NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-113

This series represents a secondary level of scientific publishing. All issues employ thorough internal scientific

review; some issues employ external scientific review. Reviews are -- by design -- transparent collegial

reviews, not anonymous peer reviews. All issues may be cited in formal scientific communications.

Individual Vessel Behavior

in the

Northeast Otter Trawl Fleet

during 1982-92

Barbara Pollard Rountree

National Marine Fisheries Service, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543-1026

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

William Daley, Secretary

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

D. James Baker, Administrator

National Marine Fisheries Service

Rolland A. Schmitten, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries

Northeast Region

Northeast Fisheries Science Center

Woods Hole, Massachusetts

October 1997
Page iii

Contents

Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1

Methods ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Background ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Data Collection and Storage ............................................................................................................................................................. 2

Data Preparation, Analysis, and Portrayal ...................................................................................................................................... 2

Results ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

Background ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Variables ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Number of Vessels ................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Year Built ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Number of Trips .................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Trip Length ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4

Number of Ports at Which Landed ........................................................................................................................................ 4

Number of Statistical Areas in Which Fished ........................................................................................................................ 4

Number of Calendar Months in Which Fished ...................................................................................................................... 4

Number of Species Landed .................................................................................................................................................... 4

Number of Days Absent ........................................................................................................................................................ 5

Weight Landed ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Weight Landed per Day Absent ............................................................................................................................................. 5

Revenue .................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Revenue per Day Absent ....................................................................................................................................................... 5

Discussion .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Individual Vessel Behavior Observations ......................................................................................................................................... 6

General Observations ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

Specific Observations ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

Data, Variable, and Data Base Issues ............................................................................................................................................... 7

Data Coverage and Sampling .................................................................................................................................................. 7

Variable Selection and Accuracy ............................................................................................................................................ 8

Data Base Coverage ............................................................................................................................................................... 9

Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

References Cited ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Tables

Table 1. Number of TC2 commercial fishing vessels by gear type in the northeastern United States during 1982-92 ......................... 11

Table 2. Number of TC3 commercial fishing vessels by gear type in the northeastern United States during 1982-92 ......................... 12

Table 3. Number of TC4 commercial fishing vessels by gear type in the northeastern United States during 1982-92 ......................... 13

Table 4. Number of TC2, TC3, and TC4 commercial fishing vessels by tonnage class in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet

during 1982-92 .................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Table 5. Year of construction for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ............................................. 15

Table 6. Year of construction for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ............................................. 16

Table 7. Year of construction for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ............................................. 17

Table 8. Number of trips by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ................................................... 18

Table 9. Number of trips by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ................................................... 19

Table 10. Number of trips by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ................................................... 20

Table 11. Trip length in days for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .............................................. 21

Table 12. Trip length in days for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .............................................. 22

Table 13. Trip length in days for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .............................................. 23

Table 14. Number of ports at which landed by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ......................... 24

Table 15. Number of ports at which landed by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ......................... 25
Page iv

Table 16. Number of ports at which landed by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ......................... 26

Table 17. Number of statistical areas in which fished by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .......... 27

Table 18. Number of statistical areas in which fished by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .......... 28

Table 19. Number of statistical areas in which fished by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .......... 29

Table 20. Number of calendar months in which fished by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ......... 30

Table 21. Number of calendar months in which fished by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ......... 31

Table 22. Number of calendar months in which fished by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ......... 32

Table 23. Number of species landed per TC2 vessel in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ..................................... 33

Table 24. Number of species landed per TC3 vessel in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ..................................... 34

Table 25. Number of species landed per TC4 vessel in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ..................................... 35

Table 26. Number of days absent by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........................................ 36

Table 27. Number of days absent by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........................................ 37

Table 28. Number of days absent by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........................................ 38

Table 29. Weight landed in tons by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........................................... 39

Table 30. Weight landed in tons by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........................................... 40

Table 31. Weight landed in tons by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........................................... 41

Table 32. Weight landed in tons per day absent by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ................... 42

Table 33. Weight landed in tons per day absent by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ................... 43

Table 34. Weight landed in tons per day absent by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ................... 44

Table 35. Nominal revenue in dollars for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .................................. 45

Table 36. Nominal revenue in dollars for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .................................. 46

Table 37. Nominal revenue in dollars for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 .................................. 47

Table 38. Nominal revenue in dollars per day absent for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........... 48

Table 39. Nominal revenue in dollars per day absent for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........... 49

Table 40. Nominal revenue in dollars per day absent for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92 ........... 50

Figures

Figure 1. Statistical areas for commercial fisheries data collection in the NMFS Northeast Region .................................................... 9

Acronyms

GRT = gross registered tons

IVTS = individual vessel time series

LPUE = landings per unit of effort

NAFO = Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization

NEFMC = New England Fishery Management Council

NEFSC = Northeast Fisheries Science Center

NMFS = National Marine Fisheries Service

SA = statistical area

TC = tonnage class
Page v

ABSTRACT

This paper characterizes otter trawl fleet activity in the northeastern United States from an individual vessel

perspective. An individual vessel time series data base was created from the National Marine Fisheries Service’s commercial

fisheries landings weighout data base covering 1982-92. The distributions of such annual variables as number of trips,

number of ports at which landed, number of species landed, number of statistical areas in which fished, number of days

absent, weight landed, and revenue are presented across three vessel size classes. The central tendencies and variability in

these individual vessel attributes are presented.

Observations on individual vessel behavior, as well as a discussion of the applicability of the individual vessel data

base approach, are also presented.
Page 1

INTRODUCTION

There is not a consistent, widely held, complete picture

of how any of the fishing fleets in the northeastern United

States operate. The perceptions of such fleet operations,

as gleaned from the standard aggregate statistics about the

region’s fisheries are, at best, partial. Further, the perceptions do not reveal much about the decision-making behavior (“behavior”) of individual fishing vessels within any of

the fleets.

The change in fisheries management in the Northeast

to direct control of individual vessels in some fisheries (i.e.,

allotment to individual vessels of an annual number of days

at sea), and the trend toward controlled access to specific

fisheries, will make an understanding of individual vessel

behavior critical to the success of fisheries management.

Analysis of such behavior will permit optimum design, monitoring, and control of these fisheries management measures,

and would apply particularly well in a multispecies fisheries

environment.

Information about individual vessel behavior resides

in the National Marine Fisheries Service’s (NMFS) Northeast Fisheries Science Center’s (NEFSC’s) commercial fisheries data bases, but has not been tapped because the procedures needed to extract it are cumbersome, and because

until recently, the interest in individual vessel behavior and

fleet operations was secondary.

Recently, however, a working group consisting of members from the NEFSC’s Population Dynamics Branch and

Social Sciences Branch has been established to facilitate

complementary and multidisciplinary research on Northeast

fleet operations, based on individual fishing vessel behavior. A major objective of the working group is to encourage

modeling of temporal and spatial effects in such operations

and behavior. For example, although most major fisheries

are pursued by some vessels dedicated strictly to that fishery, switching into and out of that fishery by other vessels

often occurs in response to seasonal opportunities, market

conditions, stock statuses, and more. This switching can

create significant, interannual, unbalanced movement

among fisheries.

This paper presents the results of an initial characterization of the Northeast otter trawl fleet. This characterization is based on a single individual vessel time series (IVTS)

data base which was created from the NEFSC’s commercial

fisheries weighout data base. This IVTS data base consists

of 36 variables, and covers the 1982-92 period. The unit of

organization and analysis (i.e., file definition) within the

IVTS data base is an individual vessel’s activity through a

calendar year. Each file summarizes activity according to

such variables as number of trips, trip length, number of

ports at which landed, number of statistical areas in which

fished, number of calendar months in which fished, and

number of species landed.

This characterization serves several purposes: 1) indicating what time series information exists in the weighout

data base; 2) examining the robustness of the existing data

and the data collection system to support individual vessel

analyses; 3) exploring the difficulty of creating time series

data bases from the existing data structure; and 4) assessing the value of obtaining software to make IVTS files available to analysts.

The following section of this paper, “Methods,” includes a brief background on the region’s data collection

system as a basis for understanding the study’s methods.

The section then describes data collection, storage, and

preparation practices, variable definitions, and methods

used in screening the data and generating the IVTS data

base.

The “Results” section includes a brief background on

the region’s fisheries as a framework for understanding the

results. The section then refers to tables describing the

variable values, summed on an annual basis for individual

vessels, and broken out by tonnage class.

The “Discussion” section focuses on issues of data

coverage and sampling, variable selection and accuracy,

and the general IVTS data base approach. Because this

paper is more of an evaluation of the general usefulness of

weighout data and of the IVTS data base for providing individual vessel behavior information, than an evaluation of

the specific findings on such behavior in the Northeast

during 1982-92, the discussion has more analyses of data

and data base issues than of individual vessel behavior

findings. The examination of the data raises several questions about data definition, measurement, collection, sampling, and quality control. Because the data have not previously been exposed to this type of analysis, the majority of

these questions have not been answered.

A set of “Conclusions and Recommendations” complete the report.

METHODS

BACKGROUND

The NMFS is attempting to enhance its systems for

collecting, archiving, and analyzing fisheries catch and effort data to support the increasingly complex needs of fisheries management. As part of the effort to enhance the data

collection system, mandatory reporting by dealers and vessels was implemented in 1994. Until the mandatory reporting system was implemented, a voluntary system existed

which relied on port agents collecting catch and effort data

for vessels of at least 5 gross registered tons (GRT) landing

in the NMFS Northeast Region (i.e., from Cape Hatteras to

the Canadian border). These voluntarily supplied data,

covering the 1982-92 period, have been the basis for this

paper.
Page 2

DATA COLLECTION AND STORAGE

The voluntary data collection system consists of three

tiers. The first tier is landings data which are compiled from

dealer weighout slips (i.e., receipt records) which provide

the landed weight of the catch by species, vessel, and trip.

The second tier is effort data which are collected through

interviews with the vessel operators conducted in port at

the time of landing. These interview records contain the

most reliable trip information on variables such as gear type,

fishing location, depth, and effort. The third tier is tow-bytow data which were collected in the early years of the 1982-

92 period at sea by port agents sailing on commercial fishing vessels, and collected in the later years of the period by

contract personnel sailing on the vessels (i.e., the sea sampling program).

Since all three tiers depend on voluntary cooperation,

the percentage of total landings in the Northeast which has

been recorded by the weighout slip process is not known.

Twenty-eight percent of trips for which weighout slips existed in 1992 resulted in interviews by port agents. For

multiple-day trips, the interview rate was approximately 50%;

for day-boat trips, the rate was approximately 15%. For the

remaining trips (i.e., noninterviewed), port agents estimated

fishing effort, gear, and location based on their knowledge

of the particular vessel’s activity and the activities of similar vessels operating in the same general area.

The voluntary system of data collection came into being in 1964, originating with Maine, Massachusetts, and

Rhode Island. The system added New Jersey in 1978, Maryland and Virginia in 1981, New Hampshire in 1982, New York

in 1986, and Connecticut and Delaware in 1989. Problems

exist with the data collected in New York in that, because of

fish handling practices there, an individual vessel is not

able to be identified in the data base when no interview

occurred.

The data base structure for storing these voluntary data

has also evolved since 1964. Because of technical aspects

of the data collection and storage process, difficulties and

uncertainties exist for data collected prior to 1982. The

difficulties and uncertainties occur when one associates

the weighout landings data from an individual trip with the

corresponding interview data. For this reason and because

of changes in the structure of the computer data bases themselves, the analyses in this paper are limited to data collected from 1982 to 1992.

DATA PREPARATION, ANALYSIS, AND

PORTRAYAL

This study includes those vessels which used otter

trawl gear exclusively throughout the year. Vessels that

used other gear or a combination of otter trawls and other

gear were not examined.

Otter trawl vessels were divided into three categories

based on their GRT, following the traditional classes used

by the NEFSC for this fleet. Tonnage class (TC) 2 contains

vessels that are 5 to 50 GRT, TC3 contains vessels that are

51 to 150 GRT, and TC4 contains vessels that are 151 or

more GRT.

A single data file which contains the available cumulative annual landings weight, landings revenue, and effort

statistics for each vessel was created as the basis for the

analyses. Weight landed values are given as the live weight

equivalents in metric tons for all species combined for a

given vessel. Revenue values are given as total nominal

dollars (i.e., not adjusted for inflation) for all species landed

by a given vessel. Each vessel was identified by its sixdigit identification (i.e., permit) number which is assigned

as part of the federal fishing permitting process.

Landings per unit of effort (LPUE) statistics were calculated as the simple ratio of the annual cumulative landings (both as weight and revenue) of a vessel divided by

the annual cumulative nominal effort of that vessel. Two

measures of effort were examined: 1) number of trips, and 2)

number of days absent. The days absent measure was recorded to the nearest day, and includes the time between

when a vessel left and returned to port.

For some individual trips, effort statistics were either

missing or inconsistent (e.g., the amount of time trawling

exceeded the length of the trip). While the number of trips

in which these problems occurred were relatively small, not

accounting for these problems in the data resulted in large

distortions in some of the preliminary analyses (particularly

those involving landings rates by individual vessels). To

utilize information from as many vessels as possible, procedures were developed for screening and, where possible,

for adjusting the effort data for missing or inconsistent values. Such adjustments to effort data were based on the

performance by that vessel during the rest of the year in

question. When such adjustments were not possible for a

given vessel, then that vessel was eliminated from those

statistical results which required effort data. Consequently,

the total number of vessels will vary slightly among some

of this study’s statistical results.

The resulting statistical information about fleet behavior has been presented as tables displaying an annual time

series of frequency distributions of the various fishery statistics. In the tables, one axis contains the years 1982

through 1992, while the other axis contains intervals of values of the variable of interest. To provide better resolution

across the spectrum of values for some individual vessel

behavior variables and for some vessel size classes, it was

necessary to define intervals of unequal size, with higher

resolution at the lower end of the spectrum.

Within the cells of the tables are numbers which are, in

most instances, counts of vessels which fall into that year

and variable interval. A vessel is included in a particular

cell because of the measure of its activity over the course of

the year. In most cases, this measure is a summing of events,
Page 3

such as number of trips in a year or number of statistical

areas in which fished in a year. In a few cases, though, this

measure is an average such as the annual average trip length

for that vessel.

RESULTS

BACKGROUND

The total number of vessels in all Northeast fisheries

grew considerably after passage of the Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976 (Conservation and Utilization Division 1993). According to the weighout data base,

the total number of vessels in the region of 5 GRT or more

grew from 1,245 in 1978 to 1,891 in 1992. Most of this growth

occurred by 1984, and among those vessels using otter

trawls.

The overall ex-vessel (i.e., dockside) revenue of landings by all Northeast vessels grew steadily from 1978 to

1984, and from then until 1992 varied around a mean of

about $470 million dollars in nominal terms. The weight of

landings followed the same trend, and was around 707,000

metric tons (mt). These values do not reflect increases in

the cost of fishing nor in the amount of time spent fishing,

both of which have increased over the 1978-92 period.

In the NMFS Northeast Region in 1982, 1,193 otter trawl

vessels each landed an average of almost 2.4 mt per day at

sea. In 1992, with 1,012 vessels fishing, this value dropped

to below 1.7 mt per day. Revenue per day at sea rose in

nominal terms between 1982 and 1992, but in real terms (i.e.,

adjusted for inflation) fell over the 11-yr period from $2,110

to $1,600.

Given this history of aggregate fleet behavior, I examined the annual frequency distribution of 13 variables of

individual vessel behavior over 11 yr for three vessel size

classes.

VARIABLES

Number of Vessels

All Gear Types

In 1992, 39% of TC2 vessels used otter trawls exclusively (Table 1). Other important gear for TC2 vessels in

1992 included “other gear” (34%) and gill nets (15%). (“Other

gear” includes all gear except otter trawls, gill nets, scallop

dredges, and/or clam dredges.) The reliance on otter trawls

exclusively declined from the mid 1980s, from a peak of 56%

in 1986 to 39% in 1992.

The majority (58%) of TC3 vessels used otter trawls

exclusively in 1992 (Table 2). Other important gear or combinations of gear for TC3 vessels in 1992 included “other

gear” (18%) and scallop dredges only (10%). The heavy

reliance on otter trawls was consistent over the years of the

study. The exclusive use of scallop dredges increased over

the period, while the exclusive use of clam dredges peaked

in 1986.

Beginning in 1989, more TC4 vessels relied on scallop

dredges alone than on otter trawls alone (Table 3). The

percentage of TC4 vessels fishing exclusively with otter

trawls during the study period remained relatively steady

(i.e., ranging between 32 and 38%), while the percentage of

those fishing exclusively with scallop dredges nearly

doubled (i.e., from 25 to 47%). Together, those vessels

using scallop dredges alone (47%) or otter trawls alone

(33%) comprised 80% of the TC4 fleet in 1992.

Otter Trawls

From 1982 to 1992, the number of TC2 otter trawl vessels declined by about 100, while the number of TC3 vessels grew and then declined to its original number (Table 4).

The TC4 vessels, comprising only about 10% of the fleet,

experienced this same upward and downward shift as the

TC3 vessels over the time period.

Year Built

As of 1992, the TC2 otter trawl fleet had the oldest composition, with 5% being built prior to 1941, 22% prior to

1951, and 54% prior to 1976, leaving 46% being built since

1976 (Table 5).

As of 1992, only 13% of the TC3 otter trawl fleet was

built prior to 1966, while 74% was built between 1966 and

1980 (Table 6).

The trend toward younger vessels is strongest among

the TC4 otter trawl fleet. As of 1992, the TC4 otter trawl fleet

contained very few vessels (10%) built prior to 1976, with

the heaviest construction period being 1976-80 (Table 7).

Number of Trips

In this variable, a phenomenon is encountered in which

a significant percentage of both large and small vessels

appear to take very few trips per year. For the 1982-92

period, a significant percentage of TC2 vessels made less

than 11 trips per year, but in addition, a significant percentage of vessels made more than 100 trips per year (Table 8).

This distribution is consistent across all 11 yr. The TC2

vessels were most likely of any class of vessel to have

made more than 100 trips in any given year. They were also

just as likely as the larger vessels to have made less than 11

trips per year.

Throughout the 11-yr period, the majority of TC3 vessels fished 30 or fewer trips per year (Table 9). By 1992, 31%

of TC3 vessels made between 21 and 30 trips per year. For

the 1982-92 period, the distribution of the number of trips
Page 4

per TC3 vessel was skewed toward the low end of the defined intervals.

The TC4 vessels predominately fished between 21 and

30 trips per year (Table 10). Only a handful of such vessels

fished more than 40 trips in a given year.

Trip Length

The smaller TC2 vessels had average trips of shorter

duration than larger TC3 and TC4 vessels during 1982-92.

No TC2 vessels made trips longer than 11 days. In 1992,

95% of TC2 vessels had an average trip length of less than

or equal to 3 days (Table 11).

Over the study period, between 32 and 41% of TC3

vessels had average trips of less than or equal to 3 days

(Table 12). An additional 15-30% had an average trip of 4-5

days, 20-25% had an average trip of 6-7 days, and 11-24%

had an average trip of 8-9 days. Over the study period, this

mid-size otter trawler class tended toward longer trips.

During 1982-92, TC4 vessels generally fished for a greater

period of time on each trip when compared to the smaller

size classes (Table 13). By 1992, almost half of all TC4

vessels had trips which averaged 8-9 days; few such vessels had average trips of more than 9 days.

Number of Ports at Which Landed

The number of ports visited annually by a single vessel

was usually one or two, with occasional values up to six for

TC2 and TC4 vessels, and up to seven for TC3 vessels

(Tables 14-16).

The percentage of TC2 vessels landing at one port increased from 65% in 1982 to 80% in 1988, then declined to

72% in 1992. The percentage of these vessels landing at

two ports declined from 27% in 1982 to 13% in 1988, then

increased to 20% in 1992. About 90% of TC2 vessels landed

consistently in either one or two ports over the 11-yr time

frame.

For TC3 vessels, 55% landed at one port in 1982. This

value rose to 71% in 1988, then declined to 54% in 1992.

The percentage of these vessels landing at two ports declined from 32 to 22% between 1982 and 1988, then increased

to 34% in 1992.

The percentage of TC4 vessels landing at one port rose

from 49% in 1982 to 75% in 1987, then declined to 58% in

1992. The percentage of these vessels landing at two ports

declined from 34 to 18% between 1982 and 1987, then increased to 28% in 1992.

Number of Statistical Areas in Which Fished

The TC2 vessels fished in a maximum (in 1985) of nine

different statistical areas (SAs) during 1982-92; however,

an annual average of 94% of these vessels fished in a maximum of only three SAs over the 11 yr (Table 17). Less than

1% of the TC2 vessels on average fished in more than five

SAs.

Over the study period, an annual average of only 2% of

TC3 vessels fished in more than eight SAs, while an annual

average of 88% fished in 1-6 SAs (Table 18). In 1982, those

TC3 vessels fishing in 1-6 SAs were distributed fairly uniformly among the six categories. By 1992, only 8% fished in

just one area, while 67% fished in four or more SAs.

During 1982-92, TC4 vessels fished in as many as 10 or

more SAs in a year, but on average 82% of the vessels

fished in 3-8 SAs, and 54% fished in 4-6 SAs (Table 19).

The highest annual percentage fishing in just one SA (13%)

occurred in 1988, compared to 3% in 1992.

Number of Calendar Months in Which Fished

There was a significant percentage of TC2 vessels fishing either only in 1 mo (e.g., 21% in 1992) or in all 12 mo (e.g.,

20% in 1992) (Table 20). Vessels which weren’t in these two

extreme categories seemed to be evenly distributed among

the other 10 categories. This bimodal distribution held

throughout the 11-yr period.

Most TC3 vessels fished in more months than TC2 vessels. Those TC3 vessels fishing in all 12 mo predominated,

more so in 1992 than in prior years (Table 21). There was a

significant percentage of TC3 vessels (between 5 and 12%)

fishing in only 1 mo of the year.

The percentage of TC4 vessels fishing in all 12 mo increased from 31% in 1982 to 66% in 1992 (Table 22). A small

proportion (3-10%) of vessels fished in only 1 mo during

the 11-yr period.

Number of Species Landed

The percentage of TC2 vessels landing no more than

two species per year increased significantly over the study

period, from 5 to 19% (Table 23). The percentage of TC2

vessels landing between 15 and 17 species per year, the

interval that had dominated the 1980s, climbed from 20% in

1982 to 22% in 1984, then fell to 9% by 1992. There is a clear

trend during the study period toward fewer species being

landed per TC2 vessel per year.

In 1992, most (76%) TC3 vessels landed at least 12 species, with 43% landing between 12 and 17 species (Table

24). In the 1980s, TC3 vessels were landing fewer species

on average than TC2 vessels. By 1992 that was no longer

the case, as TC3 vessels landed more species on average.

The TC4 vessels had a tighter distribution of the number of species landed than the smaller vessel size categories (Table 25). Throughout the study period, a majority of

these vessels landed between 9 and 17 species, with a slight

trend to land more species over time.
Page 5

Number of Days Absent

From 1982 to 1992, between 60 and 70% of TC2 vessels

were absent from port for less than 76 days per year, and

between 20 and 30% were absent for less than 11 days per

year (Table 26). The distribution for TC2 vessels is skewed

to the left with most observations clustered within the lower

20% of the overall range.

From 1982 to 1992, between 50 and 60% of TC3 vessels

were absent from port from 76 to 200 days per year (Table

27). In 1992, 67% of these vessels were absent from port

from 101 to 250 days per year, 43% were absent from 151 to

250 days, while only 6% were absent for less than 11 days.

For TC4 vessels, 50% or more were absent from port

over 150 days per year during the 11-yr period (Table 28). In

1992, over 50% were absent for more than 200 days, a significant increase in effort from 1991 levels. Between 4 and

16% of these vessels were absent for less than 26 days per

year during the study period.

Weight Landed

For the study period, the distribution of total annual

landings is highly skewed left for all tonnage classes, with

most observations clustered within the lower 10% of the

range (Tables 29-31). Total annual landings per vessel declined over the study period for all tonnage classes.

During the study period, total annual landings of most

TC2 vessels ranged from 0 to 200 mt, with a maximum of

1,000 mt. The percentage of TC2 vessels landing 100 or

fewer metric tons per year increased from 75% in 1982 to

88% in 1992.

From 1982 to 1992, total annual landings of most TC3

vessels ranged from 0 to 500 mt, with a maximum of 5,000 mt.

In this tonnage class, 54% of vessels landed 200 or fewer

metric tons in 1982, compared to 72% in 1992.

During the study period, total annual landings of most

TC4 vessels ranged from 0 to 1,000 mt, with a maximum of

5,000 mt. The percentage of TC4 vessels landing 500 or

fewer metric tons per year increased from 44% in 1982 to

69% in 1992.

Weight Landed per Day Absent

Average weight landed per day absent in all tonnage

classes declined over the study period (Tables 32-34). The

percentage of TC2 vessels accounting on average for 0.5 or

fewer metric tons per day absent increased from 28% in

1982 to 60% in 1992. Over the 11-yr period, average weight

landed per day absent for most TC2 vessels ranged from 0

to 1.0 mt, with a maximum of 10.0 mt. From 1982 to 1986,

between 20 and 44% of TC2 vessels had average weight

landed per day absent values over 1.0 mt. In 1992, only 10%

of these vessels fell in that range.

Thirty-one percent of TC3 vessels landed on average

1.5 or fewer metric tons per day absent in 1982 compared to

83% in 1992. During the study period, landed weight per

day absent for most of these vessels ranged from greater

than 0.5 to 2.0 mt, but during the latter part of the period, the

dominant range was from 0 to 1.5 mt. The maximum average

landed weight per day absent for TC3 vessels exceeded

10.0 mt.

The percentage of TC4 vessels landing an average of

2.5 or fewer metric tons per day absent increased from 24%

in 1982 to 69% in 1992. Average landed weight per day

absent for most TC4 vessels ranged over the 11 yr from

greater than 1.0 to 5.0 mt, the upper end of the range being

common in 1982, and the lower end of that range being

dominant in 1992. The maximum average landed weight per

day absent exceeded 30.0 mt for TC4 vessels.

Revenue

Over the 11-yr period, 62% (range of 56-67%) of TC2

vessels grossed $50,000 or less per year (Table 35). Twentyone percent of these vessels (range of 16-24%) grossed

more than $50,000 to $100,000; 14% (range of 12-17%)

grossed more than $100,000 to $200,000. During some years

of the study period, some TC2 vessels grossed up to

$500,000, though on average during the study period, only

3% grossed more than $200,000.

During 1982-92, an average of 25% of TC3 vessels

grossed $50,000 or less per year, while 12% grossed more

than $50,000 to $100,000, and 50% grossed more than

$100,000 to $400,000 (Table 36). On average, only 7%

grossed more than $400,000 to $500,000, and only 6%

grossed over $500,000.

Over the 11-yr period, the majority of TC4 vessels earned

more than $200,000 to $1,000,000 per year (Table 36). An

average of 60% earned more than $400,000 per year, and

between 1 and 10% earned more than $1,000,000 per year.

In 1992, 9% earned more than $1,000,000, and only 8% earned

$100,000 or less. Over the period, the overall pattern of

revenue distributions (in nominal terms) shifted slightly to

the right.

Revenue per Day Absent

During the study period, the majority (73%) of TC2 vessels had average annual revenues per day absent of $1,000

or less (Table 38). In 1992, 92% of these vessels had average revenues per day absent of $1,500 or less.

Dominant intervals of average annual revenue-per-dayabsent values among TC3 otter trawlers during 1982-92 were:

1) more than $500 to $1,000 (15% on average); 2) more than

$1,000 to $1,500 (28%); 3) more than $1,500 to $2,000 (27%);

and 4) more than $2,000 to $2,500 (15%) (Table 39). During

1982-92, only 2% of these otter trawlers earned an annual

average of $500 or less per day absent, only 17% earned
Page 6

less than $1,000, and only 13% earned $2,500 or more per

day absent. In 1992, only 19% earned $2,000 or more per

day absent.

During 1982-92, 80% of TC4 vessels had average annual revenues per day absent of more than $2,000, with 6%

having average annual revenues per day absent of more

than $5,000 (Table 40). In 1992, only 14% of TC4 vessels

had average annual revenues per day absent of more than

$4,000.

DISCUSSION

INDIVIDUAL VESSEL BEHAVIOR

OBSERVATIONS

General Observations

In looking at all 13 statistical variables for all three vessel size classes of Northeast otter trawlers during 1982-92,

one notes that a number of statistical trends (e.g., trip

lengths, number of species landed, and revenues) often

seemed to reverse, and that the turning points of those

reversals often occurred in 1987 or 1988. Many factors

such as changes in fish abundances, seafood demand, and

fishery regulations could have influenced those trend reversals. During the 11-yr study period, there was little relative variation and only a slight net decrease in the annual

collective abundances of the principal groundfish and flounders (i.e., 12 demersal species) most sought by the

Northeast’s fishermen (Conservation and Utilization Division 1993). There was a significant increase up to 1987,

then a relative leveling off through 1992, of consumer demand nationally for seafood species (Fisheries Statistics

Division 1993). Perhaps most importantly, though, there

were increasingly more restrictive fishery regulations

adopted for Northeast fishermen in late 1986 (Halliday and

Pinhorn 1997); those regulations would have begun to manifest themselves in their first or second full year of adoption

(i.e., 1987 or 1988).

After implementation of the Fishery Conservation and

Management Act in March 1977, the New England Fishery

Management Council (NEFMC) assumed the lead responsibility for preparing the fishery management plans for those

species most commonly sought by the Northeast’s otter

trawlers. The first such plan -- the 1977 “Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Groundfish” -- relied on minimum

fish sizes, spawning area closures, and maximum harvest

levels for just Atlantic cod, haddock, and yellowtail flounder.

In March 1982, the NEFMC adopted a new, laissez-faire

approach to management of these three species by implementing the “Interim Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic

Groundfish.” The interim plan placed no controls on fish

harvest levels, fishing effort, or fishery participation, but

relied only on minimum fish sizes, minimum mesh sizes, and

spawning area closures, again for just the three species.

The interim plan failed to improve the generally low abundances of two highly sought species -- haddock and yellowtail flounder.

Consequently, in September 1986, the NEFMC adopted

an increasingly restrictive approach to management of the

three species through implementation of the “Fishery Management Plan for the Northeast Multispecies Fishery.” The

NEFMC used the same fishery management tools as the

previous, interim fishery management plan, but increasingly

covered more species, raised minimum fish sizes, and lengthened spawning area closures, four times between 1987 and

1993.

That a number of the statistical variable - vessel size

class combinations showed trend reversals soon after the

adoption of increasingly restrictive fishery management

regulations would seem to support the goal of using individual vessel behavior attributes to model otter trawl fleet

operations. Such modeling might ultimately be able to predict the individual-vessel-level effects of various fishery

management regulations, and, in turn, to predict the likelihood of success or failure of such regulations.

Specific Observations

Results have been presented for 13 variables. Some

specific observations can be made to add to the understanding of the trends during 1982-92 for several of these

variables: number of trips, number of days absent, number

of ports at which landed, number of statistical areas in which

fished, number of calendar months in which fished, and

number of species landed.

The results showed a trend for larger vessels to make

fewer trips and smaller vessels to make more trips. This

difference is not surprising given the distinction between

“day boats” and “trip boats.” This variable, numbers of

trips, was one in which difficult-to-explain phenomena appeared, such as when both large and small vessels made

very few trips per year. Independent information would be

required to determine the cause or mix of causes for such

low levels of participation. Regional emigration, mechanical problems, and financial problems are all possibilities.

In addition to the number of trips variable, the days

absent variable was used to measure effort. The days absent variable provides a general indication of gross fishing

time. Variations in steaming time and time lost due to weather

or mechanical difficulties, however, should be taken into

account when comparing this variable to nominal fishing

effort.

The number of ports at which landed variable provides

an indication of the degree to which vessels landed their

catch at a port other than their primary port. A larger number of ports visited in a given year may indicate an attempt

to obtain higher prices at alternate ports, or fishing activity

conducted over a wider geographic range. Many factors

are likely to be involved.
Page 7

The number of statistical areas in which fished variable

is a relatively “soft” statistic, depending, even for interviewed trips, on fishermen’s recall and/or their desire to

reveal fishing grounds after tiring trips. The number of

statistical areas fished by individual vessels over the course

of a year is related to a variety of factors. Across the fleet,

for example, it may be related to the size of the vessel where

a larger vessel is able to cover a greater distance, or to the

species being sought and the gear being deployed. Changes

over the study period in the relative number of statistical

areas being fished may also indicate changes during that

period in the relative distribution/availability of the species

being sought. An increase in the number of statistical areas being fished by vessels of a given size, for instance,

may be caused by an increase in the amount of searching

required for those vessels to make their catches. Also, in

groupings of vessels which use a variety of gear, we might

expect to see a larger number of statistical areas being fished.

The number of calendar months in a given year in which

a particular vessel was recorded as having fished varies

considerably. While some of this variability may be due to

incomplete coverage in certain years, it may also be explained by vessels which have entered the fleet since 1982.

Unless a new vessel is available to fish in the first month of

its initial year, it will be perceived as having participated for

fewer than the expected number of months. This perception will be particularly warped for larger vessels which are

expected to fish year-round. A substantial proportion of

the perceived outliers may be due to this initial-entry phenomenon.

As noted, in the 1980s, TC3 vessels were landing fewer

species on average than TC2, possibly because they could

travel farther offshore and remain targeted on fewer but

more specific stocks than TC2 vessels. By 1992, this trend

reversed, and many other factors influenced what was

brought home for sale. The decline in the predominance of

all stocks of Atlantic cod, haddock, and yellowtail flounder

has led to markets opening up to many more species, for

example.

DATA, VARIABLE, AND DATA BASE

ISSUES

Before any attempt can be made to model fleet operations, a number of data, variable, and data base issues must

be addressed and resolved. Those issues fall into three

categories: data coverage and sampling, variable selection

and accuracy, and data base coverage.

Data Coverage and Sampling

Much of what can or cannot be said about the behavior

of individual vessels depends on the completeness and

integrity of the underlying data. During the period of this

study, the implied behavior of some vessels as derived from

the collected data suggests that there may be concerns

with data completeness and integrity. For example, were

there TC4 vessels earning less than $100,000 per year? Were

there TC3 vessels fishing less than 10 days per year? Were

there TC4 vessels landing less than 100 mt per year? There

are legitimate reasons why the answers to these questions

could be yes. However, it is difficult if not impossible in

many instances to tell from the existing data whether or not

true vessel behavior was being observed or reported. This

section addresses these concerns from the standpoint of

incomplete coverage and sampling bias.

Incomplete Coverage

Incomplete coverage by the voluntary data collection

system could have occurred for several reasons. Data could

have been missed when vessels landed in remote ports

which port agents visited infrequently. Even if the vessels’

landings data were recorded by cooperative dealers, the

corresponding effort data would have been missed if a port

agent did not conduct interviews with the vessel captains.

Uncooperative dealers, whether in a port agent’s resident port or in a remote port, could have refused to supply

landings data on vessels from which they bought fish.

When this occurred, both landings and effort data would

have been missed by the data collection system.

Data could have been missed when vessels sold either

directly to restaurants or from “roadside” stands. Again,

landings and effort data would have been missed. This

direct selling is not as common among TC3 and TC4 vessels as it is among TC2 vessels that land lobster or shrimp

in small Maine ports.

Individual vessel data could have been missed when

landings from several vessels were lumped together on one

dealer weighout slip (i.e., across-vessel lumping). Unless a

vessel happened to be interviewed soon after landing, there

was no way to determine its landings or effort for that trip

based on the lumped-across-vessel dealer weighout slip.

In addition to dealer-based, across-vessel lumping, there

was also state-based lumping in a couple of instances.

Connecticut and Delaware have no port agents, and report

only their total landings (i.e., weight and revenue). There is

no way to associate those state-total landings data with an

individual vessel’s landings or effort.

Sampling Bias

Reasons for sampling bias in the voluntary data collection system can stem from the incomplete coverage noted

above, as well as from other factors. The inability to associate landings and effort data with a particular vessel due to

the problems of incomplete data coverage can prevent an
Page 8

accurate count of the number of vessels fishing at any point

in time, and bias downward any per-vessel annual statistical averages.

Factors other than incomplete coverage which contribute to sampling bias include vessel transiency, vessel name/

number confusion, otter-trawl-only-use vessel inclusion,

within-vessel lumping, interview nonrandomness, and data

estimation/proration.

When transient vessels from outside the NMFS Northeast Region landed one or more trips in the region, they

were often not identified as transients on the weighout slips.

Consequently, these transient vessels tended to bias downward the annual per-vessel statistical averages.

When a vessel would change names, the change would

sometimes not be detected by the port agents collecting

the data, nor by those auditing the data, on that vessel. As

a result, that vessel’s data would not be assigned to the

correct vessel file -- which is based on the vessel’s federal

fishing permit number -- and two vessel files would be created inadvertently for one vessel. This vessel name/number confusion would bias downward the annual per-vessel

statistical averages.

Since this study included only vessels that used otter

trawls exclusively throughout the year, and excluded all

vessels that used a combination of otter trawls and other

gear, there is opportunity for bias in the results. The nature

and extent of any such bias are unclear, though.

Two analogous, “time saving” practices which could

compromise data are: 1) dealers lumping trips from the same

vessel onto one weighout slip, and 2) port agents lumping

several weighout slips from the same vessel fishing in the

same area into one computer record (i.e., within-vessel lumping). The practices of within-vessel lumping are adequate

for generating fleet totals and averages. However, for modeling efforts which relate landings to effort on a trip-bytrip basis for a given vessel, these practices have been

counter productive. Eliminating from analysis those data

records where these practices occur may cause an unacceptable loss of data, and, at the same time, bias the remaining data, although the nature and extent of such bias are

unclear.

Most questions about the sampling bias concern the

randomness of interview coverage. A frequency distribution of vessel interviews tends to be bimodal, with modes

near 0 and 100%. It would be expected that vessels which

landed in remote ports and were never seen by port agents

would have never been interviewed. On the other hand, a

large number of vessels were interviewed 100% of the time,

meaning that vessels were not interviewed in a random

manner. Nonrandomness may introduce considerable bias

when attempting to model vessel behavior. Again, the nature and extent of such bias are unclear.

Two types of “data generating” practices which could

compromise data are: 1) port agents estimating and assigning effort and location data -- based on their judgment of

the fishing practices of similar vessels under similar circumstances (e.g., target species, time of year) -- to a vessel file

for the noninterviewed trips by that vessel; and 2) this

study’s proration of missing or inaccurate vessel data --

based on that vessel’s behavior during the remainder of the

calendar year -- for that vessel’s record. There is opportunity for bias as a result of these practices, but the nature

and extent of such bias are unclear.

As noted for several of the bias-creating factors mentioned above, the nature and extent of such bias are unclear. For some factors, there is no apparent way to measure the bias after the fact (e.g., vessel transiency). For

other factors, a separate analysis of other existing data would

have to be undertaken (e.g., inclusion of vessels using a

combination of otter trawls and other gear).

Variable Selection and Accuracy

Whether a vessel’s trip record is based on an interview

or not plays a large role not only in any bias of the data, but

also in the accuracy of any subsequent statistics derived

from the data. The following discussion focuses on the

differential effects of interviewed and noninterviewed data

on those statistics which rely on effort and location data.

Two such statistics -- the number of days absent and the

number of statistical areas in which fished -- are covered in

more detail.

Interview vs. Noninterview Effects

Since records from both interviewed and

noninterviewed trips were included in the statistical analyses of vessel activity, not all statistical variables which were

selected from these records can be interpreted with the same

degree of certainty. The accuracy of the variables describing effort and location (i.e., trip length, days absent, and

statistical areas in which fished), and of those variables

which were subsequently computed (i.e., landings per day

absent and revenue per day absent), depends to a large

extent on the proportion of trips which were interviewed.

Instead of having effort and location data for

noninterviewed trips be assigned to trip records based on

the judgment and experience of port agents, an alternative

procedure -- proration -- could be devised to estimate

noninterviewed effort and location data, using the interview data alone as a sample base. A proration procedure

would need to assume that the quantity to be prorated (e.g.,

the number of TC4 otter trawlers absent more than 250 days

in 1985) is distributed in the population (i.e., all trips in the

weighout data base) the same as those in the sample (i.e., all

trips in the interview data base). Also, an additional assumption about the relationship between effort and some

known quantity, such as landings, must be made in order to

estimate the unknown quantity of effort associated with

the noninterviewed trips. Such assumptions could not
Page 9

avoid bias as implied in the earlier discussion of that subject (e.g., larger otter trawlers landing at principal ports are

more likely to be interviewed, and the effort- and locationbased statistics for these vessels are more likely to be accurate). Such assumptions could nonetheless be made.

Days Absent

The number of days absent by a fishing vessel was

selected as the measure of overall fishing activity instead

of the number of days fished. The number of days absent is

a more robust measure since it is based on the simple departure and arrival dates of the vessel from its home port, and

is, therefore, readily determined for vessels which are not

often interviewed. While the more restrictive days fished

statistic is usually considered a better measure of fishing

effort for determining fishing mortality, the days absent statistic is a better measure of annual vessel activity.

To measure LPUE consistently, days fished must be

adjusted for changes in technology such as increased horsepower, larger nets, and more sophisticated electronics and

deck layout, all of which have increased fishing power over

time. Days absent may also be affected by these factors

since, for example, greater efficiency may result in shorter

trips. Such a tendency might, in turn, be offset by the

ability to complete more trips per year. In the case of declining resource abundance, however, an increase in the number of days absent may be a consequence of needing to

remain at sea longer due to reduced ability to locate and/or

catch fish.

Statistical Areas

The variable that defines the number of statistical areas

in which a vessel fished (Figure 1), which was chosen to

represent the locations fished, is one of four location variables encoded on the weighout record: 1) 10 min of longitude by 10 min of latitude, 2) 30 min of longitude by 30 min

of latitude, 3) NMFS statistical areas, and 4) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) subareas and divisions. Each of the four variables represents an increasingly

broader level of spatial resolution, respectively. The 10-min

square areas are only encoded for interviewed trips, and

would, therefore, require proration of the noninterviewed

trips in order to be used comprehensively. The 30-min square

areas, the NMFS statistical areas, and NAFO subareas and

divisions are encoded for all trips, whether interviewed or

not.

On noninterviewed trips, the statistical area is assigned

by the port agent based on a vessel’s recent activity pattern; however, statistical areas are drawn on a sufficiently

large spatial scale so as to minimize judgment errors. Nevertheless, it is more likely that multiple areas will be encoded on an interviewed trip (defined as a “split” trip) than

on one that is not interviewed.

Data Base Coverage

Over the 1980s, the voluntary data collection system

grew to cover more states and ports. Some new questions

were added to the sampling process, but the fundamental

sampling design did not change. Essentially, the system

had been set up to collect information on biomass removed

by gear type from different fishing areas; it did not focus on

individual vessels.

One obvious limitation of the system was the omission

of data on vessels under 5 GRT. Landings data from these

smaller vessels were recorded, but were lumped under a

general category of “unknown:under-tonnage.” Another

limitation was the lack of accurate reporting of the number

of crew members for a trip. The number of berths on a

vessel was used as a proxy for crew size. Another limitation

was that there were more vessels which fished in a given

year than could be individually identified through the

weighout system. The federal fishing permit process which

issues permits to vessels fishing for regulated species didn’t

help in this instance because not all vessels with permits

fished for the permitted species, and some vessels were

without permits since they fished for unregulated species

or in state waters only. Lastly, and importantly, vessel cost

information was difficult to obtain through the system.

Figure 1. Statistical areas for commercial fisheries data collection

in the NMFS Northeast Region.
Page 10

Then, in 1994, requirements for federal fishing permits

and logbooks changed. Amendment 5 to the Fishery Management Plan for the Northeast Multispecies Fishery requires annual permits for vessels, operators, and dealers,

and mandatory logbooks for fishermen. The logbooks request data on several aspects of fishing activity. The value

of the information derived from the logbooks will still depend, however, on the willingness of vessel captains to

report data thoroughly and accurately, and on the ability of

the NMFS Northeast Region to process the data effectively

and efficiently.

The logbooks are designed to address concerns of universal coverage and the practice of lumping catches. They

should alleviate the problem of multiple entries, reveal the

number of vessels fishing in a given year, and indicate which

vessels fished part-time, were transients, or didn’t fish a

complete year due to different causes. At the very least,

the logbooks should enhance measurement of nominal fishing activity (e.g., number of trips, time at sea) for all vessels.

It remains to be seen, however, whether information will

improve on areas fished. They will also have the potential

for picking up some additional data which can help in estimating cost information.

CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Fisheries managers and policy analysts lack knowledge

of key aspects of the behavior of the Northeast otter trawl

fleet. These key aspects often involve the decision-making

behavior of individual vessels, especially in response to

changes in fisheries management regulations.

This study has been a first parsing of the data collected

through the pre-1994, voluntary collection system in order

to examine individual vessel behavior. It has pointed out

some surprising behavior patterns for individual vessels.

Although some of this behavior revealed by the study appeared odd because of the methods used, other behavior

appeared that way because of real variation in the decision

making by individual vessels.

 To improve the usefulness of the information emanating from future individual vessel behavior studies, several

steps should be taken. First, attention will need to be given

to new problems created by the mandatory reporting requirement, such as reporting compliance and verification.

The introduction of bias into existing data bases should

also be avoided as much as possible when mandatory data

are merged with, or are used to prorate, the voluntary data.

Second, there is a need to examine the individual vessel

behavior in fisheries other than the otter trawl fleet.

Third, creating a multiyear analytical data set on individual vessel behavior will require the use of front-end software capable of manipulating data and testing hypotheses.

In particular, such software should be able to identify vessels fishing in or relocating to other regions during the year.

Fourth, because of the value of having individual vessel behavior information, the design of future data collection schemes and data base management systems must incorporate the flexibility to create and examine individual

vessel data.

This approach of examining individual vessel behavior

holds much promise of revealing useful information to fisheries managers and policy analysts. Further efforts, as noted

above, should now be made to ensure that the process of

examining individual vessel behavior becomes more realistic.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author acknowledges the assistance of the original

members of the Fleet Modelling Group who consisted of

Anne Lange, Phil Logan, Ralph Mayo, Tom Polacheck, and

John Walden.

REFERENCES CITED

Conservation and Utilization Division, Northeast Fisheries

Science Center. 1993. Status of fishery resources off the

northeastern United States for 1993. NOAA Tech. Memo.

NMFS-F/NEC-101; 140 p.

Fisheries Statistics Division [, National Marine Fisheries Service]. 1993. Fisheries of the United States, 1992. NMFS

Curr. Fish. Stat. 9200; 115 p.

Halliday, R.G.; Pinhorn, A.T. 1997. Policy frameworks. In:

Boreman, J. Nakashima, B.S.; Wilson, J.A.; Kendall, R.L.,

eds. Northwest Atlantic groundfish: perspectives on a

fishery collapse. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society; p. 95-109.
Page 11

Table 1. Number of TC2 commercial fishing vessels by gear type in the northeastern United States during 1982-92. (For

each year/gear type combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of

the annual total. OT = otter trawl; SD = scallop dredge; GN = gill net; CD = clam dredge.)

Gear Type

OT & OT &

Year OT SD SD GN CD GN Other Total

1982 410 4 9 68 18 54 243 806

50.87 0.50 1.12 8.44 2.23 6.70 30.15 100.00

1983 358 22 26 55 16 23 460 960

37.29 2.29 2.71 5.73 1.67 2.40 47.92 100.00

1984 405 11 22 59 13 23 201 734

55.18 1.50 3.00 8.04 1.77 3.13 27.38 100.00

1985 383 9 8 62 14 28 210 714

53.64 1.26 1.12 8.68 1.96 3.92 29.41 100.00

1986 378 3 6 69 13 19 184 672

56.25 0.45 0.89 10.27 1.93 2.83 27.38 100.00

1987 417 8 8 91 12 44 197 777

53.67 1.03 1.03 11.71 1.54 5.66 25.35 100.00

1988 387 7 14 119 10 39 182 758

51.06 0.92 1.85 15.70 1.32 5.15 24.01 100.00

1989 295 15 19 115 9 40 203 696

42.39 2.16 2.73 16.52 1.29 5.75 29.17 100.00

1990 299 18 13 103 2 45 227 707

42.29 2.55 1.84 14.57 0.28 6.36 32.11 100.00

1991 310 17 11 111 6 51 226 732

42.35 2.32 1.50 15.16 0.82 6.97 30.87 100.00

1992 315 24 18 119 23 38 274 811

38.84 2.96 2.22 14.67 2.84 4.69 33.79 100.00

Total 3957 138 154 971 136 404 2607 8367
Page 12

Table 2. Number of TC3 commercial fishing vessels by gear type in the northeastern United States during 1982-92. (For

each year/gear type combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of

the annual total. OT = otter trawl; SD = scallop dredge; GN = gill net; CD = clam dredge.)

 Gear Type

OT & OT &

Year OT SD SD GN CD GN Other Total

1982 391 45 55 1 68 2 152 714

54.76 6.30 7.70 0.14 9.52 0.28 21.29 100.00

1983 438 49 61 2 68 2 166 786

55.73 6.23 7.76 0.25 8.65 0.25 21.12 100.00

1984 489 62 61 2 71 4 139 828

59.06 7.49 7.37 0.24 8.57 0.48 16.79 100.00

1985 446 49 40 0 79 0 154 768

58.07 6.38 5.21 0.00 10.29 0.00 20.05 100.00

1986 460 58 26 1 89 0 127 761

60.45 7.62 3.42 0.13 11.70 0.00 16.69 100.00

1987 460 60 36 1 86 1 127 771

59.66 7.78 4.67 0.13 11.15 0.13 16.47 100.00

1988 458 64 43 3 80 6 135 789

58.05 8.11 5.45 0.38 10.14 0.76 17.11 100.00

1989 460 66 44 3 82 4 111 770

59.74 8.57 5.71 0.39 10.65 0.52 14.42 100.00

1990 418 70 51 5 56 5 128 733

57.03 9.55 6.96 0.68 7.64 0.68 17.46 100.00

1991 397 69 39 4 36 2 132 679

58.47 10.16 5.74 0.59 5.30 0.29 19.44 100.00

1992 390 68 40 3 45 7 118 671

58.12 10.13 5.96 0.45 6.71 1.04 17.59 100.00

Total 4807 660 496 25 760 33 1489 8270
Page 13

Table 3. Number of TC4 commercial fishing vessels by gear type in the northeastern United States during 1982-

92. (For each year/gear type combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is

the percentage of the annual total. OT = otter trawl; SD = scallop dredge; GN = gill net; CD = clam

dredge.)

 Gear Type

OT & OT &

Year OT SD SD CD GN Other Total

1982 80 61 48 31 0 21 241

33.20 25.31 19.92 12.86 0.00 8.71 100.00

1983 87 65 44 34 0 19 249

34.94 26.10 17.67 13.65 0.00 7.63 100.00

1984 86 74 39 36 0 35 270

31.85 27.41 14.44 13.33 0.00 12.96 100.00

1985 99 72 39 40 1 35 286

34.62 25.17 13.64 13.99 0.35 12.24 100.00

1986 106 72 32 46 0 23 279

37.99 25.81 11.47 16.49 0.00 8.24 100.00

1987 102 85 29 42 0 28 286

35.66 29.72 10.14 14.69 0.00 9.79 100.00

1988 109 93 41 43 0 30 316

34.49 29.43 12.97 13.61 0.00 9.49 100.00

1989 104 117 39 46 1 19 326

31.90 35.89 11.96 14.11 0.31 5.83 100.00

1990 99 126 32 16 1 28 302

32.78 41.72 10.60 5.30 0.33 9.27 100.00

1991 95 121 29 26 1 27 299

31.77 40.47 9.70 8.70 0.33 9.03 100.00

1992 95 135 12 24 0 20 286

33.22 47.20 4.20 8.39 0.00 6.99 100.00

Total 1062 1021 384 384 4 285 3140

_________________________________________________________________________________
Page 14

Table 4. Number of TC2, TC3, and TC4 commercial fishing vessels by tonnage class

in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/

tonnage class combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the

lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_______________________________________________________________

 Tonnage Class

Year 2 3 4 Total

_______________________________________________________________

1982 410 391 80 881

46.54 44.38 9.08 100.00

1983 358 438 87 883

40.54 49.60 9.85 100.00

1984 405 489 86 980

41.33 49.90 8.78 100.00

1985 383 446 99 928

41.27 48.06 10.67 100.00

1986 378 460 106 944

40.04 48.73 11.23 100.00

1987 417 460 102 979

42.59 46.99 10.42 100.00

1988 387 458 109 954

40.57 48.01 11.43 100.00

1989 295 460 104 859

34.34 53.55 12.11 100.00

1990 299 418 99 816

36.64 51.23 12.13 100.00

1991 310 397 95 802

38.65 49.50 11.85 100.00

1992 315 390 95 800

39.38 48.75 11.88 100.00

Total 3957 4807 1062 9826

_______________________________________________________________
Page 15

Table 5. Year of construction for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each calendar

year/year built combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the

annual total.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Year Built

1941- 1946- 1951- 1956- 1961- 1966- 1971- 1976- 1981-

Year <1941 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 >1985 Total

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 59 45 54 31 24 13 35 51 89 8 0 409

14.43 11.00 13.20 7.58 5.87 3.18 8.56 12.47 21.76 1.96 0.00 100.00

1983 46 38 47 21 19 14 33 39 81 20 0 358

12.85 10.61 13.13 5.87 5.31 3.91 9.22 10.89 22.63 5.59 0.00 100.00

1984 50 42 58 29 21 14 30 43 78 28 0 393

12.72 10.69 14.76 7.38 5.34 3.56 7.63 10.94 19.85 7.12 0.00 100.00

1985 51 33 44 28 21 16 27 41 92 28 0 381

13.39 8.66 11.55 7.35 5.51 4.20 7.09 10.76 24.15 7.35 0.00 100.00

1986 34 36 48 30 21 16 24 49 78 36 0 372

9.14 9.68 12.90 8.06 5.65 4.30 6.45 13.17 20.97 9.68 0.00 100.00

1987 34 37 50 31 24 13 28 44 93 48 6 408

8.33 9.07 12.25 7.60 5.88 3.19 6.86 10.78 22.79 11.76 1.47 100.00

1988 34 33 43 26 19 18 28 53 84 48 8 394

8.63 8.38 10.91 6.60 4.82 4.57 7.11 13.45 21.32 12.18 2.03 100.00

1989 24 25 37 16 16 11 24 29 69 36 11 298

8.05 8.39 12.42 5.37 5.37 3.69 8.05 9.73 23.15 12.08 3.69 100.00

1990 26 27 39 20 11 7 20 35 63 38 12 298

8.72 9.06 13.09 6.71 3.69 2.35 6.71 11.74 21.14 12.75 4.03 100.00

1991 21 27 31 19 14 9 30 36 69 34 16 306

6.86 8.82 10.13 6.21 4.58 2.94 9.80 11.76 22.55 11.11 5.23 100.00

1992 15 21 31 17 18 9 22 33 67 48 29 310

4.84 6.77 10.00 5.48 5.81 2.90 7.10 10.65 21.61 15.48 9.35 100.00

Total 394 364 482 268 208 140 301 453 863 372 82 3927

_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 16

Table 6. Year of construction for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each calendar

year/year built combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the

annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Year Built

1941- 1946- 1951- 1956- 1961- 1966- 1971- 1976- 1981-

Year <1941 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 >1985 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 13 32 12 12 19 34 83 55 110 11 0 381

3.41 8.40 3.15 3.15 4.99 8.92 21.78 14.44 28.87 2.89 0.00 100.00

1983 15 25 17 15 19 39 90 57 125 20 0 422

3.55 5.92 4.03 3.55 4.50 9.24 21.33 13.51 29.62 4.74 0.00 100.00

1984 12 21 14 18 19 34 96 66 161 31 0 472

2.54 4.45 2.97 3.81 4.03 7.20 20.34 13.98 34.11 6.57 0.00 100.00

1985 7 20 12 10 15 32 98 67 149 25 0 435

1.61 4.60 2.76 2.30 3.45 7.36 22.53 15.40 34.25 5.75 0.00 100.00

1986 4 14 13 10 12 27 91 70 169 33 2 445

0.90 3.15 2.92 2.25 2.70 6.07 20.45 15.73 37.98 7.42 0.45 100.00

1987 4 15 9 10 12 30 90 75 164 35 4 448

0.89 3.35 2.01 2.23 2.68 6.70 20.09 16.74 36.61 7.81 0.89 100.00

1988 5 14 10 7 11 28 95 74 155 36 11 446

1.12 3.14 2.24 1.57 2.47 6.28 21.30 16.59 34.75 8.07 2.47 100.00

1989 1 8 7 6 13 24 94 70 178 38 12 451

0.22 1.77 1.55 1.33 2.88 5.32 20.84 15.52 39.47 8.43 2.66 100.00

1990 1 4 8 5 7 24 86 61 163 36 13 408

0.25 0.98 1.96 1.23 1.72 5.88 21.08 14.95 39.95 8.82 3.19 100.00

1991 1 6 5 5 10 20 77 62 150 34 14 384

0.26 1.56 1.30 1.30 2.60 5.21 20.05 16.15 39.06 8.85 3.65 100.00

1992 1 5 6 6 10 22 71 61 147 33 16 378

0.26 1.32 1.59 1.59 2.65 5.82 18.78 16.14 38.89 8.73 4.23 100.00

Total 64 164 113 104 147 314 971 718 1671 332 72 4670

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 17

Table 7. Year of construction for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each calendar

year/year built combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the

annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Year Built

1941- 1946- 1951- 1956- 1961- 1966- 1971- 1976- 1981-

Year <1941 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 >1985 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 4 2 3 1 0 4 5 2 51 4 0 76

5.26 2.63 3.95 1.32 0.00 5.26 6.58 2.63 67.11 5.26 0.00 100.00

1983 3 3 2 0 0 3 5 3 55 10 0 84

3.57 3.57 2.38 0.00 0.00 3.57 5.95 3.57 65.48 11.90 0.00 100.00

1984 2 0 2 0 0 2 6 1 55 15 0 83

2.41 0.00 2.41 0.00 0.00 2.41 7.23 1.20 66.27 18.07 0.00 100.00

1985 2 0 1 0 0 1 7 3 61 22 0 97

2.06 0.00 1.03 0.00 0.00 1.03 7.22 3.09 62.89 22.68 0.00 100.00

1986 1 0 1 0 0 1 6 5 63 24 3 104

0.96 0.00 0.96 0.00 0 0.96 5.77 4.81 60.58 23.08 2.88 100.00

1987 0 1 1 0 0 1 5 5 54 28 6 101

0.00 0.99 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.99 4.95 4.95 53.47 27.72 5.94 100.00

1988 1 1 0 0 0 2 5 6 52 28 14 109

0.92 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.83 4.59 5.50 47.71 25.69 12.84 100.00

1989 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 4 48 27 19 103

0.00 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.88 3.88 46.60 26.21 18.45 100.00

1990 0 1 0 1 0 0 6 2 47 24 17 98

0.00 1.02 0.00 1.02 0.00 0.00 6.12 2.04 47.96 24.49 17.35 100.00

1991 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 4 46 24 16 94

1.06 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 4.26 48.94 25.53 17.02 100.00

1992 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 3 42 25 17 93

0.00 1.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.38 3.23 45.16 26.88 18.28 100.00

Total 14 11 10 2 0 14 56 38 574 231 92 1042

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 18

Table 8. Number of trips by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/number

of trips combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the annual

total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Trips

Year <11 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 >100 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 116 34 36 31 31 25 20 19 15 18 70 415

27.95 8.19 8.67 7.47 7.47 6.02 4.82 4.58 3.61 4.34 16.87 100.00

1983 96 35 22 43 21 24 27 14 9 12 60 363

26.45 9.64 6.06 11.85 5.79 6.61 7.44 3.86 2.48 3.31 16.53 100.00

1984 103 41 38 27 39 24 19 29 16 13 57 406

25.37 10.10 9.36 6.65 9.61 5.91 4.68 7.14 3.94 3.20 14.04 100.00

1985 105 41 38 33 30 19 21 15 13 11 57 383

27.42 10.70 9.92 8.62 7.83 4.96 5.48 3.92 3.39 2.87 14.88 100.00

1986 94 55 28 30 26 20 14 18 19 15 60 379

24.80 14.51 7.39 7.92 6.86 5.28 3.69 4.75 5.01 3.96 15.83 100.00

1987 103 56 33 36 26 23 31 16 18 18 58 418

24.64 13.40 7.89 8.61 6.22 5.50 7.42 3.83 4.31 4.31 13.88 100.00

1988 100 52 38 25 28 19 19 13 15 17 64 390

25.64 13.33 9.74 6.41 7.18 4.87 4.87 3.33 3.85 4.36 16.41 100.00

1989 71 27 35 27 26 19 9 17 8 13 46 298

23.83 9.06 11.74 9.06 8.72 6.38 3.02 5.70 2.68 4.36 15.44 100.00

1990 73 43 29 19 20 16 17 13 13 8 48 299

24.41 14.38 9.70 6.35 6.69 5.35 5.69 4.35 4.35 2.68 16.05 100.00

1991 83 43 26 20 18 20 12 15 11 11 51 310

26.77 13.87 8.39 6.45 5.81 6.45 3.87 4.84 3.55 3.55 16.45 100.00

1992 98 34 20 19 18 20 13 16 20 10 47 315

31.11 10.79 6.35 6.03 5.71 6.35 4.13 5.08 6.35 3.17 14.92 100.00

Total 1042 461 343 310 283 229 202 185 157 146 618 3976

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 19

Table 9. Number of trips by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/number

of trips combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the annual

total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Trips

Year <11 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 >100 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 106 58 88 50 27 10 11 9 13 8 12 392

27.04 14.80 22.45 12.76 6.89 2.55 2.81 2.30 3.32 2.04 3.06 100.00

1983 105 73 92 72 24 11 14 14 9 7 17 438

23.97 16.67 21.00 16.44 5.48 2.51 3.20 3.20 2.05 1.60 3.88 100.00

1984 131 75 118 62 30 16 10 12 4 8 24 490

26.73 15.31 24.08 12.65 6.12 3.27 2.04 2.45 0.82 1.63 4.90 100.00

1985 100 71 124 57 21 10 14 6 5 10 29 447

22.37 15.88 27.74 12.75 4.70 2.24 3.13 1.34 1.12 2.24 6.49 100.00

1986 108 105 101 45 17 18 12 3 8 15 28 460

23.48 22.83 21.96 9.78 3.70 3.91 2.61 0.65 1.74 3.26 6.09 100.00

1987 100 78 132 48 17 14 12 13 13 6 26 459

21.79 16.99 28.76 10.46 3.70 3.05 2.61 2.83 2.83 1.31 5.66 100.00

1988 130 89 118 42 12 10 10 8 11 11 20 461

28.20 19.31 25.60 9.11 2.60 2.17 2.17 1.74 2.39 2.39 4.34 100.00

1989 149 64 118 33 23 14 15 7 6 7 26 462

32.25 13.85 25.54 7.14 4.98 3.03 3.25 1.52 1.30 1.52 5.63 100.00

1990 109 52 114 44 24 19 13 9 5 6 24 419

26.01 12.41 27.21 10.50 5.73 4.53 3.10 2.15 1.19 1.43 5.73 100.00

1991 84 62 111 47 15 9 16 11 12 5 24 396

21.21 15.66 28.03 11.87 3.79 2.27 4.04 2.78 3.03 1.26 6.06 100.00

1992 67 68 121 41 19 13 11 18 6 5 21 390

17.18 17.44 31.03 10.51 4.87 3.33 2.82 4.62 1.54 1.28 5.38 100.00

Total 1189 795 1237 541 229 144 138 110 92 88 251 4814

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 20

Table 10. Number of trips by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/number

of trips combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the annual

total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Trips

Year <11 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 >100 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 14 20 27 14 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 80

17.50 25.00 33.75 17.50 5.00 0.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1983 12 18 36 14 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 87

13.79 20.69 41.38 16.09 5.75 1.15 0.00 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 12 18 41 10 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 86

13.95 20.93 47.67 11.63 1.16 2.33 1.16 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.00 100.00

1985 20 14 45 14 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 99

20.20 14.14 45.45 14.14 1.01 1.01 3.03 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 13 29 40 14 3 5 1 0 1 0 0 106

12.26 27.36 37.74 13.21 2.83 4.72 0.94 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 15 15 53 9 5 1 2 2 0 0 0 102

14.71 14.71 51.96 8.82 4.90 0.98 1.96 1.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 27 11 51 9 6 1 3 1 0 0 0 109

24.77 10.09 46.79 8.26 5.50 0.92 2.75 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 20 15 46 10 6 4 2 1 0 0 0 104

19.23 14.42 44.23 9.62 5.77 3.85 1.92 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1990 17 10 42 15 5 2 7 0 1 0 0 99

17.17 10.10 42.42 15.15 5.05 2.02 7.07 0.00 1.01 0.00 0.00 100.00

1991 10 11 42 16 6 4 4 1 0 0 1 95

10.53 11.58 44.21 16.84 6.32 4.21 4.21 1.05 0.00 0.00 1.05 100.00

1992 12 10 46 13 1 8 3 1 1 0 0 95

12.63 10.53 48.42 13.68 1.05 8.42 3.16 1.05 1.05 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 172 171 469 138 43 29 27 7411 1062

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 21

Table 11. Trip length in days for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/trip length combination, the upper value is the number of

vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_____________________________________________________________________

 Trip Length (days)

Year 3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 Total

_____________________________________________________________________

1982 383 23 3 1 0 410

93.41 5.61 0.73 0.24 0.00 100.00

1983 333 17 2 2 2 356

93.54 4.78 0.56 0.56 0.56 100.00

1984 376 28 1 0 0 405

92.84 6.91 0.25 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 355 21 5 2 0 383

92.69 5.48 1.31 0.52 0.00 100.00

1986 355 22 1 0 0 378

93.92 5.82 0.26 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 393 19 5 0 0 417

94.24 4.56 1.20 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 364 16 5 0 0 385

94.55 4.16 1.30 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 282 13 0 0 0 295

95.59 4.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1990 281 17 1 0 0 299

93.98 5.69 0.33 0.00 0.00 100.00

1991 289 18 3 0 0 310

93.23 5.81 0.97 0.00 0.00 100.00

1992 300 14 0 1 0 315

95.24 4.44 0.00 0.32 0.00 100.00

Total 3711 208 26 6 2 3953

_____________________________________________________________________
Page 22

Table 12. Trip length in days for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/trip length combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage

of the annual total.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Trip Length (days)

Year 3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20 Total

______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 148 111 82 48 2 0 0 0 0 0 391

37.85 28.39 20.97 12.28 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1983 178 123 86 47 4 0 0 0 0 0 438

40.64 28.08 19.63 10.73 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 168 145 106 53 17 0 0 0 0 0 489

34.36 29.65 21.68 10.84 3.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 161 105 98 64 18 0 0 0 0 0 446

36.10 23.54 21.97 14.35 4.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 167 101 96 71 24 0 1 0 0 0 460

36.30 21.96 20.87 15.43 5.22 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 157 107 115 75 5 0 0 0 0 0 459

34.20 23.31 25.05 16.34 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 151 110 96 84 11 3 2 0 1 0 458

32.97 24.02 20.96 18.34 2.40 0.66 0.44 0.00 0.22 0.00 100.00

1989 150 86 105 95 16 4 1 1 0 1 459

32.68 18.74 22.88 20.70 3.49 0.87 0.22 0.22 0.00 0.22 100.00

1990 132 91 88 88 15 1 0 0 0 2 417

31.65 21.82 21.10 21.10 3.60 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 100.00

1991 127 74 85 94 9 7 0 0 0 0 396

32.07 18.69 21.46 23.74 2.27 1.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1992 126 58 86 93 19 7 1 0 0 0 390

32.31 14.87 22.05 23.85 4.87 1.79 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 1665 1111 1043 812 140 22 5113 4803

______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 23

Table 13. Trip length in days for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/trip

length combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the annual

total.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Trip Length (days)

Year 3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20 Total

______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 7 8 25 38 2 0 0 0 0 0 80

8.75 10.00 31.25 47.50 2.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1983 8 18 20 38 3 0 0 0 0 0 87

9.20 20.69 22.99 43.68 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 5 10 18 44 9 0 0 0 0 0 86

5.81 11.63 20.93 51.16 10.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 7 12 25 37 17 1 0 0 0 0 99

7.07 12.12 25.25 37.37 17.17 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 11 8 26 43 8 5 4 1 0 0 106

10.38 7.55 24.53 40.57 7.55 4.72 3.77 0.94 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 13 9 33 40 1 3 3 0 0 0 102

12.75 8.82 32.35 39.22 0.98 2.94 2.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 14 13 23 43 8 6 1 0 0 1 109

12.84 11.93 21.10 39.45 7.34 5.50 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.92 100.00

1989 13 11 24 40 9 4 1 0 1 1 104

12.50 10.58 23.08 38.46 8.65 3.85 0.96 0.00 0.96 0.96 100.00

1990 8 12 21 46 9 1 1 0 1 0 99

8.08 12.12 21.21 46.46 9.09 1.01 1.01 0.00 1.01 0.00 100.00

1991 9 11 25 44 4 2 0 0 0 0 95

9.47 11.58 26.32 46.32 4.21 2.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1992 9 14 17 46 8 0 0 1 0 0 95

9.47 14.74 17.89 48.42 8.42 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 104 126 257 459 78 22 10 2 2 2 1062

______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 24

Table 14. Number of ports at which landed by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/number of ports combination, the upper value is the number of vessels;

the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Ports

Year 123456 Total

________________________________________________________________________________

1982 270 114 24 8 2 0 418

64.59 27.27 5.74 1.91 0.48 0.00 100.00

1983 275 62 23 8 0 0 368

74.73 16.85 6.25 2.17 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 293 79 25 8 2 0 407

71.99 19.41 6.14 1.97 0.49 0.00 100.00

1985 275 87 22 5 0 0 389

70.69 22.37 5.66 1.29 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 275 84 16 4 0 0 379

72.56 22.16 4.22 1.06 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 329 61 19 5 5 0 419

78.52 14.56 4.53 1.19 1.19 0.00 100.00

1988 321 51 16 8 3 0 399

80.45 12.78 4.01 2.01 0.75 0.00 100.00

1989 235 44 15 4 2 2 302

77.81 14.57 4.97 1.32 0.66 0.66 100.00

1990 238 47 12 7 1 0 305

78.03 15.41 3.93 2.30 0.33 0.00 100.00

1991 225 57 18 8 4 0 312

72.12 18.27 5.77 2.56 1.28 0.00 100.00

1992 226 62 15 11 2 0 316

71.52 19.62 4.75 3.48 0.63 0.00 100.00

Total 2962 748 205 76 21 2 4014

________________________________________________________________________________
Page 25

Table 15. Number of ports at which landed by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For

each year/number of ports combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the

percentage of the annual total.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Ports

Year 1234567 Total

____________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 216 125 43 8 1 1 0 394

54.82 31.73 10.91 2.03 0.25 0.25 0.00 100.00

1983 266 110 45 10 3 3 1 438

60.73 25.11 10.27 2.28 0.68 0.68 0.23 100.00

1984 282 145 46 14 3 0 0 490

57.55 29.59 9.39 2.86 0.61 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 279 117 36 11 4 2 0 449

62.14 26.06 8.02 2.45 0.89 0.45 0.00 100.00

1986 262 145 43 10 0 0 0 460

56.96 31.52 9.35 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 324 109 22 6 1 0 0 462

70.13 23.59 4.76 1.30 0.22 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 327 103 25 8 0 0 0 463

70.63 22.25 5.40 1.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 294 124 34 8 3 1 0 464

63.36 26.72 7.33 1.72 0.65 0.22 0.00 100.00

1990 269 106 37 6 2 0 0 420

64.05 25.24 8.81 1.43 0.48 0.00 0.00 100.00

1991 234 127 30 6 1 0 0 398

58.79 31.91 7.54 1.51 0.25 0.00 0.00 100.00

1992 211 133 34 11 2 0 0 391

53.96 34.02 8.70 2.81 0.51 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 2964 1344 395 98 20 7 1 4829

____________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 26

Table 16. Number of ports at which landed by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/number of ports combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the

lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Ports

Year 123456 Total

_________________________________________________________________________________

1982 39 27 8 5 0 1 80

48.75 33.75 10.00 6.25 0.00 1.25 100.00

1983 55 18 10 4 0 0 87

63.22 20.69 11.49 4.60 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 52 22 7 5 0 0 86

60.47 25.58 8.14 5.81 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 59 28 9 3 0 0 99

59.60 28.28 9.09 3.03 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 60 33 9 4 0 0 106

56.60 31.13 8.49 3.77 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 77 19 6 0 0 0 102

75.49 18.63 5.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 71 29 9 1 0 0 110

64.55 26.36 8.18 0.91 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 59 38 5 2 0 0 104

56.73 36.54 4.81 1.92 0.00 0.00 100.00

1990 65 28 4 1 1 0 99

65.66 28.28 4.04 1.01 1.01 0.00 100.00

1991 57 29 7 2 0 0 95

60.00 30.53 7.37 2.11 0.00 0.00 100.00

1992 55 27 13 0 0 0 95

57.89 28.42 13.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 649 298 87 27 1 1 1063

_________________________________________________________________________________
Page 27

Table 17. Number of statistical areas in which fished by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/number of statistical areas combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the

lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Statistical Areas

Year 12345679 Total

________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 243 116 31 17 6 4 1 0 418

58.13 27.75 7.42 4.07 1.44 0.96 0.24 0.00 100.00

1983 191 104 43 19 9 2 0 0 368

51.90 28.26 11.68 5.16 2.45 0.54 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 189 140 50 17 9 2 0 0 407

46.44 34.40 12.29 4.18 2.21 0.49 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 206 113 49 13 6 0 1 1 389

52.96 29.05 12.60 3.34 1.54 0.00 0.26 0.26 100.00

1986 211 110 33 17 7 1 0 0 379

55.67 29.02 8.71 4.49 1.85 0.26 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 273 87 31 22 6 0 0 0 419

65.16 20.76 7.40 5.25 1.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 251 95 30 15 8 0 0 0 399

62.91 23.81 7.52 3.76 2.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 186 83 19 12 2 0 0 0 302

61.59 27.48 6.29 3.97 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1990 194 74 22 9 3 2 1 0 305

63.61 24.26 7.21 2.95 0.98 0.66 0.33 0.00 100.00

1991 183 88 24 11 4 1 1 0 312

58.65 28.21 7.69 3.53 1.28 0.32 0.32 0.00 100.00

1992 183 91 25 11 4 2 0 0 316

57.91 28.80 7.91 3.48 1.27 0.63 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 2310 1101 357 163 64 14 4 1 4014

________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 28

Table 18. Number of statistical areas in which fished by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-

92. (For each year/number of statistical areas combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower

value is the percentage of the annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Statistical Areas

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 56 56 64 67 53 50 37 8 0 2 1 394

14.21 14.21 16.24 17.01 13.45 12.69 9.39 2.03 0.00 0.51 0.25 100.00

1983 64 66 61 72 62 54 40 12 4 1 2 438

14.61 15.07 13.93 16.44 14.16 12.33 9.13 2.74 0.91 0.23 0.46 100.00

1984 71 72 64 71 76 69 42 17 5 2 1 490

14.49 14.69 13.06 14.49 15.51 14.08 8.57 3.47 1.02 0.41 0.20 100.00

1985 57 51 75 81 66 62 34 15 6 1 1 449

12.69 11.36 16.70 18.04 14.70 13.81 7.57 3.34 1.34 0.22 0.22 100.00

1986 56 68 77 74 84 53 29 10 5 2 2 460

12.17 14.78 16.74 16.09 18.26 11.52 6.30 2.17 1.09 0.43 0.43 100.00

1987 65 63 81 72 76 58 32 10 4 0 1 462

14.07 13.64 17.53 15.58 16.45 12.55 6.93 2.16 0.87 0.00 0.22 100.00

1988 62 76 78 76 64 64 28 8 6 1 0 463

13.39 16.41 16.85 16.41 13.82 13.82 6.05 1.73 1.30 0.22 0.00 100.00

1989 81 84 57 60 79 59 23 7 8 5 1 464

17.46 18.10 12.28 12.93 17.03 12.72 4.96 1.51 1.72 1.08 0.22 100.00

1990 74 55 51 80 59 62 22 9 2 5 1 420

17.62 13.10 12.14 19.05 14.05 14.76 5.24 2.14 0.48 1.19 0.24 100.00

1991 45 59 48 56 51 69 43 18 3 3 3 398

11.31 14.82 12.06 14.07 12.81 17.34 10.80 4.52 0.75 0.75 0.75 100.00

1992 30 49 51 71 65 60 36 16 7 5 1 391

7.67 12.53 13.04 18.16 16.62 15.35 9.21 4.09 1.79 1.28 0.26 100.00

Total 661 699 707 780 735 660 366 130 50 27 14 4829

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 29

Table 19. Number of statistical areas in which fished by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-

92. (For each year/number of statistical areas combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower

value is the percentage of the annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Statistical Areas

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 3 5 12 11 11 10 14 10 3 0 1 80

3.75 6.25 15.00 13.75 13.75 12.50 17.50 12.50 3.75 0.00 1.25 100.00

1983 7 7 8 14 16 12 15 4 3 1 0 87

8.05 8.05 9.20 16.09 18.39 13.79 17.24 4.60 3.45 1.15 0.00 100.00

1984 5 3 5 9 22 23 10 5 1 1 2 86

5.81 3.49 5.81 10.47 25.58 26.74 11.63 5.81 1.16 1.16 2.33 100.00

1985 8 6 4 10 15 24 17 10 2 0 3 99

8.08 6.06 4.04 10.10 15.15 24.24 17.17 10.10 2.02 0.00 3.03 100.00

1986 4 9 9 10 20 26 15 7 2 4 0 106

3.77 8.49 8.49 9.43 18.87 24.53 14.15 6.60 1.89 3.77 0.00 100.00

1987 4 5 16 15 22 20 10 6 3 1 0 102

3.92 4.90 15.69 14.71 21.57 19.61 9.80 5.88 2.94 0.98 0.00 100.00

1988 14 9 5 14 21 20 21 4 2 0 0 110

12.73 8.18 4.55 12.73 19.09 18.18 19.09 3.64 1.82 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 6 7 8 12 16 24 15 7 2 4 3 104

5.77 6.73 7.69 11.54 15.38 23.08 14.42 6.73 1.92 3.85 2.88 100.00

1990 10 4 8 3 15 16 19 16 5 2 1 99

10.10 4.04 8.08 3.03 15.15 16.16 19.19 16.16 5.05 2.02 1.01 100.00

1991 2 5 5 9 7 34 16 8 5 2 2 95

2.11 5.26 5.26 9.47 7.37 35.79 16.84 8.42 5.26 2.11 2.11 100.00

1992 3 3 13 11 18 16 14 12 3 1 1 95

3.16 3.16 13.68 11.58 18.95 16.84 14.74 12.63 3.16 1.05 1.05 100.00

Total 66 63 93 118 183 225 166 89 31 16 13 1063

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 30

Table 20. Number of calendar months in which fished by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/number of months combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the

lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Months

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total

_______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 81 27 20 20 23 27 16 16 27 37 31 93 418

19.38 6.46 4.78 4.78 5.50 6.46 3.83 3.83 6.46 8.85 7.42 22.25 100.00

1983 71 23 24 17 12 22 24 20 14 24 39 78 368

19.29 6.25 6.52 4.62 3.26 5.98 6.52 5.43 3.80 6.52 10.60 21.20 100.00

1984 65 26 30 24 12 21 23 21 31 33 45 76 407

15.97 6.39 7.37 5.90 2.95 5.16 5.65 5.16 7.62 8.11 11.06 18.67 100.00

1985 61 30 27 22 17 25 24 29 24 24 28 78 389

15.68 7.71 6.94 5.66 4.37 6.43 6.17 7.46 6.17 6.17 7.20 20.05 100.00

1986 47 46 25 19 18 19 18 29 27 26 22 83 379

12.40 12.14 6.60 5.01 4.75 5.01 4.75 7.65 7.12 6.86 5.80 21.90 100.00

1987 70 26 38 27 20 17 27 22 25 21 48 78 419

16.71 6.21 9.07 6.44 4.77 4.06 6.44 5.25 5.97 5.01 11.46 18.62 100.00

1988 64 34 35 31 22 20 19 14 23 29 33 75 399

16.04 8.52 8.77 7.77 5.51 5.01 4.76 3.51 5.76 7.27 8.27 18.80 100.00

1989 50 20 29 20 17 16 14 18 15 22 18 63 302

16.56 6.62 9.60 6.62 5.63 5.30 4.64 5.96 4.97 7.28 5.96 20.86 100.00

1990 54 25 25 22 10 18 19 15 18 22 15 62 305

17.70 8.20 8.20 7.21 3.28 5.90 6.23 4.92 5.90 7.21 4.92 20.33 100.00

1991 58 38 21 14 11 21 11 18 10 20 26 64 312

18.59 12.18 6.73 4.49 3.53 6.73 3.53 5.77 3.21 6.41 8.33 20.51 100.00

1992 66 36 31 12 7 10 12 14 16 25 24 63 316

20.89 11.39 9.81 3.80 2.22 3.16 3.80 4.43 5.06 7.91 7.59 19.94 100.00

Total 687 331 305 228 169 216 207 216 230 283 329 813 4014

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 31

Table 21. Number of calendar months in which fished by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/number of months combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower

value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Months

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 49 23 21 18 17 21 14 14 24 27 42 124 394

12.44 5.84 5.33 4.57 4.31 5.33 3.55 3.55 6.09 6.85 10.66 31.47 100.00

1983 42 27 20 19 18 20 22 21 14 31 45 159 438

9.59 6.16 4.57 4.34 4.11 4.57 5.02 4.79 3.20 7.08 10.27 36.30 100.00

1984 52 28 23 25 20 23 17 17 23 33 65 164 490

10.61 5.71 4.69 5.10 4.08 4.69 3.47 3.47 4.69 6.73 13.27 33.47 100.00

1985 42 23 12 23 14 19 22 15 20 30 61 168 449

9.35 5.12 2.67 5.12 3.12 4.23 4.90 3.34 4.45 6.68 13.59 37.42 100.00

1986 38 23 11 16 22 25 20 13 31 46 59 156 460

8.26 5.00 2.39 3.48 4.78 5.43 4.35 2.83 6.74 10.00 12.83 33.91 100.00

1987 33 24 21 16 11 12 19 21 27 31 67 180 462

7.14 5.19 4.55 3.46 2.38 2.60 4.11 4.55 5.84 6.71 14.50 38.96 100.00

1988 45 23 37 19 13 20 22 20 21 40 53 150 463

9.72 4.97 7.99 4.10 2.81 4.32 4.75 4.32 4.54 8.64 11.45 32.40 100.00

1989 51 30 22 26 14 22 24 21 26 32 53 143 464

10.99 6.47 4.74 5.60 3.02 4.74 5.17 4.53 5.60 6.90 11.42 30.82 100.00

1990 43 25 18 11 19 15 20 21 22 22 40 164 420

10.24 5.95 4.29 2.62 4.52 3.57 4.76 5.00 5.24 5.24 9.52 39.05 100.00

1991 34 17 18 8 17 6 16 18 16 28 43 177 398

8.54 4.27 4.52 2.01 4.27 1.51 4.02 4.52 4.02 7.04 10.80 44.47 100.00

1992 20 17 15 5 15 13 11 15 24 23 51 182 391

5.12 4.35 3.84 1.28 3.84 3.32 2.81 3.84 6.14 5.88 13.04 46.55 100.00

Total 449 260 218 186 180 196 207 196 248 343 579 1767 4829

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 32

Table 22. Number of months in which fished by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For

each year/number of months combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the

percentage of the annual total.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Months

Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total

_________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 3 6 3 2 2 3 3 7 8 4 14 25 80

3.75 7.50 3.75 2.50 2.50 3.75 3.75 8.75 10.00 5.00 17.50 31.25 100.00

1983 9 1 0 0 3 8 2 6 3 5 13 37 87

10.34 1.15 0.00 0.00 3.45 9.20 2.30 6.90 3.45 5.75 14.94 42.53 100.00

1984 3 2 7 2 1 4 3 3 5 2 15 39 86

3.49 2.33 8.14 2.33 1.16 4.65 3.49 3.49 5.81 2.33 17.44 45.35 100.00

1985 7 3 3 3 5 2 3 4 3 4 13 49 99

7.07 3.03 3.03 3.03 5.05 2.02 3.03 4.04 3.03 4.04 13.13 49.49 100.00

1986 4 2 2 1 6 1 2 3 8 7 18 52 106

3.77 1.89 1.89 0.94 5.66 0.94 1.89 2.83 7.55 6.60 16.98 49.06 100.00

1987 4 2 4 4 3 3 2 4 3 5 18 50 102

3.92 1.96 3.92 3.92 2.94 2.94 1.96 3.92 2.94 4.90 17.65 49.02 100.00

1988 10 7 6 2 1 6 0 6 3 6 18 45 110

9.09 6.36 5.45 1.82 0.91 5.45 0.00 5.45 2.73 5.45 16.36 40.91 100.00

1989 5 5 2 5 4 2 2 0 7 6 16 50 104

4.81 4.81 1.92 4.81 3.85 1.92 1.92 0.00 6.73 5.77 15.38 48.08 100.00

1990 7 3 3 1 2 2 0 3 3 9 11 55 99

7.07 3.03 3.03 1.01 2.02 2.02 0.00 3.03 3.03 9.09 11.11 55.56 100.00

1991 3 1 1 4 3 0 2 2 0 4 17 58 95

3.16 1.05 1.05 4.21 3.16 0.00 2.11 2.11 0.00 4.21 17.89 61.05 100.00

1992 5 1 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 4 7 63 95

5.26 1.05 2.11 1.05 3.16 3.16 2.11 3.16 1.05 4.21 7.37 66.32 100.00

Total 60 33 33 25 33 34 21 41 44 56 160 523 1063

_________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 33

Table 23. Number of species landed per TC2 vessel in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/number of species combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage

of the annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Species

Year 1-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 15-17 18-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-32 33 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 20 34 43 50 58 82 69 31 11 14 5 1 418

4.78 8.13 10.29 11.96 13.88 19.62 16.51 7.42 2.63 3.35 1.20 0.24 100.00

1983 15 31 32 44 53 78 67 32 13 2 2 0 369

4.07 8.40 8.67 11.92 14.36 21.14 18.16 8.67 3.52 0.54 0.54 0.00 100.00

1984 13 32 38 53 62 91 41 38 18 19 3 0 408

3.19 7.84 9.31 12.99 15.20 22.30 10.05 9.31 4.41 4.66 0.74 0.00 100.00

1985 14 30 39 58 65 81 39 21 18 18 6 1 390

3.59 7.69 10.00 14.87 16.67 20.77 10.00 5.38 4.62 4.62 1.54 0.26 100.00

1986 21 25 39 46 76 51 48 34 19 10 9 2 380

5.53 6.58 10.26 12.11 20.00 13.42 12.63 8.95 5.00 2.63 2.37 0.53 100.00

1987 20 37 41 67 53 80 57 28 16 18 3 0 420

4.76 8.81 9.76 15.95 12.62 19.05 13.57 6.67 3.81 4.29 0.71 0.00 100.00

1988 16 39 49 58 72 63 40 32 17 9 4 1 400

4.00 9.75 12.25 14.50 18.00 15.75 10.00 8.00 4.25 2.25 1.00 0.25 100.00

1989 18 34 34 55 43 43 36 17 16 7 0 0 303

5.94 11.22 11.22 18.15 14.19 14.19 11.88 5.61 5.28 2.31 0.00 0.00 100.00

1990 29 22 51 38 52 46 26 19 14 6 2 0 305

9.51 7.21 16.72 12.46 17.05 15.08 8.52 6.23 4.59 1.97 0.66 0.00 100.00

1991 40 20 42 34 52 41 29 21 19 8 4 1 311

12.86 6.43 13.50 10.93 16.72 13.18 9.32 6.75 6.11 2.57 1.29 0.32 100.00

1992 60 17 34 43 44 30 34 25 14 9 6 1 317

18.93 5.36 10.73 13.56 13.88 9.46 10.73 7.89 4.42 2.84 1.89 0.32 100.00

Total 266 321 442 546 630 686 486 298 175 120 44 7 4021

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 34

Table 24. Number of species landed per TC3 vessel in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/number of species combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage

of the annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Species

Year 1-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 15-17 18-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-32 33 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 8 13 36 71 64 80 48 42 20 10 2 0 394

2.03 3.30 9.14 18.02 16.24 20.30 12.18 10.66 5.08 2.54 0.51 0.00 100.00

1983 10 27 29 77 73 87 65 42 19 6 3 0 438

2.28 6.16 6.62 17.58 16.67 19.86 14.84 9.59 4.34 1.37 0.68 0.00 100.00

1984 7 26 39 101 74 85 60 29 35 28 6 0 490

1.43 5.31 7.96 20.61 15.10 17.35 12.24 5.92 7.14 5.71 1.22 0.00 100.00

1985 2 13 26 107 70 83 55 37 23 22 7 4 449

0.45 2.90 5.79 23.83 15.59 18.49 12.25 8.24 5.12 4.90 1.56 0.89 100.00

1986 4 15 37 89 74 88 61 37 30 16 4 5 460

0.87 3.26 8.04 19.35 16.09 19.13 13.26 8.04 6.52 3.48 0.87 1.09 100.00

1987 12 15 34 87 76 79 62 35 25 25 12 0 462

2.60 3.25 7.36 18.83 16.45 17.10 13.42 7.58 5.41 5.41 2.60 0.00 100.00

1988 14 17 51 114 75 69 53 22 18 25 5 0 463

3.02 3.67 11.02 24.62 16.20 14.90 11.45 4.75 3.89 5.40 1.08 0.00 100.00

1989 17 13 54 85 97 79 47 19 19 20 9 5 464

3.66 2.80 11.64 18.32 20.91 17.03 10.13 4.09 4.09 4.31 1.94 1.08 100.00

1990 12 18 43 90 68 71 40 25 22 19 8 4 420

2.86 4.29 10.24 21.43 16.19 16.90 9.52 5.95 5.24 4.52 1.90 0.95 100.00

1991 2 26 25 69 76 70 38 22 30 23 8 9 398

0.50 6.53 6.28 17.34 19.10 17.59 9.55 5.53 7.54 5.78 2.01 2.26 100.00

1992 4 14 29 45 80 87 38 18 21 23 22 10 391

1.02 3.58 7.42 11.51 20.46 22.25 9.72 4.60 5.37 5.88 5.63 2.56 100.00

Total 92 197 403 935 827 878 567 328 262 217 86 37 4829

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 35

Table 25. Number of species landed per TC4 vessel in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/number of species combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage

of the annual total.)

________________________________________________________________________________________

 Number of Species

Year 1-2 3-5 6-8 9-11 12-14 15-17 18-20 21-23 24-26 27-29 30-32 33 Total

________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 0 0 3 21 17 20 7 6 4 2 0 0 80

0.00 0.00 3.75 26.25 21.25 25.00 8.75 7.50 5.00 2.50 0.00 0.00 100.00

1983 2 2 7 14 31 15 4 7 5 0 0 0 87

2.30 2.30 8.05 16.09 35.63 17.24 4.60 8.05 5.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 0 2 6 17 29 18 4 2 2 4 2 0 86

0.00 2.33 6.98 19.77 33.72 20.93 4.65 2.33 2.33 4.65 2.33 0.00 100.00

1985 0 2 5 22 34 19 5 2 4 3 2 1 99

0.00 2.02 5.05 22.22 34.34 19.19 5.05 2.02 4.04 3.03 2.02 1.01 100.00

1986 0 3 8 19 34 21 5 4 7 4 1 0 106

0.00 2.83 7.55 17.92 32.08 19.81 4.72 3.77 6.60 3.77 0.94 0.00 100.00

1987 2 5 8 12 32 18 14 4 2 3 2 0 102

1.96 4.90 7.84 11.76 31.37 17.65 13.73 3.92 1.96 2.94 1.96 0.00 100.00

1988 2 4 17 15 36 17 7 3 2 1 4 2 110

1.82 3.64 15.45 13.64 32.73 15.45 6.36 2.73 1.82 0.91 3.64 1.82 100.00

1989 1 5 4 18 23 25 13 4 0 3 1 6 103

0.97 4.85 3.88 17.48 22.33 24.27 12.62 3.88 0.00 2.91 0.97 5.83 100.00

1990 3 2 8 18 20 26 10 2 1 1 3 5 99

3.03 2.02 8.08 18.18 20.20 26.26 10.10 2.02 1.01 1.01 3.03 5.05 100.00

1991 0 0 7 12 25 29 5 3 6 4 3 1 95

0.00 0.00 7.37 12.63 26.32 30.53 5.26 3.16 6.32 4.21 3.16 1.05 100.00

1992 0 5 3 13 21 25 8 6 0 5 6 3 95

0.00 5.26 3.16 13.68 22.11 26.32 8.42 6.32 0.00 5.26 6.32 3.16 100.00

Total 10 30 76 181 302 233 82 43 33 30 24 18 1062

________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 36

Table 26. Number of days absent by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/

number of days absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage

of the annual total.)

________________________________________________________________________________________

 Days Absent from Port

Year 1-10 11-25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-200 201-250 Total

________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 102 43 54 48 44 56 37 25 1 410

24.88 10.49 13.17 11.71 10.73 13.66 9.02 6.10 0.24 100.00

1983 86 38 43 47 48 48 24 23 1 358

24.02 10.61 12.01 13.13 13.41 13.41 6.70 6.42 0.28 100.00

1984 85 48 69 52 59 37 30 25 0 405

20.99 11.85 17.04 12.84 14.57 9.14 7.41 6.17 0.00 100.00

1985 85 48 76 54 38 28 32 19 3 383

22.19 12.53 19.84 14.10 9.92 7.31 8.36 4.96 0.78 100.00

1986 78 57 64 45 51 30 34 18 1 378

20.63 15.08 16.93 11.90 13.49 7.94 8.99 4.76 0.26 100.00

1987 92 60 74 57 50 42 30 12 0 417

22.06 14.39 17.75 13.67 11.99 10.07 7.19 2.88 0.00 100.00

1988 84 65 67 36 46 45 28 15 1 387

21.71 16.80 17.31 9.30 11.89 11.63 7.24 3.88 0.26 100.00

1989 62 38 62 39 31 31 17 13 2 295

21.02 12.88 21.02 13.22 10.51 10.51 5.76 4.41 0.68 100.00

1990 64 50 51 35 28 36 25 8 2 299

21.40 16.72 17.06 11.71 9.36 12.04 8.36 2.68 0.67 100.00

1991 72 53 37 39 36 34 20 18 1 310

23.23 17.10 11.94 12.58 11.61 10.97 6.45 5.81 0.32 100.00

1992 91 46 28 34 39 31 25 17 4 315

28.89 14.60 8.89 10.79 12.38 9.84 7.94 5.40 1.27 100.00

Total 901 546 625 486 470 418 302 193 16 3957

________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 37

Table 27. Number of days absent by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For

each year/number of days absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value

is the percentage of the annual total.)

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Days Absent from Port

1- 11- 26- 51- 76- 101- 126- 151- 201-

Year 10 25 50 75 100 125 150 200 250 >250 Total

____________________________________________________________________________________

1982 53 40 34 36 42 46 47 72 21 0 391

13.55 10.23 8.70 9.21 10.74 11.76 12.02 18.41 5.37 0.00 100.00

1983 56 31 49 36 50 54 41 93 28 0 438

12.79 7.08 11.19 8.22 11.42 12.33 9.36 21.23 6.39 0.00 100.00

1984 60 44 43 42 57 58 52 100 31 2 489

12.27 9.00 8.79 8.59 11.66 11.86 10.63 20.45 6.34 0.41 100.00

1985 47 33 49 31 39 45 59 89 52 2 446

10.54 7.40 10.99 6.95 8.74 10.09 13.23 19.96 11.66 0.45 100.00

1986 47 37 41 39 46 56 51 117 23 3 460

10.22 8.04 8.91 8.48 10.00 12.17 11.09 25.43 5.00 0.65 100.00

1987 43 40 40 36 49 57 55 122 18 0 460

9.35 8.70 8.70 7.83 10.65 12.39 11.96 26.52 3.91 0.00 100.00

1988 50 49 46 32 50 50 48 92 39 2 458

10.92 10.70 10.04 6.99 10.92 10.92 10.48 20.09 8.52 0.44 100.00

1989 56 43 50 45 43 42 48 93 39 1 460

12.17 9.35 10.87 9.78 9.35 9.13 10.43 20.22 8.48 0.22 100.00

1990 44 34 34 35 38 34 50 89 58 2 418

10.53 8.13 8.13 8.37 9.09 8.13 11.96 21.29 13.88 0.48 100.00

1991 37 25 26 24 36 45 40 101 59 4 397

9.32 6.30 6.55 6.05 9.07 11.34 10.08 25.44 14.86 1.01 100.00

1992 22 27 28 20 29 45 48 97 72 2 390

5.64 6.92 7.18 5.13 7.44 11.54 12.31 24.87 18.46 0.51 100.00

Total 515 403 440 376 479 532 539 1065 440 18 4807

____________________________________________________________________________________
Page 38

Table 28. Number of days absent by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/number of days absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the

percentage of the annual total.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Days Absent from Port

1- 11- 26- 51- 76- 101- 126- 151- 201-

Year 10 25 50 75 100 125 150 200 250 >250 Total

______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 2 5 7 3 7 7 9 18 21 1 80

2.50 6.25 8.75 3.75 8.75 8.75 11.25 22.50 26.25 1.25 100.00

1983 6 4 1 7 6 8 7 26 22 0 87

6.90 4.60 1.15 8.05 6.90 9.20 8.05 29.89 25.29 0.00 100.00

1984 2 2 8 4 5 8 4 21 31 1 86

2.33 2.33 9.30 4.65 5.81 9.30 4.65 24.42 36.05 1.16 100.00

1985 5 7 5 6 4 4 9 23 33 3 99

5.05 7.07 5.05 6.06 4.04 4.04 9.09 23.23 33.33 3.03 100.00

1986 3 3 3 6 6 10 7 27 33 8 106

2.83 2.83 2.83 5.66 5.66 9.43 6.60 25.47 31.13 7.55 100.00

1987 3 5 5 9 5 5 5 34 22 9 102

2.94 4.90 4.90 8.82 4.90 4.90 4.90 33.33 21.57 8.82 100.00

1988 7 10 6 7 4 8 8 26 28 5 109

6.42 9.17 5.50 6.42 3.67 7.34 7.34 23.85 25.69 4.59 100.00

1989 7 3 7 3 7 9 8 19 34 7 104

6.73 2.88 6.73 2.88 6.73 8.65 7.69 18.27 32.69 6.73 100.00

1990 9 2 3 3 5 4 3 28 38 4 99

9.09 2.02 3.03 3.03 5.05 4.04 3.03 28.28 38.38 4.04 100.00

1991 0 4 8 0 1 3 7 32 37 3 95

0.00 4.21 8.42 0.00 1.05 3.16 7.37 33.68 38.95 3.16 100.00

1992 6 0 4 4 4 3 2 16 49 7 95

6.32 0.00 4.21 4.21 4.21 3.16 2.11 16.84 51.58 7.37 100.00

Total 50 45 57 52 54 69 69 270 348 48 1062

______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 39

Table 29. Weight landed in metric tons by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S.

otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each year/weight landed

combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value

is the percentage of the annual total.)

___________________________________________________________

 Weight Landed (00s mt)

Year <1 >1-2 >2-5 >5-10 Total

___________________________________________________________

1982 315 78 25 0 418

75.36 18.66 5.98 0.00 100.00

1983 267 73 27 1 368

72.55 19.84 7.34 0.27 100.00

1984 326 53 27 1 407

80.10 13.02 6.63 0.25 100.00

1985 319 51 18 1 389

82.01 13.11 4.63 0.26 100.00

1986 323 43 13 0 379

85.22 11.35 3.43 0.00 100.00

1987 368 38 13 0 419

87.83 9.07 3.10 0.00 100.00

1988 355 34 10 0 399

88.97 8.52 2.51 0.00 100.00

1989 267 27 8 0 302

88.41 8.94 2.65 0.00 100.00

1990 263 30 10 2 305

86.23 9.84 3.28 0.66 100.00

1991 274 28 9 1 312

87.82 8.97 2.88 0.32 100.00

1992 278 34 4 0 316

87.97 10.76 1.27 0.00 100.00

Total 3355 489 164 6 4014

___________________________________________________________
Page 40

Table 30. Weight landed in metric tons by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/weight landed combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of

the annual total.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Weight Landed (00s mt)

Year <1 >1-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-15 >15-25 >25-50 Total

____________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 158 54 132 46 3 1 0 394

40.10 13.71 33.50 11.68 0.76 0.25 0.00 100.00

1983 156 81 165 33 3 0 0 438

35.62 18.49 37.67 7.53 0.68 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 196 109 155 28 2 0 0 490

40.00 22.24 31.63 5.71 0.41 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 193 109 133 12 1 1 0 449

42.98 24.28 29.62 2.67 0.22 0.22 0.00 100.00

1986 207 136 106 9 2 0 0 460

45.00 29.57 23.04 1.96 0.43 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 219 131 108 3 0 1 0 462

47.40 28.35 23.38 0.65 0.00 0.22 0.00 100.00

1988 240 131 87 4 1 0 0 463

51.84 28.29 18.79 0.86 0.22 0.00 0.00 100.00

1989 253 128 78 3 0 2 0 464

54.53 27.59 16.81 0.65 0.00 0.43 0.00 100.00

1990 187 93 126 10 2 1 1 420

44.52 22.14 30.00 2.38 0.48 0.24 0.24 100.00

1991 155 117 109 12 2 1 2 398

38.94 29.40 27.39 3.02 0.50 0.25 0.50 100.00

1992 153 128 95 8 0 4 3 391

39.13 32.74 24.30 2.05 0.00 1.02 0.77 100.00

Total 2117 1217 1294 168 16 11 6 4829

____________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 41

Table 31. Weight landed in metric tons by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/weight landed combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of

the annual total.)

____________________________________________________________________________________________

 Weight Landed (00s mt)

Year <1 >1-2 >2-5 >5-10 >10-15 >15-25 >25-50 Total

____________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 13 4 18 41 4 0 0 80

16.25 5.00 22.50 51.25 5.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1983 13 4 29 34 7 0 0 87

14.94 4.60 33.33 39.08 8.05 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 10 9 32 29 6 0 0 86

11.63 10.47 37.21 33.72 6.98 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 21 9 39 28 2 0 0 99

21.21 9.09 39.39 28.28 2.02 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 14 17 40 33 1 1 0 106

13.21 16.04 37.74 31.13 0.94 0.94 0.00 100.00

1987 18 8 55 20 0 0 1 102

17.65 7.84 53.92 19.61 0.00 0.00 0.98 100.00

1988 24 18 49 17 1 0 1 110

21.82 16.36 44.55 15.45 0.91 0.00 0.91 100.00

1989 18 17 43 18 2 3 3 104

17.31 16.35 41.35 17.31 1.92 2.88 2.88 100.00

1990 16 3 47 22 6 3 2 99

16.16 3.03 47.47 22.22 6.06 3.03 2.02 100.00

1991 10 6 49 25 4 1 0 95

10.53 6.32 51.58 26.32 4.21 1.05 0.00 100.00

1992 12 11 43 19 5 3 2 95

12.63 11.58 45.26 20.00 5.26 3.16 2.11 100.00

Total 169 106 444 286 38 11 9 1063

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 42

Table 32. Weight landed in metric tons per day absent by TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/weight landed per day absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels;

the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

 Weight Landed per Day Absent (mt)

Year <0.5 >0.5-1.0 >1.0-1.5 >1.5-2.0 >2.0-2.5 >2.5-5.0 >5.0-10 Total

___________________________________________________________________________________________

1982 114 144 87 39 15 10 1 410

27.80 35.12 21.22 9.51 3.66 2.44 0.24

1983 82 119 84 34 20 15 4 358

22.91 33.24 23.46 9.50 5.59 4.19 1.12

1984 137 134 78 37 10 8 1 405

33.83 33.09 19.26 9.14 2.47 1.98 0.25

1985 174 112 61 25 7 4 0 383

45.43 29.24 15.93 6.53 1.83 1.04 0.00

1986 168 130 59 12 3 5 0 377

44.56 34.48 15.65 3.18 0.80 1.33 0.00

1987 215 134 36 20 3 8 0 416

51.68 32.21 8.65 4.81 0.72 1.92 0.00

1988 226 105 30 7 5 10 1 384

58.85 27.34 7.81 1.82 1.30 2.60 0.26

1989 175 77 35 4 3 1 0 295

59.32 26.10 11.86 1.36 1.02 0.34 0.00

1990 165 88 23 8 9 6 0 299

55.18 29.43 7.69 2.68 3.01 2.01 0.00

1991 161 107 26 10 2 3 0 309

52.10 34.63 8.41 3.24 0.65 0.97 0.00

1992 188 94 20 8 4 1 0 315

59.68 29.84 6.35 2.54 1.27 0.32 0.00

Total 1805 1244 539 204 81 71 7 3951

___________________________________________________________________________________________
Page 43

Table 33. Weight landed in metric tons per day absent by TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/weight landed per day absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels;

the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Weight Landed per Day Absent (mt)

>0.5 >1.0 >1.5 >2.0 >2.5 >5.0 >10

Year <0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -5.0 -10 -20 Total

______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 10 49 64 87 68 91 22 0 391

2.56 12.53 16.37 22.25 17.39 23.27 5.63 0.00 100.00

1983 11 47 88 99 87 96 10 0 438

2.51 10.73 20.09 22.60 19.86 21.92 2.28 0.00 100.00

1984 19 94 148 92 60 65 10 1 489

3.89 19.22 30.27 18.81 12.27 13.29 2.04 0.20 100.00

1985 32 154 117 62 41 34 4 2 446

7.17 34.53 26.23 13.90 9.19 7.62 0.90 0.45 100.00

1986 41 183 99 79 26 24 6 2 460

8.91 39.78 21.52 17.17 5.65 5.22 1.30 0.43 100.00

1987 41 169 136 60 26 25 2 1 460

8.91 36.74 29.57 13.04 5.65 5.43 0.43 0.22 100.00

1988 52 195 116 49 20 25 1 0 458

11.35 42.58 25.33 10.70 4.37 5.46 0.22 0.00 100.00

1989 78 189 106 43 19 22 1 2 460

16.96 41.09 23.04 9.35 4.13 4.78 0.22 0.43 100.00

1990 45 149 120 50 24 21 8 1 418

10.77 35.65 28.71 11.96 5.74 5.02 1.91 0.24 100.00

1991 56 129 117 48 14 23 5 5 397

14.11 32.49 29.47 12.09 3.53 5.79 1.26 1.26 100.00

1992 56 169 99 35 6 16 2 7 390

14.36 43.33 25.38 8.97 1.54 4.10 0.51 1.79 100.00

Total 441 1527 1210 704 391 442 71 21 4807

______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 44

Table 34. Weight landed in metric tons per day absent by TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during

1982-92. (For each year/weight landed per day absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels;

the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 Weight Landed per Day Absent (mt)

>0.5 >1.0 >1.5 >2.0 >2.5 >5.0 >10 >20 >30

Year <0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -5.0 -10 -20 -30 -50 Total

_______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 0 0 2 6 11 50 11 0 0 0 80

0.00 0.00 2.50 7.50 13.75 62.50 13.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1983 0 1 1 9 13 58 5 0 0 0 87

0.00 1.15 1.15 10.34 14.94 66.67 5.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1984 1 1 9 15 18 33 9 0 0 0 86

1.16 1.16 10.47 17.44 20.93 38.37 10.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1985 2 7 21 17 22 28 2 0 0 0 99

2.02 7.07 21.21 17.17 22.22 28.28 2.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

1986 2 15 14 23 18 24 9 1 0 0 106

1.89 14.15 13.21 21.70 16.98 22.64 8.49 0.94 0.00 0.00 100.00

1987 2 11 21 29 16 12 9 2 0 0 102

1.96 10.78 20.59 28.43 15.69 11.76 8.82 1.96 0.00 0.00 100.00

1988 3 8 24 35 15 16 6 1 1 0 109

2.75 7.34 22.02 32.11 13.76 14.68 5.50 0.92 0.92 0.00 100.00

1989 2 12 28 24 7 17 10 3 0 1 104

1.92 11.54 26.92 23.08 6.73 16.35 9.62 2.88 0.00 0.96 100.00

1990 0 4 23 26 14 19 9 3 1 0 99

0.00 4.04 23.23 26.26 14.14 19.19 9.09 3.03 1.01 0.00 100.00

1991 1 7 26 18 8 25 7 2 1 0 95

1.05 7.37 27.37 18.95 8.42 26.32 7.37 2.11 1.05 0.00 100.00

1992 2 10 26 20 8 17 8 4 0 0 95

2.11 10.53 27.37 21.05 8.42 17.89 8.42 4.21 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 15 76 195 222 150 299 85 16 3 1 1062

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 45

Table 35. Nominal revenue in dollars for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-

92. (For each year/nominal revenue combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the

lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

________________________________________________________________________________

 Nominal Revenue (000s dollars)

>50- >100 >200 >300 >400

Year <50 100 -200 -300 -400 -500 Total

________________________________________________________________________________

1982 251 87 66 9 3 0 416

60.34 20.91 15.87 2.16 0.72 0.00 100.00

1983 207 87 62 9 3 0 368

56.25 23.64 16.85 2.45 0.82 0.00 100.00

1984 255 90 49 12 1 0 407

62.65 22.11 12.04 2.95 0.25 0.00 100.00

1985 259 63 56 10 1 0 389

66.58 16.20 14.40 2.57 0.26 0.00 100.00

1986 238 74 58 7 1 0 378

62.96 19.58 15.34 1.85 0.26 0.00 100.00

1987 254 87 59 14 3 1 418

60.77 20.81 14.11 3.35 0.72 0.24 100.00

1988 261 82 49 4 1 0 397

65.74 20.65 12.34 1.01 0.25 0.00 100.00

1989 194 65 35 7 1 0 302

64.24 21.52 11.59 2.32 0.33 0.00 100.00

1990 197 61 40 6 1 0 305

64.59 20.00 13.11 1.97 0.33 0.00 100.00

1991 187 60 49 9 5 1 311

60.13 19.29 15.76 2.89 1.61 0.32 100.00

1992 198 67 40 9 1 1 316

62.66 21.20 12.66 2.85 0.32 0.32 100.00

Total 2501 823 563 96 21 3 4007

________________________________________________________________________________
Page 46

Table 36. Nominal revenue in dollars for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92. (For each

year/nominal revenue combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage

of the annual total.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Nominal Revenue (000s dollars)

>50 >100 >200 >300 >400 >500 >600 >800

Year <50 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -800 -1000 >1000 Total

______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 111 53 76 53 43 30 19 7 2 0 394

28.17 13.45 19.29 13.45 10.91 7.61 4.82 1.78 0.51 0.00 100.00

1983 117 47 100 69 45 33 16 9 2 0 438

26.71 10.73 22.83 15.75 10.27 7.53 3.65 2.05 0.46 0.00 100.00

1984 134 52 110 77 60 39 10 7 1 0 490

27.35 10.61 22.45 15.71 12.24 7.96 2.04 1.43 0.20 0.00 100.00

1985 120 60 81 93 55 22 12 5 1 0 449

26.73 13.36 18.04 20.71 12.25 4.90 2.67 1.11 0.22 0.00 100.00

1986 106 60 96 88 61 29 10 8 0 2 460

23.04 13.04 20.87 19.13 13.26 6.30 2.17 1.74 0.00 0.43 100.00

1987 97 55 87 78 73 34 22 11 3 2 462

21.00 11.90 18.83 16.88 15.80 7.36 4.76 2.38 0.65 0.43 100.00

1988 127 57 116 59 60 21 12 9 1 1 463

27.43 12.31 25.05 12.74 12.96 4.54 2.59 1.94 0.22 0.22 100.00

1989 137 65 99 77 46 21 12 5 0 2 464

29.53 14.01 21.34 16.59 9.91 4.53 2.59 1.08 0.00 0.43 100.00

1990 108 53 76 65 50 29 23 12 3 1 420

25.71 12.62 18.10 15.48 11.90 6.90 5.48 2.86 0.71 0.24 100.00

1991 80 48 71 71 59 28 21 17 0 3 398

20.10 12.06 17.84 17.84 14.82 7.04 5.28 4.27 0.00 0.75 100.00

1992 71 44 79 80 56 34 17 6 0 4 391

18.16 11.25 20.20 20.46 14.32 8.70 4.35 1.53 0.00 1.02 100.00

Total 1208 594 991 810 608 320 174 96 13 15 4829

______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 47

Table 37. Nominal revenue in dollars for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet during 1982-92.

(For each year/nominal revenue combination, the upper value is the number of vessels; the lower value

is the percentage of the annual total.)

____________________________________________________________________________________

 Nominal Revenue (000s dollars)

>50 >100 >200 >300 >400 >500 >600 >800

Year <50 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -800 -1000 >1000 Total

____________________________________________________________________________________

1982 8 5 7 14 5 10 9 19 1 2 80

10.00 6.25 8.75 17.50 6.25 12.50 11.25 23.75 1.25 2.50 100.00

1983 8 5 9 7 8 16 16 13 4 1 87

9.20 5.75 10.34 8.05 9.20 18.39 18.39 14.94 4.60 1.15 100.00

1984 5 3 11 8 12 15 10 16 3 3 86

5.81 3.49 12.79 9.30 13.95 17.44 11.63 18.60 3.49 3.49 100.00

1985 10 6 12 9 9 18 14 11 6 4 99

10.10 6.06 12.12 9.09 9.09 18.18 14.14 11.11 6.06 4.04 100.00

1986 6 4 5 17 13 18 10 18 12 3 106

5.66 3.77 4.72 16.04 12.26 16.98 9.43 16.98 11.32 2.83 100.00

1987 7 4 10 5 10 17 14 21 10 4 102

6.86 3.92 9.80 4.90 9.80 16.67 13.73 20.59 9.80 3.92 100.00

1988 15 5 9 8 21 17 15 13 3 4 110

13.64 4.55 8.18 7.27 19.09 15.45 13.64 11.82 2.73 3.64 100.00

1989 11 5 6 14 12 14 10 19 3 10 104

10.58 4.81 5.77 13.46 11.54 13.46 9.62 18.27 2.88 9.62 100.00

1990 13 2 2 4 9 11 20 19 11 8 99

13.13 2.02 2.02 4.04 9.09 11.11 20.20 19.19 11.11 8.08 100.00

1991 5 4 4 6 5 11 19 17 16 8 95

5.26 4.21 4.21 6.32 5.26 11.58 20.00 17.89 16.84 8.42 100.00

1992 8 1 9 4 5 16 11 23 9 9 95

8.42 1.05 9.47 4.21 5.26 16.84 11.58 24.21 9.47 9.47 100.00

Total 96 44 84 96 109 163 148 189 78 56 1063

____________________________________________________________________________________
Page 48

Table 38. Nominal revenue in dollars per day absent for TC2 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet, 1982-

92. (For each year/nominal revenue per day absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels;

the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

______________________________________________________________________________________

 Nominal Revenue per Day Absent (00s dollars)

>5 >10 >15 >20 >25 >30 >40

Year <5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40 -50 >50 Total

______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 137 169 57 26 12 3 3 0 1 408

33.58 41.42 13.97 6.37 2.94 0.74 0.74 0.00 0.25 100.00

1983 111 131 69 25 9 7 2 2 2 358

31.01 36.59 19.27 6.98 2.51 1.96 0.56 0.56 0.56 100.00

1984 131 175 74 18 3 2 0 2 0 405

32.35 43.21 18.27 4.44 0.74 0.49 0.00 0.49 0.00 100.00

1985 140 151 69 15 4 1 2 1 0 383

36.55 39.43 18.02 3.92 1.04 0.26 0.52 0.26 0.00 100.00

1986 94 176 71 25 8 0 1 2 0 377

24.93 46.68 18.83 6.63 2.12 0.00 0.27 0.53 0.00 100.00

1987 83 195 81 34 11 8 3 1 0 416

19.95 46.88 19.47 8.17 2.64 1.92 0.72 0.24 0.00 100.00

1988 102 191 56 24 6 1 3 2 0 385

26.49 49.61 14.55 6.23 1.56 0.26 0.78 0.52 0.00 100.00

1989 79 145 45 15 4 6 1 0 0 295

26.78 49.15 15.25 5.08 1.36 2.03 0.34 0.00 0.00 100.00

1990 101 136 50 8 3 0 0 1 0 299

33.78 45.48 16.72 2.68 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 100.00

1991 85 121 71 22 5 3 1 1 0 309

27.51 39.16 22.98 7.12 1.62 0.97 0.32 0.32 0.00 100.00

1992 92 145 52 20 6 0 0 0 0 315

29.21 46.03 16.51 6.35 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00

Total 1155 1735 695 232 71 31 16 12 3 3950

______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 49

Table 39. Nominal revenue in dollars per day absent for TC3 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl fleet, 1982-

92. (For each year/nominal revenue per day absent combination, the upper value is the number of vessels;

the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 Nominal Revenue per Day Absent (00s dollars)

>5 >10 >15 >20 >25 >30 >40

Year <5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40 -50 >50 Total

_______________________________________________________________________________________

1982 8 56 83 98 63 43 28 9 3 391

2.05 14.32 21.23 25.06 16.11 11.00 7.16 2.30 0.77 100.00

1983 12 50 108 123 75 36 27 7 0 438

2.74 11.42 24.66 28.08 17.12 8.22 6.16 1.60 0.00 100.00

1984 14 73 131 135 83 30 19 1 3 489

2.86 14.93 26.79 27.61 16.97 6.13 3.89 0.20 0.61 100.00

1985 13 68 148 140 45 21 10 0 1 446

2.91 15.25 33.18 31.39 10.09 4.71 2.24 0.00 0.22 100.00

1986 9 62 126 139 66 31 20 4 3 460

1.96 13.48 27.39 30.22 14.35 6.74 4.35 0.87 0.65 100.00

1987 8 40 98 124 99 46 35 6 4 460

1.74 8.70 21.30 26.96 21.52 10.00 7.61 1.30 0.87 100.00

1988 14 71 135 122 70 19 19 5 3 458

3.06 15.50 29.48 26.64 15.28 4.15 4.15 1.09 0.66 100.00

1989 10 82 151 113 67 14 15 2 6 460

2.17 17.83 32.83 24.57 14.57 3.04 3.26 0.43 1.30 100.00

1990 13 82 120 95 55 32 16 0 5 418

3.11 19.62 28.71 22.73 13.16 7.66 3.83 0.00 1.20 100.00

1991 6 63 111 97 69 31 14 2 4 397

1.51 15.87 27.96 24.43 17.38 7.81 3.53 0.50 1.01 100.00

1992 11 64 132 108 47 15 6 3 4 390

2.82 16.41 33.85 27.69 12.05 3.85 1.54 0.77 1.03 100.00

Total 118 711 1343 1294 739 318 209 39 36 4807

_______________________________________________________________________________________
Page 50

Table 40. Nominal revenue in dollars per day absent for TC4 vessels in the northeastern U.S. otter trawl

fleet, 1982-92. (For each year/nominal revenue per day absent combination, the upper value is the

number of vessels; the lower value is the percentage of the annual total.)

_______________________________________________________________________________

 Nominal Revenue per Day Absent (00s dollars)

>5 >10 >15 >20 >25 >30 >40

Year 5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40 -50 >50 Total

_______________________________________________________________________________

1982 0 1 2 13 11 26 19 7 1 80

0.00 1.25 2.50 16.25 13.75 32.50 23.75 8.75 1.25 100.00

1983 0 0 5 9 24 16 25 6 2 87

0.00 0.00 5.75 10.34 27.59 18.39 28.74 6.90 2.30 100.00

1984 0 0 7 10 21 18 24 5 1 86

0.00 0.00 8.14 11.63 24.42 20.93 27.91 5.81 1.16 100.00

1985 1 1 6 26 13 26 20 4 2 99

1.01 1.01 6.06 26.26 13.13 26.26 20.20 4.04 2.02 100.00

1986 0 2 4 20 23 17 32 3 5 106

0.00 1.89 3.77 18.87 21.70 16.04 30.19 2.83 4.72 100.00

1987 0 2 2 8 17 19 39 8 7 102

0.00 1.96 1.96 7.84 16.67 18.63 38.24 7.84 6.86 100.00

1988 2 1 5 11 27 24 26 5 8 109

1.83 0.92 4.59 10.09 24.77 22.02 23.85 4.59 7.34 100.00

1989 1 3 5 18 17 21 26 4 9 104

0.96 2.88 4.81 17.31 16.35 20.19 25.00 3.85 8.65 100.00

1990 0 3 5 11 21 17 29 2 11 99

0.00 3.03 5.05 11.11 21.21 17.17 29.29 2.02 11.11 100.00

1991 0 1 2 9 22 16 25 10 10 95

0.00 1.05 2.11 9.47 23.16 16.84 26.32 10.53 10.53 100.00

1992 1 0 7 12 20 16 26 6 7 95

1.05 0.00 7.37 12.63 21.05 16.84 27.37 6.32 7.37 100.00

Total 5 14 50 147 216 216 291 60 63 1062

_______________________________________________________________________________