.8 -.029

892.1 .04655 .98 86.2 .98 9.7 -.023

1749.5 .04511 .98 148.3 .98 8.5 -.023

860.1 .04796 .98 81.1 .98 9.4 -.023

1583.6 .04745 .98 153.1 .98 9.7 -.035

767.7 .05164 .98 85.1 .97 11.1 -.035

509.8 .18371 .76 277.2 .69 54.4 .045

233.5 .18340 .77 128.8 .69 55.2 ,007

398.7 .19854 .74 250.3 .65 62.8 -.164

190.1 .19882 .75 119.3 .66 62.8 -.187

291.7 .21277 .72 202.8 .62 69.5 .183

136.6 .21569 .73 94.3 .63 69.1 -.243

Total tree wood and bark cubic foot volume

Total tree wood cubic foot volume

Total bole wood and bark cubic foot volume

Total bole wood cubic foot volume

Crown wood and bark cubic foot volume

Crown wood cubic foot volume

cu ft

34.15

28.40

28.16

24.37

6.59

4.47

Trees < 5.0 inches dbh lbs

Total tree wood, bark, foliage green weight 95.3

Total tree wood, bark, foliage dry weight 44.5

Total tree wood and bark green weight 84.7

Total tree wood and bark dry weight 40.4

Total tree wood green weight 67.7

Total tree wood dry weight 31.5

Total bole wood and bark green weight 76.9

Total bole wood and bark dry weight 36.7

Total bole wood green weight 63.6

Total bole wood dry weight 29.7

Total tree wood and bark cubic foot volume

Total tree wood cubic foot volume

Total bole wood and bark cubic foot volume

Total bole wood cubic foot volume

cu ft

1.4

1.0

1.3

0.9

lbs lbs ________k ____-_-

.04836 .98

.04627 .98

.04282 .98

.04710 .98

.19185 .75

.20774 .73

cu ft

3.45

2.77

2.34

2.49

3.92

3.01

.98 10.1 -.017

.98 9.7 -.031

.98 8.3 -.019

.98 10.2 -.034

.67 59.5 -.177

.63 67.5 -.159

.08619 .97

.07436 .98

.05735 .98

.05961 .98

.05490 .99

.06142 .99

.04822 .99

.05783 .98

.05388 .99

.06351 .98

lbs

20.57

8.69

13.08

6.71

10.75

5.65

11.17

6.47

10.12

5.75

.94 21.6 -.085

.95 19.5 -.052

.97 15.4 -.059

.97 16.6 -.058

.97 15.9 -.056

.97 17.9 -.084

.97 14.5 -.035

.96 17.6 -.036

.97 15.9 --.040

.96 19.4 -.077

.06439 .98

.05451 .99

.05090 .99

.05365 .99

cu ft

.232

.154

.172

.142

.97 16.5 -.075

.97 15.3 --.056

.98 13.7 -.047

.98 15.2 -644

‘Equations for trees 2 5.0 inches dbh based on 83 trees with mean log D2H = 3.92709 and corrected sums of squares of log

DzH = 11.32132; equations for trees < 5.0 inches dbh based on 28 treles with mean log DsH = 2.35059 and corrected sums of

squares of log D2H = 9.68978; log z common logarithm to the base 10, D = dbh in inches, H E total height in feet.

2%.x = standard error of the estimate for the log form of the equation.

3r2 = Coefficient of determination for the log form of the equation.

4s*y,x II Standard error of the estimate in actual units.

5FI - 1 - [8(Yi-Yi)s/S(Yi-Y)2] = Fit index where Yi (observation), Gi (predicted observation) and Y (mean of the observations) are in actual units.

WV = Coefficient of variation (in percent) expressed in actual units.

7S(%) = (lOO/n)z[ (Y,-Yi)/Yi] = Percent standard error where Yi and Yi are in actual units.

sThe crown consists of all lateral branches plus the bole from 4-inch dob top to the tip.
Table 6.-Longleaf pine ratio parameter estimates for calculating the proportion of

weight or volume of the merchantable bole to total bole: R = 1 + pI [Dt ss/

(DsH) ss]

Ratio Bl I92 83 S

tt

Y.X SC%)'

Green weight wood and bark -6.80342 2.97184 1.04751 .03922 .283

Dry weight wood and bark -7.96452 2.85319 1.05874 .03816 .307

Green weight wood -7.11931 3.13434 1.09043 .03938 .291

Dry weight wood -8.51870 3.01905 1.10385 .03845 .319

Cubic foot volume wood and bark -7.19490 2.89957 1.04094 .03977 .298

Cubic foot volume wood -7.72150 3.10152 1.09346 .04031 .312

‘R = (merchantable bole to any outside bark diameter less than or equal to 7 inches)/

(total bole) .

**Standard error of estimate based on nonlinear regression analysis.

‘Mean percent standard error.

.I

using the appropriate transformed equations from

table 4, are presented in appendix tables 7 to 37.

The coefficients required for application of model

(2) to estimate merchantable bole weight or volume

for commercial sized trees are given in table 6. Green

weight, dry weight, or volume (wood only or wood

plus bark) is found by multiplying the appropriate

ratio estimate obtained from model (2) with the corresponding total bole weight or volume estimate obtained frommodel (1). For example, the green weight

of the wood from stump to 4-inch dob top for a tree

70 feet tall with dbh of 15 inches is obtained by first

predicting the total bole green weight by using model

(1) and the proper coefficients from table 4 or by

reading directly from table 15:

log Y = -.81664 + 0.99139 log (15 X 15 X 70) =

3.344502

Y = lOlog Y z 10 3.344502 = 2211 pounds

Then the ratio factor is obtained from model (2)

using the appropriate coefficient estimates from

table 6:

R = 1 - 7.11931 [43.*3434/(15 X 15 X 70)1.0g043] =

.98546

Finally, the predicted green weight of the merchantable bole from stump to 4-inch top is the product

(R)(Y) = .98546(2211) = 2179 pounds

Note that the answer of 2178 pounds is given directly

in table 17. The one pound discrepancy in the estimates is due to the rounding up to the nearest pound

of the total bole green weight.

Further examples of equation and table use are

given in the appendix.

The supporting statistics for the coefficient estimates for model (1) are contained in table 5. They

indicate an overall excellent fit of the data to the

allometric model, utilizing D’H as predictors, except

for the crown components. Better crown component

weight and volume prediction models have been reported (e.g., Brown 1978, Ek 1979)) but they require

additional measurements of the crown or upper bole

and their utilization would have negated our previously stated objectives of simplicity and comparability with other published work with longleaf pine.

Most of the “goodness of fit” statistics commonly

used with linear models are not appropriate for nonlinear models. Thus table 6 only presents standard

error and mean percent standard error statistics for

the fitted equations utilizing model (2). These statistics, and a graphical analysis of measured versus

predicted ratios for the six different prediction equations, indicated good fits were obtained over the

range of ratios used in the fitting process (from

7-inch to O-inch outside bark top diameters). The

reader is cautioned against making estimates for bole

weights or volumes to merchantable ,top diameters

much greater than 7 inches outside bark.

Although evidence was presented earlier (Baldwin

and Saucier 1982) that some of the weight and volume estimates presented herein might not differ

greatly from estimates for natural longleaf pine

grown under an uneven-aged management system in

southern Alabama, indiscriminate application of

these equations in stands other than unthinned plantations in the West Gulf Region is not recommended.

Components of trees with the same dbh and total

height (especially the crown components) may vary

considerably in weight and volume because of variation in physical and morphological characteristics.

LITERATURE CITED

Baldwin, V. C., Jr.; Polmer, B. H. Taper functions

for unthinned longleaf pine plantations on cutover

West Gulf sites. In: Barnett, James P., ed. Proceedings, First Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference; 6-7 November 1980; Atlanta,

GA. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-34. New Orleans, LA:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Southern Forest Experiment Station; 1981: 156-

163.

6
Baldwin, V. C. Jr.; Saucier, J. R. Weight and volume

prediction of unthinned, planted longleaf pine. In:

Gresham, Charles A., ed. Proceedings, 1981 Southern Forest Biomass Workshop; Proceedings of the

third meeting of the southern forest biomass working group; 11-12 June 1981; Georgetown, SC.

Georgetown, SC: The Belle W. Baruch Forest Science Institute of Clemson University; 1982: 27-38.

Baskerville, G. L. Use of logarithmic regression in the

estimation of plant biomass. Canadian J. Forest

Res. 2: 49-53; 1972.

Brown, J. K. Weight and density of crowns of Rocky

Mountain conifers. Res. Pap. INT-197. Ogden,

UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment

Station; 1978. 56 p.

Burkhart, H. E. Cubic-foot volume of loblolly pine

to any merchantable top limit. Southern J. Applied

Forestry l(2) : 7-9; 1977.

Edwards, M. B.; McNab, W. H. Biomass prediction

for young southern pines. 6. Forestry 77: 291-292;

1979.

Edwards, M. B.; McNab, W. H. Biomass prediction

for young southern pines-an addendum. J. Forestry 79: 291; 1981.

Ek, A. R1 A model for estimating branch weight and

branch leaf weight in biomass studies. Forest Science 25: 303-306; 1979.

Farrar, R. M., Jr. Silvicultural implications of the

growth response of naturally regenerated evenaged stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.)

to varying stand age, site quality, and density and

certain stand structure measures. Athens, GA:

University of Georgia; 1978. 132 p. Dissertation.

Finney, D. J. On the distribution of a variate whose

logarithm is normally distributed. J. Royal Statistical Society Supplement VII; 1941: 155-161.

Flewelling, J. W.; Fienaar, L. V. Multiplicative regression with lognormal errors. Forest Science 27:

281-289; 1981.

Meyer, H. A. The standard error of estimate of tree

volume from the logarithmic volume equation. J.

Forestry 36: 340-342; 1938.

Schlaegel, B. E. Testing, reporting, and using biomass

estimation models. In: Gresham, Charles A., ed.

Proceedings, 1981 Southern Forest Biomass Workshop; Proceedings of the third meeting of the

southern forest biomass working group; 11-12

June 1981; Georgetown, SC. Georgetown, SC: The

Belle W. Baruch Forest Science Institute of Clemson University; 1982: 95-112.

Taras, M. A.; Clark A. III. Aboveground biomass of

longleaf pine in a natural sawtimber stand in

southern Alabama. Res. Pap. SE-162. Asheville,

NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station;

1977. 32 p.

Taras, M. A. Aboveground biomass of Choctawhatthee sand pine in northwest Florida. Res. Pap.

SE-210. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station; 1980. 23 p.

Yandle, D. 0.; Wiant, H. V., Jr. Biomass estimates

based on the simple power function-some calculation considerations. In: Brann, T. B., House,

L. O., Lund, G. H., Eds. Proceedings, In-Place Resource Inventories: Principles and Practices Workshop; 9-14 August 1981; Orono, ME. University

of Maine, 1982: 350-354.

APPENDIX

EXAMPLES OF EQUATION AND

TABLE USE

In this section, a few examples are given to illustrate use of Equations 1 and 2 and the tables presented. Assume an unthinned planted longleaf pine

with diameter at breast height (D) equal to 17.7

inches and total height (H) equal to 86 feet.

To calculate, for example, total green weight of the

wood, bark and foliage using Equation 1 and the

coefficients from table 4:

log Y = b, + bl log D2H

= -0.64745 + 0.98442 log (17.7 X 17.7 X

86)

= -0.64745 + 0.98442 log (26942.94)

= -0.64745 + 0.98442 (4.43044)

= -0.64745 + 4.36142

= 3.71397

Y = 103.713g7 = 5,176 pounds

To calculate total green weight of the foliage, for

example, we must first calculate total green weight

of the wood and bark and then obtain the foliage

weight estimate by subtracting the green wood and

bark estimate from the green wood, bark and foliage

estimate already obtained:

log Y = b, + br log D2H

= -0.75522 + 1.00514 log (17.7 X 17.7 X

86)

7
= -0.75522 + 1.00514 log (26942.94)

= -0.75522 + 1.00514 (4.43044)

= -0.75522 + 4.45322

= 3.69800

Y = lO:i.fi’JX”n ::. 4,989 pounds

Therefore, estimated green foliage weight. is 5176 -

4989 = 187 pounds.

Merchantable bole wood and bark volume to a

7-inch dob top, for example, is obtained by first calculating the total bole wood and bark volume from

model (1) using the appropriate coefficients from

table 4:

log Y = b,, + b, log D”H

= -2.44693 + 0.96225 log (17.7 X 17.7 X

86)

= -2.44693 + 0.96225 log (26942.94)

= -2.44693 + 0.96225 (4.43044)

= -2.44693 + 4.26319

= 1.81626

Y z lO’.‘X162fi = 65.5 cubic feet.

Then the ratio factor is obtained from model (2)

using the appropriate coefficient estimates from

table 6:

R =I 1 + j3, [D,‘S2/(DzH)~:r]

z:: l-7.19490 [72-““““‘/26,942.94’.“4n~] .I

r l-7.19490[282.11159/40,909.80427]

LL l-7.19490 [.00690]

= l-.04962

z- .95038

Lastly, the predicted cubic foot volume of the merchantablc; bole wood and bark from stump to 7-inch

dob top is:

(R) (Y) 1-z .95038 (65.5) --: 62.3 cubic feet

The prediction for the wood and bark cubic foot

volume to a 7-inch dob top for the same tree using

table 31 (l&inch dbh class and 90 foot height class)

is 67.4 cubic feet.

Table 7.--Predicted green weight of total tree wood, bark and foliage of west gulf plantation longleaf

pines

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

inches ---____________---_---_------_-_____-_---poun~_________---__________-----_--__--_-______

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

i 1; I+, ;I::

986 1180 ] 1373 1566 1759

1190 1423 1657 1889 2122

1412 1689 - 1966 2242 2518

1978 2302 2625 2948

2288 2663 3038 3411

2621 3051 3480 3907

2977 3464 3951 4437

3354 3904 4452 4999

3753 4368 4982 5595

4175 4859 5542

4619 5376 1 6131

r- 6223

6884

1951

2354

2793

3270

3784

4334

4922

5546

6206

6903

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.64745 + 0.98442 log (DZH)
Table B.-Predicted dry weight of total tree wood, bark and foliage of west gulf plantation longleaf

pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches _-_______________---______---_-__-__--~__p~~~~~_________-----_____-_-_-----____------____

6 99 133 166 200 234 267

7 1361 181 227 273 319 365 411

8 237 297 I 357 417 478 538

606 682

844

9 377 529

10 466 655

I1 565

12 674

749

794

946

1112

1291

1484

1690

1910

2143

2390

2650

2925

3212

908

1082

1272

1477

1697

1933

2185

2452

2734

1 E3

3675

1023

1219

1432

1663

1912

2177

2460

2761

3079

I----

3415

3768

4139

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

952

1105

1270

1447

1635

1834

2046

2269

938

1137

1355

1593

1850

2126

2421

2736

3071

3425

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 1.06186 + 1.00853 log (D2H)

Table 9.-Predicted green weight of total bole wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches ____________________---______--______-___ pounds_-------____------_----_---_--__---_-_----

6 183 242 300 358 415 472

7 247 ( 326 404 482 559 636 712

8 421 523 1 623 723 822 1 921

9 656 907 1032 1 1156

10 804 1112 1264 1416

11 966

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

1142 -SE--

1589

1833

2094

2371

2665

2976

3303

3646

1336

1580

1844

2127

2429

2751

3092

3453

1519

1797

2097

2419

2763

3129

3517

3927

4359

4812 c

1702

2013

2349

2710

3095

3506

3940

3832

4230 -L

4399

4883

5390

5922

6478

4648

5084

J

1568

1884

2228

2600

3000

3426

3880

4361

4870

5405

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.75522 + 1.00514 log (DLH)

9
Table l&-Predicted dry weight of total bole wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

385 537 613 689

465 649 741

552 771 880

-l 832

989

775 903 1031 1158

898 1046 1194 1341

1029 1199 1369 1538

1170 1363 1555 1747

1319 1536 1753 1970

1477 1720

1644 L

1964

1915 2185

1819 21191 2419

2334 1 2664 ( 2994

2560 2921 3283

765

924

1097

1286

1489

1707

1940

2187

2449

2726

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 1.15588 + 1.02700 log (DsH)

Table ll.-Predicted green weight of bole wood and bark to a 4-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches -------------_________-__________________p~~~~--------______________--______--__----_---

6 192 251 310 368 425

7 277 356 435 512 590 667

8 374 476 577 678 777 877

9 610 737 863 988 1112

10 759 914 1 1068 1221 1374

11 922 1 1108 1293 1477 1660

12 1099 1319

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

1547

1791

2053

2330

2625

2936

3263

3607

1538 1755 1972

1802 2056 2308

2085 2378 2669

2389 2723 3055

2711 3089 3466

3052 3478 3901

3413 3888 4361

G&---j ;E r?zJ

5046 5744 6440

1

1525

1842

2187

2560

2959

3387

3841

4323

4831

5367

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 0.66098 + 0.96407 log (DsH)

R= 1 - 6.80322 [4.02.g71s4/ (DrH) 1*M75’]

10
Table 12.-Predicted dry weight of bole wood and bark to a I-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf

pines

Dbh

class

inches

Total tree height (feet)

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

___ - -.-.-_

-_______-_______-__-_-_____-_______-_____pounds-__-__-__---___________________________-~_

I I

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16-

17

18

19

30

21

22

757

880

1011

1152

1301

1459

1626

1802

885

1028

1181

1345

1519

1703

1897

‘-Z-L

2543

1013

1176

1351

1537

1736

1946

2168

2402

2647

2904

1140

1324

1520

1730

1953

2189

2439

2701

2977

3266

746

905

1079

1268

1471

1689

1922

2170

2432

2709

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 1.07630 + 0.98996 log (DZH)

R = 1 _ 7.96452 [4.0”.X”“l”/(DZH) I.058743

Table 13.-Predicted green weight of bole wood and bark to a 7-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

-~ -----

Dbh

class 30 40 5 0

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches ___-----___-_-_____-_--__-___--__________po~~ds___--______-____________--_____-__-______-

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

912 1135

1366

1612

1876

2156

2452

2764

3093

3438

1356

1623

1909

2214

2538

2882

3244

3625

4025

4444

4882

-L

1576

1879

2204

2550

2919

3309

3721

4154

4609

5085

5583

1794

2133

2497

2885

3297

3734

4195

6280

-1

1344

1664

2011

2386

2788

3217

3674

4157

4667

5204

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 0.66098 + 0.96407 log (D*H)

R = 6.80342 [7.O2.g71X4/ (D*H) 1.04751]

11
Table 14.-Predicted dry weight of bole wood and bark to a 7-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf

pines

- -

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

.I

inches ___--___----___________---_____--_____---poands--______________--___--______-_______---__

8 149 199 249 299 346

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

215 341 404

289 444 520

370 556 649

459 680 789

684 813 941 1070

808 957 1105 1254

940 1110 1281 1451

1081 1275 1468 1661

1231 1449 1667 1885

1390 I

1634

1557 1829

2476 2838 3200

673

833

1008

1198

1402

1620

1854

2102

2365

2642

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 1.07630 + 0.98996 log (DZH)

R = 1 _ 7.96452 [7.)tL.X.i:319/(D2H) 1.05Xi4]

Table 15.-Predicted green weight of total bole wood of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

.____-

60 70 80

-___

90 100

inches ----_____---_______-_____________________poands__-_-___---____--_---________--___-----___

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

1429

1655

1897

2156

2432

2723

3032

3356

1420

1664

1928

2211

2512

2833

3173

3532

3910

4308

4724

1621

1900

2201

2523

2868

3234

3622

4032

1 tz

5392

r

1822

2135

2473

2836

3223

3635

4071

4532

5017

5526

6060

1

1409

1702

2023

2370

2746

3148

3578

4035

4519

5031

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.81664 + 0.99139 log (DZH)

12
Table 16.-Predicted dry weight of total bole wood of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches _________--__----------_---_________-____pounds_____-______-_____________________________

6 70 94 118 142 166 191

7 9SL 129 162 195 228 261 294

8 169 212 1 256 299 343 1 386

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

688

800

921

1050

1188

1335

1490

1655

683

805

936

1077

1229

1390

1562

1744

1936

2138

2351

-L

783

922

1072

1234

1408

1593

1790

1998

2218

2450

2694

r

883

1039

1209

1392

1587

1796

2018

2253

2501

2763

3038

1

678

823

983

1157

1346

1549

1767

1999

2247

2508

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 1.24531 + 1.01912 log (DsH)

Table 17.-Predicted green weight of bole wood to a 4.inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class

inches

Total tree height (feet)

..__

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

________________________________--____--_pounds---_---_--__---_------__---_---_--___-----

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

1395

1622

1865

2124

2400

2692

3001

3325

1387

1631

1895

2178

2481

2802

3142

372

520

690

881

1095

1331

1588

1867

2169

2492

2837

3203

589

12z.i

1235

1500

1789

2103

2442

2805

3192

3592 4041

--%&---, ZEi [--zJ

4694 5363 6031

1375

1669

1990

2339

2714

3117

3547

4005

4489

5001

_

Tahlc values computed from equations: log Y z - 0.81664 - 0.99139 log (D2H)

R = f _ 7.1 193, [q~O:L.l:M:‘l, (f)“H) l.O!W]
Table 18.-Predicted dry weight of bole wood to a 4-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class

inches

Total tree height (feet)

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

---_____---_----_____---_----__-_________po~nds~___________---____________-_____-_--_____ .+

6 53 77 101 126 150 174

7 79 1 112 145 179 212 245 279

8 153 196 240 283 327 371

9 254 309 365 421 476

10 319 388 ] 456 525 594

11 391 I 474

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

L ~~

470 569

673

785

906

1036

1174

1321

1477

1641

558

669

790

922

1063

1215

1376

1548

1730

1923

2125

2338

641

769

908

1058

1220

1394

1579

1776

1985

1 E3075

2681

I

725

869

1025

1195

1378

1574

1782

2005

2240

2488

2750

3025

663

809

969

1143

1332

1536

1754

1986

2233

2495

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 124531 + 1.01912 log (DZH)

R = 1 - 8.51870 [4.03J”995/(D3H)1J”335]

Table lg.-Predicted green weight of bole wood to 7-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

inches _-_---_----------------------__-----_----pounds_________--_---__--------------_---_______

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

817 1022

1235

1464

1709

1970

2248

2542

2852

3178

1226

1473

1740

2025

2329

2652

2994

3355

37351

4134 L

4552

1430

1711

2015

2340

2687

3055

3446

3857

4291

4746

5223

I

1633

1949

2290

2655

3044

3458

3896

4359

4846

5357

5892

1215

1511

1835

2186

2564

2969

3401

3860

4346

4860

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 0.81664

R = 1 _ 7,11g31 [~,~".1:'4:l4/(~2~)1.0904:1]

+ 0.99139 log (D’H)

14
Table 20.-Predicted dry weight of bole wood to a 7-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30

_._____

40 50

Total tree height (feet) ~~-_I_~

60 70 80 90 100

inches _____----_--_---__________________--__-__pounds_________________-----______----__---_--__

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

609

722

844

974

1113

1260

1416

1581

605 705

727 845

859 996

1001 1159

1153 1333

1316 1519

1488 1717

%&-- ;ii [

2280 2624

806

963

1134

1317

1514

1723

1946

2181

2430

2692

2968

599

746

907

1082

1271

1476

1694

1927

2175

2437

Table values computed from equations: log Y = - 1.24531 + 1.01912 log (DZH)

R = 1 - 8.51870 [7.03~0’s05/(D~H)1~103*5]

Table 21.-Predicted green weight of crown wood, bark and foliage of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

inches _____--_________~_-___----_~-~_---____~-_p~~~~--------.__~-----_____~-_____--_-___--__--

6 64 83 100 117 134 151

7 84-l 108 131 153 175 197 218

8 136 165 193 221 248 275

9 202 237 271 304 337

10 243 285 ] 325 365 404

11 287 1 336

12 333 390

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

448

510

575

643

714

788

866

946

1

384

446

513

583

657

734

816

901

989

1081

1177

1275

431

501

575

654

737

825

916

1011

1111

1 ::;‘:

1432

477

555

637

725

817

913

1014

1120

-I

443

523

608

698

794

895

1000

1111

1227

1347

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.81900 + 0.86637 log (DZH)

Crown consists of all lateral branches and the bole from 4-inch dob to the tip

15
Table 22.-Predicted dry weight of crown wood. bark and foliage of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

inches ________________----_--__----__-_________poan~~__-_--_------.-___-_____-----------_-_-___ .+

6 36 43

7 47 57

8 59 72

9 89

1 : 1;; ‘+, ;;;

105

10 108 127 1 146 164 182

11 128 1 151 173 195 216

12 149 176

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

203

232

262

294

328

363

400

438

202

233

266

301

337

376

416

227

262

299

339

380

423

469

458

502

548

596 671

253

291

333

376

422

470

521

574

629

686

745

J

200

238

278

320

365

413

464

517

572

630

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 1.26878 + 0.89268 log (DZH)

Crown consists of all lateral branches and the bole from 4-inch dob to the tip

Table 23.-Predicted green weight of crown wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches __---____________________________________po~nds________-------_-___---_-------___________

6

7

8

97

128

163

160

204

9 148 201

10 179 243

11 213 289 326 363

12 250

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

340

389

441

496

553

613

676

742

1

339

391

447

507

570

636

705

382

442

505

572

643

718

796

878

11::;

1144

425

491

562

636

715

798

778

853

932

1014

r

885

976

1071

1170

1273

_I

336

399

467

540

618

700

787

878

974

1074

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 1.09334 + 0.90495 log (DsH)

Crown consists of all lateral branches and the bole from 4-inch dob to the tip

16
Table 24.-Predicted dry weight of crown wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches

. .

-_-_-__----___________-____-_-____-______p~~~~--______-______----___-___---____----_____

6 1 20 26 32 38 44 50

7 27 35 43 51 59 66 74

8 45 55 65 75 85 95

9 68 81 93 106 118

10 83 98 j 114 129 144

11 99 I 118

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

117 138

161

184

209

236

264

294

325

358

136

160

185

213

242

273

305

339

154

181

210

241

274

309

346

384

172

202

234

269

306

345

386

429

493 558 623

158

189

222

258

296

337

380

425

473

523

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 1.52243 + 0.93058 log (DsH)

Crown consists of all lateral branches and the bole from 4-inch dob to the tip

Table 25.-Predicted green weight of tree wood bark and foliage of west gulf plantation longleaf pine

saplings

Dbh

class 10 15 20

Total tree height (feet)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55

inches __--_-________________--________________pounds___________-___---_--_----_-___________

1 1 4 6 1 7 9

2 13 1 19 24 29 1 34 38 43 48

3 37 1 48 58 67 77 86 95 1 104 113

4 78 94 125 140 155 170 184

5 183 205 227 248 269

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.24556 + 0.85263 log (DsH)

Table 26.-Predicted dry weight of tree wood bark and foliage of west gulf plantation longleaf pine

saplings

Dbh

class 10

Total tree height (feet)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55

inches __--________________.____________________pounds__________________________-___--__---_-

1 1 2

2 6 19 21

3 39 43 1 48 52

4 65 72 79 86

5 96 107 117 127

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.65729 + 0.88019 log (DsH)

17
Table 27.-Predicted green weight of total bole wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pine

saplings

Dbh

class

Total tree height (feet)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 .I

inches ,________________________________________pounds--____-------__---__--_______-__----__-

3 4 6 7

10

81 88

133 145

195 212

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.35931 + 0.85567 log (DeH)

Table 28.-Predicted dry weight of total bole wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pine

saplings

Dbh

ClasS 10

Total tree height (feet)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55

inches ,________________________________---___-_ pounds______-_________------_-___---__-_-____

1

-2

3

4

5

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 0.76622 A- 0.88506 log Y

Table 29.-Predicted volume of total bole wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

Claps

inches

Total tree height (feet)

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

______________________________~_~~~~~~~~~- tuft---_--_-_--_-_-_--_____--_-__--__-----_--

6.7 1 7.6

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

25.6

29.5

33.7

38.1

42.8

47.8

53.0

58.5

14.6

17.9

21.5

25.4

29.6

34.2

39.0

44.2

49.7

55.4

16.6 1 ;;:;

20.3

24.4 27.4

28.9 32.4

33.7 37.8

38.9 43.5

44.4 49.7

50.3 56.3

56.5 63.3

63.1 70.6

81.6 92.8 103.9

25.2

30.3

35.8

41.8

48.2

55.0

62.3

70.0

78.2

86.7

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.44693 + 0.96225 log D”H

18
Table 30.-Predicted volume of bole wood and bark to a I-inch top of west gulf plantatzon longleaf

pines

Dbh

class 30 40

Total tree height (feet)

50 60 70

--__

80 90 100

inches

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

____-----_-_-_____-------_--_______--_____~u ft--_---____-_-------_____-_------________~_

I 2.1 3.1 4.0 5.0 5.9 6.8

3.2 1 4.5 5.7 7.0 8.3 9.5 10.7

6.0 7.7 9.3 10.9 12.5 14.1

9.8 11.9 13.9 15.9 17.9

12.2 14.7 17.2 19.6 22.1 24.5

[

1

14.8 17.8 20.8 23.7 26.7 29.6

17.7 21.2 24.7 28.2 31.7 35.1

24.9 29.0 33.0 37.1 41.1

28.8 33.5 38.2 42.9 47.5

33.0 38.4 43.7 49.1 54.4

37.4 43.5 49.6 55.6 61.7

42.2 49.0 55.8 62.6 69.4

18

19

20

21

22 81.0 92.1 103.3

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.44693 + 0.96225 log (DZH)

R z 1 - 7.19490 [4.02.s”ssr/ (D”H) 1.“4”94]

Table 31.-Predicted volume of bole wood and bark to a 7-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf

pines

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

inches ____-_________-_______------__-------_____~u ft__-___-_-----------____--________________

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

14.8 18.4

22.0

26.0

30.2

34.7

39.5

44.5

49.7

55.3

21.9

26.2

30.8

35.7

40.8

46.4

52.2

58.3

64.7

71.4

78.4

L

25.4 28.9

30.3 34.4

35.5 40.2

41.0 46.4

46.9 53.0

53.2 60.0

59.8 67.4

21.7

26.8

32.4

38.4

44.9

51.7

59.0

66.8

75.0

83.5

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.44693 + 0.96225 log (D2H)

R = 1 - 7.19490 [7.02.*9957/(D2H)1.04094]

19
Table $Z.-Predicted colume of hole wood of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40

Total tree height (feet)

50 60 70 80 90 loo_

inches

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

--------_____-__--________________________~~ ft_______________-__-_-_----_------__----____ _

21.9

25.4

29.2

33.2

37.5

42.1

46.9

52.0

5.4

7.4

9.7

12.2

15.1

18.3

21.8

25.6

29.7

34.1

38.8

43.8

49.1

54.8

60.7

67.0

73.5

1 6.2

1 20.9 23.5

24.9 28.0

29.3 32.9

33.9 38.2

39.0 43.9

44.4 49.9

50.1 56.4

56.2 63.2

1 ii;: l---z/

84.0 94.6

21.6

26.2

31.2

36.6

42.5

48.8

55.5

62.7

70.3

78.3

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.67764 + 1.00313 log (SW)

Table 33.-Predicted volume of bole wood to a I-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

_I__.-. -._ ..-...

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

--.-l--_ .----- - -. -... ..- --.- . ..-..- _____

inches _______________-______--__________________~u ft_______________-_____--__--__--__-_______

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

21.4

24.9

28.7

32.7

37.0

41.6

46.4

51.5

4.8

6.8

9.1

11.7

14.6

17.8

21.3

25.1

29.2

33.6

38.3

43.3

48.7

54.3

1 5.6

‘-Gil 13

16.7 13.4 %-

20.4 23:0

24.4 27.5

28.7 32.4

33.4 37.7

38.5 43.4

43.9 49.4

49.6 55.9

55.7 62.8

FI ii; le_

73.0 83.6 94.1

J

21.1

25.7

30.7

36.1

42.0

48.3

55.0

62.2

69.8

77.9

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.67764 + 1.00313 log (D2H)

R = 1 - 7.72150 [4.0”~‘~152/(D2H)‘~“Y34fi]

20
Table 34.-Predicted volume of bole wood to a 7-inch top of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh

class 30 40 50

Total tree height (feet)

60 70 80 90 100

inches

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

19.0

22.5

26.3

30.4

34.7

39.3

44.2

49.3

18.8

22.7

26.8

31.3

36.0

41.1

46.4

52.1

58.0

22.0 25.2

26.4 30.1

31.1 35.4

36.2 41.1

41.6 47.2

47.4 53.7

53.5 60.6

;3 E

L

81.4 92.0

10.7

14.5

18.7

23.3

28.3

33.8

39.7

46.0

52.8

60.0

67.6

75.7

64.3

70.9

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.67764 + 1.00313 log (D2H)

R = 1 - 7.72150 [7.03.““=/ (D2H) 1.093461

Table 35.-Predicted volume of crown wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pines

Dbh Total tree height (feet)

class 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

inches ---------___-_______________________-_--_-cu ft_______________-_________--__-_----____--

6 I .78 1.00 1.22 1.44 1.65 1.86

7 1.021 1.32 1.61 1.89 2.17 2.45 2.71

8 1.67 2.04 2.40 2.75 3.10 3.44

9 2.52 2.96 3.39 3.82 4.24

10 3.04 3.57 4.09 4.61 5.12

11 3.60 t

]

4.23 4.85 5.46 6.06

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

4.20 4.93

5.69

6.49

7.34

8.23

9.16

10.14

11.17

12.23

5.66

6.52

7.44

8.41

9.43

10.51

11.63

12.80

14.03

15.30

16.61

6.37 7.07

7.35 8.16

8.38 9.30

9.47 10.52

10.62 11.80

11.83 13.14

13.10 14.54

14.42 (Is.ol

15.79 17.53

17.22 19.12

18.71 20.77

5.62

6.66

7.77

8.96

10.22

11.55

12.95

14.43

15.97

17.‘?c.

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.80386 + 0.88844 log (D2H)

Crown consists of all lateral branches and the bole from 4-inch dob to the tip

21
Table 36.-Predicted volume of total bole wood and bark of west gulf plantation longleaf pine saplings

Dbh

class 10

Total tree height (feet)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55

inches

1 1 .06

2 .18 .44 .51 .57 .62

3 .88 1.00 1.231 1.12

4 1.01 1.22 1.42 1.62 1.81 1.99

5 2.06 1 2.35 2.63 2.90

--___-

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.09552 + 0.83821 log (DzH)

1.34 1.46

2.18 2.36

3.17 3.43

Table 37.-Predicted volume of total bole wood of west gulf plantation longleaf pine saplings

Dbh

class 10 15 20

Total tree height (feet)

25 30 35 40 45 50 55

inches __________________________________________~uft________________-------_________-__---________

1 .03

2 .ll

3

4

5

Table values computed from equation: log Y = - 2.42121 + 0.90837 log (D2H)

.97 1.06

1.64 1.79

2.46 2.69

Table 38.-Mean and standard error of wood and bark specific gravity, moisture content. and green

weight per cubic foot for unthinned plantation longleaf pine trees and tree components

Tree component

Trees > 5 inches dbh

Wood and bark

Total tree

Bole to 7” top

Bole 7” to 4” top

Bole to 4” top

Branches

Wood

Total tree

Bole to 7” top

Bole 7” to 4” top

Bole to 4” top

Branches

Bark

Total tree

Bole to 7” top

Bole 7” to 4” top

Bole to 4” top

Branches

Trees < 5 inches dbh

Wood and bark

Total tree

Branches

Wood

Total tree

Branches

Specific gravity Moisture content

.500 i- .030 110 AC 14

517 t .035 103 t 14

.477 t ,037 121 + 17

,504 * .032 109 -+ 15

,481 !I .037 115 -+ 15

.389 +- .029 90 f 14

,393 t .033 74 * 16

.371 t .031 105 +- 22

,386 -c .032 83 + 16

.397 * .034 101 5 18

.479 f ,037 126 -+ 18

.412 * .053 146 t 31

Green weight per cu ft

61.70 + 1.89

61.67 +- 2.13

62.62 ? 2.24

62.15 f 1.95

58.56 I!Z 3.54

65.27 -t 1.93

65.07 -+ 2.06

65.52 X!I 2.18

65.38 k 2.07

64.30 + 2.87

45.99 + 3.16

42.47 + 3.84

47.40 -+ 4.54

43.82 + 3.62

49.57 + 3.68

59.17 + 2.39

51.98 + 3.82

67.21 -I 1.47

62.38 f 2.89

Bark

Total tree

Branches

.353 t .038 99 -c 24 43.30 t 3.03

.365 f .045 100 -+- 27 44.94 +- 4.16

22
Table 39.-Average green and dry weight of the total tree and proportions of the tree in bole and crown (bole tip, branches

and foliage) for longleaf pine trees 6-20 inches dbh

Dbh

class

-

inches feet number pounds ._______--percent _________. pounds _--__-_--_percen~ ----- _--__

6 54 12 397 70 23

8 66 13 839 81 13

10 75 18 1497 83 12

12 77 12 2304 80 14

14 81 9 3062 80 16

16 78 11 3699 77 18

18 84 4 5120 73 23

20 77 4 6284 69 27

Tree component Tree component

proportions (green) proportions (dry)

Crown

Average Average Average

total Sample total tree Bole to Bole tip total tree Bole to Bole tip

height trees green weight 4” top and branches Needles dry weight 4” top and branches Needles

ClWWll

189

406

716

1084

1512

1851

2465

72

83

84

81

81

78

74

70

22

12

12

14

15

18

23

26

Average 74 2218 77 18 5 1076 78 18 4

Table 40,LAverage green and dry weight of the total tree and proportions of the tree in wood, bark and foliage for longleaf

pine trees 2 to 20 inches dbh

Dbh

class

Average Tree component Average Tree component

Average Sample total trees proportions (green) total trees proportions (dry)

total height trees green weight Wood Bark Needles dry weight Wood Bark Needles

inches feet

2 19

4 41

6 54

8 66

10 75

12 77

14 81

16 78

18 84

20 77

Average 62

number

12

16

12

13

18

12

9

11

4

4

pounds _-___________percent___-___-__--_ pounds ________percent _________

21 65 24 11 9 64 27 9

151 72 17 11 71 71 20 9

397 78 15 7 189 78 16 6

839 81 13 6 406 81 14 5

1497 83 12 5 716 83 13 4

2304 82 12 6 1084 82 13 5

3062 85 11 4 1512 84 12 4

3699 83 12 5 1851 83 13 4

5120 84 12 4 2465 84 14 2

6284 83 12 5 3005 83 13 4

1683 83 12 5 816 83 13 4

23
Table 41.-Average green and dry weight of wood in the total tree and distribution of wood and bark in the bole and branches

for longleaf pine trees 6-20 inches dbh

inches

Green

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

feet number pounds .-----__-__-percen~_______----____--__---_--_--______

54 12

66 13

75 18

77 12

81 9

78 11

84 4

77 4

Average

DrY

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

62

54 12

66 13

75 18

77 12

81 9

78 11

84 4

77 4

311 77

681 47 89

1245 72 90

1898 81 88

2592 82 86

3068 81 84

4310 77 79

5239 74 75

__ _~~_... ~~~~~

1844 75 84

148 78

331 50 90

594 75 91

891 83 89

1273 83 87

1530 82 84

2060 78 79

2488 75 79

Average 62 891 76 85

Dbh Average Sample

class total height trees

Average

total tree Bole

Proportion of wood in

wood weight to 8” top to 4” top

Branches

__~~~~___

Extra large Large Medium Small AIrbranches

0 0 6 1 7

0 0 6 1 7

0 0 7 1 8

0 1 9 0 10

0 3 10 0 13

0 4 11 0 15

1 7 12 0 20

1 10 13 0 24

0 4 10 0 14

0 0 6 1 7

0 0 6 0 6

0 0 7 1 8

0 1 9 0 10

0 3 9 1 13

0 5 10 0 15

1 7 12 0 20

1 10 13 0 24

0 4 10 0 14 -

Table 42.-Average green and dry weight of wood and bark in the total tree and distribution of wood and bark in the bole

and branches for longleaf pine trees 6-20 inches dbh

Prouortion of wood and bark in

Average

Dbh Average Sample total tree wood Bole Branches

~~~

class total height trees and bark weight to 8” top to 4” top Extra large Large Medium Small All branches

--

inches feet number pounds ,_______________________~__~~~~~___ percent-____-----_--__---__-____________-

Green

6 54 12 369 75 0 0 9 1 10

8 66 13 790 49 86 0 0 8 1 9

10 75 18 1421 70 87 0 0 9 2 11

12 77 12 2168 78 85 0 1 11 1 13

14 81 9 2933 79 83 0 3 12 1 16

16 78 11 3505 78 81 0 4 13 1 18

18 84 4 4931 69 76 1 7 14 1 23

20 77 4 5988 70 72 1 10 16 1 28

-__

Average 2107 63 81 0 4 12 1 17

DrY

6 54 12 178 76 0 0 8 1 9

8 66 13 349 55 97 0 0 8 2 10

10 75 18 685 72 87 0 0 9 2 11

12 77 12 1030 80 86 0 1 11 1 13

14 81 9 1461 81 84 0 3 11 1 15

16 78 11 1776 79 82 0 5 12 1 18

18 84 4 2394 75 76 1 7 15 0 23

20 77 4 2892 72 73 1 10 15 1 27

Average 62 1026 74 82 0 4 12 1 17

24
Table 43.-Average green and dry weight of the crown and proportions of the crown in wood, wood and bark, and foliage

for longleaf pine trees 6-20 inches dbh

Crown proportion (green) Crown proportion (dry)

Average Crown Branch and Branch and Crown Branch and Branch and

Dbh total Sample weight bole tip bole tip weight bole tip bole tip,

class height trees (green) wood bark Needles (dry) wood bark Needles

inches feet number

6 54 12

8 66 13

10 75 18

12 77 12

14 81 9

16 78 11

18 84 4

20 77 4

121

156

261

457

614

855

1362

1977

_______-- percent --__- ---_ pounds _--_---_-percent __ ---- ____

58 18 24 53 60 20 20

47 22 31 68 48 24 28

47 24 29 116 48 26 26

48 22 30 203 49 24 27

58 21 21 285 59 23 18

57 20 23 401 59 22 19

66 20 14 639 67 22 11

65 20 15 908 65 22 13

Average 62 505 57 21 22 231 58 23 19

25

Baldwin, V. C., Jr.; Saucier, J. R. Aboveground weight and

volume of unthinned, planted longleaf pine on west Gulf

forest sites. Res. Pap. SO-191. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Forest Experiment Station; 1983. 25 p.

Presents volume and weight predictions in equations and

tables for aboveground total tree and tree components of

unthinned, planted longleaf pine trees.