Filed 1/28/16 In re Kevin A. CA4/1

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COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION ONE

STATE OF CALIFORNIA

In re KEVIN A., a Person Coming Under 

the Juvenile Court Law.

THE PEOPLE,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

KEVIN A.,

Defendant and Appellant.

 D067780

 (Super. Ct. No. J235589)

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Roderick W. 

Shelton, Judge. Affirmed.

Lindsey M. Ball, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and 

Appellant.

Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Gerald A. Engler, Chief Assistant Attorney 

General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Arlene A. Sevidal and Allison V. 

Hawley, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
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Kevin A. (the Minor) was charged in a petition filed in juvenile court with one 

count of felony vandalism (Pen. Code, § 594, subd. (a)(b)(1)), and that the offense was 

committed for the benefit of a criminal street gang (§ 186.22, subd. (b)(1)).

The Minor admitted the vandalism count and the gang allegation was dismissed. 

The Minor was declared a ward of the court and placed on probation for one year. 

The court found the Minor and two others were jointly and severally liable for $1,399.50 

in restitution to the City of San Diego for the costs of removal of the gang graffiti. 

The Minor appeals contending the trial court erred in setting the amount of 

restitution. He contends that several of the properties, which he defaced, were not owned 

by the City and thus the City has not shown it was a victim that incurred an economic 

loss as to the privately owned properties. We agree with the juvenile court that the City 

has shown it will repair both public and private property in order to eliminate the gang 

graffiti from public view. Accordingly, we will find the court properly exercised its 

discretion in setting the amount of restitution.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

The record shows that the Minor and two others defaced properties on Comstock 

Street, Fulton Street and Burton Street in the City of San Diego, in order to "work for the 

hood."

DISCUSSION

The Minor contends the juvenile court erred in ordering $690 in restitution to the 

City for repair of damage to a fence on properties at 2345 and 2347 Comstock Street 

since those properties are privately owned. 
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A. Background

The juvenile court held an evidentiary hearing to determine the amount of 

restitution to be ordered in this case. In that hearing the court received the City's cost 

statement for repair of all six properties which were defaced by the Minor and his 

cohorts. The court found that the City had carried its burden to prove the validity of the 

costs and that the burden shifted to the Minor to disprove the amounts. Defense counsel 

did not challenge the burden shifting, nor does the Minor challenge it on appeal.

In response to the City's evidence, the Minor offered proof that the fences for 2345 

and 2347 Comstock were not owned by the City, and contended that the City was not 

responsible for repairing the damage. 

After reviewing the submitted materials the court rejected the Minor's contentions. 

The court said, in part: "In this particular instance, the City of San Diego has entered into 

a number of different policies and agreements to restore the community after acts of 

vandalism have been committed. . . . [¶] . . . [¶] . . . [The City is] actively pursuing the 

restoration of property when it has been defaced by graffiti. And while one or more of 

these pieces of property [may be] privately owned, such as 2345 and 2347 . . . the [C]ity 

had an interest in restoring that property. They did, so . . . they have incurred a loss." 

The Minor does not challenge the cost of repair of the graffiti that he and his 

accomplices placed on the Comstock Street property. He only challenges whether the 

City of San Diego may be reimbursed for the costs it incurred in repairing the damage.
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B. Legal Principles

Where a juvenile has caused damage by defacing property with graffiti, the court 

may order the juvenile to pay restitution. Welfare and Institutions Code section 730.6,

subdivision (j)(2) provides in part that a victim, entitled to restitution includes: "[a] 

governmental entity that is responsible for repairing, replacing, or restoring public or 

privately owned property that has been defaced by graffiti . . . and has sustained an 

economic loss." 

The standard of proof at a restitution hearing is by a preponderance of the 

evidence. (People v. Gemelli (2008) 161 Cal.App.4th 1539, 1543 (Gemelli).) The court 

may consider probation reports or the property owner's statements of the amount of the 

loss. No specific manner of proof is required either by statute or case law. (Ibid.; People 

v. Weatherton (2015) 238 Cal.App.4th 676, 684.) Once the prosecution has established 

the amount of loss and entitlement to restitution, the defendant must come forward with 

contrary information. (People v. Sy (2014) 223 Cal.App.4th 44, 63; Weatherton, supra,

at p. 684.)

Restitution orders are reviewed for abuse of discretion, and where there is a 

rational basis for the order, it will not be overturned on appeal. (In re Johnny M. (2002) 

100 Cal.App.4th 1128, 1132; People v. Keichler (2005) 129 Cal.App.4th 1039, 1045.)

C. Analysis

As we have noted, the Minor does not challenge his responsibility for the damage 

or that the costs for repair are unreasonable. His only challenge is that the City was not a 
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victim as to two parcels of property because they were privately owned. Accordingly, we 

will only address the juvenile court's finding that the City was a victim.

The evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the juvenile court shows the 

City did take responsibility for the repair of damage to the two challenged properties. 

The properties shared a fence, which had been defaced by graffiti. The court found the 

City had a valid interest in removing the blight, which was visible to the public.

It does not take great scholarship to conclude that gang graffiti, scrawled over 

public and private property, can have an adverse impact on a community. Walls, fences, 

road signs, and even houses defaced by vandals marking their territory has an adverse 

impact on property values and upon the image of the community. We cannot say the City 

of San Diego was a mere volunteer in repairing the property in question here. The 

juvenile court found, and we agree, the City has an interest in removing the blight from 

public view in order to maintain the quality of life in its communities.

We read Welfare and Institutions Code section 730.6, subdivision (j)(2) to 

specifically authorize reimbursement to public entities that undertake, in the public 

interest, to repair the damage done by this pernicious form of vandalism. (See Luis M. v.

Superior Court (2014) 59 Cal.4th 300, 309.) The juvenile court did not abuse its 

discretion in ordering the Minor to reimburse the city for the repair of the two Comstock 

Street properties. (Gemelli, supra, 161 Cal.App.4th at p. 1542.)
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DISPOSITION

The order is affirmed.

HUFFMAN, Acting P. J.

WE CONCUR:

McINTYRE, J.

PRAGER, J.*

 

* Judge of the San Diego Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to 

article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.