May 12, 2015

Exemption No. 11564

Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2015–0383

Mr. Lawrence Puchalski

46 Kosinski Road

Covington Township, PA 18444

Dear Mr. Puchalski:

This letter is to inform you that we have granted your request for exemption. It transmits our 

decision, explains its basis, and gives you the conditions and limitations of the exemption, 

including the date it ends.

By letter dated February 10, 2015, you petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 

for an exemption. The petitioner requested to operate an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) to 

conduct aerial photography, structural inspections of bridges, pipelines, well and cell towers, 

real estate marketing and surveys and other flight operations.

See Appendix A for the petition submitted to the FAA describing the proposed operations and 

the regulations that the petitioner seeks an exemption.

The FAA has determined that good cause exists for not publishing a summary of the petition 

in the Federal Register because the requested exemption would not set a precedent, and any 

delay in acting on this petition would be detrimental to the petitioner.

Airworthiness Certification

The UAS proposed by the petitioner is a Phantom 2 Vision+.

In accordance with the statutory criteria provided in Section 333 of Public Law 112−95 in 

reference to 49 U.S.C. § 44704, and in consideration of the size, weight, speed, and limited 

operating area associated with the aircraft and its operation, the Secretary of Transportation 

has determined that this aircraft meets the conditions of Section 333. Therefore, the FAA 

finds that relief from 14 CFR part 21, Certification procedures for products and parts, 
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Subpart H—Airworthiness Certificates, and any associated noise certification and testing 

requirements of part 36, is not necessary.

The Basis for Our Decision

You have requested to use a UAS for aerial data collection1. The FAA has issued grants of 

exemption in circumstances similar in all material respects to those presented in your petition. 

In Grants of Exemption Nos. 11062 to Astraeus Aerial (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0352), 

11109 to Clayco, Inc. (see Docket No. FAA−2014−0507), 11112 to VDOS Global, LLC (see

Docket No. FAA−2014−0382), and 11213 to Aeryon Labs, Inc. (see Docket No. 

FAA−2014−0642), the FAA found that the enhanced safety achieved using an unmanned 

aircraft (UA) with the specifications described by the petitioner and carrying no passengers or 

crew, rather than a manned aircraft of significantly greater proportions, carrying crew in 

addition to flammable fuel, gives the FAA good cause to find that the UAS operation enabled 

by this exemption is in the public interest.

Having reviewed your reasons for requesting an exemption, I find that—

 They are similar in all material respects to relief previously requested in Grant of 

Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 11213;

 The reasons stated by the FAA for granting Exemption Nos. 11062, 11109, 11112, and 

11213 also apply to the situation you present; and 

 A grant of exemption is in the public interest.

Our Decision

In consideration of the foregoing, I find that a grant of exemption is in the public interest. 

Therefore, pursuant to the authority contained in 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, and 44701, 

delegated to me by the Administrator, Mr. Lawrence Puchalski is granted an exemption from 

14 CFR §§ 61.23(a) and (c), 61.101(e)(4) and (5), 61.113(a), 61.315(a), 91.7(a), 91.119(c), 

91.121, 91.151(a)(1), 91.405(a), 91.407(a)(1), 91.409(a)(1) and (2), and 91.417(a) and (b), to 

the extent necessary to allow the petitioner to operate a UAS to perform aerial data collection. 

This exemption is subject to the conditions and limitations listed below.

Conditions and Limitations

In this grant of exemption, Mr. Lawrence Puchalski is hereafter referred to as the operator.

 

1 Aerial data collection includes any remote sensing and measuring by an instrument(s) aboard the UA. 

Examples include imagery (photography, video, infrared, etc.), electronic measurement (precision surveying, RF 

analysis, etc.), chemical measurement (particulate measurement, etc.), or any other gathering of data by 

instruments aboard the UA.
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Failure to comply with any of the conditions and limitations of this grant of exemption will be 

grounds for the immediate suspension or rescission of this exemption.

1. Operations authorized by this grant of exemption are limited to the Phantom 2 Vision+

when weighing less than 55 pounds including payload. Proposed operations of any 

other aircraft will require a new petition or a petition to amend this exemption.

2. Operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and television filming are 

not permitted. 

3. The UA may not be operated at a speed exceeding 87 knots (100 miles per hour). The 

exemption holder may use either groundspeed or calibrated airspeed to determine 

compliance with the 87 knot speed restriction. In no case will the UA be operated at 

airspeeds greater than the maximum UA operating airspeed recommended by the 

aircraft manufacturer.

4. The UA must be operated at an altitude of no more than 400 feet above ground level 

(AGL). Altitude must be reported in feet AGL.

5. The UA must be operated within visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC at all times. 

This requires the PIC to be able to use human vision unaided by any device other than 

corrective lenses, as specified on the PIC’s FAA-issued airman medical certificate or 

U.S. driver’s license.

6. All operations must utilize a visual observer (VO). The UA must be operated within 

the visual line of sight (VLOS) of the PIC and VO at all times. The VO may be used 

to satisfy the VLOS requirement as long as the PIC always maintains VLOS 

capability. The VO and PIC must be able to communicate verbally at all times; 

electronic messaging or texting is not permitted during flight operations. The PIC 

must be designated before the flight and cannot transfer his or her designation for the 

duration of the flight. The PIC must ensure that the VO can perform the duties 

required of the VO.

7. This exemption and all documents needed to operate the UAS and conduct its 

operations in accordance with the conditions and limitations stated in this grant of 

exemption, are hereinafter referred to as the operating documents. The operating 

documents must be accessible during UAS operations and made available to the 

Administrator upon request. If a discrepancy exists between the conditions and 

limitations in this exemption and the procedures outlined in the operating documents, 

the conditions and limitations herein take precedence and must be followed. 

Otherwise, the operator must follow the procedures as outlined in its operating 

documents. The operator may update or revise its operating documents. It is the 

operator’s responsibility to track such revisions and present updated and revised 

documents to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request. The 
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operator must also present updated and revised documents if it petitions for extension 

or amendment to this grant of exemption. If the operator determines that any update 

or revision would affect the basis upon which the FAA granted this exemption, then 

the operator must petition for an amendment to its grant of exemption. The FAA’s 

UAS Integration Office (AFS−80) may be contacted if questions arise regarding 

updates or revisions to the operating documents.

8. Any UAS that has undergone maintenance or alterations that affect the UAS operation 

or flight characteristics, e.g., replacement of a flight critical component, must undergo 

a functional test flight prior to conducting further operations under this exemption. 

Functional test flights may only be conducted by a PIC with a VO and must remain at 

least 500 feet from other people. The functional test flight must be conducted in such 

a manner so as to not pose an undue hazard to persons and property.

9. The operator is responsible for maintaining and inspecting the UAS to ensure that it is 

in a condition for safe operation.

10. Prior to each flight, the PIC must conduct a pre-flight inspection and determine the 

UAS is in a condition for safe flight. The pre-flight inspection must account for all 

potential discrepancies, e.g., inoperable components, items, or equipment. If the 

inspection reveals a condition that affects the safe operation of the UAS, the aircraft is 

prohibited from operating until the necessary maintenance has been performed and the 

UAS is found to be in a condition for safe flight.

11. The operator must follow the UAS manufacturer’s maintenance, overhaul, 

replacement, inspection, and life limit requirements for the aircraft and 

aircraft components.

12. Each UAS operated under this exemption must comply with all manufacturer 

safety bulletins.

13. Under this grant of exemption, a PIC must hold either an airline transport, 

commercial, private, recreational, or sport pilot certificate. The PIC must also hold a 

current FAA airman medical certificate or a valid U.S. driver’s license issued by a 

state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, a territory, a possession, or the Federal 

government. The PIC must also meet the flight review requirements specified in 

14 CFR § 61.56 in an aircraft in which the PIC is rated on his or her pilot certificate.

14. The operator may not permit any PIC to operate unless the PIC demonstrates the 

ability to safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be 

operated under this exemption, including evasive and emergency maneuvers and 

maintaining appropriate distances from persons, vessels, vehicles and structures. PIC 

qualification flight hours and currency must be logged in a manner consistent with 

14 CFR § 61.51(b). Flights for the purposes of training the operator’s PICs and VOs 
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(training, proficiency, and experience-building) and determining the PIC’s ability to 

safely operate the UAS in a manner consistent with how the UAS will be operated 

under this exemption are permitted under the terms of this exemption. However, 

training operations may only be conducted during dedicated training sessions. During 

training, proficiency, and experience-building flights, all persons not essential for 

flight operations are considered nonparticipants, and the PIC must operate the UA 

with appropriate distance from nonparticipants in accordance with 14 CFR § 91.119.

15. UAS operations may not be conducted during night, as defined in 14 CFR § 1.1. All 

operations must be conducted under visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Flights 

under special visual flight rules (SVFR) are not authorized.

16. The UA may not operate within 5 nautical miles of an airport reference point (ARP) as 

denoted in the current FAA Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) or for airports not 

denoted with an ARP, the center of the airport symbol as denoted on the current 

FAA-published aeronautical chart, unless a letter of agreement with that airport’s 

management is obtained or otherwise permitted by a COA issued to the exemption 

holder. The letter of agreement with the airport management must be made available 

to the Administrator or any law enforcement official upon request.

17. The UA may not be operated less than 500 feet below or less than 2,000 feet 

horizontally from a cloud or when visibility is less than 3 statute miles from the PIC.

18. If the UAS loses communications or loses its GPS signal, the UA must return to a 

pre-determined location within the private or controlled-access property.

19. The PIC must abort the flight in the event of unpredicted obstacles or emergencies.

20. The PIC is prohibited from beginning a flight unless (considering wind and forecast 

weather conditions) there is enough available power for the UA to conduct the 

intended operation and to operate after that for at least five minutes or with the reserve 

power recommended by the manufacturer if greater.

21. Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA). All 

operations shall be conducted in accordance with an ATO-issued COA. The 

exemption holder may apply for a new or amended COA if it intends to conduct 

operations that cannot be conducted under the terms of the attached COA.

22. All aircraft operated in accordance with this exemption must be identified by serial 

number, registered in accordance with 14 CFR part 47, and have identification 

(N−Number) markings in accordance with 14 CFR part 45, Subpart C. Markings must 

be as large as practicable.
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23. Documents used by the operator to ensure the safe operation and flight of the UAS and 

any documents required under 14 CFR §§ 91.9 and 91.203 must be available to the 

PIC at the Ground Control Station of the UAS any time the aircraft is operating. 

These documents must be made available to the Administrator or any law enforcement 

official upon request.

24. The UA must remain clear and give way to all manned aviation operations and 

activities at all times. 

25. The UAS may not be operated by the PIC from any moving device or vehicle. 

26. All Flight operations must be conducted at least 500 feet from all nonparticipating 

persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures unless:

a. Barriers or structures are present that sufficiently protect nonparticipating persons 

from the UA and/or debris in the event of an accident. The operator must ensure 

that nonparticipating persons remain under such protection. If a situation arises 

where nonparticipating persons leave such protection and are within 500 feet of 

the UA, flight operations must cease immediately in a manner ensuring the safety 

of nonparticipating persons; and

b. The owner/controller of any vessels, vehicles or structures has granted permission 

for operating closer to those objects and the PIC has made a safety assessment of 

the risk of operating closer to those objects and determined that it does not 

present an undue hazard.

The PIC, VO, operator trainees or essential persons are not considered 

nonparticipating persons under this exemption.

27. All operations shall be conducted over private or controlled-access property with 

permission from the property owner/controller or authorized representative. 

Permission from property owner/controller or authorized representative will be 

obtained for each flight to be conducted.

28. Any incident, accident, or flight operation that transgresses the lateral or vertical 

boundaries of the operational area as defined by the applicable COA must be reported 

to the FAA's UAS Integration Office (AFS−80) within 24 hours. Accidents must be 

reported to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) per instructions 

contained on the NTSB Web site: www.ntsb.gov.

If this exemption permits operations for the purpose of closed-set motion picture and 

television filming and production, the following additional conditions and limitations apply.

29. The operator must have a motion picture and television operations manual (MPTOM) 

as documented in this grant of exemption.
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30. At least 3 days before aerial filming, the operator of the UAS affected by this 

exemption must submit a written Plan of Activities to the local Flight Standards 

District Office (FSDO) with jurisdiction over the area of proposed filming. The 3-day 

notification may be waived with the concurrence of the FSDO. The plan of activities 

must include at least the following:

a. Dates and times for all flights;

b. Name and phone number of the operator for the UAS aerial filming conducted 

under this grant of exemption;

c. Name and phone number of the person responsible for the on-scene operation of 

the UAS;

d. Make, model, and serial or N−Number of UAS to be used;

e. Name and certificate number of UAS PICs involved in the aerial filming;

f. A statement that the operator has obtained permission from property owners 

and/or local officials to conduct the filming production event; the list of those 

who gave permission must be made available to the inspector upon request;

g. Signature of exemption holder or representative; and

h. A description of the flight activity, including maps or diagrams of any area, city, 

town, county, and/or state over which filming will be conducted and the altitudes 

essential to accomplish the operation.

31. Flight operations may be conducted closer than 500 feet from participating persons 

consenting to be involved and necessary for the filming production, as specified in the 

exemption holder’s MPTOM.

Unless otherwise specified in this grant of exemption, the UAS, the UAS PIC, and the UAS 

operations must comply with all applicable parts of 14 CFR including, but not limited to, 

parts 45, 47, 61, and 91.

This exemption terminates on May 31, 2017, unless sooner superseded or rescinded.

Sincerely,

/s/

John S. Duncan

Director, Flight Standards Service

Enclosures
February 10, 2015

Lawrence Puchalski

46 Kosinski Rd

Covington Township, PA 18444

Cell 570-499-2397

Office 570-842-0361

Email: larry@puchalskiinc.com

U.S. Department of Transportation

Docket Management System

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE

Washington, DC 20590

Exemption Request Section 333 of the FAA Reform Act of 2012

Attachments:

1) Phantom 2 Vision+ User Manual V1.04

2) Phantom 2 Vision Plus Quick Start Guide

3) Phantom 2 Vision Pilot Training Guide

4) Phantom 2 Vision Release Notes

References:

1) FAA Exemption No. 11138, Regulatory Docket No. FAA20140481

in the matter of the petition of DOUGLAS TRUDEAU

2) FAA Exemption No. 11136, Regulatory Docket No. FAA–2014–0508 in

the matter of the petition of ADVANCED AVIATION SOLUTIONS LLC

3) FAA Exemption No. 11080 Regulatory Docket No. FAA20140355

in the matter of the petition of FLYING CAM INC

Dear FAA,

In accordance with the FAA’s Guidelines for Submitting a Petition for

Exemption under section 333 of the FAA Modernization and Reform Act

of 2012, I, Lawrence Puchalski, request exemption from the following sections

of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations §§

61.113(a). 61.113(b). 91.119(c). 91.121. 91.151(a). 91.405(a).

91.407(a)(1). 91.409

(a)(1). 91.409(a)(2). 91.417(a) & (b).

In order to operate small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) commercially in

airspace regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the purposes

of aerial photography, structural inspections of bridges, pipelines, well and cell

towers, real estate marketing and surveys and other flight operations that could
be performed safely and more cost effectively with the use of small UAS at low

altitude within the U.S. national airspace system as compared to a manned

aircraft. Operations will be performed only at the request of and with the

authorization and permission of clients or their authorized agents in order to

facilitate commerce and raise awareness of the beneficial uses of small

unmanned air systems. So long as such operations are conducted within and

under the conditions outlined herein or as may be established by the FAA as

required by Section 333. The conditions identified and proposed by, Lawrence

Puchalski, are drawn from references 13.

The FARs

I, Lawrence Puchalski, request exemption from the above mentioned FARs for

the following reasons.

61.113(a) & (b). I, Lawrence Puchalski, request relief in order to facilitate the

utilization of pilots, who hold a PRIVATE PILOT (or greater) certificate. Any pilots

operating under this exemption would be required to comply with any conditions

as set forth and in a similar fashion to the previously granted exemptions. A

Visual Observer will be used at all times while under this requested exemption.

91.119(c) As discussed in Exemption 11138 (DOUGLAS TRUDEAU),

operations conducted closer than 500 feet to the ground may require that the

UA be operated closer than 500 feet to essential persons, or objects that would

not be possible without additional relief. The petitioner requests modification,

waiver or exemption and clarification concerning the terms “congested areas”

and “densely populated”. I, Lawrence Puchalski, request waiver for this

condition to allow reasonable and responsible operations with safety as my main

concern in areas of subdivisions and neighborhoods if required.

91.121 As discussed in Exemption 11138 (DOUGLAS TRUDEAU) is

inapplicable since the UAS does not have an altimeter and instead utilizes

electronic GPS with a barometric sensor for altitude information.

91.151(a) As discussed in Exemption 11136 (ADVANCED AVIATION

SOLUTIONS LLC) prior relief has been granted for manned aircraft to operate at

less than the prescribed minimums, including Exemption Nos. 2689, 5745, and

10650. In addition, similar UAS specific relief has been granted in Exemption

Nos. 8811, 10808, and 10673 for daytime, VFR conditions. The UAS provides

battery power remaining in percent to the PIC. The UA batteries provide

approximately 25 minutes of powered flight. Information provided in the

operating documents discusses procedures regarding remaining battery power

management. Those documents contain a condition in which the PIC will initiate

a landing procedure when battery remaining reaches a specified level. Given the

limitations on proposed operations and the location of those proposed
operations, The FAA found that a reduced minimum power reserve for flight in

daytime VFR conditions was reasonable.

91.405(a). 91.407(a)(1). 91.409 (a)(1) & (2). 91.417(a) & (b) As

discussed in Exemption 11138 (DOUGLAS TRUDEAU), I, Lawrence Puchalski,

propose to inspect and ensure that the UAS is in a condition for safe flight in

accordance with the operating documents. The FAA found that adherence to the

petitioner’s operating documents and the conditions and limitations specified,

describing the requirements for maintenance, inspection, and recordkeeping,

were sufficient to ensure that safety would not be adversely affected.

The UAS

The DJI Phantom 2 vision plus is a highly successful consumer grade small

rotorcraft in the quadcopter configuration with an advertised weight of less than

44 ounces (1242g) designed primarily to carry aloft a high definition camera. It

has an advertised maximum speed of less than 30 knots (15m/s) and a

maximum climb rate of less than 1200 feet per minute (6 m/s). It is powered by

four electric motors with a distance between motors of less than 14 inches

(350mm) It utilizes an internal inertial measuring unit (IMU) with integrated

barometric sensor augmented with global positioning system (GPS) to maintain

its geospatial orientation and position. It is controlled primarily through an FCC

certified radio control (RC) unit. Real time video and telemetry information is

transmitted back to a ground control station allowing the operator and/or PIC to

monitor battery level, GPS signal strength, altitude (AGL), distance from PIC,

camera imagery, and control camera angle. It has fail safe modes of operation

for either loss of RC or GPS signal. Altitude can be limited by the onboard flight

controller and maximum altitude can be preprogrammed by the PIC. Battery life

limits flight times to approximately 25 minutes. The onboard flight controller will

warn the pilot via telemetry and external lighting cues before reaching a low

battery state. An automatic termination of flight and landing will be initiated

when the battery reaches a predetermined low state. It is anticipated that flights

will usually last less than 10 minutes. More information is available in attachment

1.

Risk mitigation

I, Lawrence Puchalski, have reviewed FAA exemptions reference’s 13

Conditions and Limitations section and believe that the procedures specified

therein are reasonable and will be utilized in order to manage and mitigate risk

and ensure public safety.

A preflight checklist will be developed and employed to ensure that the UAS’s

airworthiness will be verified before launch. Airworthiness will be maintained by

performance of routine inspections before each flight, maintaining flight and

maintenance logs to record time on failure prone components.
I, Lawrence Puchalski, request that in a manner similar to reference 3, be

allowed to operate within 5 miles of an airport provided that.

“The UA may not operate in Class B, C, or D airspace without

written approval from the FAA. The UA may not operate within 5

nautical miles of the geographic center of a non towered airport as

denoted on a current FAA published aeronautical chart unless a letter

of agreement with that airport’s management is obtained, and the

operation is conducted in accordance with a NOTAM as required by the

operator’s COA. The letter of agreement with the airport management

must be made available to the Administrator upon request.”

Operations within 5 miles of an airport are not anticipated to be routine but I am

requesting a mechanism to facilitate such activities without requesting a new

and separate exemption(s) should the need arise. Operations within class B

airspace are not requested due to the lack of mode C transponder.

Public interest

Use of the UAS in lieu of a manned aircraft would enhance safety and reduce the

environmental impact as compared to similar operations conducted with manned

aircraft of greater proportions, carrying a crew and flammable fuel.

In regards to performing inspections of bridges, towers, and natural gas

pipelines the UAS will minimize the risk to persons attempting to climb these

structures and photograph problem areas. It will provide a way for companies to

have their engineers review photographs and provide additional safety to the

general public in regards to towers failing or natural gas pipelines having

structural issues. Many of the natural gas pipelines in our area travel in areas

that are hard to reach by vehicle or foot and if an area is suspected of having

problems the UAS can reach it to make an assessment easier and safer.

I, Lawrence Puchalski, will also make the UAS and myself available to local

volunteer organizations (for no charge) such as fire departments, local law

enforcement, etc., to perform search and rescue operations, or other similar

events as directed by authorities.

In addition the use of the UAS in order to facilitate commerce could lead to

economic growth. Operations for this petition will enable service for property

owners or their designees seeking an enhanced perspective for characteristics,

amenities, and benefits of their desired photographic subjects that cannot be

displayed through ground level photography. Aerial photography is a valuable
marketing tool that can lead to increased commerce and enhance my personal

photography.

A visual observer will be utilized at all times that the UAS is performing duties for

compensation and the PIC will hold a Private Pilots license.

Liability insurance will be obtained commensurate with the granting of this

request for exemption.

Flight data including UAS flight time, Control Unit operation time, incident, and

details will be recorded for each flight and made available to the FAA at any time

needed.

Any deviations from normal operations will also be recorded and made available

to FAA.

Conclusion

I, Lawrence Puchalski, am requesting this exemption for the purposes of aerial

photography of real estate, bridge inspections, land surveying, pipeline

inspections, tower inspections, and other flight operations.

The reason for such a general and broad based request is that I, Lawrence

Puchalski, wish to utilize a business strategy in order to capitalize on

opportunities as they may arise in the future without the long turnaround time

associated with additional exemptions.

My business model is based on the idea of offering small UAS services to

individuals or companies who wish to employ these services as a safe,

effective, and legal option to enhance their business or prevent structural

disasters that may influence the general public or individuals.

My own research shows an upward demand for these services that currently

exists in the real estate market, natural gas market and other markets are just

beginning to realize the need for such services.

Several people are offering services such as the above in my area but I have

refrained for pursuing commercial use of my UAS until I can properly be

authorized by the FAA.

I have been a licensed Private Pilot since January, 1975 License # 3788936, hold

a Class III Medical Certificate, and have flown countless hours in fixed wing

aircraft and have flown Radio Controlled Aircraft since 1985. I am familiar with

aircraft preflight and have built and repaired Radio Controlled Aircraft in the

past. I have extensive experience with a UAS and extensive experience as a

photographer. I am also a licensed Pennsylvania Real Estate Sales Person since

1986 License # RS151675-A and feel that having this Exemption will help

enhance my ability to provide superior customer satisfaction.