Series 10, Number 241 September 2009

Injury Episodes and

Circumstances: National

Health Interview Survey,

1997–2007
Copyright information

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be

reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is

appreciated.

Suggested citation

Chen LH, Warner M, Fingerhut L, Makuc D. Injury episodes and circumstances:

National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007. National Center for Health

Statistics. Vital Health Stat 10(241). 2009.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Injury episodes and circumstances: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–

2007 / by Li Hui Chen ... [et al.].

p. ; cm.— (Vital and health statistics. Series 10 ; no. 241) (DHHS

publication ; no. (PHS) 2009–1569)

‘‘August 2009.’’

Includes bibliographical references.
 

ISBN 0–8406-0632-X
 

1. Wounds and injuries—United States—Statistics. 2. Accidental poisoning—

United States—Statistics. 3. National Health Interview Survey (U.S.) I. Chen, Li

Hui. II. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) III. Series: Vital and health

statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey ; no. 241. IV. Series:

DHHS publication ; no. (PHS) 2009–1569.

[DNLM: 1. National Health Interview Survey (U.S.) 2. Wounds and

Injuries—epidemiology—United States. 3. Health Surveys—United States—

Statistics.

W2 A N148VJ no.241 2009 / WO 16 I554 2009]

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Series 10, Number 241

Injury Episodes and

Circumstances: National

Health Interview Survey,

1997–2007

Data From the National Health

Interview Survey

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

Hyattsville, Maryland

September 2009

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2009–1569
National Center for Health Statistics

Edward J. Sondik, Ph.D., Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Co-Deputy Director

Michael H. Sadagursky, Acting Co-Deputy Director

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Associate Director for Science

Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Acting Associate Director for

Planning, Budget, and Legislation

Michael H. Sadagursky, Associate Director for

Management and Operations

Lawrence H. Cox, Ph.D., Associate Director for Research

and Methodology

Linda B. Torian, Acting Director for Information Technology

Linda B. Torian, Acting Director for Information Services

Linda T. Bilheimer, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis

and Epidemiology

Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., Director for Vital Statistics

Jane E. Sisk, Ph.D., Director for Health Care Statistics

Jane F. Gentleman, Ph.D., Director for Health Interview

Statistics

Clifford L. Johnson, M.S.P.H., Director for Health and

Nutrition Examination Surveys

Office of Analysis and Epidemiology

Linda T. Bilheimer, Ph.D., Associate Director for Analysis

and Epidemiology

Diane M. Makuc, Dr.P.H., Associate Director for Science

Christine S. Cox, M.A., Chief, Special Projects Branch
Contents
 

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 
 

Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 
 

Overview of NHIS ......................................................................................... 1 
 

Sample Size and Response Rate, 1997–2007................................................................... 3 
 

NHIS Injury Section, 1997–2007 .............................................................................. 3 
 

Survey Questionnaires..................................................................................... 3 
 

Screening Questions ...................................................................................... 3 
 

Questions on Circumstances and Outcomes of Injury Episodes.................................................... 4 
 

Definition of Injury Episodes ............................................................................... 6 
 

Estimation Procedures....................................................................................... 7 
 

NHIS Sample Weights..................................................................................... 7 
 

Annual Estimates of the Number of Injury Episodes ............................................................ 7 
 

Multi-year Estimates of Injury Episodes ...................................................................... 8 
 

Variance Estimation....................................................................................... 8 
 

Multi-year Variance Estimates .............................................................................. 8 
 

Rates of Injury Episodes..................................................................................... 8 
 

Data Tables ............................................................................................... 8 
 

Discussion of Analytic Issues ................................................................................. 9 
 

Analysis Involving Multiple Years of Data .................................................................... 9 
 

Self-treated Injuries ....................................................................................... 9 
 

NHIS Injury Estimates in Comparison to Other National Sources................................................. 10 
 

Conclusions Concerning Injury Analyses....................................................................... 10 
 

Descriptive Injury Statistics ................................................................................. 10 
 

Injury Episodes by Selected Characteristics and Year........................................................... 10 
 

Characteristics of Injury Episodes and Injury Conditions by Year ................................................. 10 
 

Causes of Injury Episodes by Selected Characteristics .......................................................... 11 
 

Nature and Body Region of Injury Conditions ................................................................ 11 
 

Places of Occurrence of Injury Episodes ..................................................................... 11 
 

Activities at Time of Injury Episodes........................................................................ 11 
 

Hospitalization as a Result of Injury Episodes ................................................................ 11 
 

Days Lost From School and Work Due to Injury Episodes ...................................................... 11 
 

Sources of Medical Care for Injury Episodes ................................................................. 12 
 

References ............................................................................................... 12 
 

Appendix I .............................................................................................. 35 
 

Definition of Selected Terms .............................................................................. 35 
 

Appendix II .............................................................................................. 41 
 

Injury Questions, Structure of NHIS Data Files, Injury Variables, and File Location by Year, 1997–2007................. 41 
 

Appendix III ............................................................................................. 51 
 

Example Lists for the Screening Question for the NHIS Injury Section and the Influence on the Survey Results .......... 51 
 

iii
Appendix IV ............................................................................................. 53 
 

Criteria Used to Identify Injury Episodes in NHIS, 1997–2007................................................... 53 
 

Appendix V ............................................................................................. 55 
 

Injury-related Publications Using NHIS Data, 1997-present...................................................... 55 
 

Text Figures

1. National Health Interview Survey Structure ............................................................... 2 
 

Text Tables

A.	 Number of households, families, and persons in the National Health Interview Survey sample and household response
 

rates: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007 ........................................................ 3 
 

B.	 Introduction and screening questions for injury: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007 ..................... 4 
 

C.	 Causes of injury with expanded questions: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007.......................... 5 
 

D.	 Definition of injury episodes: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007 .................................... 6 
 

E.	 Ratios of injury episodes to persons with at least one injury episode and ratios of injury conditions to injury episodes,
 

by cause of injury and year: United States, 1997–2007 ...................................................... 7 
 

Detailed Tables

1. Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes and selected characteristics, by year: United States, 1997–2007...... 14 
 

1a. Annualized frequencies of injury episodes, by year and selected characteristics: United States, 1997–2007 ........... 16 
 

2.	 Percent distribution of injury episodes and conditions and selected injury characteristics, by year: United States,
 

1997–2007......................................................................................... 18 
 

2a. Annualized frequencies of injury episodes and conditions, by year and selected injury characteristics: United States,
 

1997–2007......................................................................................... 19 
 

3.	 Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by selected characteristics for the leading external causes of injury:
 

United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999..................................................... 21 
 

4.	 Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by sex and selected characteristics for the leading external causes of
 

injury: United States, 2004–2007....................................................................... 23 
 

5.	 Percentage of injury conditions, by nature and body region of the condition: United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003,
 

and 1997–1999 ..................................................................................... 25 
 

6.	 Percent distribution of body regions of the injury conditions, by sex and age for the leading external causes of injury:
 

United States, 2004–2007............................................................................. 26 
 

7.	 Percent distribution of the nature of the injury conditions, by sex and age for the leading external causes of injury:
 

United States, 2004–2007............................................................................. 27 
 

8.	 Percent distribution of place of occurrence of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury:
 

United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999..................................................... 28 
 

9.	 Percent distribution of activity at time of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury:
 

United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999..................................................... 31 
 

10.	 Annualized frequencies and percentage of injury episodes resulting in hospitalization, by sex and age: United States,
 

1997–1999 and 2004–2007 ........................................................................... 33 
 

11.	 Annualized frequencies and percentage of injury episodes resulting in time lost from work or school, by sex:
 

United States, 2004–2007............................................................................. 33 
 

12.	 Annualized frequencies and percentage of injury episodes, by sources of medical care: United States, 2004–2007 ..... 34 
 

Appendix Figures

I.	 National Health Interview Survey flashcard showing the predefined response list for body part injury............... 38 
 

Appendix Tables

I.	 Predefined response list for activity at time of injury, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007 ........ 35 
 

II.	 2000 United States standard population, by age group ..................................................... 36 
 

III.	 Weighted numbers and weighted percentages of injury and poisoning episodes with unknowns, by selected
 

characteristics: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007 ............................................... 39 
 

IV.	 Predefined response list for places of occurrence, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007............ 39 
 

V.	 Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007 ...................................... 42 
 

iv
VI.	 Injury variables and file locations, by year............................................................... 48 
 

VII.	 Frequency and proportion of emergency department visits: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey,
 

1998–2000......................................................................................... 51 
 

VIII.	 Example lists of injury conditions...................................................................... 52 
 

IX.	 Lists of example conditions ........................................................................... 52 
 

X.	 Age-adjusted injury episode rates (with standard errors), by listed example: 2005–2006 .......................... 52 
 

v
Background

The National Health Interview Survey

(NHIS) provides estimates of nonfatal,

medically attended injuries and poisonings

occurring in the United States.

Objectives

The objectives of this report are to 1)

document changes in the injury and

poisoning section of NHIS from 1997

through 2007; 2) provide guidance on

summarizing data across the 11-year

study period; and 3) present detailed

national estimates of nonfatal injury and

poisoning episodes for the time period.

Data Source

NHIS samples the civilian,

noninstitutionalized population of the

United States living in households. NHIS

data from the years 1997–2007 were used

in this report. Some questions related to

injury and poisoning episodes were

modified in 2000 and 2004.

Findings

During the period 1997–2004, many

NHIS injury and poisoning questions

were improved as a result of cognitive

interviewing, data analysis, and

feedback from interviewers and data

users. Revisions to the NHIS injury and

poisoning section pose some difficulties

for trend analysis. However, some

questions remained the same during

the 11-year period, despite the

questionnaire revisions. The injury and

poisoning section has not been revised

since 2004 and, where possible,

analyses should be limited to 2004 and

beyond. For analyses that require a

longer time period, this report provides

information on changes to questions

and statistics that illustrate the effect of

these changes on injury estimates.

In 2007, the medically attended

injury and poisoning episode rate

among the U.S. civilian,

noninstitutionalized population was

115.7 per 1,000 population. Despite

differences in some questions during

the period 1997–2007, NHIS data for

these years show falls as the leading

cause of injury and the home as the

leading place that injury occurred.

Keywords: injuries c poisonings

Injury Episodes and

Circumstances: National Health

Interview Survey, 1997–2007

by Li Hui Chen, M.S., Ph.D.; Margaret Warner, Ph.D.; Lois

Fingerhut, M.A.; and Diane Makuc, Dr.P.H., Office of Analysis and

Epidemiology

Introduction

The National Health Interview

Survey (NHIS) is a unique source of

national data on nonfatal injury and

poisoning in the United States. Unlike

other sources of data on nonfatal injury

that rely on medical records review,

NHIS offers a comprehensive

assessment of the causes, circumstances,

and outcomes of the injury event. The

survey is population-based and covers

medically attended nonfatal injuries

regardless of place of treatment.

This report presents estimates of

nonfatal, medically attended injury

episodes by some of the many factors

included in NHIS and covers the

11-year period from 1997 through 2007.

In 1997, the NHIS questionnaire was

redesigned and included more detailed

questions on injuries than in previous

years (1). Injury estimates have always

been available from NHIS, but prior to

1997, the injury statistics extracted from

NHIS lacked detail about the

circumstances of the events resulting in

the injury (2). Revisions to the injury

section of the questionnaire were

implemented in 2000 and 2004. The

majority of the estimates in this report

are annual averages for the three time

periods bounded by the revision years:

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007.

This report serves as a tool for

those who conduct analyses of these

rich data and as a source of U.S. injury

statistics. The objectives are three-fold:

1) to document changes in the injury

section of NHIS; 2) to provide guidance

on summarizing the data across the

11-year study period; and 3) to present

detailed national estimates of nonfatal

injury episodes for the years 1997–2007.

Overview of NHIS

NHIS monitors the health of the

U.S. population through the collection

and analysis of data on a broad range of

health topics. A major advantage of the

survey is the wide array of healthrelated variables available for analysis

by many demographic and

socioeconomic characteristics of

respondents. Injury is a leading cause of

mortality and morbidity in the United

States (3). NHIS includes a detailed

injury section intended to describe the

causes and circumstances as well as the

outcomes of episodes of injury in the

United States.

The basic module of NHIS is a

Core questionnaire that consists of three

main components: the Family Core, the

Sample Adult Core, and the Sample

Child Core. The survey structure is

illustrated in Figure 1.

The Core questionnaire remains

largely unchanged from year to year

allowing for trend analysis and for

Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Patricia Barnes in the Division of Health Interview Statistics

for answering our many questions and for her continued work on preparation of the data in the Injury

Section of the National Health Interview Survey.

Page 1
Page 2 [ Series 10, No. 241

Study population 

civilian noninstitutionalized population 

Families in survey 

36,900 on average each year2 

Family Core 

Questions for all family members are answered 

by the family member, if available, or by a 

knowledgeable adult family member. All injury 

questions are asked in the family core. 

Injury episodes 

Person responds “yes” to the screening question(s) for medically 

attended injury or poisoning episode occurring in the last 3 months. 

Includes external cause of injury information and place of injury.3 

Sample Adult Core 

Questions are answered by a randomly selected 

sample adult in the family. Behavior questions 

such as alcohol use are asked in the sample adult 

core. No injury questions are asked. 

Sample Child Core 

Questions are answered by a knowledgeable adult 

for a randomly selected sample child aged 0–17 

years in the family. No injury questions are asked. 

Nationally representative sample of households1 

Households in survey 

36,300 on average each year2 

1

Details on the sample design can be found in “Design and Estimation for the National Health Interview Survey, 1995–2004” (4) for data years 1997–2005 and Data File Documentation, 


National Health Interview Survey, 2006 (16) for data years 2006–2007. Trained interviewers from the U.S. Census Bureau visit each selected household and administer the questionnaire in 


person. Detailed interviewer instructions can be found in the NHIS Field Representative Manual. 
 2

Details on the number of households, families, and persons in the NHIS sample and response rates for each year can be found in Table A.
 3

Different questions were asked for the years 1997–2007. See Table B, Table D, and Appendix II for more detail.
 

SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007.
 

Figure 1. National Health Interview Survey structure

multiple years to be pooled. The Family

Core, the source of data for this report,

collects information for all family

members. Detailed descriptions of the

three components for each year can be

found in Summary Health Statistics for

the U.S. Population: National Health

Interview Survey (1997 through 2007)

(5–15).

During a household interview, all

members of the household aged 18 and

over who are at home at the time of the

interview are invited to participate and

respond for themselves to questions in

the Family Core. For all children and

for adults living in the household who

are not available for interview,

information is provided by a

knowledgeable adult family member

(aged 18 and over) residing in the

household. Information collected

includes the household composition and

sociodemographic characteristics of the

family, along with basic indicators of

health status, limitations in activities,

utilization of health care services, and

injury among family members.

NHIS is a cross-sectional survey

with continuous sampling and

interviewing throughout each year.

Trained interviewers from the U.S.

Census Bureau visit households selected

from the sampling frame and administer

NHIS in person whenever possible.

Detailed interviewer instructions can be

found in the NHIS Field Representative

Manual available on the NHIS website

at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

The NHIS sampling plan follows a

multistage area probability design that

permits a representative sampling of

households. NHIS samples the civilian

noninstitutionalized population of the

United States living in households. As

such the numerator and denominator of

estimated rates are based on that

population (unlike in some other surveys

where the numerator is from a survey of
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 3

Table A. Number of households, families, and persons in the National Health Interview Survey sample and household response rates:

National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

Household

Year Households Families Persons response rates

1997 ................................... 39,832 40,623 103,477 91.80%

1998 ................................... 38,209 38,773 98,785 90.00%

1999 ................................... 37,573 38,171 97,059 88.00%

2000 ................................... 38,932 39,264 100,618 88.90%

2001 ................................... 38,932 39,633 100,760 88.90%

2002 ................................... 36,161 36,831 93,386 89.60%

2003 ................................... 35,921 36,573 92,148 89.20%

2004 ................................... 36,579 37,466 94,460 86.90%

2005 ................................... 38,509 39,284 98,649 86.50%

2006 ................................... 29,204 29,868 75,716 87.30%

2007 ................................... 29,266 29,915 75,764 87.10%

medical records and the denominator is

from the census). Persons not included

in the survey are patients in long-term

care facilities, persons on active duty

with the Armed Forces (although their

dependents are included), and U.S.

nationals living in foreign countries.

Sample Size and Response

Rate, 1997–2007

Sample size information, including

the number of sampled households,

families, persons in the NHIS sample,

and response rates from the years

1997–2007 is shown in Table A. In

2007, household interviews were

completed for 75,764 persons living in

29,266 households (15). The household

response rate in 2007 was 87.1%.

In 2006, the sample design was

modified. The modification included a

reduction of about 13% of the

households. In addition, during the years

2002–2004 and 2006–2007, NHIS was

faced with budget shortfalls and as a

result, the size of the NHIS sample was

reduced (16).

NHIS Injury Section,

1997–2007

This report focuses on data

collected in the injury section of NHIS

during the years 1997–2007. Data on

injuries from the years 1957–1996 are

not included as major changes to the

injury section were implemented during

the 1997 NHIS redesign, making injury

data from 1997 onwards not comparable

to earlier years. Changes to the injury

section implemented in the 1997 NHIS

redesign include 1) changing the

severity threshold for reporting injury

events to include only injuries resulting

in persons seeking medical attention; 2)

increasing the recall period used in the

injury screening questions from 2 weeks

to 3 months; and 3) consolidating the

injury questions within the survey

instrument. Details of the 1997 redesign

related to the injury section can be

found in ‘‘Injury and Poisoning

Episodes and Conditions: National

Health Interview Survey, 1997’’ (1).

The injury questions were revised in

2000 and 2004 based on feedback from

the interviewers, difficulties with data

analysis, and data user feedback.

Therefore, the estimates provided in this

report are shown for three time periods:

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007.

The survey instrument, including the

question wording, is described in the

following section. Data analysis and

comparability issues across these time

periods are discussed.

Survey Questionnaires

The NHIS Survey Questionnaires

and Survey Description Documents for

the years 1997–2007 are available on

the NHIS website at http://www.cdc.

gov/nchs/nhis.htm. The injury section of

the questionnaire, referred to as the FIJ

section, is included in the Family Core

of NHIS. Table V in Appendix II

provides the question wording and can

be cross-referenced with Table VI in

Appendix II, which shows information

for locating the variable within the

NHIS data files. The NHIS Survey

Description Document provided for each

year of the survey includes several

pages describing the injury section, and

includes more detail on the changes

described in this report. In addition,

modifications to the survey such as

information on the sample design are

included in the Survey Description

Documents.

Screening Questions

The response to the screening

questions on injury determines whether

an episode of injury is reported and

further information on the injury

circumstances is gathered. The accuracy

of the estimates of injury episodes is

highly dependent on the screening

questions. From the screening question,

respondents need to understand what is

meant by an injury, remember whether

they experienced an injury during the

specified recall period, and decide

whether to accurately report the event

(17).

The introduction and screening

questions for the injury section were

modified twice (2000 and 2004) after

the initial revision to the section in

1997. The questions that screen for

injuries for these three time periods are

included in Table B. The 1997–1999

questionnaires included an introduction

explaining the importance of injuries,

followed by a question asking about

injuries, and further in the section a
Page 4 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table B. Introduction and screening questions for injury: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

Year

1997–1999........ 	 Introduction to section: Injuries are a major health problem. In order to develop new ways to help prevent both accidental and intentional injuries,

we need to know more about them.

Screening questions: Questions for injury and poisoning were asked separately and do not immediately follow each other.

Question for injury: DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [91 days before today’s date], [were/was] [you/anyone in the family]

injured seriously enough that [you/they] got medical advice or treatment?

Question for poisoning: DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [91 days before today’s date], [you/anyone in the family], did have a

poisoning that caused someone to seek medical advice or treatment, including calls to a poison control center?

2000–2003........ 	 Introduction to section: None
 

Screening question: Questions for injury and poisoning were asked together.
 

Question for both injury and poisoning: DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [91 days before today’s date], [were/was] [you/
 

anyone in the family] injured or poisoned seriously enough that [you/they]
 

got medical advice or treatment?
 

2004–2007........ 	 Introduction to section: People can be injured or poisoned unexpectedly, accidentally or on purpose. They may have hurt themselves or others

may have caused them to be hurt.

Screening questions: Questions for injury and poisoning were asked separately and do not immediately follow each other.

Question #1 for injury: DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [fill1: (date 91 days before today’s date)], [fill2: did you/did you or

anyone in your family] have an injury where any part of [fill3: your/the] body was hurt, for example, with a [fill4: (random set of injury

examples1

)]?

Question #2 for injury: Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] talk to or see a medical professional about [fill2: any of these injuries/this injury/your injury or

injuries/his injury or injuries/her injury or injuries]?

Question #1 for poisoning: DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [fill1: (date 91 days before today’s date)], [fill2: were you/were

you or anyone in your family] poisoned by swallowing or breathing in a harmful substance such as bleach, carbon monoxide, or too many pills or

drugs? Do not include food poisoning, sun poisoning, or poison ivy rashes.

Question #2 for poisoning: Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] talk to or see a medical professional about [fill2: any of these poisonings/this poisoning/your

poisoning or poisonings/his poisoning or poisonings/her poisoning or poisonings]?

1

One of 10 lists of injury conditions with four sets of injury conditions per list (referred to as a ‘‘random set of injury examples’’) was randomly assigned to the screening question. Including example

lists in the screening question is designed to help the respondent understand what is meant by an injury and randomly assigning the set of examples protects against any one injury type being

overrepresented in the sample. See Appendix III for details.

question asking about poisonings. The

first modification in 2000 was to shorten

the introduction and to combine the

injury and poisoning questions into a

single question. This change was made

in an effort to streamline the section and

to have the same set of follow-up

questions asked for both injury and

poisoning episodes.

The second modification, in 2004,

addressed known analytic issues and

interviewer feedback and was based on

cognitive interviews conducted by the

Questionnaire Design Research Lab

(18). In the 2004 modification, an

introduction to the section was included

and a single screening question used in

the years 2000–2003 was expanded into

separate questions: whether the person

was injured, whether the person was

poisoned, and whether medical attention

was sought.

When implementing the first

modification in 2000, one of the screen

questions was inadvertently reworded.

The question asking respondents ‘‘How

many different times in the past three

months were you injured or poisoned

seriously enough to seek medical advice

or treatment?’’ was mistakenly changed

to ‘‘How many times in the past three

months did you seek medical advice

because you were injured or poisoned?’’

As a result, some respondents gave the

number of times they sought medical

advice for an injury or poisoning during

the three months prior to the interview,

rather than the number of times they

were injured or poisoned during the

three months prior to the interview. In

the 2001 survey, the wording for this

question was changed back to the

wording that was originally intended in

2000. Except for this question, this

section remained unchanged from 2000

through 2003.

Questions on

Circumstances and

Outcomes of Injury

Episodes

The injury-specific questions in the

NHIS injury section elicit information

about the events reported in response to

the screening questions. Narrative texts

of the responses to several open-ended

questions (referred to as ‘‘verbatim

responses’’) were recorded and are

available for analysis. Appendix I

includes descriptions of specific terms

and concepts used in this report.

Appendix II includes the questions

asked and the years included so that

consistency between the years can be

assessed. Detailed descriptions of the

data editing process are included in the

Survey Description Documents for each

year of the survey and are available on

the NHIS website.

Cause of injury

From 1997 through 1999,

open-ended questions were asked about

the cause of the injuries, excluding

poisonings. In contrast, from 2000

through 2007, open-ended questions

were asked about the cause of all

injuries, including poisonings. The

verbatim responses were recorded by the

interviewer. The open-ended responses

were coded according to the

International Classification of Diseases,

Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification

(ICD–9–CM) external cause of injury

codes.

Up to four ICD–9–CM external

cause of injury codes during the years
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 5

Table C. Causes of injury with expanded questions: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

External cause of injury 1997–1999 2000–2003 2004–2007

Vehicle as transportation .... Person type (e.g., driver, passenger, Person type (e.g., driver, passenger, Person type (e.g., driver, passenger,

pedestrian), vehicle type, seatbelt/car-seat/ pedestrian), vehicle type, seatbelt/car-seat/ pedestrian), vehicle type, restrained/wearing

helmet use helmet use helmet

Fire or burn or scald ...... What caused it What caused it None

Near drowning .......... Body of water None None

Fall ................. What fell from or into, cause of fall such as What fell from or into, cause of fall such as What fell from or into, cause of fall such as

slipping, jumping, loss of balance slipping, jumping, loss of balance slipping, jumping, loss of balance

Gun................. Type None None

Animal bite ............ None Type None

Poisoning ............. What caused it What caused it What caused it

1999–2003, and up to eight codes

beginning in 2004, were assigned based

on responses to questions. An analysis

variable which categorizes the

first-listed external cause of injury into

broader categories (e.g., falls,

transportation) was created using the

external cause of injury morbidity

matrix (http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/osp/

matrix2.htm) (19).

There are no questions in the injury

section that specifically address the

question of intentionality because it was

determined during cognitive testing of

the questionnaire that the setting of the

interview (e.g., in the home with other

family members possibly present) was

not conducive to identifying assaults and

intentionally self-inflicted injuries. This

did not preclude respondents, however,

from describing injuries that resulted

from intentional acts. It is possible to

identify such incidents using the ICD

external cause code.

In addition, the survey includes

follow-up questions for certain causes of

injury to address specific data needs for

these injury types. Table C includes the

external causes of injury with follow-up

questions by year. See Appendix II and

the survey questionnaire for each year

for more detail. Respondents receive

follow-up questions if the interviewer

chooses one of the specific causes from

a response list after listening and

recording the response to the question,

‘‘How did the injury happen?’’ The

interviewer’s categorization of the cause,

as well as the information from the

follow-up causes, is recorded and

available for analysis. The interviewer’s

categorization of the cause may differ

from that of the ICD.

Nature of injury

Respondents were asked to describe

the injury conditions (Appendix I,

‘‘Injury condition’’) that resulted from

the injury episode. From 1999 through

2003, a series of open-ended questions

asked respondents to describe the ‘‘parts

of the body’’ that were hurt and the

‘‘kind of injury.’’ Up to four ICD–9–CM

injury diagnosis codes in the years

1999–2003 were assigned based on the

verbatim responses to the questions. It

was noted in review of the verbatim

responses, that in some cases, the

descriptions of the injury included

diagnostic detail. However, in other

cases, the injury descriptions were

barely sufficient for ICD–9–CM coding

at the broadest level. Beginning in 2004,

in order to eliminate some of the

variation in specificity from the

open-ended questions, respondents were

asked to identify the injured parts of the

body by pointing to a flashcard

illustrating a human body with

predefined body parts (Figure I). In

addition, there were predefined response

lists for the kind of injury (e.g.,

contusion, fracture, etc.) which included

an option for the user to specify the

kind of injury (i.e., other, specify).

These open-ended responses were

recorded and are available on the

‘‘Verbatim’’ file (Appendix I, ‘‘Injury

condition’’). Up to eight codes were

assigned based on responses to

questions about the injury conditions. In

this report, ‘‘nature of injury’’ data were

categorized according to the Barell

Injury Diagnosis Matrix (20). After a

revision to the question in the years

2004–2007, injuries classified as

‘‘other’’ according to the Barell Matrix

dropped significantly to less than 16%

and injuries classified as ‘‘contusion or

superficial’’ increased significantly to

more than 22%.

Place of occurrence and activity

at time of injury

Respondents were asked to select

up to two places of occurrence of injury

episodes from a predefined response list

after the question, ‘‘Where was [person]

when the injury/poisoning happened?’’

Respondents were asked to select up to

two activities from a predefined

response list after the question, ‘‘What

activity was [person] involved in at the

time of the injury/poisoning?’’ The

response lists for both questions are

based on an early version of the

International Classification of External

Causes of Injury and are shown in

Appendix I (21). The questions were not

asked for poisonings prior to 2000.

Source of medical care

From 1997 through 1999, there

were two direct questions on sources of

medical care: 1) whether or not the

person was hospitalized for the reported

injury episode, and 2) whether or not a

call was placed to the poison control

center. In response to user feedback

indicating that it was important to know

other places where treatment was

received, a question on the sources of

medical care was added beginning in

2000. The question allowed respondents

to indicate all applicable sources of

medical care from a predefined response

list. The possible responses were in the
Page 6 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table D. Definition of injury episodes: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

Year

Injury episodes excluding poisoning

1997–2007 .......... Include if

c Positive response to the screening question for injury (see Table B).

c AND at least one ICD–9–CM nature-of-injury code in the range 800–909.2, 909.4, 909.9, 910–994.9, 995.5–995.59, and 995.80–995.85;

c AND at least one external cause of injury code in the range E800-E848, E850-E869.9, E880-E929.9, or E950-E999

Injury episodes due to poisoning

1997–1999 .......... Include if

c Positive response to the screening question for poisoning (see Table B).

c AND ‘‘Cause of poisoning’’ field (POITPR2) was ‘‘A drug or med substance used mistakenly/od’’ (POITPR2=01), ‘‘A harmful or toxic solid

or liquid substance’’ (POITPR2=02), ‘‘Inhaling gases or vapors’’ (POITPR2=03), ‘‘Eating poisonous plant/substance’’ (POITPR2=04), ‘‘A

venomous animal or plant’’ (POITPR2=05), or ‘‘Something else-poisoning’’ (POITPR2=06)

2000–20031 ......... Include if

c Positive response to the screening question for injury and poisoning (see Table B).

c AND at least one ICD–9–CM nature-of-injury code in the range 800–909.2, 909.4, 909.9, 910–994.9, 995.5–995.59, and 995.80–995.85;

c AND at least one external cause of injury code in the range E800-E848, E850-E869.9, E880-E929.9, or E950-E999;

c AND ‘‘Cause of poisoning’’ field (POITP) was NOT ‘‘food poisoning’’ (POITP=06) or ‘‘allergic reaction’’ (POITP=07).

2004–2007 .......... Include if

c Positive response to the screening question for poisoning (see Table B).

c AND at least one ICD–9–CM nature-of-injury code in the range 800–909.2, 909.4, 909.9, 910–994.9, 995.5–995.59, and 995.80–995.85;

c AND at least one external cause of injury code in the range E800–E848, E850–E869.9, E880–E929.9, or E950–E999

1

Episodes assigned to a cause of poisoning by the interviewer during the interview. See ‘‘FIJ.080’’ in Table V in Appendix II.

following order: Phone call to doctor or

health care professional, Phone call to

poison control center, Visit to doctor’s

office, Visit to clinic or outpatient

department, Visit to emergency

department, Visit to hospital (stayed at

least one night). Responses indicating

hospitalization were lower than expected

in the years 2000–2003 when compared

to the results from the 1997–1999 NHIS

and other sources. Beginning in 2004,

separate questions were asked for each

source of medical care received after the

injury (Appendix II). In this report,

analyses related to source of medical

care were limited to data from the years

2004–2007; analyses related to

hospitalization were limited to data from

the years 1997–1999 and 2004–2007.

School or work days lost

Information on days missed from

work for persons aged 13 and over, or

school for persons aged 5 and over, due to

injury or poisoning is available for all years

since 1997. However, the method of

determining whether a person was working

or was in school at the time of the injury

was approached differently in the years

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007. In

the years 1997–1999, the possible

responses to the work loss questions were

the following: None, Less than 1 day, 1 to

5 days, 6 or more days, Not employed at

the time of the injury. In the years

2000–2003, the possible responses were in

the following order: Not employed at the

time of the injury or poisoning, None, Less

than 1 day, 1 to 5 days, 6 or more days.

Parallel questions were asked for school

loss. The number of respondents indicating

that they were not employed at the time of

injury or not in school at the time of injury

increased when the order of responses

changed in 2000. Based on cognitive

interviewing, from 2004 onwards,

respondents were asked whether the injury

occurred while working or in school,

immediately prior to asking about school or

work loss as a result of the injury. In this

report, analyses related to these variables

were limited to data from the years

2004–2007.

Verbatim responses to

open-ended questions

Verbatim responses to the questions

of how the injury occurred, of the body

part injured, and of the nature of injury

for episodes of injury excluding

poisonings are available from the years

1997–1999. Verbatim responses for all

episodes of injury, including poisoning,

are available from the years 2000–2007.

The verbatim responses were edited to

protect the injured person’s

confidentiality, however grammatical

and spelling errors were not corrected.

Definition of Injury

Episodes

Injury episodes were limited to those

requiring medical attention. The

determination of whether an episode was

medically attended was made by

respondents, who were asked to report only

those incidents requiring medical advice or

treatment (see Table B and Appendix I for

more details on the term ‘‘medically

attended’’). ‘‘Medical attention’’ covers a

wide range of care, treatment, and advice

including over the phone consultations.

Help screens that present further

clarification on the definition of medical

attention were available to the interviewers.

‘‘Medically attended’’ is the term used

throughout this report and has the same

meaning as ‘‘medically consulted’’ which is

used in some National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS) reports. Information on

injuries that were self-treated or not treated

was not requested (see ‘‘Discussion of

Analytic Issues: Self-treated Injuries’’).

The criteria used to determine if

reported episodes were included in the

analysis for this report are listed in

Table D. Because poisoning questions

were asked in a different manner in the

years 1997–1999 and 2000–2003 (e.g.,

separate screening questions), the

criteria are different for this cause of

injury than for other causes. Episodes of

injury excluding poisoning from the

years 1997–2007 were defined using

ICD–9–CM codes for those who gave a

positive response to the screening

questions for injury (Table B). Episodes

of injury due to poisoning were defined

differently in each of the three time

periods using either the cause of

poisoning question, ICD–9–CM codes,
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 7

Table E. Ratios of injury episodes to persons with at least one injury episode and ratios of injury conditions to injury episodes, by cause of

injury and year: United States, 1997–2007

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Ratios of episodes to persons

All causes of injury ................. 1.06 1.05 1.05 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.03

Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.05 1.04 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.03 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.03

Struck by or against .............. 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00

Transportation................... 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02

Overexertion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.07 1.03 1.01 1.03 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.02

Cut or pierce ................... 1.01 1.01 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.00 1.00

Poisoning ..................... 1.05 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.03 1.21 1.00 1.00 1.14 1.06

Ratios of conditions to episodes

All causes of injury ................. 1.13 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.17 1.20 1.18 1.30 1.25 1.32 1.26

Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.21 1.20 1.17 1.17 1.14 1.20 1.19 1.37 1.30 1.28 1.26

Struck by or against .............. 1.09 1.09 1.08 1.09 1.07 1.09 1.06 1.11 1.24 1.37 1.15

Transportation................... 1.64 1.53 1.58 1.51 1.58 1.59 1.52 1.92 1.64 1.90 1.86

Overexertion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.10 1.06 1.05 1.08 1.08 1.09 1.07 1.16

Cut or pierce ................... 1.04 1.01 1.04 1.01 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.05

Poisoning ..................... ... ... ... 1.10 1.11 1.03 1.09 1.16 1.00 1.79 1.00

. . . Category not applicable.

or a combination of these two fields.

Data on injuries are collected at the

episode or event level; therefore, there

may be more than one injury episode

per person. In addition, there may be

more than one injury condition reported

for each injury episode. Table E shows

the ratios of injury episodes to persons

and injury conditions to injury episodes

by year and external cause of injury.

The ratios of injury episodes to persons

for all causes combined ranged from

1.02 to 1.06 in the years 1997–2007.

The ratios of conditions to injury

episodes ranged from 1.12 to 1.32 in the

years 1997–2007 for all causes

combined. Transportation-related injuries

had the highest numbers of conditions

reported per episode.

Estimation Procedures

NHIS Sample Weights

The NHIS sample weights for use

with data from the Family Core, the

Final Annual Person Weight (WTFA),

are calculated by NCHS and provided

on the data file. The weight incorporates

the probability of selection for each

person in the sample, along with

adjustments for nonresponse and

post-stratification based on census

population estimates by sex, age, and

race/ethnicity. Details of estimation

procedures can be found in ‘‘Summary

health statistics for the U.S. population:

National Health Interview Survey’’ for

1997 to 2007 (5–15). It should be noted

that weights for the years 1999–2002

were derived from the 1990 censusbased population estimates, and those

for the years 2003–2007 were derived

from the 2000 census-based population

estimates (22).

Annual Estimates of the

Number of Injury Episodes

To calculate an annualized national

estimate of injury episodes, each episode

is first weighted using WTFA, and then

the weighted number of episodes

reported during a time period is

multiplied by the number of time

periods in 1 year. For instance, to

estimate the number of injury episodes

occurring annually using episodes with

3 months or less elapsing between the

injury and the interview, each episode

reported during the 3-month period is

weighted to reflect the national estimate

and then multiplied by 4 (i.e., by

52/13=4). If the data are limited to

injury episodes within 5 weeks of the

date the injury questions were asked,

each 5-week weighted count should be

multiplied by 10.4 (i.e., by 52/5=10.4).

In this report, estimates for the

years 1997–2003 were annualized using

all injuries reported in the survey and

multiplying each estimate by 4. The

estimates for the years 2004–2007 were

annualized by selecting episodes that

occurred 5 weeks or less before the

interview and then multiplying each

5-week estimate by 10.4. Beginning in

2004, the annual estimates are based on

episodes with 5 weeks or less between

the date of injury and the interview

because a study using 1997–1999 data

showed that as the time interval between

the injury and the interview increased,

the number of episodes reported

decreased (23). The data suggest that

respondents may experience some

memory decay as they are asked to

recall events happening further in the

past, and the decay varies by severity of

the episode. Based on the statistical

analysis, a period of 3 to 6 weeks

between injury and interview was

recommended for calculating annual

estimates of injury. For this report and

other NCHS reports, episodes with up to

5 weeks between injury and interview

were chosen, as 5 weeks would make

the estimate analogous to an estimate

with a 1-month recall reference period.

In order to limit the episodes to

those occurring in the past 5 weeks or

less, the time elapsed between the injury

episode and the interview must be

established. Beginning in 2004, if

respondents could not recall the exact

date of the injury episode, further

questions were asked to establish an

approximate date of injury. The time

interval between injury and interview
Page 8 [ Series 10, No. 241

was calculated if the exact date was

known, or imputed based on the

available information if the exact date

was not reported. Imputation flags are

included in the file. The imputation

method is described in a paper by Coles

et al., 2006 (24). These methods could

not be applied to years prior to 2004

because there was too little information

on the date of injury to impute with the

same level of certainty (Appendix II).

To calculate the annual estimates

for the years 2004–2007 that are shown

in this report, the elapsed time interval

variable is used to select episodes

occurring within 5 weeks of the

interview. The data analyst can use

another recall period to annualize the

2004–2007 data because the full 3

months of data are retained and the

elapsed times provided (23). For

analysis of injury episodes resulting in

more serious outcomes (e.g., estimates

for fractures and hospitalizations) that

are unlikely to be forgotten, the recall

period can be expanded beyond 5 weeks

(23). In this case, the longer time period

between the injury episode and the date

of the interview will increase the

unweighted number of episodes reported

and therefore increase the size of the

sample, providing greater stability in the

estimates. However, a single recall

period should be used throughout a

specific analysis.

It is not possible to estimate the

number of people injured annually using

NHIS. Although the number of people

who were injured during the 3-month

recall period is known, this number

cannot be assumed to be uniform over a

12-month period. For example, if it is

known that 100 people responded that

they were injured during the 3-month

recall period, one cannot assume that

400 different people were injured in a

12-month period because some people

may be injured multiple times and some

may be injured once. On the other hand,

it is appropriate to estimate the number

of injuries over the 12-month period (by

multiplying the 3-month estimate by 4

for the years 1997–2003 and by

multiplying the 5-week estimate by 10.4

for the years 2004–2007) because that

figure is the same whether or not

individuals had multiple injuries.

Multi-year Estimates of

Injury Episodes

Estimates shown in the tables are

annual estimates if a single year of data

is shown or average annual estimates if

data are pooled over multiple years.

Adjacent years of NHIS data are

combined for a pooled analysis (i.e.,

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–

2007). An estimate from a pooled

analysis can be interpreted as an

estimate for the midpoint or the

‘‘average’’ over the time interval of the

pooled data. The sample weights in the

pooled dataset are divided by the

number of years that are pooled; for

example, divide by 4 when four years of

data are combined. More details on

pooled analysis can be found in the

2006 NHIS Survey Description (16).

Variance Estimation

Variance is a measure of the

reliability of point estimates. Estimates

in the tables that do not meet NCHS

standards of reliability or precision are

flagged. NHIS data are obtained through

a complex sample design involving

stratification, clustering, and multistage

sampling. Standard errors were

calculated using the SUDAAN software

package. The Taylor series linearization

method was chosen for variance

estimation in SUDAAN (25).

Multi-year Variance

Estimates

In the years 1997–1999 and

2000–2003, the pooled data years fall

within the same sample design period.

Pooled data were therefore treated as a

single unit with a very large sample size

for variance estimation.

In the years 2004–2007, the pooled

data years are from different sample

design periods (i.e., design periods

1995–2005 and 2006–2007) and the

different sample design periods were

treated as statistically independent. This

report uses the method described in the

2006 NHIS Survey Description to

combine years of data (16). Using this

method, the 2004–2005 data were

treated as one unit of data and the

2006–2007 data were treated as a

second unit of data. In order to pool the

two statistically independent units of

data, the design variables were modified

to distinguish one unit of time (i.e.,

2004–2005) from the other (i.e.,

2006–2007). This was accomplished by

adding 1,000 to the 2006–2007 stratum

variables that were provided on the

NHIS public-use data files.

Rates of Injury

Episodes

Rates of injury episodes were

calculated as the annual number of

episodes per 1,000 population. Crude

rates were calculated using the number

of injury episodes as the numerator and

the population was calculated directly

from the survey as the denominator. Age

adjustment was used to adjust for

differences in the age distribution of the

population groups being compared. Age

adjustment is often done when trends

are being analyzed or when population

groups being compared are known to

have different age distributions. Unless

otherwise specified, estimates are age

adjusted by the direct method to the

2000 U.S. standard population using six

age groups: under 15 years, 15–24

years, 25–44 years, 45–64 years, 65–74

years, and 75 years and over.

Data Tables

Descriptive tables for injury

episodes and injury conditions include

estimates for each year from 1997

through 2007. Detailed descriptive tables

provide average annual statistics for

three time periods: 1997–1999,

2000–2003, and 2004–2007. Time

periods correspond to the different

revisions of the survey instruments as

described above. Descriptive analyses

were performed using SUDAAN (25).

In the tables, frequencies are

underestimated due to item nonresponse

and unknowns. All episodes with

unknown values for the variables of

interest (i.e., ‘‘refused,’’ ‘‘don’t know,’’

or ‘‘not ascertained’’) were removed
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 9

from the denominators when calculating

percentages (or rates). For more

information on methods and

interpretation of the statistics, see the

term ‘‘Missing values’’ in Appendix I.

Estimates were compared using

two-tailed statistical tests at the 0.05

level. No adjustments were made for

multiple comparisons. Terms such as

‘‘greater than’’ and ‘‘less than’’ indicate

a statistically significant difference.

Terms such as ‘‘similar’’ or ‘‘no

difference’’ indicate that the statistics

being compared were not significantly

different. Lack of comment regarding

the differences between statistics does

not mean that the difference was tested

and found to be not significant.

Discussion of Analytic

Issues

Analysis Involving

Multiple Years of Data

As described earlier in this report,

the NHIS injury section was revised in

2000 and in 2004. Therefore, the

11-year period from 1997 through 2007

can be divided into three time periods

(i.e., 1997–1999, 2000–2003, and

2004–2007) with nearly identical

questions. Information provided in this

report should aid researchers in analyses

of multiple years of data. Appendix II

organizes the questions for each year

into broad categories (e.g., cause,

activity, treatment) and was designed to

facilitate question comparison from year

to year. The tables can be used to

examine the effect of survey changes on

estimates of injuries by selected

variables. In addition, researchers can

use the analysis in this report as a

template for analyzing data for specific

topics.

Trend analysis from 2004 forward

is possible since there have been no

revisions to the injury section of the

survey questionnaire since 2004.

However, the sample designs during the

time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2007

were different, so the techniques

described in the sections, ‘‘Multi-year

Estimates of Injury Episodes’’ and

‘‘Multi-year Variance Estimates’’ should

be consulted for analytic techniques and

references.

Trend analysis from 1997 through

2007 is problematic because of the

revisions to the questionnaire. The rates

of injury as estimated from NHIS are

lower in the years 2000–2003 compared

to 1997–1999 and 2004–2007. The

decrease during the years 2000–2003 is

likely due to the shortened introduction

to the injury section and combining the

injury and poisoning screening questions

as previously described. For this reason,

without careful consideration of the

questions and methods of analysis, a

description of injury episodes across the

three time periods is not recommended.

Some questions were asked in the

same way during the 11-year period. For

instance, cause of injury (excluding

poisoning), place, and activity were

asked in a consistent manner. Major

findings such as the leading cause of

injury (falls) and the leading place of

injury (the home) are consistent in

NHIS data across all years, despite the

changes in the questionnaire.

Trends in estimates of injury rates

over the 11-year period will be

influenced by changes in the survey

questionnaire. However, it may be

possible to conduct analytic studies

examining the associations between risk

factors and injury during a longer

period, provided the appropriate

exploratory analysis of potential

confounders is undertaken. For example,

an option is to analyze the data in two

time periods where the introduction and

screening questions were similar, that is,

1997–1999 and 2004–2007. Another

option, if the sample size is large

enough, is to do a regression analysis

stratifying by the three time periods

while considering the time period as a

confounder. However, the starting point

is to compare the questions and the data

elements for the specific topic of

interest, and this report provides that

information. In addition, researchers can

review the tables in this report to

identify potential confounders related to

the topic of interest.

Although the breaks in trend are

troublesome, there was an overall

improvement to many of the NHIS

injury questions during the years

1997–2004. These improvements were

based on cognitive interviewing, data

analysis, and feedback from the

interviewers and data users. For

instance, injury is generally analyzed

with poisoning, so it was important to

have parallel questions for both.

Information about the source of medical

care sought after the injury was

expanded to include settings beyond the

hospital, as many data users requested

information on sources of care. Another

improvement was the addition of

response categories for the body region

and nature of injury questions, because

the open-ended questions in the previous

years resulted in many missing and

nonspecific responses.

The changes to the questionnaire

implemented in 2004 were based on

extensive cognitive interviewing in the

Questionnaire Design Research Lab

(QDRL). The results of the cognitive

interviewing can be found in Q-Bank,

which is a database consisting of

questions that have been evaluated for

surveys conducted by the United States

federal government (26). Detailed

information is available at http://

wwwn.cdc.gov/QBANK/Home.aspx. To

find the tested questions included in

Q-Bank, search the database for using

the keyword ‘‘injury.’’ Links to the full

QDRL report are available on the

Q-Bank website (27).

Self-treated Injuries

NHIS obtains information on

medically attended injury episodes.

Although ‘‘medically attended’’ covers a

wide range of care and treatment,

including over the phone consultations,

some injuries are self-treated or not

treated for such reasons as lack of

access to care or due to individual

choice. Access to care may be an issue

due to such factors as distance from a

medical facility, lack of health

insurance, or inability to pay for care.

The national estimates of injury

presented in this report will vary by

factors which influence presentation for

medical attention. For instance, persons

with health insurance might have more

medically attended injury episodes than

persons without health insurance.

Estimates of minor injuries will be
Page 10 [ Series 10, No. 241

influenced more than severe injuries.

Researchers should use caution when

making comparisons among variables

that are known to influence access to

care.

NHIS Injury Estimates in

Comparison to Other

National Sources

National estimates of injury from

NHIS are lower than other national

estimates of injury (3). For example, in

2004, there were 31 million initial

emergency department (ED) injury visits

and 35 million initial physician office

and outpatient department injury visits

reported from the National Ambulatory

Medical Care Survey and the National

Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care

Survey (NHAMCS), but there were 33

million episodes of medically attended

injuries reported in NHIS. There is no

doubt that some underreporting of

injuries exists in NHIS. For instance,

respondents may not report the injury

because they forgot about their own

injury, they did not want to report the

injury, or the proxy respondents were

not aware of the episode. However,

there are several other possible

explanations for the lower estimates.

NHIS is based on household reports

of injury while other surveys are based

on medical record reviews. Medical

record surveys are often limited in their

ability to differentiate between new and

repeat visits and between injury and

noninjury cases.

NHIS injury rates may be lower

compared to other national sources

because substantial segments of the

population are excluded from the NHIS

sample. These include nursing home

residents, military personnel, and the

homeless population. Older Americans

and young adult males experience

higher injury rates than the population

overall (3). NHIS also excludes injuries

resulting in death.

Estimated rates of injury between

national surveys may differ because of

difficulties in defining the target

populations for calculating rates. NHIS

has a well defined target population and

the population used in rate calculations

for NHIS estimates is the population

from which the sample is drawn. For

other sources of national estimates of

injury, the numerator is from a survey of

medical records and the denominator is

estimated using population statistics

provided by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Health care provider surveys, for

instance, provide national estimates for

visits to a defined set of medical

facilities. However, the population

covered by the medical care facility is

less defined. When using data obtained

from NHAMCS-ED to calculate ED

injury visit rates, it is difficult to

determine whether the

noninstitutionalized civilian population

should be used for the denominator

because some institutionalized persons

(e.g., people live in nursing homes) may

utilize the ED.

Conclusions

Concerning Injury

Analyses

NHIS provides population-based

information on nonfatal, medically

attended injuries occurring in the United

States. A major strength of the survey is

that it allows for the analysis of health

measures by many demographic and

socioeconomic characteristics of the

injured. In addition, detailed questions

allow for description of the injuries,

their circumstances, and outcomes.

Trend analysis during the 11-year period

from 1997 through 2007 is problematic.

Trend analysis between 2004 and 2007

is possible. Some analyses across the

11-year period are possible but changes

in the injury questions need to be

considered. This report serves as starting

point for such analyses.

Descriptive Injury

Statistics

Injury Episodes by

Selected Characteristics

and Year (Tables 1 and 1a)

1997–2007

+	 In every year during the

period1997–2007, the age-adjusted

rate of injury episodes among the

U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized

population was higher for males

than for females and for those who

were non-Hispanic white than for

non-Hispanic black and Hispanic.

+	 In 2007, there were an estimated

34.3 million injury episodes.

+	 Age-adjusted injury episode rates

were higher for persons who had

some college education (but no

degree) than for persons with other

education levels except in 2006,

when there was no difference by

education level.

Characteristics of Injury

Episodes and Injury

Conditions by Year

(Tables 2 and 2a)

1997–2007

+	 Falls was the leading external cause

of injury for every year from 1997

through 2007. Falls accounted for

38% of episodes in 2007.

+	 In or around the home was the

leading place where injuries

occurred from 1997 through 2007.

In 2007, 44% of injuries occurred in

or around the home.

+	 Leisure activities (excluding sports)

was the leading activity at the time

of medically attended injuries from

1997–2007. In 2007, 23% of injuries

occurred during leisure activities

(excluding sports).

+	 In the years 2004–2007, sprain or

strain was the most commonly
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 11

reported nature of injury, followed

by contusion or superficial injuries.

+	 Upper extremity and lower

extremity injuries were most often

reported as the injured body regions,

each accounting for about 30% of

the body regions reported for the

years 1997–2007.

Causes of Injury Episodes

by Selected Characteristics

(Tables 3 and 4)

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and

2004–2007

+	 In the years 2004–2007, the four

leading causes of injury were falls,

overexertion, being struck by or

against a person or an object, and

transportation (Table 3).

+	 Transportation-related injuries were

higher among persons aged 15–24

years than for other age groups in

all three time periods (Table 3).

+	 The injury episode rates resulting

from being struck by or against an

object or a person, transportation,

overexertion, and being cut or

pierced were higher for males than

for females in the years 1997–1999

and 2000–2003. In the years

2004–2007, the sex differences were

not significant for transportation and

overexertion (Table 3).

+	 Rates of injury resulting from falls

were higher for females than for

males in all three time periods

(Table 3). Differences were most

pronounced for females aged 75 and

over; rates of injury resulting from

falls were 55% higher for females

than for males aged 75 and over in

the years 2004–2007 (Table 4).

Nature and Body Region of

Injury Conditions

(Tables 5–7)

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and

2004–2007

+	 Sprain or strain to lower extremities

was the most often reported nature

and body region combination in the

years 2000–2003 and 2004–2007;

this combination accounted for 13%

of the reported injury conditions in

the years 2004–2007 (Table 5).

2004–2007

+	 The most common body regions

injured varied by sex and cause.

Males were more likely to injure

their upper extremities, while

females were more likely to injure

their lower extremities than other

body regions. Of those who fell,

both males and females were more

likely to injure their lower

extremities than other body regions.

The torso or spine and back was the

most common body region injured

in transportation episodes, while

upper extremities was most common

for episodes related to being cut or

pierced (Table 6).

+	 Children under age 15 had a higher

proportion of injuries to the head

and neck compared to the other age

groups (Table 6).

+	 Sprain or strain and contusion or

superficial injuries were the leading

injury conditions reported for injury

episodes resulting from falls and

transportation; each accounted for

about one-third of the conditions

reported (Table 7).

+	 Thirty-four percent of the conditions

reported for injury episodes resulting

from being struck by or against an

object or a person were in the

category contusion or superficial

injuries (Table 7).

+	 About 80% of the conditions

reported for injury episodes resulting

from overexertion were in the

category sprain or strain (Table 7).

Places of Occurrence of

Injury Episodes (Table 8)

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and

2004–2007

For females, inside the home was

the leading place of occurrence for

injury episodes resulting from all causes

except transportation, in all three time

periods. In the years 2004–2007,

females were inside the home for more

than 40% of episodes in which they fell,

episodes in which they were struck by

or against an object or a person, and

episodes in which they were cut or

pierced.

For males, there was more variation

in place of injury for different causes of

injury, in all three time periods.

Activities at Time of Injury

Episodes (Table 9)

1997–1999, 2000–2003, and

2004–2007

+	 Activity at time of injury varied by

cause of injury for both males and

females, in all three time periods.

+	 Leisure activities (excluding sports)

was the most common activity at the

time of a fall, accounting for about

30% of falls in all three time

periods.

+	 Working at a paid job was the most

common activity for males at the

time of an injury due to overexertion in all three time periods.

Hospitalization as a Result

of Injury Episodes

(Table 10)

1997–1999 and 2004–2007

+	 The percentage of respondents who

reported that they or family

members were hospitalized for

injury episodes was 7% in the time

periods 1997–1999 and 2004–2007.

+	 The percentage of persons

hospitalized as a result of their

injury increased with age. The

percentage of hospitalized episodes

among those aged 65 years and over

was almost three times the

percentage among those aged 25–64

in both time periods.

Days Lost From School

and Work Due to Injury

Episodes (Table 11)

2004–2007

+	 Among those attending school at the
Page 12 [ Series 10, No. 241

time of injury, 34% of injury

episodes resulted in time lost from

school and 22% of injury episodes

resulted in 1–5 days away from

school.

+	 Among those working at the time of

injury, about one-half of injury

episodes resulted in time lost from

work. Ten percent of injury episodes

among males resulted in loss of less

than 1 day from work compared

with 6% among females. There was

no difference between males and

females in the percentage of injury

episodes resulting in more than 1

day away from work.

Sources of Medical Care

for Injury Episodes

(Table 12)

2004–2007

+	 Seventy-one percent of injury

episodes resulted in at least a visit

to a doctor’s office or clinic.

Fifty-six percent of injury episodes

resulted in at least a visit to an

emergency room or use of an

emergency vehicle; 18% of injury

episodes resulted in only a visit to

an emergency room or use of

emergency vehicle without using

any other sources of medical care.

+	 Injury episodes were categorized

into a mutually exclusive hierarchy

of care based on the highest level of

medical care received, ranging from

overnight hospitalization to a phone

call to a medical professional. Seven

percent of injury episodes resulted

in an overnight stay in a hospital;

49% resulted in attendance by an

emergency vehicle or in an

emergency room as the highest level

of care received; 39% resulted in at

most a visit to a doctor’s office or

clinic; and 3% made calls to a

medical professional or poison

control center.

+	 Thirty-four percent of the injury

episodes resulted in at least a phone

call to a medical professional but for

2% of the injury episodes, the only

source of care was a call to a

medical professional or poison

control center.

References
 

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NCHS/Dataset_Documentation/NHIS/

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10(6):327–9. 2004.

18.	 Warner M, Heinen M, Barnes PM,

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National Health Interview Survey,

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Hyattsville, MD: National Center for

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2001.
tes of injury episodes and selected characteristics, by year: United States, 1997–2007

1997 1998 1999 20001 2001 2002 2003 20041 2005 2006 2007

Rate per 1,000 population (standard error)

.....

128.6 ( 2.6) 126.4 ( 2.9) 114.2 ( 2.7) 93.7 ( 2.5) 88.0 ( 2.4) 82.7 ( 2.1) 82.4 ( 2.4) 115.0 ( 3.9) 114.0 ( 4.3) 113.2 ( 4.8) 115.7 ( 4.9)

..... 128.4 ( 2.6) 126.4 ( 2.9) 114.1 ( 2.7) 93.5 ( 2.5) 88.0 ( 2.3) 82.8 ( 2.1) 82.7 ( 2.4) 115.1 ( 4.0) 114.0 ( 4.3) 113.6 ( 4.8) 116.6 ( 5.0)

. . . . . 139.8 ( 4.0) 143.4 ( 4.0) 128.5 ( 4.0) 103.6 ( 3.6) 95.0 ( 3.2) 90.3 ( 3.3) 90.4 ( 3.5) 121.9 ( 5.7) 124.5 ( 6.3) 119.1 ( 7.5) 127.1 ( 7.7)

. . . . . 115.3 ( 3.4) 108.1 ( 3.6) 99.0 ( 3.3) 82.9 ( 3.0) 80.3 ( 3.1) 74.4 ( 2.7) 74.6 ( 3.2) 107.1 ( 5.6) 102.4 ( 5.4) 106.2 ( 6.2) 105.3 ( 6.4)

..... 122.8 ( 5.3) 121.1 ( 5.4) 111.3 ( 5.2) 94.9 ( 5.2) 85.1 ( 4.6) 84.8 ( 4.4) 81.7 ( 4.8) 117.0 ( 9.0) 113.4 ( 9.0) 105.9 (10.8) 112.3 (11.4)

..... 164.2 ( 8.2) 167.4 ( 9.1) 153.8 ( 7.9) 125.5 ( 7.2) 112.8 ( 6.8) 120.0 ( 7.4) 96.2 ( 6.6) 148.4 (13.5) 137.8 (13.9) 131.6 (13.6) 151.3 (15.3)

..... 135.2 ( 4.6) 128.4 ( 4.7) 113.8 ( 4.9) 95.6 ( 4.2) 86.3 ( 3.9) 79.7 ( 3.9) 87.7 ( 4.3) 112.4 ( 7.5) 94.7 ( 6.9) 102.3 ( 9.0) 118.1 ( 9.4)

..... 99.4 ( 5.1) 109.5 ( 5.1) 94.9 ( 5.1) 81.3 ( 5.4) 81.4 ( 4.5) 65.7 ( 3.8) 68.7 ( 4.0) 103.9 ( 7.9) 109.3 ( 7.5) 102.9 ( 8.9) 90.1 ( 8.3)

.....

 110.8 ( 8.6) 96.8 ( 8.6) 96.1 ( 8.8) 61.9 ( 6.3) 71.7 ( 8.2) 50.4 ( 6.6) 55.9 ( 7.3) 70.4 (11.7) 124.5 (17.6) 91.2 (16.0) 114.6 (19.5) 

..... 158.5 (12.4) 135.4 (12.0) 124.6 (11.4) 83.8 ( 8.6) 91.2 ( 9.8) 103.8 (10.6) 112.4 (10.9) 135.4 (18.2) 162.4 (20.3) 219.2 (29.9) 144.7 (21.8)

 

 

. . . . . 89.5 ( 5.5) 81.3 ( 5.2) 72.7 ( 5.3) 44.5 ( 3.9) 54.8 ( 4.6) 55.8 ( 4.7) 49.9 ( 4.1) 61.4 ( 6.3) 80.0 ( 9.2) 67.6 ( 9.3) 59.3 ( 7.3)

 

. . . . . 75.8 ( 7.1) 77.1 ( 7.0) 74.9 ( 6.5) 42.1 ( 5.2) 56.1 ( 5.4) 56.6 ( 6.3) 49.6 ( 5.2) 59.6 ( 7.6) 78.6 (13.0) 72.4 (12.4) 59.0 ( 8.7) 

..... 133.8 ( 2.8) 132.8 ( 3.2) 120.4 ( 3.0) 100.7 ( 2.8) 93.0 ( 2.6) 87.6 ( 2.4) 88.2 ( 2.8) 125.0 ( 4.5) 122.5 ( 4.9) 121.5 ( 5.4) 127.2 ( 5.8) 

. . . . . 142.4 ( 3.3) 141.6 ( 3.8) 129.9 ( 3.4) 111.0 ( 3.4) 103.2 ( 3.1) 96.2 ( 2.8) 97.7 ( 3.3) 133.1 ( 5.3) 132.3 ( 5.6) 133.6 ( 6.5) 141.2 ( 7.3)

 

..... 108.6 ( 6.5) 98.4 (

 6.3) 78.3 ( 5.7) 56.3 ( 4.7) 49.7 ( 4.1) 54.9 ( 5.2) 56.0 ( 4.8) 93.3 (11.0) 91.7 (12.2) 75.6 ( 8.8) 84.3 (10.9)

 

race . . 202.2 (47.6) 184.9 (35.6) 193.5 (45.9) 99.5 (26.5) 125.5 (33.7) *76.7 (27.0) *63.6 (26.0) *231.9 (101.8) *122.0 (51.4) † *154.6 (46.4)

 

. . . . . 55.7 ( 9.9) 75.6 (12.7)

 

50.5 (10.3) 34.5 ( 7.2) 38.4 ( 8.3) 36.6 ( 7.0) 22.1 ( 5.5) 57.4 (13.7) 45.4 (11.5) 38.3 (10.9) 41.8 (11.1)

 

..... 120.6 ( 7.1) 104.8 ( 6.8) 94.6 (

 7.4) 76.4 ( 6.1) 81.5 ( 6.8) 64.7 ( 6.5) 72.0 ( 6.1) 99.6 (11.0) 100.3 (11.8) 120.6 (17.6) 86.3 (13.2)

 

..... 124.5 ( 5.8) 118.1 ( 5.9) 107.5 ( 5.7) 85.5 ( 5.0) 81.0 ( 4.9) 70.9 ( 4.5) 74.0 ( 4.9) 109.9 ( 9.4) 109.7 ( 9.5) 106.7 (10.6) 110.1 (10.7)

 

. . . . . 142.2 ( 7.0) 148.5 ( 8.0) 129.8 ( 6.7)

 

103.0 ( 5.8) 99.7 ( 5.8) 91.0 ( 5.7) 98.5 ( 6.3) 129.5 ( 9.9) 135.0 (10.3) 135.6 (14.1) 149.3 (13.8)

..... 106.1 ( 6.6) 111.7 ( 6.6) 97.0 ( 6.2) 84.2 ( 6.9) 79.3 ( 5.2) 72.4 ( 5.3) 85.6 ( 5.7) 97.9 (10.0) 92.1 ( 8.4) 108.6 (12.3) 96.9 (10.5)

 

 

..... 132.6 ( 8.1) 119.1 ( 8.0) 114 ( 7.4) 81.9 ( 7.1) 85.4 ( 6.8) 83.8 ( 6.4) 82.6 ( 7.0) 120.2 (13.0) 108.7 (13.4) 127.5 (14.8) 124.8 (15.0)

 

..... 132.6 ( 5.8) 107.4 ( 5.9) 106 ( 6.1) 90.5 ( 5.4)

 

82.4 ( 5.5) 83.3 ( 5.6) 78.6 ( 6.3) 109.9 ( 9.0) 116.6 (10.1) 117.4 (13.4) 114.9 (11.9)

..... 125.8 ( 4.6) 133.3 ( 5.3) 117.4 ( 5.1) 94.1 ( 4.4) 95.4 ( 4.3) 84.7 ( 4.5) 81.6 ( 4.7) 110.1 ( 7.3) 114.5 ( 7.3) 105.5 ( 9.2) 123.4 ( 9.8)

..... 131.9 ( 5.2) 134.5 ( 5.2) 118.5 ( 5.0) 100.7 ( 4.4) 88.2 ( 4.0) 83.4 ( 4.1) 87.7 ( 4.3) 122.6 ( 8.2) 117.9 ( 7.7) 118.7 ( 9.0) 112.1 ( 8.7)

 

 

ears

 

. . . . . 133.0 ( 3.5) 136.1 ( 3.6) 119.8 ( 3.4) 102.0 ( 3.4) 94.5 ( 3.1)

 

88.7 ( 2.9) 88.0 ( 3.3) 125.2 ( 5.5) 114.8 ( 5.4) 110.7 ( 6.5) 119.9 ( 7.3)

. . . . . 152.2 (12.6) 160.7 (14.6) 133.1 (11.7) 103.3 (10.8) 105.3 (11.1) 100.3 ( 9.4) 95.7 ( 9.5) 137.8 (17.5) 130.1 (15.8) 155.9 (22.5) 129.6 (18.5)

. . . . . 144.2 (17.4) 137.2 (18.7) 124.3 (20.2) 132.1 (22.5) 77.5 (14.0) 90.3 (16.8) 67.0 (13.5) 137.3 (31.3) 166.5 (38.2) 141.1 (39.2) 121.3 (28.8)

 

..... 102.5 ( 8.0) 90.1 ( 9.8) 95.9 ( 6.7) 74.9 ( 5.2) 66.7 ( 4.9) 65.2 (

 

4.9) 71.6 ( 5.6) 87.7 ( 9.6) 74.4 ( 8.5) 89.3 (10.9) 90.2 (13.2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 14 [ Series 10, No. 241
tes of injury episodes and selected characteristics, by year: United States, 1997–2007—Con.

1997 1998 1999 20001 2001 2002 2003 20041 2005 2006 2007

..... 121.1 (..... 134.1 (

..... 135.8 (

..... 128.3

..... 131.5

..... 127.9

..... 125.7

 3.8) 4.7) 5.4) (5.9) (4.9) (4.3) (6.2) 124.8 ( 120.7 ( 139.3 ( 131.5 131.4 118.7 129.1

 4.0) 4.5) 7.8) (7.6) (5.5)

(4.7)(5.9)

 105.0 ( 118.5 ( 128.3 ( 112.4 121.6

103.7124.5

3.6)4.8)6.8)

(6.0)(5.8)(4.4)(5.6)

86.0 (

100.3 (102.0 (

96.1

105.4

86.988.7

3.6)

4.3)6.0)

(5.7)

(5.2)

(4.2)(5.0)

Rate per 1,000 population

78.5 ( 3.1) 67.7 ( 2.9)89.9 ( 4.1) 92.7 ( 3.8)

108.0 ( 6.0) 103.8 ( 5.4)

85.8 (5.1) 74.9 (4.6)96.0 (5.1) 97.0 (4.7)86.6 (4.0) 79.0 (3.6)83.7 (4.7) 80.3 (4.3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(standard error)

72.5 ( 3.0)91.0 ( 4.8)93.6 ( 6.3)

78.8 (5.5)92.7 (5.3)78.2 (4.0)83.2 (5.1)

 

 

 99.3 127.3

134.5122.0139.2

98.1

112.3

( 5.6)

( 6.9)(10.1)(10.4)( 7.9)

( 6.4)

( 8.4)

111.4 (111.7 (

126.6 (

98.1

134.4106.8

116.2

 6.6) 6.9) 9.8) (8.6) (9.0) (7.7) (8.6) 96.4 135.7 130.3 98.7 140.6 108.3 107.3 ( 6.1) ( 9.6) (13.0) ( 9.3) (11.9) ( 7.9) ( 9.6) 

 

96.9

138.1141.8105.1146.0106.8

111.4

( 6.3)

( 9.9)(13.5)(10.9)(12.0)( 7.4)(10.8)

er than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

han 50% and are not shown.

n 2004. Therefore, the 11-year period from 1997 through 2007 can be divided into three time periods: 1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007. Estimates across these three time periods are not

ombination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race. In the years 1997–1998, the Asian category included

hool equivalency diploma.
 

e and family size and composition using U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds. Family income was imputed for 24–34% of persons in 1997–2006 and 33% of persons in 2007. See Appendix I, ‘‘Family

ed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. See Appendix I, ‘‘Health insurance

2006 data, MSA status is determined using 2000 census data and the 2000 standards for defining MSAs. For data prior to 2006, see Appendix I, ‘‘Place of residence.’’

s can be found in Appendix I.


 


 


 
 
 

Series 10, No. 241[ Page 15
injury episodes, by year and selected characteristics: United States, 1997–2007

1997 1998 1999 20001 2001 2002 2003 20041 2005 2006 2007

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

.....

....................

.....

 

..... 

. . . . . 

..... 

. . . . . 

..... 

race . . 

. . . . . 

..... 

..... 

. . . . . 

..... 

..... 

..... ..... 

.....

ears

. . . . .

. . . . .

. . . . .

.....

34,29118,50215,789

7,3166,036

11,272

5,4572,0062,2042,6441,134

31,647

 

27,221

3,513

339

507

3,9476,4186,1954,1784,9927,195

11,185

10,85221,548

2,739

870

4,409

34,01319,13614,878

7,2476,244

10,651

6,2051,7411,9262,5011,146

31,51327,138

3,264

326

659

 3,075 6,099 6,389 4,612 4,465 5,494 11,867 12,153

22,787

2,776

915

3,708

31,02417,22013,804

6,6975,8339,3935,5641,7161,8212,2501,379

28,77524,857

2,552

273

430

2,8735,6055,7914,048

 

3,9675,369

10,462

11,208

20,467

2,427

643

3,837

25,66414,027

11,637

5,7254,8297,8394,9241,1051,2421,497

873

24,16721,099

1,882

179

366

2,1644,5044,5523,6322,8704,7878,183

 

9,801

17,276

2,004

709

3,214

Weighted number of episodes in thousands

24,330 23,063 23,57512,940 12,418 12,603

11,390 10,645 10,972

5,153 5,153 4,9584,403 4,746 3,8517,032 6,434 7,2565,089 4,245 4,6871,274 894 1,0161,378 1,590 1,8071,836 1,855 2,0301,175 1,166 1,306

22,494 21,208 21,54519,807 18,340 18,904

1,658 1,831 1,885

201 *111 *104

349 388 231

2,351 1,814 2,1714,188 3,660 3,8914,476 4,224 4,6663,495 3,267 3,8273,029 3,129 3,2094,136 4,413 4,3378,334 7,463 7,2328,830 8,058 8,797

16,134 14,758 14,867

2,079 2,571 2,383

 

527 472 405

2,826 2,690 2,989

 

 33,149 17,249 15,900 7,102 6,027 9,234 7,290 1,286

2,2102,4481,597

30,70125,705

3,311

*345

657

2,8975,9106,1844,6914,6686,2529,725

12,50421,307

3,667

872

3,678

 33,202 17,750 15,451 6,887 5,651 7,771 7,899 2,295 2,699 2,750 1,745 30,452 25,860 3,283

*198

549

3,1466,0826,3904,8634,2796,549

10,30212,07119,672

3,9611,1403,240

 33,256 17,107 16,149 6,422 5,427 8,390 7,642 1,727 3,648 2,892 2,065 30,364 26,163 2,757

†

530

3,7645,7356,2945,1985,1537,0389,459

11,606

18,412

4,3211,0483,945

 34,347 18,422 15,925 6,827 6,304 9,699 6,861 2,205

2,4512,7851,857

31,562’’

26,911

3,019

*281

550

2,6176,0247,0235,3884,5936,885

11,30411,565

20,157

4,285

914

4,270

 

Page 16[ Series 10, No. 241
injury episodes, by year and selected characteristics: United States, 1997–2007—Con.

1997 1998 1999 20001 2001 2002 2003 20041 2005 2006 2007

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. . . . 15,196

....

. . . . 11,723

. . . . 7,372. . . . 6,727

. . . . 8,698

. . . . 12,201

. . . . 6,665

 15,857 10,320 7,837 6,799

8,795

11,353

7,065

 13,578 10,240 7,207 5,899

8,1909,9556,980

 11,370 8,730 5,564 4,978

7,1628,415

5,110 

Weighted

10,258

8,1345,9374,5596,2898,5984,883 

number of episodes

8,9508,3755,7383,9336,5237,9674,639 

in thousands

9,8788,4025,2954,1506,3068,2534,866 

13,66812,165

7,3166,4089,659

10,061

7,021

 

15,44410,747

7,011

5,4319,498

11,008

7,265

14,68612,220

6,3495,3349,391

11,598

6,933

14,95412,834

6,5605,4969,934

11,360

7,558

er than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

han 50% and are not shown.

n 2004. Therefore, the 11-year period from 1997 through 2007 can be divided into three time periods: 1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007. Estimates across these three time periods are not

ombination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race. In the years 1997–1998, the Asian category included


 

hool equivalency diploma.

e and family size and composition using U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds. Family income was imputed for 24–34% of persons in 1997–2006 and 33% of persons in 2007. See Appendix I, ‘‘Family

ed on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate category in the hierarchy. See Appendix I, ‘‘Health insurance

2006 data, MSA status is determined using 2000 census data and the 2000 standards for defining MSAs. For data prior to 2006, see Appendix I, ‘‘Place of residence.’’

s can be found in Appendix I.


 


 


 
 
 

Series 10, No. 241[ Page 17
ry episodes and conditions and selected injury characteristics, by year: United States, 1997–2007

19971 19981 19991 20002 2001 2002 2003 20042 2005 2006 2007

Percent of episodes (standard error)

....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

. . . . . . . 33.0 (1.0) 30.9 (1.0) 29.6 (1.0) 26.9 (1.1) 32.7 (1.2) 30.7 (1.2) 33.9 (1.3) 36.3 (1.6) 35.5 (1.7) 39.3 (2.2) 37.5 (2.0)

. . . . . . . 15.2 (0.7) 14.4 (0.7) 17.3 (0.8) 18.5 (1.0) 12.8 (0.8) 16.2 (1.0) 12.7 (0.9) 11.6 (1.1) 12.6 (1.1) 11.8 (1.4) 13.5 (1.4)

....... 13.0 (0.7) 13.1 (0.7) 15.6 (0.8) 14.4 (0.9) 14.2 (0.9) 16.2 (1.0) 16.0 (1.0) 11.1 (1.1) 11.5 (1.3) 10.2 (1.3) 11.0 (1.4)

. . . . . . . 10.8 (0.6) 13.8 (0.7) 12.3 (0.7) 11.3 (0.8) 13.3 (0.8) 13.2 (0.9) 14.2 (0.9) 14.4 (1.2) 13.5 (1.2) 13.7 (1.6) 11.0 (1.3)

. . . . . . . 7.8 (0.5) 8.3 (0.5) 7.2 (0.6) 8.5 (0.7) 7.9 (0.6) 7.2 (0.7) 8.0 (0.7) 8.6 (1.0) 6.8 (0.9) 7.9 (1.1) 8.9 (1.3)

....... 14.6 (0.7) 14.6 (0.8) 14.0 (0.8) 17.5 (0.9) 15.7 (0.8) 14.4 (0.9) 12.7 (0.9) 16.9 (1.3) 18.4 (1.4) 15.1 (1.5) 16.8 (1.5)

....... 5.7 (0.5) 4.9 (0.5) 4.0 (0.5) 2.7 (0.4) 3.3 (0.6) 2.1 (0.4) 2.4 (0.5) 1.1 (0.3) 1.6 (0.5) *1.9 (0.7) *1.4 (0.4)

....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

. . . . . . . 24.2 (0.9) 23.1 (0.9) 18.4 (0.9) 22.8 (1.0) 25.2 (1.0) 23.6 (1.1) 24.7 (1.2) 22.8 (1.0) 29.0 (1.6) 30.8 (2.1) 27.3 (1.8). . . . . . . 17.7 (0.7) 17.5 (0.8) 22.2 (0.9) 17.7 (1.1) 18.1 (0.9) 17.7 (1.0) 20.6 (1.1) 17.7 (1.1) 17.1 (1.3) 19.6 (1.8) 17.0 (1.5)

....... 6.4 (0.5) 6.6 (0.5) 7.8 (0.6) 6.8 (0.6) 6.0 (0.6) 8.4 (0.7) 5.3 (0.6) 6.8 (0.6) 7.3 (1.0) 5.3 (0.8) 7.2 (1.0)

....... 2.8 (0.4) 1.4 (0.2) 1.9 (0.3) 1.5 (0.3) 2.3 (0.4) 1.5 (0.3) 1.7 (0.4) 1.5 (0.3) 1.9 (0.5) *2.3 (0.9) 2.7 (0.6)

king lot . . 15.1 (0.8) 15.1 (0.8) 16.4 (0.8) 14.1 (0.9) 15.4 (0.9) 16.5 (1.0) 16.0 (1.1) 14.1 (0.9) 13.0 (1.4) 10.6 (1.3) 10.6 (1.3)

ake, river,

. . . . . . . 11.6 (0.7) 13.2 (0.7) 12.2 (0.7) 14.6 (0.9) 12.4 (0.8) 12.6 (0.9) 12.5 (0.8) 14.6 (0.9) 13.8 (1.2) 12.3 (1.5) 15.0 (1.6)

 

area, or

. . . . . . . 7.6 (0.6)

 

6.8 (0.6) 6.7 (0.6) 6.8 (0.7) 5.8 (0.5) 5.4 (0.6) 4.5 (0.5) 6.8 (0.7) 3.9 (0.7) 5.3 (1.0) 5.9 (1.1)

. . . . . . . 6.0 (0.5) 6.0 (0.5) 4.6 (0.5) 5.6 (0.6) 4.3 (0.5) 4.4 (0.5) 4.5 (0.6) 5.6 (0.6) 4.1 (0.6) 4.5 (0.9) 4.1 (0.9)

. . . . . . . 2.8 (0.3) 2.8 (0.3) 3.0 (0.4) 1.9 (0.3) 1.9 (0.3) 2.3 (0.4) 2.8 (0.5) 1.9 (0.3) 1.6 (0.4) *1.5 (0.6) 3.2 (0.8)

. . . . . . . 4.8 (0.4) 5.0

 

(0.5) 5.7 (0.5) 5.9 (0.6) 7.1 (0.6) 5.8 (0.6) 6.0 (0.6) 5.9 (0.6) 6.4 (0.8) 5.9 (1.0) 5.7 (0.9)

....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 

. . . . . . . 7.5 (0.5) 7.2 (0.5) 10.7 (0.7) 9.6 (0.7) 10.0 (0.8) 11.5 (0.9) 11.5 (0.9) 7.6 (0.9) 8.4 (1.3) 5.5 (0.9) 7.0 (1.1) 

. . . . . . . 19.0 (0.8) 18.2 (0.8) 15.9 (0.9) 18.0 (0.9) 15.4 (0.9) 15.0 (1.0) 13.9 (0.9) 15.6 (1.3) 12.1 (1.2) 13.7 (1.6) 16.8 (1.5) 

. . . . . . . 10.4 (0.6) 11.1 (0.6) 11.7 (0.7) 12.0 (0.8) 14.4 (0.9) 11.0 (0.8) 14.1 (0.9) 14.6 (1.3) 14.9 (1.3) 15.5 (1.6) 12.9 (1.5) 

. . . . . . . 2.8 (0.3) 2.4 (0.3) 2.9 (0.4)

 

2.7 (0.4) 2.5 (0.4) 3.4 (0.4) 2.2 (0.4) 3.2 (0.7) 2.3 (0.5) 1.7 (0.5) 2.2 (0.5)

 

. . . . . . . 13.4 (0.7) 13.5 (0.7) 13.6 (0.8) 14.6 (0.9) 13.8 (0.8) 15.6 (0.9) 13.3 (0.9) 15.0 (1.2) 15.9 (1.3) 14.4 (1.6) 17.9 (1.7)

. . . . . . . 21.4 (0.8) 22.4 (0.9) 21.9 (1.0)

 

24.5 (1.1) 21.4 (1.0) 23.1 (1.1) 21.4 (1.0) 26.9 (1.7) 25.0 (1.5) 24.7 (1.9) 22.5 (1.7)

 

. . . . . . . 24.5 (0.8) 23.1 (0.9) 22.4 (0.9) 16.7 (0.9) 21.4 (1.0) 18.6 (1.0) 22.1 (1.1) 15.4 (1.3) 19.3 (1.3) 23.6 (1.9) 18.8 (1.6)

 

Percent of conditions5 (standard error)

 

....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

 

. . . . . . . 16.1 (0.7) 16.1 (0.7) 15.9 (0.8) 15.5 (0.8) 17.3 (0.9) 16.3 (1.0) 16.2 (1.0) 12.5 (1.0) 17.0 (1.2) 17.0 (1.5) 14.7 (1.3) 

. . . . . . . 26.4 (0.9) 27.0 (1.0) 25.7 (1.0) 21.8 (1.0) 20.3 (0.9) 21.0 (1.2) 22.6 (1.1) 33.0 (1.6) 29.5 (1.5) 30.7 (1.9) 30.7 (1.9) 

. . . . . . . 20.1 (0.8) 19.1 (0.8) 18.7 (0.8) 17.7 (0.9) 17.0 (0.9) 15.4 (0.9) 17.1 (1.0) 15.8 (1.2) 16.1 (1.1) 16.7 (1.5) 17.1 (1.5)

. . . . . . . 15.1 (0.7) 15.4 (0.8) 13.5 (0.8) 12.6 (1.0) 10.1 (0.7) 13.4 (1.0) 11.2 (0.9) 24.9 (1.6) 24.0 (1.4) 22.8 (1.8) 22.2 (1.8)

 

. . . . . . . 22.2 (0.8) 22.5 (1.0) 26.2 (1.0) 32.3 (1.1) 35.4 (1.2) 33.9 (1.3) 32.8 (1.4) 13.7 (1.3) 13.4 (1.2) 12.9 (1.5) 15.3 (1.6)

 

....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

. . . . . . . 18.3 (0.7) 17.9 (0.8) 17.7 (0.8) 15.7 (0.8) 16.3 (0.9) 18.6 (1.0) 17.0 (0.9) 14.6 (1.2) 16.6 (1.3) 16.5 (1.7) 15.8 (1.6)

. . . . . . . 20.8 (0.8) 19.5 (0.8) 21.0 (0.9) 17.2 (0.9) 16.9 (0.9) 17.3 (1.0) 17.8 (0.9) 18.7 (1.3) 17.8 (1.3) 17.7 (1.6) 17.5 (1.5)

 

. . . . . . . 29.5 (0.8) 29.9 (0.9) 28.6 (0.9) 29.2 (1.0) 31.1 (1.1) 28.8 (1.1) 28.9 (1.1) 30.1 (1.5) 30.6 (1.5) 27.4 (1.7) 29.0 (1.8)

. . . . . . . 27.3 (0.8) 28.4 (0.9) 28.0 (0.9) 28.2 (1.1) 26.8 (1.1) 27.7 (1.2) 28.1 (1.2) 30.8 (1.6) 30.5 (1.6) 33.6 (2.0) 30.8 (2.0)

 

. . . . . . . 4.0 (0.3) 4.3 (0.5) 4.8 (0.4) 9.7 (0.7) 8.9 (0.8) 7.7 (0.6) 8.2 (0.8) 5.7 (0.7) 4.6 (0.6) 4.8 (1.0) 6.9 (1.0)

er than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

 

currence and activity exclude poisoning as respondents were not asked to report a place of occurrence or activity for episodes of poisoning.

n 2004. Therefore, the 11-year period from 1997 through 2007 can be divided into three time periods: 1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007. Estimates across these three time periods are not


 


 

ng, volunteer work, sleeping, resting, eating, drinking, cooking, hands-on care from another person, and other unspecified activities.

 

sical well-being (e.g., fractured femur, low back strain) due to injury or poisoning episode (e.g., fall). See Appendix I, ‘‘Injury condition.’’ In the years 1997–1999, up to four conditions could be reported for a

ed for poisoning. In the years 2000–2003 up to four injury and poisoning conditions could be reported. In the years 2004–2007 up to eight injury and poisoning conditions could be reported.

 

s can be found in Appendix I.

 

 

 

 


 

 

 

Page 18 [ Series 10, No. 241
injury episodes and conditions, by year and selected injury characteristics: United States, 1997–2007

19971 19981 19991 20002 2001 2002 2003 20042 2005 2006 2007

Weighted number of episodes in thousands

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,291 34,013 31,024 25,664 24,330 23,063 23,575 33,149 33,202 33,256 34,347

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,315 10,523 9,170 6,912 7,957 7,078 8,002 12,030 11,798 13,071 12,874

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,227 4,886 5,371 4,759 3,112 3,734 2,990 3,852 4,188 3,935 4,653

.............. 4,445 4,459 4,837 3,704 3,459 3,726 3,775 3,690 3,832 3,396 3,779

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,698 4,679 3,828 2,893 3,232 3,049 3,355 4,763 4,479 4,572 3,773

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,670 2,837 2,227 2,191 1,928 1,672 1,881 2,844 2,274 2,628 3,050

.............. 4,992 4,977 4,335 4,503 3,832 3,330 3,003 5,595 6,094 5,018 5,753

.............. 1,945 1,654 1,256 703 810 475 568 375 536 *636 *464

.............. 32,346 32,360 29,768 25,664 24,330 23,063 23,575 33,149 33,202 33,256 34,347

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,825 7,468 5,488 5,852 6,139 5,450 5,826 8,567 9,641 10,248 9,390. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,736 5,663 6,622 4,538 4,394 4,087 4,854 6,701 5,684 6,521 5,826

.............. 2,064 2,121 2,330 1,756 1,453 1,927 1,253 2,571 2,410 1,771 2,483

.............. 908 443 569 384 559 335 392 502 629 *766 916

king lot . . . . . . . . . 4,883 4,890 4,888 3,617 3,750 3,805 3,765 4,310 4,331 3,522 3,627

ake, river, or pool . . . 3,737 4,267 3,635 3,745 3,021 2,908 2,947 3,941 4,585 4,089 5,164

area, or farm ...... 2,449 2,201 1,998 1,754 1,401 1,252 1,071 1,766 1,296 1,769 2,040

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,952 1,948 1,375 1,426 1,054 1,005 1,058 1,314 1,367 1,486 1,392

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 912 890 500 468 537 658 837 518 *509 1,104

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,548 1,605 1,688 1,521 1,725 1,332 1,421 2,151 2,134 1,955 1,962

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,346 32,360 29,768 25,664 24,330 23,063 23,575 33,149 33,202 33,256 34,347

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,432 2,320 3,181 2,461 2,426 2,644 2,721 2,534 2,803 1,813 2,417

 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,136 5,891 4,748 4,619 3,738 3,464 3,279 5,177 4,033 4,566 5,773

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,363 3,596 3,487 3,084 3,507 2,548 3,330 4,831 4,963 5,170 4,433

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 765 868 697 615 780 510 1,069 754 572 760

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,328 4,359 4,048 3,737 3,350 3,588 3,146 4,971 5,269 4,778 6,133

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,907 7,236

 

6,533 6,289 5,216 5,320 5,044 8,908 8,298 8,201 7,744

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,923 7,485 6,661 4,296 5,206 4,282 5,202 5,096 6,404 7,854 6,451

Weighted number of conditions5 in thousands

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,807 38,208 35,484 30,162 28,472 27,560 27,875 42,976 41,587 43,807 43,439

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,240 6,149 5,654

 

4,686 4,922 4,488 4,522 5,390 7,054 7,428 6,400

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,260 10,302 9,126 6,575 5,767 5,783 6,303 14,183 12,275 13,428 13,350

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,812 7,302 6,622 5,348 4,832 4,252 4,774 6,775 6,694 7,330 7,424

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,867 5,867 4,778 3,801 2,883 3,683 3,120 10,721 9,976 9,983 9,636

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,628 8,587 9,304 9,752 10,069 9,354 9,155 5,907 5,587 5,638 6,629

 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,807 38,208 35,484 30,162 28,472 27,560 27,875 42,976 41,587 43,807 43,439 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,106 6,832 6,267 4,737 4,645 5,113 4,730 6,281 6,910 7,225 6,845 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,088 7,438 7,437 5,194 4,810 4,763 4,957 8,057 7,390 7,770 7,600 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,464 11,420 10,150 8,804 8,854 7,928 8,065 12,951 12,717 12,016 12,586

 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,593 10,868 9,930 8,513 7,638 7,625 7,843 13,241 12,672 14,715 13,397

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,556 1,651 1,700 2,914 2,525 2,131 2,278 2,447 1,898 2,081 3,010

er than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

currence and activity exclude poisoning as respondents were not asked to report a place of occurrence or activity for episodes of poisoning.

n 2004. Therefore, the 11-year period from 1997 through 2007 can be divided into three time periods: 1997–1999, 2000–2003, and 2004–2007. Estimates across these three time periods are not

 

ng, volunteer work, sleeping, resting, eating, drinking, cooking, hands-on care from another person, and other unspecified activities.


 

sical well-being (e.g., fractured femur, low back strain) due to injury or poisoning episode (e.g., fall). See Appendix I, ‘‘Injury condition.’’ In the years 1997–1999, up to four conditions could be reported for a


 

ed for poisoning. In the years 2000–2003, up to four injury and poisoning conditions could be reported. In the years 2004–2007, up to eight injury and poisoning conditions could be reported.

s can be found in Appendix I.

 

 

 


 

 

Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 19
Page 20 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 3. Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by selected characteristics for the leading external causes of injury:

United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999

External Struck by Cut or

2004–2007 causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce Poisoning

Rate per 1,000 population (standard error)

Total (crude) ............................ 114.5 ( 2.2) 42.5 (1.4) 14.2 ( 0.8) 12.6 (0.8) 15.0 (0.8) 9.2 (0.7) 1.7 (0.3)

Total (age-adjusted) ....................... 114.8 ( 2.2) 42.8 ( 1.4) 14.3 ( 0.8) 12.5 (0.8) 15.0 (0.8) 9.3 (0.7) 1.7 (0.3)

Sex

Male ................................. 123.2 ( 3.4) 39.0 ( 2.0) 17.3 ( 1.3) 13.3 (1.1) 15.8 (1.2) 12.4 (1.1) 1.5 (0.4)

Female ............................... 105.2 ( 3.0) 45.6 ( 1.9) 11.2 ( 1.0) 11.6 (0.9) 14.1 (1.1) 6.2 (0.7) 1.9 (0.4)

Age1

Under 15 years .......................... 112.1 ( 5.1) 48.5 ( 3.4) 20.0 ( 2.0) 8.3 (1.3) 6.4 (1.1) 6.9 (1.2) *2.4 (0.8)

15–24 years ............................ 142.3 ( 6.9) 37.2 ( 3.6) 22.5 ( 2.6) 22.0 (2.6) 20.9 (2.6) 9.0 (1.8) *3.0 (1.0)

25–44 years ............................ 106.9 ( 4.1) 26.9 ( 2.0) 13.5 ( 1.5) 12.2 (1.4) 20.4 (1.6) 12.9 (1.5) *0.8 (0.3)

45–64 years ............................ 101.4 ( 4.0) 37.2 ( 2.5) 9.3 ( 1.2) 13.2 (1.5) 15.1 (1.7) 8.9 (1.2) 1.9 (0.5)

65–74 years ............................ 100.3 ( 8.2) 53.9 ( 6.0) *4.1 ( 1.4) 10.5 (3.0) 8.7 (2.4) 9.6 (2.8) †

75 years and over......................... 165.5 (11.4) 121.8 ( 9.7) 9.5 ( 2.8) *6.0 (2.1) 12.6 (3.7) † †

Hispanic or Latino origin and race2

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 66.9 ( 4.0) 27.8 ( 2.9) 6.9 ( 1.2) 7.8 (1.1) 7.6 (1.3) 6.5 (1.2) †

Mexican or Mexican American ................ 67.1 ( 5.4) 29.5 ( 4.2) 7.5 ( 1.5) 8.1 (1.5) 6.9 (1.3) 7.2 (1.9) †

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 124.0 ( 2.6) 45.5 ( 1.6) 15.8 ( 0.9) 13.3 (0.9) 16.4 (0.9) 9.9 (0.8) 1.9 (0.3)

White, single race ....................... 135.0 ( 3.1) 50.7 ( 1.9) 17.3 ( 1.1) 13.5 (1.0) 18.0 (1.1) 11.1 (0.9) 2.0 (0.4)

Black or African American, single race ........... 86.2 ( 5.4) 24.8 ( 2.7) 9.9 ( 1.6) 15.3 (2.8) 12.2 (1.9) 4.4 (1.0) *1.6 (0.6)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ...... 150.3 (33.0) *50.7 (21.7) *42.8 (15.4) † † † –

Asian, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.0 ( 6.1) 11.6 ( 3.1) *4.4 ( 1.9) *6.3 (2.0) *5.7 (1.9) *3.7 (1.6) †

Education, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma ................ 102.0 ( 6.8) 40.0 ( 3.9) 9.9 ( 2.1) 11.9 (2.3) 16.7 (3.3) 9.1 (1.9) †

High school diploma or GED3

.................. 109.1 ( 4.9) 41.7 ( 3.1) 10.2 ( 1.7) 9.1 (1.4) 15.3 (1.8) 13.2 (1.8) *1.1 (0.5)

Some college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137.4 ( 5.9) 54.5 ( 4.0) 12.0 ( 1.6) 13.4 (1.8) 20.1 (2.0) 13.6 (2.1) *2.2 (0.7)

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 99.0 ( 5.2) 35.9 ( 3.4) 11.9 ( 1.8) 13.1 (1.9) 16.4 (1.9) 5.9 (1.1) †

Health insurance coverage4 under 65 years

Private ................................ 117.7 ( 3.1) 37.1 ( 1.7) 16.7 ( 1.1) 12.2 (1.0) 17.0 (1.1) 10.9 (1.0) 1.7 (0.4)

Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.6 ( 9.5) 62.8 ( 6.6) 16.6 ( 3.4) 15.2 (2.8) 14.7 (2.9) 12.7 (3.2) *2.2 (0.9)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.1 (17.2) 47.5 (10.0) 25.0 ( 6.8) *16.0 (4.9) *17.8 (5.7) *14.3 (4.9) †

Uninsured .............................. 85.6 ( 5.3) 22.2 ( 2.6) 11.5 ( 2.1) 13.6 (2.1) 11.8 (1.8) 6.1 (1.4) *1.2 (0.5)

Place of residence

Large MSA5 ............................ 100.8 ( 3.1) 38.8 ( 1.9) 12.3 ( 1.0) 11.0 (1.1) 12.1 (1.0) 7.3 (0.8) 1.3 (0.3)

Small MSA ............................. 128.0 ( 4.3) 46.7 ( 2.7) 16.3 ( 1.5) 14.7 (1.5) 17.2 (1.6) 11.5 (1.3) 2.2 (0.6)

Not in MSA ............................ 133.0 ( 5.6) 48.0 ( 3.1) 16.8 ( 1.9) 12.5 (1.8) 20.1 (2.0) 10.6 (1.7) *1.7 (0.6)

Region

Northeast .............................. 105.5 ( 4.9) 42.9 ( 3.1) 11.6 ( 1.7) 8.9 (1.4) 15.2 (1.9) 6.1 (1.2) *1.9 (0.7)

Midwest ............................... 140.1 ( 4.9) 50.0 ( 3.3) 18.9 ( 1.7) 11.9 (1.6) 21.6 (2.0) 12.0 (1.7) 1.5 (0.4)

South ................................ 105.0 ( 3.6) 40.1 ( 2.1) 12.9 ( 1.2) 14.0 (1.5) 12.1 (1.2) 8.4 (1.0) *1.2 (0.4)

West ................................. 111.7 ( 4.7) 39.2 ( 2.8) 14.0 ( 1.7) 13.5 (1.6) 12.7 (1.4) 10.4 (1.5) *2.6 (0.8)

See footnotes and at end of table.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 21

Table 3. Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by selected characteristics for the leading external causes of injury:

United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999—Con.

2000–2003

External

causes, all Fall

Struck by

or against Transportation Overexertion

Cut or

pierce Poisoning

Rate per 1,000 population (standard error)

Total (crude) ............................

Total (age-adjusted) .......................

86.6 ( 1.3)

86.7 ( 1.3)

26.9 (0.6)

27.1 (0.6)

13.1 (0.4)

13.0 (0.4)

13.2 (0.5)

13.1 (0.5)

11.3 (0.4)

11.3 (0.4)

6.9 (0.3)

6.9 (0.3)

2.6 (0.2)

2.6 (0.2)

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Female ...............................

94.7 ( 1.8)

78.0 ( 1.6)

25.0 (0.9)

28.6 (0.9)

17.3 (0.7)

8.8 (0.5)

14.2 (0.6)

12.1 (0.6)

12.7 (0.6)

9.8 (0.5)

8.9 (0.5)

4.9 (0.3)

2.1 (0.3)

3.2 (0.3)

Age1

Under 15 years ..........................

15–24 years ............................

25–44 years ............................

45–64 years ............................

65–74 years ............................

75 years and over.........................

86.6 ( 2.4)

113.5 ( 3.6)

87.4 ( 2.1)

74.0 ( 2.3)

59.9 ( 3.5)

98.1 ( 5.1)

30.9 (1.4)

22.8 (1.6)

19.4 (0.9)

24.3 (1.4)

30.9 (2.7)

67.2 (4.2)

18.6 (1.1)

25.9 (1.7)

11.1 (0.7)

7.1 (0.6)

3.6 (0.7)

5.2 (1.1)

9.1 (0.8)

22.1 (1.5)

16.2 (0.9)

10.7 (0.8)

8.6 (1.3)

5.8 (1.1)

3.6 (0.5)

15.2 (1.3)

15.7 (0.9)

13.3 (0.9)

5.4 (1.0)

6.1 (1.2)

6.2 (0.7)

9.2 (0.9)

8.6 (0.6)

5.9 (0.5)

3.4 (0.8)

2.6 (0.8)

4.4 (0.6)

3.5 (0.8)

1.9 (0.3)

1.8 (0.3)

*1.3 (0.5)

*2.6 (0.8)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race2

Hispanic or Latino .........................

Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not Hispanic or Latino ......................

White, single race .......................

Black or African American, single race ...........

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ......

Asian, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51.4 ( 2.1)

51.4 ( 2.8)

92.4 ( 1.4)

102.0 ( 1.7)

54.2 ( 2.4)

90.9 (13.0)

32.8 ( 3.6)

18.5 (1.4)

17.5 (1.9)

28.4 (0.7)

31.0 (0.8)

18.3 (1.4)

31.1 (7.4)

10.7 (2.0)

5.9 (0.6)

5.2 (0.7)

14.3 (0.5)

15.8 (0.6)

8.7 (0.9)

*15.5 (5.0)

3.9 (1.1)

9.5 (1.0)

10.2 (1.3)

13.7 (0.5)

14.2 (0.6)

11.7 (1.1)

*16.1 (5.5)

9.0 (1.9)

5.3 (0.5)

6.2 (0.7)

12.1 (0.5)

13.8 (0.6)

5.6 (0.8)

*17.2 (7.3)

*4.1 (1.2)

2.9 (0.4)

2.9 (0.5)

7.5 (0.3)

8.5 (0.4)

3.3 (0.5)

†

*2.9 (1.1)

2.1 (0.5)

*2.1 (0.7)

2.7 (0.3)

3.1 (0.3)

1.3 (0.3)

†

–

Education, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma ................

High school diploma or GED3

..................

Some college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bachelor’s degree or higher...................

73.6 ( 3.2)

77.8 ( 2.4)

97.9 ( 3.1)

80.4 ( 3.0)

26.7 (1.8)

23.0 (1.3)

33.8 (1.9)

26.8 (2.0)

6.8 (1.0)

7.9 (0.8)

9.2 (0.8)

9.7 (0.9)

12.8 (1.4)

12.3 (1.0)

14.4 (1.0)

11.6 (1.0)

9.5 (1.2)

13.6 (1.0)

14.9 (1.0)

14.2 (1.2)

5.5 (0.8)

5.6 (0.6)

9.0 (0.8)

6.6 (0.7)

1.8 (0.5)

1.4 (0.3)

2.8 (0.5)

1.8 (0.4)

Health insurance coverage4 under 65 years

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Uninsured ..............................

93.3 ( 1.6)

100.9 ( 5.2)

91.9 ( 9.0)

69.6 ( 2.7)

25.2 (0.8)

32.5 (2.7)

25.5 (4.0)

18.2 (1.3)

16.1 (0.6)

12.6 (1.6)

15.8 (4.1)

10.2 (1.0)

13.8 (0.6)

21.0 (2.4)

10.5 (2.7)

13.9 (1.1)

13.7 (0.6)

7.7 (1.3)

*14.8 (5.1)

8.1 (0.9)

7.7 (0.4)

7.3 (1.1)

*7.7 (2.5)

6.5 (0.8)

2.7 (0.3)

6.3 (1.4)

*2.7 (1.2)

1.9 (0.4)

Place of residence

Large MSA5 ............................

Small MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not in MSA ............................

76.2 ( 1.6)

93.4 ( 2.4)

101.8 ( 3.0)

25.0 (0.9)

27.2 (1.1)

32.0 (1.6)

11.8 (0.6)

13.8 (0.8)

14.7 (1.1)

12.4 (0.6)

13.7 (0.9)

13.9 (1.0)

8.8 (0.5)

13.3 (0.9)

13.8 (0.9)

5.0 (0.4)

8.3 (0.6)

9.1 (0.9)

2.4 (0.3)

2.9 (0.4)

2.7 (0.5)

Region

Northeast ..............................

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South ................................

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83.9 ( 2.9)

97.8 ( 2.6)

82.6 ( 2.2)

83.9 ( 2.4)

29.8 (1.6)

29.3 (1.2)

25.0 (1.1)

25.9 (1.2)

11.4 (0.9)

16.2 (1.1)

12.2 (0.7)

12.2 (0.8)

11.1 (1.1)

14.6 (1.0)

13.9 (0.8)

12.1 (0.9)

10.9 (0.9)

13.2 (0.8)

9.6 (0.7)

12.3 (1.0)

6.1 (0.6)

7.9 (0.6)

6.7 (0.5)

6.6 (0.7)

2.6 (0.5)

2.6 (0.4)

2.7 (0.4)

2.7 (0.5)

See footnotes and at end of table.
Page 22 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 3. Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by selected characteristics for the leading external causes of injury:

United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999—Con.

External Struck by Cut or

1997–1999 causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce Poisoning

Rate per 1,000 population (standard error)

Total (crude) ............................ 123.0 ( 1.6) 38.4 ( 0.8) 19.2 (0.6) 17.0 (0.5) 15.1 (0.5) 9.6 (0.4) 6.0 ( 0.4)

Total (age-adjusted) ....................... 122.9 ( 1.6) 38.9 ( 0.8) 19.0 (0.6) 16.9 (0.5) 15.1 (0.5) 9.5 (0.4) 6.0 ( 0.4)

Sex

Male ................................. 137.2 ( 2.3) 34.5 ( 1.1) 25.4 (1.0) 19.0 (0.8) 17.3 (0.8) 13.4 (0.7) 5.5 ( 0.4)

Female ............................... 107.4 ( 2.1) 42.0 ( 1.2) 12.4 (0.7) 14.9 (0.7) 12.9 (0.7) 5.7 (0.4) 6.4 ( 0.5)

Age1

Under 15 years .......................... 118.4 ( 3.1) 42.2 ( 1.8) 26.0 (1.5) 12.0 (0.9) 4.2 (0.6) 7.7 (0.8) 9.7 ( 0.9)

15–24 years ............................ 161.7 ( 4.9) 35.6 ( 2.3) 37.1 (2.3) 30.0 (2.0) 17.6 (1.6) 13.3 (1.3) 5.4 ( 0.9)

25–44 years ............................ 125.8 ( 2.8) 28.0 ( 1.2) 17.1 (1.0) 20.5 (1.1) 21.2 (1.1) 12.6 (0.8) 5.4 ( 0.6)

45–64 years ............................ 101.2 ( 3.0) 32.1 ( 1.5) 10.4 (0.9) 12.4 (0.9) 19.8 (1.2) 7.5 (0.8) 3.9 ( 0.6)

65–74 years ............................ 101.2 ( 5.2) 51.0 ( 3.6) 6.5 (1.2) 13.3 (1.8) 8.8 (1.5) 6.5 (1.4) 4.6 ( 1.1)

75 years and over......................... 139.2 ( 7.0) 99.6 ( 6.0) 6.4 (1.4) 6.8 (1.5) 8.3 (1.7) *2.7 (0.8) 5.5 ( 1.3)

Hispanic or Latino origin and race2

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 81.0 ( 3.1) 28.7 ( 1.9) 10.9 (1.0) 12.3 (1.1) 7.4 (0.9) 5.3 (0.7) 4.0 ( 0.7)

Mexican or Mexican American ................ 75.8 ( 3.8) 28.8 ( 2.7) 10.3 (1.3) 10.6 (1.4) 6.5 (1.1) 5.5 (0.9) 3.4 ( 0.9)

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 129.0 ( 1.8) 40.4 ( 0.9) 20.2 (0.7) 17.5 (0.6) 16.2 (0.6) 10.0 (0.5) 6.3 ( 0.4)

White, single race ....................... 138.0 ( 2.1) 43.4 ( 1.1) 22.2 (0.8) 17.4 (0.7) 17.7 (0.7) 11.0 (0.5) 6.5 ( 0.5)

Black or African American, single race ........... 95.1 ( 3.6) 30.5 ( 2.1) 12.9 (1.2) 19.8 (1.8) 9.7 (1.1) 5.8 (0.8) 4.4 ( 0.8)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ...... 195.9 (24.3) 59.5 (15.4) *28.0 (9.9) 22.0 (6.2) *14.8 (5.6) *21.2 (7.7) *28.1 (10.5)

Asian, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.6 ( 6.2) 16.2 ( 3.1) 9.0 (2.0) 13.4 (2.9) *6.0 (1.8) *3.0 (1.3) *3.5 ( 1.6)

Education, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma ................ 107.1 ( 4.2) 38.2 ( 2.3) 10.8 (1.3) 15.7 (1.6) 12.7 (1.4) 7.2 (1.0) 5.8 ( 1.4)

High school diploma or GED3

.................. 116.7 ( 3.3) 39.0 ( 1.9) 11.6 (1.0) 15.9 (1.2) 19.3 (1.3) 9.8 (0.9) 4.4 ( 0.6)

Some college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140.2 ( 4.2) 46.7 ( 2.8) 15.4 (1.2) 19.3 (1.4) 21.8 (1.6) 11.2 (1.2) 5.9 ( 0.8)

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 104.9 ( 3.8) 32.4 ( 2.3) 13.2 (1.2) 14.0 (1.4) 18.2 (1.5) 9.0 (1.0) 3.9 ( 0.7)

Health insurance coverage4 under 65 years

Private ................................ 129.5 ( 2.1) 34.9 ( 1.0) 23.6 (0.8) 17.0 (0.7) 17.8 (0.7) 10.4 (0.6) 5.7 ( 0.5)

Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148.8 ( 7.6) 52.5 ( 4.6) 19.4 (2.3) 27.4 (3.2) 12.7 (2.2) 8.9 (1.6) 13.0 ( 2.3)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134.8 (10.2) 45.2 ( 5.3) 16.3 (4.0) 17.9 (4.1) 15.0 (3.2) *8.7 (2.7) *9.0 ( 2.7)

Uninsured .............................. 95.1 ( 5.7) 27.3 ( 4.3) 13.4 (1.9) 16.3 (1.3) 10.0 (1.2) 8.8 (0.9) 4.0 ( 0.7)

Place of residence

Large MSA5 ............................ 116.9 ( 2.3) 39.0 ( 1.2) 17.2 (0.8) 16.6 (0.8) 14.1 (0.7) 8.9 (0.6) 4.4 ( 0.4)

Small MSA ............................. 124.5 ( 2.8) 37.5 ( 1.4) 20.3 (1.1) 17.8 (0.9) 15.3 (1.0) 8.9 (0.7) 7.2 ( 0.8)

Not in MSA ............................ 134.5 ( 4.2) 40.6 ( 1.8) 20.7 (1.5) 16.1 (1.1) 17.2 (1.2) 11.9 (1.1) 7.5 ( 0.8)

Region

Northeast .............................. 124.0 ( 4.0) 43.7 ( 2.4) 19.0 (1.2) 15.5 (1.3) 15.5 (1.3) 8.8 (0.8) 4.4 ( 0.6)

Midwest ............................... 128.2 ( 3.2) 39.6 ( 1.5) 21.0 (1.2) 15.8 (1.0) 16.1 (1.1) 10.9 (0.9) 6.6 ( 0.7)

South ................................ 116.8 ( 2.7) 36.7 ( 1.3) 17.3 (1.0) 18.0 (1.0) 13.6 (0.8) 9.0 (0.7) 5.6 ( 0.7)

West ................................. 126.4 ( 3.6) 37.1 ( 1.7) 19.5 (1.4) 17.6 (1.2) 16.5 (1.2) 9.4 (1.0) 7.2 ( 0.9)

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.
 

1

Age-specific estimates are not age-adjusted.
 

2

Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

In the years 1997–1998, the Asian category included Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
 

3

GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

4

Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. See Appendix I, ‘‘Health insurance coverage.’’
 

5

MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Starting with 2006 data, MSA status is determined using 2000 census data and the 2000 standards for defining MSAs. For data prior to 2006, see Appendix I,
 

‘‘Place of residence.’’
 

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
 
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 23

Table 4. Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by sex and selected characteristics for the leading external causes of injury:

United States, 2004–2007

External Struck by Cut or

Male causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce Poisoning

Age1 Rate per 1,000 population (standard error)

Under 15 years .......................... 124.6 ( 7.8) 54.3 ( 5.3) 24.3 ( 3.0) 9.5 (2.1) 6.0 (1.5) 8.1 ( 1.8) †

15–24 years ............................ 184.0 (11.1) 46.6 ( 5.7) 32.7 ( 4.7) 24.0 (3.8) 25.9 (4.2) 13.6 ( 3.2) *2.5 (1.1)

25–44 years ............................ 118.7 ( 6.1) 21.5 ( 2.4) 16.1 ( 2.4) 13.2 (2.1) 22.0 (2.4) 17.4 ( 2.3) *1.2 (0.5)

45–64 years ............................ 98.1 ( 5.8) 26.5 ( 3.3) 9.9 ( 1.7) 14.2 (2.2) 15.0 (2.4) 12.2 ( 2.1) †

65–74 years ............................ 97.3 (11.7) 46.0 ( 8.1) † *9.7 (3.7) *7.8 (3.4) *13.5 ( 4.9) –

75 years and over......................... 121.0 (14.8) 91.2 (13.0) † † *9.4 (3.9) – †

Hispanic or Latino origin and race2

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 74.7 ( 6.2) 28.6 ( 4.4) 9.5 ( 2.1) 6.9 (1.4) 11.2 (2.5) 7.9 ( 1.9) †

Mexican or Mexican American ................ 77.1 ( 7.7) 31.5 ( 5.8) 9.4 ( 2.3) 7.6 (2.0) 9.9 (2.3) *9.5 ( 2.9) †

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 133.5 ( 3.9) 41.1 ( 2.2) 18.8 ( 1.4) 14.6 (1.4) 17.0 (1.3) 13.4 ( 1.2) 1.7 (0.5)

White, single race ....................... 143.7 ( 4.7) 46.2 ( 2.6) 20.8 ( 1.8) 14.6 (1.5) 18.0 (1.6) 14.9 ( 1.5) *1.7 (0.6)

Black or African American, single race ........... 97.4 ( 8.5) 20.0 ( 3.8) 9.8 ( 2.2) 19.3 (4.5) 17.9 (3.4) *4.3 ( 1.5) †

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ...... *159.3 (51.2) † † † – – –

Asian, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.8 ( 9.9) *11.7 ( 4.9) † † *7.0 (2.8) *6.5 ( 3.0) †

Education, 25 years and over

Less than a high school diploma ................ 90.7 ( 8.5) 24.4 ( 4.1) 10.0 ( 2.8) 15.4 (3.6) 13.0 (3.4) 12.2 ( 3.1) †

High school diploma or GED3

.................. 110.1 ( 7.1) 36.1 ( 4.4) 10.2 ( 2.4) 7.3 (1.7) 17.2 (2.8) 16.6 ( 2.9) †

Some college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150.4 ( 9.5) 43.6 ( 5.4) 13.5 ( 2.8) 12.9 (2.7) 24.9 (3.4) 21.4 ( 3.9) †

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 98.5 ( 7.2) 27.5 ( 4.2) 13.5 ( 2.5) 15.4 (3.0) 14.7 (2.5) 7.0 ( 1.7) –

Health insurance coverage4 under 65 years

Private ................................ 134.5 ( 4.7) 36.0 ( 2.5) 21.1 ( 1.8) 13.2 (1.4) 19.3 (1.7) 14.9 ( 1.6) *1.5 (0.6)

Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153.5 (17.1) 62.8 (10.5) *26.7 ( 8.8) *18.7 (6.1) 15.8 (4.5) *15.9 ( 6.3) †

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139.2 (24.2) *31.2 (10.9) *25.6 (10.8) *21.8 (8.7) *17.1 (7.7) *22.1 (10.3) †

Uninsured .............................. 91.1 ( 7.7) 21.4 ( 3.9) 10.9 ( 2.2) 14.2 (3.0) 11.5 (2.4) 8.5 ( 2.1) *1.8 (0.8)

Place of residence

Large MSA5 ............................ 106.2 ( 4.6) 35.4 ( 2.7) 13.2 ( 1.6) 11.7 (1.6) 12.3 (1.3) 9.8 ( 1.3) *1.3 (0.4)

Small MSA ............................. 137.0 ( 6.2) 41.9 ( 3.7) 20.8 ( 2.4) 16.0 (2.1) 17.5 (2.4) 16.8 ( 2.3) *2.3 (1.0)

Not in MSA ............................ 147.9 ( 8.2) 43.8 ( 4.4) 22.7 ( 3.3) 12.9 (2.6) 23.6 (3.3) 11.9 ( 2.5) †

Region

Northeast .............................. 111.8 ( 7.4) 43.3 ( 4.9) 15.2 ( 2.7) 9.2 (2.2) 14.2 (2.4) 6.3 ( 1.8) †

Midwest ............................... 157.4 ( 7.9) 46.5 ( 4.6) 24.7 ( 3.1) 13.0 (2.5) 24.1 (3.1) 16.3 ( 2.6) *1.5 (0.6)

South ................................ 108.1 ( 5.4) 34.7 ( 3.0) 12.9 ( 1.8) 14.5 (2.0) 13.2 (1.9) 11.2 ( 1.7) *1.1 (0.5)

West ................................. 120.4 ( 6.9) 33.6 ( 3.7) 18.1 ( 2.8) 15.0 (2.3) 12.9 (2.0) 15.4 ( 2.5) †

See footnotes and at end of table.
Page 24 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 4. Age-adjusted annualized rates of injury episodes, by sex and selected characteristics for the leading external causes of injury:

United States, 2004–2007—Con.

External Struck by Cut or

Female causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce Poisoning

Age1 Rate per 1,000 population (standard error)
 

Under 15 years .......................... 99.1 ( 5.9) 42.5 ( 3.9) 15.4 ( 2.5) 7.0 (1.5) 6.9 (1.7) 5.7 (1.6) *2.4 (0.9) 
 

15–24 years ............................ 99.6 ( 7.9) 27.5 ( 4.0) 12.1 ( 2.6) 20.1 (3.3) 15.8 (3.2) *4.3 (1.5) *3.5 (1.7) 
 

25–44 years ............................ 95.3 ( 5.3) 32.2 ( 3.2) 10.9 ( 1.8) 11.2 (1.7) 18.8 (2.2) 8.5 (1.7) † 
 

45–64 years ............................ 104.5 ( 5.8) 47.4 ( 3.9) 8.7 ( 1.8) 12.3 (1.9) 15.1 (2.5) 5.8 (1.3) *2.8 (0.9)
 

65–74 years ............................ 102.9 (11.1) 60.6 ( 8.4) *4.2 ( 1.9) *11.2 (4.6) *9.5 (3.0) *6.4 (2.9) †
 

75 years and over......................... 194.0 (16.4) 141.4 (13.7) *12.7 ( 4.2) *7.7 (3.1) *14.6 (5.6) † †
 

Hispanic or Latino origin and race2

Hispanic or Latino ......................... 58.4 ( 5.1) 26.4 ( 3.7) 3.9 ( 1.0) 8.9 (1.8) 4.1 (1.0) *5.1 (1.5) †

Mexican or Mexican American . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.6 ( 7.0) 26.9 ( 5.5) *5.1 ( 1.6) 8.8 (2.5) *3.4 (1.0) † –

Not Hispanic or Latino ...................... 113.5 ( 3.4) 48.8 ( 2.1) 12.6 ( 1.2) 12.0 (1.1) 15.7 (1.3) 6.5 (0.9) 2.1 (0.5)

White, single race ....................... 124.9 ( 4.2) 54.2 ( 2.6) 13.5 ( 1.4) 12.3 (1.3) 17.9 (1.6) 7.2 (1.1) 2.3 (0.6)

Black or African American, single race ........... 74.9 ( 6.0) 27.7 ( 3.6) 9.8 ( 2.2) 11.7 (2.3) 7.5 (1.7) *4.4 (1.4) *2.2 (1.1)

American Indian or Alaska Native, single race ...... *135.7 (42.6) † *36.1 (17.9) † † † –

Asian, single race. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.9 ( 7.3) *12.7 ( 4.5) † *7.9 (3.1) † † –

Education, 25 years and over
 

Less than a high school diploma ................ 110.9 (10.3) 55.0 ( 6.8) *9.4 ( 3.1) 8.5 (2.3) 19.9 (5.6) *5.3 (2.0) † 
 

High school diploma or GED3

.................. 105.8 ( 6.8) 45.9 ( 4.3) 9.8 ( 2.2) 10.6 (2.2) 13.0 (2.3) 9.8 (2.3) †
 

Some college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.4 ( 7.5) 63.3 ( 5.6) 10.5 ( 1.9) 13.7 (2.4) 16.2 (2.6) 7.1 (1.9) *2.4 (0.9)
 

Bachelor’s degree or higher................... 100.5 ( 7.7) 45.0 ( 5.5) 10.5 ( 2.6) 11.2 (2.6) 17.7 (2.8) 4.8 (1.4) †
 

Health insurance coverage4 under 65 years
 

Private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.5 ( 3.8) 38.0 ( 2.3) 12.2 ( 1.4) 11.2 (1.2) 14.8 (1.5) 7.0 (1.1) *1.9 (0.6)
 

Medicaid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129.0 (11.4) 62.2 ( 8.3) 10.5 ( 2.7) 13.7 (3.0) 14.0 (3.7) 11.0 (3.2) *3.5 (1.4)
 

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.7 (24.4) 61.5 (15.5) *24.9 ( 8.6) † *17.9 (8.5) *8.1 (3.7) †
 

Uninsured .............................. 78.5 ( 7.5) 23.1 ( 3.8) *11.4 ( 3.6) 12.9 (2.6) 12.3 (2.6) † † 
 

Place of residence

Large MSA5 ............................ 93.5 ( 3.9) 40.7 ( 2.5) 11.1 ( 1.4) 10.3 (1.2) 11.7 (1.5) 4.9 (0.9) *1.4 (0.4)

Small MSA ............................. 118.3 ( 5.5) 50.8 ( 3.7) 11.6 ( 1.8) 13.2 (1.8) 16.8 (2.3) 6.3 (1.3) *2.1 (0.8)

Not in MSA ............................ 117.5 ( 7.8) 51.6 ( 4.5) 11.0 ( 2.4) 11.9 (2.5) 16.6 (2.7) 9.3 (2.3) *2.6 (1.0)

Region
 

Northeast .............................. 98.6 ( 6.5) 42.7 ( 4.1) 8.0 ( 2.1) 8.7 (1.8) 15.6 (2.8) 5.8 (1.6) † 
 

Midwest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 ( 7.2) 53.0 ( 4.4) 13.0 ( 2.2) 10.6 (1.9) 19.1 (3.0) 7.8 (1.9) *1.5 (0.6)
 

South ................................ 100.1 ( 4.7) 43.7 ( 3.0) 12.7 ( 1.8) 13.4 (1.7) 11.2 (1.6) 5.7 (1.1) *1.2 (0.5)
 

West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101.4 ( 5.7) 43.7 ( 3.9) 9.4 ( 1.9) 12.0 (2.2) 12.3 (2.0) 5.5 (1.4) *2.8 (0.9)
 

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.
 

1

Age-specific estimates are not age-adjusted.
 

2

Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race or combination of races. Similarly, the category ‘‘not Hispanic or Latino’’ refers to all persons who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of race.
 

In 1997–1998, the Asian category included Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
 

3

GED is General Educational Development high school equivalency diploma.
 

4

Classification of health insurance coverage is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Persons with more than one type of health insurance were assigned to the first appropriate
 

category in the hierarchy. See Appendix I, ‘‘Health insurance coverage.’’
 

5

MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Starting with 2006 data, MSA status is determined using 2000 census data and the 2000 standards for defining MSAs. For data prior to 2006, see Appendix I,
 

‘‘Place of residence.’’
 

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 25

Table 5. Percentage of injury conditions, by nature and body region of the condition: United States, 2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999

Sprains Open Contusions or

Body region Fractures and strains wounds superficial Other

2004–2007 Percent of conditions1 (standard error)
 

Head and neck ............................. 0.8 (0.2) † 6.2 (0.4) 5.8 (0.5) 3.0 (0.3) 
 

Torso or spine and back ....................... 2.1 (0.3) 9.9 (0.6) 0.5 (0.1) 3.9 (0.4) 1.6 (0.2) 
 

Upper extremity............................. 6.7 (0.4) 7.2 (0.5) 6.9 (0.4) 5.6 (0.4) 2.8 (0.3) 
 

Lower extremity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 (0.4) 13.1 (0.6) 2.8 (0.3) 7.9 (0.5) 2.0 (0.3) 
 

Unclassifiable by site ......................... *0.1 (0.0) 0.7 (0.1) † 0.3 (0.1) 4.3 (0.4) 
 

2000–2003
 

Head and neck ............................. 0.8 (0.1) † 6.2 (0.3) 2.7 (0.2) 7.1 (0.3) 
 

Torso or spine or back ........................ 1.8 (0.2) 7.1 (0.4) 0.1 (0.0) 2.1 (0.2) 6.2 (0.3) 
 

Upper extremity............................. 7.9 (0.3) 4.4 (0.2) 7.2 (0.3) 2.9 (0.2) 7.1 (0.3) 
 

Lower extremity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 (0.3) 9.0 (0.3) 3.1 (0.2) 3.6 (0.3) 6.2 (0.3) 
 

Unclassifiable by site ......................... † 0.9 (0.1) *0.1 (0.0) 0.6 (0.1) 7.0 (0.3) 
 

1997–1999
 

Head and neck ............................. 0.8 (0.1) – 8.3 (0.3) 3.4 (0.2) 5.4 (0.2) 
 

Torso or spine and back ....................... 2.2 (0.2) 10.0 (0.4) 0.3 (0.1) 2.8 (0.2) 5.1 (0.2) 
 

Upper extremity............................. 7.2 (0.3) 5.6 (0.2) 7.5 (0.3) 3.3 (0.2) 5.7 (0.3) 
 

Lower extremity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 (0.3) 10.2 (0.3) 3.1 (0.2) 4.6 (0.2) 4.2 (0.2) 
 

Unclassifiable by site ......................... † 0.6 (0.1) *0.1 (0.0) 0.5 (0.1) 3.1 (0.2) 
 

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.
 

1

Injury condition is a departure from a state of physical well-being (e.g., fractured femur, low back strain) due to injury or poisoning episode (e.g., fall). See Appendix I, ‘‘Injury condition.’’ In the years
 

1997–1999, up to four conditions could be reported for a single injury episode but no conditions were reported for poisoning. In the years 2000–2003 up to four injury and poisoning conditions could be

reported. In the years 2004–2007, up to eight injury and poisoning conditions could be reported.

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
Page 26 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 6. Percent distribution of body regions of the injury conditions, by sex and age for the leading external causes of injury:

United States, 2004–2007

External Struck by Cut or

Body region causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

Percent of conditions1 (standard error)

Total ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 15.9 (0.7) 18.2 (1.3) 33.3 ( 2.9) 17.4 (1.7) † 6.2 (1.7)

Torso or spine and back.................... 17.9 (0.7) 16.1 (1.1) 5.8 ( 1.2) 35.0 (2.2) 35.0 (2.6) 1.9 (0.6)

Upper extremity ......................... 29.3 (0.8) 25.6 (1.3) 29.0 ( 2.4) 24.0 (1.9) 21.6 (2.2) 72.9 (2.9)

Lower extremity ......................... 31.4 (0.9) 38.9 (1.6) 30.7 ( 2.7) 21.3 (1.9) 38.3 (2.6) 19.0 (2.6)

Unclassifiable by site ..................... 5.5 (0.4) 1.3 (0.3) *1.2 ( 0.5) 2.4 (0.7) 4.9 (1.2) –

Sex

Male ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 17.8 (1.1) 20.5 (2.1) 38.5 ( 4.1) 17.7 (2.1) † *6.6 (2.1)

Torso or spine and back.................... 16.7 (0.9) 17.3 (1.9) 5.4 ( 1.4) 30.2 (2.9) 36.1 (3.7) 2.2 (0.5)

Upper extremity ......................... 33.1 (1.2) 27.5 (2.1) 32.9 ( 3.3) 26.7 (2.6) 23.4 (3.4) 77.0 (3.5)

Lower extremity ......................... 26.8 (1.2) 33.8 (2.4) 22.0 ( 3.0) 22.9 (2.9) 35.8 (3.6) 14.2 (2.9)

Unclassifiable by site .................... 5.5 (0.6) *0.9 (0.4) *1.2 ( 0.6) *2.4 (1.0) *4.5 (1.4) –

Female ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 13.9 (0.9) 16.5 (1.5) 25.3 ( 3.4) 17.0 (2.6) † †

Torso or spine and back.................... 19.2 (1.0) 15.3 (1.4) *6.4 ( 2.0) 39.6 (3.2) 33.8 (3.9) †

Upper extremity ......................... 25.3 (1.1) 24.3 (1.5) 23.0 ( 3.3) 21.4 (2.7) 19.6 (2.8) 64.9 (5.6)

Lower extremity ......................... 36.1 (1.3) 42.4 (2.0) 44.1 ( 4.4) 19.6 (2.5) 40.9 (3.8) 28.4 (5.3)

Unclassifiable by site ..................... 5.4 (0.6) 1.5 (0.4) † *2.4 (0.9) *5.3 (1.8) –

Age

Under 15 years .......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 31.0 (2.1) 39.1 (3.6) 40.0 ( 4.7) 32.1 (6.3) – *16.7 (6.0)

Torso or spine and back ................... 6.1 (0.9) 4.3 (1.2) *3.8 ( 1.7) *11.6 (4.0) *16.9 (6.4) †

Upper extremity ......................... 31.2 (2.0) 33.3 (3.3) 35.1 ( 4.5) 22.3 (5.6) 24.7 (6.8) 43.0 (8.5)

Lower extremity ......................... 25.3 (1.9) 23.1 (2.8) 17.9 ( 3.8) 30.4 (7.2) 55.9 (8.8) 37.0 (8.2)

Unclassifiable by site ..................... 6.5 (1.1) † *3.2 ( 1.6) † † –

15–24 years ............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 13.3 (1.6) 13.2 (3.4) 27.5 ( 5.2) 15.4 (3.2) † †

Torso or spine and back.................... 16.5 (1.7) 15.8 (3.2) *8.4 ( 3.1) 33.4 (5.2) 17.5 (5.2) –

Upper extremity ......................... 32.7 (2.0) 26.1 (4.1) 33.2 ( 5.3) 27.3 (4.1) 27.9 (5.5) 84.5 (6.3)

Lower extremity ......................... 32.4 (2.1) 44.2 (4.8) 30.8 ( 5.5) 22.3 (4.1) 47.6 (5.9) †

Unclassifiable by site ..................... 5.1 (1.0) † – † † –

25–64 years ............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 12.3 (1.0) 11.3 (1.4) 34.5 ( 5.2) 15.8 (2.3) † *4.7 (2.1)

Torso or spine and back.................... 21.6 (1.1) 18.2 (1.9) *5.3 ( 1.7) 40.4 (2.9) 42.1 (3.3) †

Upper extremity ......................... 27.9 (1.2) 21.9 (1.8) 22.8 ( 3.5) 23.0 (2.5) 20.2 (2.9) 75.8 (3.7)

Lower extremity ......................... 32.4 (1.3) 47.0 (2.5) 36.7 ( 4.6) 17.9 (2.3) 32.6 (3.1) 17.4 (3.1)

Unclassifiable by site ..................... 5.8 (0.6) *1.6 (0.5) † *2.9 (1.0) 4.8 (1.2) –

65 years and over......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Head and neck ......................... 12.5 (1.5) 14.9 (2.0) *18.0 ( 7.4) *15.4 (4.6) – –

Torso or spine and back.................... 21.7 (1.9) 22.2 (2.3) † 29.2 (6.6) 41.7 (9.6) –

Upper extremity ......................... 27.5 (2.0) 25.3 (2.4) 31.5 ( 7.2) 24.4 (7.0) *13.2 (5.1) 87.8 (6.7)

Lower extremity ......................... 34.7 (2.3) 35.9 (3.0) 42.2 (11.3) 30.9 (5.8) 40.1 (9.5) †

Unclassifiable by site .................... 3.6 (0.8) *1.7 (0.7) – – † –

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.
 

1

Injury condition is a departure from a state of physical well-being (e.g., fractured femur, low back strain) due to injury or poisoning episode (e.g., fall). See Appendix I, ‘‘Injury condition.’’ In the years
 

2004–2007 up to eight injury and poisoning conditions could be reported.
 

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
 
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 27

Table 7. Percent distribution of the nature of the injury conditions, by sex and age for the leading external causes of injury: United States,

2004–2007

External Struck by Cut or

Nature causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

Percent of conditions1 (standard error)

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.3 (0.7) 21.5 (1.2) 21.0 (2.1) 10.8 (1.5) 7.0 ( 1.4) †

Sprain or strain ........................... 31.0 (0.9) 31.3 (1.4) 16.4 (2.0) 36.3 (2.4) 79.5 ( 2.1) –

Open wounds ............................ 16.4 (0.7) 12.8 (1.0) 19.3 (1.8) 11.0 (1.5) † 94.2 (1.6)

Contusions or superficial...................... 23.5 (0.8) 28.4 (1.4) 34.0 (2.5) 29.9 (2.2) *2.1 ( 0.7) *4.5 (1.4)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 (0.7) 6.0 (0.7) 9.3 (1.5) 12.0 (1.9) 11.2 ( 1.8) †

Sex

Male ................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.0 (0.9) 23.2 (2.0) 21.4 (2.7) 14.6 (2.5) 6.8 ( 1.7) †

Sprain or strain ........................... 28.0 (1.3) 29.6 (2.3) 13.7 (2.2) 30.1 (3.0) 84.1 ( 2.3) –

Open wounds ............................ 20.9 (1.0) 17.2 (1.8) 23.4 (2.6) 12.3 (2.2) † 92.9 (2.1)

Contusions or superficial...................... 20.9 (1.1) 23.9 (2.2) 32.9 (3.1) 30.6 (3.0) † *5.8 (2.0)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 (1.0) 6.0 (1.1) 8.4 (1.9) 12.3 (2.7) 7.6 ( 1.9) †

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 (0.9) 20.4 (1.5) 20.3 (3.3) 6.9 (1.5) *7.3 ( 2.4) †

Sprain or strain ........................... 34.0 (1.2) 32.4 (1.7) 20.5 (3.6) 42.4 (3.5) 74.6 ( 3.5) –

Open wounds ............................ 11.8 (0.8) 9.7 (1.1) 12.8 (2.5) 9.7 (2.1) † 96.6 (2.2)

Contusions or superficial...................... 26.1 (1.2) 31.5 (1.8) 35.7 (4.1) 29.2 (3.2) *2.9 ( 1.3) †

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.5 (1.0) 6.0 (1.0) 10.7 (2.4) 11.8 (2.8) †

Age

Under 15 years ............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 (1.5) 24.2 (2.7) 26.0 (4.3) *11.9 (3.7) *8.0 ( 3.9) –

Sprain or strain ........................... 19.5 (1.6) 20.1 (2.5) 15.7 (3.3) *20.4 (6.2) 71.9 ( 6.9) –

Open wounds ............................ 23.7 (1.7) 27.4 (2.9) 21.2 (3.6) 23.0 (5.7) – 91.7 (3.9)

Contusions or superficial...................... 22.2 (1.8) 22.4 (3.0) 27.9 (4.2) 34.8 (7.5) † †

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 (1.8) 6.0 (1.6) *9.1 (2.9) † *14.6 ( 5.9) †

15–24 years ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.9 (1.6) 20.0 (3.5) 23.0 (4.9) *7.7 (2.3) *6.5 ( 2.7) †

Sprain or strain ........................... 33.9 (2.0) 41.1 (4.0) 18.3 (4.0) 34.8 (4.5) 76.2 ( 5.2) –

Open wounds ............................ 15.1 (1.6) 13.1 (3.5) 16.8 (3.3) 11.6 (2.9) – 97.4 (2.5)

Contusions or superficial...................... 19.0 (1.7) 15.5 (2.9) 27.1 (4.7) 34.8 (4.4) † –

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.2 (1.8) 10.2 (2.9) 14.9 (3.9) 11.1 (3.2) *14.9 ( 5.0) –

25–64 years ............................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.3 (0.8) 18.2 (1.7) 17.3 (2.8) 11.7 (2.2) *4.1 ( 1.3) †

Sprain or strain ........................... 36.9 (1.4) 41.1 (2.3) 17.7 (3.3) 38.9 (3.3) 84.5 ( 2.3) –

Open wounds ............................ 15.2 (0.9) 6.5 (1.0) 20.7 (3.1) 7.8 (1.8) † 95.2 (2.0)

Contusions or superficial...................... 21.9 (1.2) 27.9 (2.3) 36.6 (3.5) 27.5 (2.8) † *4.1 (1.9)

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.8 (1.0) 6.3 (1.1) 7.6 (1.8) 14.2 (3.0) 9.9 ( 2.0) †

65 years and over ........................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Fractures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 (2.0) 25.7 (2.6) *18.7 (7.8) *10.7 (4.8) *30.2 (10.5) †

Sprain or strain ........................... 21.5 (2.1) 19.9 (2.6) † 42.2 (7.3) 57.0 (10.3) –

Open wounds ............................ 13.2 (1.5) 11.3 (1.7) † *17.2 (7.1) – 84.5 (8.0)

Contusions or superficial...................... 35.8 (2.3) 39.5 (2.9) 64.0 (10.5) 28.1 (7.1) † †

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 (1.2) 3.7 (1.1) † † † –

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.
 

– Quantity zero.
 

1

Injury condition is a departure from a state of physical well-being (e.g., fractured femur, low back strain) due to injury or poisoning episode (e.g., fall). See Appendix I, ‘‘Injury condition.’’ In the years
 

2004–2007 up to eight injury and poisoning conditions could be reported.
 

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
 
Page 28 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 8. Percent distribution of place of occurrence of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury: United States,

2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999

External Struck by Cut or

Place of occurrence of episode causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

2004–2007 Percent of episodes (standard error)

Both sexes .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................ 28.7 (0.9) 35.4 (1.6) 30.3 (2.5) *1.2 (0.6) 22.0 (2.2) 37.9 (3.3)

Home (outside) ................................ 18.8 (0.8) 23.4 (1.3) 11.9 (1.7) 12.6 (1.9) 18.0 (2.1) 20.9 (2.7)

School, child care center, or preschool ................. 7.0 (0.5) 6.9 (0.8) 13.5 (1.9) † 9.7 (1.5) †

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 2.1 (0.3) 2.5 (0.5) † – *4.5 (1.6) *1.4 (0.7)

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 12.0 (0.7) 6.7 (0.8) *3.0 (1.1) 68.8 (2.8) 3.5 (0.9) *2.4 (1.1)

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 13.5 (0.7) 12.2 (1.1) 21.0 (2.2) 8.8 (1.7) 19.1 (2.1) 4.6 (1.3)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 5.2 (0.5) 2.2 (0.4) 5.7 (1.4) † 7.8 (1.5) 10.8 (2.3)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 4.2 (0.4) 3.6 (0.6) 3.0 (0.9) *2.9 (1.3) 6.3 (1.2) 7.5 (1.7)

Other public building ............................. 2.3 (0.3) 2.8 (0.6) *2.2 (0.7) † 2.9 (0.8) *3.8 (1.5)

Other places, not specified ......................... 6.2 (0.4) 4.4 (0.6) 8.6 (1.6) 4.2 (1.2) 6.3 (1.2) 9.1 (1.9)

Male ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 21.0 (1.1) 27.2 (2.3) 18.2 (2.5) † 15.9 (2.5) 28.6 (3.9)

Home (outside) ................................ 20.5 (1.1) 25.3 (2.1) 13.9 (2.5) 15.5 (3.0) 19.2 (3.0) 26.6 (3.7)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 7.1 (0.7) 6.7 (1.2) 14.5 (2.4) – 8.9 (1.8) †

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 1.1 (0.3) *1.2 (0.5) – – † †

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 11.3 (0.9) 6.2 (1.2) *4.4 (1.8) 63.2 (4.1) *3.8 (1.3) †

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 16.6 (1.1) 17.1 (2.0) 26.4 (3.1) 12.1 (2.9) 19.7 (2.7) *5.5 (1.9)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 8.8 (0.8) 3.9 (0.9) 9.4 (2.2) – 13.4 (2.6) 15.6 (3.4)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 4.1 (0.6) 4.2 (1.0) *2.4 (1.0) † 6.7 (1.9) 6.9 (2.0)

Other public building ............................. 2.0 (0.4) *2.4 (0.8) *2.0 (0.8) † *3.2 (1.2) †

Other places, not specified ......................... 7.4 (0.7) 5.9 (1.1) 8.9 (2.1) *6.4 (2.0) 7.1 (1.7) 9.8 (2.4)

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 37.4 (1.4) 41.9 (2.1) 48.9 (4.3) † 28.7 (3.6) 56.3 (5.7)

Home (outside) ................................ 16.8 (1.1) 22.0 (1.8) 8.9 (2.0) 9.2 (2.3) 16.8 (3.0) *9.8 (3.1)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 6.9 (0.7) 7.1 (1.0) 12.0 (2.8) † 10.6 (2.3) †

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 3.3 (0.6) 3.5 (0.7) † – *7.0 (3.0) †

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 12.7 (0.9) 7.0 (1.0) † 75.1 (3.7) *3.2 (1.4) †

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 10.0 (0.9) 8.4 (1.2) 12.8 (3.1) *5.1 (1.8) 18.4 (3.2) †

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 1.2 (0.3) *0.8 (0.4) – † *1.7 (0.8) †

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 4.3 (0.5) 3.1 (0.7) *4.1 (1.6) † 5.8 (1.6) *8.7 (3.1)

Other public building ............................. 2.6 (0.5) 3.1 (0.8) *2.5 (1.1) – *2.5 (1.1) †

Other places, not specified ......................... 4.9 (0.6) 3.2 (0.7) 8.1 (2.4) † *5.3 (1.7) *7.8 (3.2)

See footnotes and at end of table.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 29

Table 8. Percent distribution of place of occurrence of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury: United States,

2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999—Con.

External Struck by Cut or

Place of occurrence of episode causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

2000–2003 Percent of episodes (standard error)

Both sexes .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 24.5 (0.5) 31.4 (1.0) 20.2 (1.2) *0.9 (0.3) 16.3 (1.2) 39.1 (2.2)

Home (outside) ................................ 18.8 (0.5) 24.7 (1.1) 13.3 (1.1) 11.5 (1.1) 16.5 (1.3) 23.0 (1.9)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 6.7 (0.3) 6.9 (0.5) 16.1 (1.1) *0.6 (0.2) 7.7 (0.9) 2.5 (0.6)

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 1.8 (0.2) 1.9 (0.3) 1.0 (0.3) † 4.7 (0.7) *1.4 (0.5)

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 15.7 (0.5) 7.7 (0.6) 4.1 (0.8) 72.0 (1.5) 5.6 (0.8) *1.1 (0.5)

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 13.3 (0.5) 10.6 (0.7) 30.0 (1.5) 8.8 (0.9) 17.6 (1.3) 3.7 (0.8)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 5.8 (0.3) 3.0 (0.4) 4.6 (0.7) 1.3 (0.3) 11.4 (1.2) 13.9 (1.5)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 4.8 (0.3) 4.6 (0.4) 3.5 (0.6) *1.3 (0.5) 7.0 (0.9) 7.5 (1.2)

Other public building ............................. 2.3 (0.2) 3.3 (0.4) 1.7 (0.4) † 3.4 (0.7) *1.1 (0.5)

Other places, not specified ......................... 6.3 (0.3) 5.8 (0.5) 5.5 (0.8) 3.0 (0.5) 9.7 (1.0) 6.7 (1.1)

Male ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 18.4 (0.7) 25.2 (1.5) 14.3 (1.3) † 12.2 (1.4) 29.4 (2.6)

Home (outside) ................................ 19.5 (0.7) 25.6 (1.7) 13.6 (1.3) 12.0 (1.4) 18.2 (1.8) 23.7 (2.3)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 7.2 (0.4) 8.2 (0.9) 16.2 (1.4) † 6.1 (1.1) 3.1 (0.9)

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 0.7 (0.1) *1.0 (0.4) † † † †

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 15.1 (0.6) 7.6 (0.9) 4.0 (0.8) 67.9 (2.0) 7.1 (1.3) †

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 16.4 (0.7) 13.7 (1.1) 34.7 (1.9) 13.3 (1.4) 18.9 (1.8) 3.8 (1.0)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 9.3 (0.5) 5.6 (0.7) 6.2 (1.0) *1.1 (0.4) 17.5 (1.8) 20.9 (2.2)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 4.6 (0.3) 3.5 (0.6) 3.6 (0.7) *1.4 (0.6) 6.6 (1.2) 7.6 (1.5)

Other public building ............................. 2.0 (0.3) 3.1 (0.7) *1.9 (0.6) – 2.9 (0.9) †

Other places, not specified ......................... 6.9 (0.4) 6.4 (0.8) 5.2 (0.9) 3.1 (0.7) 9.9 (1.4) 8.2 (1.5)

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 31.7 (0.8) 36.4 (1.4) 31.7 (2.5) *1.4 (0.5) 21.3 (2.1) 55.9 (3.7)

Home (outside) ................................ 18.0 (0.7) 23.9 (1.3) 12.7 (1.9) 10.9 (1.5) 14.5 (1.8) 21.7 (3.0)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 6.2 (0.4) 5.9 (0.7) 15.8 (2.0) *0.9 (0.4) 9.8 (1.5) †

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 3.0 (0.3) 2.6 (0.5) *1.9 (0.7) † 9.7 (1.5) *2.6 (1.2)

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 16.5 (0.7) 7.9 (0.9) *4.3 (1.5) 76.6 (2.1) 3.7 (0.9) †

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 9.6 (0.6) 8.1 (0.8) 21.0 (2.3) 3.6 (0.8) 16.0 (1.9) *3.6 (1.4)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 1.7 (0.3) 0.9 (0.3) *1.6 (0.6) *1.6 (0.6) *3.8 (1.4) †

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 5.1 (0.4) 5.5 (0.6) 3.4 (1.0) † 7.5 (1.5) 7.3 (2.0)

Other public building ............................. 2.6 (0.3) 3.4 (0.5) *1.4 (0.5) † 4.1 (1.1) †

Other places, not specified ......................... 5.6 (0.4) 5.4 (0.7) 6.2 (1.4) 2.9 (0.8) 9.5 (1.5) *4.1 (1.4)

See footnotes and at end of table.
Page 30 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 8. Percent distribution of place of occurrence of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury: United States,

2004–2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999—Con.

External

causes,

excluding Struck by Cut or

Place of occurrence of episode poisonings Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

1997–19991 Percent of episodes (standard error)

Both sexes .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................ 22.3 (0.5) 30.4 (1.0) 18.4 (1.2) † 20.4 (1.3) 35.8 (2.0)

Home (outside) ................................ 19.4 (0.5) 24.9 (0.9) 16.2 (1.1) 9.1 (0.9) 17.8 (1.2) 23.2 (1.8)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 7.0 (0.3) 7.9 (0.6) 15.6 (1.1) *0.7 (0.3) 5.8 (0.7) 3.0 (0.7)

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 2.1 (0.2) 2.0 (0.4) 1.4 (0.4) *0.5 (0.2) 4.9 (0.8) *1.4 (0.5)

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 15.8 (0.5) 6.9 (0.5) 3.8 (0.6) 77.8 (1.3) 3.9 (0.7) *1.6 (0.5)

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 12.5 (0.4) 11.0 (0.7) 26.9 (1.4) 6.3 (0.8) 12.8 (1.2) 5.5 (1.0)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 7.1 (0.4) 4.0 (0.4) 5.8 (0.7) 2.1 (0.5) 12.8 (1.1) 12.6 (1.5)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 5.7 (0.3) 5.0 (0.4) 5.6 (0.7) † 9.3 (1.1) 7.6 (1.1)

Other public building ............................. 2.9 (0.2) 3.2 (0.4) 2.6 (0.5) † 5.5 (0.7) 2.7 (0.7)

Other places, not specified ......................... 5.2 (0.3) 4.9 (0.5) 3.7 (0.6) 2.5 (0.5) 6.8 (0.9) 6.7 (1.0)

Male ........................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 16.4 (0.6) 23.4 (1.4) 11.7 (1.2) † 15.1 (1.7) 28.4 (2.4)

Home (outside) ................................ 19.8 (0.7) 24.4 (1.4) 17.8 (1.4) 11.5 (1.3) 17.9 (1.7) 24.6 (2.2)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 7.6 (0.4) 10.7 (1.0) 16.0 (1.3) *0.9 (0.4) 3.8 (0.8) 2.9 (0.8)

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 1.1 (0.2) *1.2 (0.3) *0.9 (0.3) – *1.9 (0.6) *1.3 (0.5)

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 14.7 (0.6) 5.7 (0.7) 4.8 (0.8) 72.2 (1.9) 4.5 (1.0) *1.9 (0.7)

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 15.6 (0.6) 16.3 (1.2) 29.2 (1.7) 8.6 (1.3) 15.2 (1.7) 7.0 (1.4)

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 10.9 (0.6) 7.6 (0.9) 7.7 (1.0) 2.5 (0.7) 18.5 (1.8) 15.9 (2.0)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 5.7 (0.4) 4.3 (0.7) 4.8 (0.8) † 9.9 (1.6) 8.1 (1.3)

Other public building ............................. 2.5 (0.3) 2.2 (0.5) 2.4 (0.6) † 5.1 (1.0) *2.6 (0.8)

Other places, not specified ......................... 5.6 (0.4) 4.3 (0.6) 4.7 (0.8) 2.8 (0.7) 8.0 (1.4) 7.3 (1.3)

Female. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Home (inside) ................................. 29.8 (0.8) 35.8 (1.3) 31.9 (2.3) – 27.2 (2.2) 52.6 (3.8)

Home (outside) ................................ 18.9 (0.7) 25.2 (1.2) 12.8 (1.6) 6.1 (1.0) 17.6 (1.8) 20.3 (2.9)

School, child care center, or preschool .................. 6.2 (0.4) 5.7 (0.6) 14.7 (1.9) † 8.5 (1.4) *3.1 (1.1)

Hospital or residential institution ...................... 3.3 (0.4) 2.6 (0.7) *2.6 (1.0) *1.0 (0.4) 8.8 (1.4) †

Street including highway, sidewalk, or parking lot ........... 17.1 (0.7) 7.8 (0.7) *1.9 (0.7) 84.7 (1.7) 3.2 (0.9) †

Recreation-sport facility, recreation area, lake, river, or pool ..... 8.6 (0.5) 6.9 (0.7) 22.2 (2.3) 3.4 (0.9) 9.8 (1.5) †

Commercial area-industrial, construction area, or farm ........ 2.4 (0.3) 1.2 (0.3) *1.9 (0.7) *1.5 (0.6) 5.4 (1.1) *5.1 (1.7)

Commercial-trade or service area ..................... 5.6 (0.4) 5.6 (0.6) 7.1 (1.4) † 8.4 (1.4) 6.4 (1.8)

Other public building ............................. 3.4 (0.3) 3.9 (0.5) 3.1 (0.8) † 6.1 (1.2) *3.0 (1.2)

Other places, not specified ......................... 4.7 (0.4) 5.2 (0.6) *1.8 (0.6) *2.0 (0.6) 5.1 (1.1) *5.2 (1.6)

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.

1

In the years 1997–1999, estimates for place of occurrences exclude poisoning. The respondents were not asked to report a place of occurrence for episodes of poisonings in the years 1997–1999.

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 31

Table 9. Percent distribution of activity at time of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury: United States, 2004–

2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999

External Struck by Cut or

Activity at time of episodes causes, all Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

2004–2007 Percent of episodes (standard error)

Both sexes................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 7.3 (0.6) *0.5 (0.2) † 59.8 (2.9) † †

Working at paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.8 (0.7) 9.7 (0.9) 14.4 (2.0) 3.7 (1.1) 26.8 (2.5) 28.9 (3.1)

Working around house or yard .................. 14.7 (0.7) 17.2 (1.2) 14.0 (2.0) † 17.7 (1.9) 26.6 (3.0)

Attending school........................... 2.4 (0.3) 2.7 (0.5) 6.1 (1.3) † † †

Sports and exercise......................... 16.1 (0.8) 15.2 (1.2) 25.6 (2.4) 7.7 (1.5) 25.4 (2.3) *3.4 (1.2)

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 25.2 (0.9) 30.3 (1.5) 24.8 (2.5) 20.8 (2.4) 16.3 (1.9) 19.6 (2.8)

Other activity1 ............................ 19.6 (0.8) 24.4 (1.4) 14.9 (1.9) 6.2 (1.5) 12.9 (1.9) 20.0 (2.7)

Male ................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 6.6 (0.7) *0.8 (0.4) – 53.5 (4.2) † †

Working at paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 (1.1) 12.3 (1.6) 18.7 (2.9) *5.0 (1.6) 34.1 (3.5) 36.1 (4.2)

Working around house or yard .................. 12.2 (0.9) 12.3 (1.6) 9.0 (1.9) † 15.2 (2.6) 26.3 (3.6)

Attending school........................... 2.4 (0.4) 2.7 (0.7) 6.7 (1.7) † † †

Sports and exercise......................... 20.2 (1.1) 22.3 (2.2) 31.2 (3.3) 10.6 (2.4) 26.9 (3.1) *4.1 (1.6)

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 24.3 (1.2) 31.0 (2.3) 23.9 (3.2) 25.4 (3.6) 13.9 (2.5) 16.7 (3.0)

Other activity1 ............................ 14.7 (1.0) 18.7 (1.9) 10.5 (1.9) *4.2 (2.0) 9.0 (2.2) 15.6 (3.1)

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 8.0 (0.7) † † 66.9 (3.6) – –

Working at paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 (0.8) 7.6 (1.1) 7.8 (2.1) *2.2 (1.0) 18.9 (3.4) 14.7 (4.0)

Working around house or yard .................. 17.5 (1.1) 21.1 (1.8) 21.6 (3.9) † 20.4 (2.9) 27.3 (4.9)

Attending school........................... 2.4 (0.4) 2.7 (0.6) *5.3 (1.8) † † †

Sports and exercise......................... 11.4 (0.9) 9.6 (1.2) 17.1 (3.3) *4.4 (1.7) 23.8 (3.6) †

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 26.1 (1.2) 29.7 (1.9) 26.0 (3.9) 15.7 (2.8) 18.8 (2.9) 25.4 (5.0)

Other activity1 ............................ 25.1 (1.2) 28.9 (1.9) 21.7 (3.5) 8.6 (2.2) 17.1 (3.1) 28.7 (5.5)

2000–2003

Both sexes................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 10.8 (0.4) *0.4 (0.1) † 66.1 (1.5) *0.6 (0.2) †

Working at paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.9 (0.5) 10.9 (0.7) 11.7 (1.0) 3.5 (0.6) 36.2 (1.7) 26.1 (2.0)

Working around house or yard .................. 13.1 (0.4) 16.3 (0.9) 8.8 (0.9) *1.1 (0.3) 13.4 (1.2) 28.1 (2.0)

Attending school........................... 2.7 (0.2) 3.7 (0.4) 5.1 (0.7) *0.4 (0.2) 1.7 (0.4) *1.0 (0.4)

Sports and exercise......................... 14.5 (0.5) 10.8 (0.7) 38.0 (1.6) 8.8 (0.9) 20.2 (1.4) 2.1 (0.6)

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 23.0 (0.6) 30.8 (1.0) 21.8 (1.3) 13.8 (1.0) 15.9 (1.3) 19.5 (1.7)

Other activity1 ............................ 20.0 (0.5) 27.1 (1.0) 13.8 (1.1) 6.3 (0.7) 12.0 (1.1) 22.8 (1.9)

Male ................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 9.6 (0.5) † † 59.4 (2.1) † †

Working at paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.6 (0.7) 13.7 (1.1) 12.3 (1.3) 4.7 (0.9) 40.8 (2.4) 33.5 (2.7)

Working around house or yard .................. 11.3 (0.5) 13.8 (1.3) 7.1 (1.0) *0.8 (0.3) 12.0 (1.4) 23.8 (2.4)

Attending school........................... 2.8 (0.3) 3.9 (0.6) 5.2 (0.8) † *1.5 (0.6) *1.3 (0.6)

Sports and exercise......................... 18.4 (0.7) 15.6 (1.2) 43.2 (2.0) 11.7 (1.4) 20.7 (1.9) *2.4 (0.8)

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 22.0 (0.7) 30.8 (1.5) 19.3 (1.5) 16.7 (1.5) 14.7 (1.7) 20.1 (2.2)

Other activity1 ............................ 16.2 (0.6) 21.9 (1.4) 12.5 (1.3) 6.0 (1.0) 9.6 (1.3) 18.4 (2.2)

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 12.2 (0.6) *0.4 (0.2) † 73.8 (2.1) † †

Working at paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 (0.6) 8.6 (0.9) 10.7 (1.7) *2.1 (0.7) 30.6 (2.5) 13.2 (2.5)

Working around house or yard .................. 15.3 (0.7) 18.4 (1.1) 12.3 (1.8) *1.3 (0.6) 15.2 (1.8) 35.4 (3.4)

Attending school........................... 2.6 (0.3) 3.5 (0.5) 5.0 (1.0) † *1.9 (0.6) †

Sports and exercise......................... 10.0 (0.6) 6.9 (0.8) 27.8 (2.4) 5.5 (1.0) 19.6 (2.1) †

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 24.1 (0.8) 30.8 (1.4) 26.5 (2.5) 10.4 (1.3) 17.4 (2.2) 18.5 (2.8)

Other activity1 ............................ 24.3 (0.8) 31.3 (1.4) 16.3 (2.0) 6.7 (1.1) 14.9 (1.9) 30.4 (3.3)

See footnotes and at end of table.
Page 32 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 9. Percent distribution of activity at time of injury episodes, by sex for the leading external causes of injury: United States, 2004–

2007, 2000–2003, and 1997–1999

External

causes,

excluding Struck by Cut or

Activity at time of episodes poisonings Fall or against Transportation Overexertion pierce

1997–19992 Percent of episodes (standard error)

Both sexes................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 8.5 (0.4) † † 55.5 (1.6) *1.1 (0.3) †

Working at paid job ......................... 18.0 (0.5) 11.5 (0.7) 15.0 (1.1) 3.6 (0.6) 37.4 (1.6) 26.2 (1.8)

Working around house or yard .................. 11.2 (0.4) 13.1 (0.7) 8.4 (0.8) *0.6 (0.2) 16.5 (1.2) 21.4 (1.8)

Attending school........................... 2.7 (0.2) 3.5 (0.4) 4.4 (0.6) *1.2 (0.4) *1.2 (0.4) 1.5 (0.4)

Sports and exercise......................... 13.7 (0.4) 11.0 (0.7) 35.3 (1.5) 6.7 (0.9) 13.4 (1.2) 2.1 (0.6)

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 22.2 (0.5) 29.1 (0.9) 19.9 (1.1) 18.8 (1.3) 13.2 (1.1) 20.6 (1.8)

Other activity1 ............................ 23.7 (0.6) 31.6 (1.0) 16.7 (1.2) 13.6 (1.1) 17.2 (1.2) 28.2 (1.9)

Male ................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 7.8 (0.4) † † 49.8 (2.1) *1.7 (0.6) –

Working at paid job ......................... 22.3 (0.7) 15.2 (1.1) 16.5 (1.4) 4.8 (0.9) 42.8 (2.3) 30.4 (2.2)

Working around house or yard .................. 9.1 (0.5) 9.2 (0.9) 5.9 (0.9) *0.9 (0.3) 13.4 (1.6) 19.4 (2.1)

Attending school........................... 2.8 (0.3) 4.5 (0.7) 4.6 (0.7) *0.8 (0.4) † *1.3 (0.5)

Sports and exercise......................... 17.3 (0.6) 17.1 (1.2) 38.5 (1.8) 9.5 (1.4) 15.9 (1.8) 2.6 (0.8)

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 21.8 (0.7) 28.9 (1.5) 19.2 (1.4) 22.1 (1.7) 13.0 (1.5) 21.6 (2.2)

Other activity1 ............................ 18.9 (0.6) 25.1 (1.4) 15.0 (1.3) 12.2 (1.3) 12.9 (1.5) 24.7 (2.2)

Female .................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle................ 9.4 (0.5) † – 62.6 (2.3) † †

Working at paid job ......................... 12.6 (0.6) 8.7 (0.8) 12.1 (1.7) *2.1 (0.7) 30.5 (2.3) 16.5 (2.8)

Working around house or yard .................. 13.8 (0.6) 16.1 (1.0) 13.6 (1.6) † 20.5 (2.0) 25.9 (3.3)

Attending school........................... 2.7 (0.3) 2.8 (0.4) 4.1 (1.0) *1.6 (0.6) *2.1 (0.8) *1.9 (0.9)

Sports and exercise......................... 9.1 (0.6) 6.4 (0.7) 28.9 (2.5) 3.3 (0.9) 10.2 (1.5) †

Leisure activities (excluding sports) ............... 22.7 (0.8) 29.3 (1.2) 21.2 (2.0) 14.7 (1.7) 13.6 (1.7) 18.2 (2.9)

Other activity1 ............................ 29.7 (0.9) 36.7 (1.3) 20.1 (2.1) 15.4 (1.7) 22.7 (2.1) 36.2 (3.5)

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

†Estimates have a relative standard error greater than 50% and are not shown.

– Quantity zero.
 

1

Includes unpaid work such as housework, shopping, volunteer work, sleeping, resting, eating, drinking, cooking, hands-on care from another person, and unspecified activities.
 

2

In the years 1997–1999, estimates for place of occurrence and activity exclude poisoning as respondents were not asked to report a place of occurrence or activity for episodes of poisoning.
 

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
 
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 33

Table 10. Annualized frequencies and percentage of injury episodes resulting in hospitalization, by sex and age: United States, 1997–1999

and 2004–2007

1997–1999 2004–2007

Weighted Weighted

number of number of

episodes in Percent1 of episodes in Percent1 of

Sex and age thousands episodes (SE) thousands episodes (SE)

Both sexes

All ages ................................. 2,240 6.8 (0.3) 2,275 6.8 (0.5)

Under 15 years ........................... 212 3.0 (0.4) 214 3.1 (0.7)

15–24 years ............................. 322 5.3 (0.6) 285 4.9 (1.0)

25–64 years ............................. 1,025 6.3 (0.4) 980 6.0 (0.7)

65 years and over.......................... 682 17.9 (1.3) 796 17.2 (2.2)

Male

All ages ................................. 1,249 6.8 (0.4) 1,054 6.0 (0.6)

Under 15 years ........................... 148 3.5 (0.5) 136 3.5 (1.0)

15–24 years ............................. 181 4.7 (0.7) 167 4.4 (1.1)

25–64 years ............................. 676 7.6 (0.6) 523 6.3 (0.9)

65 years and over.......................... 243 19.7 (2.4) 227 14.0 (3.0)

Female

All ages ................................. 992 6.7 (0.4) 1,222 7.7 (0.8)

Under 15 years ........................... 64 2.3 (0.6) *78 *2.6 (0.8)

15–24 years ............................. 141 6.5 (1.1) *118 *5.8 (1.9)

25–64 years ............................. 348 4.8 (0.5) 457 5.8 (0.9)

65 years and over.......................... 439 17.1 (1.6) 569 19.0 (2.8)

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

1

Percent of episodes were based on the annualized frequencies of all medically attended injury and poisoning episodes reported in the period by age group.

NOTES: Hospitalization refers to requiring at least one overnight stay. Estimates for some sources of medical care sought in the years 2000–2003 may be artificially low due to the way the questions

were asked and therefore, are not shown for this period. Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.

Table 11. Annualized frequencies and percentage of injury episodes resulting in time lost from work or school, by sex: United States,

2004–2007

Time lost from school, 5 years and over Time lost from work, 13 years and over

Time lost

Weighted

number of

episodes in

thousands

Percent1 of

episodes (SE)

Weighted

number of

episodes in

thousands

Percent1 of

episodes (SE)

Both sexes

Any time lost ..............................

Less than 1 day ...........................

1–5 days ...............................

6 or more days............................

2,945

797

1,872

276

33.8 (1.8)

9.1 (0.9)

21.5 (1.6)

3.2 (0.6)

7,794

1,307

4,001

2,485

49.7 (1.5)

8.3 (0.8)

25.5 (1.3)

15.8 (1.1)

Male

Any time lost ..............................

Less than 1 day ...........................

1–5 days ...............................

6 or more days............................

1,682

517

1,046

*120

33.4 (2.3)

10.3 (1.3)

20.8 (2.1)

*2.4 (0.8)

4,805

922

2,320

1,563

51.1 (1.9)

9.8 (1.2)

24.7 (1.6)

16.6 (1.4)

Female

Any time lost ..............................

Less than 1 day ...........................

1–5 days ...............................

6 or more days............................

1,263

280

826

156

34.4 (2.6)

7.6 (1.3)

22.5 (2.2)

4.3 (1.1)

2,989

385

1,682

922

47.6 (2.3)

6.1 (1.0)

26.7 (2.0)

14.7 (1.6)

* Estimates have a relative standard error of greater than 30% and less than or equal to 50% and should be used with caution as they do not meet the standards of reliability or precision.

1

Percent of injury episodes among those attending school for time lost from school and those employed for time lost from work.

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
Page 34 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table 12. Annualized frequencies and percentage of injury episodes, by sources of medical care: United States, 2004–2007

Weighted number

of episodes Percent1 of

in thousands episodes (SE)

All episodes ............................................. 33,344 100.0
 

All sources of medical care2
 

Hospitalized overnight ....................................... 2,287 6.8 (0.5) 
 

Emergency vehicle or emergency room ............................ 18,609 55.6 (1.0) 
 

Doctor’s office or clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,654 70.6 (0.9) 
 

Call to medical professional or poison control center .................... 11,319 33.8 (1.0) 
 

Any place else. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,618 10.8 (0.6) 
 

Source of medical care as selected by hierarchy3
 

Hospitalized overnight ....................................... 2,287 6.8 (0.5) 
 

Emergency vehicle or emergency room ............................ 16,511 49.3 (1.0) 
 

Doctor’s office or clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,021 38.9 (0.9) 
 

Call to medical professional or poison control center .................... 875 2.6 (0.3) 
 

Any place else. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 1.9 (0.3) 
 

Source of medical care when only one source mentioned4
 

Hospitalized overnight only .................................... † †
 

Emergency vehicle or emergency room only ......................... 6,115 18.3 (0.8) 
 

Doctor’s office or clinic only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,828 23.4 (0.8) 
 

Call to medical professional or poison control center only ................. 752 2.2 (0.3) 
 

Any place else only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 1.9 (0.3) 
 

†Estimates with a relative standard error greater than 50% are indicated with a dagger, but are not shown.
 

1

Percent of injury and poisoning episodes calculated in the table were based on the annualized frequencies of all medically attended injury and poisoning episodes reported in the years 2004–2007.
 

2

Respondents were asked to report each source of medical care received. For some episodes, multiple sources of medical care were mentioned. The number of times care was received from each
 

source is unknown.
 

3

Classification of sources of medical care is based on a hierarchy of mutually exclusive categories. Episodes were assigned to the first category in the hierarchy as follows: hospitalized overnight,
 

emergency vehicle or emergency room, doctor’s office or clinic, call to medical professional or poison control center, any place else. The average annualized number of medically attended injury and
 

poisoning episodes in the years 2004–2007 was 33,344 thousand.
 

4

Source of medical care when only one source was mentioned are included. The average annualized number of episodes in which only one source was mentioned in 2004–2007 was 15,345 thousand.
 

NOTE: Further information on terms used in tables can be found in Appendix I.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 35

Appendix I
 

Definition of Selected

Terms

The following section defines some

of the terms used in this report.

Additional information is available in

the ‘‘Definitions and Methods’’ appendix

of Injury in the United States: 2007

Chartbook and in the ‘‘Definitions and

Methods’’ appendix of Health, United

States, 2008 (3,28).

Activity—An activity describes what

the injured person was doing when the

injury occurred. Categories include

driving or riding in a motor vehicle,

working at paid job, working around

house or yard, attending school, sports,

leisure activities (excluding sports), and

other (Table I). Up to two activities can

be reported for the same episode. Only

the first mentioned activity was included

in this report.

Age—The age recorded for each

person is the age at the last birthday.

Age is recorded in single years and

grouped using a variety of age

categories depending on the purpose of

the table.

Age adjustment—Age adjustment is

used to compare rates for two or more

populations at one point in time or one

population at two or more points in

time. Age-adjusted rates are computed

by the direct method of applying

age-specific rates in a population of

interest to a standardized age

distribution to eliminate differences in

observed rates that result from age

differences in population composition.

Age-adjusted rates should be viewed as

relative indexes rather than actual

measures of risk. Age-adjusted rates for

two different outcome measures at the

same point in time should not be

compared. Age-adjusted rates (R’) are

calculated by the direct method of

applying unrounded age-specific rates

(R’) to the U.S. standard population

(wi

):

R’=�wi

Ri i

Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000

U.S. standard population (29).

Adjustment is based on six age groups

as shown below with their

corresponding standard population

(Table II).

Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix

(Barell Matrix)—The matrix is a

two-dimensional array of International

Classification of Diseases, Ninth

Revision, Clinical Modification

(ICD–9–CM) diagnosis codes for injury

(updated as of 2002) grouped by body

region and nature of the injury. This

matrix provides a standard format for

reporting injury data. For more

information, refer to http://www.cdc.gov/

nchs/injury/ice/barellmatrix.htm and the

Injury Surveillance Workgroup Consesus

Recommendations (20,30). See related

Body region, Injury condition, Nature of

injury.

Body region—‘‘Body region’’ refers

to one of the two dimensions of the

Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix. This

dimension classifies the part of the body

that was injured and is based on

ICD–9–CM codes in the Barell Matrix.

For a detailed listing of the body

regions see Table I in Injury in the

United States: 2007 Chartbook (3). See

related Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix

(Barell Matrix), Injury condition, Nature

of injury.

Education—Beginning in 1997, the

NHIS questionnaire was changed to ask

‘‘What is the highest level of school

[_____] has completed or the highest

degree received?’’ Responses were used

to categorize adults according to

educational credentials (i.e., no high

school diploma or general educational

development (GED) high school

equivalency diploma, high school

diploma or GED, some college, no

bachelor’s degree, or bachelor’s degree

or higher). Education is shown only for

persons aged 25 years and over.

Estimates are age adjusted to the 2000

U.S. standard population using four age

groups: 25–44 years, 45–64 years,

65–74 years, and 75 years and over.

External causes of injury—The

external cause of injury is used for

classifying the circumstances in which

injuries occur. The external cause is

comprised of two axes, the mechanism

or cause (e.g., firearm or motor vehicle)

and the manner or intent (e.g., homicide

or suicide). See related External cause

of injury matrix.

External cause of injury matrix—

The matrix is a two-dimensional array

describing both the mechanism or

external cause of the injury (e.g., fall,

cut, or struck) and the manner or intent

Table I. Predefined response list for activity at time of injury, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X – – – – – – – – –
 

Driving or riding in a motor vehicle ............................. – – X X X X X X X X X
 

Working at paid job ...................................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Working around the house or yard ............................. X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Attending school ........................................ X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Unpaid work (including housework, shopping, volunteer work)............ – X X X X X X X X X X
 

Unpaid work (such as volunteer work) .......................... X X X X – – – – – – –
 

Sports (organized team or individual sport such as running, biking, skating) . . . X X X X X X X – – – –
 

Sports and exercise ...................................... – – – – – – – X X X X
 

Leisure activity (excluding sports) ............................. X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Sleeping, resting, eating, drinking.............................. X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Cooking ............................................. X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Being cared for (hands on care from other person) .................. X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X – – – –
 

Other, please specify ..................................... – – – – – – – X X X X
 

X Category in response list.

– Category not in response list.
Page 36 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table II. 2000 United States standard population, by age group adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard

Age group Population

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274,633,642

Under 15 years ......................................

15–24 years ........................................

25–44 years ........................................

45–64 years ........................................

65–74 years ........................................

75 years and older ....................................

58,963,139

38,076,743

81,892,622

60,991,658

18,135,514

16,573,966

of the injury (e.g., unintentional or

accidental, suicide or self inflicted, or

homicide or assault). For more

information, see http://www.cdc.gov/

nchs/injury/injury_tools.htm. In this

report the matrix is used to classify the

cause of the injury (e.g., fall, cut, or

struck) using ICD–9–CM codes. Some

of the external causes in the matrix have

been combined. For example,

Transportation includes all injury

episodes involving motor vehicles,

bicycles, motorcycles, pedestrians,

trains, boats, and airplanes. The category

Other includes fire, burn, or scald

related episodes, animal or insect bites,

machinery accidents, and other but not

specified episodes. The category

Poisoning excludes food poisoning and

allergic reactions. Thus, the category All

External Causes includes fall, struck by

or against a person or an object,

transportation, overexertion, cuttingpiercing instruments, poisoning, and

other (as defined above). For a detailed

listing of the codes used to classify

external causes see Table V in Injury in

the United States: 2007 Chartbook (3).

Family income—In NHIS, all

people within a household related to

each other by blood, marriage, or

adoption constitute a family. Each

member of a family is classified

according to the total income of the

family. Unrelated individuals are

classified according to their own

income. Starting in 1997, NHIS

collected family income data for the

calendar year prior to the interview

(e.g., 2005 family income data were

based on calendar year 2004

information). Family income includes

wages, salaries, rent from properties,

interest, dividends, profits and fees from

their own businesses, pensions, and help

from relatives. Family income was

missing for 24–34% of persons in the

years 1997–2006 and 33% of persons in

2007. Multiple imputations of family

income were performed for families

with missing income data for survey

years 1997 and beyond, with five sets of

imputed values created to allow for the

assessment of variability caused by

imputation. A detailed description of the

multiple imputation procedure, as well

as data files for 1997 and beyond, is

available for each year on the ‘‘Imputed

Income Files’’ pages at http://

www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. Additional

information is available on the NHIS

website at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/

nhis/tecdoc.pdf (31). Reported and

imputed family incomes were used to

calculate Poverty status. See related

Poverty status.

Health insurance coverage—

Classification of health insurance

coverage is for coverage at the time of

the NHIS interview and is based on a

hierarchy of mutually exclusive

categories. Persons with more than one

type of health insurance were assigned

to the first appropriate category in the

hierarchy. Persons aged 65 years and

over were not included due to the

prominence of Medicare coverage in the

older population. The category Private

includes persons who had any type of

private coverage either alone or in

combination with other coverage. The

category Medicaid includes persons who

do not have private coverage, but who

have Medicaid or other state-sponsored

health plans, including SCHIP. The

category Uninsured includes persons

who had no coverage as well as those

who had only Indian Health Service

coverage or had only a private plan that

paid for one type of service such as

accidents or dental care. Estimates by

health insurance coverage are age

population using four age groups: under

15 years, 15–24 years, 25–44 years, and

45–64 years. Beginning in the third

quarter of 2004, additional questions

were added to the NHIS insurance

section to reduce potential errors in

reporting of Medicare and Medicaid

status. Persons under 65 years with no

reported coverage were asked explicitly

about Medicaid coverage.

Hispanic or Latino origin and

race—Persons of Hispanic or Latino

origin may be of any race or

combination of races. Similarly, the

category ‘‘Not Hispanic or Latino’’

refers to all persons who are not of

Hispanic or Latino origin, regardless of

race.

ICD–9–CM—The International

Classification of Diseases, Ninth

Revision, Clinical Modification

(ICD–9–CM) is based on the World

Health Organization’s Ninth Revision,

International Classification of Diseases

(ICD–9). The United States currently

uses ICD–9–CM to code morbidity

diagnoses and inpatient procedures.

ICD–9–CM consists of three volumes:

Volumes 1 and 2 contain the diagnosis

tabular list and index while Volume 3

contains the procedure classification

(tabular list and index combined).

ICD–9–CM is divided into 17

chapters and 2 supplemental

classifications. The chapters are

arranged primarily by body system. The

injuries chapter is arranged by nature of

injury rather than by body region of

injury. One of the two supplemental

classifications is external causes of

injury and poisoning (E Codes).

ICD–9–CM is used for coding the

respondent’s verbatim responses in

NHIS.

Injury—According to the Injury

Surveillance Guidelines (32), an injury

is the physical damage that results when

a human body is suddenly or briefly

subjected to intolerable levels of energy.

Injury can be a bodily lesion resulting

from acute exposure to energy in

amounts that exceed the threshold of

physiological tolerance, or it can be an

impairment of function resulting from a

lack of one or more vital elements (i.e.,

air, water, or warmth), as in

strangulation, drowning, or freezing. The
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 37

time between exposure to the energy

and the appearance of an injury is short.

The energy causing an injury may

be one of the following: mechanical

(e.g., an impact with a moving or

stationary object, such as a surface,

knife, or vehicle); radiant (e.g., a

blinding light or a shock wave from an

explosion); thermal (e.g., air or water

that is too hot or too cold); electrical; or

chemical (e.g., a poison or an

intoxicating or mind-altering substance

such as alcohol or a drug).

In other words, injuries are the

acute, physical conditions listed in

Chapter XIX, ‘‘Injury, poisoning, and

certain other consequences of external

causes’’ and the circumstances under

which they were caused as defined in

Chapter XX, ‘‘External causes of

morbidity and mortality’’ in ICD–10.

Whereas the above definition of an

injury includes drowning (lack of

oxygen), hypothermia (lack of heat),

strangulation (lack of oxygen),

decompression sickness or ‘‘the bends’’

(excess nitrogen compounds), and

poisonings (by toxic substances), it does

not include conditions that result from

continual stress, such as carpal tunnel

syndrome, chronic back pain, and

poisoning due to infections. Mental

disorders and chronic disability,

although these may be eventual

consequences of physical injury, are also

excluded by the above definition. Also

excluded from the definition of injury

by international consensus are

complications of medical or surgical

care and adverse events.

Injury condition—An injury

condition is a departure from a state of

physical well-being due to an injury

episode. Each condition was reported by

the respondent when asked to describe

the nature of the injury that resulted

from the injury episode. Injury

conditions are self-reported and are

ideally medical diagnoses. From 1999

through 2004, a series of open-ended

questions about the nature of injury

conditions was asked. Up to four

ICD–9–CM injury diagnosis codes in

the years 1999–2003 were assigned

based on the verbatim responses to the

questions. It was noted in review of the

verbatim responses that in some cases,

the descriptions of the injury were quite

detailed and included diagnostic detail.

However, in other cases, the injury

descriptions were barely sufficient for

ICD–9–CM coding. Beginning in 2004,

predefined response lists were also

added to eliminate some of the variation

in specificity from the open-ended

questions. For each injury episode, the

respondent can identify up to four

injured body parts by pointing to a

flashcard (Figure I). For each injured

body part, up to two types of injury

(i.e., nature of injury) can be selected

from predefined response list as follows:

Broken bone or fracture; Sprain, strain,

or twist; Cut; Scrape; Bruise; Burn;

Insect bite; Animal bite; Other, specify;

Refused; Don’t know. Up to eight codes

were assigned based on responses to

questions about the nature of the injury

conditions. Data provided in the tables

were categorized according to the Barell

body region by nature of injury

diagnosis matrix. See related Barell

Injury Diagnosis Matrix (Barell Matrix),

Body region, Nature of injury.

Injury episode—In NHIS, an injury

episode refers to the traumatic event in

which a person was injured one or more

times from an external cause (e.g., a fall

or a motor vehicle traffic accident). A

poisoning episode refers to the event

resulting from ingestion of or contact

with harmful substances, as well as

overdoses or wrong use of any drug or

medication. Only episodes that required

medical consultation were included in

NHIS. Throughout this report the term

‘‘injury episodes’’ refers to nonfatal,

medically attended injury or poisoning

episodes. From 1997 through 1999,

some information was not available for

poisoning episodes; these will be

referred to as ‘‘injury (excluding

poisoning) episodes.’’ See related

Medically attended or consulted injury.

Mechanism of injury—See External

cause of injury.

Medically attended or consulted

injury episode—Medically attended or

consulted injury episode refers to an

injury episode for which a health care

professional was contacted for advice or

treatment. This advice may be given in

a formal office setting, over the phone,

or in informal settings such as a dinner

party. Advice or treatment may be

received from a friend or relative who is

a trained medical professional. A trained

medical professional includes anyone

the respondent deems a medical

professional. Some examples may

include a medical doctor, nurse, physical

or occupational therapist, and

homoeopath.

Missing values—In the tables, all

unknown values (i.e., responses coded

as ‘‘refused,’’ ‘‘don’t know,’’ or ‘‘not

ascertained’’) with respect to each

table’s variables of interest were

removed from the denominators when

calculating percentages (or rates). In

addition, ‘‘unknown’’ is not shown as a

separate category in tables by education,

health insurance, current health status,

place of occurrence, and activity at the

time of injury. Because these unknowns

are not shown separately, users

calculating their own percentages based

on the frequencies and population

counts presented in the tables may

obtain slightly different results. To aid

users’ understanding of the data,

weighted numbers and weighted

percentages of injury and poisoning

episodes with unknowns are shown in

Table III.

MSA—See Place of residence.

Nature of injury—Nature of injury

refers to one of the two dimensions of

the Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix. This

dimension classifies the nature of injury

and is based on ICD–9–CM codes in the

Barell Matrix. For a detailed listing of

the codes used in the matrix, see Table I

in Injury in the United States: 2007

Chartbook (3). See related Barell Injury

Diagnosis Matrix (Barell Matrix), Body

region, Injury condition.

Place of occurrence—In NHIS,

place of occurrence refers to the place

where the injury occurred. Categories

include home (inside); home (outside);

school, child care center, or preschool;

hospital or residential institution; street,

highway, or parking lot; sport facility,

recreation area, lake, river, or ocean;

industrial or construction area; trade or

service area; other public building; and

other (Table IV). Only the first

mentioned place was included in the

tables for this report.

Place of residence—Place of

residence is classified in this report in

three categories: large metropolitan

statistical area (MSA) of 1,000,000 or
Page 38 [ Series 10, No. 241

Head 

Shoulder 

Elbow 

Stomach 

Wrist 

Groin 

Knee 

Lower leg 

Ankle 

Toe 

Chest Upper arm 

Back 

Forearm 

Buttocks 

Hand 

Thigh 

Foot 

Hip 

Ear 

Mouth 

Jaw 

Eye 

Nose 

Teeth 

Neck 

Finger/Thumb 

Face 

SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey, Field Representative’s Flashcard and Information Booklet. 

Figure I. National Health Interview Survey flashcard showing the predefined response list for body part injury

more persons, small MSA of less than Generally, an MSA consists of a county one urbanized area with a population of

1,000,000 persons, and not in an MSA. or group of counties containing at least 50,000 or more. In addition to the
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 39

Table III. Weighted numbers and weighted percentages of injury and poisoning episodes with unknowns, by selected characteristics:

National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

19971 19981 19991 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Characteristic Number in thousands

Education, 25 years and over .......... 201 348 177 258 263 198 211 338 183 416 164

Health insurance coverage, under 65 years . . 515 161 113 114 111 87 108 129 195 155 65

Current health status ................ 20 90 109 35 38 72 48 33 23 174 0

Place of occurrence of episode, all ....... 324 842 285 571 366 425 330 489 607 620 443

Activity at the time of episode, all ........ 342 708 242 481 272 437 343 563 678 302 636

Characteristic Percent

Education, 25 years and over .......... 0.96 1.70 0.96 1.71 1.78 1.50 1.43 1.69 0.89 1.94 0.77

Health insurance coverage, under 65 years . . 1.71 0.53 0.41 0.49 0.51 0.42 0.52 0.44 0.69 0.56 0.22

Current health status ................ 0.06 0.26 0.35 0.14 0.16 0.31 0.20 0.10 0.07 0.52 0.00

Place of occurrence of episode, all ....... 1.00 2.60 0.96 2.22 1.50 1.84 1.40 1.48 1.83 1.86 1.29

Activity at the time of episode, all ........ 1.06 2.19 0.81 1.87 1.12 1.89 1.45 1.70 2.04 0.91 1.85

1

Estimates for place of occurrence and activity exclude poisoning as respondents were not asked to report a place of occurrence or activity for episodes of poisoning.

county or counties that contain all or

part of the urbanized area, an MSA may

contain other adjacent counties that are

economically and socially integrated

with the central city. The number of

adjacent counties included in an MSA is

not limited, and boundaries may cross

state lines. OMB defines metropolitan

areas according to published standards

that are applied to U.S. Census Bureau

data. The definition of a metropolitan

area is periodically revised.

For NHIS data for 1997 through

2005, the MSA definition was based on

the 1993 OMB standards and 1990

Census data. Beginning in 2006, the

MSA definition was based on the 2003

OMB standards and 2000 Census data.

The 2003 criteria for designating MSAs

differ from the 1993 criteria in

substantial ways, including

simplification of the classification

criteria of metropolitan areas. Analysts

who compare NHIS frequencies across

this transition in OMB standards need to

recognize that some of the differences

may be due to the change in the

definitions of metropolitan areas. In the

tables for this report, place of residence

is based on variables in the in-house

Household data file indicating MSA

status and MSA size. For additional

information about metropolitan

statistical areas see the U.S. Census

Bureau website at http://www.census.

gov/population/www/estimates/

metrodef.html.

Poverty status—Poverty status is

determined by the family income, family

size, number of children in the family,

age of the adults in the family (for

families with two or fewer adults), and

by the U.S. Census Bureau’s poverty

thresholds. Reported and imputed family

income are used to calculate family

income as a percent of poverty level.

See related Family income.

Rate—A rate is a measure of some

event, disease, or condition in relation to

a unit of population, along with some

specification of time. See related Age

adjustment, Population.

Region—In the geographic

classification of the U.S. population,

Table IV. Predefined response list for places of occurrence, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Home (inside). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Home (outside) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X X X
 

School (not residential) .............................. X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Child care center or preschool ........................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Residential institution (excluding hospital).................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Health care facility (including hospital)...................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Street or highway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Sidewalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – X X X X
 

Parking lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Sport facility, athletic field, or playground .................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Trade and service areas (restaurant, store, bank, or gas station) ..... X X X X X X X – – – – 
 

Shopping center, restaurant, store, bank, gas station, or other place of
 

business ...................................... – – – – – – – X X X X
 

Farm .......................................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Park or recreation area (fields, bike or jog path). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X – – – – 
 

Park or recreation area (include bike or jog path) ............. – – – – – – – X X X X
 

River, lake, stream, or ocean............................ X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Swimming pool .................................... X X X – – – – – – –
 

Industrial or construction area ........................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Mine or quarry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X – – – – – – – –
 

Other public building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X X X X X X X X X X X
 

Other .......................................... X X X X X X X X X X X
 

X Category in response list.

– Category not in response list.
Page 40 [ Series 10, No. 241

states and the District of Columbia are

grouped into the following four regions

by the U.S. Census Bureau:

Northeast (Maine, Vermont, New

Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut,

Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey,

and Pennsylvania)

Midwest (Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,

Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,

Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota,

Kansas, and Nebraska)

South (Delaware, Maryland, District

of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia,

Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina,

South Carolina, Georgia, Florida,

Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana,

Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas)

West (Washington, Oregon,

California, Nevada, New Mexico,

Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Colorado,

Montana, Wyoming, Alaska, and

Hawaii)

Relative standard error—The

relative standard error (RSE) is a

measure of an estimate’s reliability. The

RSE of an estimate is obtained by

dividing the standard error of the

estimate SE(r) by the estimate itself (r).

This quantity is expressed as a

percentage of the estimate and is

calculated as follows:

RSE = 100 x (SE(r)/r)

Estimates with large RSEs are

considered unreliable. Estimates with

RSEs greater than 30% and less than or

equal to 50% are considered statistically

unreliable and are indicated with an

asterisk (*). Estimates with relative

standard errors greater than 50% are

indicated with a dagger (†) and are not

shown.

Rounding of estimates—Data shown

in the text are sometimes rounded to the

nearest whole number, whereas the data

tables show numbers rounded to one

decimal place. The frequencies of

episodes and conditions shown in the

data tables and appendix tables are

rounded to the nearest thousand. The

whole numbers in the text are based on

the unrounded estimates. For example, if

the data table shows 10.5, that may be

the result of an estimate of 10.476. The

whole number in the text would be 10.

The only exceptions to data tables

showing more than one decimal place

occur when the standard error (SE) is

greater than 0.0 but less than 0.5; those

SEs are shown to two decimal places.

Significance testing—When testing

the difference between two rates, R1 and

R2, the normal approximation may be

used to calculate a test statistic, Z, such

that

Z = (R1- R2)/SQRT (SE(R1)

2 + SE(R2)2

)

If | Z | ≥ 1.96, then the difference

between the rates is considered

statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

If | Z | < 1.96, then the difference is

not considered statistically significant.

Unknowns—see Missing value.
Series 10, No. 241

[ Page 41

Appendix II
 

Injury Questions,

Structure of NHIS Data

Files, Injury Variables, and

File Location by Year,

1997–2007

The NHIS Survey Questionnaires

and Survey Description Documents for

the years 1997–2007 are available on

the NHIS website at http://

www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm. The injury

section of the questionnaire, referred to

as the FIJ section, is included in the

Family Core of NHIS. TableV provides

the question wording and can be

cross-referenced with Table VI, which

shows information for locating the

variable within NHIS data files.

Structure of NHIS data files

Injury data used in this report are

provided in four data files in the years

1997–1999: the ‘‘Person’’ file, ‘‘Injury

Episode’’ file, ‘‘Poison Episode’’ file,

and the ‘‘Injury Verbatim’’ file. Data are

provided in three files in the years

2000–2007: the ‘‘Person’’ file,

‘‘Injury/Poison Episode’’ file, and the

‘‘Injury/Poison Verbatim’’ file. The

episode and verbatim files havea record

for each episode of injury reported (i.e.,

they are episode-level files).

For this report, the episode-level

files were linked to the ‘‘Person’’ file

using the household serial number,

family serial number, and person

number available on all files. It is

possible to link other NHIS files such as

the ‘‘Household’’ file and the ‘‘Family’’

file using, where appropriate, the

household serial number, family serial

number, and person number.

Detailed demographic and health

information is collected froma Sample

Adult questionnaire anda Sample Child

questionnaire. The injury specific files

can be linked to the Sample Adult file

or Sample Child file. This report

contains no statistics estimated from

data obtained during the Sample Adult

or Sample Child interviews. However,

because there is interest in the method

for doing this in the research

community, the next two paragraphs

outline the procedure for linking.

Information on the Sample Adult

file is self-reported, except in rare cases

in which the Sample Adult is physically

or mentally incapable of responding.

Information on the Sample Child file is

collected from an adult who is

knowledgeable about the child’s health.

Note that the injury section is not

re-administered in the Sample Adult or

Child interview, so the injury data may

be proxy reported by the family

respondent.

When usinga linked Injury/Poison

Episode file and Sample Adult (or

Sample Child) file, analysis should be

limited to those episodes for persons

included in the Sample Adult (or

Sample Child) file, and the Sample

Adult (or Sample Child) weight should

be applied. Estimates of injury from the

Sample Adult or Sample Child will be

different from the estimates of injury

from the Family Core. The difference

between the estimates may be related to

random error due to the sampling

variation and also systematic error due

to misreporting of proxy respondents.
Page 42 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table V. Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007

Year Question ID	 Question

Introduction to injury section and screen questions

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.010 	 Injuries are a major health problem. In order to develop new ways to help prevent both accidental and intentional injuries, we need to

know more about them. In this next set of questions, I will ask about injuries that happened in the past 3 months; Note here that we

are only interested in injuries that required medical advice or treatment. DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since , [91

days before today’s date], [were/was] [you/anyone in the family] injured seriously enough that [you/they] got medical advice or

treatment?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.010 	 In this next set of questions, I will ask about INJURIES AND POISONINGS that happened in the PAST THREE MONTHS; that

REQUIRED MEDICAL ADVICE OR TREATMENT, including calls to a poison control center.

DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [91 days before today’s date], [were/was] [you/anyone in the family] injured or

poisoned seriously enough that [you/they] got medical advice or treatment?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.010_01.000	 The next set of questions is about INJURIES AND POISONINGS. People can be injured or poisoned unexpectedly, accidentally or on

purpose. They may have hurt themselves or others may have caused them to be hurt.

DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [fill1: (date 91 days before today’s date)], [fill2: did you/did you or anyone in your

family] have an injury where any part of [fill3: your/the] body was hurt, for example, with a [fill4: (random set of injury examples)]?

See Appendix III for random set of injury examples.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.020 	 Who was this? (Anyone else?)

2000–2007 ..... FIJ.012_00.000	 Who was this? (Anyone else?)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.014_00.000	 DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, how many different times [fill: were you/was ALIAS] injured?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.016_00.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] talk to or see a medical professional about [fill2: any of these injuries/this injuries/this injury/your injury or

injuries/his injury or injuries/her injury or injuries]?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.030 	 How many different times in the past three months [were/was] [you/subject’s name] injured seriously enough to seek medical advice?

2000 ......... FIJ.030 	 How many different times in the PAST THREE MONTHS did [you/subject’s name] SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE because [you/subject’s

name] [were/was] injured or poisoned?

2001–2003 ..... FIJ.030 	 How many different times in the PAST THREE MONTHS [were/was] [you/subject’s name] injured or poisoned seriously enough to

seek medical advice or treatment?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.018_00.000	 Of [fill1: the number of times reported in question FIJ.014_00.000/all the] times that [fill2: you were/ALIAS was] injured, how many of

those times was the injury serious enough that a medical professional was consulted?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.300 	 The next questions are about POISONING, which includes coming into contact with harmful substances, and overdose or wrong use

of any drug or medication. Do not include any illnesses such as poison ivy or food poisoning. DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS,

that is since [91 days before today’s date], did [you/anyone in the family] have a poisoning that caused someone to seek medical

advice or treatment, including calls to a poison control center?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.010 	 In this next set of questions, I will ask about INJURIES AND POISONINGS that happened in the PAST THREE MONTHS; that

REQUIRED MEDICAL ADVICE OR TREATMENT, including calls to a poison control center.

DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [91 days before today’s date], [were/was] [you/anyone in the family] injured or

poisoned seriously enough that [you/they] got medical advice or treatment?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.020_00.000	 DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, that is since [fill1: (date 91 days before today’s date)], [fill2: were you/was anyone in your

family] poisoned by swallowing or breathing in a harmful substance such as bleach, carbon monoxide, or too many pills or drugs? Do

not include food poisoning, sun poisoning, or poison ivy rashes.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.310 	 Who was this? (Anyone else?)

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.020 	 Who was this? (Anyone else?)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.022_00.000	 Who was this? (Anyone else?)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.024_00.000	 DURING THE PAST THREE MONTHS, how many different times [fill: were you/was ALIAS] poisoned? Do not include food

poisoning, sun poisoning, or poison ivy rashes.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.026_00.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] talk to or see a medical professional about [fill2: any of these poisonings/this poisoning/your poisoning or

poisonings/his poisoning or poisonings/her poisoning or poisonings]?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.320 	 How many different times in the PAST THREE MONTHS [were/was] [you/subject’s name] poisoned?

2000 ......... FIJ.030 	 How many different times in the PAST THREE MONTHS did [you/subject’s name] SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE because [you/subject’s

name] [were/was] injured or poisoned?

2001–2003 ..... FIJ.030 	 How many different times in the PAST THREE MONTHS [were/was] [you/subject’s name] injured or poisoned seriously enough to

seek medical advice or treatment?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.028_00.000	 Of [fill1: the number of times reported in question FIJ.024_00.000/all the] times that [fill2: you were/ALIAS was] poisoned, how many

of those times was the poisoning serious enough that a medical professional was consulted?
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 43

Table V. Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007—Con.

Year Question ID	 Question

Date of injury

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.040 	 If only one injury: When did [subject’s name] injury happen? If more than one injury: Now I’m going to ask a few question about

[subject’s name] most recent injury. When did that injury happen? We just talked about [subject’s name’s] injury on [recent injury

date]. When did [subject’s name] injury BEFORE THAT happen?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.040 	 If only one injury/poisoning: Now I’m going to ask a few questions about [your/subject’s name] most recent injury/poisoning. When did

it happen?

If there are additional injuries/poisonings: We just talked about [your/subject’s name]’s injury/poisoning on [recent injury/poisioning

date]. When did [your/subject’s name]’s injury/poisoning BEFORE THAT happen?

2004–2007 ..... 	 FIJ.050_01.000 [If only one injury/poisoning: Now I’m going to ask a few questions about [your/subjec’s name]’s most recent injury/poisoning. When

FIJ.050_02.000 did it happen?

FIJ.050_03.000 If there are additional injuries/poisonings; We just talked about [your/subject’sname’s injury/poisoning on [recent injury/poisoing date]/

When did [your/subject’s name]’s injury/poisoning BEFORE THAT happened?

2004–2007 ..... 	 FIJ.050_01.000 [If only 1 injury/poisoning episode for the person]: When did [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: injury/poisoning] happen for which a medical

FIJ.050_02.000 professional was consulted?

FIJ.050_03.000 [first of multiple injury/poisoning episodes for the person]: Now I’m going to ask a few questions about the [fill3: the number of times

injuried/poisoned reported in question FIJ.018_00.00/FIJ.028_00.000] times [fill4: you were/ALIAS was [fill5: injuried/poisoned] for

which a medical professional was consulted. Starting with the most recent time, when did this [fill2: injury/poisoning] happen?

[second plus of multiple injury/poisoning episodes for the person]: You just told me about [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill6: (month, day of

previous event)] [fill7: most recent/second most recent/third most recent/fourth most recent] [fill2: injury/poisoning]. What was the date

of the [fill2: injury before that for which a medical professional was consulted?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.051_01.000 Can you tell me approximately how long ago [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: injury/poisoning] happened?

FIJ.051_02.000 Enter number for time since event.

Enter number for time period since event.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.052_00.000	 Was this in the beginning of [fill: month reported in question FIJ.050_01.000] the middle of [fill: month reported in question

FIJ.050_01.000], or the end of [fill: month reported in question FIJ.050.01.000]?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.330 	 If only one poisoning: When did [subject’s name] poisoning happen? If more than one poisoning: Now I’m going to ask a few

question about [subject’s name] most recent poisoning. When did that poisoning happen? We just talked about [subject’s name]

poisoning on [recent poisoning date]. When did [subject’s name] poisoning BEFORE THAT happen?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.040 	 If only one injury/poisoning: Now I’m going to ask a few questions about [your/subject’s name]’s most recent injury/poisoning. When

did it happen?

If there are additional injuries/poisonings: We just talked about [your/subject’s name]’s injury/poisoning on [recent injury/poisoning

date]. When did [your/subject’s name]’s injury/poisoning BEFORE THAT happen?

2004–2007 ..... 	 FIJ.050_01.000 [If only 1 injury/poisoning episode for the person]: When did [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: injury/poisoning] happen for which a medical

FIJ.050_02.000 professional was consulted?

FIJ.050_03.000 [first of multiple injury/poisoning episodes for the person]: Now I’m going to ask a few questions about the [fill3: the number of times

injuried/poisoned reported in question FIJ.018_00.00/FIJ.028_00.000] times [fill4: you were/ALIAS was [fill5: injuried/poisoned] for

which a medical professional was consulted. Starting with the most recent time, when did this [fill2: injury/poisoning] happen?

[second plus of multiple injury/poisoning episodes for the person]: You just told me about [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill6: (month, day of

previous event)] [fill7: most recent/second most recent/third most recent/fourth most recent] [fill2: injury/poisoning]. What was the date

of the [fill2: injury before that for which a medical professional was consulted?

Nature of injury

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.050 	 At the time of the injury, what part(s) of [subject’s name] body was hurt? What kind of injury was it? Anything else?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.050 	 At the time, what part(s) of [your/subject’s name]’s body was/were hurt? What kind of injury/poisoning was it? Anything else?

2004 ......... 	 These became separate questions that only ask about injuries. This injury information can now be found in questions

FIJ.070_00.000-FIJ.079_00.000.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.070_00.000	 In this injury, what parts of [fill: your/ALIAS’s] body were hurt? (Record up to 4 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.071_00.000	 What other parts of the body were hurt?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.072_00.000	 In what way was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: first recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question

FIJ.071_00.000] hurt? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.073_00.000	 How was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: first recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question FIJ.071_00.000] hurt?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.074_00.000	 In what way was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: first recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question

FIJ.071_00.000] hurt? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.075_00.000	 How was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: second recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question FIJ.071_00.000]

hurt?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.076_00.000	 In what way was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: third recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question

FIJ.071_00.000] hurt? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.077_00.000 How was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: third recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question FIJ.071_00.000] hurt?
Page 44 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table V. Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007—Con.

Year Question ID	 Question

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.078_00.000	 In what way was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: fourth recorded response to question FIJ.070_00.000 or response to question

FIJ.071_00.000] hurt? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.079_00.000	 How was [fill1: your/ALIAS’s] [fill2: fourth recorded response to question FIJ.070.000 or response to question FIJ.071_00.000] hurt?

Cause of injury (see also cause specific follow on questions)

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.070 	 How did [subject’s name] injury(s) happen? Please describe fully the circumstances or events leading to the injury(s), and any object,

substance, or other person involved.

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.070 	 How did [your/subject’s name]’s injury/poisoning happen? Please describe fully the circumstances or events leading to the

injury/poisoning, and any object, substance, or other person involved.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.060_00.000	 [fill1: How did [fill2: your/ALIAS’s] [fill3: injury/poisoning] on [fill4: response to questions FIJ.050_01.000 and FIJ.050_02.000] (starting

with most recent if multiple)] happen?/How did this [fill3: injury/poisoing] happen? Please describe fully the circumstances or events

leading to the [fill3: injury/poisoning], and any objects, substances, or other people involved.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.080 This is not a question. The FR is asked to select from a list the one that best describes the person’s injury.

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.080 This is not a question. The FR is asked to select from a list the one that best describes the person’s injury.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.065_00.000 This is not a question. The FR is asked to select from a list the one that best describes the person’s injury.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.340 Did [you/subject’s name] poisoning result from:

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.350 Not a question. Description of how the poisoning happened

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.195 Did [you/subject’s name] poisoning result from:

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.141_00.000 How did [fill: your/ALIAS’s] poisoning occur?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.140_00.000 What did [fill: your/ALIAS’s] poisoning result from?

Activity at time of injury

1997 ......... FIJ.200 	 What [were/was] [you/subject’s name] doing when the injury(s) happened? (Record up to 2 responses)
 

1998–1999 ..... FIJ.200 What [were/was] [you/subject’s name] doing when the injury(s) happened? (Record up to 2 responses)

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.200 What [were/was] [you/subject’s name] doing when the injury/poisoning happened? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.150_00.000 What activity [fill1: were you/was ALIAS] involved in at the time of the [fill2: injury/poisoning]? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.151_00.000 What other activity [fill1: were you/was ALIAS] involved in at the time of the [fill2: injury/poisoning]?

Place of occurrence

1997 ......... FIJ.220 Where [were/was] [you/subject’s name] when the injury(s) happened? (Record up to 2 responses)

1998–1999 ..... FIJ.220 Where [were/was] [you/subject’s name] when the injury(s) happened? (Record up to 2 responses)

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.221 Where [were/was] [you/subject’s name] when the injury/poisoning happened? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.160_00.000 Where [were/was] [you/subject’s name] when the injury/poisoning happened? (Record up to 2 responses)

Source of medical care

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.360 	 Did you or did someone else call a poison control center for advice in treating [subject’s name] poisoning?

2000–2003 ..... 	 Combined with injury question. No longer a separate question. Now included as a response category for question FIJ.045.

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.045 	 Where did [you/subject’s name] receive MEDICAL ADVICE OR TREATMENT for this injury/poisoning? Anywhere else? (Mark all that

apply)

2004 ......... 	 These became separate questions. The same information or similar information is now found in questions FIJ.080_1.000­

FIJ.081_00.00.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.080_01.000	 Did [fill: you/ALIAS] get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this poisoning from A phone call to a poison

control center?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.080_02.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]? An emergency

vehicle, such as an ambulance or fire truck?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.080_03.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]? A visit to an

emergency room?
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 45

Table V. Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007—Con.

Year Question ID	 Question

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.080_04.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]? A visit to a doctor’s

office or other health clinic?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.080_05.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]? A phone call to a

doctor, nurse, or other health care professional?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.080_06.000	 Did [fill1: you/ALIAS] get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]? Any place else?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.081_00.000 Where else did [fill1: you/ALIAS get MEDICAL ADVICE, TREATMENT, or FOLLOW-UP CARE for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.082_00.000 [fill1: You/ALIAS] DID NOT receive any medical advice, treatment, or follow-up for this [fill2: injury/poisoning]. Is that correct?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.240 [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] hospitalized for at least one night as a result of this injury/these injuries?

2000–2003 ..... No longer a separate question. Now included as a response category for question FIJ.045.

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.090_00.000 F1 [fill1: Were you/Was ALIAS] hospitalized for at least one night as a result of this [fill2: injury/poisoning]?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.250 How many nights [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in the hospital?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.047 	 How many nights [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in the hospital?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.091_00.000 How many nights [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in the hospital?
 

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.370 [Were/was] [you/subject’s name] hospitalized for at least one night as a result of the poisoning?
 

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.380 How many nights [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in the hospital?
 

2000–2003 ..... Combined with injury question. No longer a separate question. Now included as a response category for question FIJ.045.
 

2004–2007 ..... 	 Combined with injury question.

Work days lost

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.260 	 As a result of this injury/these injuries, how much work did [you/subject’s name] miss?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.400 As a result of this poisoning, how much work did [you/subject’s name] miss?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.260 As a result of this injury/poisoning, how much work did [you/subject’s name] miss?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.170_00.000 At the time of this [fill1: injury/poisoning], [fill2: were you/was ALIAS] employed full-time, part-time, or not employed?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.171_00.000 As a result of this [fill1: injury/poisoning], how many days of work did [fill2: you/ALIAS] miss?

School days lost

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.270 	 As a result of this injury/these injuries, how much school did [you/subject’s name] miss?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.410 As a result of this poisoning, how many days of school did [you/subject’s name] miss?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.270 As a result of this injury/poisoning, how much school did [you/subject’s name] miss?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.180_00.000 At the time of this [fill1: injury/poisoning], [fill2: were you/was ALIAS] a full-time student, part-time student or not a student?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.181_00.000 As a result of this [fill1: injury/poisoning], how many days of school did [fill2: you/ALIAS] miss?

Limitations in activity

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.280 	 As a result of this injury/theses injuries [do/does] [you/subject’s name] now need the help of other persons with [your/his/her] personal

care needs, such as eating, bathing, dressing or getting around this home?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.280 	 As a result of this injury/poisoning [do/does] [you/subject’s name] now need the help of other persons with [your/his/her] personal

care needs, such as eating, bathing, dressing, or getting around this home?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.285 	 Do you expect [you/subject’s name]will need this help for a total of 6 months or longer?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.285 Do you expect [you/subject’s name] will need this help for a total of 6 months or longer?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.290 	 As a result of this injury/these injuries [do/does] [you/subject’s name] now need the help of other persons in handling routine needs

such as everyday household chores, doing necessary business, shopping or getting around for other purposes?
Page 46 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table V. Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007—Con.

Year Question ID Question

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.290 As a result of this injury/poisoning [do/does] [you/subject’s name] now need the help of other persons in handling routine needs such

as everyday household chores, doing necessary business, shopping or getting around for other purposes?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.295 Do you expect [you/subject’s name] will need this help for a total of 6 months or longer?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.295 Do you expect [you/subject’s name] will need this help for a total of 6 months or longer?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

Cause specific follow on questions

Transportation related

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.109_00.000 Did this accident occur on a public highway, street, or road?
 

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.090 [Were/was] [you/subject’s name] injured as the driver of a vehicle, a passenger in a vehicle, a bicycle rider, or as a pedestrian?
 

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.090 [Were/was] [you/subject’s name injured as the driver of a vehicle, a passenger in a vehicle, a bicycle rider, or as a pedestrian?
 

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.110_00.000 [fill: Were you/Was ALIAS] injured as:
 

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.100 What type of vehicle [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in?
 

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.100 What type of vehicle [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in?
 

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.111_00.000 What type of vehicle [were/was] [you/subject’s name] in?
 

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.120 If age is greater than 4 years: [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] wearing a safety belt at the time of the accident? If age is less than 5
 

years: [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] buckled in a car safety seat at the time of the accident?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.120 If age is greater than 4 years: [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] wearing a safety belt at the time of the accident? If age is less than 5

years: [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] buckled in a car safety seat at the time of the accident?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.112_00.000 [fill: Were you/Was ALIAS] restrained at the time of the accident?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.130 [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] wearing a helmet at the time of the accident?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.130 [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] wearing a helmet at the time of the accident?

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.113_00.000 [Were/Was] [you/subject’s name] wearing a helmet at the time of the accident?

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.140 What type of vehicle [were/was] [you/subject’s name] struck by?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.140 What type of vehicle [were/was] [you/subject’s name] struck by?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

Burn related

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.150 What was it that burned/scalded [you/subject’s name]? IF RESPONSE IS FIRE OR SMOKE ASK: What caused the fire/smoke?

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.150 What was it that burned/scalded [you/subject’s name]? IF RESPONSE IS FIRE OR SMOKE ASK: What caused the fire/smoke?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

Drowning related

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.160 What body of water was involved?

2000 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

Fall related

1997 ......... FIJ.170 How did [you/subject’s name] fall? Anything else? (Record up to 2 responses)

1998–1999 ..... FIJ.170 How did [you/subject’s name]fall? Anything else? (Record up to 2 responses)

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.171 How did [you/subject’s name] fall? Anything else? (Record up to 2 responses)

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.130_00.000 How did [you/subject’s name] fall? Anything else? (Record up to 2 responses)

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.180 What caused [you/subject’s name] to fall? Was it due to:
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 47

Table V. Injury questions, by year: National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2007—Con.

Year Question ID Question

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.180 What caused [you/subject’s name] to fall? Was it due to:

2004–2007 ..... FIJ.131_00.000 What caused [you/subject’s name] to fall?

Firearm related

1997–1999 ..... FIJ.190 What kind of gun was it?

2000 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.

Animal related

2000–2003 ..... FIJ.191 What type of animal or insect bit [you/subject’s name]?

2004 ......... Question no longer included in the survey.
Page 48 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table VI. Injury variables and file locations, by year

Variable name

suggested on File location of

Year1 Question ID2 public use file3 variable4

Introduction to injury section and screen questions

1997–1999.................... FIJ.010 n/a

2000–2003.................... FIJ.010 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.010_01.000 n/a

1997–1999.................... FIJ.020 PINJ3MR Person

2000–2007.................... FIJ.012_00.000 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.014_00.000 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.016_00.000 n/a

1997–1999.................... FIJ.030 INJCT Person

2000 ....................... FIJ.030 n/a

2001–2003.................... FIJ.030 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.018_00.000 n/a

1997–1999.................... FIJ.300 n/a

2000–2003.................... FIJ.010 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.020_00.000 n/a

1997–1999.................... FIJ.310 PPOIS3MR Person

2000–2003.................... FIJ.020 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.022_00.000 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.024_00.000 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.026_00.000 n/a

1997–1999.................... FIJ.320 POICT Person

2000 ....................... FIJ.030 n/a

2001–2003.................... FIJ.030 n/a

2004–2007.................... FIJ.028_00.000 n/a

Date of injury

1997–1999.................... FIJ.040 IJDATE_M IJDATE_Y DAY Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.040 IJDATE_M IJDATE_Y DAY Injury/poisoning episode

FIJ.050_01.000 FIJ.050_02.000

2004–2007.................... FIJ.050_03.000 IPDATEM IPDATEY Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.051_01.000 FIJ.051_02.000 IPDATENO IPDATETP Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.052_00.000 IPDATEMT Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.330 POIDTEM POIDTEY PDAY Poisoning episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.040 IJDATE_M IJDATE_Y DAY Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.050_01.000 FIJ.050_02.000 IPDATEM IPDATEY Injury/poisoning episode

FIJ.050_03.000

Nature of injury

1997–1999.................... FIJ.050 IJBODY1-IJBODY4 IJKIND1­ Verbatim episode

IJKIND4

2000–2003.................... FIJ.050 IJBODY1-IJBODY4 IJKIND1­ Verbatim episode

IJKIND4

2004–2007.................... FIJ.070_00.000 IJBODY1-IJBODY4 Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.071_00.000 IJBODYOS Verbatim episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.072_00.000 IJTYPE1A IJTYPE1B Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.073_00.000 IJTYP1OS Verbatim episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.074_00.000 IJTYPE2A IJTYPE2B Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.075_00.000 IJTYP2OS Verbatim episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.076_00.000 IJTYPE3A IJTYPE3B Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.077_00.000 IJTYP3OS Verbatim episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.078_00.000 IJTYPE4A IJTYPE4B Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.079_00.000 IJTYP4OS Verbatim episode

Cause of injury (see also cause specific follow on questions)

1997–1999.................... FIJ.070 IJHOW1-IJHOW4 Verbatim episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.070 IJHOW1-IJHOW4 Verbatim episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.060_00.000 IPHOW Verbatim episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.080 CAUS Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.080 CAUSNEW Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.065_00.000 ICAUS Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.340 POITPR2 Poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.350 n/a

2000–2003.................... FIJ.195 POITP Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.141_00.000 PPOISOS Verbatim episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.140_00.000 PPOIS Injury/poisoning episode

See footnotes and at end of table.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 49

Table VI. Injury variables and file locations, by year—Con.

Variable name

suggested on File location of

Year1 Question ID2 public use file3 variable4

Activity at time of injury

1997 ....................... FIJ.200 WHAT1-WHAT11 Injury episode

WHAT1CT-WHAT11CT Person

1998–1999.................... FIJ.200 WHAT_1 Injury episode

WHAT_2

WHAT1-WHAT11

WHAT1CT-WHAT11CT Person

2000–2003.................... FIJ.200 WHAT_1 Injury/poisoning episode

WHAT_2

WHAT1-WHAT11

2004–2007.................... FIJ.150_00.000 IPWHAT1 Injury/poisoning episode

IPWHAT2

2004–2007.................... FIJ.151_00.000 IPWHATOT Verbatim episode

Place of occurrence

1997 ....................... FIJ.220 WHER1-WHER18 Injury episode

WHER1CT-WHER18CT Person

1998–1999.................... FIJ.220 WHER_1 Injury episode

WHER_2

WHER1-WHER18

WHER1CT-WHER18CT Person

2000–2003.................... FIJ.221 WHERNEW1 Injury/poisoning episode

WHERNEW2

WHERN1-WHERN16

2004–2007.................... FIJ.160_00.000 IPWHER1 Injury/poisoning episode

IPWHER2

Source of medical care

1997–1999.................... FIJ.360 POICC Poisoning episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.045 IJMED_2-IJMED_7 Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.080_01.000 PPCC Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.080_02.000 IPEV Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.080_03.000 IPER Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.080_04.000 IPDO Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.080_05.000 IPPCHCP Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.080_06.000 IPOTH Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.081_00.000 IPOTHOS Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.082_00.000 n/a

1997–1999.................... FIJ.240 IHOSP Injury episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.250 IHNO Injury episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.370 PHOSP Poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.380 PHNO Poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.090_00.000 IPHOSP Injury/poisoning episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.047 IHNO Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.090_00.000 IPHOSP Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.091_00.000 IPIHNO Injury/poisoning episode

Work days lost

1997–1999.................... FIJ.260 WKLS Injury episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.400 PWKLS Poisoning episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.260 WKLS Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.170_00.000 IPEMP Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.171_00.000 IPWKLS Injury/poisoning episode

School days lost

1997–1999.................... FIJ.270 SCLS Injury episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.410 PSCLS Poisoning episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.270 SCLS Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.180_00.000 IPSTU Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.181_00.000 IPSCLS Injury/poisoning episode

Limitations in activity

1997–1999.................... FIJ.280 IJADL Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.280 IJADL Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.285 LIMTM Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.285 LIMTM Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.290 IJIAD Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.290 IJIAD Injury/poisoning episode

See footnotes and at end of table.
Page 50 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table VI. Injury variables and file locations, by year—Con.

Variable name

suggested on File location of

Year1 Question ID2 public use file3 variable4

1997–1999.................... FIJ.295 HLIMT Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.295 HLIMT Injury/poisoning episode

Cause specific follow on questions

Transportation related

2004–2007.................... FIJ.109_00.000 IMTRAF Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.090 MVWHO Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.090 MVWHO Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.110_00.000 IMVWHO Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.100 MVTYP Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.100 MVTYP Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.111_00.000 IMVTYP Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.120 SBELT Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.120 SBELT Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.112_00.000 ISBELT Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.130 HELMT Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.130 HELMT Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.113_00.000 IHELMT Injury/poisoning episode

1997–1999.................... FIJ.140 MVHIT Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.140 MVHIT Injury/poisoning episode

Burn related

1997–1999.................... FIJ.150 BURN Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.150 BURN Injury/poisoning episode

Drowning related

1997–1999.................... FIJ.160 WATER Injury episode

Fall related

1997 ....................... FIJ.170 FALL1-FALL14 Injury episode

1998–1999.................... FIJ.170 FALL_1 Injury episode

FALL_2

FALL1-FALL14

2000–2003.................... FIJ.171 FALLNEW1 Injury/poisoning episode

FALLNEW2

FALLN1-FALLN10

2004–2007.................... FIJ.130_00.000 IFALL1 Injury/poisoning episode

IFALL2

1997–1999.................... FIJ.180 FWHY Injury episode

2000–2003.................... FIJ.180 FWHY Injury/poisoning episode

2004–2007.................... FIJ.131_00.000 IFALLWHY Injury/poisoning episode

Firearm related

1997–1999.................... FIJ.190 GUNTP Injury episode

Animal related

2000–2003.................... FIJ.191 ANIMAL Injury/poisoning episode

1

Year variable(s) on survey.

2

Reference ID for locating question on survey.

3

Suggested variable name from the public-use file.

4

Name of file the data are located in.
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 51

Appendix III
 

Example Lists for the

Screening Question for the

NHIS Injury Section and

the Influence on the

Survey Results

Creating the lists of examples

In NHIS, the screening question

was redesigned based on extensive

cognitive interviewing in the NCHS

Questionnaire Design Research

Laboratory (QDRL). One key finding of

this interview process was that

providing examples of injuries was

helpful to respondents in defining

injuries. Based on this, it was agreed

that examples to define injuries for the

respondent should be provided.

However, there was concern about the

number and type of injuries included as

examples. For instance, insect bites are

classified as injuries, but should they be

included in a list of examples?

The QDRL recommended that the

examples should vary with respect to

the types of conditions and severity. A

random generating list of injuries would

allow for a range in severity and

conditions and would eliminate bias

based on the respondent reporting

injuries listed in the example list.

However, randomly generating lists of

injuries is difficult for survey design

software. For example, should all

injuries be given equal representation in

the examples or should the example be

representative of the injuries seen?

The injury revision committee

decided to have 10 different lists with 4

injury conditions per list to randomly

assign to the injury screening question

(10 example lists x 4 examples in each

list = 40 example spaces). These spaces

were numbered to help with placement

of the random injury conditions.

Data from the 1998–2000

NHAMCS-ED were analyzed to

determine the frequency of injury

conditions (Table VII). The frequencies

of injury conditions were used to

determine the list so that the examples

represent their proportion of all ED

visits for injuries. To determine the

number of times each injury condition

would be listed, each injury condition’s

proportion was multiplied by 40. Then a

list of the proportional distribution of

injuries was selected. A list of numbers

1–40 was also made. An injury

condition and number were selected at

random. This was repeated until all 40

spaces were filled (reselection occurred

only if the injury condition was already

selected for the example row; e.g., the

random injury list could not read

‘‘sprain, broken bone, sprain, bruise’’)

(Table VIII). Finally, 10 randomly

generated, proportionally correct lists of

example conditions were created

(Table IX).

Do injury episodes reported

vary by the example list

provided?

Data from the 2005 and 2006 NHIS

injury section were used for this

analysis. Age-adjusted injury and

poisoning episode rates per 1,000

population were calculated by sex and

by injury example lists as presented in

the injury screen question during the

interview. The standard errors were

calculated using SUDAAN. The rate of

injury for each example set was

compared to the rate for the remainder

of the injury sets.

Results of the analysis are shown in

Table X. The rate of injury for each

example set was not statistically

different from the rate of injury for the

remainder of the injuries, therefore there

was no evidence indicating that people

who were interviewed with certain

examples reported higher or lower

injury episode rates than other examples.

Conclusion

The wording of a screening

question in a survey is crucial because if

the question is misinterpreted, all the

subsequent analyses will be biased. For

injury related research, with a limited

number of words for the screening

question, the respondent needs to

understand the definition of an injury.

One way to facilitate understanding is to

provide examples of injuries. This study

showed that including example lists in

the screening question elicits a variety

of injury responses and that rotating the

set of examples protects against any one

injury type being overrepresented in the

sample.

Table VII. Frequency and proportion of emergency department visits: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1998–2000

Frequency Number of spaces

Type of injury of ED Percent (Percent *40)

Cut or wound .............................. 22,072,166 26 10

Sprain or strain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,077,545 22 10

Bruise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,270,354 17 7

Broken bone............................... 11,288,204 13 5

Head injury ............................... 5,324,128 6 3

Abrasion (scrape) ........................... 3,099,369 4 2

Burn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,660,430 2 1

Dislocation................................ 1,402,263 2 1

Insect bite ................................ 694,180 1 1

Blister. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,330 0 0

Foreign body .............................. 384,229 0 0

Near drowning ............................. 32,179 0 0

Total (only injuries) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,310,211 100 40
Page 52 [ Series 10, No. 241

Table VIII. Example lists of injury conditions

Example list 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Cut or wound 2. Dislocation 3. Bruise 4. Sprain

Example list 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Bruise 6. Cut or wound 7. Sprain 8. Head injury

Example list 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. Head injury 10. Sprain 11. Broken bone 12. Cut or wound

Example list 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Sprain 14. Bruise 15. Cut or wound 16. Scrape

Example list 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Cut or wound 18. Broken bone 19. Sprain 20. Burn

Example list 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Cut or wound 22. Bruise 23. Broken bone 24. Sprain

Example list 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25. Cut or wound 26. Sprain 27. Scrape 28. Broken bone

Example list 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29. Head injury 30. Bruise 31. Cut or wound 32. Sprain

Example list 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33. Bruise 34. Insect bite 35. Sprain 36. Cut or wound

Example list 10 ............................. 37. Cut or wound 38. Sprain 39. Broken bone 40. Bruise

Table IX. Lists of example conditions

During the past three months, that is since (fill 1: date), [fill2: did you/did you or anyone in your family] have an

injury where any part of [fill3: your/the] body was hurt, for example, with a [fill: random example list]?

[Fill options]

1.. . . . . . . . . Cut or wound, dislocation, bruise, or sprain

2. ........ Bruise, cut or wound, sprain, or head injury

3. ........ Head injury, sprain, broken bone, or cut or wound

4. ........ Sprain, bruise, cut or wound, or scrape

5. ........ Cut or wound, broken bone, sprain, or burn

6. ........ Cut or wound, bruise, broken bone, or sprain

7. ........ Cut or wound, sprain, scrape, or broken bone

8. ........ Head injury, bruise, cut or wound, or sprain

9. ........ Bruise, insect bite, sprain, or cut or wound

10. ....... Cut or wound, sprain, broken bone, or bruise

Table X. Age-adjusted injury episode rates (with standard errors), by listed example: 2005–2006

Injury examples Both sexes Male Female

01 Cut or wound, dislocation, bruise, or sprain.......... 122.7 (10.2) 127.9 (14.4) 115.1 (14.3)

02 Bruise, cut or wound, sprain, or head injury ......... 101.9 ( 9.3) 106.5 (13.7) 96.3 (12.0)

03 Head injury, sprain, broken bone, or cut or wound ..... 132.5 (12.3) 149.6 (19.5) 111.5 (13.3)

04 Sprain, bruise, cut or wound, or scrape ............ 105.0 (10.0) 108.8 (13.8) 98.8 (13.2)

05 Cut or wound, broken bone, sprain, or burn ......... 104.9 ( 9.3) 110.4 (13.7) 98.8 (12.5)

06 Cut or wound, bruise, broken bone, or sprain ........ 109.1 (11.2) 129.4 (17.3) 88.3 (11.6)

07 Cut or wound, sprain, scrape, or broken bone ........ 123.0 ( 9.5) 118.1 (11.9) 125.6 (13.8)

08 Head injury, bruise, cut or wound, or sprain ......... 116.3 (10.5) 129.8 (15.9) 101.1 (14.1)

09 Bruise, insect bite, sprain, or cut or wound .......... 112.5 ( 9.5) 126.5 (15.6) 98.9 (11.7)

10 Cut or wound, sprain, broken bone, or bruise ........ 110.1 (10.2) 110.0 (13.5) 109.6 (14.5)
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 53

Appendix IV
 

Criteria Used to Identify

Injury Episodes in NHIS,

1997–2007

This appendix provides a summary

of the decisions made in the

preprocessing of the injury records.

Included are the basic inclusion or

exclusion criteria used to identify injury

episodes, notes regarding nature of

injury and external cause coding, and

some issues related to poisoning. For

full details, please refer to the FIJ

section of the NHIS Survey Description

Documents for each year. NHIS Survey

Questionnaires and Survey Description

Documents for the years 1997–2007 are

available on the NHIS website at

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.

Data years 1997–2003:

Determination of inclusion or

exclusion of episodes

1.	 The narrative texts of the responses

to several open-ended questions

including ‘‘How did [person]’s

injury/poisoning happen?’’ (referred

to as verbatim responses) were

reviewed (injury 1997–2003 and

poisoning 2000–2003) by injury

subject matter experts primarily for

confidentiality, but also to flag

noninjury records. At the time that

the verbatim responses were

reviewed, the ICD–9–CM codes

were not available because the

review was done before or at the

same time as the data were coded.

Any cases that were flagged as

noninjury and agreed upon by at

least three reviewers were removed.

2.	 If there was no information on the

episode (all injury or poisoning

question responses were ‘‘refused,’’

‘‘not ascertained,’’ or ‘‘don’t

know’’), the record was removed

from the final file. The assumption

was that a blank episode record was

generated by the computer software

used in the interview but the

respondent did not report an episode.

3.	 Episodes were included if they had

at least one nature of injury code

ICD–9–CM 800–999.

Data year 2004: Determination

of inclusion or exclusion of

episodes

1.	 The verbatim responses were

reviewed by injury subject matter

experts primarily for confidentiality

but also to flag noninjury records. At

the time that the verbatim responses

were reviewed, the ICD–9–CM

codes were not available because the

review was done before or at the

same time as the data were coded.

Any cases that were flagged as

noninjury and agreed upon by at

least three reviewers were removed.

2.	 If there was no information on the

episode (all injury or poisoning

question responses were ‘‘refused,’’

‘‘not ascertained,’’ or ‘‘don’t

know’’), the record was removed

from the final file. The assumption

was that a blank ‘‘episode’’ record

was generated by the computer

software used in the interview but

the respondent did not report an

episode.

3.	 Episodes were included if they had

at least one nature of injury code

800–909.2, 909.4, 909.9, 910–994.9,

995.5–995.59, or 995.80–995.85.

Data year 2005: Determination

of inclusion or exclusion of

episodes

1.	 The verbatim responses were

reviewed by injury subject matter

experts primarily for confidentiality

but also to flag noninjury records. At

the time that the verbatim responses

were reviewed, the ICD–9–CM

codes were not available because the

review was done before or at the

same time as the data were coded.

Any cases that were flagged as

noninjury and agreed upon by at

least three reviewers were removed.

2.	 If there was no information on the

episode (all injury or poisoning

question responses were ‘‘refused,’’

‘‘not ascertained’’ or ‘‘don’t know’’),

the record was removed from the

final file. The assumption was that a

blank episode record was generated

by the computer software used in the

interview but the respondent did not

report an episode.

3.	 Episodes were included if they had

at least one nature of injury code

800–909.2, 909.4, 909.9, 910–994.9,

995.5–995.59, or 995.80–995.85 and

one external cause of injury code

E800-E848, E850-E869.9,

E880-E929.9, or E950-E999.

Data year 2006–2007:

Determination of inclusion or

exclusion of episodes

1.	 The verbatim responses were

reviewed by injury subject matter

experts primarily for confidentiality.

The decision on whether to retain a

case or not was based entirely on the

ICD–9–CM nature of injury codes

and external cause of injury codes

assigned unless there was an obvious

error in the code assigned.

2.	 If there was no information on the

episode (all injury or poisoning

question responses were ‘‘refused,’’

‘‘not ascertained’’ or ‘‘don’t know’’),

the record was removed from the

final file. The assumption was that a

blank episode record was generated

by the computer software used in the

interview but the respondent did not

report an episode.

3.	 Episodes were included if they had

at least one nature of injury code

800–909.2, 909.4, 909.9, 910–994.9,

995.5–995.59, or 995.80–995.85 and

one external cause of injury code

E800-E848, E850-E869.9,

E880-E929.9, or E950-E999.

Additional notes related to the

inclusion or exclusion criteria

for injury episodes

1.	 In the years 1997–1999, if a case

was agreed to be an injury by the

reviewers based upon all the

available information, but the record

did not include at least one valid

ICD–9–CM code, then an
Page 54 [ Series 10, No. 241

ICD–9–CM code was assigned

during the preprocessing stage.

2.	 In the years 1997–2005, the order of

the ICD–9–CM codes was changed

if an invalid code was listed first.

There were no instructions for the

respondent to list the injury or

circumstances in any order. The

codes were derived from the

verbatim responses without specific

instructions with regard to order.

3.	 In the years 1997–2005, if no

information about the external cause

was reported (e.g., reported with a

‘‘don’t know’’ or ‘‘refused’’), the

E-code of E928.9 (‘‘Unspecified

accident’’) was assigned. If no

information about the nature of

injury was reported, the nature code

of 959.9 (‘‘Injury unspecified’’) was

assigned.

4.	 Beginning in 2006, external cause

codes and nature of injury codes

assigned by the coders were not

modified in preprocessing unless an

obvious error was found.

Other comments related to

nature of injury or external

cause coding

1.	 For data year 2004, one episode with

an ICD–9–CM code of 995.3

(‘‘Allergy, unspecified’’) was

retained in the file based on the

verbatim response given by the

respondent to the question regarding

how the injury occurred.

2.	 In the years 1997–1999, poisoning

episodes did not have verbatim

descriptions and as a result do not

have associated E-codes or nature of

injury codes. However, the cause of

injury was asked using a response

list in POITPR2.

3.	 According to coding guidelines,

E849 (‘‘Place code’’) is never

supposed to be used as a first-listed

external cause code. In the years

1997–2004, E849 codes were

included, and in some cases, they

are the only E-code included.

Beginning in 2005, place was not

coded to ICD–9–CM because there

is a separate question regarding

place of injury occurrence.

4.	 External cause codes were not

reported in any order and, in some

cases, invalid codes such as place

codes were reported and listed first.

The external cause code summary

field created in preprocessing

(ECAUS) is based on the first-listed

E-code and therefore, includes some

invalid external cause codes.

Issues related to poisoning

data: 1997–2007

1.	 Food poisonings are specifically

excluded in the screen question

however; it appears that a small

number are reported each year.

There is no way to identify food

poisoning episodes reported before

2000 because there are no verbatim

responses. In 2000, food poisoning

was added as one of the categories

in the response list for the question

regarding the cause of the poisoning.

In addition, poisonings were natureof-injury and external cause coded.

2.	 From 1997 through 1999, about 20%

of the poisonings were from ‘‘a

venomous animal or plant,’’ while a

very small percentage of 2000–2003

poisonings were in that category. It

is likely that some of the poisonings

from 1997 through 1999 from that

category were food poisonings.

However, because there is no way to

identify food poisonings in the years

1997–1999, this cannot be verified.

3.	 Poisoning data for 1997–1999

should not be combined with

poisoning data for 2000–2007.

4.	 In the years 1997–1999, allergic

reactions and other nonpoisonings

can be removed by the analyst using

the field for ‘‘cause of poisoning’’

(POITPR2 = 07) ‘‘Allergic/adverse

reaction to med/other substance’’ and

(POITPR2 = 08) ‘‘Something elseNOT poisoning.’’ In the years

2000–2003, allergic reactions and

food poisonings can be removed by

the analyst using the field for ‘‘cause

of poisoning’’ (POITP=06) ‘‘Food

poisoning’’ and (POITP=07)

‘‘Allergic reaction.’’
Series 10, No. 241 [ Page 55

Appendix V
 

Injury-related Publications

Using NHIS Data

1997–present

Zhang, X., et al., Work-related Non-fatal

Injuries Among Foreign-born and

US-born Workers: Findings From the

U.S. National Health Interview Survey,

1997–2005. American Journal of

Industrial Medicine, 2009. 52(1): p.

25–36.

Sprince, N.L., et al., Occupational

Injuries Among Workers With Diabetes:

The National Health Interview Survey,

1997–2005. Journal of Occupational

and Environmental Medicine, 2008.

50(7): p. 804–8.

Sinclair, S.A. and H. Xiang, Injuries

Among US Children With Different

Types of Disabilities. American Journal

of Public Health, 2008. 98(8): p.

1510–6.

Simon, T.D., et al., Latino Families

Report Lower Child Injury Rates Than

White Families. International Journal of

Injury Control and Safety Promotion,

2008. 15(3): p. 141–50.

Kim, J., Psychological Distress and

Occupational Injury: Findings From the

National Health Interview Survey

2000–2003. Journal of Preventive

Medicine and Public Health, 2008.

41(3): p. 200–7.

Forrest, K.Y., J.M. Cali, and W.J. Cavill,

Use of Protective Eyewear in U.S.

Adults: Results From the 2002 National

Health Interview Survey. Ophthalmic

Epidemiology, 2008. 15(1): p. 37–41.

Brophy, M., X. Zhang, and H. Xiang,

Injuries Among US Adults With

Disabilities. Epidemiology, 2008. 19(3):

p. 465–71.

Adams, P.F., J.W. Lucas, and P.M.

Barnes, Summary Health Statistics for

the U.S. Population: National Health

Interview Survey, 2006. Vital and

Health Statistics 10, 2008(236): p.

1–104.

Tiesman, H., et al., Non-fatal Injuries

Among Urban and Rural Residents: The

National Health Interview Survey,

1997–2001. Injury Prevention, 2007.

13(2): p. 115–9.

Schiller, J.S., E.A. Kramarow, and A.N.

Dey, Fall Injury Episodes Among

Noninstitutionalized Older Adults:

United States, 2001–2003. Advance

Data From Vital and Health Statistics,

2007(392): p. 1–16.

Matter, K.C., S.A. Sinclair, and H.

Xiang, Use of Protective Eyewear in

U.S. Children: Results From the

National Health Interview Survey.

Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2007. 14(1):

p. 37–43.

Chen, J., et al., Injury-prevention

Counseling and Behavior Among US

Children: Results From the Second

Injury Control and Risk Survey.

Pediatrics, 2007. 119(4): p. e958–65.

Adams, P.F., A.N. Dey, and J.L.

Vickerie, Summary Health Statistics for

the U.S. Population: National Health

Interview Survey, 2005. Vital and

Health Statistics 10, 2007(233): p.

1–104.

Smith, G.S., et al., Blurring the

Distinctions Between On and Off the

Job Injuries: Similarities and Differences

in Circumstances. Injury Prevention,

2006. 12(4): p. 236–41.

Sinclair, S.A., G.A. Smith, and H.

Xiang, A Comparison of Nonfatal

Unintentional Injuries in the United

States Among U.S.-born and Foreignborn Persons. Journal of Community

Health, 2006. 31(4): p. 303–25.

Hackman, A.L., et al., Use of

Emergency Department Services for

Somatic Reasons by People With

Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatric

Services, 2006. 57(4): p. 563–6.

Carlson, S.A., et al., Self-reported Injury

and Physical Activity Levels: United

States 2000 to 2002. Annals of

Epidemiology, 2006. 16(9): p. 712–9.

Xiang, H., et al., Nonfatal Injuries

Among US Children With Disabling

Conditions. American Journal of Public

Health, 2005. 95(11): p. 1970–5.

Warner, M., et al., The Effects of Recall

on Reporting Injury and Poisoning

Episodes in the National Health

Interview Survey. Injury Prevention,

2005. 11(5): p. 282–7.

Smith, G.S., et al., Injuries at Work in

the US Adult Population: Contributions

to the Total Injury Burden. American

Journal of Public Health, 2005. 95(7):

p. 1213–9.

Salminen, S., Relationships Between

Injuries at Work and During Leisure

Time. Accident; Analysis and

Prevention, 2005. 37(2): p. 373–6.

Runyan, C.W., et al., Unintentional

Injuries in the Home in the United

States Part II: Morbidity. American

Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005.

28(1): p. 80–7.

Hostetler, S.G., et al., Health Care

Access After Injury by Insurance Type

in a Pediatric Population. Pediatric

Emergency Care, 2005. 21(7): p. 420–6.

Yu, S.M., Z.J. Huang, and G.K. Singh,

Health Status and Health Services

Utilization Among US Chinese, Asian

Indian, Filipino, and Other Asian/Pacific

Islander Children. Pediatrics, 2004.

113(1 Pt 1): p. 101–7.

Wellman, H.M., et al., Computerized

Coding of Injury Narrative Data From

the National Health Interview Survey.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention,

2004. 36(2): p. 165–71.

Schoenborn, C.A., P.F. Adams, and J.S.

Schiller, Summary Health Statistics for

the U.S. Population: National Health

Interview Survey, 2000. Vital and

Health Statistics 10, 2003(214): p. 1–83.

Conn, J.M., J.L. Annest, and J.

Gilchrist, Sports and Recreation Related

Injury Episodes in the US population,

1997–99. Injury Prevention, 2003. 9(2):

p. 117–23.

Barnes, P.M., P.F. Adams, and J.S.

Schiller, Summary Health Statistics for

the U.S. Population: National Health

Interview Survey, 2001. Vital and

Health Statistics 10, 2003(217): p. 1–82.

Warner, M., P.M. Barnes, and L.A.

Fingerhut, Injury and Poisoning

Episodes and Conditions: National

Health Interview Survey, 1997. Vital

and Health Statistics 10, 2000(202): p.

1–38.
Vital and Health Statistics

series descriptions

SERIES 1.	 Programs and Collection Procedures—These reports

describe the data collection programs of the National Center

for Health Statistics. They include descriptions of the methods

used to collect and process the data, definitions, and other

material necessary for understanding the data.

SERIES 2.	 Data Evaluation and Methods Research—These reports

are studies of new statistical methods and include analytical

techniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected

data, and contributions to statistical theory. These studies

also include experimental tests of new survey methods and

comparisons of U.S. methodology with those of other

countries.

SERIES 3.	 Analytical and Epidemiological Studies—These reports

present analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and

health statistics. These reports carry the analyses further than

the expository types of reports in the other series.

SERIES 4.	 Documents and Committee Reports—These are final

reports of major committees concerned with vital and health

statistics and documents such as recommended model vital

registration laws and revised birth and death certificates.

SERIES 5.	 International Vital and Health Statistics Reports—These

reports are analytical or descriptive reports that compare U.S.

vital and health statistics with those of other countries or

present other international data of relevance to the health

statistics system of the United States.

SERIES 6.	 Cognition and Survey Measurement—These reports are

from the National Laboratory for Collaborative Research in

Cognition and Survey Measurement. They use methods of

cognitive science to design, evaluate, and test survey

instruments.

SERIES 10.	 Data From the National Health Interview Survey—These

reports contain statistics on illness; unintentional injuries;

disability; use of hospital, medical, and other health services;

and a wide range of special current health topics covering

many aspects of health behaviors, health status, and health

care utilization. They are based on data collected in a

continuing national household interview survey.

SERIES 11.	 Data From the National Health Examination Survey, the

National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and

the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—

Data from direct examination, testing, and measurement on

representative samples of the civilian noninstitutionalized

population provide the basis for (1) medically defined total

prevalence of specific diseases or conditions in the United

States and the distributions of the population with respect to

physical, physiological, and psychological characteristics, and

(2) analyses of trends and relationships among various

measurements and between survey periods.

SERIES 12.	 Data From the Institutionalized Population Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these surveys are

included in Series 13.

SERIES 13.	 Data From the National Health Care Surveys—These

reports contain statistics on health resources and the public’s

use of health care resources including ambulatory, hospital,

and long-term care services based on data collected directly

from health care providers and provider records.

SERIES 14.	 Data on Health Resources: Manpower and Facilities—

Discontinued in 1990. Reports on the numbers, geographic

distribution, and characteristics of health resources are now

included in Series 13.

SERIES 15.	 Data From Special Surveys—These reports contain

statistics on health and health-related topics collected in

special surveys that are not part of the continuing data

systems of the National Center for Health Statistics.

SERIES 16.	 Compilations of Advance Data From Vital and Health

Statistics—Advance Data Reports provide early release of

information from the National Center for Health Statistics’

health and demographic surveys. They are compiled in the

order in which they are published. Some of these releases

may be followed by detailed reports in Series 10–13.

SERIES 20.	 Data on Mortality—These reports contain statistics on

mortality that are not included in regular, annual, or monthly

reports. Special analyses by cause of death, age, other

demographic variables, and geographic and trend analyses

are included.

SERIES 21.	 Data on Natality, Marriage, and Divorce—These reports

contain statistics on natality, marriage, and divorce that are

not included in regular, annual, or monthly reports. Special

analyses by health and demographic variables and

geographic and trend analyses are included.

SERIES 22.	 Data From the National Mortality and Natality Surveys—

Discontinued in 1975. Reports from these sample surveys,

based on vital records, are now published in Series 20 or 21.

SERIES 23.	 Data From the National Survey of Family Growth—These

reports contain statistics on factors that affect birth rates,

including contraception, infertility, cohabitation, marriage,

divorce, and remarriage; adoption; use of medical care for

family planning and infertility; and related maternal and infant

health topics. These statistics are based on national surveys

of women and men of childbearing age.

SERIES 24.	 Compilations of Data on Natality, Mortality, Marriage, and

Divorce—These include advance reports of births, deaths,

marriages, and divorces based on final data from the National

Vital Statistics System that were published as National Vital

Statistics Reports (NVSR), formerly Monthly Vital Statistics

Report. These reports provide highlights and summaries of

detailed data subsequently published in Vital Statistics of the

United States. Other special reports published here provide

selected findings based on final data from the National Vital

Statistics System and may be followed by detailed reports in

Series 20 or 21.

For answers to questions about this report or for a list of reports published

in these series, contact:

Information Dissemination Staff

National Center for Health Statistics

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

3311 Toledo Road, Room 5412

Hyattsville, MD 20782

1–800–232–4636

E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov

Internet: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

National Center for Health Statistics

3311 Toledo Road

Hyattsville, MD 20782

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T34547 (09/2009)

DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 2009–1569, Series 10, No. 241