U.S. Department of Justice

National Drug Intelligence Center

Product No. 2007-L0848-001

February 2007

Domestic Cannabis

Cultivation Assessment 2007 

ARCHIVED This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials.
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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

Table of Contents

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Key Judgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Primary Cannabis Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Cannabis Cultivation Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Outdoor Cultivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Indoor Cultivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Violence, Countersurveillance, and Camouflage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Associated Environmental Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Eradication Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Intelligence Gaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Appendix A. Primary Cannabis Cultivation Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Western Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Appalachian Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Indoor Cannabis Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Appendix B. Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

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U.S. Department of Justice

National Drug Intelligence Center

Assessment Product No. 2007-L0848-001

1

Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

26 February 2007

Purpose

The Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007 is a national-level strategic assessment of cannabis cultivation and marijuana 

production in the United States. This assessment 

addresses major trends in domestic cannabis 

cultivation, both indoor and outdoor, with a 

focus on cannabis cultivation operations in primary areas of production at the state and county 

levels. This assessment addresses wide-ranging 

issues regarding cultivation operations, including planting and harvesting seasons; use or presence of weapons, booby traps, and countersurveillance; resultant environmental damage; 

and the operational trends of drug trafficking 

organizations and other criminal groups. This 

assessment draws upon reporting and data provided by the Office of National Drug Control 

Policy, the National Marijuana Initiative (see 

text box on page 2), and numerous federal, state, 

and local law enforcement agencies. 

Key Judgments

• Domestic cannabis cultivation has 

increased sharply since 2000 as more drug 

trafficking organizations (DTOs) relocate 

cannabis cultivation operations from Mexico and Canada to the United States. These 

DTOs are relocating to reduce the risk of 

marijuana seizure or loss during crossborder transport, gain direct access to local 

drug markets, and achieve higher profit 

margins for domestically produced marijuana, particularly higher-grade marijuana.

• Domestic outdoor cannabis cultivation by 

Mexican DTOs is most prevalent in remote 

and isolated areas of U.S. public and private lands, primarily in California, Oregon, 

and Washington. 

• Mexican DTOs are expanding cannabis 

cultivation operations eastward, including 

into some areas east of the Mississippi 

River, such as North Carolina and Tennessee, in order to increase their role in 

domestic marijuana distribution and to be 

closer to eastern drug markets.

• Many Mexican criminal groups that have 

established grow sites in new areas of the 

country maintain direct contact and affiliation with larger DTOs in California and 

Mexico and maintain a level of coordination among operating areas, moving labor 

and materials to the various sites—even 

across the country—as needed.

• Indoor domestic cannabis cultivation is 

increasing as criminal groups attempt to 

avoid intensified outdoor eradication, reduce 

their risk of detection, and produce higher 

potency marijuana to increase their profits. 

• Caucasian criminal groups are the predominant indoor producers of marijuana in the 

country; they are particularly active in the 

Appalachian Region. 

• Domestic cannabis cultivation by Asian 

DTOs at indoor locations is increasing, a 

particular concern because many are wellorganized, Canada-based groups that produce and distribute high potency marijuana.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

• Violent incidents by outdoor cannabis growers against law enforcement and the presence of weapons at outdoor grow sites are 

increasing, most likely because of increased 

law enforcement pressure and eradication.

• Rising law enforcement pressure—

although clearly a concern to cultivators 

as evidenced by increasing violence and 

weapons—has not yet stemmed the 

increase in domestic cannabis cultivation, 

either outdoors or indoors. Rather, DTOs 

are simply adapting their methods (relocating to new areas, changing their growing cycles, and growing higher potency 

plants both indoors and outdoors) in order 

to continue operating in the United States 

while maintaining their profits. 

Overview

Following September 11 and the resultant 

increased border security, law enforcement 

reporting indicates that DTOs—primarily 

Mexican but also Canada-based Asian DTOs 

(see Table 1 on page 3)—had moved many of 

their cannabis cultivation operations into the 

United States in an attempt to reduce the risk 

of marijuana seizure during cross-border transport. Since then, however, DTOs have recognized additional benefits of domestic cannabis 

cultivation, such as direct access to local drug 

markets, which enable them to be more responsive to market demands, and higher profit margins for domestically grown marijuana. These 

factors have contributed to a continued 

increase in domestic cannabis cultivation, an 

assertion seemingly supported by an overall 

increase in detection and eradication of outdoor cannabis during that time period (see 

Table 2 on page 3). Recent increases in domestic cannabis cultivation have been accompanied by improved cultivation techniques that 

produce higher potency marijuana, a practice 

that, if more widely used by DTOs, could significantly increase the prevalence of higher 

potency marijuana in the United States. 

Primary Cannabis Cultivation Areas

According to national marijuana eradication data and law enforcement reporting, 

there are two primary outdoor cultivation 

regions in the United States: the Western 

Region, composed of California, Hawaii, 

Oregon, and Washington, and the Appalachian Region, composed of Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Eradication data 

for 2006 show that 89 percent (5,262,065 of 

5,901,880) of outdoor plants eradicated in the 

United States were eradicated in these seven 

states (see Table 3 on page 4, and Map 1 in 

Appendix B). These states consistently sustain high levels of outdoor cannabis cultivation because their climates are conducive to 

cannabis cultivation. As a result, cultivators—especially Mexican DTOs in the Western Region and Caucasian independent 

growers in the Appalachian Region—have 

National Marijuana Initiative

The National Marijuana Initiative (NMI), funded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy 

(ONDCP), was established in 2001 to coordinate federal, state, and local agencies in areas 

that produce the largest amounts of marijuana in order to significantly reduce cannabis cultivation. The Initiative is specifically intended to foster partnerships among agencies in states 

where DTO operations impact federal lands. The NMI is designed to assist in the investigations of DTOs operating in the seven primary cannabis cultivation and marijuana production 

states (often referred to as the M7 states): California, Hawaii, Kentucky, Oregon, Tennessee, Washington, and West Virginia. The NMI supports law enforcement efforts in identifying 

the infrastructure of marijuana DTOs through expanded investigations and collection of intelligence in an attempt to disrupt and eventually dismantle the organizations.

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

established long-standing, entrenched 

growing operations. Other areas of increasing significance with regard to cannabis cultivation include Alabama, Arizona, Georgia, 

and North Carolina; these areas have 

recently experienced significant increases in 

outdoor cultivation. 

Table 1. Primary Cultivators in Leading Cannabis-Growing Areas

Region State Outdoor Indoor

Appalachian Region

Kentucky Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, 

and independent growers Caucasian independent growers

Tennessee Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, 

and independent growers Caucasian independent growers

West Virginia Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, 

and independent growers Caucasian independent growers

Western Region

California Mexican DTOs and criminal groups Asian and Caucasian DTOs and criminal groups

Hawaii Polynesian DTOs, Asian and Caucasian criminal groups Asian and Caucasian groups

Oregon Mexican DTOs and criminal groups Asian and Caucasian DTOs and criminal groups

Washington Mexican DTOs and criminal groups Asian and Caucasian DTOs and criminal groups

Other Areas of Interest

Alabama Caucasian criminal groups and 

independent growers NA

Arizona Mexican DTOs and criminal groups NA

Florida NA Caucasian and Cuban DTOs and 

criminal groups

Georgia Caucasian criminal groups and 

independent growers NA

North Carolina Caucasian DTOs, criminal groups, 

and independent growers NA

NA–not applicable 

Table 2. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, Outdoor and Indoor Plant Seizures, 2000–2006

 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Outdoor 2,597,798 3,068,632 3,128,800 3,427,923 2,996,225 3,938,151 4,083,433

Indoor 217,105 236,128 213,040 223,183 203,896 270,935 403,322

Total 2,814,903 3,304,760 3,341,840 3,651,106 3,200,121 4,209,086 4,486,755

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Indoor cannabis cultivation appears to be 

most pervasive in western states, primarily in 

California and Washington (see Table 4, and 

Map 2 in Appendix B). Eradication data for 

2006 indicate that 61 percent (246,975 of 

403,322) of indoor plants eradicated nationally were eradicated in California and Washington alone. Cannabis is cultivated by a 

variety of growers, including Caucasian criminal groups and independent dealers; however, cultivation by Canada-based Asian 

DTOs is increasing significantly. 

Law enforcement reporting indicates exceptionally high levels of cannabis cultivation 

(indoor and outdoor combined) in California, 

Kentucky, Tennessee, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, and West Virginia. Total cannabis 

eradication suggests that these seven states 

constitute the most significant cannabis cultivation states overall (see Table 5, and Map 3 in 

Appendix B). 

Table 3. Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

in Primary Outdoor Production States 

2005–2006

State 2005 2006 Percent of 

Change

California 2,914,193 3,674,069 +26.1

Kentucky 734,351 557,628 -24.1

Tennessee 462,904 483,231 +4.4

Hawaii 251,163 188,742 -24.9

Oregon 84,493 187,548 +122.0

Washington 137,319 115,459 -15.9

West Virginia 56,758 55,388 -2.4

Seven-State Total 4,641,181 5,262,065 +13.4

National Total 5,546,509 5,901,880 +6.4

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression program; 

U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service.

Table 4. Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

in Primary Indoor Production States

2005–2006

State 2005 2006 Percent of 

Change

California 107,047 203,559 +90.2

Washington 32,936 43,416 +31.8

Florida 45,217 36,172 -20.0

Hawaii 3,950 12,358 +212.9

New Hampshire 304 11,085 +3,546.4

Five-State Total 189,454 306,590 +61.8

National Total 270,935 403,322 +48.9

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; 

U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service.

Table 5. Total Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

in Primary Production States, 2005–2006

State 2005 2006 Percent of 

Change

California 3,021,240 3,877,628 +28.3

Kentucky 736,991 558,756 -24.2

Tennessee 463,557 483,342 +4.3

Hawaii 255,113 201,100 -21.2

Oregon 91,829 194,453 +111.8

Washington 170,255 158,875 -6.7

West Virginia 57,600 57,582 0.0

Seven-State Total 4,796,585 5,531,736 +15.3

National Total 5,817,444 6,305,202 +8.4

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; 

U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service.

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

Cannabis Cultivation Trends 

Outdoor Cultivation

Some Mexican DTOs are shifting cannabis 

cultivation away from intense eradication 

areas—even into eastern states—a shift that 

may enable these DTOs to further increase 

domestic cannabis cultivation. Mexican DTOs 

are relocating some of their operations to locations north and east of their principal operating 

areas in California, seemingly to avoid 

improved aerial detection and eradication in the 

state. This move will enable them to increase 

cultivation in remote areas that have never been 

cultivated. In 1999 Mexican DTOs began relocating some of their operations from northern 

California into Oregon, Washington, and central Idaho. In 2003 Mexican DTOs established 

more cannabis grow sites in Idaho and in areas 

east of the Mississippi River, such as remote 

areas of Arkansas and Georgia. Recently, these 

groups have established outdoor grow sites in 

other areas of Arizona and in western North 

Carolina and eastern Tennessee. Mexican cannabis growers operating large-scale grows east 

of the Mississippi River are increasingly being 

linked to Mexican DTOs operating in California and Mexico, suggesting a coordinated effort 

with respect to domestic cannabis cultivation 

by Mexican DTOs that now spans the United 

States. Many of these groups maintain direct 

contact and affiliation with larger DTOs in California and Mexico and maintain a level of 

coordination among operating areas, moving 

labor and materials to the various sites—even 

across the country—as needed. 

Mexican DTOs’ extensive use of public 

lands for cannabis cultivation is increasing, 

even in areas that generally are not considered conducive to planting and growing cannabis. Mexican DTOs commonly grow 

cannabis in remote areas of public lands, where 

there is limited law enforcement presence. The 

occurrence of cannabis cultivation on public 

lands has increased significantly over the past 

several years, largely the result of increased 

domestic cultivation operations by Mexican 

DTOs. In 2005 cannabis cultivation on 

National Forest System (NFS) lands nationwide rose sharply, reaching the highest levels 

ever observed by law enforcement—a 49.6 

percent increase from 744,276 plants eradicated 

in 2004 to 1,113,446 plants in 2005. This trend 

continued in 2006 as eradication rose an additional 26 percent between 2005 and 2006 

(1,403,023). More cannabis plants were eradicated in national forests in California than in 

any other state nationwide in 2006 (1,133,563, 

or 81 percent of total NFS eradications), with 

Cannabis Cultivation in Arizona: An Increasing Concern 

Elevated cannabis cultivation and eradication totals in Arizona in 2005 were somewhat surprising 

to some law enforcement officials because of the large amounts of Mexican marijuana available 

within the state. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Arizona High 

Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA), law enforcement authorities are continuing to see an 

influx of cannabis cultivation operations in the state. In 2005 law enforcement authorities seized 

115,215 plants from seven sites in the Coconino and Tonto Forests, according to NFS data. As 

of November 30, 2006, approximately 21 cannabis cultivation operations and a total of 72,549 

plants were eradicated from Arizona national forests. Moreover, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, approximately 12 of these sites were tended by Mexican foreign nationals. Despite the apparent decline in the number of plants seized between 

2005 and 2006, the number of sites eradicated increased, and the area in which operations were 

eradicated expanded to cover three national forests (see Maps 4 and 5 in Appendix B). NFS data 

indicate that in 2006, 21 cultivation sites were eradicated in national forests in Arizona: 17 in 

Tonto, 2 in Prescott, and 2 in Coconino.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

most plants eradicated within the mountainous 

areas of Mendocino National Forest of northern 

California (405,399), followed by San Bernardino National Forest (157,994). NFS also 

reports significant cannabis eradication in 

national forests beyond California, specifically 

in Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky 

(148,828); and in Tonto National Forest in Arizona (65,947). No Mexican DTO activity has 

been reported in Kentucky (see Table 6, and 

Map 6 in Appendix B).

Following consecutive annual record-level 

eradication since 2004, some cultivators who 

previously limited their operations to areas with 

optimal weather, elevation, and slope characteristics have relocated to areas where growing 

conditions are less conducive to cannabis cultivation. For example, Department of the Interior 

(DOI) officials report that some cultivators are 

relocating from coastal areas that are wellsuited for growing to California’s inland foothills and more arid areas, planting under lowcover brush such as chaparral. Cultivators are 

also relocating to other nonconducive growing 

areas outside of California, including eastern 

Oregon, eastern Washington, eastern Idaho, and 

the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. 

Despite relocating to nontraditional growing 

areas, cultivators must maintain access to a 

water source. For instance, law enforcement 

reporting from San Bernardino County, California, indicates that a several-thousand-plant 

grow was found covering nearly 2 square miles 

after officials responded to a wildfire in Little 

Morongo Canyon. Although this area is particularly arid, the grow site was within a mile of a 

natural spring. Law enforcement officials 

expect that grow sites will continue to be established by cultivators at remote sites in nontypical growing areas as eradication efforts continue 

in traditional growing areas. 

Mexican DTOs in California are producing 

higher potency marijuana from cannabis cultivated in some large outdoor grow sites, the 

result of improved cultivation techniques. In 

2006 law enforcement reporting from several 

agencies revealed that some Mexican DTOs 

that had previously produced marijuana with 

average THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) 

levels of 2 or 3 percent from outdoor cultivated 

cannabis began achieving 8 to 12 percent THC 

levels by applying growing methods typically 

used by indoor growers of high potency cannabis. These DTOs typically use only select 

seeds from Mexico, prepare the seedlings in 

greenhouses, plant the seedlings outdoors before 

late April, separate male from female plants 

prior to pollination, and use high-nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, these DTOs are increasingly 

using cloned starter plants (see text box), irrigation systems composed of black polyethylene 

(also known as PVC) drip lines extending to 

each plant, and pesticides. The higher potency 

marijuana produced from outdoor plants in 

California often is comparable in quality to 

Table 6. Top 10 National Forests for 

Eradication of Cannabis Plants on 

National Forest System Lands, 2006

National Forest State Total Plants 

Eradicated

1. Mendocino California 405,399

2. San Bernardino California 157,994

3. Daniel Boone Kentucky 148,828

4. Shasta-Trinity California 118,797

5. Sequoia California 89,585

6. Los Padres California 80,796

7. Tonto Arizona 65,947

8. Stanislaus California 65,072

9. Sierra California 60,866

10. Plumas California 55,673

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

Canada-produced BC Bud1 and commands twice 

the price of commercial-grade Mexican marijuana available in the region. Although data 

regarding the number of eradicated, higher 

potency outdoor grow sites are not available, this 

practice still appears to be limited but is likely to 

increase as other Mexican DTOs and U.S. Caucasian cannabis growers adopt these methods. 

Outdoor cannabis cultivators are adapting 

their cultivation and harvesting methods in 

order to maximize profits and reduce the risk 

of eradication. In 2006 law enforcement officials in several areas of the country, particularly 

California and Tennessee, reported that cultivators were changing their cultivation process 

from a single planting to two-crop plantings 

with shortened growing cycles. Cultivators 

achieve two growing cycles by planting specific 

cannabis strains that mature faster or by planting seedlings earlier in the spring. Cultivators in 

California, for example, are planting cannabis 

that buds earlier than most varieties and matures 

as early as June or July. Cannabis that is cultivated in the spring is harvested in early July, 

and the plot is replanted, allowing for an additional harvest in September or October. Additionally, law enforcement officials have 

reported that cultivators are harvesting as many 

plants as practical, including marginally mature 

plants, immediately prior to the height of eradication season or before eradication efforts move 

into the area, in order to avoid the risk of an 

entire crop seizure (see Figure 1 on page 8). 

U.S. Public Lands

U.S. Department of the Interior

The DOI is the primary conservation agency in the United States and manages 525 million acres 

of land (23 percent of the land in the country), including 523 miles along the 3,987-mile U.S.–

Canada border and 782 miles along the 1,952-mile U.S.–Mexico border. The DOI comprises five 

bureaus with law enforcement authority—the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), National Park 

Service (NPS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and Bureau of 

Reclamation (BOR). Indian reservations are federal lands held in trust for the Indian Nations.

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Forest System

National Forest System lands, managed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 

consist of 191.6 million acres of federally owned reserves composed of 155 national forests 

and 22 national grasslands in 42 states and Puerto Rico. NFS lands adjoin approximately 700 

miles of the U.S.–Canada border and nearly 60 miles of the U.S.–Mexico border.

Cloned Starter Plants

Cloned starter plants enable cannabis cultivators to select higher quality plants and avoid 

male/female pollination, thereby raising potential THC content. Cloning a cannabis plant is 

accomplished by simply taking a cutting of a select plant, allowing the cutting to sprout roots, 

and then planting it as a seedling, thereby creating a plant of the same genetic makeup as the 

parent plant. The use of clones also ensures that the plants will be well-established with a root 

system when planted, thereby increasing the chance of a successful maturation process. 

Cloned starter plants are increasingly being grown in California and Oregon and, to a lesser 

extent, in Appalachian states, including Kentucky and Tennessee.

1. BC Bud, which originally referred to sinsemilla grown in British Columbia, has become synonymous with highgrade marijuana from Canada. The THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) content of BC Bud ranges from an average of 10 to 15 percent but can be as high as 30 percent.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Outdoor cannabis cultivation by Caucasian 

criminal groups in western states is relatively 

low compared with that of Mexican DTOs; 

however, cultivation by Caucasian growers in 

Appalachian states is high and may be 

increasing. While Mexican DTOs dominate 

cannabis cultivation in western states, Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers 

control most cannabis cultivation in the Appalachian Region. Most of the criminal groups operating grow sites in Kentucky, Tennessee, and 

West Virginia are typically composed of three 

to eight Caucasian males who are related along 

family lines. In fact, many of these family-based 

groups have been involved in marijuana cultivation and trafficking for decades, spanning several generations. Moreover, cannabis cultivation 

by Caucasian growers is often accepted by the 

local populace as a means for supplementing 

incomes in economically depressed Appalachian communities. Eradication efforts in many 

areas of Appalachia have increased in recent 

years; however, cultivation also appears to be 

increasing as cultivators relocate to areas 

where eradication efforts are less intense.

Indoor Cultivation 

Domestic indoor cannabis cultivation is 

increasing in some areas of the country as 

growers attempt to avoid outdoor eradication 

and attain higher profits through production 

of indoor-grown, high potency marijuana.

According to law enforcement reporting, vigorous outdoor cannabis eradication has caused 

many marijuana producers in areas of California and Tennessee to relocate indoors where 

production is more concealed (see text box 

titled Indoor Grow Sites on page 9). In addition to a reduced risk of detection, indoor cannabis cultivators benefit from higher profits 

because cultivation is a year-round process 

with four to six harvests per year and controlled conditions that enable growers to produce high quality marijuana that commands 

higher prices in most drug markets. For example, according to drug price data from the 

National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) 

December 2006 National Illicit Drug Prices, 

domestic midgrade marijuana grown outdoors 

in Los Angeles sold for $700 to $750 per 

pound, whereas high potency marijuana sold 

for $2,500 to $6,000 per pound. This price difference is common in drug markets throughout 

the country. These factors have contributed to 

the sharp increase in indoor cultivation 

reported by law enforcement, evidenced by a 

71 percent increase in indoor plant eradication 

from 2001 (236,128 plants) to 2006 (403,322 

plants). Moreover, the number of indoor sites 

seized increased 38 percent from 2001 (2,379 

sites) to 2006 (3,286 sites). 

Many Canada-based Asian DTOs that 

cultivate cannabis at indoor grow sites are 

relocating from Canada to the United States.

Canada-based Asian groups (primarily ethnic 

Vietnamese and Chinese groups) are operating 

NDIC

 Figure 1. Crop harvested prior to eradication 

efforts in Napa County, California, September 2006.

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an increasing number of indoor grow sites 

within the United States, predominantly in the 

Pacific Northwest and throughout much of 

California. However, indoor grow sites are 

emerging in northeastern states, including 

those in New England. To this end, preliminary law enforcement reporting suggests that 

some of the Asian-operated indoor grows in 

New England are linked to Asian organizations based in Canada. The emergence of 

Asian-operated indoor grows in northeastern 

states parallels the recent appearance of grow 

sites controlled by Asian DTOs in eastern Canada (Ontario and Quebec) reported by the 

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)—

Asian-operated grow sites typically have been 

located in western Canada (British Colombia). 

The extent of this activity has been difficult for 

law enforcement to establish, since most Asian 

DTOs that cultivate cannabis in the United 

States are tight-knit, family-based groups that 

are difficult to infiltrate. Asian DTOs often 

conceal their indoor operations by purchasing 

or renting houses, modifying the structure for 

the purpose of cultivating high-grade cannabis, 

and quickly abandoning the premises after 

harvesting only four to six high potency crops. 

In many instances, these DTOs spend thousands of dollars to modify and equip their 

indoor grow sites. For example, Asian DTOs 

purchase and install advanced hydroponic 

growing equipment such as grow lights, automatically timed watering and fertilizing systems, and exhaust systems with large charcoal 

HEPA filters. Sophisticated operations often 

bypass electric meters, thereby eliminating 

high-energy usage readings, large electricity 

bills, and possible law enforcement scrutiny. 

Cannabis cultivation in Florida has 

increased dramatically in recent years, led by 

an increasing number of indoor grow sites 

operated by Cuban DTOs and criminal organizations. Indoor cannabis cultivation occurs in 

many counties throughout Florida (see Map 7 in 

Appendix B) and greatly exceeds that of outdoor cultivation in Florida, according to the 

Florida Department of Law Enforcement 

(FDLE). The predominance of indoor grows in 

Florida is evidenced by the number of indoor 

seizures (36,172 plants) compared with outdoor 

seizures (10,354 plants) in 2006 (see Table 7 on 

page 10). The FDLE further reports that the 

number of indoor cannabis grows operated by 

Cuban organizations in South Florida has 

increased sharply and is the leading cause of the 

increase in indoor grow seizures between 2001 

(210) and 2006 (384). Cuban organizations 

Indoor Grow Sites

 Indoor cultivation sites range from a single 

closet to entire houses or buildings that are 

converted into sophisticated grow operations. Indoor cannabis cultivators frequently 

employ advanced agricultural practices 

such as plant cloning; hydroponics; automatic light metering, irrigation, and fertilizing; and refined insecticides to enhance the 

rate of growth. Hydroponics is a particularly 

effective cultivation method, especially at 

indoor locations; however, it is not always 

preferred by growers over traditional soil 

cultivation. In fact, law enforcement reporting indicates that soil cultivation is preferred 

over hydroponics by some groups, including 

Asian DTOs operating indoor grows in 

Washington and Cuban DTOs operating 

indoor grows in southern Florida.

Seizure of Asian Indoor Grow Operations 

in Elk Grove, California

 On August 29, 2006, law enforcement 

authorities reported that over 10,000 marijuana plants were seized from 14 Elk Grove, 

California, area residences as part of an 

investigation into Asian DTO-operated 

indoor marijuana growing operations in the 

San Francisco Bay area. According to DEA, 

the electricity to each home had been 

rewired to bypass the electric meter, 

thereby creating a significant fire hazard 

(see Figure 2 on page 10).

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

reportedly operate indoor grows throughout 

Broward, Collier, Hendry, Miami-Dade, Palm 

Beach, and St. Lucie Counties in Florida. 

Cuban-operated indoor grows are not highly 

sophisticated but are somewhat advanced, often 

utilizing partial residence grows, single-room 

air conditioners or multiple air conditioningunits concealed behind fences, and insulated 

walls and windows designed to conceal the heat 

signature produced by grow lights.

Violence, Countersurveillance, 

and Camouflage

Cannabis cultivation operations are deliberately located by growers in remote areas of 

public and private lands to lessen the chance of 

discovery from passersby or law enforcement. 

These sites are often concealed by camouflage 

and protected by armed guards conducting 

countersurveillance. Some sites are also 

protected by potentially life-threatening booby 

traps. These operations pose a particular threat 

to unwitting visitors, hunters, and hikers who 

often enter the remote areas where grow sites 

are located and are confronted—and sometimes fired upon—by armed guards. 

Cannabis growers, particularly Mexican 

DTOs in California and Washington, are 

becoming more aggressive in protecting cultivation sites. Since 2003 the number of armed 

encounters between law enforcement officers 

and cannabis grow-site operators in California 

and Washington has significantly increased. 

Cannabis cultivators are employing armed 

guards who are strategically stationed at elevations above the grow site in order to detect 

approaching law enforcement scouts—usually 

one or two officers scouting remote areas for 

grow sites. Over the past 3 years these guards, 

City of Elk Grove, California, Police Department

 Figure 2. Hazardous electrical diversion in an Elk Grove, California, indoor cannabis grow site.

Table 7. Number of Cannabis Plants Eradicated in Florida at Indoor 

and Outdoor Grow Sites, 2001–2006

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Indoor 15,151 19,506 21,442 21,879 45,217 36,172

Outdoor 13,055 18,348 16,302 6,127 29,646 10,354

Total 28,206 37,854 37,744 28,006 74,863 46,526

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

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armed with weapons ranging from pellet guns 

to assault rifles, have increasingly engaged law 

enforcement officials in armed standoffs and, 

on several occasions, have exchanged gunfire 

with law enforcement scouts. These guards 

attempt to repel the patrols long enough for crop 

tenders to harvest as much of the cannabis as 

possible before a larger law enforcement contingent returns to eradicate the site. According to 

law enforcement officials, armed individuals 

are increasingly protecting cannabis crops 

because of their high value, increased competition with other growers, and increasing eradication pressure, and because many crop tenders, 

who are illegal aliens, must harvest the crop as 

payment to a Mexican DTO for their entry into 

the United States. Armed encounters between 

grow-site operators and private citizens reportedly are infrequent; however, the likelihood of 

such encounters is increasing, particularly since 

DTOs are establishing more outdoor grow sites 

on public lands, including national parks and 

game lands, especially in northern California. 

One such confrontation occurred in October 

2006, when a man hunting in a remote location 

within the Mendocino National Forest was fired 

upon by four individuals after he inadvertently 

approached the edge of a cannabis grow site. 

Additionally, in June 2006, two individuals near 

a grow site in a remote area north of Covelo, 

California, were shot and killed. 

The use of unattended booby traps by Mexican DTOs at large outdoor cultivation operations in western states has decreased over the 

past several years—armed guards are now 

preferred. Until the mid- to late 1990s, Mexican DTOs frequently protected outdoor cannabis grow sites from intrusion with 

potentially lethal booby traps. Typical booby 

traps included fishhooks strung from trees, rat 

traps configured with shot gun shells designed 

to discharge when tripped, trip lines, and animal traps. Since the late 1990s, however, cultivators have increasingly employed armed 

guards, and at larger plots they often employ 

several additional individuals (typically two 

who tend the site on a rotating basis). As a 

result, law enforcement officials are encountering fewer booby-trapped sites. However, 

unlike law enforcement officials in western 

states, the Kentucky State Police (KSP) 

reported an increase in booby trap use in 

smaller, usually unattended, outdoor cannabis 

plots in 2006. Growers in Kentucky, predominantly Caucasian independent growers, use a 

variety of booby traps, including punji sticks 

(see Figure 3)—which may be camouflaged by 

leaves and brush or incorporated into pits—

and explosive devices to reduce the risk of 

crop theft. 

The use of camouflage and countersurveillance by outdoor cannabis cultivators is common and often effective. Law enforcement 

reporting from leading cultivation states, 

including California, Kentucky, and Oregon, 

indicates that grow-site operators commonly 

camouflage marijuana crops by planting cannabis under tree canopies to conceal the crop 

from aerial surveillance. Some cultivators also 

camouflage their crops by commingling cannabis with legitimate crops. Tents and equipment used by plot tenders also are often 

camouflaged with netting or painted in camouflage colors and patterns. To further evade 

detection, cultivators often employ methods of 

countersurveillance to monitor activity in their 

U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service

 Figure 3. Punji stick boards seized from cannabis 

cultivation operations in Kentucky, 2006.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

area. The plot tenders’ most common method 

of countersurveillance is simply patrolling a 

grow site to observe any human activity. Additionally, the Oregon Department of Justice 

reports that some plot tenders in that state are 

beginning to sweep trails leading to grow sites 

free from signs of foot traffic; they later check 

trails for footprints as a method of monitoring 

movement in the area. 

Associated Environmental Damage 

Outdoor cannabis cultivation, particularly 

on public lands, is causing increasing environmental damage. Outdoor cannabis cultivation poses significant environmental concerns 

for law enforcement and other public agencies. 

Grow site operators often contaminate and alter 

watersheds; divert natural water courses; clearcut native vegetation; poach protected wildlife; 

discard garbage, nonbiodegradable materials, 

and human waste at deserted sites; and create 

wildfire hazards. Moreover, the National Parks 

Conservation Association (NPCA) reports that 

while preparing land for cannabis cultivation, 

growers commonly clear the forest understory, 

which allows nonnative plants to supplant 

native ones, adversely affecting the eco-system. 

They also terrace the land—especially in 

mountainous areas—which results in rapid 

erosion. The cost of restoring land damaged by 

such outdoor cultivation is significant; the 

National Park Service estimates that for every 

acre of forest planted with marijuana, 10 acres 

are damaged, and further, the cost to repair and 

restore an outdoor cultivation site is approximately $11,000 per acre.

Outdoor cannabis cultivators are diverting 

streams and creeks for irrigation, sometimes 

draining natural streams and wetlands. Outdoor cannabis plots typically are irrigated with 

intricate watering systems. Cultivators often 

dam up streams and redirect the water through 

plastic gravity-fed irrigation tubing to supply 

water to individual plants (see Figure 5 on page 

13). Average size marijuana plots—approximately 1,000 plants—require up to 5,000 gallons of water daily. This high demand for water 

often strains small streams and damages downstream vegetation that depends on consistent 

water flow. For example, on October 4, 2006, 

law enforcement authorities eradicated a 1,200-

plant cultivation operation in San Ramon, Contra Costa County after Park Rangers were 

alerted that water was no longer running in a 

nearby mountain stream. Cultivators had 

diverted the stream, building a reservoir for 

crop irrigation. 

Dangerous Poisons From Mexico Polluting California National Forests

According to NFS and California Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement Campaign Against Marijuana Planting (CAMP), law enforcement officials are increasingly encountering dumpsites of 

highly toxic insecticides, chemical repellants, and poisons (see Figure 4 on page 13) that are 

produced in Mexico, purchased by Mexican criminal groups, and transported into the country 

for use at their cannabis grow sites. Although similar chemicals could be purchased in the 

United States, many Mexican DTOs are simply using Mexican chemicals rather than purchasing bulk quantities locally, which could alert law enforcement to their cultivation operations. 

Cultivators apply insecticides directly to plants to protect them from insect damage. Chemical 

repellants and poisons are applied at the base of the cannabis plants and around the perimeter 

of the grow site to ward off or kill rats, deer, and other animals that could cause crop damage. 

These toxic chemicals enter and contaminate ground water, pollute watersheds, kill fish and 

other wildlife, and eventually enter residential water supplies. 

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service; Environmental Protection Agency.

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Eradication Estimates

Precise estimates regarding the number of 

cannabis plants not eradicated during the most 

recent eradication season are not feasible, 

owing to many factors. The amount of marijuana cultivated in the primary states and counties is determined by three factors that are used 

to calculate the quantity of marijuana available 

in the United States: domestic cannabis eradication totals, cannabis plant yield estimates, 

and the effectiveness of cannabis eradication. 

Estimates vary greatly with respect to each of 

these critical factors. Therefore, a true and 

accurate point estimate of the amount of cannabis not eradicated within the primary cultivation states is not possible. 

Although a precise estimate of cannabis not 

eradicated is not possible, general estimates can 

be made and ranges calculated using available 

eradication data. For example, in the model in 

Table 8 on page 14,2 the total number of plants 

eradicated is derived by adding the estimated 

number of eradicated plants reported by 

Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression 

Program (DCE/SP), Forest Service, and DOI. 

According to these sources, an estimated 6.3 

million plants were eradicated in 2006. Assuming a plant yield of 1 pound per plant (448 

grams), approximately 2,825 metric tons of 

potential marijuana were destroyed through 

domestic cannabis eradication in 2006. Law 

enforcement reporting indicates that eradication 

programs destroyed 30 to 50 percent of cannabis plants during the 2006 season. Based on 

these estimates and assumptions, between 2,825 

and 6,592 metric tons of marijuana were not 

destroyed during 2006 (see Table 8 on page 14). 

Combining known eradication statistics with 

estimates of cannabis not eradicated results in 

an estimate of total potential domestic cannabis 

cultivation ranging from 5,650 metric tons to 

9,417 metric tons. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service

 Figure 4. Toxic insecticide bottle found 

at a cannabis cultivation operation in 

California, 2006.

 Figure 5. Reservoir used in a cannabis cultivation operation in 

the Shasta-Trinity National Forest in 2006.

2. This model was adapted from the Marijuana Availability Model used by the Drug Availability Steering Committee. 

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Intelligence Gaps 

Law enforcement efforts over the past several years have provided significant insight into 

the nature and extent of cannabis cultivation 

and marijuana production in the United States. 

However, intelligence gaps do exist, primarily:

• The extent of DTO and criminal group 

involvement in the Appalachian region is 

unknown because cannabis cultivation is 

largely rooted in generations of families 

within insular communities. 

• Eradication statistics are underreported in 

some areas because no requirements exist 

for such reporting. Some counties do not 

have agreements with DCE/SP, and therefore eradication totals are not recorded to 

the DCE/SP program. 

• Mexican DTO involvement in outdoor 

cannabis cultivation operations is significant; however, determining the extent of 

their involvement in many areas of the 

country is difficult because law enforcement resources are insufficient to fully 

investigate these groups.

• Limited information as to the domestic 

cannabis cultivation operations of Asian 

DTOs and criminal groups—a result of the 

insular nature of the communities—

degrades accurate analysis as to the full 

extent of their operations in the United 

States. 

Table 8. Estimated Number of Cannabis Plants Not Eradicated, 2006

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006 (mt) Potential Marijuana Eradicated (mt)

DCE/SP 4,486,755 2,010

USFS/DOI 1,818,447 815

Total 6,305,202 2,825

Eradication Rate=> 30% 40% 50%

Potential Marijuana Not Eradicated (mt) 6,592 (70%) 4,236 (60%) 2,825 (50%)

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Appendix A. Primary Cannabis Cultivation Regions

The following section addresses primary cannabis cultivation areas, planting and harvesting seasons, organizations involved, and major trends and developments in outdoor and indoor cannabis 

cultivation operations in each primary cultivation state. The primary cannabis cultivation areas are 

located in two distinct regions: western states and Appalachia. Because many cultivation trends are 

consistent among states within these unique regions, the summaries of each primary cultivation 

state are grouped by region.

Western Region

California

Cannabis cultivation and marijuana production operations are extensive throughout California, particularly 

in northern California. Outdoor cannabis cultivation is 

increasing dramatically in the northern region of the 

state, primarily because of expanded cultivation by 

Mexican DTOs; as a result, the area is becoming one of 

the most significant outdoor cannabis grow areas in the 

state. Indoor cannabis cultivation also appears to be 

increasing. The increase is primarily attributed to the 

demand for higher potency marijuana. However, some 

law enforcement officials in California report that the 

increase is partly the result of California Proposition 

215 (commonly referred to as the medical marijuana

law), which has negatively impacted marijuana-related 

prosecutions, resulting in a perception among many 

indoor growers that law enforcement is reluctant to 

seize plants or arrest growers. 

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting

The primary cannabis planting, growing, and harvesting seasons for southern, central, and northern California are similar and typically occur from April through October. Cannabis seeds or seedlings are planted in spring, usually in April or May, and tended through the summer; they reach 

plant maturity in September or October. However, this time frame can differ if cultivators plant 

early by operating cannabis seed beds in an indoor operation for subsequent seedling transfer to 

outdoor gardens as soon as the threat of frost has passed. Moreover, law enforcement officials have 

reported a relatively new trend in which cultivators are harvesting the crop or the bud from the 

plants as early as July to maximize profits and avoid possible loss through law enforcement seizure 

during late season eradication operations. 

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas

Outdoor cannabis cultivation operations, once concentrated in central and southern California, are 

becoming increasingly prevalent in the remote regions of northern California, particularly in Lake, 

Shasta, and Mendocino Counties. Eradication data indicate that between 2005 and 2006, increases in 

eradication in northern California counties overshadowed moderate increases occurring in southern 

California Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Entire state

Top five cultivation counties: Lake, Shasta, Mendocino, San Diego, Riverside

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 3,846,017

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 3,668,744

Total indoor plants eradicated: 177,273

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 3,021,240

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

counties. Outdoor cannabis eradication in northern California appears to be most prevalent in the 

following adjacent counties: Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Humboldt, Lake, Lassen, Mendocino, Placer, 

Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Yolo, and Yuba (see Table 9 on page 

17). This increase is attributed primarily to Mexican DTOs expanding operations northward into 

more remote areas of national forests and private lands, particularly mountainous areas, to avoid law 

enforcement detection and discovery through aerial surveillance. However, counties in southern 

California, primarily San Diego County, but also Riverside, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties 

posted significant increases in cannabis eradication in 2006, albeit less than northern counties (see 

Maps 8, 9, and 10 in Appendix B). 

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas 

Indoor cultivation operations in California dramatically increased over the past several years, as 

a result of increased law enforcement pressure on outdoor cultivation, successes in aerial eradication, and improved technology for detecting outdoor grows. Indoor operations are generally conducted by Caucasian independent growers, typically males between the ages of 25 and 35, 

generally cultivating an average of 200 to 300 plants per cultivation cycle. Significant quantities of 

cannabis plants—primarily from Caucasian-operated indoor grows—were seized in Humboldt, 

Alameda, Mendocino, Sacramento, and San Francisco Counties in the first 11 months of 2006 (see 

Table 10 on page 17). Additionally, law enforcement reporting indicates a continuing trend of typically larger, multithousand-plant indoor grows operating in Humboldt County contributing to a rise 

in overall eradication. In fact, DCE/SP data indicate that Humboldt County had the highest reported 

number of indoor plants eradicated between January and November 2006 (31,508), increasing 19 

percent from 26,411 plants in 2005 (see Maps 11 and 12 in Appendix B). 

Although Caucasian criminal groups and independent dealers are the primary indoor cultivators 

in the state of California, law enforcement reporting indicates that Asian DTOs and criminal organizations are increasingly cultivating the drug indoors in several areas of the state. Asian organizations have been identified in central and northern California—specifically the San Francisco Bay 

area. For example, an Asian organization was recently discovered operating indoor grow sites in 41 

residences in the Sacramento and Stockton, California, areas. These indoor operations were typically located in residential housing within suburban neighborhoods in which entire houses had been 

converted into highly sophisticated cultivation operations. 

Campaign Against Marijuana Planting (CAMP)

CAMP is a multiagency law enforcement task force managed by the California Department of 

Justice, Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement, and composed of local, state and federal agencies. 

CAMP agents are broken into five teams covering northern, central, and southern California 

regions. CAMP members are assisted in their eradication efforts by the U.S. Drug Enforcement 

Administration, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest 

Service, the California National Guard, the California Department of Fish and Game, the California State Parks, and dozens of county sheriff agencies and local police departments. 

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Table 9. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in California, 2006*

County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Lake 346,415

2. Shasta 264,287

3. San Diego 241,449

4. Mendocino 239,076

5. Riverside 210,005

6. Tehama 191,863

7. Fresno 172,075

8. San Bernardino 136,595

9. Tuolumne 126,706

10. Santa Clara 125,947

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of 

the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.

Table 10. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated

Top 10 Counties in California, 2006*

County Indoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Humboldt 31,508

2. Alameda 29,428

3. Mendocino 17,443

4. Sacramento 16,901

5. San Francisco 12,745

6. San Diego 10,849

7. Sonoma 9,080

8. San Mateo 7,980

9. San Luis Obispo 7,499

10. San Joaquin 6,100

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Hawaii

Hawaii has long been a primary source area for high 

potency marijuana; however, law enforcement pressure and increased interdiction efforts have led to a 

slight decline in overall marijuana production in the 

state in recent years. Despite increased law enforcement focus, local and Polynesian DTOs, Asian and 

Caucasian groups, and independent dealers continue to 

cultivate cannabis, primarily on the island of Hawaii. 

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting

Because of the tropical climate in the Hawaiian 

Islands, cannabis is planted and harvested yearround. The suitable climate combined with nutrientrich soils provides optimal cultivation conditions for 

growers to plant and harvest marijuana at any time 

of the year. As a result, no distinct planting or harvesting seasons exist. 

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas

Despite considerable decreases in outdoor cannabis 

eradication rates in Hawaii since 2001, the state consistently ranks among the top four states for 

the amount of cannabis eradicated each year. Law enforcement reporting indicates that most cannabis is cultivated on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Kauai, and Oahu—four of the eight separate 

islands composing the state. In addition, according to eradication data, domestic marijuana is cultivated primarily on State Division of Land and Natural Resources lands in Hawaii and Maui 

Counties. DEA Honolulu District Office reports that of the 159,702 plants eradicated from outdoor grow sites in the state of Hawaii from January through November 2006, 75 percent were cultivated on public lands owned by the state of Hawaii. Specifically, NPS reports significant 

cannabis cultivation in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaii. Outdoor cultivation operations are conducted primarily by local and Polynesian DTOs and Asians, as well as 

some Caucasians, particularly those who have relocated to Hawaii from the U.S. mainland (see 

Maps 13 and 14 in Appendix B).

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas

Indoor cannabis cultivation in Hawaii occurs less frequently than outdoor cultivation; however, 

indoor cultivation appears to be stable or possibly increasing. According to DCE/SP, the number of 

plants eradicated from indoor operations increased sharply from 314 plants in 2002 to 3,519 in 

2003 and increased again in 2005 to 3,950. Moreover, DEA Honolulu District Office reports that 

the number of indoor cultivation sites seized increased from 13 in 2005 to 37 as of October 31, 

2006. Local Hawaiians, Caucasian independents, and Asian organizations operate most indoor 

grow sites in Hawaii (see Maps 15 and 16 in Appendix B). 

Hawaii Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation areas: Hawaii and Maui 

Counties

Top two cultivation counties: Hawaii and Maui 

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 187,707

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 175,730

Total indoor plants eradicated: 11,977

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 255,113

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

Oregon 

Outdoor cannabis cultivation appears to be 

increasing in Oregon, including on public lands, primarily because of an increase in outdoor cultivation 

by Mexican DTOs operating large-scale cannabis 

grow sites.

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting 

Oregon’s temperate climate, rich soil, and vast 

expanses of remote, forested areas are particularly 

conducive to outdoor cannabis cultivation. Outdoor 

cannabis cultivation in Oregon typically spans the 

months of May through October; however, weather 

conditions and the use of seeds and cloned starter 

plants can extend or reduce the growing season. In 

the eastern region of Oregon—east of the Cascade 

Mountains—cultivation operations begin as early as 

March or April, although most planting usually 

occurs in May. Weather conditions during the growing months significantly influence the harvest time, 

but plants typically are harvested during August and September. West of the Cascades, sites 

are usually planted in June, tended through summer, and harvested in September and October. 

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas 

The number of large-scale outdoor marijuana grow sites in Oregon is increasing and will quite 

likely continue to increase as Mexican DTOs currently operating in the state expand their operations. Several counties in Oregon—particularly in the southwestern section of the state—have been 

identified by law enforcement as counties experiencing significant Mexican DTO-controlled cannabis cultivation. In addition to Mexican DTOs, Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers cultivate cannabis outdoors; however, Caucasian-controlled grow sites are generally much 

smaller and contain fewer plants. According to eradication data and law enforcement reporting, 

most outdoor cannabis cultivation in 2006 appears to have occurred in Jackson, Grant, Josephine, 

Wheeler, and Linn Counties (see Table 11 on page 20). Many of the cannabis cultivation operations 

in these counties have been located on remote lands in national forests and on tribal lands, primarily 

in the northwestern section of Oregon. Areas where cultivation has been particularly high include 

the Deschutes, Siskiyou, Umatilla, and Wallowa-Whitman National Forests and Native American 

tribal lands, including the Umatilla Indian Reservation (see Maps 17 and 18 in Appendix B). 

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas

Indoor cannabis cultivation in Oregon is much less prominent than outdoor cultivation. According to the Oregon Department of Justice, indoor cannabis eradication is highest in Multnomah, followed by Lincoln, Douglas, and Marion Counties (see Table 12 on page 20). Most indoor cannabis 

grow sites are controlled by Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers; however, anecdotal reporting indicates that Asian organizations have become increasingly involved in indoor cultivation over the past year. Caucasian criminal groups and independent growers typically operate 

indoor grow sites that average 50 to 100 plants per cultivation cycle, particularly in the Portland 

area (see Maps 19 and 20 in Appendix B). 

Oregon Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Northwestern region of 

the state

Top five cultivation counties: Jackson, Grant, 

Josephine, Wheeler, and Linn

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 139,409

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 134,191 

Total indoor plants eradicated: 5,218

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 91,829

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Table 11. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in Oregon, 2006*

County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Jackson 50,995

2. Grant 20,138

3. Josephine 15,739

4. Wheeler 12,000

5. Linn 11,113

6. Coos 7,899

7. Union 4,800

8. Tillamook 2,988

9. Douglas 2,836

10. Lane 2,531

Source: Oregon Department of Justice; Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service. 

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.

Table 12. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in Oregon, 2006*

County Indoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Multnomah 1,639

2. Lincoln 883

3. Douglas 475

4. Marion 444

5. Lane 335

6. Wasco 287

7. Benton 260

8. Klamath 257

9. Jackson 205

10. Coos 162

Source: Oregon Department of Justice; Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. 

*Date for 2006 data represent January through November 2006. 

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

Washington

Cannabis cultivation is increasing in Washington. 

Outdoor cannabis cultivation is expanding primarily 

because of increased cultivation by Mexican DTOs. 

Indoor cultivation—particularly in the Puget Sound 

area—also is increasing, as a result of an influx of 

Canadian-based Asian DTOs experienced in indoor 

cultivation techniques. 

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting 

Planting and harvesting times differ greatly in 

Washington, depending on the location in the state; 

Washington, much like Oregon, is divided into two 

distinct east and west sections that are separated by the 

Cascade Mountains. In the east, planting begins as 

early as March or April, with most planting occurring 

in May. Depending on the weather conditions during 

the summer months as well as other factors, including 

the use of cloned seedlings versus seeds, crops typically are harvested between August and September. 

West of the Cascade Mountains, planting and harvesting occur later in the year. Planting typically 

begins in June, and harvest occurs in September or early October. 

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas 

Cannabis cultivation in outdoor sites is most prevalent in eastern Washington because of the 

area’s climate. Large outdoor growing operations in eastern Washington, which typically are controlled by Mexican DTOs, are usually located in remote areas near water sources on federal or state 

lands. Counties reporting the highest plant eradication for 2006 include Yakima, Franklin, Chelan, 

Stevens, and Benton (see Table 13 on page 22). The Northwest HIDTA reports that the counties 

accounting for much of the outdoor cannabis cultivation in the state—which are largely the counties 

with the highest eradication—are Yakima, Chelan, Franklin, Grant, Benton, Douglas, and Ferry. 

Following the seizure of a single 64,000-plant plot on the Yakima Indian Reservation in 2004, many 

cultivators stopped planting large plots and now plant several smaller plots instead to reduce their 

losses if a plot is eradicated. Cultivators also commingle cannabis plants with legitimate crops such 

as corn and olive trees to conceal cannabis plants (see Maps 21 and 22 in Appendix B). 

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas

Indoor cannabis cultivation sites are typically operated by Caucasian independent growers and 

are more common in urban areas. However, some Vietnamese DTOs have relocated their high 

potency indoor cannabis cultivation operations from Canada to the Puget Sound area, primarily to 

avoid seizures of their marijuana at the U.S.–Canada border. As a result, there has been an increase 

in the availability of higher potency marijuana in local drug markets. King, Pierce, and Snohomish 

Counties are the primary indoor cultivation areas for Asian DTOs and criminal groups, according 

to reporting from the Northwest HIDTA, DEA, and other law enforcement agencies. These counties are also among the highest overall indoor cannabis eradication counties in Oregon (see Table 

14 on page 22, and Maps 23 and 24 in Appendix B). 

Washington Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Eastern section of the 

state

Top five cultivation counties: Yakima, King, Franklin, Chelan, and Stevens

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 133,778

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 101,339 

Total indoor plants eradicated: 32,439

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 170,255

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Table 13. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in Washington, 2006*

County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Yakima 51,730

2. Franklin 15,382

3. Chelan 7,802

4. Stevens 4,677

5. Benton 4,163

6. Grant 4,019

7. Grays Harbor County 3,319

8. Walla Walla County 3,102

9. Douglas County 1,588

10. Klickitat County 1,389

Source: Northwest High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area; Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. 

Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006. 

Table 14. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated

Top 10 Counties in Washington, 2006*

County Indoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. King 17,618

2. Whatcom 2,298

3. Pierce 2,077

4. Spokane 1,688

5. Stevens 1,650

6. Snohomish 1,488

7. Clark 1,366

8. Kitsap 1,095

9. Skagit 484

10. Thurston 441

Source: Northwest High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area; Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program.

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.

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Appalachian Region

Cannabis cultivation in the Appalachian Region of the United States occurs primarily in portions 

of Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A relatively high poverty rate in these areas contributes to an acceptance of cannabis cultivation by many local residents. In some Appalachian counties, more than 30 percent of the population lives in poverty, and in impoverished communities 

some residents regard marijuana production as a necessary means of supplementing low incomes. 

In these communities cannabis cultivation is often a multigenerational trade as young family members are introduced to the trade by older members who have produced the drug for many years. 

Kentucky

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting

Cannabis growers in Kentucky typically cultivate 

plots between March and October; however, several 

factors, including the weather and the use of cloned 

starter plants, can extend or reduce the growing season. Cannabis planting in Kentucky typically starts in 

March. However, because the winter of 2006 was very 

mild, many growers who started their plants indoors 

were able to transplant the seedlings outside much earlier than in most years. Kentucky State Police Marijuana Suppression Unit reports that approximately 10 

to 15 percent of all cultivators start their plants 

indoors. No discernible differences exist for planting 

and harvesting times in various regions of the state.

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas 

Most outdoor cultivation in Kentucky occurs in the 

southeastern section of the state on remote areas of 

public and private lands; however, increased and 

improved eradication efforts have led some growers to shift their operations to counties with less 

eradication pressure. The highest eradication totals were reported in the southeastern section of Kentucky from January to November 2006 in the following counties: Knox, Bell, Leslie, Letcher, Clay, 

Perry, Breathitt, Wayne, Knott, and Whitley (see Table 15 on page 24). The focused eradication in 

these counties has contributed to a shift toward cultivation in other counties. For example, law 

enforcement reporting indicates that cultivation in Breathitt County is increasing after years of 

decreased cultivation, largely because of eradication pressure in surrounding counties. In addition, 

since 2003, cultivation has been increasing in areas where commercial logging is occurring, especially in the Daniel Boone National Forest. After land has been cleared as a result of logging operations, criminal groups and independent growers use the space for cannabis cultivation. Most 

cannabis cultivation operations in Kentucky are composed of families or small groups rather than 

large DTOs. These groups typically plant smaller plots, having averaged 67 plants per site in 2006 

(see Maps 25, 26, 27, and 28 in Appendix B). 

Indoor Cannabis Cultivation Areas

Eradication data and law enforcement reporting reveal that indoor cannabis cultivation is limited in 

Kentucky but may be increasing. According to DCE/SP data for 2006, 1,027 plants were eradicated 

Kentucky Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Southeastern section 

of the state

Top five cultivation counties: Knox, Bell, Leslie, 

Letcher, and Clay

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 527,820

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 526,691

Total indoor plants eradicated: 1,129

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 736,991

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

from 35 indoor grow operations in Kentucky as of November 30. However, law enforcement agencies 

report that they have been unable to locate several other indoor grow sites operating within the state. 

Eradication data indicate that the limited indoor cultivation in the state occurs primarily in Greenup, 

Bullitt, Meade, and Nelson Counties (see Table 16, and Maps 29 and 30 in Appendix B). 

Table 15. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in Kentucky, 2006*

County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Knox 48,670

2. Bell 39,877

3. Leslie 37,848

4. Letcher 35,814

5. Clay 30,580

6. Perry 30,344

7. Breathitt 29,847

8. Wayne 24,327

9. Knott 23,026

10. Whitley 20,188

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of 

the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006. 

Table 16. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in Kentucky, 2006*

County Indoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Greenup 256

2. Bullitt 216

3. Meade 124

4. Nelson 103

5. Fayette 83

6. Hardin 67

7. Larue 62

8. Boone 27

9. McLean 27

10. Jackson 24

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. 

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006. 

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Tennessee

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting

Cannabis cultivation operations in Tennessee generally extend from March through October; the primary 

planting season is late March and early April. However, some cultivators have been able to harvest a first 

crop in June and replant for a second crop. Generally, 

September and October are the prime harvesting 

months. Harvesting times in Tennessee do not differ 

from one region of the state to another. 

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas 

A great amount of high potency marijuana is produced in Tennessee by local Caucasian producers for 

sale both within and outside the region. Primary outdoor cultivation areas are located in remote areas with 

good growing climates, such as the Smokey Mountains 

of southeastern Tennessee and the Cumberland Plateau 

of northeastern Tennessee. The numerous streams, 

creeks, and rivers within these areas help provide cultivation sites with the necessary water to support plant 

growth during the summer months. Of the top five cannabis eradication counties in Tennessee in 

2006, four were located in the Cumberland Plateau: Warren, Cumberland, Fentress, and Morgan. 

On the extreme western side of the Highland Rim in the middle section of the state, Wayne, Hickman, and Lawrence Counties also reported high plant eradication in 2006 (see Table 17). Although 

Table 17. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties in Tennessee, 2006*

County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Warren 181,671

2. Cumberland 88,919

3. Fentress 43,828

4. Morgan 42,121

5. Wayne 40,641

6. Van Buren 37,308

7. Hickman 27,853

8. Grundy 26,757

9. Lawrence 26,553

10. Campbell 19,662

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

*Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006. 

Tennessee Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation areas: Cumberland Valley 

and Smokey Mountains in the northeastern and 

southwestern sections of the state

Top five cultivation counties: Warren, Cumberland, Fentress, Morgan, and Wayne 

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 662,135

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 662,024

Total indoor plants eradicated: 111

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 463,557

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

these counties account for most of the cultivation in Tennessee, significant cannabis cultivation 

occurs in other counties, but it fluctuates from year to year. In fact, counties where cultivation has 

been dormant for several years have reemerged as significant sources of marijuana. For example, 

the number of cannabis plants eradicated in Sequatchie County in the Cumberland Valley—a 

county where cultivation had been low for several years—increased from 783 plants in 2005 to 

10,846 plants in 2006, according to DCE/SP data (see Maps 31, 32, 33, and 34 in Appendix B). 

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas 

Indoor cannabis cultivation in Tennessee is limited. In 2005, DCE/SP data showed that only 653 

plants were seized from 3 counties and most (611 plants) were seized in Cocke County, followed 

by Montgomery County (33), and Campbell County (9) (see Map 35 in Appendix B). As of 

November 2006, DCE/SP did not report any indoor grow operation seizures in the state of Tennessee. Although indoor cultivation is limited, law enforcement has seized advanced indoor grow 

operations in past years (see text box). Although not reported to DCE/SP, the Tennessee Bureau of 

Investigation (TBI) seized a single indoor grow operation in Franklin County in June 2006, resulting in the eradication of 111 plants. 

Indoor Cannabis Operation Seized From Cave Under Residence 

In December 2005 the 15th Judicial District Task Force (JDTF), assisted by the 18th JDTF, the 

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Immigration and Customs 

Enforcement (ICE), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Lafayette Police Department, 

and the Trousdale County Sheriff’s Office seized a sophisticated indoor cannabis operation in 

Hartsville, Trousdale County, Tennessee. The indoor operation was located in a man-made 

cave cut into the limestone under and adjacent to a private residence and was capable of producing six grows per year. Law enforcement officials seized 853 plants under cultivation. The 

entrance was sealed with a hydraulic door, and the growing area was equipped with custom irrigation systems and lighting, as well as humidity control devices. 

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

West Virginia

Outdoor Planting and Harvesting

Cannabis cultivation in West Virginia extends from 

March through October. Cannabis typically is planted 

in March or April, tended through the summer, and 

harvested in September or early October. 

Primary Outdoor Cultivation Areas

The amount of cannabis cultivated in West Virginia 

is lower than that of other areas in the Appalachian 

Region; the marijuana produced usually is consumed 

locally. The amount of marijuana produced in West 

Virginia does not come close to supplying demand 

throughout the state; therefore, a significant amount of 

Mexican marijuana is smuggled to West Virginia. 

Cannabis cultivation is often a primary source of 

income for residents in southwestern portions of West 

Virginia, the primary cultivation area in the state, 

which generally is economically depressed, with an 

unemployment rate of nearly 50 percent. This section 

of the state is particularly conducive to cannabis cultivation because of the vast tracts of remote, 

mountainous terrain in the Appalachian Mountains, consistent rainfall, and moderate temperatures 

during the growing season. According to 2005 and 2006 eradication data and law enforcement 

reporting, the primary counties for cannabis eradication include Monroe, Wayne, Logan, Kanawha, 

Clay, Mingo, Boone, Mason, McDowell, and Gilmer (see Table 18 on page 28). The West Virginia 

Metropolitan Drug Enforcement Network Teams Eradication Unit reports that it discovers an average of 600 cannabis cultivation sites each year in the southwestern region. Although most plots are 

relatively small, at least six sites in this region contained at least 1,000 plants each in 2006 (see 

Maps 36, 37, 38, and 39 in Appendix B).

Primary Indoor Cultivation Areas

Indoor cultivation in West Virginia is far more limited than outdoor cultivation; however, the 

eradication and investigation of indoor operations is increasing because of a rise in law enforcement resources committed to such investigations in some counties. According to DCE/SP, the 

number of indoor operations seized increased from 34 in 2005 to 60 in 2006, but the number of 

plants eradicated rose from 843 to 1,165 during that same period. Most of the plants (1,151 of 

1,165) eradicated in 2006 were eradicated from 14 sites in Kanawha and Gilmer Counties (see 

Table 19 on page 28, and Maps 40 and 41 in Appendix B). 

West Virginia Cultivation Statistics

Primary cultivation area: Southwestern section 

of the state

Top five cultivation counties: Monroe, Wayne, 

Logan, Kanawha, and Clay

2006*

Total plants eradicated: 64,974

Total outdoor plants eradicated: 63,809

Total indoor plants eradicated: 1,165

2005

Total cannabis plants eradicated: 57,600

*County-level data represent January through November 

2006 and include reporting from the Domestic Cannabis 

Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the 

Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Table 18. Number of Outdoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 10 Counties* in West Virginia, 2006**

County Outdoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Monroe 17,505

2. Wayne 12,906

3. Logan 9,709

4. Kanawha 6,027

5. Clay 4,543

6. Mingo 4,221

7. Boone 3,229

8. Mason 1,542

9. McDowell 1,150

10. Gilmer 780

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program; U.S. Department of 

the Interior; U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

*As of January 2007, data for 2006 were available for HIDTA counties only.

**Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.

Table 19. Number of Indoor Cannabis Plants Eradicated 

Top 5 Counties* in West Virginia, 2006**

County Indoor Cannabis Eradicated

1. Kanawha 845

2. Gilmer 306

3. Mason 6

4. Boone 5

5. Logan 3

Source: Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

*As of November 2006, data for 2006 were available for HIDTA counties only. 

**Data for 2006 represent January through November 2006.

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Appendix B. Maps

1. Cannabis Eradication by State, Outdoor Plants Seized, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

2. Cannabis Eradication by State, Indoor Plants Seized, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3. Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, by State and National Forest, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

7. Indoor Plants Seized in Florida, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

8. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

9. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in California, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

10. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

11. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

12. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

13. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

14. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

15. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

16. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

17. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

18. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

19. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

20. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

21. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

22. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

23. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

24. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

25. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

26. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

27. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

28. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

29. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

30. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

31. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

32. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

33. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

34. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

35. Indoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

36. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

37. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

38. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

39. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

40. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

41. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 1. Cannabis Eradication by State, Outdoor Plants Seized, 2006.

ND

275

NM

2,502

CO

3,848

UT

5,433

NV

1,704

ID

6,472

MI

20,913

LA

3,562

AR

12,843

GA

65,17

MS

2,346

AL

53,297

TX

4,899

TN

483,231

OK

18,634 AZ 154,793

MO

19,306

KS 

3,303 KY

557,628

IL

5,229

OH

34,428

CA 3,674,069

IN

21,122

NE

183

IA

169

OR 187,548 MN

825

WI

5,134

WY

SD

56

MT6

WA 115,459

AK 

262

HI

188,742

Map 1. Cannabis Eradication by State, 

Outdoor Plants Seized, 2006

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 2. Cannabis Eradication by State, Indoor Plants Seized, 2006. 

LA

1,605

AR

680

MS 

53

NM

753

TX

7,905

OK

444 AZ 537

MO

2,004

KS 

436 

CO

3,667

IL 2,451

CA 203,559

UT

1,190

NV

1,782

IN

4,7

NE

341

IA

OR 6,905 MN 3,937 

ID

339 WI

3,291

WY

151

SD

19

ND

13

MT 691

WA 43,416

AK 

5,901

HI

12,358

Map 2. Cannabis Eradication by State

Indoor Plants Seized, 2006

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program. 

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 3. Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006.

CA 3,877,628

TN

483,342

AZ

155,330

KY

558,756

OR 194,453

WA 158,875

MI

26,813

AR

13,523

G

66,

AL

53,554

TX

12,804

OK

19,078

MO

21,310

OH

IN 42,300

25,873

LA

5,167

MS

2,399

NM

3,255

KS

3,739

CO

7,515

IL 

7,680 UT 6,623

NV

3,486

MN

4,762

ID

6,811 WI

8,425

NE

524

IA

169

WY

151

ND

288

MT

697

SD

75

AK 6,163

HI

201,100

Map 3. Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 

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37

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 4. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2006.

PIMA

78

COCONINO

40

NAVAJO

4,476

YAVAPAI

503

MARICOPA

1,757

GILA

63,713

MOHAVE

APACHE

YUMA

PINAL

COCHISE

LA PAZ

GRAHAM

GREENLEE

Map 4. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized

in Arizona, by County, 2006

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39

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 5. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Arizona, by County, 2005.

PIMA

180

COCONINO

17

MOHAVE

13

MARICOPA

932

GILA

20,965

COCHISE

52

APACHE NAVAJO

YAVAPAI

YUMA

PINAL

LA PAZ

GRAHAM

GREENLEE

Map 5. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized

in Arizona, by County, 2005

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41

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 6. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, by State and National Forest, 2006.

Mt. Baker 54

Huron

Manistee

819

Shawnee

11

Mark Twain 166

NFS in Alabama 5,377

Ozark St. Francis 22

Ouachita 6,302

Daniel

Boone

148,828

Cherok

Chattahooche

& Oconee 18

Willamette 1,395

Wenatch 1 ee 4,432

W

Wallowa himan 3,000

Umpqua 33

Siuslaw 48

Siskiyou 1,000 Rogue R 4 iver ,869

Mt. Hood 75

Colville 224

Stanislaus 65,072

Six Rivers 25,901

Sierra 60,866

Shasta Trinity 118,797

Sequoia 89,585

San

15

Bernardino 7,994

Plumas 55,673 Mendocino 405,399

Los Padres 80,796

Lassen 8,200

Klamath 34,356

Cleveland 13,478

Angeles 13,174

Humbolt/Toiyable 1,753

Tonto 65,947

Lincoln & Prescott 6,102 Coconino 500

Idaho Panhandle 22

Gallatin 6

CALIFOR 3,877 NIA ,628

TENNESSEE

483,342

ARIZONA 155,330

KENTUCKY

558,756

O

1

REGON 94,453

WASHINGTON 158,875

MICHIGAN

26,813

ARKANSAS

13,523

GE

6

ALABAMA

53,554

TEXAS

12,804

OKLAHOMA

19,078

MISSOURI

21,310 

OHI

42,3

INDIANA

25,873

LOUISIANA

5,167

MISSISSIPPI

2,399

NEW MEXICO 3,255

KANSAS

3,739

COLORADO 7,515

ILLINOIS

7,680

UTAH 6,623

NEVADA 3,486

MINNESOTA

4,762 

IDAHO 6,811 WISCONSIN 8,425

NEBRASKA

524

IOWA

169

WYOMING

151

NORTH DAKOTA

288

MONTANA 697

SOUTH DAKOTA

75

Map 6. Domestic Cannabis Eradication, 

by State and National Forest, 2006

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration's Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Cannabis Eradication by National Forest, 2006

100,000 +50,000 - 99,99910,000 - 49,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99

Cannabis Eradication by State, 2006

1,000,000 +100,000 - 999,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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43

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 7. Indoor Plants Seized in Florida, by County, 2006.

POLK

732

COLLIER

492

LAKE

3

MARION

16

LEE

912

BAY

23

PALM BEACH

1,114

MIAMI-DADE

11,596

HENDRY

171

VOLUSIA

16

WALTON

83

DUVAL

1,078

CLAY

95

GLADES

432

BROWARD

2,305

ORANGE

38

PASCO

17

GULF

20

ALACHUA

299 PUTNAM 151

HIGHLANDS

5

BAKER

5

CITRUS

6

SANTA ROSA

8

WAKULLA

2

ST. LUCIE

3,750

OKALOOSA

5 NASSAU

104

HILLSBOROUGH

146

OKEECHOBEE

6

FLAGLER

4

SARASOTA

194

WASHINGTON

20

HERNANDO

170

UNION

9

SEMINOLE

236

PINELLAS

389

LEVY

OSCEOLA

DIXIE

TAYLOR

LEON

BREVARD

LIBERTY

JACKSON

MONROE

MARTIN

MANATEE

DESOTO

MADISON

HARDEE

COLUMBIA

SUMTER

SUWANNEE

CHARLOTTE

CALHOUN

HOLMES

GADSDEN JEFFERSON

FRANKLIN

HAMILTON

LAFAYETTE

INDIAN RIVER

ST. JOHNS

ESCAMBIA

GILCHRIST

BRADFORD

Map 7. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Florida, by County, 2006

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

0 50 100

Miles

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

NDIC 2007012507PKB

 (January through October 2006)

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45

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 8. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006.

KERN

67,156

SAN BERNARDINO

136,595

FRESNO

172,075

RIVERSIDE

210,005

SISKIYOU

110,199

TULARE

119,655

LASSEN

20,463

SHASTA

264,287 TRINITY

118,104

TEHAMA

191,863

HUMBOLDT

60,892

PLUMAS

64,555

MONTEREY

95,930

MENDOCINO

239,076

LOS ANGELES

37,053

BUTTE

50,320

MADERA

18,598

MERCED

1,948

TUOLUMNE

126,706

SAN LUIS OBISPO

32,358

VENTURA

21,431

LAKE

346,415

GLENN

104,689

SONOMA

124,456

YOLO

28,104

SANTA BARBARA

41,071

EL DORADO

31,432

MARIPOSA

59,959

COLUSA

76,084

SOLANO

56,558

PLACER

17,044

NAPA

39,257

STANISLAUS

2,752

NEVADA

8,611

SAN BENITO

45,216

SAN JOAQUIN

5,501

YUBA

11,417

SANTA CLARA

125,947

DEL NORTE

1,257

CALAVERAS

10,038 MARIN

78,816

SUTTER

3,699

AMADOR

1,015

SAN MATEO

5,850

SANTA CRUZ

42,838

INYO

MODOC

MONO

KINGS

SIERRA

ALPINE

ORANGE

ALAMEDA

CONTRA COSTA

SACRAMENTO

SAN FRANCISCO

Map 8. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in California, by County, 2006

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

200,000 +

 (January through November 2006)

100,000 - 199,999

10,000 - 99,999

1,000 - 9,999

100 - 999

1 - 99

None reported

Public lands

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47

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 9. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in California, by County, 2006.

Map 9. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized 

in California, by County, 2006

Public lands

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

200,000 +

100,000 - 199,999

10,000 - 99,999

1,000 - 9,999

100 - 999

1 - 99

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2006

by Number of Plants

 (January through October 2006)

None reported

1 - 99

100 - 999

1,000 - 9,999

10,000 - 19,999

20,000 - 54,720

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49

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 10. Outdoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005.

INYO

LASSEN

MODOC

MONO

PLUMAS

KINGS

SIERRA

ALPINE

ORANGE

MARIN

ALAMEDA

CONTRA COSTA

SUTTER

SACRAMENTO

SAN FRANCISCO

KERN

61,726

SAN BERNARDINO

20,443

FRESNO

137,600

RIVERSIDE

36,372

SISKIYOU

44,116

TULARE

157,441

SHASTA

218,384 TRINITY

19,127

TEHAMA

81,006

HUMBOLDT

29,361

MONTEREY

23,498

LOS ANGELES

100,236

MENDOCINO

138,084

BUTTE

7,044

MADERA

12,159

MERCED

2,145

TUOLUMNE

35,784

SAN LUIS OBISPO

14,917

VENTURA

9,740

GLENN

6,740

LAKE

136,781

SONOMA

107,631

YOLO

505

SANTA BARBARA

2,306

EL DORADO

22,709

MARIPOSA

5,086

COLUSA

281 PLACER

33

NAPA

75,446

STANISLAUS

NEVADA

21,962

424

SAN BENITO

28,255

YUBA

9,518

SAN JOAQUIN

11,944

SOLANO

40,875

SANTA CLARA

82,106

DEL NORTE

314

CALAVERAS

15,870

AMADOR

3,948

SAN MATEO

167

SANTA CRUZ

11,449

Map 10. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in California, by County, 2005

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

200,000 +

100,000 - 199,999

10,000 - 99,999

1,000 - 9,999

100 - 999

1 - 99

None reported

Public lands

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51

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 11. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2006.

SAN BERNARDINO

2,930

FRESNO

5,872

RIVERSIDE

2,336

SISKIYOU

553

TRINITY

2,042

TEHAMA

192

HUMBOLDT

31,508

MONTEREY

1,460

MENDOCINO

17,443

LOS ANGELES

2,365

BUTTE

354

MERCED

629

TUOLUMNE

126

VENTURA

238

SAN LUIS OBISPO

7,499

PLACER

34

SONOMA

9,080

EL DORADO

350

SANTA BARBARA

165

NAPA

118

SOLANO

113

ALAMEDA

29,428 STANISLAUS

3,663

NEVADA

599

SAN BENITO

596

SAN JOAQUIN

6,100

SANTA CLARA

252

DEL NORTE

399

CALAVERAS

1,702

SACRAMENTO

16,901

SAN MATEO

7,980

SANTA CRUZ

652

SAN FRANCISCO

12,745

INYO

KERN

TULARE

LASSEN

MODOC

MONO

SHASTA

PLUMAS

MADERA

LAKE

KINGS

GLENN

YOLO

COLUSA

MARIPOSA

SIERRA

YUBA

ALPINE

ORANGE

MARIN

CONTRA COSTA

SUTTER

AMADOR

Map 11. Indoor Plants Seized 

in California, by County, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

10,000 +

5,000 - 9,999

1,000 - 4,999

500 - 999

100 - 499

50 - 99

1 - 49

None reported

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 12. Indoor Plants Seized in California, by County, 2005.

HUMBOLDT

26,411

MENDOCINO

13,148

SONOMA

11,049

LAKE

7,581

KERN

1,349

SAN BERNARDINO

2,884

RIVERSIDE

3,462

LOS ANGELES

3,882

MERCED

1,393

STANISLAUS

2,561

SANTA CRUZ

3,521

TEHAMA

547

VENTURA

936

SISKIYOU

356

TRINITY

462

MONTEREY

157

BUTTE

140

TUOLUMNE

164

SAN LUIS OBISPO

225

PLACER

104

EL DORADO

369

SANTA BARBARA

240

NAPA

101

NEVADA

394

SAN BENITO

406

AMADOR

256

SAN MATEO

479

TULARE

69

COLUSA

59

CALAVERAS

86

SHASTA

24

GLENN

42

YUBA

19

SOLANO 9

SAN JOAQUIN

18

DEL NORTE

41

INYO

FRESNO

LASSEN

MODOC

MONO

PLUMAS

MADERA

KINGS

YOLO

MARIPOSA

SIERRA

ALPINE

SANTA CLARA

ORANGE

MARIN

ALAMEDA

CONTRA COSTA

SUTTER

SACRAMENTO

SAN FRANCISCO

Map 12. Indoor Plants Seized 

in California, by County, 2005

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

10,000 +

5,000 - 9,999

1,000 - 4,999

500 - 999

100 - 499

50 - 99

1 - 49

None reported

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55

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 13. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006.

HAWAII

125,614

MAUI

37,814

KAUAI

7,565

HONOLULU

4,737

Map 13. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized

 in Hawaii, by County, 2006

0 20 40

Miles

NDIC 2007012513PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration's Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, andU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2006

 (January through September 2006)

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

200,000 +

Public lands

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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57

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 14. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005.

HAWAII

152,194

MAUI

78,320

KAUAI

3,009

HONOLULU

6,689

Map 14. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized

 in Hawaii, by County, 2005

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012514PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration's Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, andU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2005

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

200,000 +

Public lands

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 15. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2006.

HAWAII

9,819

MAUI

2,158

HONOLULU

KAUAI

Map 15. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Hawaii, by County, 2006

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012515PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

 (January through November 2006)

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 16. Indoor Plants Seized in Hawaii, by County, 2005.

HAWAII

3,875

KAUAI

75

HONOLULU

MAUI

Map 16. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Hawaii, by County, 2005

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012516PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

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63

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 17. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006.

LAKE

1

LANE

2,531

KLAMATH

303

GRANT

20,138

DOUGLAS

2,836

LINN

11,113

WASCO

261

UNION

4,800

JACKSON

50,995

COOS

7,899

CURRY

62

WHEELER

12,000

MARION

36

JOSEPHINE

15,739

POLK

333

LINCOLN

80

TILLAMOOK

2,988

YAMHILL

1,344

BENTON

101

COLUMBIA

132

WASHINGTON

59 MULTNOMAH 440

HARNEY

MA

BAKE

CROOK

UMATILLA 

DESCHUTES

MORROW

JEFFERSON

GILLIAM

CLACKAMAS

CLATSOP

SHERMAN

HOOD RIVER

0 25 50

Miles

Map 17. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in Oregon, by County, 2006

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 18. Outdoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005.

MAL

10

LANE

589

KLAMATH

37

DOUGLAS

3,883

LINN

90

BAKER

6,308

UNION

13

JACKSON

17,835

COOS

42

DESCHUTES

7

CURRY

224

CLACKAMAS

82

MARION

98

JOSEPHINE

153

POLK

190

CLATSOP

155

BENTON

44

COLUMBIA

188

WASHINGTON

102

LAKE

HARNEY

GRANT

CROOK

UMATILLA

WASCO

MORROW

WHEELER

JEFFERSON

GILLIAM

LINCOLN

TILLAMOOK

YAMHILL

SHERMAN

MULTNOMAH HOOD RIVER

0 25 50

Miles

Map 18. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in Oregon, by County, 2005

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 19. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2006.

LAKE

16

LANE

335

KLAMATH

257

DOUGLAS

475

LINN

63

UMATILLA

5

WASCO

287

JACKSON

205

COOS

162

DESCHUTES

95

MARION

444

CLACKAMAS

23

JOSEPHINE

3

POLK

6

LINCOLN

883

YAMHILL

24

BENTON

260

WASHINGTON

36 MULTNOMAH 1,639

HARNEY

MA

GRANT

BAKE

CROOK

UNION

CURRY

MORROW

WHEELER

JEFFERSON

GILLIAM

TILLAMOOK

CLATSOP

SHERMAN

COLUMBIA

HOOD RIVER

0 25 50

Miles

Map 19. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Oregon, by County, 2006

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 20. Indoor Plants Seized in Oregon, by County, 2005.

MA

LANE

1,095

KLAMATH

202

DOUGLAS

460

LINN

18

UMATILLA

2

UNION

115

JACKSON

262

COOS

69

DESCHUTES

630

CURRY

137

MARION

242

JOSEPHINE

1,362

POLK

4

TILLAMOOK

3

BENTON

65

COLUMBIA

15

WASHINGTON

3 MULTNOMAH 2,198

LAKE

HARNEY

GRANT

BAKE

CROOK

WASCO

MORROW

WHEELER

JEFFERSON

GILLIAM

CLACKAMAS

LINCOLN

CLATSOP

YAMHILL

SHERMAN

HOOD RIVER

0 25 50

Miles

Map 20. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Oregon, by County, 2005

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Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 21. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006.

YAKIMA

51,730

KING

113

GRANT

4,019

LEWIS

764

CHELAN

7,802

KITTITAS

168

LINCOLN

8

ADAMS

447

SKAGIT

243

BENTON

4,163

PIERCE

136

WHATCOM

138

KLICKITAT

1,389

DOUGLAS

1,588

CLALLAM

30

SNOHOMISH

245

SKAMANIA

184

JEFFERSON

111

COWLITZ

110

MASON

443

FRANKLIN

15,382

GRAYS HARBOR

3,319

PACIFIC

267

CLARK

253

WALLA WALLA

3,102

THURSTON

168

KITSAP

203

OKANOGAN

FERRY

WAHKIAKUM

ISLAND

SAN JUAN

0 2

Mi

Map 21. Outdoor Plants Seized

in Washington, by County, 2006

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73

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 22. Outdoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005.

YAKIMA

14,788

OKANOGAN

1,344

KING

32

GRANT

20,518

LEWIS

105

CHELAN

37,026

FERRY

25 

LINCOLN

19

SKAGIT

971

BENTON

3,527

WHATCOM

37

KLICKITAT

1,088

DOUGLAS

3,300

CLALLAM

22

SNOHOMISH

215

SKAMANIA

79

JEFFERSON

52

COWLITZ

62

MASON

196

FRANKLIN

8,386

GRAYS HARBOR

1,532

PACIFIC

55

CLARK

685

WALLA WALLA

2,350

THURSTON

2,173

KITSAP

477

SAN JUAN

95

KITTITAS

ADAMS

PIERCE

WAHKIAKUM

ISLAND

0 2

Mi

Map 22. Outdoor Plants Seized

in Washington, by County, 2005

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75

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 23. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2006.

OKANOGAN

185

GRANT

128

LEWIS

193

CHELAN

51

KING

17,618

KITTITAS

3

LINCOLN

12

SKAGIT

484

PIERCE

2,077

WHATCOM

2,298

CLALLAM

321

SNOHOMISH

1,488

SKAMANIA

251

JEFFERSON

406

COWLITZ

47

MASON

337

GRAYS HARBOR

250

CLARK

1,366

THURSTON

441

KITSAP

1,095

YAKIMA

FERRY

ADAMS

BENTON

KLICKITAT

DOUGLAS

FRANKLIN

PACIFIC

WALLA WALLA

WAHKIAKUM

ISLAND

SAN JUAN

0 2

M

Map 23. Indoor Plants Seized

in Washington, by County, 2006

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77

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 24. Indoor Plants Seized in Washington, by County, 2005.

YAKIMA

1,418

OKANOGAN

52

GRANT

3

LEWIS

941

CHELAN

60

KING

17,103

FERRY

65 

KITTITAS

100

LINCOLN

28

SKAGIT

988

PIERCE

2,005

BENTON

165

WHATCOM

338

KLICKITAT

67

DOUGLAS

23

CLALLAM

311

SNOHOMISH

1,562

SKAMANIA

102

JEFFERSON

385

COWLITZ

58

MASON

1,893

CLARK

1,042

THURSTON

1,039

KITSAP

949

WAHKIAKUM

23

ADAMS

FRANKLIN

GRAYS HARBOR

PACIFIC

WALLA WALLA

ISLAND

SAN JUAN

0 2

M

Map 24. Indoor Plants Seized

in Washington, by County, 2005

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79

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 25. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006.

OHIO

794

HARDIN

1,438

PULASKI

2,020

LOGAN

1,279

TRIGG

111

HART

5,129

GRAVES

316

CHRISTIAN

890

WAYNE

24,327

TODD

875

CASEY

1,622

ADAIR

2,379

WARREN

310

HOPKINS

3,781

BARREN

743

OWEN

322

LAU

1,2

DAVIESS

24

GRAYSON

153

BUTLER

283

ALLEN

241

NELSON

8,310

WHIT

20,1

MADISON

470

LYON

132

SHELBY

650

MEADE

1,629

HENRY

264

MARION

6,848

SCOTT

110

GREEN

3,381

CALLOWAY

575

BRECKINRIDGE

2,629

LARUE

4,709

MCCREARY

1,791

LINCOLN

1,077

MONROE

12,637

HENDERSON

54

GRANT

533

CLAR

29 BULLITT 242

WEBSTER

381

TAYLOR

1,936

MUHLENBERG

698

MARSHALL

227

HARRISON

355

MCLEAN

285

CRITTENDEN

29

MERCER

250

BOYLE

808

EDMONSON

2,118

SIMPSON

750

CLINTON

11,620

SPENCER

87

BRA

3

CARLISLE

7

CALDWELL

7,439

RUSSELL

2,087

LIVINGSTON

1,202

BALLARD

19

METCALFE

5,798

PENDLETON

48

ROCKCASTLE

4,658

GARRARD

548

WASHINGTON

6,207

FRANKLIN

475

HANCOCK

77

N

ANDERSON

191

TRIMBLE

5,401

WOODFORD

331

JESSAMINE

79

CARROLL

331

GALLATIN

213

ROBE

1

UNION

BOONE

JEFFERSON

FAYETTE

HICKMAN

BOURBON

FULTON

OLDHAM

CUMBERLAND

MCCRACKEN

KENTONCAMPBELL

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, andU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Map 25. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in Kentucky, by County, 2006

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

Public lands

200,000 +100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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81

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 26. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006.

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, andKentucky State Police.

Map 26. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized 

in Kentucky, by County, 2006

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2006by Number of Plants

 (January through October 2006)

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99200,000 +

1 - 99100 - 9991,000 - 9,99910,000 - 19,99920,000 - 54,720Public lands

None reported

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83

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 27. Outdoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005.

OHIO

702

HARDIN

272

PULASKI

1,773

LOGAN

1,108

HART

202

GRAVES

21

CHRISTIAN

199

WAYNE

11,925

CASEY

15,123

ADAIR

5,791

WARREN

198

HOPKINS

2,084

BARREN

1,216

OWEN

324

UNION

54

LAU

3,9

DAVIESS

113

GRAYSON

288

BUTLER

339

ALLEN

1,118

NELSON

6,900

WHIT

5,49

MADISON

1,329

LYON

71

SHELBY

309

HENRY

389

MARION

4,967

SCOTT

279

GREEN

1,967

CALLOWAY

343

BRECKINRIDGE

901

LARUE

2,688

MCCREARY

175

LINCOLN

187

MONROE

11,796

GRANT

150

BULLITT

2,406

WEBSTER

118

TAYLOR

6,257

JEFFERSON

367

MUHLENBERG

643

BOONE

37

HARRISON

877

MERCER

241

BOURBON

64 

BALLARD

97

BOYLE

92

EDMONSON

269

SIMPSON

1,026

CLINTON

5,671

OLDHAM

44

SPENCER

84

BRAC

24

CALDWELL

210

RUSSELL

3,039

METCALFE

5,638

FULTON

200

PENDLETON

115

ROCKCASTLE

2,426

GARRARD

1,273

WASHINGTON

2,096

CUMBERLAND

2,725

FRANKLIN

558

MCCRACKEN

75

HANCOCK

5

KENTON

31

N

ANDERSON

41

TRIMBLE

5,189

WOODFORD

164

JESSAMINE

37

CAMPBELL

58

CARROLL

412

GALLATIN

444

ROBER

7

TRIGG TODD

MEADE CLARK

HENDERSON

FAYETTE

MCLEAN

MARSHALL

CRITTENDEN

HICKMAN

LIVINGSTON

CARLISLE

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, andU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99200,000 +

Map 27. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in Kentucky, by County, 2005

None reportedPublic lands

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85

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 28. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005.

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, andKentucky State Police.

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2005by Number of Plants

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99200,000 +

1 - 99100 - 9991,000 - 9,99910,000 - 19,99920,000 - 54,720Public lands

Map 28. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized 

in Kentucky, by County, 2005

None reported

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87

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 29. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2006.

OHIO

2

HARDIN

67

PULASKI

14

TRIGG

1

HART

2

LA

DAVIESS

2

NELSON

103

MADISON

6

MEADE

124

LARUE

62

CALLOWAY

11

BRECKINRIDGE

6

BULLITT

216

BOONE

27

FAYETTE

83

MUHLENBERG

13

MCLEAN

27

CRITTENDEN

8

SIMPSON

3

SPENCER

16

PENDLETON

19

ROCKCASTLE

10

LOGAN

GRAVES 

TODD

WAYNE

CHRISTIAN

CASEY

ADAIR

WARREN

HOPKINS

BARREN

OWEN

UNION

GRAYSON

BUTLER

ALLEN

WH

LYON

SHELBY

HENRY

SCOTT

MARION

GREEN

MCCREARY

LINCOLN

MONROE

GRANT

CLA

HENDERSON

TAYLOR

WEBSTER

JEFFERSON

CALDWELL

RUSSELL

HARRISON

MARSHALL

MERCER

HICKMAN

BOURBO

LIVINGSTON

FULTON

BOYLE

BALLARD

METCALFE

EDMONSON

CLINTON

GARRARD

WASHINGTON

OLDHAM

CUMBERLAND

BR

FRANKLIN

MCCRACKEN

HANCOCK

CARLISLE

ANDERSON

TRIMBLE

JESSAMINE

CARROLL

GALLATIN

KENTON

WOODFORD

CAMPBELL

RO

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

0 25 50

Miles

Map 29. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Kentucky, by County, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

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89

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 30. Indoor Plants Seized in Kentucky, by County, 2005.

HARDIN

24

WAYNE

34

CHRISTIAN

1

CASEY

30

ADAIR

6

WARREN

39

HOPKINS

3

OWEN

1

DAVIESS

42

NELSON

10

SHELBY

38

MEADE

1

SCOTT

5

GREEN

3

LARUE

84

HENDERSON

63

TAYLOR

47

FAYETTE

8

CALDWELL

450

RUSSELL

30

METCALFE

147

CLINTON

76

WASHINGTON

166

BRA

FRANKLIN

2

TRIMBLE

8

JESSAMINE

18

OHIO

PULASKI

TRIGG

LOGAN

HART

GRAVES 

TODD

BARREN

UNION

LA

GRAYSON

BUTLER

ALLEN

WHIT

LYON

MADISON

HENRY

MARION

CALLOWAY

BRECKINRIDGE

MCCREARY

LINCOLN

MONROE

GRANT

BULLITT CLAR

WEBSTER

BOONE

JEFFERSON

MUHLENBERG

MCLEAN

HARRISON

MARSHALL

MERCER

CRITTENDEN

HICKMAN

BOURBON

LIVINGSTON

FULTON

BOYLE

BALLARD

SIMPSON

EDMONSON

PENDLETON

GARRARD

ROCKCASTLE

OLDHAM

CUMBERLAND

SPENCER

MCCRACKEN

HANCOCK

CARLISLE

ANDERSON

CARROLL

GALLATIN

KENTON

WOODFORD

CAMPBELL

ROB

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

Map 30. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Kentucky, by County, 2005

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

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91

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 31. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006.

WAYNE

40,641 GILES

458

DYER

745

MAURY

317

OBION

1,010 HENRY

160

SCOT

2,313

POL

2,40

GIBSON

939

HARDIN

1,471

HICKMAN

27,853

LINCOLN

777

MARION

362

CARROLL

362 

MCNAIRY

215

MADISON

496

PERRY

1,590

HARDEMAN

203

RHEA

768

HAMILTON

201

WHITE

2,437

WEAKLEY

1,839

MORGAN

42,121

FRANKLIN

1,817

LAWRENCE

26,553

ROANE

305

DICKSON

240

HAYWOOD

307

STEWART

455

WARREN

181,671

SMITH

502

CUMBERLAND

88,919

BEDFORD

618

PUTNAM

16,632

CLAY

2,411

FENTRESS

43,828

WILLIAMSON

312

RUTHERFORD

352

OVERTON

2,888

HUMPHREYS

1,548

LEWIS

4,288

GRUNDY

26,757

HENDERSON

23

MONTGOMERY

52

JACKSON

4,041

BENTON

1,387

BLEDSOE

2,960

LAUDERDALE

207

DECATUR

744

LAKE

1,695

MARSHALL

378

CHESTER

103

CANNON

89 

CHEATHAM 

1,016

VAN BUREN

37,308

SEQUATCHIE

10,846

PICKETT

18,006

HOUSTON

1,230

MOORE

SHELBY FAYETTE 408

WILSON

SUMNER

TIPTON

COFFEE

MCMINN

DAVIDSON

ROBERTSON MACON

DE KALB

BRADLEY

MEIGS

CROCKETT

TROUSDALE

Map 31. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in Tennessee, by County, 2006

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, andU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

200,000 +

 (January through November 2006)

Public lands100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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93

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 32. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2006.

0 25 50

Miles

Map 32. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized 

in Tennessee, by County, 2006

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2006

 (January through November 2006)

200,000 +

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2006by Number of Plants

 (January through October 2006)

Public lands

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

1 - 99100 - 9991,000 - 9,99910,000 - 19,99920,000 - 54,720

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95

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 33. Outdoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005.

WAYNE

24,697 GILES

3,541

DYER

411

MAURY

273

HENRY

1,762

FAYETTE

103

SCOTT

1,341

POLK

981

GIBSON

380

HARDIN

1,840

WILSON 

89

HICKMAN

14,645

LINCOLN

235

MARION

618

SUMNER

255

CARROLL

926 

MCNAIRY

954

MADISON

105

PERRY

6,390

HARDEMAN

185

RHEA

6,548

HAMILTON

218

WHITE

206

WEAKLEY

624

MORGAN

10,482

FRANKLIN

1,295

LAWRENCE

15,371

ROANE

1,420

DICKSON

1,520

HAYWOOD

47

COFFEE

86 MCMINN

2,400

STEWART

241

SMITH

267

CUMBERLAND

88,961

FENTRESS

55,781

WILLIAMSON

128

RUTHERFORD

42

OVERTON

250

HUMPHREYS

1,581

LEWIS

3,511

GRUNDY

16,163

HENDERSON

90

CLAY

10,918 ROBERTSON 482 

MONTGOMERY 634

DE KALB

185

BRADLEY

1,200

JACKSON

1,724

BENTON

1,801

BLEDSOE

6,867

DECATUR

211

LAKE

777

MARSHALL

102

CHESTER

229

CANNON

1,165

CHEATHAM

1,572

VAN BUREN

31,851

SEQUATCHIE

783

PICKETT

12,413

HOUSTON

1,096 

TROUSDALE

375

SHELBY

OBION

TIPTON

DAVIDSON

WARREN

BEDFORD

PUTNAM

MACON

LAUDERDALE

MEIGS

CROCKETT

MOORE

Map 33. Outdoor Plants Seized 

in Tennessee, by County, 2005

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, andU.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

200,000 +Public lands100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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97

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 34. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005.

0 25 50

Miles

Map 34. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized 

in Tennessee, by County, 2005

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Tennessee Bureau of Investigation.

Cannabis Eradication Sites, 2005by Number of Plants

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

200,000 +

Public lands

1 - 99100 - 9991,000 - 9,99910,000 - 19,99920,000 - 54,720

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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99

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 35. Indoor Plants Seized in Tennessee, by County, 2005.

MONTGOMERY

33

GILES

SHELBY WAYNE

DYER

OBION

HENRY

MAURY

POLK

FAYETTE

SCOTT

GIBSON

HARDIN

WILSON

HICKMAN

LINCOLN MARION

SUMNER

CARROLL

TIPTON

PERRY

MCNAIRY

RHEA

MADISON

WHITE

HARDEMAN

HAMILTON

MORGAN

WEAKLEY

FRANKLIN

LAWRENCE

ROANE

DICKSON

COFFEE

MCMINN

HAYWOOD

STEWART

DAVIDSON

BENTON

SMITH

WARREN

CLAY

BEDFORD

CUMBERLAND

PUTNAM

FENTRESS

WILLIAMSON

LEWIS

OVERTON

RUTHERFORD

HUMPHREYS

GRUNDY

BLEDSOE

MACON

HENDERSON

ROBERTSON

DE KALB

DECATUR

LAUDERDALE

LAKE

BRADLEY

MEIGS

MARSHALL

JACKSON

CHESTER

CANNON

CHEATHAM

CROCKETT

VAN BUREN

PICKETT 

HOUSTON

SEQUATCHIE

MOORE

TROUSDALE

Map 35. Indoor Plants Seized 

in Tennessee, by County, 2005

0 25 50

Miles

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 2005

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

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101

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 36. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006.

KANAWHA

6,027

WAYNE

12,906

BOONE

3,299

CLAY

4,543

LOGAN

9,709

MINGO

4,221

LEWIS

197

MASON

1,542

BRAXTON

753

MONROE

17,505

LINCOLN

686

MCDOWELL

1,150

GILMER

780

CABELL

491

RANDOLPH

HARDY

GREENBRIER

FAYETTE

RALEIGH

PRESTON

GRANT

ROANE

POCAHONTAS

NICHOLAS

WOOD

PENDLETON

RITCHIE

WEBSTER

HAMPSHIRE

TUCKER

WYOMING

MERCER

JACKSON

WIRT

WETZEL

UPSHUR

PUTNAM

TYLER

HARRISON

MARION

MINERAL

SUMMERS

BARBOUR

BERKELEY

CALHOUN

MARSHALL

MONONGALIA

DODDRIDGE

MORGAN

TAYLOR

OHIO

JEFFE

PLEASANTS

BROOKE

HANCOCK

Map 36. Outdoor Plants Seized

 in West Virginia, by County, 2006

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012436PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Public lands

Cannabis Plants Eradicated

 (January through November 20

100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99200,000 +None reported

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103

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 37. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006.

KANAWHA

6,027

WAYNE

12,906

BOONE

3,299

CLAY

4,543

LOGAN

9,709

MINGO

4,221

LEWIS

197

MASON

1,542

BRAXTON

753

MONROE

17,505

LINCOLN

686

MCDOWELL

1,150

GILMER

780

CABELL

491

RANDOLPH

HARDY

GREENBRIER

FAYETTE

RALEIGH

PRESTON

GRANT

ROANE

POCAHONTAS

NICHOLAS

WOOD

PENDLETON

RITCHIE

WEBSTER

HAMPSHIRE

TUCKER

WYOMING

MERCER

JACKSON

WIRT

WETZEL

UPSHUR

PUTNAM

TYLER

HARRISON

MARION

MINERAL

SUMMERS

BARBOUR

BERKELEY

CALHOUN

MARSHALL

MONONGALIA

DODDRIDGE

MORGAN

TAYLOR

OHIO

JEFF

PLEASANTS

BROOKE

HANCOCK

Map 37. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized

 in West Virginia, by County, 2006

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012437PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Serviand West Virginia National Guard.

Cannabis Eradication Sitesby Number of Plants

 (January through September 2

Public lands

Cannabis Plants Eradicated

 (January through November 20

200,000 +1 - 99100 - 9991,000 - 9,99910,000 - 19,99920,000 - 54,720100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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105

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 38. Outdoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005.

RANDOLPH

80

KANAWHA

8,512

GREENBRIER

1,155

FAYETTE

473

WAYNE

7,531

POCAHONTAS

180

PRESTON

1

RALEIGH

805

BOONE

3,948

ROANE

192

NICHOLAS

49

CLAY

581

LOGAN

8,254

MINGO

1,284

LEWIS

52

MASON

2,016

RITCHIE

1,186

BRAXTON

69

MONROE

143

WYOMING

2,024

TUCKER

441

LINCOLN

1,382

JACKSON

3,971

MERCER

472 MCDOWELL 9,363

WIRT

595

WETZEL

38

GILMER

43 UPSHUR

90

PUTNAM

114

SUMMERS

203

MINERAL

46

BARBOUR

838

BERKELEY

31

MARSHALL

188

DODDRIDGE

105

MORGAN

14

CALHOUN

188

JEFFE

PLEASANTS

83

HANCOCK

9

HARDY

GRANT

WOOD

PENDLETON

WEBSTER

HAMPSHIRE

TYLER

HARRISON

MARION

CABELL

MONONGALIA

TAYLOR

OHIO

BROOKE

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012438PKB

Map 38. Outdoor Plants Seized

 in West Virginia, by County, 2005

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

Public lands

Cannabis Plants Eradicated

200,000 +100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported

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107

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 39. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005.

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012439PKB

Map 39. Outdoor Plants and Sites Seized

 in West Virginia, by County, 2005

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Servicand West Virginia National Guard.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated

200,000 +

Cannabis Eradication Sites, by Number of Plants

Public lands100,000 - 199,99910,000 - 99,9991,000 - 9,999100 - 9991 - 99None reported1 - 99100 - 9991,000 - 9,99910,000 - 19,99920,000 - 54,720

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109

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 40. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2006.

KANAWHA

845

BOONE

5

LOGAN

3

MASON

6

GILMER

306

RANDOLPH

HARDY

GREENBRIER

FAYETTE

WAYNE

RALEIGH

PRESTON

GRANT

ROANE

POCAHONTAS

CLAY

NICHOLAS

MINGO

LEWIS

WOOD

PENDLETON

RITCHIE

WEBSTER

HAMPSHIRE

MONROE

BRAXTON

TUCKER

WYOMING

LINCOLN

MERCER

JACKSON

WIRT

MCDOWELL

WETZEL

UPSHUR

PUTNAM

TYLER

HARRISON

MARION

MINERAL

SUMMERS

CABELL

BARBOUR

BERKELEY

CALHOUN

MARSHALL

MONONGALIA

DODDRIDGE

MORGAN

TAYLOR

OHIO

JEFF

PLEASANTS

BROOKE

HANCOCK

Map 40. Indoor Plants Seized

 in West Virginia, by County, 2006

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012438PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

 (January through November 20

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111

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 Map 41. Indoor Plants Seized in West Virginia, by County, 2005.

RANDOLPH

4

KANAWHA

135

GREENBRIER

65

FAYETTE

20

RALEIGH

205

LEWIS

128

PENDLETON

64

HAMPSHIRE

24

TUCKER

10

WETZEL

20

PUTNAM

67

HARRISON

10

BARBOUR

2

BERKELEY

31

MORGAN

4

JEFFE

5

HANCOCK

2

HARDY

WAYNE

BOONE

PRESTON

GRANT

ROANE

POCAHONTAS

CLAY

LOGAN

NICHOLAS

MINGO

MASON

WOOD

RITCHIE

WEBSTER

MONROE

BRAXTON

WYOMING

LINCOLN

MERCER

JACKSON

WIRT

MCDOWELL

GILMER

UPSHUR

TYLER

MARION

MINERAL

SUMMERS

CABELL

CALHOUN

MARSHALL

MONONGALIA

DODDRIDGE

TAYLOR

OHIO

PLEASANTS

BROOKE

0 25 50

Miles

NDIC 2007012441PKB

Source: Drug Enforcement Administration Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program.

Cannabis Plants Eradicated, 

10,000 +5,000 - 9,9991,000 - 4,999500 - 999100 - 49950 - 991 - 49None reported

Map 41. Indoor Plants Seized 

in West Virginia, by County, 2005

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113

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

Sources

Federal 

Executive Office of the President

Office of National Drug Control Policy

High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas

Appalachia 

Arizona

Demand Reduction Office 

Post Seizure Analysis Team

Atlanta

Central Florida

Central Valley California

Marijuana Investigative Team

Chicago

Gulf Coast

Hawaii

Houston

Lake County

Los Angeles

Michigan

Milwaukee

Nevada

New England

New York/New Jersey

Northern California

North Florida

North Texas

Northwest

Ohio

Oregon

Philadelphia/Camden

Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands

Rocky Mountain 

South Florida

Southwest Border

Washington/Baltimore

National Marijuana Initiative

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Forest Service 

National Forest System

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114

Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

University of Mississippi

Potency Monitoring Project

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

U.S. Department of Justice

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

Criminal Division

Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force

Drug Enforcement Administration

Atlanta Field Division

Boston Field Division

Caribbean Field Division

Chicago Field Division

Dallas Field Division

Denver Field Division

Detroit Field Division

Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program

El Paso Field Division

El Paso Intelligence Center 

Houston Field Division

Los Angeles Field Division

Miami Field Division

Newark Field Division

New Orleans Field Division

New York Field Division

Philadelphia Field Division

Phoenix Field Division

San Diego Field Division

San Francisco Field Division

Sacramento District Office

Seattle Field Division

St. Louis Field Division

Washington, D.C., Field Division

Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

U.S. Attorneys’ Offices

Federal Bureau of Investigation

U.S. Department of the Interior

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Bureau of Land Management

Bureau of Reclamation

National Park Service

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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115

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

State 

Alabama

Alabama Bureau of Investigation

Marijuana Eradication Program 

Alabama National Guard

Arizona

Arizona Department of Public Safety 

Arizona State Land Department

Gila County Task Force

Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office

Phoenix Police Department

Arkansas

Arkansas State Police

California 

California Department of Justice

Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement 

Campaign Against Marijuana Planting

Narcotic Information Network 

California National Guard

California Secretary of State 

Connecticut

Southington Police Department

Florida

Domestic Marijuana Eradication Program

Florida National Guard

Office of Agricultural Law Enforcement 

Florida Department of Agricultural and Consumer Services

Florida Department of Law Enforcement

Miami-Dade Police Department 

Port St. Lucie Police Department

Kentucky

Kentucky State Police

Marijuana Suppression Unit

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116

Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

Oregon

Oregon Department of Justice

Tennessee

Lafayette Police Department

Tennessee Bureau of Investigation

Governor’s Task Force for Marijuana Eradication 

Tennessee Judicial Drug Task Forces

15th Judicial District Task Force 

Trousdale County Sheriff’s Office

Texas

Texas Department of Public Safety 

Domestic Marijuana Eradication Program

Washington

Valley Narcotics Enforcement Team 

Washington State Patrol

West Virginia

West Virginia Army National Guard

West Virginia State Police

Bureau of Criminal Investigations

Canada

Government of Ontario

Department of Justice Canada

Legislative Assembly of Ontario

Montreal Police Department

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

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117

Product No. 2007-L0848-001 National Drug Intelligence Center

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Domestic Cannabis Cultivation Assessment 2007

319 Washington Street 5th Floor, Johnstown, PA 15901-1622 • (814) 532-4601

NDIC publications are available on the following web sites:

ADNET http://ndicosa LEO home.leo.gov/lesig/ndic

RISS ndic.riss.net INTERNET www.usdoj.gov/ndic

031007

Cover photos: BNE, NDIC, and Southington Connecticut Police Department

ARCHIVED This document may contain dated information. It has been made available to provide access to historical materials.