Northeast NPR-A Supplemental IAP/EIS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME III 

CHAPTER IV, SECTIONS 4.7−4.12 

4.7 CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ................................................................................................. 4-615 

4.7.1 Structure of the Cumulative Impacts Analysis........................................................... 4-616 

4.7.2 Activities Not Associated with Oil and Gas Exploration and Development 

 Considered in the Cumulative Effects Analysis............................................................... 4-618 

4.7.3 Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Activities Considered in the 

 Cumulative Effects Analysis ............................................................................................. 4-626 

4.7.4 Advances in Technology ............................................................................................... 4-664

 4.7.5 Resource Protection Measures Considered in the Cumulative Effects Analysis ....... 4-680 

4.7.6 Other Information Considered in Cumulative Effects Analysis................................. 4-682 

4.7.7 Cumulative Impacts ..................................................................................................... 4-684 

4.7.8 Cumulative Effects Outside of the Planning Area from the Transport of Northeast 

National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Produced Oil ......................................................... 4-863 

4.8 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE EFFECTS............................................................................ 4-866 

4.8.1 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................................... 4-866 

4.8.2 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................ 4-866

 4.8.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-866 

4.8.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 4-867 

4.8.5 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 4-867 

4.8.6 Wetlands and Floodplains ............................................................................................4-868 

4.8.7 Fish................................................................................................................................ 4-868 

4.8.8 Birds .............................................................................................................................. 4-869 

4.8.9 Mammals....................................................................................................................... 4-869

 4.8.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ......................................................................... 4-870 

4.8.11 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-871 

4.8.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 4-871 

4.8.13 Sociocultural Systems.................................................................................................. 4-872 

4.8.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................ 4-872

 4.8.15 Coastal Zone Management.......................................................................................... 4-872

 4.8.16 Recreational Resources................................................................................................ 4-872 

4.8.17 Visual Resources.......................................................................................................... 4-873 

4.8.18 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 4-873 

4.8.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................... 4-873 

4.9 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES AND MAINTENANCE 

AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY........................................ 4-874 

4.9.1 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................................... 4-874 

4.9.2 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................ 4-874

 4.9.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-875 

4.9.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 4-875 

4.9.5 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 4-875 

4.9.6 Wetlands and Floodplains ............................................................................................4-876 

4.9.7 Fish................................................................................................................................ 4-876 

4.9.8 Birds .............................................................................................................................. 4-876 

4.9.9 Mammals....................................................................................................................... 4-877

 4.9.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ......................................................................... 4-877 

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Northeast NPR-A Supplemental IAP/EIS 

4.9.11 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-878 

4.9.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 4-878 

4.9.13 Sociocultural Systems.................................................................................................. 4-879 

4.9.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................ 4-879

 4.9.15 Coastal Zone Management.......................................................................................... 4-879

 4.9.16 Recreational Resources................................................................................................ 4-879 

4.9.17 Visual Resources.......................................................................................................... 4-880 

4.9.18 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 4-880 

4.9.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................... 4-880 

4.10 IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES ........... 4-881 

4.10.1 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................................. 4-881

 4.10.2 Paleontological Resources .......................................................................................... 4-881

 4.10.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................. 4-881 

4.10.4 Water Resources ......................................................................................................... 4-881 

4.10.5 Vegetation ................................................................................................................... 4-882 

4.10.6 Wetlands and Floodplains .......................................................................................... 4-882

 4.10.7 Fish.............................................................................................................................. 4-882 

4.10.8 Birds ............................................................................................................................ 4-882 

4.10.9 Mammals..................................................................................................................... 4-883

 4.10.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ....................................................................... 4-883 

4.10.11 Cultural Resources .................................................................................................... 4-884 

4.10.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................. 4-884 

4.10.13 Sociocultural Systems................................................................................................ 4-884 

4.10.14 Environmental Justice .............................................................................................. 4-885 

4.10.15 Coastal Zone Management........................................................................................ 4-885 

4.10.16 Recreational Resources.............................................................................................. 4-885

 4.10.17 Visual Resources........................................................................................................ 4-885 

4.10.18 Economy ..................................................................................................................... 4-885 

4.10.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................. 4-885 

4.10.20 Oil and Gas Resources............................................................................................... 4-886

4.11 LOW-PROBABILITY, VERY LARGE OIL SPILL.......................................................... 4-887 

4.11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 4-887 

4.11.2 Blowout Assumptions ................................................................................................. 4-889

 4.11.3 Behavior and Fate of a Blowout Oil Spill During Various Seasons ......................... 4-890 

4.11.4 Effects of a Low-Probability, Very Large Oil Spill .................................................... 4-891 

4.11.5 Comparison of Alternatives........................................................................................ 4-906

4.12 ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND CONSERVATION POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS 

ALTERNATIVES AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................... 4-907 

CHAPTER V: CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION 

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5-3 

5.2 Amended IAP/EIS................................................................................................................... 5-3

 5.2.1 Formal Scoping ................................................................................................................. 5-3 

5.2.2 Agency and Organization Meetings ................................................................................. 5-4

 5.2.3 Agencies and Organizations Contacted ........................................................................... 5-4 

5.2.4 Government-to-Government Consultation ...................................................................... 5-6 

5.2.5 Public Review and Comment on the Draft Amended IAP/EIS ....................................... 5-7 

5.2.6 Development of the Final Preferred Alternative............................................................. 5-8 

5.2.7 Development of the Record of Decision............................................................................ 5-9

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Northeast NPR-A Supplemental IAP/EIS 

5.3 Supplemental IAP/EIS ........................................................................................................... 5-9

5.4 List of Preparers ................................................................................................................... 5-11 

5.4.1 List of Preparers of the Amended IAP/EIS.................................................................... 5-11 

5.4.2 List of Preparers of the Supplemental IAP/EIS ............................................................ 5-12 

APPENDICES 

Appendix A: ANILCA Section 810 Analysis of Subsistence Impacts...................................... A-1 

Appendix B: Federal, State, and Local Permits and/or Approvals for Oil and Gas Exploration, 

Development, and Production Activities ...........................................................................B-1 

Appendix C: Essential Fish Habitat............................................................................................C-1 

Appendix D: Alternative A Stipulations.................................................................................... D-1 

Appendix E: Alternatives B and C Stipulations and Required Operating Procedures ...............E-1 

Appendix F: Alternative D Stipulations and Required Operating Procedures...........................F-1 

Appendix G: Examples of Public Health Mitigation Strategies ................................................ G-1 

Appendix H: Common, Scientific and Inupiaq Names of Species Listed in Supplemental 

IAP/EIS ............................................................................................................................. H-1 

Appendix I: Historic Sites............................................................................................................I-1 

Appendix J: BLM Sensitive Species List for Alaska...................................................................J-1 

Appendix K: Information, Models, and the Assumptions Used to Analyze the Effects of Oil 

Spills.................................................................................................................................. K-1 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

GLOSSARY 

LIST OF ACRONYMS 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 4.7-A. Physical Size of the North Slope Villages Considered in the Cumulative Effects 

Analysis .........................................................................................................................................4-620 

Table 4.7-B. Population of North Slope Villages within the Cumulative Effects Analysis

Area..... .........................................................................................................................................4-620 

Table 4.7-C. DEW-Line Sites Constructed on the North Slope of Alaska ....................................4-622 

Table 4.7-D. Oil Exploration and Development on the North Slope.............................................4-628 

Table 4.7-E. Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Oil and Gas Development on the North 

Slope.........................................................................................................................................4-642 

Table 4.7-F. North Slope Oil Infrastructure (1968-2001) ..............................................................4-645 

Table 4.7-G. Production, Reserves, and Resource Estimates Used in the Cumulative 

Analysis ........................................................................................................................................4-662 

Table 4.7-H. Past, Present, and Near Future Production and Development Total Disturbed Areas 

for the North Slope (in acres).................................................................................................4-674 

Table 4.7-I. Summary of Traditional Knowledge/Local Knowledge..............................................4-805 

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Northeast NPR-A Supplemental IAP/EIS 

Table I-1. Documented Alaska Heritage Resource Services Sites...............................................I-3 

Table I-2. Documented Traditional Land Use Inventory Sites ...................................................I-8 

Table K-1. Oil Spill Scenario Assumptions for the Alternatives.....................................................K-4 

Table K-2. Large Crude Oil Spills Estimated Over the Production Life of the Northeast National 

Petroleum Reserve – Alaska.....................................................................................................K-8 

Table K-3. Small Crude Oil Spills Estimated Over the Production Life of the Northeast 

National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska .............................................................................. K-10 

Table K-4. Small Refined Oil Spills <500 bbl Estimated Over the Production Life of the 

Northeast National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska ............................................................ K-10 

Table K-5. Fate and Behavior of a Hypothetical 500 bbl Oil Spill From Lagoon Pipelines .... K-12 

Table K-6. Fate and Behavior of a Hypothetical 900 bbl Oil Spill From a Lagoon Facility.... K-13 

Table K-7. Oil Spill Rates and Spill-size Categories Used to Estimate Large Crude Oil Spills for 

the Cumulative Analysis ................................................................................................... K-14 

Table K-8. Cumulative Oil-Spill-Occurrence Estimates ≥500 bbl and ≥1,000 bbl over Assumed 

15-20 Year Production Life of the Northeast National Petroleum Reserve – Alaska..... K-16 

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