APPENDIX C 

COST-EFFECTIVENESS 

CALCULATION METHODOLOGY 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 2 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

APPENDIX C 

COST-EFFECTIVENESS CALCULATION METHODOLOGY 

A. Introduction 

All projects are subject to the cost-effectiveness limit defined in Appendix G: Cost 

Effectiveness Limit and Capital Recovery Factors. Carl Moyer Program (Moyer) funding, 

funding under the air 

state, federal or any other public agency that are received by the grantee, or funding 

provided by a port authority (to meet the match fund requirement) must be included in 

determining the cost-effectiveness of surplus emission reductions. Excluded from this 

requirement is funding provided by federal programs designed to reduce greenhouse 

gas emissions (GHGs) or funding provided by the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and 

Vehicle Technology Program to reduce GHGs. Projects that include such funds must 

meet all other Carl Moyer Program requirements. For more details see Chapter 2 and 3. 

B. General Cost-Effectiveness Calculations 

1. Calculating Cost-Effectiveness 

The cost-effectiveness of a project is determined by dividing the annualized cost of 

the potential project by the annual weighted surplus emission reductions that will be 

achieved by the project as shown in formula C-1 below. 

Formula C-1: Cost-Effectiveness of Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions ($/ton) 

Cost-Effectiveness ($/ton) = Annualized Cost ($/year(yr)) 

 Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions (tons/yr) 

Descriptions on how to calculate annual emission reductions and annualized cost are 

provided in the following sections. 

2. Determining the Annualized Cost 

Annualized cost is the amortization of the one-time incentive grant amount for the life 

of the project to yield an estimated annual cost. The annualized cost is calculated by 

multiplying the incremental cost by the capital recovery factor (CRF). The resulting 

annualized cost is used to complete formula C-2 to determine the cost-effectiveness 

of surplus emission reductions. 

Formula C-2: Annualized Cost ($) 

Annualized Cost = CRF * incremental cost ($) 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 3 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

3. Calculating the Incremental Cost 

Maximum eligible percent funding amounts define incremental cost, in many cases 

an applicant will provide an estimate of the cost of the reduced technology. The 

incremental cost is determined by multiplying the cost of the reduced technology by 

the maximum eligible percent funding amount (from applicable chapter), as described 

in formula C-3 below. 

Formula C-3: Incremental Cost ($) 

Incremental Cost = Cost of Reduced Technology ($) * Maximum Eligible Percent 

Funding Amount

Generally the cost of the baseline vehicle for a new purchase is assumed to be a 

certain percentage of the cost of a new vehicle meeting reduced emissions from the 

standard. The cost of the baseline technology for a repower is assumed to be a 

percentage of the new engine. For retrofits, there is no baseline technology cost; 

hence the entire cost of the retrofit may be eligible for funding in most cases, but not 

for on-road. Refer to the On-Road chapter for specific eligible retrofit cost. 

For school bus fleet modernization projects, the incremental cost is determined by 

adjusting the value given to the vehicle by the National Automotive Dealership 

Association (N.A.D.A.), as described in formula C-4 below. 

Formula C-4: Incremental Cost for School Bus Fleet Modernization Projects ($) 

When the replacement school bus is not new use the N.A.D.A value: 

where the N.A.D.A value is the retail value of the used school bus * 100 

percent. 

when the replacement school bus is new then use the Invoice of the new 

school bus * 100 percent 

Use the results from formula C-3 or C-4 to complete formula C-2 to determine the 

annualized cost of a project. 

4. Calculating the Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions 

Annual weighted 

annual surplus pollutant reductions following formula C-5 below. This will allow 

projects that reduce one, two, or all three of the covered pollutants to be evaluated for 

eligibility to receive Carl Moyer Program funding. While oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 

reactive organic gases (ROG) emissions are given equal weight; emissions of diesel 

(particulate matter) PM have been identified as a toxic air contaminant and thus carry 

a greater weight in the calculation. However, emissions of combustion PM from 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 4 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

gasoline, spark ignition engines have not been identified as a toxic air contaminant, 

therefore NOx, ROG, and PM emissions are given equal weight in the calculation. 

Formula C-5: Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions 

Weighted Emission Reductions = 

NOx reductions (tons/yr) + ROG reductions (tons/yr) + [20 * (PM reductions (tons/yr)] 

The result of formula C-5 is used to complete formula C-1 to determine the 

cost-effectiveness of surplus emission reductions. 

In order to determine the annual surplus emission reductions by pollutant, formula 

C-15 below must be completed for each pollutant (NOx, ROG, and PM), for the 

baseline technology and the reduced technology, totaling up to six calculations: 

These calculations are completed for each pollutant by multiplying the engine 

emission factor or converted emission standard (found in Appendix D) by the annual 

activity level and by other adjustment factors as specified for the calculation 

methodologies presented. 

5. Calculating Annual Emission Reductions Based on Usage 

Usage: The Carl Moyer Program allows the emissions reductions from a project to be 

calculated using the following activity factors on an annual basis: 

(A) Hours of operation, 

(B) Fuel consumption, or 

(C) Miles traveled. 

Specific activity factors allowed for each project category may differ and are identified 

in the source category chapters of the Carl Moyer Program Guidelines. 

(A) Calculating Annual Emissions Based on Hours of Operation 

When actual annual hours of equipment operation are the basis for determining 

emission reductions, the equipment activity level must be based on a properly 

functioning hour meter (See Chapter 2 and the relevant source category chapter 

for additional information on this topic). In addition, the horsepower rating of the 

engine and an engine load factor found in Appendix D must be used. A default 

load factor of 0.43 is used for those projects where no specific equipment load 

Baseline Technology Reduced Technology 

1. Annual emissions of NOx 4. Annual emissions of NOx 

2. Annual emissions of ROG 5. Annual emissions of ROG 

3. Annual emissions of PM 6. Annual emissions of PM 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 5 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

factor is available in Appendix D. The method for calculating emission reductions 

based on hours of operation is described in formula C-6 below. 

Formula C-6: Estimated Annual Emissions based on hours of Operation (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor or Converted Emission Standard (grams per brake 

horsepower-hour)(g/bhp-hr)) * Horsepower * Load Factor * Activity 

(hours(hrs)/yr) * Percent Operation in California (CA) * ton/907,200grams (g)

The engine load factor is an indicator of the nominal amount of work done by the 

engine for a particular application. It is given as a fraction of the rated horsepower 

of the engine and varies with engine application. For projects in which the 

horsepower of the baseline technology and reduced technology are different by 

more than 25 percent, the load factor must be adjusted following formula C-7 

below. It is important to understand the replacement load factor must never 

exceed 100 percent in cases where the reduced technology engine is significantly 

smaller than the baseline technology engine. 

Formula C-7: Replacement Load Factor 

Replacement Load Factor = Load Factor baseline * hp baseline/hp reduced 

(B) Calculating Annual Emissions Based on Fuel Consumption 

When annual fuel consumption is used for determining emission reductions, the 

equipment activity level must be based on annual fuel usage within California 

provided by the applicant. Fuel records must be maintained by the engine owner 

as described in the relevant source category chapter for additional information on 

this topic.

A fuel consumption rate factor must be used to convert emissions given in 

g/bhp-hr to units of grams of emissions per gallon of fuel used (g/gal). The fuel 

consumption rate factor is a number that combines the effects of engine efficiency 

and the energy content of the fuel used in that engine into an approximation of the 

amount of work output by an engine for each unit of fuel consumed. The fuel 

consumption rate factor is found in Table D-24 in Appendix D. Formulas C-8 and 

C-9 below are the formulas for calculating annual emissions based on annual fuel 

consumed.

Formula C-8: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Fuel Consumed using 

Emission Factors or Converted Emission Standard (tons/yr) 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 6 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor or Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * fuel 

consumption rate factor (bhp-hr/gallon (gal)) * Activity (gal/yr) * Percent 

Operation in CA * ton/907,200g 

Formula C-9: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Fuel using Emission Factors 

(tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor (g/gal) * Activity (gal/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * 

ton/907,200g 

(C) Calculating Annual Emissions Based on Annual Miles Traveled 

Calculations based on annual miles traveled are used for on-road projects only. 

Mileage records must be maintained by the engine owner as described in 

Chapter 4: On-road Heavy-Duty Vehicles. 

Calculations Using Emission Factors: There is no conversion since the emission 

factors for on-road projects provided are given in units of g/mile. Formula C-10 

describes the method for calculating pollutant emissions based on emission 

factors and miles traveled. 

Formula C-10: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Mileage using Emission 

Factors (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor (g/mile) * Activity (miles/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * 

ton/907,200g 

Calculating Annual Emissions Based on Converted Standards: The unit 

conversion factor found in Tables D-5 and D-6 (Appendix D) are used to convert 

the units of the converted emission standard (g/bhp-hr) to g/mile. Formula C-11 

describes the method for calculating pollutant emissions using converted emission 

standards. 

Formula C-11: Estimated Annual Emissions 

based on Mileage using Converted Emission Standards (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * Unit Conversion (bhp-hr/mile) * Activity 

(miles/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * ton/907,200g 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 7 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

6. Calculating Two for One Projects 

Two for One Projects: For equipment replacement of Two for One Project, two 

baseline technology equipment will be replaced for one reduced technology. First, 

calculate the emission reduction benefits based on activity for each baseline engine 

separately using formulas C-6, C-8 or C-10. These emission reductions will then be 

summed together before deducting the emission reduction benefits of the reduced 

technology using formula C-13. See the sample calculations supplemental document 

for an example on this calculation methodology. 

7. Calculating Split Project Life Projects 

Split Project Life: Split Project Life Projects must use a separate project life for the 

two baseline technology scenarios. First, formula C-6, C-8, or C-10 must be used to 

calculate emission reduction by pollutant for the two baseline scenarios: 

(A) Baseline technology to phase 1 reduced technology 

(B) Phase 1 reduced technology to phase 2 reduced technology 

Formula C-5 is used to calculate the annual emission reductions for each baseline 

technology. Next, a fraction of the project life must be applied to the annual emission 

reductions for each of the baseline scenarios, as outlined below in formula C-12. 

Formula C-12: Split Project Life 

Total Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions = 

(Fraction project life / Total project life * Annual weighted surplus 

emissions from transaction 1) + Fraction project life / Total project life * 

Annual weighted surplus transaction from transaction 2) 

Total Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions = (n1/ t * a1) + (n2 / t * a2) 

 n1= fraction project life from transaction 1 

n

2

= fraction project life from transaction 2 

a

1

= Annual weighted surplus emissions from transaction 1 

a

2 = Annual weighted surplus transaction from transaction 2 

t = total project life 

8. Calculating Annual Surplus Emission Reductions by Pollutant 

The final step in this portion of the calculations is to determine the annual surplus 

emission reductions by pollutant. For new purchases and repower projects, subtract 

the annual emissions for the reduced technology from the annual emissions for the 

baseline technology following formula C-13 below. 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 8 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

Formula C-13: Annual Surplus Emission Reductions by Pollutant (tons/yr) for 

Repowers and New Purchases 

Annual Surplus Emission Reductions (by pollutant) = 

Annual Emissions for the Baseline Technology Annual Emissions for the Reduced 

Technology 

For retrofits, multiply the baseline technology pollutant emissions by the percent of 

emission reductions that the ARB-verified reduced technology is verified to following 

formula C-14 below. 

Formula C-14: Annual Surplus Emission Reductions by Pollutant (tons/yr) for 

Retrofits 

Annual Surplus Emission Reductions (by pollutant) = 

Annual Emissions for the Baseline Technology * Reduced 

Technology Verification Percent 

Calculations must be done for each pollutant, NOx, PM, and ROG, giving a total of 

three calculations. 

For fleet modernization projects the baseline will be the newer vehicle emissions. 

The annual surplus emission reductions by pollutant would be used in Formula C-5 to 

calculate the annual surplus emission reductions. 

9. Calculating a Conversion from Grams to Tons per Year 

Conversion to Tons per Year: Since the emission factor or converted standard is 

given in units of grams, a conversion from grams to tons is also required, as 

illustrated in formula C-15 below. 

Formula C-15: Estimated Annual Emissions by Pollutant (tons/yr)

Annual Emission Reduction = 

Emission Factor or Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * Annual Activity * 

Adjustment Factor(s) * Percent Operation in CA * ton/907,200g 

10.Calculations for Comingling Moyer and Public Funds 

Other public financial incentive funds received by the grantee directly must be 

deducted from the incremental cost. Air districts must request information from 

grantee to determine what other public financial incentive funds will be used for the 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 9 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

project. If the other public financial incentive funds are not intended to be used to pay 

for eligible costs, then the incremental cost is not reduced by the other public financial 

incentive funds. Use formula C-16 below to determine the amount that is costeffective to be annualized in C-2. 

Formula C-16: Moyer Grant for Grantees receiving other Public Financial Incentive 

Funds 

Maximum Moyer Grant Amount (if project is cost-effective) = 

Incremental Cost (from formula C-2 or C-3) - Other Public Financial Incentive 

Funds 

In addition to Carl Moyer Program funds, air districts must also include non-Moyer 

funds provided by the air district when calculating cost-effectiveness for the project; 

the total funds contributed by the air district must meet current cost-effectiveness 

limits. The final Moyer grant amount for a project is derived once the air district funds 

are deducted. Use formula C-17 below to determine the amount of funds the grantee 

will receive from the Carl Moyer Program. 

Formula C-17: Moyer Grant for Grantees receiving public funds from Air District 

Moyer Grant Amount to Grantee = 

Cost-effective Grant Amount (from formula C-1) Air District Funds 

Beginning July 1, 2011, federal funding from programs that reduce greenhouse gas 

emissions (GHGs) or funding provided by the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and 

Vehicle Technology Program to reduce GHGs are not required to be included in 

formulas C-16 and C-17; for more details see Chapter 2 and 3. 

11.Calculation for projects exceeding the Cost Effectiveness Limit 

For projects that have exceeded the weighted cost effectiveness limit, the calculation 

methodology below must be applied in order to ensure final grant amounts meet the 

cost effectiveness limit requirement. The grant amount is determined by multiplying 

the maximum allowed cost-effectiveness limit by the estimated annual emission 

reductions and dividing by the capital recovery factor in the C-18 formula below. 

Formula C-18: Maximum Grant Amount for projects exceeding Cost Effectiveness 

Limit 

Maximum Grant Amount = 

(Cost-effectiveness limit * estimated annual emission reductions)/CRF 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 10 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

C. List of Formulas 

For an easy reference, the necessary formulas to calculate the cost-effectiveness of 

surplus emission reductions for a project funded through the Carl Moyer Program are 

provided below. 

Formula C-1: Cost-Effectiveness of Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions ($/ton): 

Cost-Effectiveness ($/ton) = Annualized Cost ($/yr) 

Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions (tons/yr) 

Formula C-2: Annualized Cost ($) 

Annualized Cost = CRF * incremental cost ($) 

Formula C-3: Incremental Cost ($) 

Incremental Cost = Cost of Reduced Technology ($) * Maximum Eligible Percent 

Funding Amount 

Formula C-4: Incremental Cost for School Bus Fleet Modernization Projects ($) 

When the replacement school bus is not new use the N.A.D.A value: 

where the N.A.D.A value is the retail value of the used school bus * 100 percent. 

when the replacement school bus is new then us the Invoice of the new school 

bus * 100 percent 

Formula C-5: Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions 

Weighted Emission Reductions = 

NOx reductions (tons/yr) + ROG reductions (tons/yr) + [20 * (PM reductions 

(tons/yr)] 

Formula C-6: Estimated Annual Emissions based on hours of Operation (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor or Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * Horsepower 

* Load Factor * Activity (hrs/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * ton/907,200g 

Formula C-7: Replacement Load Factor 

Replacement Load Factor = Load Factor baseline * hp baseline/hp reduced 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 11 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

Formula C-8: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Fuel Consumed using Emission 

Factors or Converted Emission Standard (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor or Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * fuel 

consumption rate factor (bhp-hr/gal) * Activity (gal/yr) * Percent Operation 

in CA * ton/907,200g 

Formula C- 9: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Fuel using Emission Factors 

(tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor (g/gal) * Activity (gal/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * ton/907,200g 

Formula C-10: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Mileage using Emission Factors 

(tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Emission Factor (g/mile) * Activity (miles/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * 

ton/907,200g 

Formula C-11: Estimated Annual Emissions based on Mileage using Converted 

Emission Standards (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reductions = 

Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * Unit Conversion (bhp-hr/mile) * Activity 

(miles/yr) * Percent Operation in CA * ton/907,200g

Formula C-12: Split Project Life 

Total Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions = 

(Fraction project life / Total project life * Annual weighted surplus 

emissions from transaction 1) + Fraction project life / Total project life * 

Annual weighted surplus transaction from transaction 2) 

Total Annual Weighted Surplus Emission Reductions = (n1 / t * a1) + (n2 / t * a2) 

 n1

= fraction project life from transaction 1 

n

2

= fraction project life from transaction 2 

a

1

= Annual weighted surplus emissions from transaction 1 
As of 4/28/2011 C - 12 Cost-Effectiveness 

Calculation Methodology 

a

2 = Annual weighted surplus transaction from transaction 2 

t = total project life 

Formula C-13: Annual Surplus Emission Reductions by Pollutant (tons/yr) for Repowers 

and New Purchases 

Annual Surplus Emission Reductions (by pollutant) = 

Annual Emissions for the Baseline Technology Annual Emissions for the Reduced 

Technology 

Formula C-14: Annual Surplus Emission Reductions by Pollutant (tons/yr) for Retrofits 

Annual Surplus Emission Reductions (by pollutant) = 

Annual Emissions for the Baseline Technology * Reduced 

Technology Verification Percent 

Formula C-15: Estimated Annual Emissions by Pollutant (tons/yr) 

Annual Emission Reduction = 

Emission Factor or Converted Emission Standard (g/bhp-hr) * Annual Activity * 

Adjustment Factor(s) * Percent Operation in CA * ton/907,200g 

Formula C-16: Moyer Grant for Grantees receiving other Public Financial Incentive 

Funds 

Maximum Moyer Grant Amount (if project is cost-effective) = 

Incremental Cost (from formula C-2 or C-3) - Other Public Financial Incentive 

Funds 

Formula C-17: Moyer Grant for Grantees receiving public funds from Air District 

Moyer Grant Amount to Grantee = 

Cost-effective Grant Amount (from formula C-1) Air District Funds 

Formula C-18: Maximum Grant Amount for projects exceeding Cost Effectiveness Limit 

Maximum Grant Amount = 

(Cost-effectiveness limit * estimated annual emission reductions)/CRF 
APPENDIX D 

TABLES FOR EMISSION REDUCTION AND 

COST-EFFECTIVENESS CALCULATIONS 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 2 EMISSIONS TABLES 

APPENDIX D 

TABLES FOR EMISSION REDUCTION AND 

COST-EFFECTIVENESS CALCULATIONS 

This appendix presents tables summarizing the data needed to calculate the emission 

reductions and cost-effectiveness of potential projects. Included are data such as 

engine emission factors, load factors, and other conversion factors used in the 

calculations discussed in Appendix C: Cost-Effectiveness Calculation Methodology. 

Table # 

Heavy-Duty On-Road Projects D-1a to D-8 

Emergency Vehicles D-9a to D-9b 

Off-Road Diesel and Non-Mobile Agricultural (Ag) Projects D-10 to D-14 

Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Projects D-15 to D-16 

Locomotive Projects D-17a to D-18 

Marine Projects D-19a to D-23 

All Engines Fuel Consumption D-24 

Reference Tables D-25 to D-28 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 3 EMISSIONS TABLES 

HEAVY-DUTY ON-ROAD PROJECTS

Table D-1a 

Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines 

Converted Emission Standards 

EO Certification 

Level 

g/bhp-hr

g/bhp-hr(a) g/mile(b) g/gal(c)(d)

Diesel 

NOx

Diesel 

ROG

Alternative 

Fuel NOx

Diesel 

NOx

Diesel 

ROG(e)

Alternative 

Fuel NOx

Diesel 

NOx

Diesel 

ROG(e)

Alternative 

Fuel NOx

6.0 NOx 5.58 0.29 4.80 16.74 0.86 14.40 103.23 5.33 88.80 

5.0 NOx 4.65 0.24 4.00 13.49 0.70 11.60 86.03 4.44 74.00 

4.0 NOx 3.72 0.19 3.20 10.79 0.56 9.28 68.82 3.55 59.20 

2.5 NOx+NMHC 2.21 0.11 2.00 6.41 0.33 5.80 40.86 2.11 37.00 

1.8 NOx+NMHC 1.59 0.08 1.44 4.61 0.24 4.18 29.42 1.52 26.64 

1.5 NOx+NMHC 1.33 0.07 1.20 3.84 0.20 3.48 24.52 1.27 22.20 

1.20 NOx+NMHC 1.06 0.05 0.96 3.07 0.16 2.78 19.61 1.01 17.76 

0.84 NOx+NMHC 0.74 0.04 0.67 2.15 0.11 1.95 13.73 0.71 12.43 

0.20 NOx 0.19 0.13 0.16 0.54 0.37 0.46 3.44 2.36 2.96

PM10 Diesel 

PM10

Alternative 

Fuel PM10

Diesel 

PM10

Alternative 

Fuel PM10

Diesel 

PM10

Alternative 

Fuel PM10

0.01 0.008 0.010

All Except Urban Bus

0.15 0.19

0.023 0.029

Urban Bus

0.032 0.040

0.10 0.08 0.10 

All Except Urban Bus 

1.33 1.85 0.209 0.290 

Urban Bus 

0.320 0.400 

a - Emission standards were converted where appropriate, using the NMHC and NOx fraction default 

values and the ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in Tables D-25 and D-26, respectively. 

b - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

c - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24. 

d - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only. 

e - ROG = HC * 1.26639. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 4 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-1b 

Medium Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines 2007-2010 

Converted Emission Standards 

EO Certification 

Level 

g/bhp-hr

g/bhp-hr(a) g/mile(b) g/gal(c)(d)

Diesel 

NOx

Diesel 

ROG

Alternative 

Fuel NOx

Diesel 

NOx

Diesel 

ROG(e)

Alternative 

Fuel NOx

Diesel 

NOx

Diesel 

ROG(e)

Alternative 

Fuel NOx

6.0 NOx 5.58 0.29 4.80 10.60 0.52 8.64 103.23 5.33 88.80 

5.0 NOx 4.65 0.24 4.00 8.37 0.43 7.20 86.03 4.44 74.00 

4.0 NOx 3.72 0.19 3.20 6.70 0.35 5.76 68.82 3.55 59.20 

2.5 NOx+NMHC 2.21 0.11 2.00 3.98 0.21 3.60 40.86 2.11 37.00 

1.8 NOx+NMHC 1.59 0.08 1.44 2.86 0.15 2.59 29.42 1.52 26.64 

1.5 NOx+NMHC 1.33 0.07 1.20 2.39 0.12 2.16 24.52 1.27 22.20 

1.20 NOx+NMHC 1.06 0.05 0.96 1.91 0.10 1.73 19.61 1.01 17.76 

0.84 NOx+NMHC 0.74 0.04 0.67 1.34 0.07 1.21 13.73 0.71 12.43 

0.20 NOx 0.19 0.13 0.16 0.33 0.23 0.29 3.44 2.36 2.96

PM10 Diesel 

PM10

Alternative 

Fuel PM10

Diesel 

PM10

Alternative 

Fuel PM10

Diesel 

PM10

Alternative 

Fuel PM10

0.01 0.008 0.010

All Except Urban Bus

0.15 0.19

0.014 0.018

Urban Bus

0.032 0.040

0.10 0.08 0.10 

All Except Urban Bus 

1.33 1.85 0.130 0.180 

Urban Bus 

0.320 0.400 

a - Emission standards were converted where appropriate, using the NMHC and NOx fraction default 

values and the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in Tables D-25 and D-26, respectively. 

b - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

c - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24. 

d Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only. 

e ROG = HC * 1.26639 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 5 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-2a 

Medium Heavy-Duty Alternative Fuel Engines 

Converted Emission Standards 

Model Year 

g/bhp-hr g/mile(a) g/gal(b,c)

NOx PM10 NOx PM10 NOx PM10 

1988 1989 6.0 0.60 11.40 1.140 111.00 11.10 

1990 6.0 0.60 10.80 1.080 111.00 11.10 

1991 1993 5.0 0.25 9.00 0.450 92.50 4.63 

1994 1997 5.0 0.10 9.00 0.180 92.50 1.85 

1998 2001 4.0 0.10 7.20 0.180 74.00 1.85 

2002 2006 2.0 0.10 3.60 0.180 37.00 1.85 

2007 2009 1.2 0.01 2.16 0.018 22.20 0.19 

2010+ 0.2 0.01 0.36 0.018 3.70 0.19 

a - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

b - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24. 

c - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only. 

Table D-2b 

Heavy Heavy-Duty Alternative Fuel Engines 

Converted Emission Standards 

Model Year 

g/bhp-hr g/mile(a) g/gal(b,c)

NOx PM10 NOx PM10 NOx PM10 

1988 1989 6.0 0.60 18.60 1.860 111.00 11.10 

1990 6.0 0.60 18.00 1.800 111.00 11.10 

1991 1993 5.0 0.25 15.00 0.750 92.50 4.63 

1994 1997 5.0 0.10 14.50 0.290 92.50 1.85 

1998 2001 4.0 0.10 11.60 0.290 74.00 1.85 

2002 2006 2.0 0.10 5.80 0.290 37.00 1.85 

2007 2009 1.2 0.01 3.48 0.029 22.20 0.19 

2010+ 0.2 0.01 0.58 0.029 3.70 0.19 

a - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

b - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24. 

c - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 6 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-3 

Diesel Medium Heavy-Duty Vehicles 14,001-33,000 pounds (lbs) Gross Vehicle 

Weight Rating (GVWR) 

Emission Factors (g/mile)(a) 

Model Year NOx ROG PM10 

Pre-1984 17.21 0.29 0.792 

1984 1986 16.65 0.29 0.720 

1987 1989 14.60 0.18 0.504 

1990 14.60 0.18 0.504 

1991 1993 12.18 0.16 0.288 

1994 1997 10.70 0.10 0.216 

1998 2002 9.77 0.08 0.144 

2003+ 5.39 0.08 0.216 

2004 2006 5.12 0.08 0.216 

2007 2009 2.79 0.05 0.024 

2010+ 0.51 0.02 0.024 

a - Emission factors incorporate the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors in Table D-26. 

Table D-4 

Diesel Heavy Heavy-Duty Vehicles 33,000+ lbs GVWR 

Emission Factors (g/mile)(a)

Model Year NOx ROG PM10 

Pre-1987 21.39 1.04 1.249 

1987 1988 21.11 0.81 1.354 

1989 1990 21.11 0.81 1.354 

1991 1993 18.23 0.54 0.562 

1994 1997 17.95 0.4 0.367 

1998 2002 17.58 0.51 0.403 

2003 2006 11.63 0.26 0.252 

2007 2009 6.36 0.23 0.028 

2010+ 1.06 0.18 0.028 

a - Emission factors incorporate the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in Table D-26. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 7 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-5 

Diesel Urban Buses 

Converted Emission Standards 

Model Year 

g/bhp-hr g/mile(a) g/gal(b,c)

NOx ROG PM10 NOx ROG PM10 NOx ROG PM10 

1987 1990(d) 5.58 1.17 0.432 22.32 4.68 1.728 103.23 21.65 7.99 

1991 1993(d) 4.65 1.17 0.072 18.60 4.68 0.288 86.03 21.65 1.33 

1994 1995(d) 4.65 1.17 0.050 18.60 4.68 0.200 86.03 21.65 0.93 

1996 2002(d) 3.72 1.17 0.036 14.88 4.68 0.144 68.82 21.65 0.67 

2003(d,e)2.21 0.12 0.007 8.84 0.48 0.028 40.89 2.22 0.13 

2004 2006(f)- - - - - - - - - 

2007 2009 1.20 0.19 0.010 4.80 0.76 0.040 22.20 3.52 0.19 

2010+ 0.20 0.19 0.010 0.80 0.76 0.040 3.70 3.52 0.19 

a - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

b - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24. 

c - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only. 

d - Emission standards were converted where appropriate, using the NMHC and NOx fraction default 

values and the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in Tables D-25 and D-26, respectively. 

e - NOx +NMHC emission standard converted to NOx and ROG. 

f - No diesel buses have been certified to the 0.5 g/bhp-hr for the 2004-2006 model year emission 

standard. 

Table D-6 

Natural Gas Urban Buses 

Converted Emission Standards 

Model Year 

g/bhp-hr g/mile(a) g/gal(b,c)

NOx PM10 NOx PM10 NOx PM10 

1991 1993 5.00 0.100 20.00 0.40 92.50 1.85 

1994 1995 5.00 0.070 20.00 0.28 92.50 1.30 

1996 1997 4.00 0.050 16.00 0.20 74.00 0.93 

1998 2002(e) 2.50 0.050 10.00 0.20 46.25 0.93 

2003 2006(d,e,f) 1.44 0.020 5.76 0.08 26.64 0.37 

2007 2009 1.20 0.010 4.80 0.04 22.20 0.19 

2010+ 0.20 0.010 0.80 0.04 3.70 0.19 

a - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

b - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24. 

c - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only. 

d - NOx+NMHC emission standard converted to NOx only. 

e - A majority of the natural gas urban buses have been certified to the optional standards. Therefore, 

these values are based on the optional standards. 

f - Many natural gas urban buses have been certified to optional standards below this level.
As of 4/28/2011 D - 8 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-7 

Transport Refrigeration Units (TRU) and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Default Load 

Factors 

Category Horsepower Load Factor 

TRU <25 0.64 

25 50 0.53 

APU <25 0.74 

Table D-8 

TRU and APU Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Tier / Model Year NOx ROG PM10 

< 11 Pre-1995 9.30 1.80 0.720 

1995 1999 8.70 1.26 0.410 

Tier 1 5.76 0.82 0.376 

Tier 2 4.14 0.59 0.304 

Tier 4 4.14 0.59 0.152 

11 24 Pre-1995 6.44 2.21 0.550 

1995 1999 6.44 1.08 0.413 

Tier 1 5.49 0.77 0.306 

Tier 2 4.33 0.69 0.306 

Tier 4 4.33 0.69 0.152 

25 - 49 Uncontrolled pre-1988 6.51 2.21 0.547 

Uncontrolled 1988 + 6.42 2.17 0.547 

Tier 1 5.26 1.74 0.480 

Tier 2 4.63 0.29 0.280 

Tier 4 Interim 4.55 0.12 0.128 

Tier 4 Final 2.75 0.12 0.008 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 9 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-9a 

Emergency Vehicle (Fire Apparatus) 

Medium Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine 

Converted Emission Standards 

Model Year

g/bhp-hr g/mile(a)(b) g/gallon(b)(c)(d)

Certification Standard NOx ROG(e) PM10 NOx ROG(e) PM10

pre-1990 6.0 NOx 10.60 0.55 0.821 103.23 5.33 7.992

1990 6.0 NOx 10.04 0.52 0.778 103.23 5.33 7.992

1991 - 1993 5.0 NOx 8.37 0.43 0.324 86.03 4.44 3.330

1994 - 1997 5.0 NOx 8.37 0.43 0.130 86.03 4.44 1.332

1998 - 2001 4.0 NOx 6.70 0.35 0.130 68.82 3.55 1.332

2002 - 2006 2.5 NOx + NMHC 3.98 0.21 0.130 40.86 2.11 1.332

2007 - 2009 1.2 NOx + NMHC 1.91 0.10 0.014 19.61 1.01 0.148

2010+ 0.2 NOx 0.33 0.23 0.014 3.44 2.36 0.148

a - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

b - Emission standards were converted where appropriate, using the NMHC and NOx fraction default 

values and the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in Tables D-25 and D-26, respectively. 

c - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24.

d - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only.

e - ROG = Hydrocarbons (HC) * 1.26639. 

Table D-9b 

Emergency Vehicle (Fire Apparatus) 

Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine 

Converted Emission Standards 

Model Year

g/bhp-hr g/mile(a)(b) g/gallon(b)(c)(d)

Certification Standard NOx ROG(e) PM10 NOx ROG(e) PM10

pre-1990 6.0 NOx 17.30 0.89 1.339 103.23 5.33 7.992

1990 6.0 NOx 16.74 0.86 1.296 103.23 5.33 7.992

1991 - 1993 5.0 NOx 13.95 0.72 0.540 86.03 4.44 3.330

1994 - 1997 5.0 NOx 13.49 0.70 0.209 86.03 4.44 1.332

1998 - 2001 4.0 NOx 10.79 0.56 0.209 68.82 3.55 1.332

2002 - 2006 2.5 NOx + NMHC 6.41 0.33 0.209 40.86 2.11 1.332

2007 - 2009 1.2 NOx + NMHC 3.07 0.16 0.023 19.61 1.01 0.148

2010+ 0.2 NOx 0.54 0.37 0.023 3.44 2.36 0.148

a - Mileage based emissions factors were calculated using conversion factors from Table D-28. 

b - Emission standards were converted where appropriate, using the NMHC and NOx fraction default 

values and the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in Tables D-25 and D-26, respectively. 

c - Fuel based emissions factors were calculated using fuel consumption rate factors from Table D-24.

d - Fuel based factors are for engines less than 750 horsepower only.

e - ROG = HC * 1.26639. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 10 EMISSIONS TABLES 

OFF-ROAD PROJECTS AND 

NON-MOBILE AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS 

Table D-10 

Off-Road Diesel Engines Default Load Factors 

Category Equipment Type Load Factor 

Airport Ground Support Aircraft Tug 0.54 

Air Conditioner 0.75 

Air Start Unit 0.90 

Baggage Tug 0.37 

Belt Loader 0.34 

Bobtail 0.37 

Cargo Loader 0.34 

Cargo Tractor 0.36 

Forklift 0.20 

Ground Power Unit 0.75 

Lift 0.34 

Passenger Stand 0.40 

Service Truck 0.20 

Other GSE 0.34 

Mobile Agricultural Agricultural Mowers 0.43 

Agricultural Tractors 0.70 

Balers 0.58 

Combines 0.70 

Hydro Power Units 0.48 

Sprayers 0.50 

Swathers 0.55 

Tillers 0.78 

Other Agricultural 0.51 

Construction Bore/Drill Rigs 0.50 

Cranes 0.29 

Crawler Tractors 0.43 

Crushing/Process Equipment 0.78 

Excavators 0.38 

Graders 0.41 

Off-Highway Tractors 0.44 

Off-Highway Trucks 0.38 

Pavers 0.42 

Other Paving 0.36 

Rollers 0.38 

Rough Terrain Forklifts 0.40 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 11 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-10 

Off-Road Diesel Engines Default Load Factors 

(Continued) 

Category Equipment Type Load Factor 

Construction Rubber Tired Dozers 0.40 

Rubber Tired Loaders 0.36 

Scrapers 0.48 

Signal Boards 0.78 

Skid Steer Loaders 0.37 

Surfacing Equipment 0.30 

Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 0.37 

Trenchers 0.50 

Other Construction Equipment 0.42 

Industrial Aerial Lifts 0.31 

Forklifts 0.20 

Sweepers/Scrubbers 0.46 

Other General Industrial 0.34 

Other Material Handling 0.40 

Logging Fellers/Bunchers 0.71 

Skidders 0.74 

Oil Drilling Drill Rig 0.50 

Lift (Drilling) 0.60 

Swivel 0.60 

Workover Rig (Mobile) 0.50 

Other Workover Equipment 0.60 

Cargo Handling Container Handling Equipment 0.59 

Cranes 0.43 

Excavators 0.57 

Forklifts 0.30 

Other Cargo Handling Equipment 0.51 

Sweeper/Scrubber 0.68 

Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 0.55 

Yard Trucks 0.65 

Non-Mobile Agricultural 

Engines 

Irrigation Pump 0.65 

Other 0.51 

Other All 0.43 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 12 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-11 

Uncontrolled Off-Road Diesel Engines 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Model Year NOx ROG PM10 

25 49 pre-1988 6.51 2.21 0.547 

1988 + 6.42 2.17 0.547 

50 119 pre-1988 12.09 1.73 0.605 

1988 + 8.14 1.19 0.497 

120+ pre-1970 13.02 1.59 0.554 

1970 1979 11.16 1.20 0.396 

1980 1987 10.23 1.06 0.396 

1988 + 7.60 0.82 0.274 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 13 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-12 

Controlled Off-Road Diesel Engines 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr)(a) 

Horsepower Tier NOx ROG PM10 

25-49 1 5.26 1.74 0.480 

2 4.63 0.29 0.280 

4 Interim 4.55 0.12 0.128 

4 Final 2.75 0.12 0.008 

50-74 1 6.54 1.19 0.552 

2 4.75 0.23 0.192 

3

(b) 2.74 0.12 0.192 

4 Interim 2.74 0.12 0.112 

4 Final 2.74 0.12 0.008 

75-99 1 6.54 1.19 0.552 

2 4.75 0.23 0.192 

3 2.74 0.12 0.192 

4 Phase-Out 2.74 0.12 0.008 

4 Phase-In/ 

Alternate NOx 

2.14 0.11 0.008 

4 Final 0.26 0.06 0.008 

100-174 1 6.54 0.82 0.274 

2 4.17 0.19 0.128 

3 2.32 0.12 0.112 

4 Phase-Out 2.32 0.12 0.008 

4 Phase-In/ 

Alternate NOx 

2.15 0.06 0.008 

4 Final 0.26 0.06 0.008 

175-299 1 5.93 0.38 0.108 

2 4.15 0.12 0.088 

3 2.32 0.12 0.088 

4 Phase-Out 2.32 0.12 0.008 

4 Phase-In/ 

Alternate NOx 

1.29 0.08 0.008 

4 Final 0.26 0.06 0.008 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 14 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-12 

Controlled Off-Road Diesel Engines 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr)(a) 

(Continued) 

Horsepower Tier NOx ROG PM10

300-750 1 5.93 0.38 0.108 

2 3.79 0.12 0.088 

3 2.32 0.12 0.088 

4 Phase-Out 2.32 0.12 0.008 

4 Phase-In/ 

Alternate NOx 

1.29 0.08 0.008 

4 Final 0.26 0.06 0.008 

751+ 1 5.93 0.38 0.108 

2 3.79 0.12 0.088 

4 Interim 2.24 0.12 0.048 

4 Final 2.24 0.06 0.016 

Note: 

program per California Code of Regulations, Title 13, section 2423(b)(6) are eligible for funding provided 

the engines are certified to the final Tier 4 emission standards. The ARB Executive Order indicates 

engines certified under this provision. The emission rates for these engines used to determine costeffectiveness shall be equivalent to the emission factors associated with Tier 3 engines. 

For equipment with baseline engines certified under the flexibility provisions per California Code of 

Regulations, Title 13, section 2423(d), baseline emission rates shall be determined by using the previous 

applicable emission standard or Tier for that engine model year and horsepower rating. The ARB 

Executive Order indicates engines certified under this provision. 

a - Emission factors were converted using the ultra low-sulfur diesel fuel correction factors listed in 

Table D-27. 

b - Alternate compliance option. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 15 EMISSIONS TABLES 

LARGE SPARK IGNITION ENGINES 

Table D-13 

Off-Road LSI Equipment Default Load Factors 

Category Equipment Type Load Factor 

Agriculture Agricultural Tractors 0.62 

Balers 0.55 

Combines 0.74 

Sprayers 0.50 

Swathers 0.52 

Other Agricultural Equipment 0.55 

Airport Ground Support A/C Tug 0.80 

Baggage Tug 0.55 

Belt Loader 0.50 

Bobtail 0.55 

Cargo Loader 0.50 

Forklift 0.30 

Ground Power Unit 0.75 

Lift 0.50 

Passenger Stand 0.59 

Other GSE 0.50 

Construction Asphalt Pavers 0.66 

Bore/Drill Rigs 0.79 

Concrete/Industrial Saws 0.78 

Cranes 0.47 

Paving Equipment 0.59 

Rollers 0.62 

Rough Terrain Forklifts 0.63 

Rubber Tired Loaders 0.54 

Skid Steer Loaders 0.58 

Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 0.48 

Trenchers 0.66 

Other Construction 0.48 

Industrial Aerial Lifts 0.46 

Forklifts 0.30 

Sweepers/Scrubbers 0.71 

Other Industrial 0.54 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 16 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-14 

Off-Road LSI Engines 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Fuel Model Year NOx ROG PM10 

25 49 Gasoline Uncontrolled pre-2004 8.01 3.81 0.060 

Controlled 2001-2006 1.33 0.72 0.060 

Controlled 2007-2009(a) 0.89 0.48 0.060 

Controlled 2010+ 0.27 0.14 0.060 

Alt Fuel Uncontrolled pre-2004 13.00 0.90 0.060 

Controlled 2001-2006 1.95 0.09 0.060 

Controlled 2007-2009(a) 1.30 0.06 0.060 

Controlled 2010+ 0.39 0.02 0.060 

50 120 Gasoline Uncontrolled pre-2004 11.84 2.66 0.060 

Controlled 2001-2006 1.78 0.26 0.060 

Controlled 2007-2009(a) 1.19 0.18 0.060 

Controlled 2010+ 0.36 0.05 0.060 

Alt Fuel Uncontrolled pre-2004 10.51 1.02 0.060 

Controlled 2001-2006 1.58 0.11 0.060 

Controlled 2007-2009(a) 1.05 0.07 0.060 

Controlled 2010+ 0.32 0.02 0.060 

>120 Gasoline Uncontrolled pre-2004 12.94 1.63 0.060 

Controlled 2001-2006 1.94 0.16 0.060 

Controlled 2007-2009(a) 1.29 0.11 0.060 

Controlled 2010+ 0.39 0.03 0.060 

Alt Fuel Uncontrolled pre-2004 10.51 0.90 0.060 

Controlled 2001-2006 1.58 0.09 0.060 

Controlled 2007-2009(a) 1.05 0.06 0.060 

Controlled 2010+ 0.32 0.02 0.060 

a - Emission factors for federally certified engines used in preempt equipment. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 17 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-15

Emission Factors for Off-Road LSI Engine Retrofits

Verified to Absolute Emission Number (g/bhp-hr) 

Manufacturers of LSI retrofit systems may verify to a percent emission reduction or 

absolute emissions. If a retrofit system is verified to a percent reduction, the emission 

factors will be that verified percent of the appropriate emissions factors in Table D-14. If 

a retrofit system is verified to an absolute emission number, use the following table for 

the emission factors. 

Fuel Verified Value NOx ROG PM10

Gasoline 3.0 g/bhp-hr 1.78 0.26 0.060 

2.5 g/bhp-hr 1.48 0.22 0.060 

2.0 g/bhp-hr 1.19 0.18 0.060 

1.5 g/bhp-hr 0.89 0.13 0.060 

1.0 g/bhp-hr 0.59 0.09 0.060 

0.6 g/bhp-hr 0.36 0.05 0.060 

0.5 g/bhp-hr 0.30 0.04 0.060 

Alt Fuel 3.0 g/bhp-hr 1.58 0.10 0.060 

2.5 g/bhp-hr 1.32 0.09 0.060 

2.0 g/bhp-hr 1.05 0.07 0.060 

1.5 g/bhp-hr 0.79 0.05 0.060 

1.0 g/bhp-hr 0.53 0.03 0.060 

0.6 g/bhp-hr 0.32 0.02 0.060 

0.5 g/bhp-hr 0.26 0.02 0.060 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 18 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-16

Off-Road LSI Engines Certified to Optional Standards 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Fuel Optional Standard NOx ROG PM10

25-50 Gasoline 1.50 0.67 0.36 0.060 

1.00 0.44 0.24 0.060 

0.60 0.27 0.14 0.060 

0.40 0.18 0.10 0.060 

0.20 0.09 0.05 0.060 

0.10 0.04 0.02 0.060 

Alt Fuel 1.50 0.98 0.05 0.060 

1.00 0.65 0.03 0.060 

0.60 0.39 0.02 0.060 

0.40 0.26 0.01 0.060 

0.20 0.13 0.01 0.060 

0.10 0.07 0.00 0.060 

50-120 Gasoline 1.50 0.89 0.13 0.060 

1.00 0.59 0.09 0.060 

0.60 0.36 0.05 0.060 

0.40 0.24 0.04 0.060 

0.20 0.12 0.02 0.060 

0.10 0.06 0.01 0.060 

Alt Fuel 1.50 0.79 0.05 0.060 

1.00 0.53 0.03 0.060 

0.60 0.32 0.02 0.060 

0.40 0.21 0.01 0.060 

0.20 0.11 0.01 0.060 

0.10 0.05 0.00 0.060 

>120 Gasoline 1.50 0.97 0.08 0.060 

1.00 0.65 0.05 0.060 

0.60 0.39 0.03 0.060 

0.40 0.26 0.02 0.060 

0.20 0.13 0.01 0.060 

0.10 0.06 0.01 0.060 

Alt Fuel 1.50 0.79 0.05 0.060 

1.00 0.53 0.03 0.060 

0.60 0.32 0.02 0.060 

0.40 0.21 0.01 0.060 

0.20 0.11 0.01 0.060 

0.10 0.05 0.00 0.060 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 19 EMISSIONS TABLES 

LOCOMOTIVES 

Table D-17a 

Locomotive Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Based on 1998 Federal Standards 

Engine Model Year Type NOx(a) ROG(b) PM10(a)

Pre-1973 Line-haul and 

Passenger 

12.22 0.51 0.275 

Switcher 16.36 1.06 0.378 

1973-2001 

Tier 0 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

8.93 1.05 0.516 

Switcher 13.16 2.21 0.619 

2002-2004 

Tier 1 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

6.96 0.58 0.387 

Switcher 10.34 1.26 0.464 

2005-2011 

Tier 2 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

5.17 0.32 0.172 

Switcher 7.61 0.63 0.206 

These factors are to be used for the project baseline emissions if the baseline locomotive is certified or 

required to be certified to the 1998 federal locomotive remanufacture standards, and for the reduced 

emission locomotive if the project locomotive is remanufactured to these 1998 standards. Factors are 

based upon Regulatory Impact Analysis: Final United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. 

EPA) Locomotive Regulation (2008). 

a - NOx and PM10 emission factors have been adjusted by a factor of 0.94 and 0.86, respectively, to 

account for use of California ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. 

b - ROG = HC * 1.053
As of 4/28/2011 D - 20 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-17b 

Locomotive Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Based on 2008 Federal Standards 

Engine Model Year Type NOx(a) ROG(b) PM10(a)

1973-2001 

Tier 0+ 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

6.96 0.58 0.189 

Switcher 11.09 2.21 0.224 

2002-2004 

Tier 1+ 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

6.96 0.58 0.189 

Switcher 10.34 1.26 0.224 

2005-2011 

Tier 2+ 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

5.17 0.32 0.086 

Switcher 7.61 0.63 0.112 

2011-2014 

Tier 3 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

5.17 0.32 0.086 

Switcher 4.70 0.63 0.086 

2015 

Tier 4 

Line-haul and 

Passenger 

1.22 0.15 0.026 

Switcher 1.22 0.15 0.026 

These factors are to be used for the project baseline emissions if the baseline locomotive is certified or 

required to be certified to the new (2008) federal locomotive remanufacture standards, and for the 

reduced emission locomotive if the project locomotive is remanufactured to the new standards or meets 

Tier 3 standards. Factors are based upon Regulatory Impact Analysis: Final U.S. EPA Locomotive 

Regulation (2008). 

a - NOx and PM10 emission factors have been adjusted by a factor of 0.94 and 0.86, respectively, to 

account for use of California ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. 

b - ROG = HC * 1.053
As of 4/28/2011 D - 21 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-18 

Locomotive Idle-Limiting Device Emission Reduction Factors 

Type Factor 

Switchers 0.90 

Line-Haul 0.97 

Passenger 0.97 

Note: Factors based on assumption Idle Limiting Device 

(ILD) reduces locomotive engine idling by 50 percent. 

Multiply total baseline emissions by this factor to determine 

reduced emissions with ILD. 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 22 EMISSIONS TABLES 

MARINE VESSELS

Table D-19a 

Uncontrolled Harbor Craft Propulsion Engine 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Model Year NOx ROG PM10 

25-50 All 7.57 1.32 0.520 

51-120 pre-1997 14.27 1.04 0.575 

1997+ 9.70 0.71 0.524 

121-250 pre-1971 15.36 0.95 0.527 

1971-1978 14.27 0.79 0.451 

1979-1983 13.17 0.72 0.376 

1984+ 12.07 0.68 0.376 

251+ pre-1971 15.36 0.91 0.506 

1971-1978 14.27 0.76 0.431 

1979-1983 13.17 0.68 0.363 

1984-1994 12.07 0.65 0.363 

251-750 1995+ 8.97 0.49 0.260 

751+ 1995+ 12.07 0.60 0.363 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 23 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-19b 

Controlled Harbor Craft Propulsion Engine 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Tier NOx ROG PM10 

25-50 1 6.93 1.30 0.580 

2 5.04 1.30 0.240 

3 5.04 1.30 0.176 

51-120 1 6.93 0.71 0.524 

2 5.04 0.71 0.240 

3 5.04 0.71 0.176 

121-175 1 8.97 0.49 0.290 

2 4.84 0.49 0.176 

3 3.60 0.49 0.077 

176-750 1 8.97 0.49 0.290 

2 4.84 0.49 0.120 

3 3.87 0.49 0.068 

751-1900 1 8.97 0.49 0.290 

2 5.24 0.49 0.160 

3 3.87 0.49 0.068 

1901 + 1 8.97 0.49 0.290 

2 5.24 0.49 0.160 

3 4.14 0.49 0.085 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 24 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-20a 

Uncontrolled Harbor Craft Auxiliary Engine 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr) 

Horsepower Model Year NOx ROG PM10

25-50 all 6.42 1.58 0.460

51-120 pre-1997 12.09 1.23 0.508

1997+ 8.14 0.85 0.417

121-250 pre-1971 13.02 1.13 0.466

1971-1978 12.09 0.94 0.399

1979-1983 11.16 0.86 0.333

1984-1995 10.23 0.82 0.333

1996+ 7.75 0.59 0.255

251-750 pre-1971 13.02 1.08 0.448

1971-1978 12.09 0.90 0.381

1979-1983 11.16 0.81 0.321

1984-1994 10.23 0.77 0.321

1995+ 7.60 0.58 0.230

751 + pre-1971 13.02 1.08 0.448

1971-1978 12.09 0.90 0.381

1979-1986 11.16 0.81 0.321

1987-1998 10.23 0.72 0.321

1999+ 7.75 0.58 0.255
As of 4/28/2011 D - 25 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-20b 

Controlled Harbor Craft Auxiliary Engine 

Emission Factors (g/bhp-hr)

Horsepower Tier NOx ROG PM10 

25-50 1 6.54 1.54 0.511 

2 5.04 1.54 0.240 

3 5.04 1.54 0.176 

51-120 1 6.93 0.85 0.464 

2 5.04 0.85 0.240 

3 5.04 0.85 0.176 

121-175 1 6.93 0.58 0.255 

2 4.84 0.58 0.176 

3 3.60 0.58 0.077 

176-750 1 6.93 0.58 0.255 

2 4.84 0.58 0.120 

3 3.78 0.58 0.068 

751-1900 1 6.93 0.58 0.255 

2 5.24 0.58 0.160 

3 3.87 0.58 0.068 

1901 + 1 6.93 0.58 0.255 

2 5.24 0.58 0.160 

3 4.14 0.58 0.085 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 26 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-21 

Harbor Craft Load Factors 

Vessel Type Propulsion Engine Auxiliary Engine 

Charter Fishing 0.52 

0.43 

Commercial Fishing 0.27 

Ferry/Excursion 0.42 

Pilot 0.51 

Tow 0.68 

Work 0.45 

Other 0.52 

Barge/Dredge 0.45 0.65 

Crew & Supply 0.38 0.32 

Tug 0.50 0.31 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 27 EMISSIONS TABLES 

Table D-22 

Shore Power 

Default Emission Rates (Grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kW-hr)) 

Pollutant Emission Rate 

NOx 13.9

ROG 0.49

PM10 (marine gas oil fuel with 

0.11- 0.5 % sulfur content)

0.38

PM10 (marine gas oil fuel with <= 

0.10 % sulfur content)

0.25

Table D-23 

Shore Power 

Default Power Requirements 

Ship Category 

Ship Size / Type Default 

(Twenty-foot Equivalent 

Unit (TEU)) 

Power Requirement 

(kW) 

Container Vessel <1,000 1,000 

1,000 1,999 1,300 

2,000 2,999 1,600

3,000 3,999 1,900

4,000 4,999 2,200

5,000 5,999 2,300

6,000 6,999 2,500

7,000 7,999 2,900

8,000 9,999 3,300

10,000 12,000 3,700

Passenger Vessel No Default Value Use Actual Power 

Requirement(a)

Reefer Break Bulk 1,300 

Fully containerized 3,300 

a - The average power requirement for passenger vessels is 7,400 kW (ARB Oceangoing Vessel 

Survey, 2005). 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 28 EMISSIONS TABLES 

ALL ENGINES 

Table D-24 

Fuel Consumption Rate Factors (bhp-hr/gal) 

Category Horsepower/Application Fuel Consumption Rate 

Non-Mobile Agricultural 

Engines 

ALL 17.5 

Locomotive Line Haul and Passenger 

(Class I/II) 

20.8 

Line Haul and Passenger 

(Class III) 

18.2 

Switcher 15.2 

Other < 750 hp 18.5 

> 750 hp 20.8 
As of 4/28/2011 D - 29 EMISSIONS TABLES 

REFERENCES 

The information in these tables has already been incorporated into the preceding 

emission factor tables. These tables are included for informational purposes. 

Table D-25 

Pollutant Fractions 

NOx+NMHC Standards 

Diesel Engines Alternative Fuel Engines

NOx NMHC NOx NMHC 

0.95 0.05 0.80 0.20 

Table D-26 

Fuel Correction Factors 

On-Road Diesel Engines 

Model Year NOx PM10 HC 

Pre- 2007 0.93 0.72 0.72

2007+ 0.93 0.80 0.72

Table D-27 

Fuel Correction Factors 

Off-Road Diesel Engines 

Model Year NOx PM10

Pre-Tier 1 0.930 0.720

Tier 1+ 0.948 0.800

Table D-28 

Conversion Factors for NOx, ROG and PM10 

Heavy-Duty Vehicle Projects (bhp-hr/mile) 

Model Year 

Medium Heavy-Duty 

14,001-33,000 lbs 

Heavy Heavy-Duty 

33,000 lbs + 

Urban Bus

33,000 lbs + 

Pre-1989 1.9 3.1 4.0 

1990 - 1993 1.8 3.0 4.0 

1994 - 1995 1.8 2.9 4.0 

1996+ 1.8 2.9 4.0