*Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the Court has determined that this opinion should not be

published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstancesset forth in 5

TH CIR. R. 47.5.4.

United States Court of Appeals

Fifth Circuit

FILED

December 7, 2004

Charles R. Fulbruge III

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

For the Fifth Circuit

___________________________

No. 04-40309

___________________________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

VERSUS

RAFAEL AGUILAR-DELGADO, aka Lieonel Villagomez, 

Defendant - Appellant

Appeal from the United States District Court 

for the Southern District of Texas

No. 7:03-m -04128

Before KING, Chief Judge, HIGGINBOTHAM and DAVIS, Circuit Judges.

W. EUGENE DAVIS, Circuit Judge:*

Rafael Aguilar-Delgado pled guilty to unlawfully attempting to enter the United

States after deportation in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326 and 6 U.S.C. §§ 202 and 557. He

appeals the judgment of the district court as to his sentence only, specifically contesting

the sixteen-level enhancement imposed by the district court based on its conclusion that

his prior conviction of aggravated battery under Illinois law was a crime of violence

pursuant to Sentencing Guideline § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii). 
2

 At the initial sentencing hearing, the defendant contended that his Illinois conviction was

for simple battery rather than aggravated battery. The court adjourned the hearing so counsel could

resolve this issue. When the court reconvened several days later, the court asked about the results

of the inquiry. At this point, counsel for defendant replied “Unfortunately . . .it turned out that it was

an aggravated battery that he was convicted of, Your Honor.” No further exchange occurred among

counsel and the court concerning whether the Illinois conviction was a crime of violence. Under

these circumstances, we are not persuaded that this statement constituted invited error. The

defendant therefore did not relinquish his right to object to the enhancement on the grounds that it

was not a crime of violence, and thus, he has not waived hisright to plain error review. United States

v. Musquiz, 45 F.3d 927 (5th Cir. 1995); United States v. Dodson, 288 F.3d 153 (5th Cir. 2002);

United States v. Reveles, 190 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 1999). 

2

I.

Aguilar-Delgado argues that the district court erred when it characterized his 2001

aggravated battery conviction as a “crime of violence” for the purpose of assessing a

sixteen-level enhancement under the guidelines. Because Aguilar-Delgado raises this

issue for the first time on appeal, we review this claim for plain error.2 United States v.

Gracia-Cantu, 302 F.3d 308, 310 (5th Cir. 2002). When reviewing for plain error, we

will find reversible error only if: “(1) there was an error; (2) the error was clear and

obvious; and (3) the error affected the defendant’s substantial rights.” Id. (quoting United

States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725, 732 (1993)). If these elements are present, we need only

exercise our discretion to correct the error if it “seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or

public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Id. 

Under the guidelines, a person who is convicted of attempted illegal re-entry to the

United States under 8 U.S.C. § 1326 is subject to a sixteen- level enhancement if, prior to

his deportation, he had been convicted of a felony that constitutes a “crime of violence”

as defined in U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii), n.1(B)(ii) (2002). A crime of violence is an
3

offense that comes within a limited list of crimes (which does not include aggravated

battery) or is one “that has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of

physical force against the person of another.” Id. Aguilar was convicted under Illinois’s

aggravated battery statute. Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/12-4 (1996). This court has previously

found that the Illinois statute provides for the commission of the offense in a number of

different ways, some of which do not require the use of physical force against a person. 

United States v. Gomez-Vargas, No. 03-40966, slip. op. at 2-3 (5th Cir. Oct. 14,

2004)(unpublished). Accordingly, a conviction under that statute is not a crime of

violence unless the charging papers indicate “which of the various statutory alternatives

are involved in the particular case.” United States v. Calderon-Pena, 383 F.3d 254, 258

(5th Cir. 2004). The record in this case does not include the indictment for the Illinois

conviction and we are unable to “pare down” the statute to determine which of its

disjunctive elements were used to charge and convict Aguilar-Delgado. Id. at 259. 

Under these circumstances, we are forced to conclude that the district court erred in

categorizing the defendant’s conviction under the Illinois aggravated battery statute as a

crime of violence. Also under these circumstances, the error was plain and obvious. 

United States v. Gracia-Cantu, 302 F.3d 308, 313 (5th Cir. 2002). The error affected

Aguilar-Delgado’s substantial rights and seriously affects the fairness of judicial

proceedings because the error resulted in an increased recommended imprisonment range. 

Id. With the sixteen-level increase, his guideline range is 46 to 57 months imprisonment. 

Without the sixteen-level increase, the maximum guideline range is 6 to 12 months
4

(excluding downward adjustments applied at sentencing). This will be the starting

guideline range (before downward adjustments) applicable to defendant’s sentence on

remand unless the government can demonstrate from the Illinois indictment that the

statutory alternative charged was a crime of violence. 

Based on the foregoing, the sentence imposed is VACATED and the case is

REMANDED for resentencing in accord with this opinion. 

II.

Aguilar-Delgado concedes that his argument that the felony and aggravated felony

provisions of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(1-2) are unconstitutional under Apprendi v. New Jersey,

530 U.S. 466 (2000), is foreclosed by prior precedent. United States v. Dabeit, 231 F.3d

979, 984 (5th Cir. 2000), rev’d on other grounds, United States v. Reyna, 358 F.3d 344

(5th Cir. 2004).

III. 

Finally, Aguilar-Delgado argues that the district court’s judgment should be

corrected under Fed. R. Crim. P. 36 because it reflects that he was convicted of

unlawfully being found in the United States after previous deportation, when he actually

pled guilty to attempting to enter the United States without having obtained consent to

reapply for admission from the United States General or Secretary of Homeland Security. 

The government does not oppose this request and has already filed a motion for

correction of judgment in the district court. Accordingly, on remand the district court

shall AMEND the judgment to reflect the actual offense of conviction. 
5

IV.

SENTENCE VACATED AND CASE REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING

AND AMENDMENT OF JUDGMENT.