T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on a nd i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d byN i nth C i r c ui tR ul e 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. KE NN E T H V AN AA L S B UR G, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 08- 10575 D . C . N o. C R -07-00 60 3-JW -1 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e N o rth e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia J a m e s W a r e , D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d N ove m be r4, 2009 S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif

o rn ia B efo re: B . F L E T C H E R , C A N B Y , an dG R A B E R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. D e f e n d a n t K e n n e th V a n A a ls b u r g p le a d e dg u iltyto p o s s e s s io n o f c h ild pornogr aphyi n vi ol a t i on of 18 U . S . C . § 2252( a ) ( 4) ( B ) . H e appe a l s f r om the di stri ctcourt ’ s app l i ca t i on of ce rt ai n sent enci ng enhancem ent s. W e c on cl ud e that th e s e n t e n c i n g e n h a n c e me n t s w e r e p r o p e r l yap p l i e da n d , th u s , a f f i rm. 

# FI LED

NO V 19 2009 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

1. D e f e nda ntf i r s tc ont e nds tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourte rr e d byappl y i ng a

" pr e ponde r a nc e of

the e vi de nc e " s t a nda r d be c aus e the di s put e d s e nt e nc i ng e nha nc e m e nt s ha d adi s pr oport i ona t e e f f e c ton hi s s e nt e nc e . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. Jo rd an , 2 5 6 F . 3 d9 2 2 , 9 2 8 (9 th C i r. 2 0 0 1 ). W e h o l dth atan y erro r w as h arm l ess be y ond ar e a s onabl e doubtbe c aus e c l e a ra nd c onvi nc i ng e vi de nc e s upport e d the di s put e d e nha nc e m e nt s . S e e U ni t e d S t a t e s v. M e z a s de J e s us , 217 F . 3d 638, 642 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 0 ) ( s ta tin g h a rm le s s e rr o rs ta n d a r d ) . 2. W e r e vi e w de novo the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s i nt e rpr e t a t i on of the S e nt e nc i ng G u id e lin e s , a n dw e r e v ie w f o rc le a re rr o rth e d is tr ic t c o u rt’s f in d in g s o f

f a c t. U ni t ed S t at es v. G arro, 51 7 F . 3d 11 63 , 11 67 (9th C i r. 20 08 ). "W e have not ed an in tr a c ir c u it c o n f

lic t r e g a r d in g w h e th e rw e r e v ie w ap p lic a tio n o f th e G u id e lin e s to th e f a c ts f ora n abus e of

di s c r e t i on orde novo. " U ni t e d S t a t e s v. R i ve r a , 527 F . 3d 89 1, 90 8 (9th C i r. ), ce rt . deni ed, 12 9 S . C t . 65 4 (20 08 ). A gai n, tho ug h, the choi ce o f as ta n d a r dd o e s n o t a f

f e c t th e o u tc o m e h e r e , b e c au s e th e d is tr ic t c o u rt p r o p e r ly ap p l i ed th e sen t en ci n g en h an cem en t s. T he r e w a s s uf

f i c i e nte vi de nc e tha tD e f e nda ntpos s e s s e d m or e tha n 600 i m ages of ac tual chi l dren engaged in se xu al l y e xp l i ci tcond uct . A l l 70 00 i m ages w er e i n D ef

endant ’ s posse ss i on even tho ug h som e of the i m ages had b ee n d el et ed3

or otherw i se pl ac ed i n "l ostspac e" on D ef endant ’ s c om pu t erdri ve. A nd ac tual c hi l dr e n ne e d notbe s pe c i f i c a l l yi de nt i f

i e d. T here w as al so suff

i ci entevi dence thatD ef endantpo ss es se d m at er i al in v o lv in g p r e p u b e s c e n t m in o r s a n dm a te r ia l d is p la y in g s a d is tic o rm a s o c h is tic c onduc t . F i r s t , D e f

e nda nta dm i tt e d t o pos s e s s i ng s uc h m a t e r i a l a tthe t i m e tha the pl ea ded g ui l ty. S ec on d, there w as t es t i m on y thatsom e i m ages of these types depi ct ed ac tual , i dent i fi ed chi l dren engaged in se xu al cond uct . T hi rd, the di stri ct c o u rt its e lf

v ie w e ds o m e im a g e s . T h e g o v e rn m e n t d idn o t h a v e to p r o v e th a t th e c h ild r e n d e p ic te dw e r e s till a liv e a t th e tim e o f

th e o f f e n s e . C h ildp o rn o g r ap h yis u n p r o te c te ds p e e c h n o t o n ly be c aus e of

the ongoi ng ha rm i nf

l i c t e d on c hi l dr e n bythe " pe rm ane ntr e c or d" of the i rs uf f e r i ng, buta l s o be c aus e of the ha rm i nvol ve d i n i t s pr oduc t i on. A s hc r of tv. F re e S peec h C oal i t i on , 53 5 U . S . 23 4, 24 9-50 (200 2) (c i t i ng N ew Y ork v . F erber, 4 5 8 U .S . 7 4 7 , 7 5 9 - 6 0 ( 1 9 8 2 ) ) . AF F I R ME D.