19–010 

Calendar No. 481 

112TH CONGRESS REPORT " ! SENATE 2d Session 112–194 

SENATOR PAUL SIMON WATER FOR 

THE WORLD ACT OF 2011 

JULY 31, 2012.—Ordered to be printed 

Mr. KERRY, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, 

submitted the following 

R E P O R T 

[To accompany S. 641] 

The Committee on Foreign Relations, having had under consideration the bill S. 641, to provide 100,000,000 people with first-time 

access to safe drinking water and sanitation on a sustainable basis 

within six years by improving the capacity of the United States 

Government to fully implement the Senator Paul Simon Water for 

the Poor Act of 2005, reports favorably thereon and recommends 

that the bill do pass. 

CONTENTS 

Page 

I. Purpose ........................................................................................................... 1 

II. Committee Action .......................................................................................... 1 

III. Discussion ....................................................................................................... 1 

IV. Cost Estimate ................................................................................................. 4 

V. Evaluation of Regulatory Impact .................................................................. 7 

VI. Changes in Existing Law .............................................................................. 7 

I. PURPOSE

The purpose of S. 641 is to target underdeveloped countries with 

focused initiatives to improve access to clean water and sanitation. 

II. COMMITTEE ACTION

S. 641 was introduced by Senator Durbin on March 17, 2011. On 

June 19, 2012, the committee considered S.641 and ordered it reported favorably without amendment by voice vote. 

III. DISCUSSION

S. 641, the Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2011 

(the ‘‘Act’’), builds on the progress achieved through the 2005 Senator Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act (P.L. 109–121) by seeking 

to provide 100 million people with first-time access to safe drinking 

water and sanitation on a sustainable basis within six years 


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through direct funding, development activities, and partnerships to 

meet this goal. 

It supports strengthening the infrastructure at United States 

Agency for International Development (USAID) and the State Department to ensure that water remains a development priority. It 

also fosters global cooperation on research and technology development, including regional partnerships among experts on clean 

water. Lastly, it provides technical assistance and capacity-building 

to develop expertise within countries facing water and sanitation 

challenges. 

Since its enactment, the 2005 Water for the Poor Act has 

achieved much success. For example in 2009, under the provisions 

of the Act, the U.S. provided nearly 2 million people with first-time 

access to an improved source of drinking water and more than 1.5 

million people to improved sanitation. Then in FY 2010, as a result 

of USAID investments, some 2.8 million people gained improved 

access to safe drinking water, and 2.9 million gained improved access to sanitation. However, water will continue to be one of the 

world’s most pressing problems over the next century. 

Nearly one billion people continue to lack access to clean, safe 

water, and as many as three billion may face shortages by 2025 

due in part to the effects of climate change. And two people out of 

every five in the world do not have access to basic sanitation services. Inadequate water and sanitation contribute to nearly ten percent of the world’s disease and more than two million deaths each 

year. Competition over water resources that are either dwindling 

or inadequate for growing populations is contributing to tension 

and conflict in Sudan and other countries. 

The committee recognizes that the Water for the World Act can 

help strengthen global security by defusing tensions that are growing within and among nations as people react to the shortage of 

clean water and other emerging crises. 

The Act includes the establishment of the ‘‘Senior Advisor for 

Water’’ at USAID and a ‘‘Special Coordinator for International 

Water,’’ at the Department of State to allow greater efficiency and 

flexibility to implement clean water and sanitation programs. The 

committee recognizes that the purpose and intent of the Act should 

focus on providing safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, but 

the committee also recognizes that broad benefits can derive from 

water resource management activities and believes it is important 

to allow country priorities and specific mission expertise to guide 

the design of water related programs. 

The committee notes that in past years, efforts by USAID and 

other agencies to implement the Act have not always occurred in 

a comprehensive or integrated fashion. It is important that development efforts related to water are integrated within a broader 

country development framework and reflect needs and priorities 

identified by the country in question. Section 6 includes an important amendment to the 2005 Water for the Poor Act to emphasize 

this point, directing the water coordinator to: 


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[T]ake actions to ensure that the safe water and sanitation strategy is integrated into any review or development 

of a Federal strategy for global development, global health, 

or global food security that sets forth or establishes the 

United States mission for global development, guidelines 

for assistance programs, and how development policy will 

be coordinated with policies governing trade, immigration, 

and other relevant international issues. 

Water activities should not take place in isolation or in a vacuum 

but should be integrated in a broader development framework. The 

committee believes there are many different ways to lead to improved access to safe drinking water, and that infrastructure investments and related management activities are important components to that equation. Finally, the committee observes that in a 

time of scarce development resources and significant development 

funds diverted to regional foreign policy priorities, official U.S. development assistance towards water activities, by itself, may not 

lead to achievement of the Act’s goal. However, direct funding is 

but one means to achieve the safe drinking water goal—the Act 

specifically notes that development activities and outside partnerships are other means by which 100 million people may be provided with safe drinking water within six years of enactment. 

The sections below detail several important improvements included in the legislation. 

Developing United States Government Capacity. Section 5 

amends section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act and requires the 

Administrator of USAID to designate a ‘‘Senior Advisor for Water’’ 

to coordinate and conduct the activities described in Section 5 and 

the 2005 Water for Poor Act. Duties include developing and overseeing implementation and coordination in high priority countries 

of country-specific water strategies and expertise. This section also 

requires the Secretary of State to establish within the State Department a ‘‘Special Coordinator for International Water’’ to report 

to the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs. This official will be responsible for overseeing and coordinating the diplomatic policy of the United States with respect to global freshwater 

issues and ensures that these issues are represented both within 

the United States Government and in key international fora. The 

committee looks forward to a more streamlined, integrated, accountable and coordinated approach to addressing the challenges of 

increasing access to safe drinking water and sanitation in high priority countries in the context of broader resource management activities. 

Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy. Section 6 amends 

Section 6 of the 2005 Water for Poor Act to require that the safe 

water and sanitation strategy provided for in the Act includes an 

assessment of all U.S. government foreign assistance allocated to 

the drinking water and sanitation sector during the previous 3 fiscal years and across all U.S. government agencies and programs. 

The committee recognizes the importance of achieving the 100 million people goal for enabling first-time access to safe water and 

sanitation. To this end, this section includes recommendations on 

what the United States would need to do to support this goal, and 


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how the U.S. Government can leverage critical outside partnerships in support of this goal. 

Water and Sanitation Institutional Capacity-building Program. 

Section 7 amends the 2005 Water for the Poor Act to provide for 

the establishment of a water and sanitation institutional capacitybuilding program in high priority countries. This section mandates 

the creation of a program for both the host country institutions and 

officials responsible for water and sanitation in countries that receive assistance to have access to training in a comprehensive set 

of areas. These areas include 1) affordable, equitable and sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation, 2) education 

about the dangers of unsafe drinking water and sanitation, and 3) 

the encouragement of behavioral changes to reduce individuals’ 

risk of disease due to these conditions. Given the benefit of this 

type of program, this section includes the ability for the Secretary 

of State and Administrator of USAID to expand this program to additional countries beyond those designated as high priority. 

Monitoring and Evaluation. Section 9 states a Sense of the Congress regarding the importance for consistent and systematic evaluation of the impacts of foreign assistance and the importance of 

the design of assistance programs. This section also highlights the 

significance of high quality evaluation and lessons learned within 

agencies managing foreign assistance programs. 

Update Report Regarding Water for Peace and Security. Section 

10 amends Section 11(b) of the 2005 Water for the Poor Act to add 

to the reporting requirement an assessment of current and likely 

future political tensions and a multidisciplinary assessment of the 

expected impacts of changes to water supplies and agricultural productivity. The committee also recognizes that one of the effects of 

global climate change is impacts on water supplies and expects 

that these variables will be included in the report. 

Comptroller General Report on Effectiveness and Efficiency. Section 11 includes a requirement that the Comptroller General of the 

United States submit a report with recommendations as appropriate on the effectiveness and efficiency of United States efforts to 

provide safe water and sanitation for developing countries. 

IV. COST ESTIMATE

In accordance with Rule XXVI, paragraph 11(a) of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate, the committee provides this estimate of the 

costs of this legislation prepared by the Congressional Budget Office. 

UNITED STATES CONGRESS, 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, 

Washington, DC, July 2, 2012. 

Hon. JOHN F. KERRY, 

Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, 

U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. 

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The Congressional Budget Office has prepared the enclosed cost estimate for S. 641, the Senator Paul 

Simon Water for the World Act of 2011. 


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If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be pleased 

to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Sunita D’Monte. 

Sincerely, 

DOUGLAS W. ELMENDORF. 

Enclosure. 

cc: Hon. Richard G. Lugar, 

Ranking Member. 

CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE COST ESTIMATE

July 2, 2012. 

S. 641 

Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2011 

AS ORDERED REPORTED BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN

RELATIONS ON JUNE 19, 2012

A. SUMMARY

S. 641 would authorize foreign assistance to provide first-time access to safe water and sanitation for 100 million people in certain 

developing countries within six years of enactment. In addition, the 

bill would require the Secretary of State and the Administrator of 

the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to designate staff at USAID missions abroad and in Washington, D.C., 

that would develop, implement, and monitor new and expanded 

programs of water supply, sanitation, and technical assistance. 

CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $5.6 billion 

over the 2013–2017 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. 

Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation because 

it would not affect direct spending or revenues. 

S. 641 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates 

as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and 

would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments. 

B. ESTIMATED COST TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

The estimated budgetary impact of S. 641 is shown in the following table. The costs of this legislation fall within budget function 150 (international affairs). 

Changes in Spending Subject to Appropriation for S. 641 

By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars 

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013–2017 

Safe Water and Sanitation Assistance 

Estimated Authorization Level ............ 1,875 1,901 1,931 1,963 1,999 9,669 

Estimated Outlays .............................. 47 704 1,370 1,672 1,792 5,585 

Overseas Personnel 

Estimated Authorization Level ............ 9 9 9 9 10 46 

Estimated Outlays .............................. 5 8 9 9 9 40 

Washington, D.C., Personnel 

Estimated Authorization Level ............ 3 3 3 3 3 15 

Estimated Outlays .............................. 2 3 3 3 3 14 


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Changes in Spending Subject to Appropriation for S. 641—Continued 

By Fiscal Year, in Millions of Dollars 

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013–2017 

Total Changes 

Estimated Authorization Level ... 1,887 1,913 1,943 1,975 2,012 9,730 

Estimated Outlays ..................... 54 715 1,382 1,684 1,804 5,639 

Note: Numbers may not sum to totals because of rounding. 

C. BASIS OF ESTIMATE

For this estimate, CBO assumes that S. 641 will be enacted by 

the end of 2012, that the necessary amounts will be appropriated 

each year, and that outlays will follow historical spending patterns 

for existing programs. 

Current Funding for Water-Related Activities 

In 2010, USAID obligated about $643 million for all water-related foreign assistance, such as sound management of water resources and sustainable water supply, sanitation, and hygiene 

[WASH] facilities. Those amounts are funding activities aimed at 

improved access to safe water for almost three million people and 

improved access to sanitation for almost three million people. 

Other agencies—primarily the Millennium Challenge Corporation—also provide water- and sanitation-related assistance. In 

2012, the Congress specified that of the amounts appropriated by 

the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012 (Public Law 112–74) not 

less than $315 million should be made available for such assistance. 

Safe Water and Sanitation Assistance 

Section 4 would set a target of enabling first-time access to safe 

water and sanitation, on a sustainable basis, for 100 million people 

in high-priority countries over six years. CBO assumes that each 

year over the 2013–2018 period, the Congress would appropriate 

the amounts necessary for USAID to initiate WASH activities that 

would enable such access to one-sixth of the target population 

(about 17 million people). However, we expect that many of those 

people would not actually receive access to improved water supply 

and sanitation until after 2017 because it would take time to obligate funds and execute the projects. 

Based on information from the State Department, USAID and 

nonfederal organizations, CBO estimates that it would cost an average of $150 per person in 2013 to provide such access to safe 

water and sanitation. However, section 5 would require that at 

least 25 percent of the funding required to meet the bill’s target be 

provided by nonfederal entities, such as international organizations, private donors, and not-for-profit organizations. After adjusting for that requirement, we estimate that meeting the bill’s target 

would require annual appropriations of $1.9 billion in 2013 and 

about $9.7 billion over the 2013–2017 period for WASH activities. 

Assuming appropriation of those amounts, CBO estimates that implementing that provision would cost almost $5.6 billion over the 

2013–2017 period. (The remainder of the amounts we estimate 

would be authorized would be spent after 2017.) 


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Overseas Personnel 

Section 7 would require USAID to build the capacity of foreign 

countries to promote access to safe water and sanitation and to 

designate staff at the USAID mission in each high-priority country 

to coordinate in-country implementation of USAID’s water-sector 

assistance programs. Most USAID missions in high-priority countries do not have any Foreign Service officers working on such activities full-time, although those missions do employ staff that work 

on them part-time as part of a broader portfolio. Based on information from USAID, CBO estimates that the agency would have to 

hire the equivalent of about 25 full-time employees to locally manage the expanded water-sector programs in high-priority countries 

at an annual cost per person of about $350,000. On that basis, and 

adjusting for expected inflation, CBO estimates that implementing 

section 7 would cost $40 million over the 2013–2017 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. 

Washington, D.C., Personnel 

Section 5 would require the Secretary of State and the Administrator of USAID to designate staff in Washington, D.C., to coordinate global water policy and to develop and oversee water strategies for each high-priority country. Based on information from the 

two agencies, we estimate that those agencies would have to hire 

the equivalent of 15 full-time employees to centrally manage the 

expanded water-sector programs at an annual cost per person of 

about $200,000. On that basis, and adjusting for expected inflation, 

CBO estimates that implementing section 5 would have a discretionary cost of $14 million over the 2013–2017 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. 

PAY-AS-YOU-GO CONSIDERATIONS: 

None. 

INTERGOVERNMENTAL AND PRIVATE-SECTOR IMPACT: 

S. 641 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates 

as defined in UMRA and would not affect the budgets of state, 

local, or tribal governments. 

ESTIMATE PREPARED BY: 

Federal Costs: Sunita D’Monte 

Impact on State, Local, and Tribal Governments: J’nell L. Blanco 

Impact on the Private Sector: Marin Randall 

ESTIMATE APPROVED BY: 

Theresa Gullo, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis 

V. EVALUATION OF REGULATORY IMPACT

Pursuant to Rule XXVI, paragraph 11(b) of the Standing Rules 

of the Senate, the committee has determined that there is no regulatory impact as a result of this legislation. 

VI. CHANGES IN EXISTING LAW

In compliance with Rule XXVI, paragraph 12 of the Standing 

Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by the bill, as 

reported, are shown as follows (existing law proposed to be omitted 


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is enclosed in black brackets, new matter is printed in italic, existing law in which no change is proposed is shown in roman). 

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1961 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 135. ASSISTANCE TO PROVIDE SAFE WATER AND SANITATION. 

(a) PURPOSES.—The purposes of assistance authorized by this 

section are— 

* * * * * * * 

(d) LOCAL CURRENCY.—* * * 

* * * * * * * 

(e) SENIOR ADVISOR FOR WATER.— (1) IN GENERAL.—To carry out the purposes of subsection (a), 

the Administrator of the United States Agency for International 

Development shall designate a senior advisor to coordinate and 

conduct the activities described in this section and the Senator 

Paul Simon Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109– 

121). The Advisor shall report directly to the Administrator and 

be known as the ‘‘Senior Advisor for Water’’. The initial Senior 

Advisor for Water shall be the individual serving as the USAID 

Global Water Coordinator as of the date of the enactment of the 

Senator Paul Simon Water for the World Act of 2010. 

(2) DUTIES.—The Advisor shall— 

(A) implement this section and the Senator Paul Simon 

Water for the Poor Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–121); 

(B) develop and oversee implementation in high priority 

countries of country-specific water strategies and expertise, 

in coordination with appropriate United States Agency for 

International Development Mission Directors, to enable the 

goal of providing 100,000,000 additional people with sustainable access to safe water and sanitation through direct 

funding, development activities, and partnerships within 6 

years of the date of the enactment of the Senator Paul 

Simon Water for the World Act of 2011; and 

(C) place primary emphasis on providing safe, affordable, 

and sustainable drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in 

a manner that— 

(i) is consistent with sound water resource management principles; and 

(ii) utilizes such approaches as direct service provision, capacity building, institutional strengthening, 

regulatory reform, and partnership collaboration; and 

(D) integrate water strategies with country-specific or regional food security strategies. 

(3) CAPACITY.—The Advisor shall be designated appropriate 

staff and may utilize interagency details or partnerships with 

universities, civil society, and the private sector, as needed, to 

strengthen implementation capacity. 

(4) FUNDING SOURCES.—The Advisor shall ensure that at 

least 25 percent of the overall funding necessary to meet the 

global goal set forth under paragraph (2)(B) is provided by nonFederal sources, including foreign governments, international 

institutions, and through partnerships with universities, civil 


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society, and the private sector, including private and corporate 

foundations. 

(f) SPECIAL COORDINATOR FOR INTERNATIONAL WATER— (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—To increase the capacity of the Department of State to address international issues regarding safe 

water, sanitation, integrated river basin management, and 

other international water programs, the Secretary of State shall 

establish a Special Coordinator for International Water (referred to in this subsection as the ‘Special Coordinator’), who 

shall report to the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global 

Affairs. The initial Special Coordinator shall be the individual 

serving as Special Coordinator for Water Resources as of the 

date of the enactment of the Senator Paul Simon Water for the 

World Act of 2011. 

(2) DUTIES.—The Special Coordinator shall— 

(A) oversee and coordinate the diplomatic policy of the 

United States Government with respect to global freshwater 

issues, including interagency coordination related to— 

(i) sustainable access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene; 

(ii) integrated river basin and watershed management; 

(iii) global food security; 

(iv) transboundary conflict; 

(v) agricultural and urban productivity of water resources; 

(vi) disaster recovery, response, and rebuilding; 

(vii) pollution mitigation; and 

(viii) adaptation to hydrologic change due to climate 

variability; and 

(B) ensure that international freshwater issues are represented— 

(i) within the United States Government; and 

(ii) in key diplomatic, development, and scientific efforts with other nations and multilateral organizations. 

(3) SUPPORT STAFF.—The Special Coordinator shall be designated appropriate staff to support the duties described in 

paragraph (2). 

SENATOR PAUL SIMON WATER FOR 

THE POOR ACT OF 2005 

* * * * * * * 

SEC. 6. SAFE WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE STRATEGY. 

(a) STRATEGY.—The President, acting through the Secretary of 

State, shall develop a strategy to further the United States foreign 

assistance objective to provide affordable and equitable access to 

safe water and sanitation in developing countries, as described in 

section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 5(a) of this Act. 

(b) CONSULTATION.The strategy required by subsection (a) shall 

be developed in consultation with the Administrator of the United 

States Agency for International Development, the heads of other 

appropriate Federal departments and agencies, international orgaVerDate Mar 15 2010 01:59 Aug 01, 2012 Jkt 019010 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6659 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\SR194.XXX SR194

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nizations, international financial institutions, recipient governments, United States and international nongovernmental organizations, indigenous civil society, and other appropriate entities. The 

Special Coordinator for International Water established under section 135(f) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 

2152h(f)) shall take actions to ensure that the safe water and sanitation strategy is integrated into any review or development of a 

Federal strategy for global development, global health, or global 

food security that sets forth or establishes the United States mission 

for global development, guidelines for assistance programs, and how 

development policy will be coordinated with policies governing 

trade, immigration, and other relevant international issues. 

(c) IMPLEMENTATION.—The Secretary of State, acting through the 

Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall implement the strategy required by subsection (a). 

The strategy may also be implemented in part by other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate. In developing the program 

activities needed to implement the strategy, the Secretary shall consider the results of the assessment described in subsection (e)(9). 

* * * * * * * 

(e) CONTENT.—The strategy required by subsection (a) shall include— 

(1) an assessment of the activities that have been carried 

out, or that are planned to be carried out, by all appropriate 

Federal departments and agencies to improve affordable and 

equitable access to safe water and sanitation in all countries 

that receive assistance from the United States; 

(2) specific and measurable goals, benchmarks, and timetables to achieve the objective described in subsection (a); 

(3) an assessment of the level of funding and other assistance for United States water and sanitation programs 

neededeach year to achieve the goals, benchmarks, and timetables described in paragraph (2); 

(4) methods to coordinate and integrate United States water 

and sanitation assistance programs with other United States 

development assistance programs to achieve the objective described in subsection (a); 

(5) methods to better coordinate United States water and 

sanitation assistance programs with programs of other donor 

countries and entities to achieve the objective described in subsection (a); øand¿ 

(6) an assessment of the commitment of governments of 

countries that receive assistance under section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 5(a) of this 

Act, to policies or policy reforms that support affordable and 

equitable access by the people of such countries to safe water 

and sanitationø.¿ ; 

(7) an assessment of all United States Government foreign assistance allocated to the drinking water and sanitation sector 

during the 3 previous fiscal years, across all United States Government agencies and programs, including an assessment of the 

extent to which the United States Government’s efforts are 

reaching and supporting the goal of enabling first-time access 

to safe water and sanitation on a sustainable basis for 

100,000,000 people in high priority countries; 


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(8) recommendations on what the United States Government 

would need to do to achieve and support the goals referred to 

in paragraph (7), in support of the United Nation’s Millennium 

Development Goal on access to safe drinking water; and 

(9) an assessment of best practices for mobilizing and 

leveraging the financial and technical capacity of business, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society in 

forming public-private partnerships that measurably increase 

access to safe, affordable, drinking water and sanitation. 

SEC. 7. MONITORING REQUIREMENT. 

The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United 

States Agency for International Development shall monitor the implementation of assistance under section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 5(a) of this Act, to ensure 

that the assistance is reaching its intended targets and meeting the 

intended purposes of assistance. 

SEC. 8. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING DEVELOPMENT OF LOCAL 

CAPACITY. 

It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of State should expand current programs and develop new programs, as necessary, to 

train local water and sanitation managers and other officials of 

countries that receive assistance under section 135 of the Foreign 

Assistance Act of 1961, as added by section 5(a) of this Act. 

SEC. 9. WATER AND SANITATION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY-BUILDING 

PROGRAM. 

(a) ESTABLISHMENT.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Secretary’’ and the ‘‘Administrator,’’ respectively), in consultation with host country institutions, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the 

Department of Agriculture, and other agencies, as appropriate, 

shall establish, in coordination with mission directors in high 

priority countries, a program to build the capacity of host country institutions and officials responsible for water and sanitation in countries that receive assistance under section 135 of the 

Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, including training at appropriate levels, to— 

(A) provide affordable, equitable, and sustainable access 

to safe drinking water and sanitation; 

(B) educate the populations of such countries about the 

dangers of unsafe drinking water and lack of proper sanitation; and 

(C) encourage behavior change to reduce individuals’ risk 

of disease from unsafe drinking water and lack of proper 

sanitation and hygiene. 

(2) EXPANSION.—The Secretary and the Administrator may 

establish the program described in this section in additional 

countries if the receipt of such capacity building would be beneficial for promoting access to safe drinking water and sanitation, with due consideration given to good governance. 

(3) CAPACITY.—The Secretary and the Administrator— 


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(A) should designate appropriate staff with relevant expertise to carry out the strategy developed under section 6; 

and 

(B) may utilize, as needed, interagency details or partnerships with universities, civil society, and the private sector 

to strengthen implementation capacity. 

(b) DESIGNATION.—The United States Agency for International 

Development Mission Director for each country receiving a ‘high priority’ designation under section 6(f) and for each region containing 

a country receiving such designation shall report annually to Congress on the status of— 

(1) designating safe drinking water and sanitation as a strategic objective; 

(2) integrating the water strategy into a food security strategy; 

(3) assigning an employee of the United States Agency for 

International Development as in-country water and sanitation 

manager to coordinate the in-country implementation of this 

Act and section 135 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 

U.S.C. 2152h) with host country officials at various levels of 

government responsible for water and sanitation, the Department of State, and other relevant United States Government 

agencies; and 

(4) coordinating with the Development Credit Authority and 

the Global Development Alliance to further the purposes of this 

Act. 

SEC. ø9.¿ 10. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING ADDITIONAL WATER 

AND SANITATION PROGRAMS. 

It is the sense of the Congress that— 

(1) the United States should further support, as appropriate, 

water and sanitation activities of United Nations agencies, 

such as the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the 

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the 

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); and 

(2) the Secretary of the Treasury should instruct each United 

States Executive Director at the multilateral development 

banks (within the meaning of section 1701(c) of the International Financial Institutions Act) to encourage the inclusion 

of water and sanitation programs as a critical element of their 

development assistance. 

SEC. ø10.¿ 11. REPORT REGARDING WATER FOR PEACE AND SECURITY. 

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Congress that United 

States programs to support and encourage efforts around the world 

to develop river basin, aquifer, and other watershedwide mechanisms for governance and cooperation are critical components of 

long-term United States national security and should be expanded. 

(b) REPORT.—The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall submit to the Committee on International Relations of 

the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a report on efforts that the United States is 

making to support and promote programs that develop river basin, 

aquifer, and other watershed-wide mechanisms for governance and 

cooperation. 


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SEC. ø11.¿ 12. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2006 and each subsequent fiscal year such sums as may 

be necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by 

this Act. 

(b) OTHER AMOUNTS.—Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations in subsection (a) shall be in addition 

to the amounts otherwise available to carry out this Act and the 

amendments made by this Act. 

(c) AVAILABILITY.—Amounts appropriated pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under subsection (a) are authorized to 

remain available until expended. 

Æ 


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