ncidence and mpaet of 

Damage to F 

Timber, "180 

neidence and mpact of Darnage to 

orida's Timber, 1 980 

Rotrer--p. R-. AII~C:TSCIP~,' Joe F? McCl~bure,' 

Noel D, Cost,,' and VV'illliama k--8. i.-4ioftard1 

'Ne:;oi~r ce Analysts, Strr itt-itz;lster.u~ Forest Fxpi!i irr ref rt 

Staeio-,, A:;i-leville, I"dor"l> CariiFina. 
Ar9i3 qe? 

!:'oreword, ............................... j.v 

introdunction, .................... ......... '? 

!;amp1 lnq Procedure, ................. ........ 'I 

Co~~pui:.aczouis, ......... ................... "i 

liicidence of DajnLiq i.rtg Aqer~P-u arid W~SOI-:~~ Let! ilu li ............ 3 

Mortcliii..y, A:is~~cii?te~k CullR cfil(j: (:p-~:ij? ty ILcsnu co * .u ,. * I 4 
'P'hnls :d,u.l.Lctir~ reports survey rJi;it:a 

oil ,d.qci?ts iic3:rrdcgi.riij trees ill P''l.c~r~-dt3.ts 

st l3at.,l were col lccted iii IC%'/8, 

i979, aricE 1'J1'10 by Lire Renewable 

Resou rcns i-:val.tlruti.i-,rl Work [Jni l: 01- d?n 

Soiit:l-ie,~r;teri~ Pburcst F:x,rxix-irncrn. Station, 

Thi :; c.f for t was part. i:)'i: t.116. fi fth i-rrvei~ -- t!.)ry of the State es i'cr'res ti;, (:Y>risi.d!?r "- 

ahly mi.,rr? i.xiforrnat i.m ~a,:: c(c3t.?ie?r'ed is 

Liris liir,,~n i.n previoris i.xlvenl:or:ic.i, fl?~i.s 

dddr Zrioi-ral i-ir forma tl-on make:$ pox::+i in1.e 

pi,hl.ic<-kl-ion o'f r<:por?:i; cjt? f(-)r.t?c;t. 

r.e-Isollrcesi !-~ther than t;.ir;,hc?r, a::: wt-:-ill a:; 

thl-s spc:ciii 1-i zed r-eport on kilnher 

:.i;r~n;~cye . 

l9-1e SoiiP:Yi.ean txrn labor e:;l 1-:xipiii-inicn t 

Stabion l.n P,sli.~:~iiiLLri, i.lic.jr.t:h Carol-iim, 

peri.odi cdl. i y i.nverif;i?r i.es and evn. l~.idt.e:-; 

f ciu:e:;t rc:;c:mrc-:es ? 1% Fl.or i da, Getrrcyi;~, 

Cdou.t.lr C;rroiirr;i ,, Sou t11 CE_PZ.C>~ l n;l, and - - 

I. 'Pie Soutl-1c~r-ist-.err1 Rrcaa,, State 

arici i?rri vatc b'or~-::;t.ry, i"~lrre!r;t P6ei;l; 

P*liirl.ucjr~meril: St.dff lir1i.t-., h6?adc~uarter6-6-d in 

A i ?.aril--a, Geor-qia, prrovi de.; lrrcii r1i.n~~ tin:? 

Fic?Td i;~xy,pc"irC- and helps eva liiate Ir.1.x~: 

dcil,.j or1 fore:it i nse(::ts, disea::;~?~, arid 

o tkreu- d,~tiiaqi.xiq scjent:;, 

Dirniaclc? is d6:::;cri 1:>(313 here, kju i 

ai.q?ropr? ate criipasurci; for r;reveni..inti 

(j.clnid qc.: ,;r re ~TII:~ t , Re!; i i?f?il?.:; of Fl ori da 

reqlxi rinq i-ecl~rrica .l ass is t'ar~cc;. wit'kl 

forestry problerrxs c-rn State ,~rrd privnt.~~~ 

I and shou1:l cont;ic b.: 

-1.1 c; t-acj t-<:b (36: t-.(-? r:p.i 11,1> k.:~ t? :; ,dIllJ~) -l(? 1jO-i. 71 t::; a 

J-J,#?t;c~~~>:<t5 CJ~ +h~i J: IJI~~-LTL~E! q~20(-71~.:%13?1.i.<:~31. 

: ;i y c-111 t., i.hc: KIP.^^; wc r(: :; ir r vey c-rl i-n a - - rii :'feri>i.rt- ?iar;i!t? f:.~. 112 ~:.!LI-? K<?yi;, qrOS:-; 

,AT-ti,ic; were c:;l-i niii i-.c,tl by ~lr; i mi: t.er or! 

~ir: i._i.<;. 1 ;.)k~~ii:iic~c;lpi?s; on whi.c?li ij* :-; 

(-;~:c!l c~ji (~~3 j. SUY wry I->cinznr!(ir.i (,is wc::rr? 

c I-;: n s f e r r:e (3. I: r iiiui irr a.1, i; , 'i'l?s I:, rc:?c3.ir dow1.1~ 

cjf qrc>s;,s 'i~:re<~q(? ~.IL~O :;q)c?r:i.fic: Ian(-] g6.;c.!~:i 

VJ~=:~+: h.::;ed ~jjxirl t:hc> (jrc-)~lr~d c!.a:;sifi.cat: j- c311 (.>f 4 s a l[Lp s c? -1 r)(:a Li. or1 :-; * 

* F (j r k.1-I (2 e r I f.: j- -r: e S t- CI t: (2 l, f? s t: i r1.1~1 t. e: &-; 

elf' i.%rrri,eu. vo lurnc: <,nc:I' forest ::I;~:?r;i f i.i:ar i oii,; wcrc h#ic;i-d or; mc;l:;r;r6:mcmi:s 

7-ecor(i6-:ii <-I i: 4, 680 r~rciirrid s~im~i'1.c: 3 ocd -- 

ti.oris i~yi;tcrria"i-lcciS 1-q djsi;rii?ril-.ed on 

c:c)lnmerci.ii i. fore:;:. j,iild., '!.'he pj:c.>t t'k??; 1 cqrl 

<,it r1,-irI-l lo~:~~t-ic>~~. xd:=; lh~.isc~:3. or) t3 [:::!~~st:er 

2 111~ 717 nio!-;I. cii:;cls, variiab!ci 

i>l.!j:..:s ,+,~,r(-: :;y:st,*-~rr~~.~t~.~:d~L 1.y :;pac:ed wi.t.kl.tr) 

sir?c<l.t= f!ore::l: (:.oqtii.tj c1r1 ,3fr 5 of' the. 10 

~.:l~~;t.er poir11:s IE<-I-I(:J 3. 1)c3sg11.~--c~1+ted f<jc;tc~r 

oi. 3"/,li i;cjl~a~-c tee;, !?er acre, 'i'reec 

le-:.;s t.lr;ir; 5, ii irlciic!s d,ii,h, were @aLli (+?d 

c>n fi.xt:ci--ri~tiltri; 13.io~s ,-croiind tirr? ricrirrt. 

(-I>l?+e>v.s L,. ..-," 

e Se~dlLi ,ri<.~:j ,sF).lrtllj:< vi-~ie?; (71 ~1,"s:~ -- 

eb:;! !c>ick)sr <3.I-?(.i 0t:Ile~: l.e-*:;ser: vecj,fk?iLaf:i.c>rl 

~I(:c:I:I~:L ~L~cJ w<.t-hi-1-1 c-! J~-~-c)*c>I: ~c~11.11:: ~jf' 

ii+i !.r?c tid pi,^ 11i- c:t7r~ lrer s were iijerl f-"ifi i:ci 

,1176 Y'E(?~>L'~<?(~ a f: c!<jch forest !;eira~^'lc 

! oc:a i: I b-)IpL. 

r I;:qu.i ti t:)n$; <it? vc-lopeti fr.:>n.l d(ct.a~. Led 

Irlc~.tsi:rcrirrit'rtt-.~ of :.;!-ar~tlii ric] t.rcles i.rl 

~~'~lc>;rl1~;5 ~%rjd ~:bl~(>ll(~?lcXJf. tk16? ~'~(ll.,lkk'16.?F35k 

were u:;ed !.o c.:cimj)kil.e vol.rrrricis (.if indiviciu~jl tr*l.ly t:.rf?e:;- A ~r~irr(->r calipe~ and 

?it:(: tl i>li~l 1. d ~~liii.rii~lir? 162s Wc-jrc'* :1~.:~>ij t~) 

nreasu re :lpjier :;terns of s t:antii.:iu t-ree:; , 

In atid%f:ic?ri, Fel.lc:ti tr"(?e:; were rrr~b;i?;ii~.ei2 

,it 97 ncrt.i ve c:iit:r Lriq oj>o~,i ti.c>r~:-i 1-0 

i>~'i)~'l:3e ii ti iizatr.:,n fapi-ors for t:kria 

rJ,l ffereriik i.irni)er ;~rc-idiir.i--i-, and species 

cjroil!?s ,mcl to :;upp.i.emerrt tixe :+t;rnCIincj-- 

tree vo?.iirn6~ :-; tuiiy , 

* C r<.)\~gt.h , lr emcr vd ! r; , arr r? in(-) r t;t 1. i l- y 

vgiir-I-: et; t?.rn<~i.ed f xom the ri.i~tena~irernortt of 

4,614 11c;rrri;rner)i: sample p1ot.s c:r;t..dl;il;kreia 

in tiit? 1'3.70 iaivent:ory,, A 1979 s~.~rvciy iif 

I>~.vj.s~c~ri of Fc~~e:?t:7:-q~ F~Lori(h !>e~,~jrt;rr~er~t. 

of Ayri ciklt1ii.e ailci COI~SU~TI~~~ S~~I~~CC!S, 

a' L.or~c; -. wj~ ti-] the aniiua l 1'1u .! pwoc.,d. proo1i.r~:-- 

tion st.t~rJy ji.1 the So:it&~, pn-ciwi-ded 

addil:ii-)rral ix~forwriat.iit.!n for- k;nc.eril~,.dowr1:: of 

-i eiulova 1.5; by pr-odiie t , 

Al.1 Eit2:L.d dalza were is(-:nr to 

Ashtivi ].I(-2 for ed iiti ny, piinc:her? ot.1 i:aii-ds, 

drld stored OX) iYii3(.Jl?i? li.~: tape ifor i:orrii!u ~6.r 

;proice:-;:;i rxrj, sort inq, anti i-aknia t~Lr3i-r. 

Fj. i.la !. es t j.'ina i.(:::'; were i?<?:;c:*,.E (?.1-1 s ta l: i s ti. .-" 

ca:i. sr~~rire; ol" the (ddt.n, A; c.;ieXi oi 

the foi~r Survey Uiii l.s in FCiori,da was 

conupleLcd, special slirnnilr i ei; of C:?-I(: 

iili~~2ar;ir~~t.i.i were ddd~ed he7 nli~ster- ciai:.?~ 

I. i1.e~ of f~rest r<?SolirCE! s k.c~ t.i :-;ti cs 

i~1d i nLair1e!t3 iri Ashevi.1. le for t:"rr? cln1.i r-c! 

Sc>ut.hedsP. P, F'cire:.;i Lrlfkrrr1dI:.ior1 . . Rntri.evai (P'rII) [)rijyr:;lin availai-?.le for 

COIII~~?. LiriCj i nFrirrnal.2 on for. any .?l re;^ of 

interest as il coopr rd t- i ve servi re, 

'I. i,.x.nliti., ocr size i::l.a.;scr::; of trc-:e:; 

were: :;aplincg:;, LO to 4, 9 ii-lcl-is-.~ 

d,ii:~,X.i, ; sof "r-c~roocl p13j.e~~ 4,O to 53-9 

jncirei: d,b,h,; liarc-lwood pni,es, 5-0 to 

'1 0 -9 i nche:; d,Esr,i-~, ; .;of twoob s<~wtirniie?r., 

9, 0 .inches anci ;iho ve ; ;and h.3r tlwcroil 

sr2w ti mher, 1 1 , I1 iarche:l; and l~f~i:).tre, 

2 , Wo Luir~e equ i3 t.i. ~)i.i(i ww i? k)r)3ed o !I 

tie t cl.iied Inease rc?merit-, of' st.;iiiiP;i ncl arid 

i"e l.Led trees .i n i? t.orida ~iid s iirti.lar 

meas~jrement:-; t.clicen fu'orri otl~cr tr-c:i?r; 

throi~,qI~oiii i-1-1. ~~outheast, '2'hc?i;e wc7rc 

used T.o t:e,xnh>li tc: rrzerchdi~ Zriiki1.e and I;o tdl 

(2 11 k> i. c-: VCIr 1 ce 

3. '?%c syrriptconjx thc-it were iar;t?r.i to 

itlei-iti fy the iratx:;e of. damacje t.o .i ?.v? r~cj 

t:recs or) kl.9.e sar:rpLed jil.tits are pri?senl.etl 

on pacjc?'; 5--6, 'i.'hc+ perrcr:rt -irir:i cicnc:r2 and 

cull. ric;so~i.~~.ted with e:i~c:h darnacjci c i iiss 

were? e::d.i~ii teed. c:(?YI.~:~~c of ?~p@c.!~c?>i 

vo!rlme and tcil-al v1.>7~rtnie> l?.ons al.l:rrikiut-- 

alY1.e to a 1 1. aa.jc?rril-.s (-;"magi rig a r-;jree:i.es 

were also estirnilted, Nriii?. that data or1 

per-cent i riciderli.:e rid ixr!.L asnesciat.ed 

dam3 ye tko not inup.iy ti?l.;j.i tzree loss ,, 

011iy r-ic31-t i,t t:ii~c: volume .in dS~0(7jd!.(s;d 
::till wcjr;lrl fa-i. I. co i-~uaii.iy ii~r .;orrrc+ 

cornr?c-.rr: La? ri::e,, :;uc:h T!R fir~woorj. ''I3%<? 

vci:iiine loc,i; was t3c-.l:c?rr!i.ic?tl Sy tcit.ijl.:lr?c.~ 

the vo l time rsf c~r.l-'i <i::~;oc:i,jCed VJL.LY;L~ each 

Iic?:,l_., hy r.1-~ecri.err, 

4, !ir.ir~I.i?;y 10:~s wa:; tJeterri.iric~d 'jy 

Z:ald;:F r.ecl tiie rriintiser c>f Irrc.*rii; i:.hat were 

si~i'f i r:ientl.y .L;ii-qti, i-)uL c3i-d rnot qn;il.i.fy 

as :-;iiiwi.imlser :.iles i-)i.c:<3..rse cjt dand(.je, 

'"h .. j) : P. i.c--llocjl: \rc>L~~ani? ir: the :~;aw-loc~ 

purt:i.on 71'i i:lrescb tr-c.!es was tcii~:iputt?(i~ 

'1'hj.s voJi~i:uc-? is inlccn dc, ?he qi'a'i-il..y 

3: h!,>tii, 1-rijwever, chat tll'ib" IoSsei; LII 

c7ual.i ty iri ticties ftia l: were :rot. tlan~d yeti 

erioriqh to be ~i-~llci raw) Cr-om !:he i;i-i\i~-- 

tirril?c? r cai.ec~or.y. ,.i YE: exr: J-ude!? , 

5. P.'ic)rtali Ly cc,.i-i.Ltl rii~)t ??e ati:~ribul:at-i i:o danl,-igincj a(-jer:ti; becaiissi it. was 

nft.ei? ?.i!:prj:~i;ii?ii.. 1.0 dni:crmii~ci tkii. ;-.ciili;e 

of ric~ti-kl, In iT!dny C:ri?i.F?Sr ii ~TCSC? t.ii-L:li<>:--! 

iul the last i;urvc?y 10 ye;irs aclc.) was 

c:irri,r~iy rr.iis:;lnq,, Ti: WCI?< I~OC~SI~>J(?~ I.I(:)wever, t.o c1cterm.r ne -v.!~lnriit? lo:;:; tc) 

111iir LC+ li ly for riczcki tree spccj es on c?=ich 

plot.. By !r:;i-rrcj i-t'cdl. niori.;~? S-ty k>)r tree 

sl~ccicar;, It wds possili'1.c. lo arrive ,3 t 

1-oi-cl! vc.>!ilrne !osi: i(7lp ~:Io'~c?;s iiiicA :;awtirn-- 

k>er by !zrt,:ci srjeciei;, 

6, p:c:onon~-i c i .;:ljiai:e o~as :Ictermi~zec-i 

i-,y :-rlin lti p !yi.ry the_ t.otal. .orooil f'ii,c:v. .irid 

c~~.i~-ili~t:y I.<>!;!; for eilclh t..rre spec-iei; by 

the stumpdcjei valrlc per ur!] t, Ti-xc?i;i? 

dii! Jar r?s!.ixnaic?:; .i#c!rc talker) from ;irr 

avc.2raqe of (-1 nurni:,o~: of l:j.rnber sale:; in 

FtL(:,l-i.d:3 jr1 'i9t<CI* 

ir~c~cber~ce of Danlagirlg Agents 

arad Associated Cull 

!!~t.,i: ifiil tt3h-L~~ Ii-I ti-,::; r'epiiri- i;kioihi 

!iun:i~tir-:; of dirr:laged i.rie.-4; dnii vril.iimi?s of 

~.larnaqe!r?r ti niber by I:ree :-;j)c?ci as, , " 

XI these fi c~ur-es, :-:ume P@c>JJ?-(? illi,ly 

c:! :io I?e i riri-;rc:c! ed -i r! ihe ~3cre;aijcs i n 

~~;irio~:s 4orc.::-st t:yyi~v' ani? c;l.rlrid-si~,c I.1. 1 c - , . .- 'rc?l,lc? 1 !:.irouides these 

rillinher r; , 

I'ahles 2 axrd 3 xhciw l;er-it:r>l.~i(ji?.ci 1:)f' 

tr(?es tiamiiqecl i)y F; I ::e :-:?a'_:s arid t. lee 

.;j>ec.ler;, ovC!r.<3 :.:; !la7 dwood:-; ?la(! Irl<jr(? 

dr?rn;iqe thclr? ~;oj~I-~qZJi-x-liji;~ an(l i-:a1-)1:~17ci;s i:<r,-i 

:rwre t3.t3.rnr3c;jf2 ~han j~oI.e?-i~~ihe~r or :-;~WL~ITIhc:?. 1~o1-1-i pir.ic* cti?ii i-)c:l:?c:j/i->r-c::;:t. -dc-.rp tl.i<:, 

!nos t !'rec.j rrexr i~ iy tl;iir!d egi?d ~;oi- l-v~ooii L;iiri-- 

1.1.nq:z; por~d pi TIG-? CLIICI c-e(Li 17 \~:rt+: t-lie ITLCIS t 

C rc?c:uc:rit Ly ti<imaqi,:l .;c-)f t.vic)od lici!c. t irrihc?~: 

trees; and loi.)!LoJ iy pine <31-1ci c-e(Jiir- v~crc. 

tl~e rnosi f r ec?\ri?rltl y riiiniti cjc?ti sof f-wood 

;awi:.ir:iber i.ri!rs . ;pu incc pj-nr ;m:ir? :;.i a:;?i 

:;i.nci were tlhc !.eiji;t f'req.irc!r.ii.iy c-i;iiii,icy~-d 

*<O.F'W<IO~.~ ?S;J.~>~.~.~!CJS; kiri;(i~y~-~r~?r;~;rf?~~ ii~~(j :;l.,l:;l? 

1)-i rue ~firc; t-Aie I.cias t "rcc~ireni. ly ii;iri:sqer? 

p:>: e i- iirribar r' trec:s; ;~ritl li;i l~icyr,rc~i;s,, 

l oriql e.1 f ~jiirl~., ?rr:l <L<j:;'ii rii ne ~(3142 t-hf-? 

! et?s t f'reqiierl L! ")7 d;irn;mc~c?ti sof -'cwc.io,-1 !:,<M-- 

i! . Colt-.onwc;oci .irld !,l;icli 

w,-~Lnli t: we reh the i!~s i: "rcq~rex~ rr l y ti,i;r!acie(3, 

sdpl-lr.~q.-.;ize 'ririrdwo~-)d?;; sjri:aiTlori. ai-ici 

l~clrd ITL.I~J-C ~~:rc+ t.Y~e ITiOSr. f!?:~:(qi~,erttL-y 

cianraqed h;rrrc?wircli:i poies; axid I?eocfi ,-~r-iil? 

and Loyqii?!;, were-! drric;ncl c?nrii;~q(> fiir-E or:; 

i;ilc?wLnc~ tl-ie: Lce;i!.;t iiicidc?rl~*c:, b14ti-I t-I?(-, 

excc:~:)tiori of: c,;iprc.i;s, :;uyjl>rei;sii:b~i iii~ii 

!S 11 !.j TI t3 t i <> ri C: <3 IJ ; c-! (3 f-.IYli'> 7- (2 t- Ci i I 1- I (> !S F; 

1 n '1) a r dwc )c-rri s , too, f c? rrri vj.~~.; I-;y l or 

tire r-10s t FT.~~~u~IzI-. C-:IIII:;C OF ~i;irnacjia-- 

t::.;peci-al.I.y irl C.hc :;dp-!.irrc~ c:insi;, T1.1is 


]ir-i>kclll F; t(:&m of ar:y ii.i ,iarctc?r irr a. z rec; 

\, 0-4ec, inches d,i.?,'ii, 

or !.oiyq incj ciama (1" i roo{: rot, parer-i t. 

1ie;iiier.-.-.ALL uy?ecic:s. 're+?t:It ~r~%rks -. -- -- -- (.jn I)oIc? of' tret::s 

C;ap"~~~~:lrc::r . --.-A1.i. speci e.2. Clcrs ter 

OF i;;q,l 1.1 hcjl e:; that encl w.cl 5 tree '!s 

1.e a 

v/eatE.ic-:r... -. -A LJ. c;yji?c:.i eG;. PJ~-~I:J~,!IY.~>w .- 

~jcq~\~~ni.r~<~ ~;t:rj.ke:;~ et:cL) crippreiss i 011 :;t:.aqnc~ti.c>l~ ,- ---PA.Ll " __ "_ -. 

srjc?(;.iiz~, (]~7ciI"k~lpj?c?(j kiC?b?s Wi?:i? r)t?f.lr 

1 (:>l-r!l * 

c All ;)c?ojiie . - tl,-irid~,~;re, axc:cjit tk~d t rein Led to lo(g(]!: n7. 

t,uqcyinc~ r-elrl tetl, ----111.1 s>~)c?(- e:;. "" " .- -- 

!.,(.ic)qi:.~c~ scar on stem; c:a.B. 1.~5; ri.c-?cjes 

withtrr 1 1.~7 2 yr?d us ,-if l:er ~o\lniiin(j; 

:~t-:~3i-t-e?red 1r1 st-<.~.r?d; rlo (:lj;3rri~~t.J; 3 i~~!k> 

brr;nk.acje or r; ten! i;i?it?' I-lea r c:r owr? 

r(.c;uiti riq from t:re~! Fel li-xry, Ski ti 

i+'c) re:; t :-;ti rtit! y 're r-mris -- ---- 

Ac:c:ej;tcih Le 'ccrnes. --.-i;row i.1-I(?--:; I_C;CII - --"- "~ ~" 

t.rrc?c:-; (sf cornnc!rcial iy3cii:i e:i t-]-)at r:ic?et. 

i;i)ec-ific:.cd r,!:ainc'lard+; of r;izi? (111t7 cq:i;3l.i t:y, 

X>u i: riot cp"iilif:)/inq ,,tc; c%e:;i r.al!i c. "re?e:;, 

A(:cri:url?.at.ctf volrxaie .: iiss. --!.;(?r (:en?.- " .. . ---" ---- -- - - - "- 

a:je (.if trees aft'ec+i?d ,i, ?:he !)cr.ce!it c:riil. 

x the vni~in~e f:x- t.i.1~ !;r)c+c: Le,?, 

Assoi,~iaf.eil c~iLI.----i'cir.c:~:l-;ti-'i~~j~! oi -"---." - . 

nf!'ec:teti "Irc~eit c~)n.t.~i i ni rirj (XI 1.1 :~:;-,rxj - 

<lte(j 141 121 t-I-1~: 1 nd.i.<:c?t"Cd <:il~e~lt* 

iisr:c.ii: iateii vol l.lmc: loss f rorri sa,wcli !,?- ---.- . . .. " . " --- 

be~. ir.o I%<> l.c:t.irnber, ---"Tic> liirn~? Iru ?:lie s;iw-- - ... " 

loq por tion (if tree:; sir FfFic.Lr:i:t.:.;i ia rqe 

I:(> qilril-ify (3s :;a~nit.iini.>eu", h~lt: !ixi:<;it.iq-- 

fa.tc:tc)ry for sd~t-i~'ll)b~ Ci)i?c:iiusc: of 

d,3;nr~(-;i.r~cj <lqnr:t, 

i3tlsa'Y ,?~Pz,.----Th<. ~~rt?d l.'rit-a --- .- - ., 

~:ro:;$; s(:::l:ion a.t hr.~<-~si k:c>iqht. oil 

i;.;nqlii Cree?: vr OF ,*:L ?:lie kr-ec3::; iur ~1 

- ~ .;t,irr(%, r.rsila I.! y c?xj)r-es:;ed : :I .:ilu<?rci fril?t 

pcY- lcre* 

i:oir!merc.:-i:il fore~:t. lai!tl,.---F:,rc?si - "" " "" 

I.ar-ic1 ~)rcidiici.rxq or. cq,3i?ai-ii e of pr<iti!ic:i IiCj 

r:rop!s of iniiu.; t r i. a l woc-d a rrrl nri !: 

wit:Src:ir.clwri frcjiri t:in~her r1t.i ii zi~..t:iori, 

Coinmercia 1. spc?ci es. ---'X1~*ee ::pet i i?s .. " -. ~ . - 

pr+?sc?rll:l.y OY i)~~iij)e~:t~i~(ilji qli i tiihi+i /(.>I, 

~~t-~~~:~l~~~ kc; 

I3es.i.r-able rrces --"GI'CIW-~II(J --:; t-OC/: " -..- 

t.r i:!r:; OF crommerc:i ,I?, sptet~:i.ei:, ir<i vi :.\(I iln 

::;(?r:i<oo:; ~.juaIity rhfi?cts t.I?i~f: ljmi i 

pxc?:icnt trr pr'o~pf?cti~ve IJS~? fur f-ji~iI>t:r 

~protiirc:t.;, c7L t-~?l<i t4 ve Iy hii7li !/i ijor, and 

~c!.3~~t.~3ilni"rlq r)ath<lqerjs th<l{:. may res!il.? 

i. ri dr:at.h or: s(?r ic)tl.r, chi l-.er*rord t kc-n I:)c~~'oTI? 

rok.~3~:,~it~Il ?ICJt?* 

L.) .i- cl n~e i.:e r c: 1 :; s I-* .i 5; s j. f- j c ;i t: i () rl - .~ 

c, l:r.(ieq hciscd ori ~3J-:1rnt?j.<ii. ow t:;i de hciu,k, 

vc,i:.,!ii.eil at i-irf?.-ia:;i- i?e-i.(jlhl: (4,-1/;? ifclet 

~aljovc !-he (~"~~tirldl,>.h.ir, is il~c: r:omm:>rl 

,.rhbrevici t:iiir) for di ;ir:ie ter- a I. l:jr+>{.:; l 

1. 'i3~~a-i.iic1~ c3l;inwc:?tcir. (11351;1.?:i are 

cc)rninoriiy i~:;t?el in +'orc?st_ Survey, wi th the 

evt?n i lic:i-~, the ,-n;i[~ro>ti rn,aile mi ciptii iit For ,i 

(:I. A cis . For em ITI~ Ii e:t'l~e 6- i. nc:h c: 1 ;a :3 5; 

in(:: iucles trees 5, 0 thr:oriqlr 6, 9 i rii-:fin:i 

~del-~~l\~ Lr~cl~~si.ve~ 
(;~ro~~*jiric~~--';ti)cie: .I-.ree!:;.,.-.-l.,i,vc trees of -- .~- - -- ~-- 

~.:nmrnewcia? epc+r:ier; :i;l.iaitfyi rig as 

tie:; i r"aE~Le 09. acc:ept:;ia 1.e trees, 

Iric.i.clence, --lJercerrtacyci of stxsi-6:pis.i- ~--. ~ .- 

bl~ trees affected by t.he acyer?;., 

P(:, Let i.nrk,e.r trees; . -.-.(lrr:ow.in(~--r; tcick ~~ 

trees oi: conlner-cia1 spf?c4 e:2; at l@;r!.il;r 15, (1 

irri.:he+; d ,'Eli,tl, kitit slna.Ll er .than i;a3t.;t.ii~ilre.ri; i.ze . 

Sripi iric~s, ;re trees 'I , ii to 5,O 

inches d,h,b, 

Saw '1 oq. -"--A 1.00; !net: tiny irij ni muni - st,indar.ds of diaii~et.er, :I.ci~c~th, and 

crlefc-ic t , i.nc1-rldi ng %oqs <21 .j.c?a dt. lil E1'ee.t 

I.ur)q, c;ciui?l3 -?rind straii~ht., anti iiriit?.~ ~1 

rriininiilm (3i:-krn~>i;djr jniii.de harrk for ii(..~ft-- 

WC>O~S 05 6 iil~:E1(5:~ C8 iri~i~~~ Fc.)L. 

liardwoads ) . Sclwt~mk?er trees, -"-l.,i vt.2 tr-r?es 0:: "" "- (-* L.orninerc:i;-il. . c;peci.es ~.-ontairl.Lr~g at iec3st ij 

I%--f ooir saw 3.oq, or two nc~ncorrl:i.quous 

saliji 1-oqs, each :.I Feet or I.or-~ger, ;~rrd 

with 'itleast o~?e--third of' the cpi:o::s 

kc. "it T~O~UITCU, J?ISI-W~?~'XI the I "I-- foot 

s"i,ami~ and mini"-nraim saw--J.og t.op beiriq 

.;c;iind, S<r.f't~~t~tii; ri?:r-,t 5e at :leczt.:'t 9,O 

inches; and hardwcrods at least 11 ,Ci 

.incl.l@s d,li,l.i, 

Sawtii!~bi?~- vol.rrrne, vol.~.rrne i-14: 

the: i;aw-.ioq pc,r!Acsn osf li.ve sawtirnher in 

l-~o~rrci~-Eoot 11-1 tc-?rr~ni:i.ol~ai 'I /R;--~i.i)cit ru?.~, 

So f l.~~o<>d,.: . ---Ccrni fer'oc.i.ri hr-fres , ." 

nsudL1.y evergreen, havinq ineeclll-!:; or 

5cal.e 1L-l ke leaves, 

IJirlei;. ----Ye.1-low ;>i rji: sjsecj es, whi ch . .- . . 

I.III:J.II~c-~ iobicill.~~ ?.C>~CJ]~.D?~~~il-i~~h, 

si?or.t:l-eaff, j?itcIl, Vir(yi.r~i.a, T1ai).Lt": 

L;t~and--si.zf. cIn:;s. ~1,-tii,sificdt-ion "?-" 

(3:. For:ei;r. I.i~rrcl krased orr VS9.e size c-%r?st; 

c,F cjro-w-lnq-.s to& trees or.) the? area, 

Salist~ mber s Larrds, --.--Stancis at.. 142;is l- "~~-~ 

112, 7 ~)ercc+ilt stocked wi. th qruiniincj -,.:;tack 

troei;, with half or more of total rr;t..i>c:lr-" 

irzy j.r~ .;awt.j.lr~,il;er or poli?t-irnberr trees, 

arl,d wi.tb sawti her stc:ek"irrc~ rri. Least: 

et.~iial to jro 1 i-tt-rnbcx- s.l:ocking, 

tr."iic!s, vr..iC.I~ ha]-f or rrrr>re of tk1i.i; 

z;torrli, i.x)lg in paietirnhc?r- arid :;awl-irnhor 

t.rees, and wj tl.1 poleii.rriber 5: l:cicl< j nq 

excc+i?dj nil that of s,l.vj.-k. i r:ib(? lr, 

Sap]-incj--seedl irucj i; tiknds. t.,~ncis ,I? ---- -- " 

least 1 h,7 ;)ercc:?rit stoclceci wi tkii (jrowrincq-- 

?'ki i.5; puhijl(:n t i or] rc?~:>or.ts j ii~:.i ric'ilc-e 

aiici impcic:t of dnrnaginiy iicjc~rts rii: 

!'I r>~.-i.da '.I; tir;rlwr . 7 t di?a?:; nijt d i.;cuss 

1 ki.ei r. j-dentif i c.rt.ion or cioni. 1i.01, S~i:i(-! 

of the ~ef'er.crices lic;.t-c:ri, I>c?iow a re cited 

a? our di.sc:ussi.i,in, O'ckrel-s are g.jrcjv irl(id 

r:n as:;- st those ties:i rj nq i~r';cii -tic:)rlci i 

i.nill:irr~r;.it ii~i~ on ~:~~.i~:-;al. aqerlt~, 

FIechl.irid, WilLi.am; Knj~qhlr, Fi, ii, 

Florida * s Eores;.i..s. i?~?scsur. U?n : X..

S'1.:-62, R.;krevi.l.l.c+, NC:: 17.S. 

Depclr lmerr l-. of Acjri c.1~1 i-urc?, i;':lr: est 

i;er vi car Sori t.hcac; tc:r~r i:'ci~-a-:s i. 

!<icy.ic?ri:nent :;tat..icii~; 1982, $14 

l?e-?nnel. i., Wi l I i am H, ; Chei I riiaur, ::!)a i-l e:i 

W, ; iiol t, VLi l l i am R, Irr:;r?cir exlcrrii t?s 

c:f i;c)ut:hern j)itli?.;. Oicr:<~::;~ T'ape 1,6>4* 

New C'irlear:~, LA: I!, S, Z,ep,~rtr:ic?rit: of 

J~(.J~'L(~u:I~:I~~c:~ Forest. Ser"v.ir:er Srn~tkier~~ 

1,'orest i.:xperJri~c-~~it SL;I?.~OJI; 1(3!58* :j15 1.1- 

liilx-xi:;, Deriver E', Trisect c!rieirui.es ijil 

~/ei.Iow-~~~o~;%,ir. Re:;, JJav, ?JF:F.J.-I!)~, 

F3r~~orna1.j~ FP!: !T*S, D1;~hy.)ar~rnriTri: (of' 

i"igri.cuI~t;nre, >'ore:; t SI-.~\T~ :re, 

N~.,r"tT.ieai; tc?rn Forest Exper i ~nc-:ril: 

:<t:,~tjcm; 79''/0* 15 ria 

C:hel.l~~iari, !:, V!.:, Pest:; cind prc-~hi~c.n:s ciT 

Sr>r~t..h Florid2 t!rees and ~rL*';.rr~sa 

!-icirri cia i.lepar imen t of R~jrj~cir1Le;~iue ,-$ntj 

Corlsrzn;er Services; 19113, 103 p, 

Fti1erf IT- !je; %j~-c)~r~r~r~~ .-j* !Ie; ~~l~.':~l:iic:~,:~~11, 

P, T [and o r;I-ic?rc; 1 , Sycdn~~lil:ll* jx3:; t r: 

ii qu i de rri mrr -jar j r~c:c-i: i-s, d l !;e;li;c.:~ 'I 

arlii air po.;!.ution. iktli?.r~l:.+ <;At. LJAS* 

[)ispa r'l.meni: OF licjr-i rru l ttirci, Forc:-;i: 

!-lc?rvic:e,, So~'ci>e~rslcrn iirc'a, Sl.<it(? arid 

Priva Lc? Forc:stry; 1 s/"/, 3fi i). 

~~~~~~~~l.l~kX~t?!d p'Uk>.Lj (::-kt;j-<j!'l 1 
L[(:): fII(?$< i, 1?7 d]l(:: 5 'tj * ; t'-:ki;~ L:?rr C." 1.i t.f:ord : * ; 

!36->~1<~? r , PJj, 1 "I. i. a [TI Pt (-3; ;. tur 6: d-is eds es .. , 

I- rl~ 11 r:~ (2 :; ,~rl.:l pe s t :3 (:) t- r:~d~> 1.6:s PuI> 1- 

4' llrii~rcr:-;i.l:y of Ma~:;~ic:~li!:;etIr~i 

~c'cic;ptlr.~t:iv~~ i:xt-ci:~;.ir,n :;cu-vi::e; [:~~d~]~ 

44 p* 

t.~!!.)k~~-~sor~t \Ve rf'*; :Sinf:1tii-rJ A*; 

I. :~ns~-:~:t.r; dnli rj?li:-ieLi:;t:"; 

of lt~r.!~-~~ ;117:-~ p~r~~ar. ~e:;t: ILC:(~.FJA-I 0, I Ch,ic;i, FJY: C:oriit,I ! ilri v,; 

r 3'1 1;. 

!,(ickard, i", 3,; i??:tr!ar~i, 2, A,; 

i>d ryjfexl t.i:r , it, 17, Giyicji: (%(=:f'~:ctc: 1.n 

i1~3rdwooi;i V~YTI~?F:~ ii~iti Io(.Js. l\q~i.(;~ - - i 24 11.0 1.: ii.3. 

!_)i?pir ?:rnc?l"- (of Aqri irult\irte; 1063, 39 p, 

ivlor-ri,:;, R, C',; F'iiea", 'Ib, If,*; !;cr?l_l!nofi, J, 

7:)- [.dr~d ot-l-~ers]~ lr~::t:t:t..:+ dnt-1 di.seast:s 

<,Iz c;-)i:,i;osiwt-roi?. Gei~, 'Cr;?i:Pi, Rep, C-;O-jL)i*, 

New (jr X.ilari~l:i, ].,A: !J* T; /)epa ~-t.riit~r~l: CF? 

/iy.ricriitiire, i+'o~.e~it S~LVI(:~, S~)i.~thcrri 

b'ol-c-.:;t Experrii!ient Stiii-icln; 197",, 3.7 ;-J, 

Soloir\i>n, $5, D, ; McCrdciFren, I.', 2, ; I,s?wis, 

R, /;ii~t"ioi.kr~-.r~;!, 1 t: a cjiiid~' 

to ma j~r irls~c'i:;, :31~ieasr?s, iii 7 

poll.i.ii:~.in, avid c-hernic;il Ixi-jrrry, Cjcri. 

T?cp. SA.--GI?-.I?, R"c:i,l!?l..a, GA: Il,S, 

Dep6dr-Lrnierrt of Ag ri.c:ul.iriire, l!orc?s t. 

Se1cvi-c(.?, St-.d ke driil Pri:~~~~?:e F(~res?:ry; 

1 980. ri ,, -:< I>~>J-Jc~ r t:.in(ej~ b, i>f' P,(.]rj. CI,~ 1 t.!~r<: , 17(3re!;+ 

!;ervic-ci. .lr~.seci:s and ii.r.;eci:;nis i:itree:; in ci~e !l;out.li, P~I!-J~* 7- 

Ai-. i rarrta, (.:I\: LT, S, liepa rt-rriemt oi 

A~_ar.~c:u~l.i-tir."~?, Fborc?:;'c ScrvEcn, ,7 -;?uil i-l-)cin$;i:er!~ Arc,t, :;i-at.e rar?ci XJriv;i te 

C'ori-istry; 19'12, 8 p, 

Trees ciain;r (lei-i 

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(t:tlou5<in(i5 1 

ijo~.i?t- i.olhr r I :s,ziw I-j ITLF~: r 

I 

B I cicll: wa 1 riu t 

C:c?t I:on%!doc,ti: 

i;c?lc-?ci: red 

<.I (3 1: :-; 

C;\j~~iinc:~w e 

ll,rl;:7wood 

L?ee (:!ti - - 

ii;i r;l map 1.c. 

Select whi.te 

IO;~ k:r 

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!C 1.~1 

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!;c>f t: miip? +? 

01:hf:~ wk1 -i te 

Oil!< s n c2 I? , A ~.* . , 

Oti'li? C k?<i s t:.~i~: ri 

,i rciwocill:s 

1-3<3y & lr!ai-~~1~3S.ia 

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kj !Lac:'I~~(pi~n 

otlllz!~r rc?<-i O?I!CS 



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:i,irlrr~e.ni of Agrrcu/tiiic, 1.r tiecati:;rtc:d to ihc prlr~ctpta: of' rnitEtipEt: 

\~*Ic* iYiiinkigCI'TZ(;"61t cik ti-ae ?d:iiiou-u',~ 

lirr-e.1 rt:\o~lri'~\ fiil- $zil*tilir~t2d 

kleit8\ of wood. \?/;iterr, fiir;i,gt". 

\,v1Bi6lnfc, ;irid I.cc~c,~~o'~~xI. W'E~rir~~gh 

fcji-c.~,rw-y re:s-,e:arc.h, coopcratao~~ 

vvtih ?E,ie St;a1~4., arrci pr rv,.ite for~i;~ 

irwrrtni &Y, ;irntf nPrhu.n;rga:rracrlt oh' tha" 

N;ilrorr;ai; F'it~.~bt~'br iiatd N,niictnal 

(sr;l?\E;ia~ii\, 11 "rri-kVC4 - 3" (ii 

r rctcd Pry C'oinpr-csb, - !a) prov:dc 

ia1t:rcab,inp8y gacatei %be:iv~6:e to ;]I 

pr owirag N;i?nc.ip.r