United States: 2007

2007 Economic Census

Transportation

2007 Commodity Flow Survey

Issued April 2010

U.S. Department of Transportation

Research and Innovative Technology Administration

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

EC07TCF-US

U.S. Department of Commerce 

Gary Locke,

Secretary

Dennis F. Hightower,

Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics 

Administration 

Rebecca M. Blank,

Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU 

Robert M. Groves,

Director

U.S. Department of 

Transportation 

Ray LaHood,

Secretary

John D. Porcari,

Deputy Secretary

Research and Innovative 

Technology Administration 

Peter H. Appel,

Administrator

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION 

STATISTICS 

Steven D. Dillingham,

Director

EC07TCF-US

United States: 2007 Issued April 2010

2007 Economic Census

Transportation

2007 Commodity Flow Survey
ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economics 

and Statistics 

Administration

Rebecca M. Blank,

Under Secretary for 

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Robert M. Groves,

Director

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,

Deputy Director and 

Chief Operating Officer

C. Harvey Monk, Jr.,

Associate Director for Economic Programs

William G. Bostic, Jr.,

Assistant Director for Economic Programs

Mark E. Wallace,

Chief, Service Sector Statistics Division

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION 

STATISTICS

Steven D. Dillingham,

Director

Steven K. Smith,

Deputy Director
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States iii

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Contents

Introduction to the Economic Census ............................................................. v

2007 Commodity Flow Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Tables 

1a. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 ........................ 1

1b. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 

 Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 2

1c. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ................ 3

2a. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 ........................... 4

2b. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ................... 4

2c. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 

 Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 5

3a. Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 ............................. 6

3b. Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ..................... 6

3c. Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 

 Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 7

4a. Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 ............................. 8

4b. Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ..................... 8

4c. Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 

 Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 9

5a. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5b. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 

 Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5c. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6. Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

 United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

8. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the 

 United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

9. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the 

 United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

10. Shipment Characteristics by Industry for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

11. Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

12. Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

13. Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

14. Shipment Characteristics by Origin State for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

15. Shipment Characteristics by Destination State for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Appendixes 

A. Comparability With Previous Commodity Flow Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1

B. Reliability of the Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1

C. Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1

D. Standard Classification of Transported Goods Code Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1

E. Sample Questionnaire Instructions and Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States v

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC 

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about 

the structure and functioning of the nation’s economy. 

It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the U.S. 

Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the U.S. Census 

Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, ending 

in “2” and “7.”

The economic census furnishes an important part of the 

framework for such composite measures as the gross 

domestic product estimates, input/output measures, 

production and price indexes, and other statistical series 

that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the 

following:

s Policymaking agencies of the federal government use 

the data to monitor economic activity and assess the 

effectiveness of policies.

s State and local governments use the data to assess 

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.

s Trade associations study trends in their own and 

competing industries, which allows them to keep their 

members informed of market changes.

s Individual businesses use the data to locate potential 

markets and to analyze their own production and sales 

performance relative to industry or area averages.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishment 

basis. A company operating at more than one location is 

required to file a separate report for each store, factory, 

ship, or other location. Each establishment is assigned a 

separate industry classification based on its primary activity and not that of its parent company.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

All results of the 2007 Economic Census are available on 

the American FactFinder Internet site <www.factfinder 

.census.gov>. The American FactFinder system at the Web 

site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the data. 

For more information, including a description of reports 

being issued, see the Web site; write to the U.S. Census 

Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300; or call the Customer 

Services center at 1-800-923-8282 or 301-763-4636.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated 

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for 

1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at 

varying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were 

included with those for population. Coverage of economic 

activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census 

and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. The 1905 Census of Manufactures was 

the first time a census was taken apart from the regular 

decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and 

wholesale trade and construction industries were added in 

1930, as were some service trades in 1933.

Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other 

business service censuses were suspended during World 

War II.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully 

integrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, 

definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was 

the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms 

provided by the administrative records of other federal 

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records have also 

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, 

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census 

report forms.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses 

expanded between 1967 and 2007. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967; and 

the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933, was 

broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was 

not until 1992 that the census broadened to include all of 

transportation, communications, and utilities. Also, new for 

1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and real estate 

industries. With these additions, the economic census and 

the separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent of all economic 
vi United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

activity. In 2002, there was new coverage in the following 

four industries classified in the Agriculture, Forestry, and 

Fishing sector under the Standard Industry Classification 

(SIC) system: landscape agricultural services, landscaping 

services, veterinary services, and pet care services.

Printed statistical reports from the 1997 and earlier economic censuses provide historical figures for the study 

of long-term time series and are available in some large 

libraries. CD-ROMs issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 

Economic Censuses contain databases including all or 

nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, 

such as Zip Code statistics, published only on CD-ROM.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about scope, coverage, and classification 

system for each economic census and related surveys is 

published in the “What’s New for 2007” section of the 2007 

Economic Census Web site at <www.census.gov/econ 

/census07/www/whats_new_for_2007/>. Data items and 

publications for each economic census and related surveys 

are published as part of the 2007 Economic Census on 

American FactFinder at <www.factfinder.census.gov>. More 

information on the methodology, procedures, and history 

of each economic census is published in the “Methodology” 

section of the 2007 Economic Census Web site at <www 

.census.gov/econ/census07/www/methodology/>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States vii 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

GENERAL

The 2007 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken 

through a partnership between the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. 

Department of Commerce and the Research and Innovative 

Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation 

Statistics (BTS), U.S. Department of Transportation. This 

survey produces data on the movement of goods in the 

United States. It provides information on commodities 

shipped, their value, weight, and mode of transportation, as well as the origin and destination of shipments 

of commodities from manufacturing, mining, wholesale, 

and select retail and services establishments. The CFS data 

are used by policy makers and transportation planners 

in various federal, state, and local agencies for assessing the demand for transportation facilities and services, 

energy use, and safety risk and environmental concerns. 

Additionally, business owners, private researchers, and 

analysts use the CFS data for analyzing trends in the movement of goods, mapping spatial patterns of commodity 

and vehicle flows, forecasting demands for the movement 

of goods, and determining needs for associated infrastructure and equipment. The CFS was conducted previously in 

2002, 1997, and 1993.

SCOPE

Industry Coverage

The 2007 CFS covers business establishments with 

paid employees that are located in the United States 

and are classified by the 2002 North American Industry 

Classification System (NAICS) in mining, manufacturing, 

wholesale trade, and selected retail and services trade 

industries—namely, electronic shopping and mail-order 

houses, fuel dealers, and publishers. Additionally, the survey covers auxiliary establishments (i.e., warehouses and 

managing offices) of multiestablishment companies. For 

the 2007 CFS, an advance survey (precanvass) of approximately 40,000 auxiliary establishments was conducted to 

identify those with shipping activity. Surveyed establishments that indicated undertaking shipping activities and 

the nonrespondents to the precanvass were included in the 

CFS sample universe.

The survey does not cover establishments classified in 

transportation, construction, and most retail and services 

industries. Farms, fisheries, foreign establishments, and 

most government-owned establishments are also excluded.

In-scope industries for the 2007 CFS were selected based 

on the 2002 version of the NAICS, while the industries 

included in the 2002 CFS were selected based on the 1997 

version of the NAICS. For the 1993 CFS and the 1997 CFS, 

the industries were selected based on the 1987 Standard 

Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Although attempts 

were made to maintain similar coverage among the SICbased surveys (1993 and 1997) and the NAICS-based 

surveys (2002 and 2007), there have been some changes 

in industry coverage due to the conversion from SIC to 

NAICS. Most notably, the logging industry changed from an 

in-scope Manufacturing SIC code (SIC 2411) to an out-ofscope sector of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting 

under NAICS 1133. Also, publishers were reclassified from 

Manufacturing Division (SIC 2711, 2721, 2731, 2741, 

and part of 2771) to information sector (NAICS 5111 and 

51223) and were excluded from the 2002 CFS. The 2007 

CFS, however, includes publishers and retail fuel dealers. 

Therefore, data users are urged to use caution when comparing 2007 CFS estimates with estimates from prior years.

2007 Commodity Flow Survey
viii United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

The NAICS industries covered in the 2007 CFS are listed in 

the following table:

NAICS code Description

212 Mining (except oil and gas)

311 Food manufacturing

312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing

313 Textile mills

314 Textile product mills

315 Apparel manufacturing

316 Leather and allied product manufacturing

321 Wood product manufacturing

322 Paper manufacturing

 3231 Printing and related support activities

324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

325 Chemical manufacturing

326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

331 Primary metal manufacturing 

332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing

333 Machinery manufacturing

334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing

335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component 

 manufacturing

336 Transportation equipment manufacturing

337 Furniture and related product manufacturing

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing

 4232 Wholesale trade, durable goods

 4242 Wholesale trade, nondurable goods

4541 Electronic shopping and mail-order houses

45431 Fuel dealers

 49313 Warehousing and storage

5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory 

 publishers

 512234 Music publishers

 5511145 Corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing 

 offices

1 Excludes Pre-Press Services (NAICS 323122).

2 Excludes manufacturers sale offices, agents and brokers, and own brand

importers.

3 Includes only captive warehouses that provide storage and shipping support to 

a single company. Warehouses offering their services to the general public and 

other businesses are excluded.

4 For tabulation and publication purposes, NAICS 51223 is grouped with NAICS 

5111.

5 Includes only those establishments in NAICS 551114 with shipping activity.

Note: Other industry areas that are not covered, but may have significant shipping 

activity, include agriculture and government. For agriculture, specifically, this 

means that the CFS does not cover shipments of agricultural products from the 

farm site to the processing centers or terminal elevators (most likely shortdistance local movements) but does cover the shipments of these products from 

the initial processing centers or terminal elevators onward.

Shipment Coverage

The CFS captures data on shipments originating from 

select types of business establishments located in the 50 

states and the District of Columbia. The survey does not 

cover shipments originating from business establishments 

located in Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions and territories. Shipments traversing the United States from a foreign location to another foreign location (e.g., from Canada 

to Mexico) are not included, nor are shipments from a 

foreign location to a U.S. location. However, imported products are included in the CFS at the point that they leave the 

importer’s initial domestic location for shipment to another 

location. Shipments that are shipped through a foreign 

territory with both the origin and destination in the United 

States are included in the CFS data. The mileages calculated for these shipments exclude the international segments (e.g., shipments from New York to Michigan through 

Canada do not include any mileage for Canada). Export 

shipments are included in the 2007 CFS. See the “Mileage 

Calculation” section for additional detail on how mileage 

estimates were developed. 

Information Collected

Establishments in the 2007 CFS were asked to provide 

the following information for a sample of their outbound 

shipments:

s Shipment ID number

s Shipment date (mm/dd)

s Shipment value

s Shipment weight in pounds

s Commodity code from Standard Classification of 

Transported Goods (SCTG) list 

s Commodity description

s Hazmat flag (United Nations [UN] or North American 

[NA] number)

s U.S. destination (city, state, Zip Code)—gateway for 

export shipment

s Modes of transportation

s Foreign destination (exports only—city, country)

s Export mode

By CFS definition, a shipment is a single movement of 

goods, commodities, or products from an establishment 

to a single customer or to another establishment owned 

or operated by the same company as the originating 
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States ix 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

establishment (e.g., a warehouse, distribution center, or 

retail or wholesale outlet). Full or partial truckloads were 

counted as a single shipment only if all commodities on 

the truck were destined for the same location. For multiple 

deliveries on a route, the goods delivered at each stop 

were counted as one shipment. Interoffice memos, payroll 

checks, or business correspondence were not included in 

the CFS. Likewise, the CFS does not include shipments of 

refuse, scrap paper, waste, or recyclable materials unless 

the establishment was in the business of selling or providing these materials.

Data Collection Method

The CFS survey was conducted through a mailout/mailback with an electronic reporting option. Each establishment selected into the 2007 CFS sample was mailed four 

questionnaires—one during each calendar quarter of year 

2007. The four questionnaires were the same, except for 

the addition of Item H—“Third-Party Logistics” to the fourth 

quarter questionnaire (see Appendix E for a copy of the 

questionnaire). The establishments were asked to provide 

shipment information about a sample of their individual 

outbound shipments during a prespecified 1-week period 

in each calendar quarter. Each of the 4 weeks was in the 

same relative position of the calendar quarter. Respondents 

who were interested in electronic reporting could request 

and use a secure electronic reporting option.

Mileage Calculations

General 

The distance traveled by each freight shipment sampled for 

the 2007 CFS was estimated using routing algorithms and 

an integrated, intermodal transportation network that has 

been developed and updated expressly for this purpose. 

Each shipment record contained the ZIP Codes of shipment 

origin and destination (O-D pair) and the mode or modal 

sequence required by the routing algorithm for distance 

estimation. Each record also contained information on type 

of commodity moved, its weight, dollar value, and hazardous materials (hazmat) status. For each export shipment, 

the U.S. port of exit (POE) was also identified, along with 

foreign destination city and country.

Valid and accurate O-D pair ZIP Codes were essential elements needed for estimating the travel distance of any 

shipment. For shipments with missing or invalid geographic data elements, such data elements were imputed if 

there was a high probability of accurate correction (e.g., a 

specific destination city/state was provided to allow a ZIP 

Code to be imputed for the shipment). Follow-up contact 

with respondents was required when the missing information could not be reasonably imputed.

GeoMiler—software to measure the distance traveled by 

commodity shipments

Mileages were computed using GeoMiler, a routing tool 

developed in partnership with MacroSys Research and 

Technology (MacroSys) specifically for CFS mileage calculations. This software tool used current Geographic 

Information System (GIS) technology and spatial multimodal network databases. It integrated map-visualization 

features with route solvers to handle many alternative 

multimodal combinations. This tool used algorithms that 

found the “best path” over spatial representations of the 

U.S. highway, railway, waterway, and airway networks. For 

waterborne export shipments, GeoMiler used a waterborne 

commerce database from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

to route freight originating in the United States via the 

deep sea (ocean). For airborne export shipments, GeoMiler 

used a newly developed air export network from the RITA 

/BTS Office of Airline Information (OAI).

For a domestic shipment, the mileage was calculated 

between the centroid (center of the geographic area) of the 

U.S. origin ZIP Code and the centroid of the destination ZIP 

Code. The route between an O-D pair was composed of a 

series of links and an impedance factor was assigned to 

each link (impedance is defined as a function of distance 

and travel time). Given a mode or modal sequence, the role 

of GeoMiler was to find that “best path” route which minimized the summed total impedance of the links between 

the specified O-D pair.

The mileage for shipments within a ZIP Code (matching O-D pair) was calculated by means of a formula that 

approximated the longest distance within the boundaries 

of that ZIP Code.

For multimodal shipments (those shipments involving more 

than one mode, such as truck-rail shipments), spatial joins 

(intermodal transfer links) were added to the network database to connect the individual modal networks together 

for routing purposes. An intermodal terminals database 

and a number of terminal transfer models were developed 

at RITA/BTS to identify likely transfer points for freight. An 

algorithm was used to find the minimum impedance path 

between a shipment’s origin ZIP Code to the transfer point 

and then from the transfer point to the destination ZIP 

Code. The cumulative length of the spatial joins plus links 

on this path provided the estimated distances used in CFS 

mileage computations.

The mileage for an export shipment was calculated 

between the centroid of the U.S. origin ZIP Code and the 

border crossing on the path of minimum impedance to 

the foreign destination country (foreign city in the case of 

Canada and Mexico). For all exports, a POE was found (seaport, airport, or border crossing) if not already provided 
x United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

by the respondent. However, only the portion of mileage 

measured within U.S. borders was included as domestic 

mileage in the CFS estimates.

Methodological Changes From Past Commodity 

Flow Surveys

Improvements in routing logic—particularly for highway, 

railway, and airway—were built into the GeoMiler software. 

Through the use of GeoMiler, distance calculations for 

freight transportation were refined to better estimate the 

actual shipment mileage. In particular, GeoMiler introduced 

an overall concept change in algorithm for:

s Highway routing 

s Railway routing 

s Waterway routing on export shipments 

s Airway routing on both domestic and export shipments 

s Routing in Alaska

Highway routing

To estimate highway mileage, GeoMiler considered the 

functional class of highway so that the “best path” was 

the quickest path based on the likely use of interstate and 

other major roadways and not necessarily the shortest 

path. The “quickest path” algorithms in terms of travel time 

incorporated the following hierarchical functional class of 

highway:

1. Interstate route

2. U.S. route

3. State route

4. County or other local route

Hence, the 2007 highway model favored the selection of 

the higher-order routes (interstate) rather than lower-order 

routes (state and county), which provided a more realistic 

path for freight movement via highway.

The use of these selection criteria, coupled with a more 

extensive highway network, produced higher mileages 

(an average of about 3 percent) on highway shipments of 

distances less than 300 miles.

Railway routing

To estimate railway mileage, GeoMiler selected a “single 

best path” from those calibrated with route density information obtained from sampled 2005 rail waybills, assigned 

a specific railroad company at shipment origin, and considered ownership, trackage rights, and interlining (the transfer from one railroad company’s trackage network to that 

of another). This procedure resulted in an average of about 

3 percent higher mileages on railway shipments than the 

procedure used to estimate the mileage for the 2002 CFS.

Waterway routing on export shipments

The mileage estimates for export shipments in the 2007 

CFS include the total distance from the shipment origin up 

to the exit port on the U.S. territorial borders.

For waterway exports via inland waterways (e.g., the 

Mississippi River), the mileage calculation included the 

distance from an inland water POE (such as St. Louis) to a 

coastal POE (such as New Orleans), and this extra inland 

waterway mileage was included in the total domestic mileage for this shipment.

The use of these selection criteria on waterway exports via 

inland waterways resulted in negligible changes to mileages on inland waterways.

For waterway exports via the Great Lakes (Lakes Erie, 

Huron, Michigan, Ontario, Superior), the mileage calculation was continued from a Great Lakes POE (such as 

Chicago, Cleveland, Duluth) to the line of demarcation 

between the United States and Canada (drawn within each 

of the Great Lakes except Michigan), and this extra Great 

Lakes mileage was included in the total domestic mileage 

for this shipment.

The use of these selection criteria on waterway exports 

via the Great Lakes produced much higher (an average of 

about 15 percent) mileages on Great Lakes waterways.

Airway routing on both domestic and export shipments

To estimate domestic airway mileage, GeoMiler selected 

the “single best path” from the three airports closest to the 

origin ZIP Code to the three airports closest to the destination ZIP Code. Criteria for route selection were calibrated 

with 2005 air route information provided by the OAI at 

RITA/BTS. As in the past, to be acceptable, an airway routing must generate at least twice as many airway miles as 

highway miles (the ratio of air/truck miles should be at 

least 2 to 1) in order to reach the destination.

Consequently, the GeoMiler chose the most likely air route 

from those routes that were nonstop (direct) from airport facilities with higher cargo lifts (weight transported 

between two airports) based on the OAI air cargo data.

For airway exports, the total domestic mileage included the 

mileage from the inland POE to a coastal point on the U.S. 

landmass (where the air flight path to a foreign country 

intersected with the U.S. territorial border).

The use of these selection criteria on both domestic airway 

and airway exports via inland airports, coupled with a 

more extensive airway network, produced much higher (an 

average of about 12 percent) mileages on airways.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States xi 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Routing in Alaska

Much of Alaska was inaccessible by any mode of transportation except “bush” airplanes. A “bush” airplane is a 

small aircraft that usually carries no more than four people, 

including the “bush” pilot. For the 2007 CFS, a network of 

mini airports, more extensive than that used previously 

in the 2002 CFS, was incorporated into intrastate travel 

within Alaska to accommodate “short-hop” flights where 

no established roads existed, especially in cases where the 

respondent reported a mode of highway.

Mileage Data for Pipeline Shipments

For pipeline shipments, ton-miles and average miles per 

shipment are not shown in the data files. For most of these 

shipments, the respondents reported the shipment destination as a pipeline facility on the main pipeline network. 

Therefore, for the majority of these shipments, the resulting mileage represented only the access distance through 

feeder pipelines to the main pipeline network and not the 

actual distance through the main pipeline network. Pipeline 

shipments are included in the U.S. totals for ton-miles and 

average miles per shipment. For security purposes, there 

is no pipeline network available in the public domain with 

which to route petroleum-based products. Hence, any 

modal distance, either single or multi, involving pipeline 

was considered as solely pipeline mileage from origin 

ZIP Code to destination ZIP Code and calculated to equal 

great circle distance (GCD). GCD is defined as the shortest 

distance between two points on the earth’s surface, taking 

into account the earth’s curvature.

Availability of Additional Transportation Data

Users of transportation data may be especially interested in 

the reports from the Service Annual Survey, which can be 

found on the Census Bureau’s Web site at <www.census 

.gov/services>. This survey covers firms with paid employees that provide commercial motor freight transportation 

and public warehousing services. Data collected include 

operating revenue and operating revenue by source, 

percentage of motor carrier freight revenue by commodity type, size of shipments handled, length of haul, and 

vehicle fleet inventory.

Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 1 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 1a.

Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007 

(million dollars)

Percentage

of total

2007

(thousands)

Percentage 

of total

2007

(millions)

Percentage

of total

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619

 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,539,037 81.6 11,698,128 93.3 2,894,251 86.5 234

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,335,789 71.3 8,778,713 70.0 1,342,104 40.1 206

 For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,955,700 42.4 4,075,136 32.5 1,055,646 31.6 599

 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,380,090 28.9 4,703,576 37.5 286,457 8.6 57

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436,420 3.7 1,861,307 14.8 1,344,040 40.2 728

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,905 1.0 403,639 3.2 157,314 4.7 520

 Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,004 0.8 343,307 2.7 117,473 3.5 144

 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 17,792 0.1 6,887 0.2 657

 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,058 0.2 42,540 0.3 32,954 1.0 923

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,276 2.2 3,611 (Z) 4,510 0.1 1,304

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399,646 3.4 650,859 5.2 (S) (S) (S)

 Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866,723 16.0 573,729 4.6 416,642 12.5 975

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561,874 13.4 33,900 0.3 27,961 0.8 975

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,248 1.6 225,589 1.8 196,772 5.9 1,007

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,389 0.5 145,521 1.2 98,396 2.9 1,429

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,892 0.1 54,878 0.4 47,111 1.4 1,928

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,320 0.4 113,841 0.9 46,402 1.4 1,182

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279,113 2.4 271,567 2.2 33,764 1.0 116

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 1b.

Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: Percentage of Total 

for 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

Total ........................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Single modes ........................................ 81.6 83.9 93.3 95.0 86.5 91.4

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 74.3 70.0 67.2 40.1 40.0

For-hire truck ............................................ 42.4 44.7 32.5 31.3 31.6 30.6

Private truck ............................................. 28.9 29.1 37.5 35.6 8.6 9.3

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.7 14.8 16.1 40.2 40.2

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.1 3.2 5.8 4.7 9.0

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.7 2.7 3.9 3.5 6.7

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) – 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.6 1.0 1.8

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.2 (Z) – 0.1 0.2

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1.8 5.2 5.9 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ....................................... 16.0 12.9 4.6 1.9 12.5 7.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier ............................ 13.4 11.8 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 0.8 1.8 0.4 5.9 1.5

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.2 1.2 0.2 2.9 1.0

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.4 0.9 1.4 3.7

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 – 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.4

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.2 2.2 3.1 1.0 1.4

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Notes:

Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on 

confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 3 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 1c.

Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per shipment

2007

(million

dollars)

2002

(million

dollars)

Percentage 

change

2007

(thousands)

2002

(thousands)

Percentage 

change

2007 

(millions)

2002 

 (millions)

Percentage 

change 2007 2002

Percentage 

change

Total ....................... 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6 619 546 13.5

Single modes .................... 9,539,037 7,049,383 35.3 11,698,128 11,086,660 5.5 2,894,251 2,867,938 0.9 234 240 –2.4

Truck2

 ................................. 8,335,789 6,235,001 33.7 8,778,713 7,842,836 11.9 1,342,104 1,255,908 6.9 206 173 19.4

For-hire truck ........................ 4,955,700 3,757,114 31.9 4,075,136 3,657,333 11.4 1,055,646 959,610 10.0 599 523 14.6

Private truck ......................... 3,380,090 2,445,288 38.2 4,703,576 4,149,658 13.3 286,457 291,114 –1.6 57 64 –10.5

Rail .................................. 436,420 310,884 40.4 1,861,307 1,873,884 –0.7 1,344,040 1,261,612 6.5 728 807 –9.9

Water ................................. 114,905 89,344 28.6 403,639 681,227 –40.7 157,314 282,659 –44.3 520 568 –8.5

Shallow draft ........................ 91,004 57,467 58.4 343,307 458,577 –25.1 117,473 211,501 –44.5 144 450 –67.9

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 843 (S) 17,792 38,041 –53.2 6,887 13,808 –50.1 657 339 93.9

Deep draft .......................... 23,058 31,034 –25.7 42,540 184,610 –77.0 32,954 57,350 –42.5 923 664 38.9

Air (includes truck and air) ................. 252,276 264,959 –4.8 3,611 3,760 –4.0 4,510 5,835 –22.7 1,304 1,919 –32.0

Pipeline3............................... 399,646 149,195 (S) 650,859 684,953 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ................... 1,866,723 1,079,185 73.0 573,729 216,686 164.8 416,642 225,715 84.6 975 895 8.9

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier ........ 1,561,874 987,746 58.1 33,900 25,513 32.9 27,961 19,004 47.1 975 894 9.0

Truck and rail ........................... 187,248 69,929 167.8 225,589 42,984 424.8 196,772 45,525 332.2 1,007 1,413 –28.8

Truck and water ......................... 58,389 14,359 306.6 145,521 23,299 524.6 98,396 32,413 203.6 1,429 1,950 –26.7

Rail and water .......................... 13,892 3,329 317.3 54,878 105,107 –47.8 47,111 114,986 –59.0 1,928 957 101.5

Other multiple modes .................... 45,320 3,822 1,085.8 113,841 19,782 475.5 46,402 13,788 236.5 1,182 (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ......... 279,113 268,642 3.9 271,567 364,573 –25.5 33,764 44,245 –23.7 116 130 –10.7

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 2a.

Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Mode of transportation1

Ton-miles2

Average 

miles per 

shipment

2007 

 (millions)

Percentage 

of total

Total ............................................... 3,344,663 100.0 610

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351,531 40.4 203

Rail .......................................................... 1,549,557 46.3 852

Shallow draft ................................................... 208,611 6.2 217

Great Lakes .................................................... 30,835 0.9 426

Deep draft ..................................................... 92,060 2.8 1,431

Air (includes truck and air) ......................................... 4,425 0.1 1,080

Pipeline4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier ................................ 27,852 0.8 971

Other and unknown modes ........................................ 33,510 1.0 112

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Estimates represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For example, “Truck” ton-miles 

includes total ton-miles for shipments moving only by truck plus ton-miles for truck segments of multiple mode shipments.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage 

Calculations” section for additional information.

3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of 

private truck and for-hire truck.

4 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated 

measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov 

/cfs>.

Table 2b. 

Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Mode of transportation1

Ton-miles2 Average miles per shipment

2007 

(millions)

2002 

(millions)

Percentage 

change 2007 2002

Percentage 

change

 Total ............................................ 3,344,663 3,137,902 6.6 610 536 13.8

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351,531 1,261,813 7.1 203 168 20.7

Rail .................................................... 1,549,557 1,360,760 13.9 852 893 –4.6

Shallow draft ............................................. 208,611 258,386 –19.3 217 459 –52.8

Great Lakes .............................................. 30,835 49,330 –37.5 426 354 20.4

Deep draft ............................................... 92,060 75,544 21.9 1,431 1,498 –4.5

Air (includes truck and air) ................................... 4,425 5,659 –21.8 1,080 1,866 –42.1

Pipeline4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......................... 27,852 19,004 46.6 971 894 8.7

Other and unknown modes .................................. 33,510 44,253 –24.3 112 130 –13.7

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Estimates represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For example, “Truck” ton-miles includes total ton-miles for shipments moving only by truck plus ton-miles for 

truck segments of multiple mode shipments.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

4 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 5 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 2c.

Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the 

United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be 

additive]

Mode of transportation1

Ton-miles2

2007 2002

 Total .................................................................... 100.0 100.0

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.4 40.2

Rail ............................................................................ 46.3 43.4

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 8.2

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.6

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.4

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2

Pipeline4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S)

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.4

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Estimates represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For example, “Truck” ton-miles 

includes total ton-miles for shipments moving only by truck plus ton-miles for truck segments of multiple mode shipments.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage 

Calculations” section for additional information.

3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of 

private truck and for-hire truck.

4 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated 

measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, 

nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov 

/cfs>.
6 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 3a.

Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Distance shipped1

 

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

2007 

(million dollars)

Percentage 

of total

2007 

(thousands)

Percentage 

of total

2007 

(millions)

Percentage 

of total

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851,545 33.0 6,948,743 55.4 156,161 4.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074,137 9.2 1,255,189 10.0 122,646 3.7

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777,031 15.2 1,585,315 12.6 374,666 11.2

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606,034 13.7 1,064,455 8.5 529,308 15.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019,498 8.7 618,981 4.9 533,163 15.9

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,623 6.2 517,669 4.1 616,594 18.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730,366 6.3 397,272 3.2 624,921 18.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,992 4.2 95,511 0.8 207,175 6.2

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,646 3.5 60,290 0.5 180,023 5.4

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 3b.

Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

2007 

(million 

dollars)

2002 

(million 

dollars)

Percentage 

change

2007 

(thousands)

2002 

(thousands)

Percentage 

change

2007 

(millions)

2002 

(millions)

Percentage 

change

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851,545 2,503,895 53.8 6,948,743 6,309,437 10.1 156,161 127,277 22.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074,137 757,601 41.8 1,255,189 1,183,817 6.0 122,646 111,297 10.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777,031 1,329,245 33.7 1,585,315 1,480,571 7.1 374,666 329,721 13.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606,034 1,221,437 31.5 1,064,455 1,082,136 –1.6 529,308 534,562 –1.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019,498 844,880 20.7 618,981 604,036 2.5 533,163 504,193 5.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,623 548,768 31.3 517,669 437,418 18.3 616,594 510,469 20.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730,366 501,419 45.7 397,272 419,584 –5.3 624,921 660,359 –5.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,992 353,663 40.0 95,511 99,991 –4.5 207,175 217,826 –4.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,646 336,302 22.1 60,290 50,929 18.4 180,023 142,193 26.6

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 7 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 3c.

Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: Percentage of Total for 

2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2 

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 29.8 55.4 54.1 4.7 4.1

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 9.0 10.0 10.1 3.7 3.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 15.8 12.6 12.7 11.2 10.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 14.5 8.5 9.3 15.8 17.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 10.1 4.9 5.2 15.9 16.1

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.5 4.1 3.7 18.4 16.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.0 3.2 3.6 18.7 21.0

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 0.8 0.9 6.2 6.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.0 0.5 0.4 5.4 4.5

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
8 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 4a.

Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Shipment weight

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007 

(million dollars)

Percentage 

of total

2007 

(thousands)

Percentage 

of total

2007 

(millions)

Percentage 

of total

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480,208 12.7 24,828 0.2 15,128 0.5 769

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,649 3.3 16,630 0.1 6,675 0.2 406

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094,506 9.4 96,679 0.8 26,644 0.8 287

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,788 2.7 47,963 0.4 10,974 0.3 229

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,805 1.9 43,626 0.3 9,573 0.3 217

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,381,303 20.4 709,781 5.7 167,196 5.0 227

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,984,093 34.1 5,267,458 42.0 984,285 29.4 194

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685,084 5.9 2,340,485 18.7 212,678 6.4 89

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,133,436 9.7 3,995,975 31.9 1,911,504 57.2 595

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 4b.

Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Shipment weight

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per shipment

2007

(million

dollars)

2002

(million

dollars)

Percentage

change

2007

(thousands)

2002

(thousands)

Percentage 

change

2007

(millions)

2002

(millions)

Percentage 

change 2007 2002

Percentage 

change

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6 619 546 13.5

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480,208 991,839 49.2 24,828 18,543 33.9 15,128 9,911 52.6 769 696 10.4

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,649 295,607 31.5 16,630 14,432 15.2 6,675 5,072 31.6 406 358 13.4

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094,506 811,133 34.9 96,679 85,224 13.4 26,644 21,920 21.6 287 263 9.3

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,788 246,872 25.5 47,963 40,816 17.5 10,974 9,473 15.8 229 232 –1.1

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,805 182,832 24.6 43,626 35,892 21.5 9,573 7,799 22.8 217 216 0.6

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,381,303 1,781,947 33.6 709,781 614,243 15.6 167,196 154,986 7.9 227 245 –7.5

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . 3,984,093 3,075,335 29.5 5,267,458 4,453,871 18.3 984,285 882,900 11.5 194 202 –4.2

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . 685,084 390,050 75.6 2,340,485 2,129,556 9.9 212,678 189,129 12.5 89 87 1.9

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . 1,133,436 621,594 82.3 3,995,975 4,275,342 –6.5 1,911,504 1,856,708 3.0 595 477 24.8

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 9 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 4c.

Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: Percentage of Total for 

2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Shipment weight

Value Tons Ton-miles1 

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 11.8 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 9.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 21.2 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.9

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 36.6 42.0 38.2 29.4 28.1

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.6 18.7 18.3 6.4 6.0

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 7.4 31.9 36.6 57.2 59.2

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
10 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 5a.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

SCTG

 code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average

miles per 

shipment

2007

(million

dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619

01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 0.1 6,150 (Z) 3,973 0.1 739

02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 0.7 514,151 4.1 203,446 6.1 139

03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 1.2 211,890 1.7 88,207 2.6 354

04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,472 0.8 246,436 2.0 76,188 2.3 499

05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,251 2.4 98,413 0.8 48,549 1.5 247

06 Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 1.2 120,023 1.0 50,732 1.5 403

07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,757 4.1 468,435 3.7 171,452 5.1 268

08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 1.4 114,012 0.9 36,685 1.1 80

09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 0.6 3,289 (Z) 390 (Z) 407

10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 (Z) 28,738 0.2 3,113 0.1 123

11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 0.1 460,085 3.7 41,125 1.2 56

12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 0.2 2,039,457 16.3 147,770 4.4 37

13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 0.1 272,264 2.2 52,096 1.6 223

14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 0.3 76,672 0.6 39,319 1.2 504

15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 0.3 1,416,187 11.3 835,796 25.0 106

17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 5.7 959,161 7.6 68,647 2.1 43

18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 3.2 641,894 5.1 54,243 1.6 32

19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 2.3 578,188 4.6 127,190 3.8 111

20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 2.3 412,581 3.3 171,156 5.1 428

21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 6.6 19,076 0.2 8,134 0.2 635

22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 0.4 149,600 1.2 58,970 1.8 171

23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,750 2.8 123,537 1.0 58,477 1.7 638

24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 4.2 186,392 1.5 104,622 3.1 550

25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 0.1 107,869 0.9 11,164 0.3 110

26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 1.6 323,773 2.6 100,787 3.0 328

27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,857 1.1 145,380 1.2 82,098 2.5 297

28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 1.0 82,233 0.7 28,977 0.9 512

29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 1.6 51,435 0.4 22,363 0.7 579

30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 4.1 46,728 0.4 30,643 0.9 1,101

31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 1.7 1,156,790 9.2 115,289 3.4 447

32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 4.2 364,940 2.9 129,224 3.9 360

33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292 3.3 131,924 1.1 52,343 1.6 561

34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 5.4 66,728 0.5 36,760 1.1 498

35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office

 equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 9.0 47,528 0.4 31,645 0.9 815

36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,288 7.8 133,126 1.1 64,776 1.9 489

37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 1.5 6,815 0.1 4,471 0.1 908

38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 2.6 5,668 (Z) 3,513 0.1 1,008

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and

 illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,286 1.3 26,633 0.2 15,024 0.4 766

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 4.2 91,844 0.7 41,995 1.3 1,012

41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 0.7 305,878 2.4 67,023 2.0 152

43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 8.0 300,922 2.4 56,137 1.7 369

99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 (Z) (S) (Z) 145 (Z) 485

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 11 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 5b.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 

2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

SCTG

code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles1 

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – (Z) – 0.1 –

02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.6 4.1 4.8 6.1 8.4

03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.5

04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6

05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.3

06 Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.6

07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 5.1 5.1

08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8

09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 (Z) – (Z) –

10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) – 0.2 0.2 0.1 –

11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 3.7 4.1 1.2 1.0

12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 16.3 16.0 4.4 3.4

13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.8

14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.2 2.0

15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 11.3 10.6 25.0 21.9

17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.3 7.6 9.1 2.1 3.7

18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.4 5.1 4.7 1.6 1.8

19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.0 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.0

20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.8 3.3 3.0 5.1 3.7

21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.3 1.8 2.8

23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.7 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.7

24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 1.5 1.2 3.1 2.6

25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.9 (S) 0.3 0.2

26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.8

27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5

28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7

29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5

30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 5.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.8 9.2 8.3 3.4 4.3

32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic

 shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.9 3.9

33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4

34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office

 equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 10.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.9

37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.7 (Z) 0.2 0.1 0.1

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings,

 and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.6 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1

41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.5 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.5

43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 10.0 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.7

99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0.3

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Notes:

Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on 

confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
12 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 5c.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

SCTG

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per shipment

2007

(million

dollars)

2002

(million

dollars)

Percentage

change

2007

(thousands)

2002

(thousands)

Percentage

change

2007

(millions)

2002

(millions)

Percentage

change 2007 2002

Percentage

change

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6 619 546 13.5

01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 7,410 (S) 6,150 6,118 (S) 3,973 1,586 150.5 739 530 39.4

02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 53,835 57.6 514,151 561,089 –8.4 203,446 264,239 –23.0 139 138 0.9

03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 129,471 10.9 211,890 259,178 –18.2 88,207 109,362 –19.3 354 481 –26.4

04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . 90,472 52,142 73.5 246,436 227,991 8.1 76,188 51,158 48.9 499 167 198.9

05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . 277,251 201,304 37.7 98,413 84,506 16.5 48,549 41,352 17.4 247 162 52.7

06 Milled grain products and preparations and

 bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 113,379 26.2 120,023 109,311 9.8 50,732 49,001 3.5 403 189 113.5

07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . 479,757 355,561 34.9 468,435 448,924 4.3 171,452 161,565 6.1 268 179 49.5

08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 108,991 45.3 114,012 89,434 27.5 36,685 25,735 42.6 80 55 45.8

09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 69,868 (S) 3,289 4,370 (S) 390 983 –60.4 407 334 21.9

10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 3,039 (S) 28,738 22,451 (S) 3,113 1,571 98.1 123 170 –27.5

11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 3,644 82.9 460,085 472,975 –2.7 41,125 29,990 37.1 56 45 23.4

12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 12,850 64.7 2,039,457 1,866,487 9.3 147,770 105,826 39.6 37 30 24.6

13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 10,066 66.2 272,264 184,632 47.5 52,096 56,630 –8.0 223 185 20.5

14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 14,027 134.6 76,672 98,267 –22.0 39,319 63,028 –37.6 504 474 6.3

15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 22,875 67.1 1,416,187 1,239,862 14.2 835,796 686,279 21.8 106 120 –11.9

17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 279,407 137.4 959,161 1,063,569 –9.8 68,647 117,219 –41.4 43 52 –16.5

18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 116,119 (S) 641,894 549,007 (S) 54,243 55,464 –2.2 32 32 –0.2

19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 82,130 226.5 578,188 447,975 29.1 127,190 93,001 36.8 111 102 8.8

20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 153,656 76.7 412,581 347,670 18.7 171,156 115,961 47.6 428 417 2.7

21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 479,117 61.0 19,076 24,270 –21.4 8,134 11,337 –28.3 635 693 –8.4

22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 34,049 28.1 149,600 264,319 (S) 58,970 87,605 –32.7 171 157 8.8

23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . 331,750 226,598 46.4 123,537 105,962 16.6 58,477 53,657 9.0 638 385 65.7

24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 325,673 50.3 186,392 139,973 33.2 104,622 80,827 29.4 550 424 29.8

25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 5,756 23.1 107,869 (S) (S) 11,164 7,790 43.3 110 (S) (S)

26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 158,586 15.9 323,773 345,940 –6.4 100,787 120,151 –16.1 328 242 35.3

27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . 126,857 102,495 23.8 145,380 137,053 6.1 82,098 78,160 5.0 297 206 44.1

28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 103,713 13.8 82,233 69,211 18.8 28,977 23,360 24.0 512 282 81.5

29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 134,452 41.6 51,435 34,015 51.2 22,363 17,037 31.3 579 816 –29.1

30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles 

 or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 466,429 1.5 46,728 51,232 –8.8 30,643 31,787 –3.6 1,101 940 17.1

31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 149,951 31.4 1,156,790 967,978 19.5 115,289 135,937 –15.2 447 357 25.3

32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms 

 and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 259,834 88.0 364,940 328,053 11.2 129,224 121,330 6.5 360 270 33.4

33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292 234,571 65.5 131,924 116,447 13.3 52,343 42,680 22.6 561 392 43.2

34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 484,152 29.8 66,728 63,390 5.3 36,760 34,535 6.4 498 377 32.0

35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and

 components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 890,803 17.5 47,528 49,592 –4.2 31,645 30,269 4.5 815 713 14.3

36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . 907,288 748,550 21.2 133,126 133,088 – 64,776 59,029 9.7 489 395 23.8

37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 155,013 12.2 6,815 18,352 –62.9 4,471 10,649 –58.0 908 1,074 –15.5

38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 225,070 35.3 5,668 18,352 –69.1 3,513 3,912 –10.2 1,008 922 9.3

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, 

 lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . 152,286 139,727 9.0 26,633 32,546 –18.2 15,024 13,705 9.6 766 515 48.7

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 387,426 26.6 91,844 79,208 16.0 41,995 34,467 21.8 1,012 995 1.7

41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 37,896 117.0 305,878 217,234 40.8 67,023 48,009 39.6 152 166 –8.5

43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 840,346 10.9 300,922 299,926 0.3 56,137 52,823 6.3 369 329 12.3

99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 17,229 –91.6 (S) 24,266 (S) 145 8,889 –98.4 485 485 0.1

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Notes:

Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on 

confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 13 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average 

miles

per

shipment

2007

(million

dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619

010 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 0.1 6,150 (Z) 3,973 0.1 739

021 Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,884 0.2 135,053 1.1 59,854 1.8 241

022 Corn, except sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,362 0.4 330,089 2.6 126,146 3.8 91

029 Other cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,605 0.1 49,009 0.4 17,446 0.5 210

031 Fresh or chilled potatoes (Irish potatoes), except sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,828 0.1 9,980 0.1 6,189 0.2 108

032 Fresh or chilled edible vegetables, except potatoes (Irish potatoes), and dried vegetables . . . . . . . 38,943 0.3 30,326 0.2 16,304 0.5 142

033 Fresh, chilled, or dried edible fruit and nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,795 0.3 20,540 0.2 12,657 0.4 160

034 Soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,988 0.3 108,436 0.9 39,292 1.2 161

035 Oil seeds and nuts, except olives and soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 (Z) 6,478 0.1 2,405 0.1 256

036 Bulb, live plants, and seeds for sowing, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,539 0.1 7,699 0.1 4,150 0.1 832

039 Fresh-cut flowers, plants, and parts of plants, and other agricultural products, except forage

 products and cereal straw or husks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,272 0.2 28,432 0.2 7,210 0.2 206

041 Cereal straw or husks, forage products, residues and waste from the food industries used in

 animal feeding, and eggs and other products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,306 0.3 102,979 0.8 40,945 1.2 243

042 Animal feed preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,167 0.5 143,457 1.1 35,242 1.1 552

051 Meat including poultry, except preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,949 2.0 88,819 0.7 43,154 1.3 257

052 Fish, except live, and seafood, except preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,913 0.3 7,736 0.1 4,180 0.1 218

053 Preparations, extracts, and juices of meat, fish, or seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,389 (Z) 1,857 (Z) 1,215 (Z) 315

061 Wheat flour, groats, and meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,721 0.1 32,063 0.3 8,813 0.3 168

062 Malt, starches, insulin, wheat gluten, and milled or otherwise worked grains, except wheat flour,

 groats, and meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,860 0.1 22,018 0.2 12,794 0.4 984

063 Food preparations of cereals, flour, starch, or milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,196 0.3 25,085 0.2 12,785 0.4 701

064 Bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,362 0.7 40,858 0.3 16,340 0.5 330

071 Dairy products, except chocolate milk, eggnog, and food preparations of milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,682 1.0 81,701 0.7 23,757 0.7 107

072 Processed or prepared vegetables, fruit, or nuts, except dried or milled, and juices. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,438 0.8 61,965 0.5 43,443 1.3 148

073 Coffee, tea, and spices, except unprocessed coffee and unfermented tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,735 0.2 5,136 (Z) 2,739 0.1 520

074 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products, prepared edible fats, animal or

 vegetable waxes, and flours and meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,644 0.3 55,812 0.4 25,181 0.8 377

075 Cane, beet, and other sugars in solid form, sugar syrups not containing added flavoring or

 coloring matter, and molasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,899 0.1 35,535 0.3 16,616 0.5 251

076 Confectionery, cocoa, and cocoa preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,695 0.2 8,147 0.1 5,335 0.2 1,119

077 Edible preparations, n.e.c. and vinegar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,063 0.6 39,054 0.3 23,797 0.7 732

078 Nonalcoholic beverages, n.e.c. and ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,600 0.9 181,085 1.4 30,585 0.9 67

081 Malt beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,310 0.7 81,129 0.6 16,802 0.5 34

082 Wine and other fermented beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,283 0.3 13,091 0.1 6,873 0.2 179

083 Spirituous beverages and ethyl alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,729 0.3 19,791 0.2 13,010 0.4 92

090 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 0.6 3,289 (Z) 390 (Z) 407

100 Monumental or building stone, except dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 (Z) 28,738 0.2 3,113 0.1 123

110 Natural sands, except metal-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 0.1 460,085 3.7 41,125 1.2 56

120 Gravel and crushed stone, except dolomite and slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 0.2 2,039,457 16.3 147,770 4.4 37

131 Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,565 (Z) 54,553 0.4 20,382 0.6 381

132 Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminum-calcium phosphates, and phosphatic chalk . . . . . . 868 (Z) 16,563 0.1 1,026 (Z) 233

133 Dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969 (Z) 111,138 0.9 4,704 0.1 24

139 Other nonmetallic minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,324 0.1 90,009 0.7 25,983 0.8 300

141 Iron ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,774 (Z) 66,322 0.5 29,905 0.9 138

149 Other metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,136 0.2 10,350 0.1 9,414 0.3 577

151 Nonagglomerated bituminous coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,872 0.3 1,300,861 10.4 832,520 24.9 108

159 Other coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,356 (Z) 115,326 0.9 3,276 0.1 87

171 Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615,229 5.3 883,224 7.0 61,355 1.8 43

172 Aviation turbine fuel (types A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,966 0.4 75,937 0.6 7,293 0.2 99

180 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 3.2 641,894 5.1 54,243 1.6 32

191 Lubricating oils and greases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,191 0.8 60,939 0.5 24,293 0.7 225

192 Refined petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,648 0.4 73,539 0.6 30,652 0.9 86

193 Gaseous hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,791 0.7 113,850 0.9 21,531 0.6 33

199 Other products of petroleum refining, and coal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,533 0.5 329,862 2.6 50,713 1.5 100

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 6.

Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
14 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average 

miles

per

shipment

2007

(million

dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

201 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,988 0.1 25,408 0.2 10,901 0.3 167

202 Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,908 0.7 229,673 1.8 88,089 2.6 168

203 Cyclic hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,212 0.2 22,975 0.2 6,392 0.2 754

204 Phenols, phenol-alcohols, aldehydes, cyclic polymers of aldehydes, paraformaldehyde, ketones,

 quinones, organic acids, and acyclic alcohols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,844 0.3 29,373 0.2 14,195 0.4 423

205 Organic chemicals, n.e.c.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,517 1.1 105,152 0.8 51,579 1.5 756

210 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 6.6 19,076 0.2 8,134 0.2 635

220 Fertilizers and fertilizer materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 0.4 149,600 1.2 58,970 1.8 171

231 Paints and varnishes, tanning or dyeing extracts, tannins and their derivatives, dyes, putty and

 other mastics, inks, and coloring matter, except pigments and synthetic organic dyes, lakes, and

 toners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,782 0.5 20,578 0.2 10,497 0.3 839

232 Essential oils and resinoids, and perfumery, cosmetic, or toilet preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,263 0.9 14,160 0.1 9,193 0.3 756

233 Soap, organic surface-active agents, cleaning preparations, polishes and creams, and scouring

 preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,653 0.5 40,896 0.3 19,125 0.6 360

234 Photographic film, plates, paper, paperboard, or textiles, and chemical preparations for

 photographic use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,602 0.2 1,821 (Z) 1,291 (Z) 404

235 Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, antisprouting products, plant-growth regulators,

 disinfectants, and similar products, in packages for retail sale or as preparations or articles . . . . . 30,055 0.3 9,778 0.1 3,626 0.1 254

239 Other chemical products and preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,395 0.5 36,304 0.3 14,745 0.4 470

241 Plastics in primary forms, rubber in primary forms or sheets, and unvulcanized compounded

 rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,270 1.0 79,626 0.6 51,457 1.5 600

242 Manmade fibers and plastics basic shapes and articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261,587 2.2 82,469 0.7 40,919 1.2 654

243 Rubber articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,578 0.9 24,297 0.2 12,247 0.4 367

250 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 0.1 107,869 0.9 11,164 0.3 110

261 Wood chips or particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859 (Z) 66,612 0.5 5,810 0.2 73

262 Lumber, wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or faces, and shingles and shakes . . . . 83,765 0.7 155,769 1.2 58,538 1.8 287

263 Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood, particle board, fiberboard, plywood, veneered panels, and

 similar boards of ligneous material or laminated wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,970 0.4 58,145 0.5 26,378 0.8 294

264 Builders joinery and carpentry of wood, except shingles and shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,857 0.3 13,142 0.1 3,826 0.1 283

269 Other wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,418 0.2 30,106 0.2 6,235 0.2 540

271 Pulp of fibrous cellulosic materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,842 0.1 14,249 0.1 7,629 0.2 586

272 Newsprint in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,152 (Z) 6,618 0.1 4,098 0.1 358

273 Uncoated paper and paperboard in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,871 0.6 81,447 0.6 46,772 1.4 258

274 Coated, impregnated, treated, or worked paper and paperboard, in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . 47,993 0.4 43,066 0.3 23,598 0.7 353

280 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 1.0 82,233 0.7 28,977 0.9 512

291 Printed books, brochures, leaflets, and similar printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,609 0.7 11,618 0.1 7,003 0.2 1,047

292 Newspapers, journals, and periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,831 0.2 15,338 0.1 2,594 0.1 78

293 Advertising material, commercial or trade catalogues, and similar printed products. . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,826 0.3 15,664 0.1 7,888 0.2 831

299 Other printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,123 0.4 8,816 0.1 4,879 0.1 757

301 Textile fibers, yarns, and broadwoven or knitted fabrics, except coated or treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,837 0.5 10,954 0.1 5,131 0.2 987

302 Textile clothing and accessories, and headgear, except safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262,867 2.2 12,452 0.1 11,195 0.3 1,099

303 Textiles and textile articles, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,757 0.8 20,627 0.2 11,442 0.3 933

304 Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,234 0.3 1,706 (Z) 1,753 0.1 1,363

305 Leather and articles, luggage of related materials, and dressed furskins and articles . . . . . . . . . . . 17,916 0.2 990 (Z) 1,123 (Z) 1,289

311 Hydraulic cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,296 0.2 204,141 1.6 24,995 0.7 80

312 Ceramic products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,345 0.3 30,987 0.2 10,931 0.3 738

313 Glass and glass products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,203 0.4 36,299 0.3 14,806 0.4 711

319 Other nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,149 0.8 885,363 7.1 64,556 1.9 79

321 Iron and steel in primary forms, in semifinished forms, or in powders or granules, and

 ferroalloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,266 0.4 37,698 0.3 11,955 0.4 442

322 Flat-rolled products of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171,961 1.5 185,342 1.5 60,375 1.8 219

323 Bars, rods, angles, shapes, sections, and wire, of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,126 0.9 103,111 0.8 33,986 1.0 366

324 Nonferrous metal, except precious, in unwrought forms, in finished basic shapes, or in powders

 or granules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,057 1.4 38,789 0.3 22,908 0.7 458

331 Pipes, tubes, and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,274 1.0 58,733 0.5 23,424 0.7 305

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 6.

Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 15 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average 

miles

per

shipment

2007

(million

dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

332 Structures and parts, except prefabricated buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,291 0.7 30,351 0.2 11,741 0.4 426

333 Handtools, cutlery, except of precious metals, interchangeable tools for hand- or machine-tools,

 hardware, and industrial fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,327 0.8 12,824 0.1 5,909 0.2 639

339 Other articles of metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,400 0.7 30,015 0.2 11,269 0.3 750

341 Internal-combustion piston engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,445 0.9 9,757 0.1 5,235 0.2 405

342 Turbines, boilers, nuclear reactors, and nonelectric engines and motors, except internal

 combustion piston engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,246 0.4 1,200 (Z) 771 (Z) 662

343 Pumps, compressors, and fans, and ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan . . . . . . . . . . 62,546 0.5 4,777 (Z) 3,064 0.1 585

344 Air-conditioning, refrigerating, or freezing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,508 0.5 7,692 0.1 4,169 0.1 272

345 Materials-handling, excavating, boring, and related machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,191 0.8 17,403 0.1 10,404 0.3 410

349 Other machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,331 2.3 25,898 0.2 13,116 0.4 563

351 Electric motors, generators, generating sets, rotary converters, transformers, static converters,

 and inductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,906 0.4 5,470 (Z) 3,116 0.1 597

352 Electric cooking appliances and other electrothermic or electromechanical domestic appliances . . 25,312 0.2 3,008 (Z) 2,356 0.1 1,027

353 Line telephone or telegraph apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,755 0.3 389 (Z) 312 (Z) 699

354 Electronic entertainment products, except parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,483 0.9 5,014 (Z) 5,056 0.2 1,136

355 Computer and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,615 1.9 3,900 (Z) 3,456 0.1 1,000

356 Prepared unrecorded or prerecorded media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,714 0.5 1,487 (Z) 1,769 0.1 1,135

357 Transmission apparatus for radio or television broadcasting, radio transmission and reception

 apparatus, radar apparatus, radio navigational-aid apparatus, and radio remote-control

 apparatus, except radio broadcast receivers and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,903 0.5 529 (Z) 534 (Z) 978

358 Electronic components and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,919 1.6 1,121 (Z) 872 (Z) 1,131

359 Other electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,888 2.6 26,611 0.2 14,175 0.4 494

361 Motor vehicles for the transport of less than 10 people, except motorcycles, armored fighting

 vehicles, snowmobiles, golf carts and similar vehicles, and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,027 2.6 31,864 0.3 17,950 0.5 446

362 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and road tractors for semitrailers, except parts . . . . . . . . 50,305 0.4 7,735 0.1 3,922 0.1 397

363 Other vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,244 1.2 20,485 0.2 11,832 0.4 725

364 Parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except motorcycles and armored fighting vehicles . . . . . 418,712 3.6 73,042 0.6 31,072 0.9 455

371 Locomotives and rolling stock, railway track fixtures and fittings, mechanical or electromechanical

 traffic-signalling equipment, and intermodal containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,157 0.1 4,602 (Z) 2,704 0.1 734

372 Aircraft and spacecraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,337 1.2 982 (Z) 674 (Z) 931

373 Ships, boats, and floating structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,388 0.1 1,230 (Z) 1,094 (Z) 790

381 Optical elements, instruments, and apparatus, except photographic and photocopying equipment

 and optical instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,878 0.3 320 (Z) 225 (Z) 996

382 Photographic and photocopying machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,349 0.3 587 (Z) 286 (Z) 947

383 Surveying,hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, geophysical, drawing, or length-measuring

 instruments and appliances, and navigational and meteorological instruments and appliances,

 except radar and other radio-type apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,465 0.1 66 (Z) 59 (Z) 1,105

384 Instruments, apparatus, and appliances for medical, surgical, dental, or veterinary sciences, or for

 similar purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,352 1.4 3,084 (Z) 1,713 0.1 1,061

385 Meters and other instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking, testing, or controlling . . . . . 74,577 0.6 1,610 (Z) 1,231 (Z) 880

390 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . 152,286 1.3 26,633 0.2 15,024 0.4 766

401 Arms and ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,714 0.2 688 (Z) 546 (Z) 1,033

402 Toys, games, and sporting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,695 0.6 7,875 0.1 6,372 0.2 1,196

409 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403,896 3.5 83,281 0.7 35,078 1.0 946

411 Metallic waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,639 0.6 186,551 1.5 31,232 0.9 110

412 Nonmetallic waste and scrap, except from food processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,604 0.1 119,327 1.0 35,791 1.1 212

439 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 8.0 300,922 2.4 56,137 1.7 369

999 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 (Z) 583 (Z) 145 (Z) 485

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 6.

Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
16 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

All Commodities

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,539,037 81.6 11,698,128 93.3 2,894,251 86.5 234

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,335,789 71.3 8,778,713 70.0 1,342,104 40.1 206

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,955,700 42.4 4,075,136 32.5 1,055,646 31.6 599

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,380,090 28.9 4,703,576 37.5 286,457 8.6 57

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436,420 3.7 1,861,307 14.8 1,344,040 40.2 728

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,905 1.0 403,639 3.2 157,314 4.7 520

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,004 0.8 343,307 2.7 117,473 3.5 144

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 17,792 0.1 6,887 0.2 657

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,058 0.2 42,540 0.3 32,954 1.0 923

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252,276 2.2 3,611 (Z) 4,510 0.1 1,304

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399,646 3.4 650,859 5.2 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866,723 16.0 573,729 4.6 416,642 12.5 975

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561,874 13.4 33,900 0.3 27,961 0.8 975

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,248 1.6 225,589 1.8 196,772 5.9 1,007

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,389 0.5 145,521 1.2 98,396 2.9 1,429

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,892 0.1 54,878 0.4 47,111 1.4 1,928

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,320 0.4 113,841 0.9 46,402 1.4 1,182

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279,113 2.4 271,567 2.2 33,764 1.0 116

SCTG 01, Live Animals and Live Fish

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 100.0 6,150 100.0 3,973 100.0 739

 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,602 97.9 6,075 98.8 3,956 99.6 315

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,379 95.8 6,053 98.4 3,928 98.9 236

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,902 72.9 4,537 73.8 3,625 91.3 708

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477 22.9 1,517 24.7 303 7.6 (S)

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,463

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 9 0.2 11 0.3 1,152

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 9 0.2 11 0.3 1,152

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –– – – – – –

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,538

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 17 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 02, Cereal Grains

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 100.0 514,151 100.0 203,446 100.0 139

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,017 89.6 466,087 90.7 181,103 89.0 129

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,994 43.6 234,029 45.5 17,532 8.6 84

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,627 23.1 123,027 23.9 11,642 5.7 106

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,367 20.5 111,001 21.6 5,889 2.9 64

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,576 32.5 161,447 31.4 115,354 56.7 800

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,168 13.2 69,583 13.5 48,215 23.7 1,008

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,238 12.1 64,190 12.5 47,803 23.5 1,022

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 1.0 5,112 1.0 (S) (S) 26

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,482 6.5 32,002 6.2 21,885 10.8 1,007

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) 3 (Z) (S) (S) 834

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,145

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 920

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,744 2.1 11,937 2.3 (S) (S) 784

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885 2.2 10,618 2.1 8,109 4.0 884

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 101

SCTG 03, Other Agricultural Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 100.0 211,890 100.0 88,207 100.0 354

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,762 91.0 189,600 89.5 72,147 81.8 216

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,832 82.7 154,135 72.7 44,436 50.4 207

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,287 42.0 74,922 35.4 38,262 43.4 966

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,545 40.8 79,213 37.4 6,173 7.0 103

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,530 3.9 16,029 7.6 13,954 15.8 998

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,589 3.9 19,303 9.1 13,494 15.3 1,024

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,662 3.2 16,660 7.9 13,118 14.9 991

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,050

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 0.6 (S) (S) (S) (S) 972

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,668 6.7 17,140 8.1 15,458 17.5 982

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,842 2.0 98 (Z) 96 0.1 982

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761 3.3 11,147 5.3 9,711 11.0 920

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400 1.0 4,162 2.0 4,196 4.8 1,732

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,731 0.8 1,451 1.6 (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207 2.2 5,149 2.4 602 0.7 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
18 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 04, Animal Feed and Products of Animal Origin, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,472 100.0 246,436 100.0 76,188 100.0 499

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,470 87.8 227,721 92.4 57,461 75.4 144

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,408 82.2 203,977 82.8 36,450 47.8 136

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,340 40.2 92,051 37.4 25,784 33.8 298

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,068 42.1 111,926 45.4 10,666 14.0 81

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941 5.5 23,157 9.4 20,787 27.3 884

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 224 0.3 2,241

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (Z) 136 0.1 125 0.2 919

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,304

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,167 10.1 15,498 6.3 18,102 23.8 1,006

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 1.1 147 0.1 112 0.1 998

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,143 7.9 10,756 4.4 14,354 18.8 1,461

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,575

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836 2.0 3,217 1.3 625 0.8 77

SCTG 05, Meat, Fish, Seafood, and Their Preparations

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,251 100.0 98,413 100.0 48,549 100.0 247

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,162 97.4 95,705 97.2 42,427 87.4 140

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,892 96.3 94,294 95.8 40,274 83.0 128

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148,414 53.5 53,076 53.9 33,939 69.9 581

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,478 42.7 41,218 41.9 6,335 13.0 66

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,257 0.5 963 1.0 1,573 3.2 980

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 0.3 330 0.3 368 0.8 952

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 (Z) 10 (Z) (S) (S) 50

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 0.3 320 0.3 368 0.8 977

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,086 0.4 117 0.1 212 0.4 1,799

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,405 1.6 1,802 1.8 (S) (S) 1,021

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203 0.4 106 0.1 89 0.2 1,029

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,185 0.4 453 0.5 690 1.4 (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,972 0.7 1,222 1.2 (S) (S) 1,621

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,134

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,684 1.0 906 0.9 245 0.5 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 19 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 06, Milled Grain Products and Preparations and Bakery Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 100.0 120,023 100.0 50,732 100.0 403

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,016 93.6 112,296 93.6 44,445 87.6 104

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,757 90.7 102,359 85.3 35,356 69.7 103

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,506 48.6 58,299 48.6 28,495 56.2 497

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,252 42.1 44,059 36.7 6,861 13.5 63

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,987 2.8 9,335 7.8 9,007 17.8 1,065

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 0.1 (S) (S) 4 (Z) 15

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,504

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (Z) 134 0.1 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,946 4.9 5,064 4.2 5,541 10.9 1,151

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510 2.5 252 0.2 281 0.6 1,151

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 2.2 4,462 3.7 4,863 9.6 1,359

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 0.2 267 0.2 376 0.7 949

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) 5 (Z) 13 (Z) 2,711

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (Z) 77 0.1 9 (Z) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176 1.5 2,662 2.2 746 1.5 (S)

SCTG 07, Other Prepared Foodstuffs and Fats and Oils

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,757 100.0 468,435 100.0 171,452 100.0 268

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458,575 95.6 450,292 96.1 154,433 90.1 100

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444,950 92.7 421,065 89.9 123,475 72.0 95

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238,928 49.8 208,164 44.4 103,778 60.5 518

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,022 42.9 212,901 45.4 19,697 11.5 47

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,203 2.5 26,597 5.7 30,190 17.6 1,092

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 0.2 2,461 0.5 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 0.1 2,380 0.5 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 (Z) 82 (Z) 148 0.1 (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543 0.1 46 (Z) 81 (Z) 1,706

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,044 3.1 11,730 2.5 15,085 8.8 1,132

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,171 1.3 408 0.1 324 0.2 1,129

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,376 1.5 10,053 2.1 12,484 7.3 1,452

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,433 0.3 1,232 0.3 2,115 1.2 1,716

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 6,136

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 (Z) 25 (Z) 81 (Z) 3,254

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,137 1.3 6,413 1.4 1,935 1.1 114

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
20 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 08, Alcoholic Beverages

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 100.0 114,012 100.0 36,685 100.0 80

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,817 95.3 109,559 96.1 29,518 80.5 51

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,662 91.4 101,686 89.2 19,711 53.7 49

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,589 27.5 36,245 31.8 15,692 42.8 338

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,073 63.8 65,441 57.4 4,019 11.0 34

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,003 3.2 6,856 6.0 8,651 23.6 1,015

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,004

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,374

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,405 4.0 3,876 3.4 6,829 18.6 1,212

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 0.4 55 (Z) 49 0.1 1,190

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,463 3.5 3,637 3.2 6,110 16.7 1,615

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 0.2 174 0.2 653 1.8 1,888

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,101 0.7 577 0.5 339 0.9 (S)

SCTG 09, Tobacco Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 100.0 3,289 100.0 390 100.0 407

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,078 96.5 3,239 98.5 356 91.4 104

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,967 96.3 3,237 98.4 354 90.9 103

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,522 22.0 903 27.5 265 68.1 618

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,445 74.3 2,334 71.0 89 22.8 61

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,173

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,280 3.2 44 1.3 33 8.4 771

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260 3.2 43 1.3 31 8.1 771

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 0.3 6 0.2 1 0.1 75

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 21 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 10, Monumental or Building Stone

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 100.0 28,738 100.0 3,113 100.0 123

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,963 95.4 27,579 96.0 2,965 95.3 104

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,956 95.3 27,528 95.8 2,942 94.5 104

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,804 34.7 13,441 46.8 2,175 69.9 203

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,151 60.6 14,086 49.0 768 24.7 54

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 351

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 0.9 64 0.2 72 2.3 493

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 0.5 2 (Z) (S) (S) 463

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0.2 55 0.2 66 2.1 1,488

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,094 3.8 (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 11, Natural Sands

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 100.0 460,085 100.0 41,125 100.0 56

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,046 90.7 426,952 92.8 27,585 67.1 49

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,530 83.0 408,080 88.7 18,769 45.6 44

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,542 38.1 161,393 35.1 10,999 26.7 70

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,988 44.8 246,688 53.6 7,770 18.9 29

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 7.4 15,155 3.3 8,602 20.9 533

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 0.3 3,674 0.8 181 0.4 61

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 0.2 3,661 0.8 178 0.4 32

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,370

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 7.2 18,013 3.9 11,345 27.6 714

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0.2 2 (Z) 1 (Z) 536

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 6.3 11,509 2.5 (S) (S) 829

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 0.4 4,747 1.0 910 2.2 143

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 2.1 15,121 3.3 (S) (S) 71

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
22 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 12, Gravel and Crushed Stone

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 100.0 2,039,457 100.0 147,770 100.0 37

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,160 95.2 1,934,518 94.9 119,519 80.9 36

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,079 90.1 1,806,924 88.6 80,604 54.5 34

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,495 44.9 840,050 41.2 51,587 34.9 43

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,584 45.3 966,874 47.4 29,017 19.6 27

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849 4.0 81,795 4.0 23,411 15.8 264

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 1.1 45,798 2.2 15,504 10.5 239

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 0.8 32,159 1.6 10,752 7.3 310

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 0.3 13,217 0.6 4,690 3.2 321

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) 422 (Z) 62 (Z) 146

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 3.1 73,556 3.6 26,888 18.2 251

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 1.8 32,402 1.6 8,680 5.9 244

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 0.9 31,282 1.5 15,382 10.4 221

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,825 1.9 440

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 1.7 31,384 1.5 1,362 0.9 48

SCTG 13, Nonmetallic Minerals, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 100.0 272,264 100.0 52,096 100.0 223

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,165 90.7 255,008 93.7 44,082 84.6 128

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,241 79.2 201,385 74.0 24,251 46.6 117

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,370 50.0 95,355 35.0 18,984 36.4 229

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,871 29.1 106,030 38.9 5,267 10.1 46

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571 9.4 30,637 11.3 14,063 27.0 711

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 1.6 16,047 5.9 5,602 10.8 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 1.5 14,503 5.3 5,246 10.1 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,535 0.6 (S) (S) 222

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,368

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 733

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 0.5 6,784 2.5 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,337 8.0 12,025 4.4 7,558 14.5 1,175

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 2.1 12 (Z) 12 (Z) 1,202

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 2.9 8,629 3.2 5,712 11.0 849

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 650 1.2 1,220

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,803

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 0.3 2,610 1.0 1,032 2.0 1,432

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 1.3 (S) (S) 456 0.9 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 23 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 14, Metallic Ores and Concentrates

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 100.0 76,672 100.0 39,319 100.0 504

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,806 84.5 52,761 68.8 18,669 47.5 305

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,287 64.7 6,372 8.3 1,830 4.7 300

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,839 54.2 4,736 6.2 1,572 4.0 547

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,448 10.5 1,635 2.1 259 0.7 61

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,230 15.9 44,861 58.5 11,349 28.9 448

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264 3.8 (S) (S) 5,489 14.0 1,806

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264 3.8 (S) (S) 5,489 14.0 1,806

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,631 11.0 23,831 31.1 20,541 52.2 851

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 1.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) 846

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,147 6.5 5,283 6.9 1,089 2.8 1,070

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 2.3 15,915 20.8 17,226 43.8 1,102

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 15, Coal

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 100.0 1,416,187 100.0 835,796 100.0 106

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,787 91.0 1,276,735 90.2 793,840 95.0 74

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,179 18.8 217,602 15.4 14,002 1.7 61

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,615 14.7 154,215 10.9 11,475 1.4 63

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,564 4.1 63,387 4.5 2,527 0.3 48

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,907 67.8 1,015,209 71.7 773,290 92.5 428

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,701 4.4 43,925 3.1 6,548 0.8 145

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,701 4.4 43,925 3.1 6,548 0.8 145

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,832 4.8 52,352 3.7 39,389 4.7 340

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 0.4 4,024 0.3 785 0.1 (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 1.9 19,612 1.4 7,257 0.9 371

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 1.9 24,171 1.7 26,994 3.2 (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 0.5 4,544 0.3 4,353 0.5 901

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609 4.2 87,100 6.2 (S) (S) 71

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
24 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 17, Gasoline and Aviation Turbine Fuel

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 100.0 959,161 100.0 68,647 100.0 43

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646,529 97.5 931,216 97.1 58,139 84.7 42

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395,296 59.6 546,768 57.0 24,326 35.4 41

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,898 26.2 243,825 25.4 11,866 17.3 51

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,398 33.4 302,943 31.6 12,460 18.2 35

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,545 0.7 6,661 0.7 (S) (S) 231

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,280 2.6 28,669 3.0 6,673 9.7 606

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,450 1.9 20,065 2.1 1,396 2.0 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,830 0.7 8,604 0.9 5,277 7.7 785

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 423

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,253 34.6 348,972 36.4 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,666 2.4 26,646 2.8 10,414 15.2 216

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 0.1 510 0.1 163 0.2 210

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,687 1.0 10,382 1.1 5,407 7.9 (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,537 1.3 15,582 1.6 4,645 6.8 (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 0.2 1,299 0.1 94 0.1 52

SCTG 18, Fuel Oils

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 100.0 641,894 100.0 54,243 100.0 32

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347,270 93.0 593,893 92.5 43,410 80.0 30

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,251 55.5 335,808 52.3 20,313 37.4 27

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,392 19.1 117,422 18.3 9,583 17.7 72

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,859 36.4 218,386 34.0 10,730 19.8 23

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,466 0.7 4,198 0.7 1,674 3.1 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,795 9.6 76,268 11.9 11,207 20.7 352

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,106 8.3 66,106 10.3 3,306 6.1 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,151 1.1 8,945 1.4 7,015 12.9 890

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 484

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,553 27.2 177,436 27.6 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,890 6.4 44,349 6.9 10,480 19.3 314

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 860

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,080 4.0 25,265 3.9 5,948 11.0 235

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 (Z) 48 (Z) 12 (Z) 323

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,756 2.1 17,622 2.7 3,096 5.7 163

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,355 0.6 3,652 0.6 352 0.6 100

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 25 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 19, Coal and Petroleum Products, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 100.0 578,188 100.0 127,190 100.0 111

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242,716 90.5 523,577 90.6 110,526 86.9 66

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,397 56.1 340,058 58.8 33,932 26.7 61

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,619 21.5 181,197 31.3 22,924 18.0 213

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,778 34.6 158,861 27.5 11,008 8.7 39

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,382 13.9 73,638 12.7 52,611 41.4 731

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,954 5.2 45,209 7.8 18,628 14.6 466

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,354 4.2 41,307 7.1 (S) (S) 141

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 3,902 0.7 (S) (S) 1,138

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 919

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,949 15.3 64,669 11.2 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,384 8.0 36,220 6.3 16,008 12.6 550

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,847 0.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) 547

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,783 1.4 4,612 0.8 3,310 2.6 745

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,709

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,687 2.1 12,209 2.1 7,191 5.7 923

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,588 3.6 18,526 3.2 4,964 3.9 205

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,062 1.5 18,391 3.2 656 0.5 45

SCTG 20, Basic Chemicals

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 100.0 412,581 100.0 171,156 100.0 428

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,267 88.9 379,285 91.9 153,979 90.0 157

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,642 51.1 199,121 48.3 50,120 29.3 129

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,844 33.5 78,022 18.9 37,487 21.9 524

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,798 17.6 121,099 29.4 12,633 7.4 46

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,469 22.3 104,664 25.4 88,222 51.5 842

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,433 5.7 31,067 7.5 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,545 3.9 22,869 5.5 5,887 3.4 209

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 8,198 2.0 (S) (S) 1,255

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 0.5 67 (Z) (S) (S) 761

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,418 9.4 44,366 10.8 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,932 10.3 30,720 7.4 16,081 9.4 912

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,345 2.3 209 0.1 168 0.1 911

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 1.0 3,978 1.0 3,416 2.0 853

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928 0.7 (S) (S) 622 0.4 2,365

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,671 1.7 5,352 1.3 3,315 1.9 1,859

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,202 4.5 19,714 4.8 8,561 5.0 710

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,271 0.8 2,577 0.6 1,095 0.6 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
26 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 100.0 19,076 100.0 8,134 100.0 635

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519,532 67.4 14,899 78.1 6,123 75.3 203

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501,445 65.0 14,761 77.4 5,922 72.8 152

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418,942 54.3 7,272 38.1 5,071 62.3 285

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,503 10.7 7,489 39.3 851 10.5 75

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1 (Z) 1 (Z) 1,084

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,060 2.3 136 0.7 201 2.5 1,156

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,816 31.4 2,015 10.6 1,199 14.7 794

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,974 31.2 1,853 9.7 919 11.3 795

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 0.1 152 0.8 263 3.2 (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 8 (Z) 14 0.2 (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,904 1.3 2,162 11.3 (S) (S) 477

SCTG 22, Fertilizers

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 100.0 149,600 100.0 58,970 100.0 171

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,296 90.1 132,253 88.4 45,108 76.5 149

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,906 68.6 96,852 64.7 19,522 33.1 127

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,173 34.8 51,546 34.5 16,068 27.2 277

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,733 33.8 45,306 30.3 3,453 5.9 51

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,471 17.1 28,771 19.2 21,433 36.3 758

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 1.6 2,542 1.7 1,878 3.2 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 1.6 2,540 1.7 1,877 3.2 696

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) 2 (Z) (Z) (Z) 153

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,283

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,224 2.8 4,087 2.7 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,978 9.1 16,283 10.9 13,737 23.3 1,107

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (Z) 2 (Z) 1 (Z) 1,250

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,943 6.7 11,218 7.5 9,569 16.2 874

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 1.3 3,123 2.1 2,945 5.0 2,159

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 1.1 1,940 1.3 1,221 2.1 842

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 0.8 1,065 0.7 (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 27 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 23, Chemical Products and Preparations, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,750 100.0 123,537 100.0 58,477 100.0 638

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288,456 87.0 115,274 93.3 50,471 86.3 323

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278,678 84.0 108,158 87.6 44,819 76.6 311

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,208 66.1 79,310 64.2 40,929 70.0 574

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,471 17.9 28,847 23.4 3,890 6.7 62

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,389 2.2 6,321 5.1 5,184 8.9 886

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 (Z) 21 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696 0.5 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,409

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 (Z) 343 0.3 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,593 11.6 6,457 5.2 7,272 12.4 896

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,713 9.3 1,424 1.2 890 1.5 893

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,513 1.7 3,660 3.0 5,130 8.8 1,396

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 0.4 232 0.2 603 1.0 2,301

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 3,975

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,700 1.4 1,806 1.5 733 1.3 99

SCTG 24, Plastics and Rubber

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 100.0 186,392 100.0 104,622 100.0 550

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425,849 87.0 167,811 90.0 86,803 83.0 262

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377,889 77.2 129,534 69.5 60,533 57.9 250

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256,864 52.5 90,494 48.6 54,726 52.3 634

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,025 24.7 39,040 20.9 5,807 5.6 60

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,425 9.3 38,065 20.4 26,075 24.9 715

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 11 (Z) 960

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 9 (Z) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) 2 (Z) (S) (S) 1,440

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397 0.5 135 0.1 183 0.2 1,251

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,281 11.5 14,570 7.8 16,232 15.5 888

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,823 7.9 2,074 1.1 1,455 1.4 887

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,666 3.2 11,741 6.3 13,242 12.7 1,399

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552 0.3 555 0.3 991 0.9 1,618

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (Z) 15 (Z) 73 0.1 4,491

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 (Z) 184 0.1 (S) (S) 3,062

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,304 1.5 4,010 2.2 1,588 1.5 100

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
28 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 25, Logs and Other Wood in the Rough

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 100.0 107,869 100.0 11,164 100.0 110

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,592 93.0 105,876 98.2 9,638 86.3 97

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,969 84.2 102,495 95.0 7,881 70.6 90

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,828 54.0 53,023 49.2 4,801 43.0 127

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,141 30.2 49,472 45.9 3,080 27.6 62

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 8.8 3,381 3.1 1,757 15.7 571

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 6.2 1,836 1.7 1,502 13.5 1,003

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (Z) (Z) (S)

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 5.5 1,705 1.6 1,195 10.7 835

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 0.6 125 0.1 (S) (S) 2,553

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 0.7 157 0.1 24 0.2 (S)

SCTG 26, Wood Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 100.0 323,773 100.0 100,787 100.0 328

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,476 94.9 308,887 95.4 84,814 84.2 198

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,913 91.9 292,597 90.4 64,616 64.1 161

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,303 41.0 146,835 45.4 50,476 50.1 468

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,610 50.9 145,761 45.0 14,141 14.0 73

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,338 2.9 14,843 4.6 19,998 19.8 1,236

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 107

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 0.1 29 (Z) 58 0.1 3,218

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,203 3.4 10,273 3.2 14,648 14.5 996

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,432 1.3 218 0.1 200 0.2 987

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,263 1.8 8,014 2.5 12,539 12.4 1,331

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 0.3 (S) (S) 1,846 1.8 1,678

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (Z) 7 (Z) 25 (Z) 3,511

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (Z) 14 (Z) (S) (S) 3,115

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,189 1.7 4,613 1.4 1,325 1.3 71

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 29 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 27, Pulp, Newsprint, Paper, and Paperboard

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,857 100.0 145,380 100.0 82,098 100.0 297

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,491 90.3 130,935 90.1 67,117 81.8 182

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,206 77.4 102,787 70.7 43,377 52.8 166

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,236 54.6 78,770 54.2 40,520 49.4 433

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,970 22.8 24,017 16.5 2,857 3.5 56

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,134 12.7 28,000 19.3 23,636 28.8 837

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 0.1 140 0.1 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 0.1 122 0.1 (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 (Z) 9 (Z) 11 (Z) 2,828

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,193 8.8 13,463 9.3 14,474 17.6 731

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,742 1.4 244 0.2 97 0.1 721

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,924 7.0 12,493 8.6 13,873 16.9 998

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 0.3 379 0.3 355 0.4 1,047

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (Z) (S) (S) 29 (Z) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 0.1 (S) (S) 120 0.1 1,512

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 0.9 981 0.7 507 0.6 103

SCTG 28, Paper or Paperboard Articles

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 100.0 82,233 100.0 28,977 100.0 512

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,924 92.3 79,199 96.3 26,158 90.3 150

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,730 91.2 77,319 94.0 24,530 84.7 148

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,745 58.2 46,693 56.8 21,267 73.4 402

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,986 33.0 30,626 37.2 3,263 11.3 51

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 0.6 1,475 1.8 1,512 5.2 1,149

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 0.3 395 0.5 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 0.3 356 0.4 24 0.1 68

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 0.1 10 (Z) 11 (Z) 868

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,791 6.6 2,205 2.7 2,452 8.5 1,003

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,830 4.9 655 0.8 456 1.6 1,002

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739 1.5 1,423 1.7 1,797 6.2 1,539

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 0.2 125 0.2 194 0.7 1,879

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,355 1.1 829 1.0 367 1.3 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
30 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 29, Printed Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 100.0 51,435 100.0 22,363 100.0 579

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,218 65.2 45,987 89.4 18,329 82.0 115

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,579 64.4 45,474 88.4 17,524 78.4 99

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,299 42.7 30,444 59.2 16,130 72.1 259

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,279 21.7 15,030 29.2 1,395 6.2 25

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 0.2 424 0.8 681 3.0 1,037

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291 0.7 86 0.2 111 0.5 1,375

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,122 31.1 3,042 5.9 2,669 11.9 837

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,286 30.6 2,767 5.4 2,143 9.6 837

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 0.3 252 0.5 436 1.9 858

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 0.1 20 (Z) (S) (S) 4,273

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,049 3.7 2,405 4.7 (S) (S) 376

SCTG 30, Textiles, Leather, and Articles of Textiles or Leather

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 100.0 46,728 100.0 30,643 100.0 1,101

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339,048 71.6 41,084 87.9 25,510 83.2 889

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,798 69.2 40,089 85.8 23,369 76.3 845

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,202 51.6 24,088 51.5 21,299 69.5 1,169

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,597 17.7 16,001 34.2 2,070 6.8 198

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,001

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 15

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 3 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,943 0.8 111 0.2 210 0.7 1,449

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,326 25.4 4,114 8.8 4,529 14.8 1,154

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,240 24.5 3,432 7.3 3,399 11.1 1,154

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,428 0.5 425 0.9 728 2.4 1,156

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621 0.3 230 0.5 395 1.3 1,872

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 7 (Z) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,237 3.0 1,530 3.3 605 2.0 275

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 31 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 31, Nonmetallic Mineral Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 100.0 1,156,790 100.0 115,289 100.0 447

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179,892 91.3 1,122,305 97.0 103,040 89.4 130

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,881 88.8 1,093,616 94.5 88,593 76.8 126

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,099 41.7 283,433 24.5 60,265 52.3 467

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,783 47.1 810,182 70.0 28,328 24.6 45

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,599 1.3 22,280 1.9 10,947 9.5 414

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 0.3 6,218 0.5 3,363 2.9 1,455

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 0.2 4,464 0.4 2,432 2.1 526

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 0.1 1,393 0.1 474 0.4 361

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 0.1 362 (Z) 457 0.4 1,665

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777 0.9 (S) (S) 136 0.1 1,373

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,701 6.4 18,173 1.6 11,009 9.5 1,201

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,702 4.9 526 (Z) 555 0.5 1,203

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043 1.0 13,075 1.1 8,078 7.0 657

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,422 0.1 1,041 0.9 2,107

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 0.2 3,116 0.3 1,275 1.1 1,549

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,400 2.2 16,312 1.4 1,239 1.1 97

SCTG 32, Base Metal in Primary or Semifinished Forms and in Finished Basic

 Shapes

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 100.0 364,940 100.0 129,224 100.0 360

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446,430 91.4 336,814 92.3 107,175 82.9 191

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397,822 81.5 286,333 78.5 76,479 59.2 180

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267,564 54.8 188,594 51.7 65,804 50.9 449

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,259 26.7 97,739 26.8 10,674 8.3 65

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,499 9.3 47,693 13.1 28,617 22.1 562

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592 0.3 2,638 0.7 1,971 1.5 833

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574 0.3 2,622 0.7 1,933 1.5 735

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,166

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,200

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,609 7.1 23,584 6.5 20,932 16.2 880

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,744 3.0 623 0.2 361 0.3 880

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,457 3.4 17,744 4.9 14,045 10.9 686

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,896 0.6 4,495 1.2 (S) (S) 1,666

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 0.1 713 0.2 689 0.5 1,026

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,370 1.5 4,542 1.2 1,117 0.9 100

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
32 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 33, Articles of Base Metal

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292 100.0 131,924 100.0 52,343 100.0 561

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,610 82.8 124,656 94.5 46,072 88.0 278

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314,316 80.9 118,805 90.1 41,434 79.2 264

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,315 52.9 74,132 56.2 36,012 68.8 673

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,002 28.1 44,673 33.9 5,423 10.4 54

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,704 1.2 5,698 4.3 4,451 8.5 627

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,318

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 49 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,350

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,408 0.6 82 0.1 135 0.3 1,267

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,442 14.8 5,187 3.9 5,679 10.8 851

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,888 13.6 1,728 1.3 1,251 2.4 850

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,048 0.8 2,328 1.8 3,402 6.5 871

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286 0.3 1,073 0.8 867 1.7 2,215

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 704

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,240 2.4 2,080 1.6 592 1.1 65

SCTG 34, Machinery

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 100.0 66,728 100.0 36,760 100.0 498

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495,138 78.8 60,465 90.6 31,629 86.0 281

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474,659 75.6 59,517 89.2 30,785 83.7 250

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333,903 53.1 39,245 58.8 27,656 75.2 612

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,757 22.4 20,273 30.4 3,130 8.5 58

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,619 0.9 711 1.1 538 1.5 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,287

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 (Z) 2 (Z) 1 (Z) 1,377

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,617 2.3 223 0.3 303 0.8 1,224

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,986 18.1 3,971 6.0 4,353 11.8 737

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,390 15.5 1,867 2.8 1,306 3.6 735

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,722 2.0 1,792 2.7 2,284 6.2 1,020

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,682 0.6 299 0.4 723 2.0 3,058

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 10 (Z) (S) (S) 3,545

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,142 3.0 2,292 3.4 778 2.1 69

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 33 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 35, Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and Components and Office

 Equipment

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 100.0 47,528 100.0 31,645 100.0 815

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624,157 59.6 39,144 82.4 24,849 78.5 395

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528,267 50.5 37,905 79.8 22,843 72.2 308

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386,433 36.9 25,818 54.3 21,499 67.9 903

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,833 13.6 12,087 25.4 1,343 4.2 42

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 726 1.5 1,373 4.3 803

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 10 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 341

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,321 8.5 503 1.1 626 2.0 1,343

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389,383 37.2 4,736 10.0 5,573 17.6 1,069

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382,922 36.6 4,137 8.7 4,120 13.0 1,069

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 0.4 376 0.8 657 2.1 1,618

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176 0.2 222 0.5 794 2.5 1,131

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z) (Z) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,954 3.1 3,648 7.7 1,223 3.9 62

SCTG 36, Motorized and Other Vehicles (Including Parts)

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,288 100.0 133,126 100.0 64,776 100.0 489

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726,783 80.1 113,537 85.3 51,315 79.2 320

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651,671 71.8 106,344 79.9 43,283 66.8 290

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452,350 49.9 69,434 52.2 37,479 57.9 741

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,321 22.0 36,910 27.7 5,804 9.0 51

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,135 7.6 6,969 5.2 7,762 12.0 1,189

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,333

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 52

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,364

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,867 0.6 211 0.2 240 0.4 1,170

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,153 10.2 8,264 6.2 9,696 15.0 863

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,269 4.5 1,831 1.4 1,393 2.2 858

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,804 5.4 6,145 4.6 7,699 11.9 1,301

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,615 0.2 225 0.2 387 0.6 2,681

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 (Z) 10 (Z) 66 0.1 8,012

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 (Z) (S) (S) 151 0.2 3,387

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,352 9.7 11,325 8.5 3,765 5.8 93

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
34 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 37, Transportation Equipment, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 100.0 6,815 100.0 4,471 100.0 908

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,565 69.3 6,206 91.1 3,892 87.1 628

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,445 34.2 4,658 68.4 2,484 55.5 402

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,275 25.5 3,813 56.0 2,322 51.9 906

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,170 8.7 845 12.4 161 3.6 77

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 0.8 1,018 14.9 868 19.4 848

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,129 1.8 392 5.7 384 8.6 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 1.5 390 5.7 383 8.6 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 669

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,567 32.5 138 2.0 158 3.5 1,309

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,848 29.2 472 6.9 476 10.7 1,046

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,707 27.4 125 1.8 120 2.7 1,048

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 311 4.6 298 6.7 844

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 0.3 35 0.5 (S) (S) 1,898

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (Z) 2 (Z) (S) (S) 1,315

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,470 1.4 137 2.0 102 2.3 633

SCTG 38, Precision Instruments and Apparatus

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 100.0 5,668 100.0 3,513 100.0 1,008

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,769 46.2 3,904 68.9 2,048 58.3 675

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,971 35.4 3,740 66.0 1,800 51.2 397

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,621 24.5 2,238 39.5 1,603 45.6 733

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,350 10.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) 60

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,797 10.8 164 2.9 248 7.1 1,180

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,483 52.0 1,291 22.8 1,189 33.8 1,062

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,222 51.6 1,255 22.2 1,118 31.8 1,062

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 0.1 6 0.1 7 0.2 1,530

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036 0.3 30 0.5 63 1.8 1,938

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,369 1.8 (S) (S) (S) (S) 432

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 35 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 39, Furniture, Mattresses and Mattress Supports, Lamps. Lighting Fittings,

 and Illuminated Signs

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,286 100.0 26,633 100.0 15,024 100.0 766

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,980 89.3 24,759 93.0 12,833 85.4 447

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,437 88.9 24,678 92.7 12,663 84.3 442

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,217 54.6 15,011 56.4 11,151 74.2 727

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,220 34.3 9,668 36.3 1,512 10.1 111

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 0.2 71 0.3 156 1.0 1,325

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 226

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 226

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 0.2 9 (Z) 14 0.1 1,435

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,537 8.9 1,157 4.3 1,416 9.4 1,085

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,473 7.5 922 3.5 980 6.5 1,091

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885 1.2 184 0.7 265 1.8 (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 0.1 51 0.2 166 1.1 2,985

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,769 1.8 717 2.7 (S) (S) 133

SCTG 40, Miscellaneous Manufactured Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 100.0 91,844 100.0 41,995 100.0 1,012

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295,796 60.3 83,913 91.4 34,453 82.0 701

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282,021 57.5 80,402 87.5 33,305 79.3 625

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,996 40.8 49,844 54.3 29,707 70.7 1,002

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,026 16.7 30,558 33.3 3,598 8.6 76

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 0.1 557 0.6 591 1.4 1,124

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,074 2.7 253 0.3 406 1.0 1,432

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 (Z) 2,698 2.9 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,867 37.3 5,471 6.0 6,116 14.6 1,071

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179,058 36.5 4,355 4.7 4,360 10.4 1,071

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297 0.5 716 0.8 1,161 2.8 1,158

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 0.3 (S) (S) 566 1.3 1,342

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (Z) 7 (Z) 21 (Z) 2,703

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,642 2.4 2,460 2.7 1,426 3.4 196

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
36 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

SCTG 41, Waste and Scrap

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 100.0 305,878 100.0 67,023 100.0 152

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,283 90.3 283,682 92.7 46,923 70.0 134

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,927 78.9 248,961 81.4 33,791 50.4 125

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,149 47.6 99,666 32.6 25,089 37.4 254

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,778 31.3 149,295 48.8 8,702 13.0 51

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,236 10.0 31,124 10.2 11,278 16.8 366

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,110 1.3 3,596 1.2 1,854 2.8 1,168

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 1.1 3,492 1.1 1,709 2.5 512

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,540

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 229

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,751 8.2 18,106 5.9 19,604 29.3 1,107

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 721

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,010 4.9 12,044 3.9 9,415 14.0 986

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,342 2.8 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,568

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 0.4 (S) (S) 400 0.6 1,820

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,209 1.5 4,089 1.3 (S) (S) 142

SCTG 43, Mixed Freight

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 100.0 300,922 100.0 56,137 100.0 369

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870,498 93.4 293,901 97.7 51,272 91.3 165

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866,591 92.9 292,751 97.3 49,838 88.8 160

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,133 27.3 74,386 24.7 25,550 45.5 610

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612,458 65.7 218,365 72.6 24,288 43.3 86

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860 0.2 971 0.3 1,160 2.1 1,182

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 (Z) 81 (Z) (S) (S) 728

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (Z) 7 (Z) (Z) (Z) 15

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 74 (Z) (S) (S) 1,091

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723 0.2 97 (Z) 133 0.2 1,266

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,509 5.5 4,091 1.4 4,271 7.6 760

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,205 4.8 2,253 0.7 1,505 2.7 758

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,808 0.5 1,457 0.5 1,919 3.4 1,231

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115 0.1 281 0.1 601 1.1 1,802

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 (Z) 58 (Z) 132 0.2 1,972

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 (Z) 42 (Z) 114 0.2 2,789

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,347 1.1 2,930 1.0 594 1.1 72

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 37 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment

2007

(million dollars) Percent

2007

(thousands) Percent

2007

(millions) Percent

Commodity Unknown

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 100.0 (S) 100.0 145 100.0 485

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,045 71.9 540 92.6 118 81.3 91

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 66.6 457 78.5 108 74.1 73

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 21.7 167 28.6 87 60.2 (S)

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 44.9 291 49.9 20 13.9 48

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 128

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,079

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 21.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,065

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 21.6 8 1.4 7 4.6 1,065

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –– – – – – –

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – ––– –

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 18 3.1 (S) (S) (S)

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

4 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 7.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
38 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 Total3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 12,543,425 3,344,658

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851,545 6,948,743 156,161

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074,137 1,255,189 122,646

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777,031 1,585,315 374,666

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606,034 1,064,455 529,308

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019,498 618,981 533,163

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,623 517,669 616,594

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730,366 397,272 624,921

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,992 95,511 207,175

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,646 60,290 180,023

 SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 6,150 3,973

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,572 967 36

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 774 78

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,819 1,247 284

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924 610 320

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050 649 504

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,323 684 772

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

 SCTG 02, Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 514,151 203,446

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,983 253,003 6,449

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,746 42,942 4,089

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,181 43,194 11,471

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,001 52,847 30,781

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,676 49,101 43,344

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,605 35,224 45,225

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,795 34,756 59,100

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 68 180

 SCTG 03, Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 211,890 88,207

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,382 94,712 2,726

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,389 27,284 2,561

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,287 25,038 5,826

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,356 21,673 11,942

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,211 11,350 10,417

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,344 11,722 14,361

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,974 11,460 18,574

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,448 4,244 9,215

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,245 4,407 12,585

 SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,472 246,436 76,188

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,918 110,152 3,410

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,629 33,869 3,360

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,724 42,745 9,371

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,970 24,030 12,264

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,846 16,401 14,577

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,114 6,099 7,033

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,304 8,451 14,032

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,673 2,538 5,441

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 39 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,251 98,413 48,549

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,241 27,679 752

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,642 10,996 1,058

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,821 17,870 3,940

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,511 15,623 7,284

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,977 9,902 7,683

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,644 5,994 6,461

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,911 6,682 10,430

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,743 2,084 4,351

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761 1,581 (S)

 SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 120,023 50,732

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,926 37,209 964

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,282 13,951 1,368

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,435 22,194 4,641

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,082 17,327 8,000

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,784 12,272 9,675

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,521 7,810 8,636

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,654 5,104 7,712

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,757 2,955 6,378

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697 1,201 3,358

 SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,757 468,435 171,452

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,055 185,255 5,056

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,529 58,382 5,585

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,000 82,103 17,406

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,885 58,011 26,337

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,917 29,262 22,858

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,916 18,759 20,497

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,977 19,004 29,873

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,793 9,839 21,718

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,684 7,820 22,122

 SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 114,012 36,685

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,147 59,493 1,318

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,132 9,268 868

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,722 15,549 3,409

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,052 12,144 5,526

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,802 4,861 3,848

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,751 5,100 6,094

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,827 4,321 6,934

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,929 1,542 3,336

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,960 1,735 5,354

 SCTG 09, Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 3,289 390

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,665 2,574 41

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,817 177 18

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 191 41

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,547 153 67

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,319 87 67

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639 50 54

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316 37 52

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 7 16

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 12 35

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
40 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 28,738 3,113

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,650 22,044 560

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 2,565 253

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 1,877 428

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 952 436

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 700 538

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 211 236

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 283 404

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 45 93

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 62 165

 SCTG 11, Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 460,085 41,125

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,008 370,514 7,876

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 34,994 3,197

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 30,941 7,381

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 6,959 3,171

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 6,405 5,666

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 7,843 9,273

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 1,511 2,319

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 (S) (S)

 SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 2,039,457 147,770

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,718 1,637,555 32,906

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606 154,990 15,832

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,527 139,958 32,781

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 83,430 40,696

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 16,293 14,705

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 4,022 4,723

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 1,452 2,386

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1,517 3,127

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 239 613

 SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 272,264 52,096

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,666 173,702 3,397

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,379 20,599 2,021

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,398 35,045 7,801

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 19,218 9,532

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,299 9,683 8,626

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 7,203 8,737

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 4,878 7,576

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 499 1,455

 SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 76,672 39,319

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 18,378 1,280

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,994 24,420 2,474

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,853 4,816 1,138

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,361 (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,061 12,637 10,746

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576 (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,788 (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 429 1,070

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107 653 4,869

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 41 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 15, Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 1,416,187 835,796

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,182 371,234 11,258

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608 105,468 11,889

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,815 242,799 80,113

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,138 194,647 107,867

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,300 143,510 139,213

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,567 216,535 265,620

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,612 141,942 219,700

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

 SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 959,161 68,647

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501,001 716,263 13,644

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,614 108,177 9,475

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,289 80,631 14,867

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,677 34,055 13,812

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,236 12,695 8,783

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,280 5,528 5,211

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 100 227

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) 1

 SCTG 18, Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 641,894 54,243

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,262 479,935 9,711

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,723 60,308 5,758

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,510 66,205 12,641

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,346 19,713 8,612

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,135 8,109 6,463

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,390 3,417 3,634

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046 (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 37 71

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

 SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 578,188 127,190

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,913 359,929 6,932

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,662 56,182 5,054

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,295 63,244 14,428

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,597 37,159 17,515

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,153 22,639 21,163

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,700 20,154 25,557

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,403 14,461 24,740

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 3,606 9,350

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 814 2,451

 SCTG 20, Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 412,581 171,156

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,549 144,034 3,666

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,620 52,830 5,713

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,511 78,328 17,138

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,900 48,108 23,934

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,780 28,154 25,098

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,369 27,481 32,847

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,334 25,171 42,372

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,071 6,340 14,392

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,338 2,136 5,997

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
42 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 19,076 8,134

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,809 5,711 115

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,201 2,607 243

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,236 3,719 738

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,390 2,427 1,140

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,144 2,145 1,656

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,041 718 773

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,685 793 1,166

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,346 436 906

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,401 520 1,397

 SCTG 22, Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 149,600 58,970

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,975 55,698 1,620

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,705 17,770 1,763

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,900 19,778 4,580

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,004 18,702 9,845

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,980 18,816 16,033

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,186 11,830 13,439

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,583 6,061 9,255

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 471 1,013

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

 SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,750 123,537 58,477

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,696 38,436 1,004

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,884 9,703 952

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,320 20,628 4,630

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,668 21,304 9,904

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,371 14,041 10,719

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,458 7,978 8,480

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,395 5,552 8,508

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,390 3,574 7,719

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,567 2,320 6,562

 SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 186,392 104,622

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,255 49,200 1,236

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,255 16,950 1,615

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,006 27,534 6,202

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,815 31,591 15,237

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,043 20,262 16,157

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,181 17,068 19,326

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,442 14,777 23,094

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,883 6,027 13,504

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,554 2,982 8,252

 SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 107,869 11,164

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 73,252 2,380

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005 20,616 1,827

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,340 7,458 1,451

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 3,958 1,783

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 859 (S)

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 150 370

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 43 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 26, Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 323,773 100,787

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,713 131,469 4,560

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,803 55,412 5,572

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,603 63,449 13,692

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,585 32,060 15,095

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,814 14,379 11,884

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,188 9,035 10,445

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,615 7,151 11,735

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,587 6,466 14,999

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,960 4,353 12,806

 SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,857 145,380 82,098

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,548 29,043 662

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,842 11,730 1,170

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,226 25,702 6,178

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,552 29,527 14,775

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,695 21,841 17,858

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,283 13,695 15,386

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,441 8,640 13,465

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,707 3,800 8,575

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565 1,403 4,028

 SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 82,233 28,977

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,247 30,851 809

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,937 10,607 986

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,538 15,398 3,271

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,547 10,663 5,018

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,419 5,540 4,378

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,629 4,363 4,614

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,821 1,868 2,758

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,977 1,631 3,538

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,954 1,312 3,605

 SCTG 29, Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 51,435 22,363

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,621 17,719 390

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,859 4,894 497

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,944 8,503 1,902

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,711 7,790 3,681

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,669 4,805 3,665

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,331 2,723 2,902

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,339 2,585 3,657

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,986 1,669 3,625

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,930 746 2,044

 SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 46,728 30,643

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,964 13,264 294

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,344 3,755 371

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,175 6,631 1,442

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,554 6,712 3,141

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,386 5,026 3,865

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,466 2,413 2,539

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,491 2,959 4,467

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,360 2,716 5,724

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,870 3,252 8,801

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
44 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 1,156,790 115,289

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,923 859,331 16,139

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,979 96,833 9,264

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,226 116,148 24,712

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,596 46,730 21,487

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,002 19,625 15,951

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,741 6,803 7,674

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,641 7,278 10,602

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,329 2,616 5,472

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,557 1,426 3,987

 SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 364,940 129,224

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,205 114,408 2,890

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,346 36,836 3,567

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,474 86,778 19,487

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,323 67,425 32,589

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,306 28,968 23,155

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,126 13,426 15,474

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,963 10,025 15,407

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,779 5,377 11,998

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,889 1,697 4,656

 SCTG 33, Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292 131,924 52,343

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,154 42,927 1,142

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,304 15,373 1,479

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,525 25,028 5,630

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,343 20,024 9,242

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,539 11,037 8,391

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,634 6,883 7,519

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,179 7,577 11,729

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,783 2,029 4,281

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,834 1,044 2,931

 SCTG 34, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 66,728 36,760

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,344 19,713 481

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,740 4,608 458

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,296 10,359 2,362

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,643 11,025 5,211

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,814 6,986 5,515

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,845 5,079 5,451

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,318 4,989 7,428

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,197 2,330 5,188

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,069 1,639 4,666

 SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 47,528 31,645

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,972 15,579 379

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,281 2,588 260

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,787 5,454 1,276

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,716 6,068 2,851

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,886 4,838 3,721

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,537 3,503 3,759

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,296 4,039 6,067

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,540 3,044 6,607

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,480 2,415 6,724

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 45 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,288 133,126 64,776

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,998 43,015 958

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,667 11,181 1,064

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,794 21,771 4,994

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,200 22,152 10,467

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,234 12,678 9,863

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,903 7,286 7,948

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,025 7,241 10,890

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,903 5,457 12,161

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,566 2,345 6,432

 SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 6,815 4,471

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,861 1,601 40

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,015 235 25

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,799 949 223

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,134 1,308 631

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,297 834 667

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,635 926 1,048

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,268 499 768

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,015 368 813

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,859 94 257

 SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 5,668 3,513

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,763 1,687 51

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,914 389 36

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,406 639 164

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,824 962 433

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,154 566 426

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,197 498 537

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,833 421 616

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,264 233 481

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,265 274 769

 SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,286 26,633 15,024

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,744 6,507 172

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,501 2,345 228

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,002 4,402 960

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,475 4,627 2,125

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,141 3,202 2,447

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,453 1,969 2,120

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,238 1,815 2,757

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,644 1,049 2,217

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,087 717 1,998

 SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 91,844 41,995

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,427 30,890 735

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,181 7,605 746

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,043 15,676 3,406

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,110 14,019 6,388

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,548 8,357 6,449

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,221 5,078 5,492

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,328 6,121 9,160

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,521 2,337 4,836

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,927 1,761 4,785

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
46 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles2 

(millions)

 SCTG 41, Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 305,878 67,023

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,298 175,241 4,313

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,802 45,575 4,219

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,295 33,935 7,600

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,508 25,129 12,420

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,472 11,651 9,455

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,014 5,615 6,251

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077 3,278 5,016

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,202 1,375 3,093

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,575 4,079 14,656

 SCTG 43, Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 300,922 56,137

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303,664 128,313 3,801

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,913 59,291 5,643

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247,807 71,318 14,643

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,742 24,663 10,478

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,523 7,768 6,194

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,864 3,364 3,583

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,857 2,953 4,248

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,626 2,189 4,620

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,356 1,063 2,927

 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 (S) 145

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 258 7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 83 17

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 (S) 20

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1 4

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between 2 points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

3 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 8.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 47 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 12,543,425 3,344,658

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 1,480,208 24,828 15,128

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,649 16,630 6,675

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 1,094,506 96,679 26,644

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 309,788 47,963 10,974

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 227,805 43,626 9,573

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 2,381,303 709,781 167,196

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 3,984,093 5,267,458 984,285

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 685,084 2,340,485 212,678

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 1,133,436 3,995,975 1,911,504

 SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish ................................................................... 10,833 6,150 3,973

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 10 (S)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 7 2

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 38 21

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 11 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 316 (S)

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 5,830 3,864 2,725

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 2,056 1,139 634

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 1,451 755 (S)

 SCTG 02, Cereal grains ............................................................................. 84,851 514,151 203,446

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 3 (S)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 60 (S)

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 48 7

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 20 1

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 1,688 156

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 6,119 26,595 5,490

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 24,274 167,041 12,216

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 53,382 318,695 185,571

 SCTG 03, Other agricultural products ................................................................. 143,637 211,890 88,207

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 4,530 331 89

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 419 33

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 9,292 3,242 230

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 3,141 1,423 132

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 2,170 1,070 126

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 28,092 19,489 5,504

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 58,667 67,561 36,423

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 14,716 53,912 5,315

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 20,820 64,443 40,354

 SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. ............................................... 90,472 246,436 76,188

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 92 (S)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 83 20

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 1,460 632 77

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 406 53

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 303 45

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 8,530 9,819 1,531

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 53,736 124,816 26,164

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 12,497 68,838 10,194

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 11,983 41,446 38,022

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
48 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations ..................................................... 277,251 98,413 48,549

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 3,264 290 85

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,903 444 38

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 18,104 3,271 330

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 6,321 1,554 187

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 4,961 1,314 179

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 59,928 17,737 5,048

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 171,196 66,985 34,215

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 3,851 2,635 1,417

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 5,724 4,182 (S)

 SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products ..................................... 143,139 120,023 50,732

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 5,371 692 271

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,442 388 29

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 5,076 1,757 190

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 1,995 902 112

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 2,034 953 132

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 23,385 11,832 3,114

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 92,008 70,243 32,234

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 5,723 17,438 2,641

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 6,105 15,817 12,008

 SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils .................................................... 479,757 468,435 171,452

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 8,414 909 176

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,423 1,095 110

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 23,910 8,957 707

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 10,543 4,818 456

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 8,928 4,495 434

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 91,530 56,652 9,722

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 288,683 294,943 109,099

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 19,670 48,217 8,606

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 22,655 48,348 42,142

 SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages ....................................................................... 158,322 114,012 36,685

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 3,631 228 45

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,335 423 22

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 16,868 5,662 246

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 7,271 3,380 137

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 6,503 3,212 116

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 51,287 32,883 1,702

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 56,421 49,402 19,829

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 7,202 8,870 1,930

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 6,805 9,951 12,659

 SCTG 09, Tobacco products ......................................................................... 70,551 3,289 390

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 5,664 75 25

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,898 53 8

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 9,144 207 36

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 2,156 78 18

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 1,621 64 20

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 9,760 476 140

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 38,037 2,282 139

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 2

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 49 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone ............................................................... 5,202 28,738 3,113

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4 1

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 1

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 65 8

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 55 7

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 55 5

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 1,788 1,486 163

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 2,388 17,911 2,371

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 7,697 422

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1,461 136

 SCTG 11, Natural sands ............................................................................. 6,665 460,085 41,125

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1 (Z)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 (S)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 26 2

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 15 2

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 16 3

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 2,552 191

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 3,317 238,183 9,550

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 1,636 145,514 7,553

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 1,171 73,777 23,824

 SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone .................................................................. 21,167 2,039,457 147,770

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 8 (S)

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 16 (Z)

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 19 (Z)

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 9,176 196

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 12,530 1,194,032 40,340

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 5,201 480,879 21,371

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 3,198 355,327 85,862

 SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. ................................................................. 16,727 272,264 52,096

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 7 5

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 11 4

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 125 17

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 76 (S)

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 8

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 1,466 2,649 284

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 10,068 150,183 19,139

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 1,662 49,131 5,640

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 2,373 69,962 26,978

 SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates .............................................................. 32,910 76,672 39,319

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 3 2

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 5 2

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 1,021 36 (S)

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 (S) (S)

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 294 93

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 13,301 3,885 1,529

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 2,671 1,734 302

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 10,443 70,679 37,347

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
50 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 15, Coal ..................................................................................... 38,228 1,416,187 835,796

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 1 (Z)

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 3 (Z)

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 430 20

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 2,629 57,536 5,247

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 3,508 98,751 9,843

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 31,990 1,259,464 820,686

 SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel ............................................................ 663,194 959,161 68,647

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 19 (Z)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 68 2

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 329 13

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 238 10

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 216 7

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 12,751 16,212 745

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 117,705 162,904 7,857

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 261,486 361,660 16,146

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 270,489 417,516 43,867

 SCTG 18, Fuel oils ................................................................................. 373,515 641,894 54,243

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 22 1

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 55 1

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 1,254 1,513 43

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 2,043 2,655 68

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 2,684 3,626 76

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 37,343 52,726 1,574

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 68,537 109,446 6,698

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 95,858 163,686 11,295

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 165,702 308,164 34,486

 SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. .......................................................... 268,163 578,188 127,190

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 2,146 259 53

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332 325 36

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 9,498 4,768 272

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 3,859 2,914 127

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 5,168 4,003 190

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 36,835 28,665 2,437

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 76,423 206,608 23,233

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 19,810 81,617 9,208

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 113,092 249,029 91,634

 SCTG 20, Basic chemicals ........................................................................... 271,469 412,581 171,156

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 6,241 172 68

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839 220 (S)

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 8,556 2,347 264

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 2,724 1,297 132

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 2,194 919 110

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 29,341 17,362 3,160

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 90,591 147,991 41,080

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 11,019 24,354 6,492

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 118,964 217,921 119,776

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 51 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products ................................................................... 771,252 19,076 8,134

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 252,887 1,267 551

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,513 550 165

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 120,779 1,832 577

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 19,791 535 199

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 14,691 393 140

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 149,305 5,858 1,816

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 157,862 6,980 3,849

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 591 (S)

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 (S) (S)

 SCTG 22, Fertilizers ................................................................................ 43,613 149,600 58,970

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2 1

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 1

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 88 5

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 55 5

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 50 4

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 2,717 5,182 372

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 17,030 54,560 10,132

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 8,819 31,720 7,443

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 14,777 57,937 41,008

 SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. .................................................... 331,750 123,537 58,477

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 24,381 860 423

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,871 553 246

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 27,734 2,925 1,167

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 10,234 1,499 663

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 9,702 1,268 556

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 75,278 18,557 8,623

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 163,097 83,159 39,139

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 2,468 4,335 720

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 9,983 10,382 6,939

 SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber ........................................................................ 489,435 186,392 104,622

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 33,888 1,263 614

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,717 1,211 389

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 48,624 6,022 1,953

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 14,109 2,166 747

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 10,782 2,015 653

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 129,877 36,160 14,207

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 174,447 81,743 48,291

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 6,019 4,772 1,808

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 56,972 51,040 35,958

 SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 107,869 11,164

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (Z) (S)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8 1

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 9 (S)

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 20 (S)

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 502 56

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 3,419 29,094 4,643

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 2,553 66,418 4,483

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 (S) 1,976

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
52 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 26, Wood products ............................................................................ 183,868 323,773 100,787

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 3,024 192 120

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 236 74

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 10,593 1,834 350

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 4,715 1,164 187

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 3,803 1,121 169

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 46,997 29,706 3,846

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 89,251 176,942 46,310

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 14,151 77,332 14,261

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 9,126 35,247 35,470

 SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard ....................................................... 126,857 145,380 82,098

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 1,551 101 36

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 146 39

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 3,831 1,212 156

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 1,826 709 91

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 1,317 566 84

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 18,880 10,913 1,877

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 69,867 83,564 42,454

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 5,067 8,349 2,517

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 23,754 39,820 34,843

 SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles ................................................................ 118,070 82,233 28,977

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 4,262 302 178

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026 311 91

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 8,243 1,903 357

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 2,860 921 176

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 2,013 709 122

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 28,089 14,871 2,837

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 68,048 56,325 22,205

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 1,198 4,132 1,410

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 1,330 2,759 1,601

 SCTG 29, Printed products .......................................................................... 190,389 51,435 22,363

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 43,685 1,916 1,048

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,226 794 336

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 26,290 2,708 1,119

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 9,990 1,127 450

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 5,450 714 273

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 48,782 12,460 4,615

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 42,170 28,146 12,677

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 1,339 528

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 2,231 (S)

 SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather ............................................... 473,610 46,728 30,643

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 90,477 2,055 2,133

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,628 726 618

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 48,981 2,736 1,930

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 15,377 1,390 645

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 10,836 987 485

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 133,162 11,370 6,970

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 152,897 24,495 15,143

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 1,877 950 362

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 2,375 2,018 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 53 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products ............................................................... 196,993 1,156,790 115,289

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 10,403 461 272

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,221 352 129

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 10,367 1,929 601

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 3,785 901 199

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 2,618 867 189

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 32,009 37,131 4,401

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 104,973 800,598 61,329

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 21,855 224,391 20,431

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 7,762 90,159 27,737

 SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes .......................... 488,410 364,940 129,224

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 11,651 360 134

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,127 415 128

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 25,310 3,256 709

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 9,432 1,802 414

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 7,182 1,622 341

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 90,756 33,692 6,943

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 250,999 211,518 66,215

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 26,887 38,954 6,329

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 60,065 73,321 48,010

 SCTG 33, Articles of base metal ...................................................................... 388,292 131,924 52,343

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 50,512 1,095 576

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,312 798 342

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 47,749 4,317 1,630

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 14,007 1,955 723

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 10,390 1,595 603

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 102,829 28,764 9,415

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 129,321 73,439 27,975

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 7,849 7,713 1,937

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 10,323 12,249 9,140

 SCTG 34, Machinery ................................................................................ 628,267 66,728 36,760

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 95,393 1,319 668

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,784 849 368

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 79,978 4,124 1,828

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 25,801 1,763 729

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 17,443 1,198 610

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 147,647 15,756 7,954

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 201,813 33,558 20,411

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 17,789 5,270 2,441

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 11,619 2,891 1,752

 SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment .................... 1,046,495 47,528 31,645

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 339,945 2,816 2,069

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,029 1,503 946

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 206,657 5,552 3,009

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 45,291 1,667 932

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 31,938 1,493 1,277

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 186,740 12,040 7,631

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 142,773 19,071 13,930

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 3,424 1,018 586

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 2,698 2,368 1,266

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
54 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) ................................................. 907,288 133,126 64,776

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 63,205 2,021 880

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,944 1,390 707

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 83,135 6,023 2,673

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 21,362 2,049 884

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 13,147 1,465 585

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 281,261 38,355 18,514

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 359,120 70,028 33,011

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 35,295 6,590 3,958

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 25,819 5,205 3,565

 SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. ............................................................. 173,883 6,815 4,471

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 44,606 77 69

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,257 29 26

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 24,894 121 94

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 6,842 55 48

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 4,050 35 23

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 30,453 960 706

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 21,870 3,051 1,698

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 6,713 540 282

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 1,946 1,526

 SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus ......................................................... 304,620 5,668 3,513

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 145,652 693 718

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,240 286 184

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 59,143 1,028 529

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 11,306 273 119

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 6,669 231 114

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 38,559 1,670 894

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 14,427 1,205 767

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

 SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs ........... 152,286 26,633 15,024

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 9,290 427 390

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,773 432 301

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 26,898 2,628 1,432

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 9,155 1,202 574

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 6,416 912 480

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 56,756 9,817 5,083

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 35,189 10,064 6,345

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 1,048 627 277

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 1,760 526 141

 SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products ........................................................ 490,305 91,844 41,995

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 166,213 2,603 2,539

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,887 961 811

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 62,389 3,976 2,340

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 16,141 1,343 905

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 11,154 1,071 659

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 92,495 16,355 8,845

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 104,717 49,863 20,140

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 9,330 6,773 3,378

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 2,980 8,900 2,379

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 55 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

 SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

 SCTG 41, Waste and scrap .......................................................................... 82,243 305,878 67,023

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (Z) (S)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (S) (S)

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (S) 1

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8 1

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 1,938 1,271 121

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 57,152 194,908 30,779

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 8,657 56,812 6,716

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 14,430 52,864 29,406

 SCTG 43, Mixed freight ............................................................................. 932,353 300,922 56,137

Less than 50 lb ........................................................................................ 47,640 1,868 795

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,728 1,467 386

100 to 499 lb .......................................................................................... 67,055 9,375 1,688

500 to 749 lb .......................................................................................... 25,663 5,431 795

750 to 999 lb .......................................................................................... 20,419 4,845 743

1,000 to 9,999 lb ....................................................................................... 287,417 85,845 15,588

10,000 to 49,999 lb ..................................................................................... 455,271 179,596 33,400

50,000 to 99,999 lb ..................................................................................... 7,672 8,339 1,273

100,000 lb or more ..................................................................................... 3,489 4,155 1,469

 Commodity unknown ............................................................................... 1,453 (S) 145

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 11 (S)

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 8 (S)

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 34 4

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 22 3

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 16 1

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 102 18

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 182 81

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 9.

Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
56 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 10.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles per 

shipment

212 Mining (except oil and gas) ........................................................... 85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505 53

311 Food manufacturing ................................................................. 585,676 568,950 264,425 305

312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ............................................ 129,804 143,530 42,063 227

313 Textile mills ....................................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133 811

314 Textile product mills ................................................................. 28,448 7,022 3,131 854

315 Apparel manufacturing .............................................................. 24,381 1,463 1,400 1,224

316 Leather and allied product manufacturing ................................................ 5,441 636 789 1,118

321 Wood product manufacturing .......................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742 343

322 Paper manufacturing ................................................................ 174,780 166,472 89,418 494

323 Printing and related support activities ................................................... 98,848 33,661 15,936 791

324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing .............................................. 608,090 1,415,099 207,148 222

325 Chemical manufacturing ............................................................. 713,674 594,262 279,917 847

326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing .............................................. 209,268 66,753 37,394 679

327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing .............................................. 124,713 1,060,926 98,086 170

331 Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,412 201,339 98,318 545

332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing ................................................. 338,290 118,350 44,620 596

333 Machinery manufacturing ............................................................ 343,262 40,523 31,565 917

334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing ........................................... 389,399 5,416 4,442 1,205

335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing .............................. 128,868 18,771 15,436 938

336 Transportation equipment manufacturing ................................................ 715,294 94,023 45,264 801

337 Furniture and related product manufacturing ............................................. 83,494 18,700 11,480 715

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350 1,017

4231 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers ...................... 503,333 81,203 29,489 532

4232 Furniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers ...................................... 74,305 23,358 12,730 663

4233 Lumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers .............................. 153,528 498,825 43,488 141

4234 Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers .................... 397,976 21,817 9,088 716

4235 Metal and mineral (except petroleum) merchant wholesalers ................................. 191,673 182,041 43,016 192

4236 Electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers ...................................... 338,597 24,469 11,663 474

4237 Hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers .............. 119,464 28,474 5,563 213

4238 Machinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers .................................. 363,108 74,069 16,716 322

4239 Miscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers ....................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027 911

4241 Paper and paper product merchant wholesalers ........................................... 100,860 50,888 15,513 282

4242 Drugs and druggists’ sundries merchant wholesalers ....................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611 478

4243 Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers ................................... 119,239 9,468 8,484 933

4244 Grocery and related product wholesalers ................................................ 567,732 321,626 81,594 109

4245 Farm product raw material merchant wholesalers .......................................... 143,358 623,826 240,207 145

4246 Chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers ....................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344 237

4247 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers ................................... 610,759 846,636 52,112 70

4248 Beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverage merchant wholesalers ............................ 100,154 55,667 3,194 40

4249 Miscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers .................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260 481

4541 Electronic shopping and mail-order houses .............................................. 216,817 7,305 6,398 1,169

45431 Fuel dealers ....................................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784 22

4931 Warehousing and storage ............................................................ 903,398 187,219 46,335 833

5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers ..................................... 38,082 11,892 2,279 250

551114 Corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing offices ....................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199 784

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 57 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)

Total ................................................................... 85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505 53

Single modes ................................................................ 78,658 3,353,616 956,608 49

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 43,325 2,131,050 98,817 42

For-hire truck .................................................................... 28,676 1,011,437 62,166 57

Private truck ..................................................................... 14,648 1,119,613 36,650 30

Rail .............................................................................. 33,141 1,156,197 830,906 491

Water ............................................................................. 1,780 62,558 26,629 (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) 45,864 16,053 297

Great Lakes ..................................................................... 73 14,752 5,027 313

Deep draft ...................................................................... 1,270 1,941 5,549 (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (Z) (Z) (S)

Pipeline3........................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 5,217 160,134 96,241 443

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... (S) 1 1 619

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,639 60,748 26,915 444

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,294 60,998 37,441 381

Rail and water ...................................................................... 569 18,850 23,402 (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 429 19,536 8,482 487

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 1,854 124,368 4,657 32

311 Food Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 585,676 568,950 264,425 305

Single modes ................................................................ 558,516 531,992 232,256 184

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 533,628 463,673 169,332 170

For-hire truck .................................................................... 374,015 288,522 144,835 567

Private truck ..................................................................... 159,612 175,151 24,496 61

Rail .............................................................................. 22,345 59,764 61,503 1,059

Water ............................................................................. 1,716 (S) 1,266 1,106

Shallow draft .................................................................... 849 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 867 385 636 1,225

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 705 68 144 1,991

Pipeline3........................................................................... 122 231 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 18,792 26,737 29,630 922

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 2,292 192 171 914

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 14,288 21,165 24,274 1,116

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,911 (S) (S) 1,805

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 160 (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 8,368 10,222 2,539 96

See footnotes at end of table.
58 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 129,804 143,530 42,063 227

Single modes ................................................................ 123,765 140,112 36,818 129

Truck2 ............................................................................. 121,817 138,357 34,559 125

For-hire truck .................................................................... 63,698 76,653 27,904 452

Private truck ..................................................................... 58,119 61,704 6,655 42

Rail .............................................................................. 1,765 1,714 2,199 1,108

Water ............................................................................. 19 16 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 12 13 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) 2,459

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 5,368 2,623 4,903 1,006

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 715 32 32 964

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 4,279 2,191 3,801 1,878

Truck and water ..................................................................... 361 385 1,042 2,383

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 8 (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 795 341 (S)

313 Textile Mills

Total ................................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133 811

Single modes ................................................................ 33,139 8,673 3,753 570

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 32,646 8,513 3,718 560

For-hire truck .................................................................... 21,351 5,095 3,224 781

Private truck ..................................................................... 11,295 3,417 494 130

Rail .............................................................................. 271 149 29 380

Water ............................................................................. ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 219 5 6 1,641

Pipeline3........................................................................... 2 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 2,458 250 339 1,000

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 1,913 58 55 998

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 118 44 102 1,989

Truck and water ..................................................................... 401 124 179 1,308

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 66 41 397

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 59 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

314 Textile Product Mills

Total ................................................................... 28,448 7,022 3,131 854

Single modes ................................................................ 24,096 6,522 2,798 647

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 23,887 6,505 2,774 592

For-hire truck .................................................................... 14,063 3,034 2,447 982

Private truck ..................................................................... 9,824 3,471 328 62

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 204 10 (S) 1,159

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 3,262 179 176 1,010

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 3,199 160 159 1,010

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 42 12 (S) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... 21 6 8 2,192

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 1,090 322 (S) (S)

315 Apparel Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 24,381 1,463 1,400 1,224

Single modes ................................................................ 15,794 1,210 1,152 1,073

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 15,426 1,172 1,070 1,027

For-hire truck .................................................................... 12,015 985 1,053 1,280

Private truck ..................................................................... 3,410 187 16 155

Rail .............................................................................. ––––

Water ............................................................................. ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 368 (S) (S) 1,747

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 6,813 179 212 1,284

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 6,554 162 197 1,282

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (Z) (Z) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... 246 14 13 2,177

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
60 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 5,441 636 789 1,118

Single modes ................................................................ 2,919 402 435 1,086

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 2,819 373 403 1,032

For-hire truck .................................................................... 2,313 337 398 1,109

Private truck ..................................................................... 505 35 5 564

Rail .............................................................................. 72 (S) (S) 2,328

Water ............................................................................. ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 28 1 2 2,667

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 2,409 201 330 1,126

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 2,060 59 66 1,125

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 335 142 263 1,936

Truck and water ..................................................................... 10 (Z) (S) (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 3 (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 545

321 Wood Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742 343

Single modes ................................................................ 95,156 206,782 66,039 242

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 89,646 191,515 46,750 229

For-hire truck .................................................................... 56,463 111,495 38,050 482

Private truck ..................................................................... 33,183 80,020 8,700 77

Rail .............................................................................. 5,422 14,877 19,127 1,254

Water ............................................................................. 66 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 110

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 64 (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 24 (S) (S) 1,883

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 4,169 8,681 11,703 914

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 1,057 69 58 894

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,899 7,088 10,939 1,417

Truck and water ..................................................................... 186 (S) 608 1,704

Rail and water ...................................................................... 13 12 (S) 4,501

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 14 14 (S) 3,258

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 1,597 3,371 1,000 105

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 61 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

322 Paper Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 174,780 166,472 89,418 494

Single modes ................................................................ 163,710 154,965 77,069 344

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 147,657 127,716 54,061 330

For-hire truck .................................................................... 119,892 102,683 50,366 482

Private truck ..................................................................... 27,766 25,033 3,695 83

Rail .............................................................................. 15,558 26,809 22,888 874

Water ............................................................................. 405 433 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... 359 374 31 (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,122

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 89 8 9 1,197

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 9,862 10,466 11,747 859

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 2,530 193 155 840

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 6,723 9,536 11,043 1,432

Truck and water ..................................................................... 422 388 380 1,317

Rail and water ...................................................................... 17 (S) 28 (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 170 310 141 1,721

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 1,207 1,041 602 526

323 Printing and Related Support Activities

Total ................................................................... 98,848 33,661 15,936 791

Single modes ................................................................ 71,198 31,177 14,332 255

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 70,329 30,775 13,812 216

For-hire truck .................................................................... 47,908 24,083 12,850 592

Private truck ..................................................................... 22,421 6,692 962 38

Rail .............................................................................. 258 348 443 933

Water ............................................................................. 1 (Z) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 1 (Z) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 609 54 78 1,274

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 24,219 1,503 1,339 955

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 23,797 1,268 872 955

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 350 217 397 1,066

Truck and water ..................................................................... 57 (S) (S) 4,833

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 3,431 982 264 84

See footnotes at end of table.
62 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 608,090 1,415,099 207,148 222

Single modes ................................................................ 547,371 1,294,782 171,650 134

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 133,904 564,884 57,716 121

For-hire truck .................................................................... 79,054 339,064 43,594 172

Private truck ..................................................................... 54,850 225,819 14,121 56

Rail .............................................................................. 31,112 73,264 42,846 659

Water ............................................................................. 51,921 127,373 35,027 325

Shallow draft .................................................................... 40,886 105,779 17,164 144

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 11,036 21,594 17,863 813

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) 810

Pipeline3........................................................................... 330,392 529,241 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 57,434 99,166 34,863 857

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... (S) (S) (S) 871

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,999 5,087 2,534 665

Truck and water ..................................................................... 20,513 32,308 10,695 (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... 5,512 12,909 7,277 1,139

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 27,687 48,803 14,306 242

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 21,151 635 (S)

325 Chemical Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 713,674 594,262 279,917 847

Single modes ................................................................ 619,876 538,420 235,109 550

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 441,940 307,527 97,670 485

For-hire truck .................................................................... 376,585 194,310 83,566 644

Private truck ..................................................................... 65,355 113,216 14,104 131

Rail .............................................................................. 119,862 147,272 117,810 810

Water ............................................................................. 16,379 26,074 14,522 747

Shallow draft .................................................................... 10,979 18,565 7,603 359

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) 7,509 (S) 1,376

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 10,510 202 336 1,209

Pipeline3........................................................................... 31,186 57,346 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 87,341 50,338 42,435 1,100

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 48,376 586 543 1,096

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 23,618 25,721 28,099 1,286

Truck and water ..................................................................... 3,554 4,401 3,374 2,699

Rail and water ...................................................................... 4,557 3,948 2,472 1,774

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 7,237 15,682 7,947 697

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 6,458 5,504 2,374 464

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 63 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 209,268 66,753 37,394 679

Single modes ................................................................ 194,055 63,351 34,025 510

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 191,748 62,791 33,092 500

For-hire truck .................................................................... 153,103 49,903 30,520 680

Private truck ..................................................................... 38,646 12,889 2,571 133

Rail .............................................................................. 1,344 511 878 1,533

Water ............................................................................. 4 1 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 4 1 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 959 47 54 1,178

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 12,532 1,480 2,226 986

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 9,724 423 401 979

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,140 894 1,563 1,562

Truck and water ..................................................................... 607 151 212 2,011

Rail and water ...................................................................... 11 (S) 13 (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 49 8 36 4,486

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,682 1,922 (S) 432

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 124,713 1,060,926 98,086 170

Single modes ................................................................ 117,140 1,035,039 90,348 108

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 113,567 992,410 72,659 102

For-hire truck .................................................................... 60,095 228,680 47,100 330

Private truck ..................................................................... 53,473 763,730 25,559 41

Rail .............................................................................. 2,325 34,912 14,160 390

Water ............................................................................. 624 7,653 3,433 1,529

Shallow draft .................................................................... 407 5,971 2,496 423

Great Lakes ..................................................................... 136 1,393 474 361

Deep draft ...................................................................... 82 289 462 1,937

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 623 64 (S) 1,404

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 5,559 12,611 6,729 966

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 3,299 101 98 969

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 1,598 8,086 4,649 720

Truck and water ..................................................................... 217 1,247 702 1,706

Rail and water ...................................................................... 26 (S) 28 (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 419 3,140 1,253 2,646

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,014 13,276 1,009 88

See footnotes at end of table.
64 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

331 Primary Metal Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 251,412 201,339 98,318 545

Single modes ................................................................ 223,545 176,585 75,260 440

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 188,138 130,355 47,336 423

For-hire truck .................................................................... 158,586 106,802 43,052 524

Private truck ..................................................................... 29,552 23,553 4,283 130

Rail .............................................................................. 32,755 43,787 25,969 578

Water ............................................................................. 1,478 2,430 1,942 844

Shallow draft .................................................................... 1,470 2,418 1,907 774

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 1,174 12 13 1,248

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 25,186 22,833 22,507 865

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 6,243 84 73 867

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 15,753 17,464 15,433 787

Truck and water ..................................................................... 2,378 (S) (S) 1,194

Rail and water ...................................................................... 296 1,108 1,277 1,157

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 515 718 772 1,111

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,682 1,922 552 364

332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 338,290 118,350 44,620 596

Single modes ................................................................ 288,155 114,457 41,828 394

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 280,823 110,526 38,473 376

For-hire truck .................................................................... 198,881 73,419 33,976 704

Private truck ..................................................................... 81,942 37,107 4,497 72

Rail .............................................................................. 3,069 3,753 3,214 843

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,731

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 4,213 (S) 137 1,283

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 44,509 1,886 1,987 910

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 42,238 786 687 907

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 1,502 920 864 1,248

Truck and water ..................................................................... 660 156 336 2,917

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) 16 36 (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) 4,274

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 5,626 2,007 804 185

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 65 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

333 Machinery Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 343,262 40,523 31,565 917

Single modes ................................................................ 268,758 37,243 27,712 712

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 256,275 36,584 26,929 662

For-hire truck .................................................................... 215,562 29,605 24,956 843

Private truck ..................................................................... 40,713 6,979 1,973 150

Rail .............................................................................. 5,169 435 478 1,144

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 7,314 224 305 1,213

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 65,345 2,169 3,025 1,015

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 53,065 847 787 1,012

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 8,808 1,023 1,439 1,597

Truck and water ..................................................................... 3,109 242 684 3,052

Rail and water ...................................................................... 119 (S) (S) 2,487

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) 2,937

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 9,159 1,111 829 389

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 389,399 5,416 4,442 1,205

Single modes ................................................................ 226,039 3,879 2,902 990

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 168,491 3,647 2,624 756

For-hire truck .................................................................... 132,618 2,968 2,497 964

Private truck ..................................................................... 35,873 680 128 147

Rail .............................................................................. 111 (S) (S) (S)

Water ............................................................................. ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 57,438 227 270 1,381

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 152,831 742 911 1,255

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 151,361 699 816 1,257

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 855 25 47 1,447

Truck and water ..................................................................... 601 17 47 (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 10,528 795 629 774

See footnotes at end of table.
66 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 128,868 18,771 15,436 938

Single modes ................................................................ 103,517 16,682 13,019 843

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 100,064 16,277 12,656 810

For-hire truck .................................................................... 86,848 13,915 11,657 884

Private truck ..................................................................... 13,217 2,361 999 267

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 1,533

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 1,910

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 2,645 (S) (S) 1,326

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 22,000 1,006 1,515 1,064

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 19,781 365 375 1,059

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 1,968 591 992 1,874

Truck and water ..................................................................... 247 49 145 3,954

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 3,351 1,083 902 (S)

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 715,294 94,023 45,264 801

Single modes ................................................................ 564,368 80,893 35,156 627

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 460,709 74,527 29,193 535

For-hire truck .................................................................... 342,319 52,840 25,108 705

Private truck ..................................................................... 118,389 21,687 4,085 153

Rail .............................................................................. 40,178 5,777 5,338 1,145

Water ............................................................................. 2,939 384 384 (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... 2,373 382 383 (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 566 (S) (S) 669

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 60,543 205 242 1,302

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 86,361 5,887 7,121 1,033

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 41,294 349 330 1,018

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 43,640 5,414 6,419 1,338

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,192 109 271 2,802

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 8,922

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) 5,870

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 64,565 7,243 2,987 315

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 67 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 83,494 18,700 11,480 715

Single modes ................................................................ 78,349 18,152 10,855 579

Truck2 ............................................................................. 78,099 18,115 10,808 576

For-hire truck .................................................................... 53,089 13,039 9,981 810

Private truck ..................................................................... 25,010 5,076 826 177

Rail .............................................................................. 158 29 30 1,321

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (Z) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (Z) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 89 7 (S) 1,474

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 4,307 391 520 952

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 3,850 281 280 946

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 317 77 89 1,297

Truck and water ..................................................................... 128 32 139 4,184

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 10 2 (S) 5,952

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 158 105 465

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Total ................................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350 1,017

Single modes ................................................................ 79,053 9,192 7,504 755

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 70,904 8,974 7,239 567

For-hire truck .................................................................... 58,604 7,165 6,850 901

Private truck ..................................................................... 12,300 1,809 389 84

Rail .............................................................................. 308 (S) (S) 1,268

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 7,836 123 176 1,414

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 63,047 1,460 1,648 1,085

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 61,817 870 899 1,085

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 630 (S) (S) 1,458

Truck and water ..................................................................... 505 77 137 2,388

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) 3 (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,179 288 198 233

See footnotes at end of table.
68 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 503,333 81,203 29,489 532

Single modes ................................................................ 423,180 73,983 24,587 256

Truck2 ............................................................................. 388,166 70,972 21,270 236

For-hire truck .................................................................... 219,435 28,679 17,691 675

Private truck ..................................................................... 168,731 42,293 3,579 46

Rail .............................................................................. (S) 2,852 (S) 950

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 5,221 152 185 1,170

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 55,559 3,684 4,062 1,110

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 47,673 2,265 1,714 1,110

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 7,216 1,278 2,130 1,063

Truck and water ..................................................................... 658 141 216 2,766

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 24,594 3,536 839 78

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 74,305 23,358 12,730 663

Single modes ................................................................ 60,954 20,933 10,520 330

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 60,633 20,845 10,332 327

For-hire truck .................................................................... 26,322 7,782 8,723 951

Private truck ..................................................................... 34,311 13,063 1,609 83

Rail .............................................................................. 198 71 165 1,055

Water ............................................................................. 6 (S) (S) 232

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 6 (S) (S) 232

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) 1,727

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 10,234 1,199 1,370 1,043

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 9,657 946 972 1,043

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 383 157 241 904

Truck and water ..................................................................... 156 61 (S) 1,436

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 3,117 1,226 (S) 172

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 69 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 153,528 498,825 43,488 141

Single modes ................................................................ 144,605 483,232 36,418 101

Truck2 ............................................................................. 143,970 481,804 35,009 99

For-hire truck .................................................................... 36,709 190,024 23,082 316

Private truck ..................................................................... 107,261 291,780 11,927 55

Rail .............................................................................. 489 1,396 1,388 (S)

Water ............................................................................. 39 18 5 453

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 39 18 5 453

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 107 13 16 1,898

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 4,180 (S) 6,438 675

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 2,349 172 90 670

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 1,120 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... 696 765 1,818 1,710

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 16 11 (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 4,743 8,701 633 40

4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 397,976 21,817 9,088 716

Single modes ................................................................ 201,761 17,050 6,462 440

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 181,535 16,842 6,112 338

For-hire truck .................................................................... 106,636 6,702 5,256 789

Private truck ..................................................................... 74,899 10,140 856 69

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water ............................................................................. 8 1 (Z) 164

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 8 1 (Z) 164

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 20,194 207 349 1,126

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 185,772 3,470 2,371 813

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 184,657 3,429 2,246 812

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 95 (S) 11 1,491

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 10,442 1,297 255 109

See footnotes at end of table.
70 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 191,673 182,041 43,016 192

Single modes ................................................................ 180,193 173,197 34,760 132

Truck2 ............................................................................. 176,011 130,219 25,696 130

For-hire truck .................................................................... 89,986 70,664 19,816 353

Private truck ..................................................................... 86,026 59,554 5,880 65

Rail .............................................................................. 2,017 5,231 (S) 341

Water ............................................................................. 1,456 37,693 6,236 (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... 1,445 37,690 6,233 157

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 11 3 (S) 1,190

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) 912

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 6,815 6,793 7,876 543

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 4,478 357 161 540

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 1,468 1,014 (S) 863

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,730

Rail and water ...................................................................... 176 (S) (S) 1,168

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 94 965 1,820 2,156

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 4,665 2,051 381 37

4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 338,597 24,469 11,663 474

Single modes ................................................................ 209,655 19,401 9,111 208

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 179,186 18,532 7,637 157

For-hire truck .................................................................... 106,395 9,700 7,124 660

Private truck ..................................................................... 72,791 8,832 513 32

Rail .............................................................................. (S) 715 1,242 (S)

Water ............................................................................. (S) 7 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) 7 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 24,979 148 228 1,296

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 111,937 2,198 2,219 822

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 109,160 1,887 1,510 822

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) 192 (S) 1,584

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) 120 (S) (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 17,004 2,870 333 50

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 71 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 119,464 28,474 5,563 213

Single modes ................................................................ 91,740 24,036 4,468 109

Truck2 ............................................................................. 91,046 23,979 4,365 103

For-hire truck .................................................................... 26,982 6,911 3,040 484

Private truck ..................................................................... 64,065 17,069 1,325 40

Rail .............................................................................. 183 22 30 (S)

Water ............................................................................. 5 1 (S) 1,625

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 5 1 (S) 1,625

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 506 (S) (S) 1,122

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 18,647 812 509 528

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 18,152 703 383 528

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 328 86 88 (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... 165 23 39 1,757

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) 382

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 9,077 3,625 (S) 23

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 363,108 74,069 16,716 322

Single modes ................................................................ 240,858 66,976 14,430 141

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 233,192 66,651 14,249 122

For-hire truck .................................................................... 113,842 30,176 11,491 482

Private truck ..................................................................... 119,350 36,476 2,758 42

Rail .............................................................................. (S) 36 15 (S)

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 1,291

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 29

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,483

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 6,976 70 80 1,078

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 106,143 2,982 1,512 477

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 101,963 2,203 1,106 475

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,579 (S) 85 1,003

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,404 (S) 200 2,458

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 5,363

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 16,107 4,111 774 52

See footnotes at end of table.
72 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027 911

Single modes ................................................................ 140,167 399,440 69,188 426

Truck2 ............................................................................. 125,541 359,428 53,504 397

For-hire truck .................................................................... 78,198 155,787 39,847 899

Private truck ..................................................................... 47,343 203,641 13,656 69

Rail .............................................................................. 9,375 35,163 13,654 410

Water ............................................................................. 1,251 4,782 1,932 1,242

Shallow draft .................................................................... 932 3,581 1,733 329

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 4,000 67 98 1,288

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 63,751 22,601 23,254 1,138

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 55,202 1,168 1,213 1,138

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 5,175 14,097 10,740 952

Truck and water ..................................................................... 3,028 6,177 (S) 1,447

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 307 (S) 331 (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 6,443 4,848 585 125

4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 100,860 50,888 15,513 282

Single modes ................................................................ 84,260 45,890 12,427 179

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 82,446 41,218 8,988 175

For-hire truck .................................................................... 22,260 14,547 7,202 707

Private truck ..................................................................... 60,186 26,672 1,786 88

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 720

Water ............................................................................. 3 (Z) (Z) 200

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 3 (Z) (Z) 200

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 818 21 (S) 1,338

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 14,367 (S) (S) 580

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 11,614 948 484 579

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 735

Truck and water ..................................................................... 179 172 186 1,650

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,233 936 (S) 91

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 73 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611 478

Single modes ................................................................ 257,241 21,328 8,292 229

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 253,143 21,188 8,119 215

For-hire truck .................................................................... 182,513 8,696 6,594 413

Private truck ..................................................................... 70,629 12,492 1,525 60

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 948

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 224

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 224

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 3,987 (S) (S) 1,212

Pipeline3........................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 149,575 1,649 991 631

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 149,038 1,587 865 632

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) 53 (S) 645

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,448 430 328 (S)

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 119,239 9,468 8,484 933

Single modes ................................................................ 67,677 7,326 6,553 931

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 66,736 7,279 6,494 921

For-hire truck .................................................................... 53,200 5,502 6,288 1,089

Private truck ..................................................................... 13,535 1,777 206 196

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 4 (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 833 26 38 1,182

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 47,558 1,691 1,685 963

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 45,997 1,564 1,414 962

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 941 90 186 1,984

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,835

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 4,005 451 245 222

See footnotes at end of table.
74 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 567,732 321,626 81,594 109

Single modes ................................................................ 557,533 316,565 73,268 85

Truck2 ............................................................................. 554,608 314,826 70,205 83

For-hire truck .................................................................... 115,429 75,691 48,540 449

Private truck ..................................................................... 439,179 239,135 21,665 60

Rail .............................................................................. 1,579 1,401 2,589 826

Water ............................................................................. 268 140 120 (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... 231 101 119 741

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 1,078 197 (S) 1,610

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 6,036 2,515 (S) 1,030

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 2,399 211 155 1,016

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 1,041 742 1,174 1,095

Truck and water ..................................................................... 2,548 1,541 (S) 1,601

Rail and water ...................................................................... 24 16 52 4,050

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 4,164 2,546 768 76

4245 Farm Product Raw Materials Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 143,358 623,826 240,207 145

Single modes ................................................................ 126,167 567,812 205,008 116

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 79,392 312,891 30,560 96

For-hire truck .................................................................... 42,078 152,130 22,222 204

Private truck ..................................................................... 37,314 160,761 8,338 47

Rail .............................................................................. 30,037 166,199 114,955 788

Water ............................................................................. 16,436 87,688 59,491 992

Shallow draft .................................................................... 14,519 79,266 58,737 1,006

Great Lakes ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft ...................................................................... 1,820 7,993 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) 1,300

Pipeline3........................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 14,294 44,931 34,491 721

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 798 25 (S) 631

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 8,062 16,211 17,986 1,076

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,461 6,859 (S) (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... 1,425 9,586 4,378 534

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 2,547 12,249 9,554 865

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 2,896 (S) 708 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 75 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344 237

Single modes ................................................................ 107,399 115,573 27,125 140

Truck2 ............................................................................. 104,847 108,295 22,873 136

For-hire truck .................................................................... 51,867 37,005 15,729 465

Private truck ..................................................................... 52,980 71,290 7,144 50

Rail .............................................................................. 1,924 (S) (S) 509

Water ............................................................................. 224 398 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 77

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) 126 (S) 1,243

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 404 31 (S) 1,278

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 10,574 2,442 3,290 626

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 7,894 393 204 620

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,090 1,847 2,372 1,316

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) 98 (S) 2,517

Rail and water ...................................................................... 30 14 64 4,047

Other multiple modes ................................................................ (S) 90 (S) 5,964

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 1,951 1,955 929 53

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 610,759 846,636 52,112 70

Single modes ................................................................ 599,544 828,201 48,505 50

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 561,488 765,001 40,125 48

For-hire truck .................................................................... 216,531 302,007 20,306 88

Private truck ..................................................................... 344,956 462,994 19,819 39

Rail .............................................................................. 5,877 6,047 5,138 582

Water ............................................................................. 14,216 28,589 2,042 362

Shallow draft .................................................................... 13,174 26,683 731 (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 908

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) 465

Pipeline3........................................................................... 17,615 28,256 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 6,968 13,253 3,006 380

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... (S) (S) (S) 378

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 876

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,185 2,616 (S) (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 419

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 3,558 8,918 353 39

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 4,248 5,182 601 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
76 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 100,154 55,667 3,194 40

Single modes ................................................................ 99,172 55,306 2,765 39

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 99,035 55,194 2,614 39

For-hire truck .................................................................... 8,232 2,588 1,127 216

Private truck ..................................................................... 90,804 52,606 1,487 32

Rail .............................................................................. 128 110 150 (S)

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 217

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 217

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) 1 1,807

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 232 (S) 725

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 99 (S) 5 707

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... 55 (S) (S) 742

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 3 (S)

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total ................................................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260 481

Single modes ................................................................ 191,547 178,768 46,863 155

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 186,678 164,086 32,226 148

For-hire truck .................................................................... 53,127 67,956 23,336 533

Private truck ..................................................................... 133,551 96,130 8,890 64

Rail .............................................................................. 2,958 12,522 12,583 803

Water ............................................................................. (S) 4 1 210

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) 4 1 210

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 1,268 (S) 113 1,637

Pipeline3........................................................................... 630 1,946 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 21,298 11,810 13,062 956

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 17,312 948 876 956

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 2,811 6,370 5,892 952

Truck and water ..................................................................... 858 (S) (S) 1,654

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 3,585 2,319 336 89

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 77 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses

Total ................................................................... 216,817 7,305 6,398 1,169

Single modes ................................................................ 39,428 2,791 1,427 936

Truck2 ............................................................................. 35,015 2,740 1,336 826

For-hire truck .................................................................... 25,573 1,595 1,220 1,211

Private truck ..................................................................... 9,442 1,146 116 271

Rail .............................................................................. 9 (S) (S) (S)

Water ............................................................................. ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 4,404 48 91 1,629

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 170,297 4,328 4,904 1,190

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 170,229 4,320 4,889 1,190

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 2,880

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 185 67 699

45431 Fuel Dealers

Total ................................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784 22

Single modes ................................................................ 37,921 48,070 1,774 22

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 37,712 47,803 1,772 22

For-hire truck .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck ..................................................................... 35,920 44,998 1,093 22

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) 1 (S)

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 14

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 2 (Z) 653

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... (S) 1 (Z) 658

Truck and rail ....................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ..................................................................... ––––

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 367 10 13

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
78 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4931 Warehousing and Storage

Total ................................................................... 903,398 187,219 46,335 833

Single modes ................................................................ 823,575 181,632 41,534 529

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 815,197 174,321 37,466 502

For-hire truck .................................................................... 510,385 82,888 26,290 733

Private truck ..................................................................... 304,812 91,433 11,176 122

Rail .............................................................................. 1,786 2,180 1,430 850

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,041

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) 4 (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 3,919 109 166 1,273

Pipeline3........................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 74,570 3,825 3,517 941

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 69,236 1,540 1,227 941

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 3,301 1,662 1,590 604

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,665 (S) 465 1,565

Rail and water ...................................................................... 202 47 112 2,392

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 166 91 122 2,681

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 5,252 1,762 (S) 599

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

Total ................................................................... 38,082 11,892 2,279 250

Single modes ................................................................ 26,967 11,103 1,783 38

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 26,672 11,067 1,755 35

For-hire truck .................................................................... 15,021 4,328 1,550 (S)

Private truck ..................................................................... 11,651 6,739 205 18

Rail .............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) 801

Water ............................................................................. (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................... ––––

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. (S) (S) 18 1,193

Pipeline3........................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................... 10,372 537 468 494

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 9,894 516 443 494

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 425 20 22 680

Truck and water ..................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,973

Rail and water ...................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes ................................................................ ––––

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 252 28 561

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 79 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices

Total ................................................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199 784

Single modes ................................................................ 350,317 215,392 70,355 340

Truck2

 ............................................................................. 287,698 137,265 37,708 307

For-hire truck .................................................................... 197,447 74,939 32,343 672

Private truck ..................................................................... 90,251 62,326 5,365 91

Rail .............................................................................. 27,012 45,541 29,065 1,292

Water ............................................................................. 2,291 6,299 (S) 489

Shallow draft .................................................................... 2,158 6,170 (S) 435

Great Lakes ..................................................................... ––––

Deep draft ...................................................................... (S) (S) 35 608

Air (includes truck and air) ............................................................. 16,097 (S) 75 901

Pipeline3........................................................................... 17,219 26,157 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................... 68,259 20,900 8,869 967

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................... 56,945 914 826 967

Truck and rail ....................................................................... 8,849 3,773 3,282 1,099

Truck and water ..................................................................... 1,224 12,726 4,503 (S)

Rail and water ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ................................................................ 1,076 1,742 149 (S)

Other and unknown modes ..................................................... 9,704 13,970 976 (S)

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 11.

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States:

2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
80 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)

Total .......................................................... 85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 28,463 2,126,709 47,781

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 9,481 288,840 29,866

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 18,856 369,967 105,388

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 11,910 266,886 147,664

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 4,803 189,422 181,037

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 4,476 233,449 286,804

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 4,411 156,318 241,326

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,218 5,357 11,301

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 1,111 1,170 6,338

311 Food Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 585,676 568,950 264,425

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 127,799 174,591 5,780

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 56,054 64,187 6,309

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 100,811 99,948 21,754

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 101,761 83,450 40,198

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 73,723 59,578 48,462

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 45,329 32,247 35,595

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 43,946 32,519 51,889

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 22,703 13,820 30,199

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 13,550 8,610 24,239

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 129,804 143,530 42,063

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 59,337 49,980 1,122

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 10,633 19,729 1,915

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 19,401 33,379 7,103

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 18,806 23,973 10,307

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 8,004 6,274 4,869

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 4,835 4,527 5,041

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 2,666 2,488 3,441

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,670 1,619 3,488

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 3,451 1,561 4,777

313 Textile Mills

Total .......................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 8,725 2,235 63

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 3,095 1,086 114

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 6,628 1,930 446

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 5,620 1,393 639

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 4,863 1,089 865

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 2,371 505 543

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 2,245 362 530

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 1,090 173 375

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 1,299 216 558

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 81 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

314 Textile Product Mills

Total .......................................................... 28,448 7,022 3,131

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 9,204 3,210 50

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 1,256 387 35

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 2,683 541 123

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 4,476 907 445

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 3,758 779 604

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 2,488 482 506

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 1,823 342 484

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 1,542 200 421

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 1,217 175 465

315 Apparel Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 24,381 1,463 1,400

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 4,791 246 5

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 1,607 44 4

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 2,033 154 33

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 2,821 262 123

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 2,888 175 132

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 2,400 74 78

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 3,059 246 401

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,143 86 174

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,640 (S) (S)

316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 5,441 636 789

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 33 (Z)

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 8 1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 58 14

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 70 31

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 81 62

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 43 45

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 272 449

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 28 60

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 (S) (S)

321 Wood Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 25,601 74,336 2,718

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 12,174 39,700 4,035

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 20,478 44,483 9,879

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 16,588 26,978 12,890

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 8,257 11,799 9,775

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 6,734 7,423 8,725

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 5,150 6,141 10,184

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 3,630 5,125 11,992

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,312 2,848 8,546

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
82 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

322 Paper Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 174,780 166,472 89,418

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 34,242 32,803 871

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 15,036 15,845 1,584

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 30,660 31,526 7,416

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 36,249 33,899 16,760

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 24,114 22,981 18,638

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 16,527 15,111 16,899

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 9,283 8,293 13,025

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 6,276 4,575 10,205

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,393 1,439 4,021

323 Printing and Related Support Activities

Total .......................................................... 98,848 33,661 15,936

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 31,699 8,434 199

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 7,552 3,598 377

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 14,215 6,268 1,357

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 14,137 6,103 2,844

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 10,856 3,908 2,991

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 6,596 2,063 2,189

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 6,613 1,892 2,707

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 4,107 944 2,027

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 3,073 451 1,244

324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 608,090 1,415,099 207,148

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 363,900 904,873 16,414

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 70,230 139,840 12,975

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 86,614 186,136 38,812

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 45,393 105,720 46,375

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 19,087 37,262 31,461

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 11,179 23,992 28,772

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 9,407 14,970 24,677

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 1,828 1,800 5,364

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 505 (S)

325 Chemical Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 713,674 594,262 279,917

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 175,854 187,559 4,566

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 47,343 61,642 6,347

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 93,720 101,947 22,466

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 132,462 87,789 43,853

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 90,619 55,617 45,924

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 63,345 42,703 50,527

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 57,572 40,962 67,503

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 34,579 11,667 26,255

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 18,179 4,376 12,476

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 83 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 209,268 66,753 37,394

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 36,697 12,934 375

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 16,197 5,716 563

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 35,087 11,698 2,680

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 43,457 14,202 6,647

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 29,936 9,291 7,130

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 17,167 4,991 5,322

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 16,087 4,382 6,345

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 8,416 2,195 4,702

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 6,224 1,344 3,630

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 124,713 1,060,926 98,086

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 53,721 796,412 14,463

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 12,351 82,342 7,915

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 21,760 113,384 25,024

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 15,117 39,645 18,268

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 8,495 16,040 13,028

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 4,872 6,039 6,826

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 3,790 4,722 6,979

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,364 1,344 2,778

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,246 998 2,805

331 Primary Metal Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 251,412 201,339 98,318

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 42,188 38,862 891

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 15,632 14,456 1,372

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 52,086 50,190 11,952

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 61,892 48,507 23,789

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 30,133 22,599 18,236

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 17,059 12,058 14,351

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 17,125 9,190 14,538

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 8,949 3,941 9,000

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 6,349 1,537 4,188

332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 338,290 118,350 44,620

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 86,011 38,854 966

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 25,992 12,576 1,231

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 55,925 23,038 5,100

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 58,762 20,549 9,646

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 37,051 9,846 7,432

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 24,733 5,473 5,903

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 26,566 5,220 7,762

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 12,728 1,909 4,097

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 10,521 884 2,483

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
84 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

333 Machinery Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 343,262 40,523 31,565

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 43,588 5,466 154

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 17,621 2,504 263

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 46,780 5,950 1,419

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 63,786 7,889 3,837

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 49,440 5,607 4,524

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 42,454 4,859 5,222

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 43,674 4,573 6,821

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 19,656 1,722 3,854

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 16,263 1,952 5,470

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 389,399 5,416 4,442

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 80,219 934 35

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 15,824 291 33

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 37,015 497 132

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 49,633 931 445

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 45,216 792 609

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 35,816 609 671

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 49,901 760 1,064

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 34,757 320 683

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 41,018 281 771

335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 128,868 18,771 15,436

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 14,469 2,383 58

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 5,768 725 75

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 14,366 2,273 525

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 23,618 3,658 1,757

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 21,983 3,347 2,609

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 15,324 2,122 2,258

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 15,516 2,096 3,095

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 9,818 1,263 2,618

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 8,006 905 2,441

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 715,294 94,023 45,264

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 168,871 28,705 673

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 35,710 6,667 619

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 99,906 17,379 4,009

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 123,402 16,909 8,106

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 87,977 9,405 7,262

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 56,512 5,066 5,488

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 63,055 5,146 7,816

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 58,341 3,626 8,197

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 21,520 1,120 3,093

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 85 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 83,494 18,700 11,480

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 17,407 3,465 86

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 5,874 1,378 134

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 11,861 2,761 640

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 15,675 3,854 1,805

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 13,105 3,061 2,341

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 6,982 1,646 1,776

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 5,532 1,424 2,072

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 4,527 741 1,566

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,531 370 1,062

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Total .......................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 18,625 1,629 40

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 5,538 337 34

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 15,951 1,190 297

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 20,011 1,405 682

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 19,663 2,332 1,843

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 15,249 1,289 1,411

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 19,773 1,771 2,682

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 16,104 544 1,147

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 13,365 444 1,213

4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 503,333 81,203 29,489

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 162,866 39,366 980

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 52,249 7,495 716

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 84,229 10,616 2,346

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 79,496 8,758 3,958

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 37,976 4,634 3,577

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 26,472 3,059 3,303

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 15,540 2,892 4,255

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 18,283 2,777 5,927

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 26,222 1,606 4,427

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 74,305 23,358 12,730

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 25,607 8,614 222

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 6,989 2,526 242

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 9,307 3,402 684

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 8,097 2,443 1,071

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 6,275 1,417 1,086

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 5,086 938 1,010

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 4,926 1,176 1,795

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 3,611 1,683 3,490

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 4,407 1,159 3,131

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
86 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 153,528 498,825 43,488

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 90,627 401,076 8,353

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 22,883 39,536 3,706

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 21,710 32,958 6,568

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 7,582 10,665 4,814

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 3,192 5,020 4,175

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 2,842 3,183 3,504

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 2,238 3,616 5,043

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 1,023 1,224 2,763

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 1,433 1,549 4,562

4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 397,976 21,817 9,088

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 101,368 8,794 226

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 27,720 3,004 274

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 51,535 3,500 709

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 53,029 2,080 906

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 35,433 1,196 922

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 33,306 800 856

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 30,726 833 1,209

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 31,598 748 1,575

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 33,262 863 2,412

4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 191,673 182,041 43,016

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 75,523 68,856 1,941

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 26,648 35,041 3,560

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 40,168 47,788 10,668

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 23,498 16,529 7,690

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 9,512 4,819 3,648

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 4,728 4,977 7,548

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 6,397 2,675 4,494

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,373 631 1,306

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,826 725 2,160

4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 338,597 24,469 11,663

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 124,879 11,711 254

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 17,164 1,610 159

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 35,592 3,069 678

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 26,369 1,641 765

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 25,457 1,584 1,233

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 19,325 1,541 1,644

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 31,563 1,269 1,971

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 33,878 1,385 3,115

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 24,369 660 1,843

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 87 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 119,464 28,474 5,563

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 65,441 16,404 419

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 12,213 3,364 341

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 14,532 3,479 743

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 10,994 3,189 1,462

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 5,514 776 590

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 3,212 517 547

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 3,206 328 480

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,312 247 521

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,041 169 461

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 363,108 74,069 16,716

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 155,014 44,399 1,154

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 36,028 7,899 757

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 52,837 9,036 1,922

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 39,997 5,303 2,408

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 22,666 2,384 1,820

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 16,686 1,402 1,526

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 19,907 1,705 2,644

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 10,571 1,304 2,728

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 9,402 636 1,759

4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 64,705 241,164 6,429

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 17,204 67,745 6,215

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 28,578 49,259 10,877

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 28,851 34,542 17,001

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 17,434 13,661 11,385

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 11,763 6,718 7,457

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 18,501 5,342 8,298

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 9,203 2,827 6,295

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 14,123 5,630 19,069

4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 100,860 50,888 15,513

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 53,218 24,688 596

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 10,324 4,459 424

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 13,797 6,881 1,480

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 7,038 5,007 2,487

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 4,977 4,686 3,539

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 3,431 3,258 3,311

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 3,504 899 1,272

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 3,084 568 1,191

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 1,486 442 1,214

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
88 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 113,961 6,676 282

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 57,577 3,853 364

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 103,378 4,996 1,086

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 52,698 2,793 1,281

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 27,553 2,184 1,764

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 17,381 811 870

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 17,314 1,138 1,687

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 8,610 484 982

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 10,790 471 1,296

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 119,239 9,468 8,484

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 20,201 2,772 47

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 7,630 466 45

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 13,127 835 178

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 14,627 816 379

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 15,020 1,009 762

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 8,775 482 503

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 14,736 814 1,177

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 8,286 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 16,838 1,020 2,776

4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 567,732 321,626 81,594

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 275,343 162,770 4,030

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 90,665 49,496 4,683

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 104,908 53,455 10,797

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 40,747 22,011 9,541

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 15,829 8,910 6,976

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 11,945 7,979 8,658

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 12,316 7,853 12,020

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 8,232 5,002 10,898

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 7,748 4,149 13,991

4245 Farm Product Raw Materials Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 143,358 623,826 240,207

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 62,534 313,989 8,370

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 11,361 54,761 4,969

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 14,631 53,436 14,229

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 14,991 66,689 39,120

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 12,387 52,241 46,594

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 8,468 37,310 47,857

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 10,843 38,164 64,636

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,656 4,413 5,737

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 2,823 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 89 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 44,769 53,707 1,692

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 14,987 18,280 1,819

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 20,463 23,234 4,920

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 13,892 11,046 4,988

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 7,201 4,719 3,801

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 6,740 4,205 4,571

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 6,231 2,801 4,288

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 2,670 1,044 2,631

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 2,971 934 2,635

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 610,759 846,636 52,112

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 483,011 687,745 14,626

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 64,262 88,654 7,904

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 35,430 44,149 8,619

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 12,930 12,743 5,614

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 5,542 5,869 4,610

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 4,337 3,930 4,340

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 4,077 2,884 4,657

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 1,044 544 1,350

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 (S) (S)

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 100,154 55,667 3,194

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 84,480 50,070 1,034

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 7,826 3,287 285

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 4,547 1,254 235

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 225 95

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 181 166

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 103 116

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 191 319

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 109 234

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 247 710

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total .......................................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 78,544 83,919 2,393

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 33,484 30,029 3,000

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 47,943 32,936 6,992

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 18,444 13,613 6,509

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 11,002 9,812 8,106

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 9,115 12,305 14,606

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 10,940 8,013 12,839

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 3,093 746 1,550

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 3,864 1,523 4,266

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
90 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses

Total .......................................................... 216,817 7,305 6,398

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 30,512 1,326 33

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 9,633 629 58

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 19,800 619 147

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 28,708 962 458

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 26,489 972 760

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 23,713 733 788

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 31,237 915 1,334

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 19,928 518 1,081

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 26,798 630 1,738

45431 Fuel Dealers

Total .......................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 35,366 44,476 760

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 1,036 1,396 121

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 1,080 248

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ – – –

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

4931 Warehousing and Storage

Total .......................................................... 903,398 187,219 46,335

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 161,327 66,696 1,971

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 116,633 34,938 3,458

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 205,078 45,265 9,519

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 183,101 21,482 9,504

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 87,016 10,170 8,462

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 62,149 3,341 3,541

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 32,982 2,677 3,770

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 39,554 1,720 3,605

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 15,557 931 2,504

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

Total .......................................................... 38,082 11,892 2,279

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 15,373 8,401 170

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 2,255 710 63

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 2,851 849 213

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 4,339 813 371

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 3,664 398 292

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 2,743 252 267

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 3,706 209 292

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 1,488 169 364

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 1,662 92 248

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 91 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS 

code NAICS title and distance shipped Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices

Total .......................................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199

Less than 50 miles .......................................................... 95,087 106,468 2,868

50 to 99 miles ............................................................. 36,235 34,112 3,682

100 to 249 miles ........................................................... 64,017 48,523 14,240

250 to 499 miles ........................................................... 68,603 24,747 11,207

500 to 749 miles ........................................................... 43,976 10,956 8,988

750 to 999 miles ........................................................... 35,208 13,055 14,819

1,000 to 1,499 miles ........................................................ 40,678 6,779 10,641

1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ 24,141 3,114 6,714

2,000 miles or more ......................................................... 20,333 2,506 7,040

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 12. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
92 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)

Total ..................................................... 85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505 53

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 139 3 (Z) 220

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... (S) 2 (S) 158

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 1,027 27 2 57

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... (S) 25 1 (S)

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... (S) 34 (S) 50

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... (S) 8,163 299 41

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 24,095 1,332,052 57,545 41

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 11,586 651,900 35,811 55

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 44,289 1,645,914 963,845 371

311 Food Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 585,676 568,950 264,425 305

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 3,861 538 123 365

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 1,988 459 52 114

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 7,857 2,844 409 135

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 3,671 1,530 311 203

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,397 1,510 324 213

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 67,832 32,873 11,348 323

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 429,125 329,214 150,566 451

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 30,691 97,076 15,790 160

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 37,253 102,907 85,503 934

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 129,804 143,530 42,063 227

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 641 41 25 524

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 242 53 6 115

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 1,459 732 42 60

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 690 441 34 (S)

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 736 338 28 81

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 7,895 5,177 795 133

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 107,927 120,281 35,059 285

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 7,588 12,709 2,751 207

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 2,623 3,758 3,323 907

313 Textile Mills

Total ..................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133 811

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 1,166 22 21 959

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 483 18 14 755

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 2,226 128 89 705

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 1,032 75 52 679

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 701 65 42 640

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 9,299 1,357 745 563

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 20,301 6,865 3,093 454

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 223 88 32 377

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 506 370 45 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 93 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

314 Textile Product Mills

Total ..................................................... 28,448 7,022 3,131 854

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 2,675 105 95 960

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 981 49 40 820

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 2,905 253 166 712

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 1,395 342 67 (S)

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 861 197 47 233

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 7,799 1,645 963 509

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 11,457 3,876 1,602 470

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 293 254 119 474

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) 31 (S)

315 Apparel Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 24,381 1,463 1,400 1,224

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 5,448 79 97 1,256

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 1,265 50 (S) 1,222

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 3,462 114 113 995

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 895 33 23 703

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 561 26 22 825

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 8,461 442 342 729

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 4,080 418 298 616

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 27 (S) (S) 1,182

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 5,441 636 789 1,118

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 1,171 25 27 1,135

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 385 11 10 922

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 865 45 51 1,109

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 276 23 20 850

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 201 (S) (S) 909

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 1,181 125 (S) 1,274

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 1,150 276 368 1,243

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 36 18 23 1,306

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,198

321 Wood Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742 343

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 856 36 21 634

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 685 55 22 389

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 2,997 440 130 297

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 1,070 234 50 208

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 936 230 71 306

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 13,868 8,655 1,598 203

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 59,857 118,293 34,944 272

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 11,983 60,839 10,391 166

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 8,671 30,051 31,516 1,130

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
94 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

322 Paper Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 174,780 166,472 89,418 494

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 1,354 53 42 788

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 583 45 31 696

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 2,894 463 197 465

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 1,469 370 123 334

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 1,225 379 113 297

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 25,307 13,063 3,558 277

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 117,767 109,157 53,024 438

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 4,245 7,470 2,696 320

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 19,935 35,473 29,635 855

323 Printing and Related Support Activities

Total ..................................................... 98,848 33,661 15,936 791

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 18,456 593 387 838

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 4,445 242 124 507

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 13,798 1,095 544 482

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 3,783 526 241 455

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 2,834 430 200 461

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 25,631 7,182 2,815 411

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 29,089 21,027 10,309 457

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 450 558 276 504

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 361 (S) (S) 457

324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 608,090 1,415,099 207,148 222

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... (S) (S) (S) 840

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... (S) 15 13 857

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... (S) 113 73 703

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 126 50 29 579

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 195 91 42 456

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 5,404 6,994 952 175

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 75,121 333,020 28,745 84

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 48,703 163,138 13,760 82

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 477,329 911,651 163,513 404

325 Chemical Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 713,674 594,262 279,917 847

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 37,389 239 229 1,093

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 9,024 163 140 853

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 31,378 1,056 713 686

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 9,529 656 395 600

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 6,348 594 383 641

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 99,221 17,154 8,541 532

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 305,588 242,408 88,302 378

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 21,305 47,558 9,293 184

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 193,893 284,435 171,921 788

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 95 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 209,268 66,753 37,394 679

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 6,480 123 103 881

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 3,021 141 106 755

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 13,830 1,174 725 626

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 6,027 676 409 604

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 4,580 623 342 545

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 78,766 21,382 9,361 457

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 94,111 39,167 24,500 603

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 1,719 2,050 1,044 524

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 734 1,416 804 533

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 124,713 1,060,926 98,086 170

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 2,789 53 33 692

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 814 49 25 508

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 3,838 449 189 435

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 1,519 251 89 356

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 1,009 231 73 316

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 13,498 18,654 2,277 153

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 80,000 750,969 53,410 66

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 14,890 190,967 17,541 94

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 6,358 99,302 24,449 264

331 Primary Metal Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 251,412 201,339 98,318 545

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 4,855 28 20 735

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 2,152 31 23 737

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 6,241 214 131 610

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 2,060 131 73 562

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 1,762 140 74 524

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 26,951 4,395 2,258 529

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 146,577 115,186 45,591 405

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 16,882 21,229 4,475 207

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 43,933 59,987 45,674 741

332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 338,290 118,350 44,620 596

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 38,567 376 252 696

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 12,145 343 212 614

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 37,348 2,320 1,245 534

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 12,350 1,248 646 517

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 8,681 1,070 523 484

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 91,423 22,220 8,341 398

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 124,946 74,349 26,121 337

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 7,083 7,936 1,669 205

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 5,748 8,488 5,611 704

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
96 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

333 Machinery Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 343,262 40,523 31,565 917

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 40,356 324 300 972

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 12,507 241 209 869

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 36,203 1,318 1,032 789

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 11,601 672 499 742

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 8,754 523 421 803

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 86,056 8,605 6,149 728

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 121,411 23,611 17,178 763

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 14,985 3,040 2,767 895

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 11,389 2,188 3,010 1,095

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 389,399 5,416 4,442 1,205

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 134,334 339 399 1,232

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 38,912 145 148 1,034

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 82,650 595 591 1,012

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 21,104 221 196 891

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 10,376 147 146 998

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 59,696 1,427 1,262 903

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 41,264 1,947 1,223 633

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 778 (S) 324 835

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) 180 153 833

335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 128,868 18,771 15,436 938

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 13,096 128 127 1,026

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 4,685 98 94 960

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 17,718 828 659 746

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 5,140 306 261 849

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,777 243 203 829

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 31,413 3,464 2,974 872

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 49,789 12,256 10,119 822

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 1,674 415 353 852

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 1,575 1,033 645 1,075

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 715,294 94,023 45,264 801

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 40,762 197 184 963

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 9,541 115 99 858

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 38,306 763 559 747

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 14,005 539 362 656

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 10,796 408 265 647

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 250,147 27,338 13,154 505

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 281,175 54,091 24,849 460

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 33,357 5,657 2,691 514

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 37,206 4,915 3,102 692

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 97 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 83,494 18,700 11,480 715

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 3,016 126 111 832

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 1,861 140 108 778

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 9,957 1,185 778 669

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 4,162 594 340 571

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,311 546 290 528

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 38,038 7,160 3,980 555

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 22,013 7,823 4,950 627

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 700 565 383 690

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 435 (S) (S) 772

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Total ..................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350 1,017

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 58,381 443 461 1,030

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 8,065 185 178 953

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 18,317 719 652 917

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 5,077 286 274 959

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,221 208 171 819

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 31,039 3,150 2,425 803

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 19,421 5,022 4,022 771

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 575 (S) (S) 1,357

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 183 141 103 1,078

4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 503,333 81,203 29,489 532

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 81,305 2,861 1,139 592

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 31,633 2,222 838 392

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 104,716 9,524 3,061 330

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 23,043 2,611 736 281

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 12,451 1,934 475 243

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 93,439 17,570 6,567 324

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 142,173 39,995 14,537 385

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 4,909 2,881 950 (S)

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 9,664 1,604 1,185 736

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 74,305 23,358 12,730 663

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 6,559 414 353 789

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 3,925 419 278 657

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 11,922 1,985 939 517

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 4,381 1,031 361 348

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,158 822 289 350

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 26,975 8,742 3,078 324

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 15,673 7,698 4,234 562

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 574 669 (S) 649

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) (S) 1,304

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
98 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 153,528 498,825 43,488 141

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 4,828 284 59 244

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 3,259 396 65 169

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 14,207 2,936 350 125

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 5,871 1,673 178 106

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 4,359 1,560 143 92

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 52,342 43,884 3,686 86

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 54,205 294,711 20,581 67

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 11,770 122,267 9,240 73

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 2,688 31,115 9,186 302

4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 397,976 21,817 9,088 716

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 148,425 1,730 1,166 770

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 33,627 970 473 491

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 89,875 3,856 1,472 384

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 17,392 1,093 396 360

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 11,847 1,115 (S) 660

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 74,388 8,748 3,115 430

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 22,125 3,952 1,557 406

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... (S) 190 (S) 526

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 53 (S) 38 (S)

4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 191,673 182,041 43,016 192

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 4,457 209 54 267

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 2,683 287 57 196

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 13,464 2,609 384 148

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 5,519 1,550 240 152

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 4,511 1,332 202 151

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 56,055 27,540 4,044 148

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 87,875 77,963 17,888 205

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 8,296 15,125 2,333 145

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 8,814 55,426 17,813 356

4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 338,597 24,469 11,663 474

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 112,262 1,476 674 497

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 30,401 907 378 405

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 68,638 3,457 1,192 340

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 13,829 1,117 362 324

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 13,698 988 476 469

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 58,824 6,717 3,035 405

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 38,732 7,952 4,425 543

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 1,225 752 239 (S)

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) 1,103 (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 99 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant

 Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 119,464 28,474 5,563 213

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 22,908 757 168 226

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 8,910 632 116 185

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 29,390 3,020 500 165

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 8,293 1,169 223 188

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 5,344 835 223 259

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 31,263 8,606 1,956 238

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 11,409 5,914 1,426 235

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 235 851 (S) 94

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) 6,691 (S) 331

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 363,108 74,069 16,716 322

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 96,979 1,523 499 339

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 25,422 902 270 295

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 55,213 4,240 1,076 255

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 14,295 1,734 416 239

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 9,474 1,290 305 234

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 75,518 17,394 4,156 243

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 69,994 35,446 7,201 213

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 11,406 5,818 1,513 236

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 4,807 5,722 (S) 203

4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027 911

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 51,536 585 583 1,065

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 7,256 300 222 730

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 15,838 1,189 881 751

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 4,147 459 306 655

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 2,862 461 186 400

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 21,624 6,479 2,830 429

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 78,309 230,160 44,545 189

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 12,206 117,420 9,889 80

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 16,584 69,835 33,584 509

4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 100,860 50,888 15,513 282

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 15,190 698 225 345

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 5,420 598 119 196

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 15,759 3,686 582 168

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 5,190 1,632 192 115

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,327 1,172 155 131

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 32,360 16,127 2,550 157

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 18,156 16,227 5,266 295

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 1,482 (S) (S) 380

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 3,976 6,625 4,631 739

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
100 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611 478

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 161,174 1,090 415 482

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 46,378 534 233 446

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 82,784 1,601 763 429

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 11,478 472 299 624

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 9,944 311 220 722

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 55,927 7,587 3,270 573

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 39,703 10,423 3,698 303

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 355 431 (S) 308

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) (S) 618

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 119,239 9,468 8,484 933

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 30,421 786 702 937

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 8,297 345 316 920

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 22,963 1,075 913 894

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 5,731 347 300 851

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,523 237 202 843

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 32,751 2,313 2,524 987

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 14,742 3,833 (S) 828

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 368 168 (S) 242

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 442 364 (S) 1,062

4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 567,732 321,626 81,594 109

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 10,539 1,327 151 153

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 10,278 1,924 127 66

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 56,917 16,839 1,204 69

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 24,713 9,442 776 82

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 20,776 8,539 708 82

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 220,684 110,174 15,947 128

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 208,658 153,141 49,047 275

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 8,609 13,443 4,029 301

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 6,560 6,797 9,606 1,104

4245 Farm Product Raw Materials Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 143,358 623,826 240,207 145

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... (S) 26 5 206

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 216 46 4 95

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 1,188 384 39 96

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 389 271 36 134

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 354 239 28 118

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 7,049 8,814 771 83

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 25,859 55,208 15,908 253

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 36,636 205,431 15,948 77

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 71,210 353,407 207,467 835

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 101 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344 237

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 6,321 295 75 314

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 4,337 306 69 227

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 12,994 2,550 452 182

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 4,667 1,388 191 140

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,596 1,102 182 165

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 35,680 19,005 3,412 177

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 45,705 68,454 19,268 266

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 2,814 10,420 1,414 138

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 3,808 16,451 6,279 494

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 610,759 846,636 52,112 70

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 1,438 167 (S) 175

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 903 210 20 89

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 5,670 2,759 157 63

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 2,535 1,998 100 50

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,743 2,765 141 50

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 58,641 61,605 2,951 49

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 178,158 242,395 16,720 61

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 315,263 454,802 21,589 47

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 44,407 79,935 10,406 261

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 100,154 55,667 3,194 40

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... (S) 214 12 51

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 2,209 439 19 43

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 16,540 5,719 219 39

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 7,176 3,386 121 36

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 6,221 3,200 102 32

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 48,410 31,818 1,116 35

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 15,561 10,130 1,574 103

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 727 544 23 42

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 173 217 (S) 29

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers

Total ..................................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260 481

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 18,683 752 354 593

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 10,454 532 219 414

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 33,694 2,664 741 271

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 11,544 1,371 277 202

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 8,390 1,206 219 181

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 69,877 21,992 4,593 211

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 42,158 75,439 14,752 175

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 10,805 47,351 10,232 210

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 10,824 41,590 28,875 586

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
102 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses

Total ..................................................... 216,817 7,305 6,398 1,169

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 169,330 3,544 3,977 1,179

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 10,292 768 651 871

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 13,043 1,122 739 651

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 2,004 176 83 482

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 1,261 101 (S) 581

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 13,117 898 508 572

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 7,435 684 381 534

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 200 6 (Z) (S)

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

45431 Fuel Dealers

Total ..................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784 22

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 168 69 1 23

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 306 165 3 20

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 4,172 3,386 86 24

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 3,092 3,459 80 24

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 3,776 4,564 91 20

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 19,618 26,111 608 20

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 4,679 7,033 (S) 46

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 2,211 3,399 (S) 124

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 199 251 4 19

4931 Warehousing and Storage

Total ..................................................... 903,398 187,219 46,335 833

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 48,181 848 734 948

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 14,908 447 266 607

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 54,329 2,543 967 402

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 16,039 1,072 425 388

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 14,173 770 364 470

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 211,490 19,387 7,021 405

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 529,710 129,791 29,387 239

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 9,928 19,820 1,950 97

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 4,639 12,542 5,220 452

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

Total ..................................................... 38,082 11,892 2,279 250

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 6,803 716 196 253

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 2,086 352 74 200

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 4,969 1,062 225 209

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 3,497 430 123 282

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 726 183 35 191

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 10,130 4,025 684 157

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 9,123 4,636 817 152

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 715 (S) (S) 267

100,000 lb or more .................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 103 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Average miles 

per shipment

551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices

Total ..................................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199 784

Less than 50 lb ....................................................... 62,906 559 477 899

50 to 99 lb ........................................................... 11,336 276 142 523

100 to 499 lb ......................................................... 30,275 1,599 613 402

500 to 749 lb ......................................................... 7,655 853 259 295

750 to 999 lb ......................................................... 5,637 842 198 233

1,000 to 9,999 lb ...................................................... 92,539 13,621 4,477 317

10,000 to 49,999 lb .................................................... 157,684 84,966 31,655 357

50,000 to 99,999 lb .................................................... 14,333 39,509 6,889 181

100,000 lb or more .................................................... 45,915 108,037 35,489 671

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 13. 

Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
104 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Origin state Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Alabama ....................................................................................... 182,785 268,926 58,222

Alaska ......................................................................................... 18,184 28,743 12,633

Arizona ........................................................................................ 164,820 175,439 24,207

Arkansas ....................................................................................... 101,915 137,545 40,027

California ....................................................................................... 1,341,220 900,817 180,976

Colorado ....................................................................................... 125,093 153,635 76,804

Connecticut ..................................................................................... 142,787 79,117 11,702

Delaware ....................................................................................... 34,757 25,679 4,422

District of Columbia ............................................................................... 2,876 4,505 57

Florida ......................................................................................... 399,941 540,450 73,811

Georgia ........................................................................................ 377,718 372,777 70,173

Hawaii ......................................................................................... 22,043 35,270 1,547

Idaho .......................................................................................... 38,452 46,584 20,153

Illinois.......................................................................................... 639,177 626,898 180,924

Indiana ......................................................................................... 355,503 379,374 75,389

Iowa ........................................................................................... 156,920 241,008 73,213

Kansas......................................................................................... 149,210 178,327 41,690

Kentucky ....................................................................................... 241,879 408,434 111,257

Louisiana ....................................................................................... 269,932 475,520 107,733

Maine .......................................................................................... 30,893 42,786 9,826

Maryland ....................................................................................... 131,252 127,630 16,713

Massachusetts................................................................................... 212,121 128,169 13,335

Michigan ....................................................................................... 409,172 282,752 66,965

Minnesota ...................................................................................... 237,290 285,018 114,425

Mississippi ...................................................................................... 90,753 127,526 34,461

Missouri ........................................................................................ 225,954 305,184 77,099

Montana........................................................................................ 21,583 85,244 62,620

Nebraska ....................................................................................... 76,148 161,358 50,805

Nevada ........................................................................................ 53,126 62,780 9,531

New Hampshire .................................................................................. 38,482 32,678 3,311

New Jersey ..................................................................................... 422,581 230,155 37,087

New Mexico ..................................................................................... 31,388 62,650 9,470

New York ....................................................................................... 549,674 335,782 73,793

North Carolina ................................................................................... 363,549 267,770 52,366

North Dakota .................................................................................... 26,743 95,671 31,700

Ohio ........................................................................................... 563,187 475,857 96,370

Oklahoma ...................................................................................... 116,806 184,134 40,620

Oregon......................................................................................... 146,886 184,738 49,849

Pennsylvania .................................................................................... 489,415 500,393 88,690

Rhode Island .................................................................................... 28,662 13,335 1,945

South Carolina ................................................................................... 155,619 144,297 30,835

South Dakota .................................................................................... 26,677 52,093 21,268

Tennessee ...................................................................................... 433,270 328,935 67,397

Texas .......................................................................................... 1,166,608 1,338,753 252,819

Utah ........................................................................................... 106,690 123,245 40,249

Vermont ........................................................................................ 17,919 16,034 3,643

Virginia......................................................................................... 194,444 246,958 50,629

Washington ..................................................................................... 215,515 244,906 62,811

West Virginia .................................................................................... 49,842 222,895 85,627

Wisconsin ...................................................................................... 263,658 203,766 64,301

Wyoming ....................................................................................... 23,753 550,886 559,160

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 14. 

Shipment Characteristics by Origin State for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 105 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Destination state Value 

(million dollars)

Tons 

(thousands)

Ton-miles1

(millions)

Alabama ....................................................................................... 188,538 290,505 79,480

Alaska ......................................................................................... 30,663 28,152 6,990

Arizona ........................................................................................ 201,423 208,242 47,476

Arkansas ....................................................................................... 112,095 148,880 56,530

California ....................................................................................... 1,284,465 948,097 289,160

Colorado ....................................................................................... 141,964 149,325 43,766

Connecticut ..................................................................................... 118,778 81,337 13,898

Delaware ....................................................................................... 36,648 49,786 8,199

District of Columbia ............................................................................... 12,754 10,117 908

Florida ......................................................................................... 556,389 612,664 138,473

Georgia ........................................................................................ 412,749 438,260 131,584

Hawaii ......................................................................................... 32,434 37,601 9,068

Idaho .......................................................................................... 40,932 54,582 15,320

Illinois.......................................................................................... 580,172 602,160 191,496

Indiana ......................................................................................... 306,031 386,891 82,232

Iowa ........................................................................................... 142,422 225,931 52,187

Kansas......................................................................................... 123,483 188,068 55,662

Kentucky ....................................................................................... 225,715 299,035 68,991

Louisiana ....................................................................................... 274,285 508,908 158,834

Maine .......................................................................................... 41,113 38,933 10,368

Maryland ....................................................................................... 204,554 143,546 28,320

Massachusetts................................................................................... 196,256 137,134 24,294

Michigan ....................................................................................... 417,856 314,613 100,645

Minnesota ...................................................................................... 199,361 246,404 64,962

Mississippi ...................................................................................... 104,336 145,240 42,479

Missouri ........................................................................................ 233,812 330,784 103,234

Montana........................................................................................ 37,944 48,108 15,273

Nebraska ....................................................................................... 64,028 152,229 27,175

Nevada ........................................................................................ 77,230 80,997 24,222

New Hampshire .................................................................................. 40,331 39,640 6,368

New Jersey ..................................................................................... 350,430 246,017 63,555

New Mexico ..................................................................................... 46,576 52,718 12,317

New York ....................................................................................... 597,413 365,002 80,186

North Carolina ................................................................................... 337,081 312,827 76,840

North Dakota .................................................................................... 29,598 82,605 14,723

Ohio ........................................................................................... 493,087 538,925 118,380

Oklahoma ...................................................................................... 134,764 189,351 58,487

Oregon......................................................................................... 139,751 190,707 48,527

Pennsylvania .................................................................................... 458,381 466,714 98,964

Rhode Island .................................................................................... 28,211 16,965 3,067

South Carolina ................................................................................... 167,816 181,223 52,324

South Dakota .................................................................................... 27,787 48,181 11,018

Tennessee ...................................................................................... 265,778 309,899 61,908

Texas .......................................................................................... 1,246,397 1,482,571 402,203

Utah ........................................................................................... 102,179 104,616 25,883

Vermont ........................................................................................ 23,680 24,253 3,879

Virginia......................................................................................... 250,013 289,631 75,343

Washington ..................................................................................... 229,033 264,855 103,313

West Virginia .................................................................................... 54,125 99,360 15,176

Wisconsin ...................................................................................... 236,320 241,157 101,671

Wyoming ....................................................................................... 27,689 89,678 19,302

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information 

on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table 15. 

Shipment Characteristics by Destination State for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States A-1 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Appendix A.

Comparability With Previous Commodity Flow 

Surveys

Commodity Classification System

1993 1997, 2002, and 2007

Standard Transportation Commodity Classification (STCC), developed by 

the Association of American Railroads (AAR)

Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG)

Industry Coverage

1993 and 1997 2002 2007

Establishments classified based on the 1987 

Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system.

Establishments classified based on the 1997 

North American Industry Classification System 

(NAICS).

Establishments classified based on the 2002 

NAICS.

Publishers were covered—classified in 

Manufacturing Division.

Publishers were not covered—classified in 

information sector.1

Publishers were covered—classified in 

information sector.1

Logging covered—under Manufacturing Division. Logging not covered.2 Logging not covered.2

Other Manufacturing (excluding Printing Trade 

Services [SIC 279]).

Other manufacturing (excluding pre-press 

services [NAICS 323122]).

Other manufacturing (excluding pre-press 

services [NAICS 323122]).

Mining (except mining services [SICs 108, 124, 

138, 148] and oil and gas extraction [SICs 131 

and 132]).

Mining (except support activities [NAICS 213] 

and oil and gas extraction [NAICS 211]).

Mining (except support activities [NAICS 213] 

and oil and gas extraction [NAICS 211]).

Wholesale (merchants and manufacturers' sales 

branches and government-owned liquor stores).

Wholesale (merchants and manufacturers' sales 

branches and government-owned liquor stores).

Wholesale (merchants and manufacturers' sales 

branches and government-owned liquor stores).

Retail—catalog and mail-order houses. Retail—electronic shopping and mail-order 

houses.

Retail—electronic shopping and mail-order 

houses, fuel dealers.

Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses). Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses). Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses).3

1 Under NAICS, publishers were reclassified from Manufacturing (SIC 2711, 2721, 2731, 2741, and part of 2771) to Information (NAICS 5111 and 51223) and were

excluded in the 2002 CFS. However, for the 2007 CFS, publishers were restored as an in-scope industry.

2

 Because of changes in the classification of establishments between SIC and NAICS, logging establishments (NAICS 1133), which were covered as part of Manufacturing in 

the 1993 and 1997 surveys, were not included in 2002 and 2007. Detailed information about NAICS classification can be found on the Census Bureau’s NAICS Web site.

3

 While included in all surveys, the procedures for identifying in-scope auxiliary establishments have changed over the years. For the 1997 CFS, a managing office was 

considered in-scope only if it had sales or end-of-year inventories in the 1992 Census. Research conducted prior to the 2002 CFS showed that not all managing offices with 

shipping activity in the 1997 CFS indicated sales or inventories in the 1997 Economic Census. Consequently, the 1997 Economic Census results were not used to determine 

scope for managing offices in the 2002 CFS. For 2002, an auxiliary was included if it supported an in-scope or retail company. For the 2007 CFS, an advance survey of 

approximately 40,000 auxiliary establishments was conducted in 2006 to identify those auxiliary establishments with shipping activity. Those that indicated that shipping was 

performed (as well as nonrespondents) were included in the CFS sample universe.

Sample Size

1993 1997 2002 2007

Approximately 200,000 establishments selected from a universe of 

about 790,000 in-scope establishments.

Approximately 100,000 establishments selected from a universe of 

about 770,000 in-scope establishments.

Approximately 50,000 establishments selected from a universe of 

about 760,000 in-scope establishments.

Approximately 102,000 establishments selected from a universe of 

about 754,000 in-scope establishments.

The following tables show a comparison of the commodity classification system, industry coverage, sample size, sample 

weeks, reported mode of transportation, and data items requested for each shipment among the 1993, 1997, 2002, and 

2007 Commodity Flow Surveys (CFS).
A-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Sample Weeks

1993 1997, 2002, and 2007

Respondents reported for a sample of their individual outbound shipments 

for a 2-week period during each of the four calendar quarters of the reference year.

Respondents reported for a sample of their individual outbound shipments 

for a 1-week period during each of the four calendar quarters of the reference year.

Respondents reported key characteristics for each sampled shipment. Respondents reported key characteristics for each sampled shipment.

Reported Mode of Transportation

1993 1997, 2002, and 2007

For-hire truck For-hire truck

Private truck Private truck

Rail Rail

Air Air

Inland water Shallow draft vessel

Deep sea water Deep draft vessel

Pipeline Pipeline

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier

Other Other

Unknown Unknown

Data Items Requested for Each Shipment

1993 1997 2002 and 2007

Total value Total value Total value

Total weight Total weight Total weight

Standard Transportation Commodity Code 

(STCC) of the commodity that contributes the 

most to the shipment's weight 

Standard Classification of Transported Goods 

(SCTG) code of the commodity that contributes 

the most to the shipment’s weight

SCTG code of the commodity that contributes 

the most to the shipment’s weight

All known modes of transportation All known modes of transportation All known modes of transportation

Single origin (assumed to be the mailing 

address unless the respondent provided a 

different physical location address)

Single origin (assumed to be the mailing 

address unless the respondent provided a different physical location address)

Single origin (assumed to be the mailing 

address unless the respondent provided a 

different physical location address)

Destination Destination Destination

Containerized (Y/N) Containerized (Y/N) (NA)

(NA) (NA) Intermodal (2002-N/A) (2007-Y/N)

Hazardous material (Y/N) Hazardous material—United Nations or North 

American (UN/NA) code

Hazardous material—UN/NA code

Export (Y/N) Export (Y/N) Export (Y/N)

If export: U.S. exit gateway, mode(s) of transport 

to the gateway, foreign city and country of 

destination, and mode(s) of export.

If export: U.S. exit gateway, mode(s) of transport 

to the gateway, foreign city and country of 

destination, and mode(s) of export.

If export: U.S. exit gateway, mode(s) of transport 

to the gateway, foreign city and country of 

destination, and mode(s) of export.

(NA) Not Available.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-1 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Appendix B.

Reliability of the Estimates

INTRODUCTION

The estimates presented by the 2007 Commodity Flow 

Survey (CFS) may differ from the actual, unknown population values. Statisticians define this difference as the total 

error of the estimate. When describing the accuracy of 

survey results, it is convenient to discuss total error as the 

sum of sampling error and nonsampling error. Sampling 

error is the average difference between the estimate and 

the result that would be obtained from a complete enumeration of the sampling frame conducted under the same 

survey conditions. Nonsampling error encompasses all 

other factors that contribute to the total error of a sample 

survey estimate.

The sampling error of the estimates in this publication can 

be estimated from the selected sample because the sample 

was selected using probability sampling. Common measures related to sampling error are the sampling variance, 

the standard error, and the coefficient of variation (CV). The 

sampling variance is the squared difference, averaged over 

all possible samples of the same size and design, between 

the estimator and its average value. The standard error is 

the square root of the sampling variance. The CV expresses 

the standard error as a percentage of the estimate to which 

it refers.

Nonsampling errors are difficult to measure and can be 

introduced through inadequacies in the questionnaire, 

nonresponse, inaccurate reporting by respondents, errors 

in the application of survey procedures, incorrect recording of answers, and errors in data entry and processing. In 

conducting the 2007 CFS, every effort was made to minimize the effect of nonsampling errors on the estimates. 

Data users should take into account both the measures of 

sampling error and the potential effects of nonsampling 

error when using these estimates.

More detailed descriptions of sampling and nonsampling 

errors for the 2007 CFS are provided in the following 

sections.

SAMPLING ERROR

Because the estimates are based on a sample, exact agreement with results that would be obtained from a complete 

enumeration of all shipments made in 2007 from all establishments included on the sampling frame using the same 

enumeration procedures is not expected. However, because 

probability sampling was used at each stage of selection, 

it is possible to estimate the sampling variability of the 

survey estimates. For CFS estimates, sampling variability 

arises from each of the three stages of sampling.

The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large 

number of samples of the same size that could have been 

selected using the same design. If all possible samples had 

been surveyed under the same conditions, an estimate of a 

population parameter of interest could have been obtained 

from each sample. These samples give rise to a distribution of estimates for the population parameter. A statistical 

measure of the variability among these estimates is the 

standard error, which can be approximated from any one 

sample. The standard error is defined as the square root 

of the variance. The coefficient of variation (CV or relative 

standard error) of an estimator is the standard error of the 

estimator divided by the estimator. For the 2007 CFS, the 

CV also incorporates the effect of the noise infusion disclosure avoidance method. Note that measures of sampling 

variability, such as the standard error and CV, are estimated 

from the sample and are also subject to sampling variability; technically, they should have been referred to as 

estimated standard error and estimated CV. However, it is 

important to note that the standard error only measures 

sampling variability and does not measure systematic 

biases of the sample. Individuals using estimates contained 

in this report are advised to incorporate this information 

into their analyses, as sampling error could affect the conclusions drawn from these estimates.

Data users should exercise caution when using estimates 

with a high CV. These data are being provided because 

aggregates of the tabulated estimates can be useful.

An estimate from a particular sample and the standard 

error associated with the estimate can be used to construct 

a confidence interval. A “confidence interval” is a range 

about a given estimator that has a specified probability 

of containing the result of a complete enumeration of the 

sampling frame conducted under the same survey conditions. Associated with each interval is a percentage of confidence, which is interpreted as follows. If, for each possible sample, an estimate of a population parameter and its 

approximate standard error were obtained, then:

1. For approximately 90 percent of the possible samples, 

the interval from 1.645 standard errors below to 1.645 

standard errors above the estimate would include the result 
B-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

as obtained from a complete enumeration of the sampling 

frame conducted under the same survey conditions.

2. For approximately 95 percent of the possible samples, 

the interval from 1.96 standard errors below to 1.96 standard errors above the estimate would include the result 

as obtained from a complete enumeration of the sampling 

frame conducted under the same survey conditions. 

To illustrate the computation of a confidence interval for 

an estimate of total value of shipments, assume that an 

estimate of total value is $10,750 million and the CV for 

this estimate is 1.8 percent, or 0.018. First, obtain the 

standard error of the estimate by multiplying the value of 

shipments estimate by its CV. For this example, multiply 

$10,750 million by 0.018. This yields a standard error of 

$193.5 million. The upper and lower bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval are computed as $10,750 million 

plus or minus 1.645 times $193.5 million. Consequently, 

the 90 percent confidence interval is $10,432 million to 

$11,068 million. If corresponding confidence intervals 

were constructed for all possible samples of the same 

size and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of 

these intervals would contain the result obtained from a 

complete enumeration.

NONSAMPLING ERROR

Nonsampling error encompasses all other factors that contribute to the total error of a sample survey estimate and 

may also occur in censuses. It is often helpful to think of 

nonsampling error as arising from deficiencies or mistakes 

in the survey process. In the CFS, nonsampling error can be 

attributed to many sources: inability to obtain information 

about all units in the sample; response errors; differences 

in the interpretation of the questions; mistakes in coding 

or keying the data obtained; and other errors of collection, 

response, coverage, and processing. Although no direct 

measurement of the potential biases due to nonsampling 

error has been obtained, precautionary steps were taken in 

all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of 

the data in an effort to minimize their influence. Individuals 

using estimates in this report should incorporate this 

information into their analyses, as nonsampling error could 

affect the conclusions drawn from these estimates.

A potential source of bias in the estimates is nonresponse. 

“Nonresponse” is defined as the inability to obtain all the 

intended measurements or responses from all units in the 

sample. Four levels of nonresponse can occur in the CFS: 

item, shipment, quarter (reporting week), and establishment. Item nonresponse occurs either when a question 

is unanswered or the response to the question fails computer or analyst edits. Nonresponse to the shipment value 

or weight items is corrected by imputation, which is the 

procedure by which a missing value is replaced by a predicted value obtained from an appropriate model. 

Shipment, quarter, and establishment nonresponse are 

used to describe the inability to obtain any of the substantive measurements about a sampled shipment, quarter, or 

establishment, respectively. Shipment and quarter nonresponse are corrected by reweighting. Reweighting allocates characteristics to the nonrespondents in proportion 

to the characteristics observed for the respondents. The 

amount of bias introduced by this nonresponse adjustment 

procedure depends on the extent to which the nonrespondents differ, characteristically, from the respondents. 

Establishment nonresponse is corrected during the estimation procedure by the industry-level adjustment weight. 

In most cases of establishment nonresponse, none of the 

four questionnaires have been returned to the U.S. Census 

Bureau, even after several attempts to elicit a response. 

Approximately 67 percent of the establishments in the 

sample provided at least one quarter of data that contributed to these tables.

Some possible sources of bias that are attributed to 

respondent-conducted sampling include misunderstanding 

the definition of a shipment, constructing an incomplete 

frame of shipments from which to sample, ordering the 

shipment sampling frame by selected shipment characteristics, and selecting shipment records by a method other 

than the one specified in the questionnaire’s instructions. 

The respondents who had reported a shipment with untypically large value or weight when compared to the rest of 

their reported shipments were often contacted for verification. In such cases, if it was feasible to collect information 

on all of the large shipments a respondent had made either 

for a particular reporting week or for the entire quarter, 

then those large shipments were identified as certainty 

shipments.

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

Confidentiality

Title 13 of the U.S. Code authorizes the Census Bureau 

to conduct censuses and surveys. Section 9 of Title 13 

requires that any information collected from the public 

under the authority of Title 13 be maintained as confidential. Section 214 of Title 13 and Sections 3559 and 3571 

of Title 18 of the U.S. Code provide for the imposition of 

penalties of up to 5 years in prison and up to $250,000 

in fines for wrongful disclosure of confidential census 

information. In accordance with Title 13, no estimates are 

published that would disclose the operations of an individual firm.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-3 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

The Census Bureau’s internal Disclosure Review Board sets 

the confidentiality rules for all data releases. A checklist 

approach is used to ensure that all potential risks to the 

confidentiality of the data are considered and addressed.

Disclosure Avoidance

Disclosure is the release of data that have been deemed 

confidential. It generally reveals information about a specific individual or establishment or permits deduction of 

sensitive information about a particular individual or establishment. Disclosure avoidance is the process used to protect the confidentiality of the survey data provided by an 

individual or firm. Using disclosure avoidance procedures, 

the Census Bureau modifies or removes the characteristics that put confidential information at risk of disclosure. 

Although it may appear that a table shows information 

about a specific individual or business, the Census Bureau 

has taken steps to disguise or suppress the original data 

while making sure the results are still useful. The techniques used by the Census Bureau to protect confidentiality 

in tabulations vary, depending on the type of data.

For the CFS, the primary method of disclosure avoidance 

is noise infusion. Noise infusion is a method of disclosure 

avoidance in which values for each shipment are perturbed 

prior to tabulation by applying a random noise multiplier 

to the magnitude data—characteristics such as shipment 

value and weight (but not shipment mileage). Disclosure 

protection is accomplished in a manner that causes the 

vast majority of cell values to be perturbed by at most a 

few percentage points. For sample-based tabulations, such 

as CFS, the estimated relative standard error for a published cell includes both the estimated sampling error and 

the amount of perturbation in the estimated cell value due 

to noise. In certain circumstances, some individual cells 

may be suppressed on a case-by-case basis for additional 

disclosure avoidance. In these cases the data are replaced 

with a “D” in the tables. Other cells in the table may be 

suppressed because the quality of the data do not meet 

publication standards. The most common reason for suppressing a cell is a high CV (greater than 50 percent). These 

suppressed cells are shown with an “S” in the tables.

Unpublished Estimates

Some unpublished estimates can be derived directly from 

this report by subtracting published estimates from their 

respective totals. However, the estimates obtained by 

such subtraction would be subject to poor response, high 

sampling variability, or other factors that may make them 

potentially misleading.

Individuals who use estimates in this report to create new 

estimates should cite the Census Bureau as the source of 

only the original estimates.
B-4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-1a. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for 

the United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error of 

percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error of 

percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error of 

percentage

Total ....................................... 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5

Single modes .................................... 1.1 0.4 1.5 0.4 4.2 0.8 4.3

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.3 4.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.7 1.0 5.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.3 1.9 0.5 1.7 0.3 3.6

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 0.2 6.2 0.8 8.7 2.1 4.6

Water ................................................. 11.0 0.1 8.1 0.3 11.5 0.6 13.1

Shallow draft ........................................ 12.8 0.1 9.4 0.3 13.2 0.6 40.3

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 23.8 – 22.9 0.1 15.3

Deep draft .......................................... 17.5 – 12.3 – 23.9 0.2 12.0

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.2 10.4 – 9.6 – 2.2

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 0.2 6.5 0.4 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ................................... 1.8 0.3 5.3 0.2 5.1 0.8 2.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.3 2.6 – 3.0 – 2.4

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 0.1 6.2 0.1 5.0 0.3 6.3

Truck and water ......................................... 12.5 0.1 15.3 0.2 15.6 0.5 9.0

Rail and water .......................................... 19.2 – 26.9 0.1 27.6 0.4 13.1

Other multiple modes .................................... 13.3 0.1 8.7 0.1 11.4 0.2 14.0

Other and unknown modes ......................... 7.8 0.2 14.0 0.3 9.2 0.1 13.0

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3

 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-5 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-1b. 

Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the 

United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Mode of transportation

Value— 

standard error

Tons— 

standard error 

Ton-miles1

—

standard error

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

Total ...................................... – – – – – –

Single modes ................................... 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.3

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) – – – 0.1 0.1

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – 0.3 0.2 0.4

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 – – – –

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 (S) (S)

Multiple modes .................................. 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 – – – –

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 – 0.3 0.1

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.2 – 0.5 0.2

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.1 – 0.2 0.1

Other and unknown modes ........................ 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3

 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Notes:

The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found 

at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
B-6 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-1c.

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for 

the United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

Mode of transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per shipment

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 change

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.9 4.4

 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.4 2.4 1.5 2.1 2.7 4.2 3.1 5.1 4.3 7.0 8.0

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.4 2.5 1.3 2.6 3.2 1.4 2.8 3.4 4.5 3.7 7.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.3 3.6 1.8 3.6 4.5 1.7 3.1 3.9 5.2 2.6 6.7

Private truck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.6 2.9 1.9 3.4 4.4 1.7 3.9 4.2 3.6 4.2 4.9

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.0 12.8 6.2 5.7 8.3 8.7 6.7 11.4 4.6 6.7 7.3

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.0 6.4 16.7 8.1 6.8 6.3 11.5 7.4 7.7 13.1 16.5 19.3

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 8.6 24.8 9.4 7.9 9.2 13.2 10.3 9.3 40.3 15.2 13.8

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 29.1 (S) 23.8 22.3 14.9 22.9 24.5 16.5 15.3 15.0 41.6

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.5 15.4 17.6 12.3 18.0 5.0 23.9 19.2 18.1 12.0 28.6 43.1

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 11.6 13.5 10.4 11.6 15.0 9.6 15.5 14.1 2.2 4.2 3.2

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.4 (S) 6.5 6.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

 Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.3 6.5 5.3 10.0 29.9 5.1 16.5 31.9 2.3 2.2 3.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . 2.1 3.3 6.2 2.6 4.4 6.8 3.0 4.2 7.6 2.4 2.3 3.6

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 13.2 38.3 6.2 12.3 72.0 5.0 7.1 37.7 6.3 3.1 5.0

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 26.4 118.2 15.3 16.6 139.9 15.6 18.5 72.8 9.0 9.4 9.5

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.2 16.6 104.9 26.9 23.0 18.5 27.6 35.1 18.4 13.1 21.0 49.9

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 31.8 409.9 8.7 30.7 183.5 11.4 25.2 93.2 14.0 (S) (S)

 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . 7.8 3.0 8.8 14.0 12.6 14.0 9.2 9.7 10.3 13.0 13.0 16.4

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-7 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-2a. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

Mode of transportation

Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of variation 

of number

Coefficient of variation

of number

Standard error of 

percentage

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 2.5

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 4.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 2.0 4.6

Shallow draft .................................................................................. 10.0 0.8 9.9

Great Lakes ................................................................................... 27.9 0.3 9.2

Deep draft .................................................................................... 17.1 0.4 6.9

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 – 2.5

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 2.3

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 0.1 12.7

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3

 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table B-2b. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the 

United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Mode of transportation

Ton-miles1 Average miles per shipment

Coefficient of variation of number

Standard error of 

percentage change

Coefficient of variation of number

Standard error of 

2007 2002 2007 2002 percentage change

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.8 4.3

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.8 3.3 4.4 3.6 6.9

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.6 12.1 4.6 6.1 7.3

Shallow draft ........................................... 10.0 9.4 11.1 9.9 13.1 7.8

Great Lakes ............................................ 27.9 18.1 20.7 9.2 16.0 22.2

Deep draft ............................................. 17.1 17.3 29.9 6.9 11.1 12.5

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 15.7 14.4 2.5 4.3 2.9

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.2 7.6 2.3 2.3 3.6

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.7 10.3 12.7 13.0 15.7

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3

 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-8 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-2c.

Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the 

United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Mode of transportation

Ton-miles1

—

standard error

2007 2002

Total ............................................................................................. – –

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.5

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.6

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4

Air (includes truck and air) ....................................................................................... – –

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S)

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .............................................................................. – –

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3

 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Notes:

The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found 

at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-9 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-3a. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

Distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

Coefficient of 

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 –

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.4 2.1 0.7 2.6 0.2

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 0.1 3.2 0.4 3.5 0.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.2 3.2 0.4 4.3 0.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.2 3.4 0.3 3.3 0.7

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 0.1 3.5 0.1 3.6 0.4

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.1 9.7 0.3 9.7 1.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 0.1 7.6 0.2 7.4 0.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.2 5.1 – 4.4 0.3

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.2 5.6 – 6.8 0.3

– Estimate equal to zero.

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table B-3b. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the 

United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value Tons Ton-miles2

Coefficient of variation of number Standard error 

of percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation of number Standard error 

of percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation of number Standard error 

of percentage 

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 change

Total .............. 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.4 3.0 2.1 3.2 4.2 2.6 3.9 5.8

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.8 3.5 3.2 5.8 7.1 3.5 5.8 7.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 2.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 4.6 4.3 2.8 5.9

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.3 3.8 3.4 3.2 4.6 3.3 3.9 5.1

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.4 4.5 3.5 3.1 4.8 3.6 3.6 5.4

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.0 6.2 9.7 6.2 13.3 9.7 6.4 13.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.3 5.9 7.6 11.2 12.7 7.4 12.0 13.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.8 10.3 5.1 6.9 8.2 4.4 7.0 7.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.3 9.5 5.6 3.9 8.1 6.8 4.3 10.2

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-10 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-3c. 

Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the 

United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

standard error

Tons— 

standard error

Ton-miles2

—

standard error

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – –

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.2

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 – – 0.3 0.4

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 – – 0.3 0.2

– Estimate equal to zero.

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Notes:

The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found 

at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-11 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-4a. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

Shipment weight

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.3 2.1 – 3.4 – 2.6

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.1 2.0 – 3.9 – 3.0

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.2 1.4 – 3.4 – 2.7

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 – 1.3 – 2.4 – 2.6

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 0.1 1.7 – 5.5 – 4.8

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.4 1.1 0.1 1.7 0.2 1.7

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.5 1.8 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.5

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.2 2.2 0.5 3.1 0.2 3.0

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 0.4 3.3 0.6 5.9 1.3 2.9

– Estimate equal to zero.

1

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table B-4b. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the 

United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Shipment weight

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per shipment

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

change

Coefficient of variation 

of number Standard 

error of 

percentage 

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 change

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.9 4.4

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.5 4.7 2.1 2.7 4.5 3.4 3.5 7.4 2.6 2.8 4.2

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 5.6 8.1 2.0 4.7 5.9 3.9 6.8 10.3 3.0 5.4 7.0

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.0 4.7 1.4 3.4 4.1 3.4 2.6 5.1 2.7 3.5 4.8

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.3 4.8 1.3 3.3 4.2 2.4 2.8 4.3 2.6 3.3 4.2

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.8 6.1 1.7 4.6 6.0 5.5 2.6 7.6 4.8 4.4 6.5

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.6 4.3 1.1 1.9 2.5 1.7 3.7 4.4 1.7 2.8 3.0

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.7 3.2 1.8 3.3 4.4 1.2 2.1 2.7 1.5 2.7 3.0

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.6 8.5 2.2 3.8 4.8 3.1 4.6 6.2 3.0 4.5 5.5

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.5 14.3 3.3 3.4 4.4 5.9 6.2 8.7 2.9 3.2 5.4

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-12 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-4c. 

Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the 

United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

Shipment weight

Value— 

standard error

Tons— 

standard error

Ton-miles1

—

standard error

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – –

Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 – – – –

50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 – – – –

100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 – – – –

500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.1 – – – –

750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – – – – –

1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2

10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9

50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3

100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.3

– Estimate equal to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Notes:

The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found 

at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-13 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-5a. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5

01 Live animals and live fish ................................. 25.3 – 20.4 – 39.1 0.1 15.0

02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 6.3 0.3 11.3 0.6 12.0

03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 0.1 4.0 0.1 6.0 0.2 14.4

04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 0.1 6.4 0.1 9.2 0.2 13.2

05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.1 4.0 – 8.3 0.1 12.9

06 Milled grain products and preparations, and bakery products . . . . . 4.9 0.1 4.6 0.1 5.6 0.1 16.0

07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.1 3.1 0.1 4.7 0.3 13.0

08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.5 – 6.2 0.1 14.9

09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 0.1 26.9 – 10.4 – 13.8

10 Monumental or building stone ............................. 14.5 – 20.5 – 13.1 – 13.3

11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 8.3 0.3 15.7 0.2 10.7

12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 – 2.9 0.4 10.5 0.5 3.7

13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 6.1 0.1 8.3 0.1 16.6

14 Metallic ores and concentrates ............................ 15.8 – 17.4 0.1 29.4 0.4 9.4

15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 7.6 0.7 12.2 2.1 8.8

17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.2 4.3 0.4 9.7 0.2 6.5

18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 4.1 0.2 7.4 0.1 9.2

19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 0.1 4.0 0.2 7.6 0.3 12.9

20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.1 7.0 0.2 10.7 0.5 10.9

21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.4 11.0 – 8.6 – 6.6

22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 10.3 0.1 14.9 0.3 9.5

23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 0.2 4.9 – 5.8 0.1 7.2

24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.1 4.0 0.1 4.9 0.2 8.5

25 Logs and other wood in the rough .......................... 13.1 – 21.0 0.2 13.9 0.1 44.2

26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 – 2.7 0.1 4.2 0.1 10.9

27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.6 – 5.8 0.1 14.6

28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 5.7 – 7.8 0.1 13.5

29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 0.1 5.0 – 6.8 0.1 8.7

30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 0.2 5.5 – 13.7 0.1 3.2

31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 4.1 0.3 6.8 0.2 10.1

32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic

 shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.1 3.8 0.1 6.2 0.3 10.7

33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.1 5.2 0.1 4.1 0.1 8.5

34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 0.2 3.0 – 5.9 0.1 5.4

35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and

 office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.2 4.6 – 5.7 0.1 3.5

36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 0.4 5.2 – 5.0 0.1 6.9

37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c ........................... 10.6 0.1 18.1 – 12.1 – 3.9

38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 0.1 31.1 – 20.0 – 4.3

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting

 fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 6.2 – 7.4 – 5.3

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.1 6.3 0.1 5.0 0.1 2.4

41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 23.1 0.5 18.3 0.3 23.2

43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.2 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.1 4.7

99 Commodity unknown .................................... 16.2 – (S) – 26.0 – 18.7

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-14 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-5b. 

Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the 

United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value— 

standard error

Tons— 

standard error

Ton-miles1

—

standard error

2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – (Z) – 0.1 –

02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.6 4.1 4.8 6.1 8.4

03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.5

04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6

05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.3

06 Milled grain products and preparations, and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.6

07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 5.1 5.1

08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8

09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 (Z) – (Z) –

10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) – 0.2 0.2 0.1 –

11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 3.7 4.1 1.2 1.0

12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 16.3 16.0 4.4 3.4

13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.8

14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.2 2.0

15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 11.3 10.6 25.0 21.9

17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.3 7.6 9.1 2.1 3.7

18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.4 5.1 4.7 1.6 1.8

19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.0 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.0

20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.8 3.3 3.0 5.1 3.7

21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4

22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.3 1.8 2.8

23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.7 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.7

24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 1.5 1.2 3.1 2.6

25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.9 (S) 0.3 0.2

26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.8

27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5

28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7

29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5

30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 5.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.8 9.2 8.3 3.4 4.3

32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . 4.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.9 3.9

33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4

34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1

35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office

 equipment 9.0 10.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0

36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.9

37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3

38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.7 (Z) 0.2 0.1 0.1

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and

 illuminated signs 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.6 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1

41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.5 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.5

43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 10.0 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.7

99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0.3

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

(Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded down to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Notes:

The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found 

at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero 

and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal or round to zero.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-15 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-5c. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the 

United States: 2007 and 2002

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1

Average 

miles per 

shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of variation of 

number

Standard 

error of 

percentage

Coefficient of variation of 

number

Standard 

error of 

percentage

Coefficient of variation of 

number

Standard 

error of 

percentage

2007 2002 2007 2007 2002 2007 2007 2002 2007

 Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4 4.4

01 Live animals and live fish ................... 25.3 21.1 (S) 20.4 24.5 (S) 39.1 26.0 117.0 32.9

02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.1 15.3 6.3 7.5 9.0 11.3 18.1 16.4 16.3

03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 10.4 13.2 4.0 7.8 7.1 6.0 7.4 7.7 13.9

04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, 

 n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 9.6 20.1 6.4 14.1 16.7 9.2 10.0 20.1 84.0

05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . 3.7 4.2 7.6 4.0 4.6 7.0 8.3 6.5 12.1 30.5

06 Milled grain products and preparations, and

 bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 8.2 12.0 4.6 7.2 9.4 5.6 6.8 9.1 53.3

07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . 2.4 4.4 6.8 3.1 5.2 6.3 4.7 6.3 8.4 32.8

08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.1 10.3 3.5 5.8 8.4 6.2 12.8 20.0 22.8

09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 14.4 (S) 26.9 29.9 (S) 10.4 36.3 15.0 31.8

10 Monumental or building stone ............... 14.5 29.1 (S) 20.5 29.9 (S) 13.1 22.1 50.9 15.6

11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.8 18.3 8.3 9.1 12.0 15.7 11.8 27.1 18.5

12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 6.7 12.2 2.9 9.0 10.3 10.5 10.5 20.7 10.6

13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.5 21.2 6.1 11.9 19.7 8.3 18.7 18.8 27.7

14 Metallic ores and concentrates .............. 15.8 14.0 49.8 17.4 12.4 16.6 29.4 18.1 21.0 13.0

15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.0 17.9 7.6 8.8 13.2 12.2 16.8 25.0 10.7

17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 14.9 4.3 5.0 6.0 9.7 9.8 8.1 10.0

18 Fuel oils 3.5 6.0 (S) 4.1 6.0 (S) 7.4 10.1 12.4 16.3

19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.5 28.1 4.0 10.2 14.2 7.6 11.1 18.4 30.3

20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.7 17.6 7.0 12.6 17.1 10.7 10.8 22.7 19.3

21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 9.5 18.5 11.0 16.7 15.6 8.6 21.0 16.2 8.0

22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 16.9 24.5 10.3 30.2 (S) 14.9 24.7 19.3 32.6

23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c . . . . . 5.9 5.0 11.3 4.9 5.1 8.3 5.8 7.9 10.7 16.9

24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.6 6.5 4.0 4.0 7.6 4.9 5.2 9.3 13.6

25 Logs and other wood in the rough ............ 13.1 24.2 33.9 21.0 (S) (S) 13.9 34.4 53.2 (S)

26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 8.4 10.3 2.7 9.2 9.0 4.2 11.7 10.4 20.5

27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . 3.8 5.2 7.9 3.6 6.2 7.5 5.8 7.4 9.8 25.8

28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.0 5.7 5.7 5.2 9.1 7.8 8.5 14.1 30.0

29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.6 12.4 5.0 8.1 14.3 6.8 8.5 14.4 6.8

30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or

 leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.4 8.2 5.5 7.5 8.5 13.7 10.5 16.8 4.6

31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 7.0 9.6 4.1 9.0 11.8 6.8 11.9 11.6 17.4

32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms 

 and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 5.0 11.2 3.8 6.3 8.2 6.2 6.0 9.2 19.7

33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.9 7.8 5.2 9.5 12.3 4.1 7.0 9.9 14.6

34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.7 8.7 3.0 7.7 8.7 5.9 9.0 11.5 11.3

35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and 

 components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.6 7.3 4.6 9.7 10.3 5.7 11.9 13.8 6.9

36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . 5.6 8.3 12.1 5.2 7.6 9.2 5.0 10.1 12.3 17.5

37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c ............. 10.6 23.3 28.5 18.1 40.9 16.6 12.1 41.7 18.3 5.3

38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.9 12.3 31.1 18.3 11.1 20.0 12.6 21.1 9.9

39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, 

 lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . 4.5 6.2 8.3 6.2 11.8 10.9 7.4 6.4 10.7 12.1

40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . 1.9 5.4 7.3 6.3 10.5 14.2 5.0 7.7 11.1 5.0

41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 14.4 36.2 23.1 16.8 40.3 18.3 25.8 44.3 23.3

43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.6 4.6 2.9 5.6 6.3 3.0 5.0 6.2 10.3

99 Commodity unknown ...................... 16.2 9.9 1.6 (S) 22.3 (S) 26.0 41.7 0.8 20.7

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-16 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-6. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for 

the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5

010 Live animals and live fish .............................. 25.3 – 20.4 – 39.1 0.1 15.0

021 Wheat ............................................ 11.5 – 12.7 0.1 18.4 0.3 16.7

022 Corn, except sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 6.6 0.2 12.2 0.5 15.0

029 Other cereal grains .................................. 20.2 – 24.0 0.1 39.0 0.2 24.5

031 Fresh or chilled potatoes (Irish potatoes), except sweet ...... 16.7 – 17.3 – 25.0 0.1 27.1

032 Fresh or chilled edible vegetables, except potatoes 

(Irish potatoes), and dried vegetables.................. 10.1 – 9.4 – 14.7 0.1 19.2

033 Fresh, chilled, or dried edible fruit and nuts ............... 12.4 – 11.6 – 14.5 0.1 16.7

034 Soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 – 6.6 0.1 10.1 0.1 17.4

035 Oil seeds and nuts, except olives and soy beans ........... 17.6 – 22.3 – 22.5 – 13.0

036 Bulbs, live plants, and seeds for sowing, n.e.c ............. 14.7 – 19.6 – 21.8 – 11.4

039 Fresh-cut flowers, plants, and parts of plants, and other 

agricultural products, except forage products and cereal 

straw or husks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 – 14.7 – 18.3 – 28.0

041 Cereal straw or husks, forage products, residues and waste 

from the food industries used in animal feeding, and eggs 

and other products of animal origin, n.e.c . ............. 12.4 – 9.6 0.1 13.3 0.2 13.1

042 Animal feed preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 – 9.1 0.1 15.1 0.2 13.5

051 Meat including poultry, except preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 0.1 4.6 – 9.6 0.1 14.0

052 Fish, except live, and seafood, except preparations . . . . . . . . . 5.7 – 7.2 – 8.5 – 17.4

053 Preparations, extracts, and juices of meat, fish, or 

seafood ......................................... 11.0 – 19.1 – 26.6 – 27.2

061 Wheat flour, groats, and meal .......................... 14.2 – 16.4 – 18.5 – 19.6

062 Malt, starches, inulin, wheat gluten, and milled or otherwise 

worked grains, except wheat flour, groats, and meal ...... 13.6 – 10.9 – 15.4 0.1 16.3

063 Food preparations of cereals, flour, starch, or milk . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 – 5.6 – 7.5 – 14.9

064 Bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 6.5 – 11.3 0.1 19.2

071 Dairy products, except chocolate milk, eggnog, and food 

preparations of milk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 – 9.2 0.1 4.5 0.1 14.4

072 Processed or prepared vegetables, fruit, or nuts, except dried 

or milled, and juices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 – 6.6 – 11.9 0.2 12.6

073 Coffee, tea, and spices, except unprocessed coffee and 

unfermented tea .................................. 12.8 – 12.0 – 11.8 – 12.0

074 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products, 

prepared edible fats, animal or vegetable waxes, and flours 

and meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 – 8.1 – 8.2 0.1 20.0

075 Cane, beet, and other sugars in solid form, sugar syrups not 

containing added flavoring or coloring matter, and 

molasses........................................ 14.0 – 20.1 0.1 10.4 0.1 18.5

076 Confectionery, cocoa, and cocoa preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 9.9 – 10.7 – 10.2

077 Edible preparations, n.e.c. and vinegar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 7.1 – 7.3 0.1 12.1

078 Nonalcoholic beverages, n.e.c. and ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 5.6 0.1 9.8 0.1 10.0

081 Malt beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 – 4.5 – 11.1 0.1 3.4

082 Wine and other fermented beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 – 12.3 – 16.0 – 24.0

083 Spirituous beverages and ethyl alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 9.1 – 14.2 – 10.9

– Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 0.1 26.9 – 10.4 – 13.8

100 Monumental or building stone, except dolomite ............ 14.5 – 20.5 – 13.1 – 13.3

110 Natural sands, except metal-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 8.3 0.3 15.7 0.2 10.7

120 Gravel and crushed stone, except dolomite and slate . . . . . . . . 3.2 – 2.9 0.4 10.5 0.5 3.7

131 Salt .............................................. 16.2 – 17.3 0.1 16.4 0.1 21.9

132 Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminum-calcium 

phosphates, and phosphatic chalk .................... 32.7 – 39.9 0.1 31.1 – 24.7

133 Dolomite .......................................... 14.4 – 16.3 0.1 26.4 – 17.0

139 Other nonmetallic minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 – 12.2 0.1 10.8 0.1 16.0

141 Iron ores and concentrates ............................ 14.7 – 20.7 0.1 39.5 0.4 45.6

149 Other metallic ores and concentrates .................... 18.3 – 13.2 – 15.2 – 8.2

151 Nonagglomerated bituminous coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 – 8.4 0.7 12.2 2.1 9.8

159 Other coal ......................................... 22.0 – 26.2 0.2 23.5 – 41.8

171 Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.2 4.8 0.3 9.8 0.2 6.6

172 Aviation turbine fuel (types A and B) ..................... 11.2 – 10.8 0.1 21.8 – 14.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-17 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-6. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for 

the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

180 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 4.1 0.2 7.4 0.1 9.2

191 Lubricating oils and greases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 0.1 11.2 0.1 16.0 0.1 15.4

192 Refined petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous 

minerals, n.e.c. ................................... 10.3 – 11.5 0.1 28.3 0.3 20.2

193 Gaseous hydrocarbons ............................... 11.0 0.1 12.1 0.1 22.1 0.1 10.1

199 Other products of petroleum refining, and coal products ...... 10.1 – 7.8 0.2 9.4 0.1 8.1

201 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide 

(caustic potash). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 – 7.4 – 13.1 – 18.3

202 Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 10.5 0.2 16.9 0.5 10.4

203 Cyclic hydrocarbons ................................. 14.2 – 17.7 – 21.2 – 13.3

204 Phenols, phenol-alcohols, aldehydes, cyclic polymers of 

aldehydes, paraformaldehyde, ketones, quinones, organic 

acids, and acyclic alcohols .......................... 15.6 – 12.6 – 14.2 0.1 8.5

205 Organic chemicals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 0.1 12.5 0.1 16.9 0.2 10.6

210 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.4 11.0 – 8.6 – 6.6

220 Fertilizers and fertilizer materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 10.3 0.1 14.9 0.3 9.5

231 Paints and varnishes, tanning or dyeing extracts, tannins and 

their derivatives, dyes, putty and other mastics, inks, and 

coloring matter, except pigments and synthetic organic dyes, 

lakes, and toners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 – 7.3 – 13.6 0.1 14.2

232 Essential oils and resinoids, and perfumery, cosmetic, or toilet 

preparations ..................................... 10.9 0.1 11.7 – 12.3 – 7.3

233 Soap, organic surface-active agents, cleaning preparations, 

polishes and creams, and scouring preparations ......... 11.7 0.1 8.4 – 12.7 0.1 8.0

234 Photographic film, plates, paper, paperboard, or textiles, and 

chemical preparations for photographic use ............. 23.1 – 19.3 – 27.4 – 15.8

235 Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, antisprouting 

products, plant-growth regulators, disinfectants, and similar 

products, in packages for retail sale or as preparations or 

articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 – 15.3 – 20.5 – 14.1

239 Other chemical products and preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 8.1 – 8.6 – 9.0

241 Plastics in primary forms, rubber in primary forms or sheets, 

and unvulcanized compounded rubber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 0.1 8.0 – 9.9 0.1 10.4

242 Manmade fibers and plastics basic shapes and articles . . . . . . 2.2 0.1 3.4 – 3.8 0.1 6.8

243 Rubber articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 0.1 8.4 – 12.6 0.1 15.0

250 Logs and other wood in the rough ....................... 13.1 – 21.0 0.2 13.9 0.1 44.2

261 Wood chips or particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 – 9.4 0.1 8.6 – 8.7

262 Lumber, wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or 

faces, and shingles and shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 – 3.5 – 6.2 0.1 17.7

263 Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood, particle board, 

fiberboard, plywood, veneered panels, and similar boards of 

ligneous material or laminated wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 – 4.5 – 7.1 0.1 9.8

264 Builders’ joinery and carpentry of wood, except shingles and 

shakes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 4.4 – 10.2 – 10.8

269 Other wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 – 9.4 – 15.5 – 12.4

271 Pulp of fibrous cellulosic materials ...................... 13.8 – 15.9 – 35.8 0.1 13.7

272 Newsprint in large rolls or sheets ....................... 11.6 – 10.8 – 16.2 – 27.6

273 Uncoated paper and paperboard in large rolls or sheets . . . . . 5.6 – 5.3 – 6.0 0.1 24.3

274 Coated, impregnated, treated, or worked paper and 

paperboard, in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 7.6 – 9.8 0.1 7.5

280 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 5.7 – 7.8 0.1 13.5

291 Printed books, brochures, leaflets, and similar printed 

products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 0.1 10.1 – 13.9 – 4.1

292 Newspapers, journals, and periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 8.3 – 15.4 – 30.8

293 Advertising material, commercial or trade catalogues, and 

similar printed products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 – 9.6 – 10.6 – 5.5

299 Other printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 – 14.9 – 16.1 – 6.8

301 Textile fibers, yarns, and broadwoven or knitted fabrics, except 

coated or treated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 – 8.0 – 11.8 – 5.1

302 Textile clothing and accessories, and headgear, except 

safety .......................................... 10.5 0.2 16.6 – 32.5 0.1 3.7

303 Textiles and textile articles, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 7.3 – 17.4 – 3.3

304 Footwear .......................................... 22.5 0.1 31.1 – 31.9 – 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.
B-18 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-6. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for 

the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

305 Leather and articles, luggage of related materials, and dressed 

furskins and articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 – 12.0 – 13.1 – 4.7

311 Hydraulic cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 – 10.0 0.2 12.8 0.1 5.9

312 Ceramic products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 – 12.6 – 17.8 0.1 7.6

313 Glass and glass products ............................. 10.7 – 5.6 – 6.1 – 9.4

319 Other nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 – 4.8 0.3 7.9 0.1 7.6

321 Iron and steel in primary forms, in semifinished forms, or in 

powders or granules, and ferroalloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 – 11.3 – 10.7 – 13.7

322 Flat-rolled products of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 0.1 6.2 0.1 9.8 0.2 9.1

323 Bars, rods, angles, shapes, sections, and wire, of iron or 

steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 7.5 0.1 9.6 0.1 16.3

324 Nonferrous metal, except precious, in unwrought forms, in 

finished basic shapes, or in powders or granules . . . . . . . . . 8.4 0.1 8.4 – 15.3 0.1 8.0

331 Pipes, tubes, and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 0.1 9.4 – 10.2 0.1 9.2

332 Structures and parts, except prefabricated buildings . . . . . . . . 4.4 – 5.5 – 6.2 – 6.1

333 Handtools, cutlery, except of precious metals, interchangeable

 tools for hand- or machine-tools, hardware, and industrial

 fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 – 6.5 – 7.0 – 9.9

339 Other articles of metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 – 10.8 – 6.2 – 10.3

341 Internal-combustion piston engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 0.1 7.6 – 7.7 – 9.0

342 Turbines, boilers, nuclear reactors, and nonelectric engines

 and motors, except internal-combustion piston engines ..... 22.3 0.1 14.2 – 17.6 – 7.0

343 Pumps, compressors, and fans, and ventilating or recycling 

hoods incorporating a fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 – 7.2 – 8.4 – 8.5

344 Air-conditioning, refrigerating, or freezing equipment . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 10.7 – 14.3 – 12.0

345 Materials-handling, excavating, boring, and related machinery 

and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 – 10.1 – 16.9 0.1 10.6

349 Other machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 5.2 – 5.2 – 5.7

351 Electric motors, generators, generating sets, rotary converters, 

transformers, static converters, and inductors ........... 10.8 – 20.2 – 8.7 – 5.5

352 Electric cooking appliances and other electrothermic or 

electromechanical domestic appliances ................ 13.6 – 16.1 – 17.5 – 7.0

353 Line telephone or telegraph apparatus ................... 15.3 – 14.3 – 16.2 – 6.8

354 Electronic entertainment products, except parts ............ 11.8 0.1 16.0 – 21.1 – 4.9

355 Computer and office equipment ........................ 10.2 0.2 19.2 – 14.3 – 4.8

356 Prepared unrecorded or prerecorded media ............... 11.3 0.1 15.9 – 34.4 – 2.5

357 Transmission apparatus for radio or television broadcasting, 

radio transmission and reception apparatus, radar 

apparatus, radio navigational-aid apparatus, and radio 

remote-control apparatus, except radio broadcast receivers 

and parts........................................ 15.9 0.1 21.1 – 20.4 – 4.9

358 Electronic components and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 0.1 6.0 – 7.6 – 4.1

359 Other electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.1 4.8 – 6.9 – 7.5

361 Motor vehicles for the transport of less than 10 people, except 

motorcycles, armored fighting vehicles, snowmobiles, golf 

carts and similar vehicles, and parts................... 15.0 0.4 14.1 – 14.7 0.1 10.4

362 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and road tractors for 

semitrailers, except parts ........................... 10.7 – 11.0 – 14.6 – 18.7

363 Other vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.1 8.0 – 7.6 – 8.7

364 Parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except motorcycles 

and armored fighting vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.2 7.7 – 11.1 0.1 8.4

371 Locomotives and rolling stock, railway track fixtures and 

fittings, mechanical or electromechanical traffic-signalling 

equipment, and intermodal containers ................. 15.9 – 24.4 – 20.5 – 7.0

372 Aircraft and spacecraft ................................ 12.9 0.1 25.4 – 20.3 – 4.2

373 Ships, boats, and floating structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 – 13.4 – 8.6 – 13.1

381 Optical elements, instruments, and apparatus, except 

photographic and photocopying equipment and optical 

instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking ..... 10.6 – 29.8 – 16.3 – 8.9

382 Photographic and photocopying machines ................ 13.8 – 17.1 – 13.9 – 9.8

383 Surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, 

geophysical, drawing, or length-measuring instruments and 

appliances, and navigational and meteorological instruments 

and appliances, except radar and other radio-type 

apparatus ....................................... 13.2 – 24.6 – 31.8 – 9.6

384 Instruments, apparatus, and appliances for medical, surgical, 

dental, or veterinary sciences, or for similar purposes . . . . . 6.3 0.1 34.2 – 16.6 – 3.3

385 Meters and other instruments and apparatus for measuring, 

checking, testing, or controlling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 44.5 – 35.2 – 5.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-19 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-6. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for 

the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG 

code Commodity description

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles 

per shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

Coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Standard error 

of percentage

390 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting 

fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 6.2 – 7.4 – 5.3

401 Arms and ammunition ................................ 22.6 – 17.9 – 20.3 – 4.1

402 Toys, games, and sporting equipment .................... 11.4 0.1 16.2 – 14.8 – 4.0

409 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 0.1 6.9 0.1 5.5 0.1 2.2

411 Metallic waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 0.1 24.3 0.3 9.9 0.1 13.8

412 Nonmetallic waste and scrap, except from food processing . . . 20.1 – 36.6 0.3 33.3 0.3 24.2

439 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.2 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.1 4.7

999 Commodity unknown ................................. 16.2 – 21.6 – 26.0 – 18.7

– Estimate equal to zero.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-20 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

All Commodities

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.4 1.5 0.4 4.2 0.8 4.3

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.3 4.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.7 1.0 5.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.3 1.9 0.5 1.7 0.3 3.6

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 0.2 6.2 0.8 8.7 2.1 4.6

Water ................................... 11.0 0.1 8.1 0.3 11.5 0.6 13.1

Shallow draft .......................... 12.8 0.1 9.4 0.3 13.2 0.6 40.3

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 23.8 – 22.9 0.1 15.3

Deep draft ............................ 17.5 – 12.3 – 23.9 0.2 12.0

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.2 10.4 – 9.6 – 2.2

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 0.2 6.5 0.4 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.3 5.3 0.2 5.1 0.8 2.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.3 2.6 – 3.0 – 2.4

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 0.1 6.2 0.1 5.0 0.3 6.3

Truck and water ........................... 12.5 0.1 15.3 0.2 15.6 0.5 9.0

Rail and water ............................ 19.2 – 26.9 0.1 27.6 0.4 13.1

Other multiple modes ...................... 13.3 0.1 8.7 0.1 11.4 0.2 14.0

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 0.2 14.0 0.3 9.2 0.1 13.0

SCTG 01, Live Animals and Live Fish

Total2

 ........................ 25.3 – 20.4 – 39.1 – 15.0

Single modes ...................... 25.6 2.0 20.2 0.5 39.2 3.4 27.6

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 3.2 20.3 0.9 39.6 4.4 32.5

For-hire truck .......................... 32.0 7.4 24.9 6.7 42.4 8.4 13.6

Private truck ........................... 19.6 6.7 19.9 6.6 44.5 6.3 (S)

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water ................................... – – – – – – –

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.7

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 35.8 0.5 49.3 7.1 14.6

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 35.8 0.5 49.3 7.1 14.6

Truck and rail ............................. – – – – – – –

Truck and water ........................... – – – – – – –

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-21 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 02, Cereal Grains

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 6.3 – 11.3 – 12.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 1.8 6.3 1.6 11.6 2.3 11.9

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 3.3 8.4 3.3 13.7 0.9 11.8

For-hire truck .......................... 11.1 2.0 13.9 2.2 11.6 0.5 9.3

Private truck ........................... 10.8 2.6 11.5 2.7 30.3 0.6 25.6

Rail .................................... 13.5 2.9 12.4 2.9 14.2 4.3 6.4

Water ................................... 12.9 1.3 12.7 1.3 19.0 3.5 5.4

Shallow draft .......................... 14.7 1.4 14.1 1.4 19.0 3.5 5.6

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft ............................ 13.2 4.8 9.3 4.0 (S) (S) 43.2

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 23.9 1.3 23.0 1.3 26.9 2.4 10.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 29.8 – 49.2 – (S) (S) 14.1

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.1

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.1

Rail and water ............................ 49.9 1.5 47.7 1.7 (S) (S) 15.0

Other multiple modes ...................... 22.7 0.8 22.6 0.7 27.5 1.4 12.8

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 49.6

SCTG 03, Other Agricultural Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 – 4.0 – 6.0 – 14.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 1.2 4.8 2.3 5.8 2.8 17.9

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 1.2 5.8 2.5 7.6 2.6 18.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 2.0 5.3 1.2 8.7 2.5 11.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 1.8 7.7 2.2 9.1 0.8 23.8

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 0.4 11.9 0.9 9.6 1.3 10.5

Water ................................... 19.2 0.8 17.2 1.5 15.9 2.3 14.6

Shallow draft .......................... 15.7 0.6 15.2 1.2 14.9 2.2 5.5

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 33.9

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 47.4 0.2 (S) (S) (S) (S) 25.4

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 14.2 0.9 25.8 1.9 19.1 2.7 8.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 18.1 0.4 26.8 – 26.2 – 8.2

Truck and rail ............................. 16.6 0.5 27.5 1.3 21.4 2.2 18.7

Truck and water ........................... 37.1 0.3 43.5 0.8 50.0 1.7 22.9

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 48.3 1.1 30.9 1.5 (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 25.7 0.6 38.4 1.0 39.6 0.2 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-22 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 04, Animal Feed and Products of Animal

 Origin, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 – 6.4 – 9.2 – 13.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 2.4 6.7 1.4 8.5 3.8 5.9

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 2.3 6.9 1.4 9.1 3.0 6.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 1.9 11.2 1.9 12.3 2.5 7.4

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 1.9 6.0 1.9 10.2 1.7 9.5

Rail .................................... 10.8 0.7 10.7 0.9 11.8 2.6 5.9

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 42.8 0.6 30.6

Shallow draft .......................... 29.5 0.1 23.6 0.7 23.7 2.4 –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 35.3

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 47.4 – 24.1 – (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 34.6 2.4 22.2 1.3 29.9 3.8 8.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 41.0 0.4 37.4 – 45.7 – 10.9

Truck and rail ............................. 40.2 2.2 18.7 1.1 32.4 3.6 7.3

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.7

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 48.5 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 41.4 0.5 19.7 0.4 16.9 0.2 29.0

SCTG 05, Meat, Fish, Seafood, and Their

 Preparations

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 – 4.0 – 8.3 – 12.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 0.4 4.1 0.6 3.7 3.4 4.6

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.4 4.2 0.7 3.8 3.7 4.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.0 5.0 1.5 4.3 3.4 4.8

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.0 5.0 1.2 7.2 1.2 5.8

Rail .................................... 23.2 0.1 37.0 0.4 34.0 1.1 22.6

Water ................................... 32.3 0.1 28.7 0.1 44.7 0.4 18.6

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 – 5.5 – (S) (S) 22.1

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 32.2 0.1 27.5 0.1 43.5 0.5 19.0

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 21.4 0.1 20.0 – 27.2 0.1 10.3

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 17.9 0.3 34.0 0.6 (S) (S) 6.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 27.4 0.1 28.1 – 31.4 0.1 7.8

Truck and rail ............................. 19.6 0.1 17.5 0.1 20.8 0.4 (S)

Truck and water ........................... 32.8 0.2 48.4 0.6 (S) (S) 25.6

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 45.6 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 30.9

Other and unknown modes ........... 19.7 0.2 20.9 0.2 17.9 0.1 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-23 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 06, Milled Grain Products and

 Preparations and Bakery Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 – 4.6 – 5.6 – 16.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 1.0 4.6 0.8 6.0 1.2 8.8

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 1.2 5.0 1.5 6.0 2.5 8.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 2.0 6.8 2.2 7.0 2.3 7.6

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.7 6.1 1.8 7.5 1.1 10.2

Rail .................................... 13.2 0.3 12.5 1.1 17.0 2.2 4.9

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 49.1 1.4 (S) (S) 47.4 0.1 39.0

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 49.8 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 26.3

Pipeline4................................. 27.4 0.1 44.8 0.5 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 26.4 1.0 11.2 0.6 9.9 1.2 7.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 35.2 0.7 30.7 0.1 33.9 0.2 7.3

Truck and rail ............................. 20.1 0.4 10.9 0.5 10.6 1.0 6.4

Truck and water ........................... 26.4 – 31.2 0.1 38.6 0.4 38.3

Rail and water ............................ 33.3 – 41.7 – 35.0 0.2 0.8

Other multiple modes ...................... 38.8 0.1 36.4 0.2 14.5 0.1 (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 21.1 0.3 28.7 0.5 24.8 0.3 (S)

SCTG 07, Other Prepared Foodstuffs and Fats

 and Oils

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 – 3.1 – 4.7 – 13.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.2 3.1 0.4 4.5 0.6 5.7

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.2 3.3 0.6 4.2 1.1 4.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 0.8 4.3 1.1 4.8 0.9 5.7

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.9 4.2 1.2 4.2 0.6 2.8

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 0.1 6.9 0.4 8.2 1.0 4.2

Water ................................... 38.2 0.1 46.1 0.3 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 39.3 0.1 43.0 0.6 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 37.0 – 21.2 – 29.3 – (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 42.8 0.1 20.5 – 46.8 – 11.8

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 0.2 7.5 0.2 9.7 0.6 6.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 14.0 0.2 11.5 – 13.4 – 6.4

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 9.0 0.2 11.6 0.6 4.7

Truck and water ........................... 15.5 – 22.3 0.1 23.0 0.3 13.2

Rail and water ............................ 45.6 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 29.7

Other multiple modes ...................... 29.0 – 21.6 – 31.0 0.1 32.1

Other and unknown modes ........... 11.5 0.1 22.7 0.3 18.6 0.2 36.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-24 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 08, Alcoholic Beverages

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.5 – 6.2 – 14.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 0.5 3.6 0.4 6.9 2.4 5.3

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 0.8 3.9 1.1 6.8 3.1 5.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 1.1 6.1 1.3 6.5 2.3 15.6

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.1 4.6 1.6 14.1 1.5 3.4

Rail .................................... 11.6 0.4 13.4 0.8 14.6 2.7 7.7

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 45.4

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 18.1

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 15.7 0.5 11.9 0.4 13.5 2.5 9.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 32.9 0.1 29.3 – 35.9 0.1 10.5

Truck and rail ............................. 17.4 0.5 12.4 0.4 14.3 2.5 8.8

Truck and water ........................... 26.2 – 25.0 – 36.8 0.6 23.1

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 37.7 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 37.4 0.3 28.8 0.2 39.5 0.5 (S)

SCTG 09, Tobacco Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 – 26.9 – 10.4 – 13.8

Single modes ...................... 10.1 1.7 27.4 1.7 11.6 3.2 7.1

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 1.7 27.5 1.7 11.6 3.2 7.2

For-hire truck .......................... 17.6 5.2 48.8 5.3 13.5 4.1 12.5

Private truck ........................... 13.6 5.4 24.5 5.5 17.5 3.7 3.8

Rail .................................... – – – – – – –

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.0

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 39.1 1.7 38.1 1.7 37.4 3.2 9.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 39.5 1.7 38.9 1.7 39.7 3.2 9.2

Truck and rail ............................. – – – – – – –

Truck and water ........................... 45.0 0.2 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes ........... 24.9 0.1 29.6 0.2 38.9 – 39.8

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-25 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 10, Monumental or Building Stone

Total2

 ........................ 14.5 – 20.5 – 13.1 – 13.3

Single modes ...................... 13.9 1.2 21.6 2.8 13.4 1.6 9.7

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 1.2 21.6 2.8 13.4 1.7 9.7

For-hire truck .......................... 18.3 3.1 30.3 5.6 17.2 4.7 21.4

Private truck ........................... 15.3 3.5 21.2 5.4 18.3 4.8 22.9

Rail .................................... 44.8 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.6

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – –

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 31.0 0.3 45.4 0.2 40.9 1.0 22.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 44.7 0.2 39.0 – (S) (S) 20.1

Truck and rail ............................. 26.9 0.2 46.0 0.3 35.1 1.9 26.1

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 48.7 3.5 (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 11, Natural Sands

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 8.3 – 15.7 – 10.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 2.0 9.1 2.1 10.3 5.0 9.2

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 2.4 9.5 2.2 10.8 4.4 8.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 2.4 11.5 2.4 16.5 3.2 11.3

Private truck ........................... 10.6 2.9 12.0 2.8 9.7 2.5 7.1

Rail .................................... 13.4 1.3 19.6 0.5 17.9 2.8 9.4

Water ................................... 29.8 0.2 23.2 0.5 45.3 0.8 33.3

Shallow draft .......................... 35.4 0.2 23.4 0.5 46.6 0.8 47.7

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 30.9

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 33.7 1.9 27.3 1.1 47.8 4.7 9.9

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 31.0 0.1 35.6 – 37.9 – 29.4

Truck and rail ............................. 39.3 1.9 41.7 1.0 (S) (S) 8.4

Truck and water ........................... 43.5 0.2 34.5 0.8 43.4 3.1 40.4

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 21.2 0.5 44.3 1.8 (S) (S) 34.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-26 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 12, Gravel and Crushed Stone

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 – 2.9 – 10.5 – 3.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.6 3.2 0.8 12.4 3.5 3.6

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 1.1 3.4 1.3 18.3 4.4 3.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.5 4.1 1.2 27.0 3.6 6.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.7 4.3 1.3 5.9 2.3 3.8

Rail .................................... 13.4 0.5 16.3 0.6 19.3 3.3 15.7

Water ................................... 25.8 0.3 32.3 0.8 27.6 2.6 21.7

Shallow draft .......................... 36.5 0.3 47.2 0.9 42.6 3.0 22.0

Great Lakes ........................... 23.1 0.2 18.2 0.5 21.0 3.0 9.1

Deep draft ............................ 39.9 0.1 39.3 – 39.1 0.1 4.1

Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – –

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 18.2 0.6 21.2 0.8 29.2 3.6 15.7

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail ............................. 22.0 0.4 20.3 0.3 24.1 1.3 24.3

Truck and water ........................... 35.2 0.4 40.0 0.8 39.3 3.0 21.9

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 40.2 1.4 21.4

Other and unknown modes ........... 17.4 0.3 18.2 0.3 29.5 0.3 36.7

SCTG 13, Nonmetallic Minerals, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 6.1 – 8.3 – 16.6

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 2.2 5.8 1.2 8.6 1.8 10.1

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 2.6 8.1 3.6 8.5 2.8 9.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 2.2 8.3 3.6 9.7 2.5 8.1

Private truck ........................... 10.4 3.0 16.4 4.3 15.4 1.6 14.4

Rail .................................... 14.8 1.6 19.4 2.5 15.4 3.1 6.5

Water ................................... 23.5 0.4 36.6 2.8 39.4 4.4 (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 24.8 0.5 41.3 3.1 42.4 4.9 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.6 5.2 (S) (S) 7.6

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 45.5

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 27.4

Pipeline4................................. 43.4 2.5 45.2 11.5 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 30.8 2.2 21.5 0.9 14.2 1.9 9.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 33.7 0.9 26.8 – 31.9 – 9.4

Truck and rail ............................. 16.3 0.5 20.6 0.6 14.3 1.5 12.9

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 46.1 0.8 21.3

Rail and water ............................ 43.3 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.8

Other multiple modes ...................... 41.1 0.2 46.3 0.7 33.4 1.0 24.4

Other and unknown modes ........... 44.8 0.6 (S) (S) 40.6 0.3 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-27 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 14, Metallic Ores and Concentrates

Total2

 ........................ 15.8 – 17.4 – 29.4 – 9.4

Single modes ...................... 15.2 4.0 21.1 7.2 15.8 9.2 18.0

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 4.2 14.6 4.6 16.1 2.5 19.3

For-hire truck .......................... 15.7 3.8 19.5 3.3 19.1 2.3 9.8

Private truck ........................... 44.7 2.3 25.5 2.4 36.3 0.8 34.9

Rail .................................... 21.0 3.3 24.3 7.0 24.1 5.2 18.7

Water ................................... 44.0 1.3 (S) (S) 23.5 6.7 21.1

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 44.0 1.3 (S) (S) 23.5 6.7 21.1

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.2 – (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 22.0 3.8 41.8 7.2 47.4 9.2 11.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 29.7 0.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) 10.0

Truck and rail ............................. 30.4 3.6 36.9 6.2 29.3 3.0 16.2

Truck and water ........................... 30.8 3.5 42.7 8.9 48.0 10.3 8.8

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 15, Coal

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 7.6 – 12.2 – 8.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 1.8 8.0 2.0 12.8 2.6 8.4

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 1.7 11.3 2.1 18.7 0.5 9.8

For-hire truck .......................... 13.5 1.6 17.5 1.6 24.1 0.5 10.4

Private truck ........................... 15.7 1.2 16.8 1.7 18.3 0.1 18.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 2.6 9.9 2.8 13.1 2.8 11.0

Water ................................... 35.8 2.2 34.7 1.8 36.8 0.7 44.5

Shallow draft .......................... 35.8 2.2 34.7 1.8 36.8 0.7 44.5

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – –

Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – –

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 25.5 1.3 20.8 0.8 23.5 2.8 36.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail ............................. 29.8 0.4 43.2 0.5 29.0 0.2 (S)

Truck and water ........................... 32.0 1.0 32.6 0.5 33.1 0.3 5.9

Rail and water ............................ 45.2 1.0 33.1 0.7 32.4 2.7 (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 33.8 0.9 32.8 0.7 31.2 2.3 23.2

Other and unknown modes ........... 37.8 2.1 32.5 2.5 (S) (S) 36.7

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-28 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 17, Gasoline and Aviation Turbine Fuel

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 – 4.3 – 9.7 – 6.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.5 4.4 0.6 9.0 2.7 5.0

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 1.9 6.2 2.2 6.6 4.1 4.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 2.2 9.0 2.3 9.2 2.8 6.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 1.6 9.0 1.7 9.6 2.1 6.1

Rail .................................... 39.8 0.3 41.1 0.3 (S) (S) 18.4

Water ................................... 26.5 0.8 27.9 0.9 36.6 2.6 18.0

Shallow draft .......................... 27.4 0.6 28.3 0.7 35.9 0.7 (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 26.2 0.4 28.2 0.4 37.5 2.8 17.4

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 6.3

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 2.0 7.3 2.2 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 19.1 0.5 20.7 0.6 24.8 2.7 25.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... – – – – – – –

Truck and rail ............................. 48.6 0.1 43.8 0.1 46.2 0.2 35.0

Truck and water ........................... 23.5 0.4 24.6 0.4 37.2 3.2 (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 21.9 0.5 24.3 0.6 29.9 2.4 (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 30.8 – 31.7 – 32.9 – 26.2

SCTG 18, Fuel Oils

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 – 4.1 – 7.4 – 9.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 1.6 4.6 1.6 9.5 4.1 8.7

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 2.6 5.9 2.8 8.9 4.4 5.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 1.8 8.5 2.0 13.8 2.9 11.8

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 1.8 8.2 2.0 12.8 3.2 5.1

Rail .................................... 23.6 0.2 25.4 0.2 29.4 1.3 (S)

Water ................................... 20.6 2.0 19.5 2.3 33.4 4.2 18.7

Shallow draft .......................... 23.1 1.9 22.1 2.2 27.6 1.6 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft ............................ 28.4 0.5 27.4 0.6 44.9 4.1 15.3

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 35.4

Pipeline4................................. 11.7 2.6 12.2 2.8 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 28.3 1.7 25.3 1.7 24.1 4.0 18.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 48.9 – (S) (S) (S)

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.1

Truck and water ........................... 33.3 1.3 28.0 1.1 29.9 2.7 32.7

Rail and water ............................ 22.0 0.1 44.7 0.1 19.4 0.3 27.3

Other multiple modes ...................... 26.5 0.8 25.8 0.9 25.0 2.2 19.8

Other and unknown modes ........... 17.0 0.1 19.7 0.1 31.3 0.2 24.1

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-29 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 19, Coal and Petroleum Products, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 – 4.0 – 7.6 – 12.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1.6 4.2 1.7 8.6 2.3 7.1

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.1 5.0 1.8 5.5 1.8 7.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 1.7 7.9 2.0 7.1 1.7 10.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 1.6 6.5 1.2 14.0 0.9 7.4

Rail .................................... 18.3 2.0 9.9 1.6 12.1 3.4 6.9

Water ................................... 33.9 1.4 29.4 1.9 37.7 3.6 25.0

Shallow draft .......................... 31.3 1.1 29.4 1.9 (S) (S) 35.6

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 43.4 0.2 (S) (S) 23.0

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 11.5

Pipeline4................................. 15.2 1.9 15.3 1.8 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 14.6 1.2 17.6 0.9 22.6 2.4 10.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 48.9 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 9.8

Truck and rail ............................. 28.2 0.4 28.7 0.2 33.5 0.8 19.7

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 39.7

Rail and water ............................ 34.3 0.8 37.5 0.8 47.0 2.4 33.8

Other multiple modes ...................... 21.5 0.8 21.3 0.6 24.4 1.2 36.2

Other and unknown modes ........... 41.1 0.6 44.2 1.2 27.7 0.1 22.4

SCTG 20, Basic Chemicals

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 7.0 – 10.7 – 10.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 1.2 7.4 1.6 12.0 2.0 9.5

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.1 9.9 3.3 10.2 2.5 10.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 1.9 8.5 1.2 11.7 1.7 4.6

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 1.3 14.9 3.4 18.5 1.6 8.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 1.8 13.1 2.9 16.5 3.4 4.5

Water ................................... 32.0 1.4 24.7 1.7 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 34.0 1.2 28.6 1.4 25.0 0.7 33.8

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 42.8 0.9 (S) (S) 25.0

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 17.2 0.1 42.9 – (S) (S) 15.5

Pipeline4................................. 31.0 2.1 31.3 2.4 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 18.3 1.2 24.3 1.6 17.9 2.0 9.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 12.2 0.3 18.6 – 36.4 – 9.3

Truck and rail ............................. 18.0 0.2 29.4 0.2 28.3 0.8 15.2

Truck and water ........................... 45.7 0.3 (S) (S) 27.6 0.1 17.3

Rail and water ............................ 23.1 0.5 24.0 0.4 33.0 0.8 22.5

Other multiple modes ...................... 40.0 1.1 30.5 1.3 28.7 1.4 46.5

Other and unknown modes ........... 21.9 0.2 25.1 0.2 33.7 0.4 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-30 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 11.0 – 8.6 – 6.6

Single modes ...................... 10.3 3.3 10.2 2.8 6.7 3.0 11.4

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 3.4 10.3 2.9 7.2 2.9 12.9

For-hire truck .......................... 11.6 3.4 7.2 4.1 9.1 3.7 10.3

Private truck ........................... 14.1 1.1 20.9 4.0 19.9 2.3 11.0

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 40.8 – 43.8 0.1 4.2

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 29.2 0.7 26.4 0.2 37.3 1.4 5.7

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 3.2 11.6 1.1 9.9 1.3 6.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 3.2 12.7 1.2 8.5 1.1 6.2

Truck and rail ............................. 20.9 – 36.6 0.2 42.6 1.3 (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 37.9 – 37.4 0.2 (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 41.9 0.5 43.8 3.1 (S) (S) 21.6

SCTG 22, Fertilizers

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 10.3 – 14.9 – 9.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 1.5 11.0 2.0 18.8 4.0 9.4

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 2.1 9.8 2.5 20.9 3.4 10.0

For-hire truck .......................... 13.7 3.0 13.8 2.8 24.4 3.0 12.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 2.7 10.4 2.6 11.3 1.2 7.0

Rail .................................... 23.0 2.6 22.6 2.8 24.7 4.5 3.9

Water ................................... 31.5 0.9 30.9 1.0 43.3 2.6 (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 28.8 1.0 28.1 1.2 41.5 3.1 26.0

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 40.9 – 37.2 – 43.8 – 20.5

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.4

Pipeline4................................. 32.7 1.8 28.2 1.8 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ..................... 16.2 1.4 18.3 1.9 19.0 4.0 11.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 34.0 – 26.7 – 22.7 – 12.9

Truck and rail ............................. 20.5 1.2 18.7 1.3 24.0 3.7 12.1

Truck and water ........................... 27.2 0.3 40.8 0.8 31.6 1.6 11.7

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... 20.5 1.4 23.5 2.1 27.0 3.8 17.9

Other and unknown modes ........... 32.0 0.3 39.4 0.3 (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-31 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 23, Chemical Products and

 Preparations, n.e.c.

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 4.9 – 5.8 – 7.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.8 4.9 0.7 5.5 1.5 9.6

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 0.9 5.0 0.9 5.7 1.6 9.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 1.3 6.4 1.7 6.1 1.6 8.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 1.0 8.2 1.7 7.9 0.6 5.9

Rail .................................... 14.3 0.2 13.3 0.7 15.3 1.3 7.3

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 37.2 – 39.8 – (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 15.9 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 6.6

Pipeline4................................. 31.7 – 44.4 0.2 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 0.8 12.9 0.7 15.0 1.5 7.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.7 11.3 0.1 16.1 0.2 7.2

Truck and rail ............................. 14.4 0.3 16.7 0.4 21.0 1.4 5.2

Truck and water ........................... 35.8 0.1 26.1 – 28.3 0.3 18.3

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 19.7

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 16.9 0.2 19.5 0.2 19.8 0.2 26.9

SCTG 24, Plastics and Rubber

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 – 4.0 – 4.9 – 8.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.4 4.2 0.7 4.6 1.0 7.6

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 1.0 3.4 1.9 3.3 2.2 7.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.2 3.2 1.6 3.5 2.0 6.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 1.0 7.1 1.1 14.1 0.8 4.3

Rail .................................... 13.1 1.0 14.4 1.9 14.9 2.2 7.9

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 33.1 – 26.9

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.9 – (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 41.0 – 45.6 – (S) (S) 30.2

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 16.3 0.1 18.5 – 26.1 – 4.8

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.4 7.3 0.5 9.1 1.0 6.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 0.5 6.9 0.1 8.5 0.2 6.1

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.3 9.7 0.6 10.8 1.2 4.9

Truck and water ........................... 21.8 0.1 30.7 0.1 38.1 0.4 14.2

Rail and water ............................ 32.7 – 28.5 – 28.4 0.1 20.1

Other multiple modes ...................... 32.7 – 29.9 0.1 (S) (S) 27.2

Other and unknown modes ........... 10.6 0.1 26.9 0.6 37.6 0.5 8.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-32 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 25, Logs and Other Wood in the Rough

Total2

 ........................ 13.1 – 21.0 – 13.9 – 44.2

Single modes ...................... 13.0 2.5 21.4 2.4 15.1 5.5 28.5

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 4.3 22.3 3.9 18.8 6.7 30.1

For-hire truck .......................... 18.3 4.6 27.9 6.2 21.8 5.7 27.5

Private truck ........................... 19.9 4.3 34.5 6.6 30.9 5.5 22.5

Rail .................................... 34.3 5.5 36.7 4.2 45.5 7.7 21.3

Water ................................... – – – – – – –

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – –

Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – –

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 33.5 2.6 36.4 2.4 37.6 5.7 17.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 36.4 – (S)

Truck and rail ............................. 37.3 2.5 39.4 1.9 38.6 4.0 18.9

Truck and water ........................... 34.6 1.6 37.3 2.7 (S) (S) 35.3

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ......................

Other and unknown modes ........... 49.8 0.6 29.6 0.5 23.6 0.3 (S)

SCTG 26, Wood Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 – 2.7 – 4.2 – 10.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 0.3 2.6 0.5 3.7 1.2 16.1

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.4 2.6 0.7 3.8 2.0 6.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.0 3.8 1.3 4.6 1.8 5.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 1.0 4.1 1.2 4.0 0.6 3.6

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 0.3 9.6 0.4 9.9 1.4 4.3

Water ................................... 39.2 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.6

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 39.6 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 39.9 – 40.0 – 37.9 – 13.2

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 0.2 15.7 0.4 11.0 1.2 5.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 16.1 0.2 18.4 – 18.4 – 5.3

Truck and rail ............................. 11.1 0.2 10.1 0.2 13.0 1.3 6.1

Truck and water ........................... 14.9 – (S) (S) 31.2 0.6 11.2

Rail and water ............................ 34.7 – 13.0 – 38.1 0.1 34.2

Other multiple modes ...................... 39.8 – 45.3 – (S) (S) 29.5

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 0.2 12.1 0.2 19.5 0.2 23.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-33 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 27, Pulp, Newsprint, Paper, and

 Paperboard

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.6 – 5.8 – 14.6

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 1.5 3.6 1.6 4.4 2.2 8.0

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 1.4 3.9 1.5 4.5 1.9 8.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 1.4 4.3 1.3 4.9 1.7 7.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.1 5.7 0.9 11.2 0.5 5.1

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 0.6 5.0 0.7 6.8 1.2 3.0

Water ................................... 39.7 0.1 42.8 0.1 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 43.3 0.1 46.5 0.2 (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 29.3 – 38.7 – 41.3 – 15.8

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 22.5 1.5 22.3 1.6 21.6 2.2 10.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 15.3 0.2 31.8 0.1 18.8 – 11.2

Truck and rail ............................. 28.3 1.5 24.1 1.7 22.6 2.2 9.6

Truck and water ........................... 33.7 0.1 35.0 0.1 38.5 0.2 35.1

Rail and water ............................ 36.4 0.1 (S) (S) 32.9 0.1 (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 46.1 0.1 (S) (S) 30.2 0.1 25.6

Other and unknown modes ........... 23.6 0.2 20.4 0.1 29.3 0.2 19.4

SCTG 28, Paper or Paperboard Articles

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 5.7 – 7.8 – 13.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.7 5.7 0.3 7.8 0.7 6.8

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.7 5.5 0.8 6.5 1.2 6.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 1.3 4.2 2.2 6.8 1.8 4.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 1.2 10.6 2.1 15.6 1.4 3.1

Rail .................................... 22.4 0.1 36.8 0.6 35.7 1.3 9.0

Water ................................... 36.3 0.2 38.8 0.4 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 15.4 0.7 14.6 1.2 13.6 0.3 1.4

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 38.0 – 38.0 – 32.3 – 25.8

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 10.6 0.7 15.4 0.3 12.2 0.8 10.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 13.4 0.7 18.1 0.2 22.1 0.5 10.3

Truck and rail ............................. 16.9 0.2 22.7 0.3 16.1 0.7 7.1

Truck and water ........................... 29.1 0.1 29.5 – 28.2 0.2 20.7

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 16.7 0.2 16.0 0.1 31.1 0.3 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-34 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 29, Printed Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 – 5.0 – 6.8 – 8.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 1.9 5.3 1.3 7.3 2.3 22.9

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 1.8 5.4 1.3 7.6 2.5 23.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 1.5 7.0 2.0 7.9 2.3 17.7

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 1.4 7.6 2.1 15.5 1.1 19.8

Rail .................................... 25.4 0.1 29.2 0.3 34.3 1.1 21.7

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 24.4 0.1 21.6 0.1 16.4 0.1 7.8

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 1.7 3.7 0.5 5.3 1.0 6.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 1.7 4.2 0.5 5.8 0.9 6.1

Truck and rail ............................. 24.3 0.1 15.3 0.1 15.5 0.4 29.4

Truck and water ........................... 34.5 – 32.9 – (S) (S) 15.4

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 27.3 0.8 33.4 1.3 (S) (S) 19.4

SCTG 30, Textiles, Leather, and Articles of

 Textiles or Leather

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 5.5 – 13.7 – 3.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 1.4 6.1 0.8 15.9 1.5 4.5

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 1.3 5.3 0.9 12.5 1.8 4.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 1.5 8.9 1.9 13.7 1.8 4.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 1.1 6.0 2.2 8.8 0.9 13.3

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.8

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 41.8

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.6 – (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 21.2 0.2 23.0 – 29.9 0.2 7.0

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 1.3 4.5 0.5 6.2 1.4 3.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.3 4.3 0.5 5.8 1.4 3.0

Truck and rail ............................. 41.1 0.1 26.1 0.2 25.5 0.6 15.4

Truck and water ........................... 35.9 0.1 20.2 0.1 29.8 0.5 15.7

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 30.1 – (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 18.7 0.5 20.6 0.7 17.5 0.3 26.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-35 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 31, Nonmetallic Mineral Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 4.1 – 6.8 – 10.1

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.5 4.0 0.3 5.6 1.1 7.8

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.6 4.0 0.4 5.4 1.7 8.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.9 6.8 1.1 7.4 1.6 6.9

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 1.0 4.2 1.2 4.5 1.3 6.0

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 9.9 0.2 13.2 0.9 19.1

Water ................................... 20.8 0.1 23.5 0.1 25.6 0.8 15.1

Shallow draft .......................... 28.4 0.1 28.8 0.2 31.8 1.1 18.1

Great Lakes ........................... 36.8 0.3 36.7 0.6 27.1 2.1 7.8

Deep draft ............................ 23.4 – 21.3 – 24.5 0.1 17.6

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 26.7 0.2 (S) (S) 44.6 0.1 5.9

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 0.4 21.9 0.3 23.5 1.1 5.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 0.4 12.7 – 17.4 0.1 5.2

Truck and rail ............................. 13.5 0.1 27.1 0.2 31.7 1.2 11.6

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 34.1 – 33.4 0.3 20.4

Rail and water ............................ 18.8 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 25.9 0.1 26.0 0.1 30.4 0.6 43.0

Other and unknown modes ........... 11.5 0.3 14.9 0.2 25.3 0.3 20.1

SCTG 32, Base Metal in Primary or

 Semifinished Forms and in Finished Basic

 Shapes

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 – 3.8 – 6.2 – 10.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 0.5 4.0 0.8 5.8 2.0 4.1

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 1.5 3.7 1.2 4.3 2.1 4.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1.3 4.5 1.5 4.7 1.9 2.7

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.0 4.8 1.0 6.3 0.6 3.5

Rail .................................... 20.1 1.3 9.0 0.8 13.1 1.6 7.9

Water ................................... 26.1 0.1 26.8 0.2 27.9 0.4 16.5

Shallow draft .......................... 23.8 0.1 24.4 0.2 25.1 0.5 11.8

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 46.7 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.1

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 18.0 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 7.4

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 10.0 0.6 13.5 0.8 18.5 2.0 7.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 0.2 11.7 – 11.5 – 7.2

Truck and rail ............................. 20.1 0.5 15.1 0.7 20.9 1.6 10.3

Truck and water ........................... 41.4 0.2 47.3 0.5 (S) (S) 13.7

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 25.2 – 31.2 0.1 30.9 0.2 17.9

Other and unknown modes ........... 12.4 0.2 14.1 0.2 20.8 0.2 25.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-36 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 33, Articles of Base Metal

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 – 5.2 – 4.1 – 8.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 0.7 5.6 0.8 3.5 1.7 7.7

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 0.7 5.8 1.1 3.2 2.2 8.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.1 5.3 2.2 2.9 2.2 7.7

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 1.2 11.0 2.1 12.5 1.1 4.8

Rail .................................... 16.7 0.2 21.5 0.8 23.5 1.7 27.9

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.1

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 40.9 0.2 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 24.0

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 – 23.7 – 28.8 0.1 4.6

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 0.6 19.4 0.7 21.0 1.7 7.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.6 6.4 0.1 7.6 0.3 7.3

Truck and rail ............................. 17.5 0.1 29.0 0.5 32.6 1.6 19.5

Truck and water ........................... 30.9 0.1 48.0 0.4 40.6 0.7 15.9

Rail and water ............................ 35.2 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 38.7

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 0.2 12.4 0.2 14.5 0.2 9.8

SCTG 34, Machinery

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 3.0 – 5.9 – 5.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.7 3.3 0.7 6.5 1.3 7.5

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.7 3.4 0.8 6.7 1.4 7.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.7 4.9 1.8 7.5 1.7 6.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 0.5 6.3 1.7 9.3 0.9 8.5

Rail .................................... 27.8 0.2 26.9 0.3 22.1 0.3 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 28.3

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ 37.1 – 39.2 – 40.8 – 31.2

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 15.7 0.3 11.2 – 15.2 0.2 3.9

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 0.6 9.4 0.6 10.0 1.1 4.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.5 4.3 0.2 7.7 0.4 4.5

Truck and rail ............................. 16.0 0.3 19.1 0.5 18.5 1.0 14.7

Truck and water ........................... 25.3 0.1 24.3 0.1 24.6 0.6 14.7

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.7 – (S) (S) 28.8

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.3 13.2 0.5 27.9 0.5 15.0

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-37 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 35, Electronic and Other Electrical

 Equipment and Components and Office

 Equipment

Total2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 – 4.6 – 5.7 – 3.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 1.4 5.0 1.7 6.6 1.6 6.5

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1.7 5.0 1.8 6.0 2.0 8.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 1.8 5.5 2.2 6.2 2.0 6.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 0.7 7.8 1.3 12.5 0.5 4.2

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.3 0.7 45.1 1.7 24.9

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 44.2 – (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 45.8

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 11.1 1.0 22.2 0.2 21.6 0.4 3.1

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 1.4 5.8 0.6 7.7 1.3 2.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1.5 5.9 0.6 6.0 1.2 2.1

Truck and rail ............................. 30.0 0.1 25.7 0.2 30.3 0.5 9.3

Truck and water ........................... 40.0 0.1 29.5 0.1 38.1 0.7 47.2

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 46.4 – (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 10.4 0.3 25.1 1.6 33.5 1.2 15.7

SCTG 36, Motorized and Other Vehicles

 (Including Parts)

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 5.2 – 5.0 – 6.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 1.9 6.3 1.7 6.2 1.7 8.5

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 2.2 6.6 2.1 7.2 2.8 9.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 2.0 5.5 2.4 8.1 3.0 12.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 1.3 13.8 2.2 11.9 0.9 9.3

Rail .................................... 29.1 1.4 23.3 1.0 26.3 2.5 8.6

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 33.5

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 35.4

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 34.7

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 24.5 0.2 17.5 – 16.7 0.1 3.5

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 0.4 5.9 0.4 8.6 1.0 6.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 0.4 15.2 0.2 15.4 0.3 6.4

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 0.4 7.2 0.3 10.5 1.0 7.2

Truck and water ........................... 24.6 – 22.5 – 21.9 0.1 13.3

Rail and water ............................ 41.3 – 35.1 – 49.6 0.3 27.7

Other multiple modes ...................... 38.9 0.1 (S) (S) 36.4 0.3 31.9

Other and unknown modes ........... 24.2 2.0 21.2 1.8 24.5 1.6 26.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-38 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 37, Transportation Equipment, n.e.c.

Total2

 ........................ 10.6 – 18.1 – 12.1 – 3.9

Single modes ...................... 14.8 2.9 20.3 2.2 14.0 2.6 7.1

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 2.4 20.9 4.0 18.6 4.3 8.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 2.0 25.8 4.6 20.0 4.4 5.9

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 1.3 26.4 3.5 18.6 0.7 17.8

Rail .................................... 27.1 0.3 34.8 4.2 41.5 5.1 12.4

Water ................................... 11.9 0.3 40.7 1.9 3.0 1.1 (S)

Shallow draft .......................... 14.9 0.3 40.9 1.9 3.0 1.1 (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.7

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 27.9 3.9 32.3 0.9 29.8 1.2 3.8

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 12.2 3.0 22.7 1.7 20.0 2.2 2.9

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 12.2 2.7 16.7 0.6 15.4 0.7 2.9

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 34.1 2.1 30.4 2.6 25.0

Truck and water ........................... 28.0 0.1 48.6 0.4 (S) (S) 20.8

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... 15.1 – 9.7 0.1 (S) (S) 45.1

Other and unknown modes ........... 24.2 0.3 39.9 1.2 45.3 1.2 12.1

SCTG 38, Precision Instruments and

 Apparatus

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 – 31.1 – 20.0 – 4.3

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 1.7 33.0 2.7 17.7 2.5 8.0

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 2.1 34.4 2.6 19.5 2.0 14.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 1.4 20.8 3.2 15.9 2.2 9.2

Private truck ........................... 13.3 1.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 8.1

Rail .................................... – – – – – – –

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – –

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 16.6 1.4 11.9 0.6 18.4 1.3 5.5

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.7 12.8 3.1 13.8 2.5 4.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 1.7 12.6 3.1 12.4 2.5 4.4

Truck and rail ............................. 48.9 0.1 34.3 0.1 47.0 0.2 20.6

Truck and water ........................... 49.4 0.2 34.0 0.2 45.1 0.6 40.8

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes ........... 16.3 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 18.9

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-39 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 39, Furniture, Mattresses and Mattress

 Supports, Lamps, Lighting Fittings, and

 Illuminated Signs

Total2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 – 6.2 – 7.4 – 5.3

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.8 6.2 1.2 6.2 2.4 5.3

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.8 6.2 1.2 6.4 2.4 5.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 1.5 8.4 2.1 7.2 2.5 4.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 1.3 6.9 1.8 8.4 0.9 8.6

Rail .................................... 29.0 0.1 31.6 0.2 40.7 0.9 20.7

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 42.9

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 42.9

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 34.6 0.1 20.1 – 20.8 – 6.8

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 0.8 16.8 0.7 15.8 1.2 3.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 0.7 19.5 0.6 21.0 0.9 3.7

Truck and rail ............................. 40.0 0.4 27.5 0.3 28.4 0.6 (S)

Truck and water ........................... 23.7 – 40.2 0.1 43.4 0.4 16.0

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes ........... 18.4 0.3 41.8 0.8 (S) (S) 25.4

SCTG 40, Miscellaneous Manufactured

 Products

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 – 6.3 – 5.0 – 2.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.2 6.8 0.7 5.4 1.1 9.8

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.0 5.9 1.3 5.3 1.1 11.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 1.1 7.4 2.2 5.8 1.3 6.9

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.6 7.3 1.7 6.9 0.6 6.2

Rail .................................... 35.8 0.1 44.7 0.4 40.6 0.7 11.5

Water ................................... 48.8 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 11.7 0.3 27.7 0.1 29.5 0.3 4.1

Pipeline4................................. 36.0 0.2 5.5 17.2 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.2 8.5 0.5 9.2 1.1 2.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.1 8.4 0.3 8.8 0.6 2.2

Truck and rail ............................. 23.7 0.1 26.6 0.2 26.5 0.6 12.6

Truck and water ........................... 27.5 0.1 (S) (S) 38.5 0.6 26.3

Rail and water ............................ 41.7 0.1 37.6 – 41.6 0.3 11.4

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ........... 13.3 0.3 14.3 0.5 16.2 0.7 16.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-40 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

SCTG 41, Waste and Scrap

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 – 23.1 – 18.3 – 23.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 1.7 24.5 2.0 17.7 3.5 26.3

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 2.3 28.1 3.2 20.3 3.7 27.7

For-hire truck .......................... 11.2 2.7 15.0 3.6 24.8 4.0 17.4

Private truck ........................... 15.8 2.5 41.7 5.3 33.5 1.7 18.1

Rail .................................... 18.4 1.6 21.1 2.1 34.6 2.2 11.9

Water ................................... 21.3 0.9 18.6 0.9 25.2 2.9 18.4

Shallow draft .......................... 17.5 0.6 17.3 1.0 25.4 2.6 7.6

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 40.1

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 22.3

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 15.2 1.3 17.4 1.2 33.6 3.4 8.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.7

Truck and rail ............................. 11.5 0.7 19.7 1.1 29.1 2.1 9.3

Truck and water ........................... 42.1 1.4 (S) (S) (S) (S) 27.5

Rail and water ............................ 49.1 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes ...................... 38.4 0.3 (S) (S) 22.7 0.3 40.3

Other and unknown modes ........... 26.4 0.5 38.9 1.2 (S) (S) 21.1

SCTG 43, Mixed Freight

Total2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 – 2.9 – 3.0 – 4.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.4 2.9 0.2 2.9 0.9 4.4

Truck3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.4 2.9 0.2 3.0 1.1 4.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.1 8.1 1.7 4.6 1.2 9.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 1.2 3.3 1.6 3.0 1.2 3.8

Rail .................................... 27.3 0.1 24.7 0.1 24.0 0.5 6.3

Water ................................... 47.7 – 35.5 – (S) (S) 41.8

Shallow draft .......................... 34.6 – 39.4 – 36.0 – 17.5

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 38.6 – (S) (S) 30.1

Air (includes truck and air) ................... 23.9 – 36.0 – 32.8 0.1 7.6

Pipeline4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 0.5 12.4 0.2 14.1 0.9 3.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 0.4 9.1 0.1 8.1 0.2 3.8

Truck and rail ............................. 38.7 0.2 28.3 0.1 27.1 0.8 11.2

Truck and water ........................... 19.5 – 17.1 – 18.7 0.2 11.0

Rail and water ............................ 39.0 0.1 24.9 – 27.8 0.4 12.9

Other multiple modes ...................... 39.5 0.1 45.1 – 45.7 0.5 2.9

Other and unknown modes ........... 12.3 0.1 18.8 0.2 36.0 0.3 35.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-41 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code, description, and mode of 

transportation

Value Tons Ton-miles1 Average miles per 

shipment—

coefficient of 

variation

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Coefficient of

variation of number

Standard error

of percentage

Commodity Unknown

Total2

 ........................ 16.2 – (S) – 26.0 – 18.7

Single modes ...................... 21.9 5.3 23.7 4.5 29.9 6.9 26.2

Truck3

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 5.0 22.8 5.4 32.8 7.3 6.7

For-hire truck .......................... 25.7 3.6 31.5 6.2 40.1 9.0 (S)

Private truck ........................... 21.5 4.9 30.9 6.5 37.1 6.1 9.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.3

Water ................................... – – – – – – –

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – –

Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – –

Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – –

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 29.8

Pipeline4................................. – – – – – – –

Multiple modes ..................... 24.1 5.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... 24.1 5.0 30.8 1.1 39.9 6.5 13.5

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ........................... – – – – – – –

Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – –

Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – –

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.7 2.6 (S) (S) (S)

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability or poor response quality.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

4 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).`

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Table B-7. 

Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]
B-42 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 3.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.1 2.6

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.2 3.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 3.2 4.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.4 3.3

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.5 3.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 9.7 9.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 7.6 7.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.1 4.4

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.6 6.8

SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish .................................................... 25.3 20.4 39.1

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 24.3 23.9 25.4

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 26.7 26.7 29.1

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 29.8 25.2 27.4

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 44.2 39.4 42.5

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 37.5 35.0 35.0

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 34.3 31.2 30.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 41.1 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 02, Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.3 11.3

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.5 11.6

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 23.0 18.8 17.1

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 18.7 16.8 19.5

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 13.9 12.1 11.8

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 15.5 14.4 14.2

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 23.2 24.1 24.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 15.7 14.7 14.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 44.1 47.9 45.1

SCTG 03, Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.0 6.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.2 10.1

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 14.8 13.9

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 10.4 7.6 9.4

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.9 11.6

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 12.2 11.0 12.3

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 11.9 21.0 22.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 13.6 14.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 15.6 16.6 16.0

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.5 15.4 15.4

SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.4 9.2

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 9.4 10.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.1 8.3

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 13.0 10.2 10.0

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 7.4 8.1

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 14.0 23.5 27.9

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 15.2 14.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 10.9 12.0 12.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 12.8 28.4 27.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-43 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.0 8.3

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.8 12.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.6 6.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.8 6.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.9 5.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.9 5.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 6.5 7.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.6 9.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 6.5 6.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 15.8 38.9 (S)

SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 5.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.6 7.4

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.4 8.6

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.8 6.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.1 7.1

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.7 8.0

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 11.8 12.5 13.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 6.9 7.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 13.9 18.1 19.3

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 15.2 9.5 9.5

SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.1 4.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.6 11.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 6.1 6.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.8 4.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.6 4.5

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 4.4

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.6 7.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.2 7.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.8 8.0

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 14.4 14.9

SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.5 6.2

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.7 3.3

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.8 9.4

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 10.1 9.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 9.6 9.1

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 10.7 9.9 10.6

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 14.5 23.5 25.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 10.8 10.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 14.9 20.3 20.4

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 13.8 15.9 15.7

SCTG 09, Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 26.9 10.4

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 13.8 34.2 22.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 23.2 27.7

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 16.7 17.7

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 20.0 13.4 13.1

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 21.0 20.8 21.5

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 19.1 19.5 20.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 20.2 24.4 25.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 25.6 23.7 23.5

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 24.7 22.2 21.7

See footnotes at end of table.
B-44 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone ................................................ 14.5 20.5 13.1

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 19.2 25.3 25.9

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 17.1 18.3 17.8

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 24.0 22.4 23.7

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 12.2 16.2 15.0

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 26.0 27.5 27.3

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 35.3 29.4 29.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 34.3 28.8 28.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 31.3 27.0 27.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 34.6 44.8 45.3

SCTG 11, Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.3 15.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 10.3 9.9

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 12.2 14.6 14.1

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 10.3 23.2 24.3

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 12.3 14.7 15.3

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 16.9 21.6 23.7

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 31.2 45.5 46.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 24.8 21.9 23.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 37.7 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 40.7 (S) (S)

SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9 10.5

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.9 3.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 10.9 11.9

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 10.7 15.2 16.5

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 13.0 28.8 25.5

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 19.0 24.2 25.8

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 26.6 30.3 30.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 40.1 29.4 29.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 28.7 45.7 45.1

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 34.0 28.4 28.3

SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.1 8.3

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 9.6 9.4

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 12.7 11.6 11.9

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.9 18.5 17.6

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 15.4 13.0 13.1

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 12.6 16.0 16.2

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 18.5 25.4 26.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 19.1 19.0 19.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 12.9 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 44.0 25.0 23.9

SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates ............................................... 15.8 17.4 29.4

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 17.2 21.3 17.6

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 21.6 45.2 44.4

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 44.9 25.5 24.1

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 13.4 (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 45.1 43.6 43.1

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 31.0 (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 36.2 (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 35.7 28.0

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 27.5 37.8 22.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-45 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 15, Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.6 12.2

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 10.8 12.7 10.3

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 15.8 19.0 15.2

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 14.8 13.7 16.3

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 21.4 16.7 15.6

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 15.5 12.5 11.0

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 22.8 22.1 21.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 15.6 19.2 18.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 9.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.9 6.2

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 11.7 14.4

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.7 9.0

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 20.1 20.1 21.4

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 35.7 35.2 34.3

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 38.1 39.5 37.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 40.2 42.5 43.2

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 16.8 13.1

SCTG 18, Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.1 7.4

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.3 9.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 11.0 11.7

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 10.2 13.7 11.0

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 23.1 24.0 20.8

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 21.2 32.5 32.0

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 38.7 37.7 39.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 49.2 (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 25.4 35.5 34.8

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 7.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.2 7.5

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 11.9 15.7 14.2

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 10.8 7.3 9.4

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 13.3 13.4 11.0

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 11.6 14.9 17.9

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 15.1 25.8 27.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 17.6 14.1 14.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 31.9 35.3 36.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 48.9 48.6 49.1

SCTG 20, Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.0 10.7

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 12.8 11.0 14.1

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 16.7 12.3 14.4

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 12.2 12.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 10.9 10.3

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 23.3 26.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 16.1 16.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 17.8 18.5 20.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 17.3 20.9 19.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 16.9 22.9 22.4

See footnotes at end of table.
B-46 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 11.0 8.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 22.7 14.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 23.6 24.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.6 9.0

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 12.1 10.5 11.1

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 13.0 32.3 33.5

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 19.5 12.0 13.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 13.5 10.0 9.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 19.5 16.9 17.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 12.6 14.8 14.8

SCTG 22, Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 10.3 14.9

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 11.4 8.9

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 13.3 13.2 12.6

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.9 11.9 12.8

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 16.4 17.8 17.9

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 19.3 17.8 17.5

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 19.9 21.5 20.5

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 22.3 26.2 25.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 20.3 21.0 20.3

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.9 5.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.0 9.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 7.9 8.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.9 6.0

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.0 7.2

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 5.7 5.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.2 8.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 6.7 6.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.0 9.9

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 12.9 17.7 17.5

SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.0 4.9

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 7.1 6.8

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.8 8.4

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 4.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.7 3.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.8 6.1

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 11.7 12.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.0 6.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 9.0 11.0

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.6 8.4

SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough ............................................. 13.1 21.0 13.9

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 20.3 25.0 25.9

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 16.3 31.4 30.0

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 15.1 29.0 27.2

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 24.2 33.8 34.3

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 42.2 48.2 (S)

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 21.9 28.1 27.5

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 30.7 (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-47 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 26, Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.7 4.2

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.6 5.2

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.0 5.3

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.5 3.8

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 4.4

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 4.7 5.1

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 12.6 11.6 11.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 4.8 5.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 10.4 10.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 11.2 14.1 13.7

SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 5.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.5 5.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.4 8.8

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.3 5.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.2 5.3

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.3 6.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.8 6.5

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 10.3 12.5 12.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 11.2 11.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 12.6 16.5 18.3

SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.7 7.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 9.2 6.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 14.5 13.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 7.9 7.2

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.5 8.5

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 9.0 9.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 10.1 10.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 10.2 9.1 9.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 13.8 14.3

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 10.1 23.6 23.3

SCTG 29, Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.0 6.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.0 6.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 11.8 15.8

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.0 11.8 12.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.3 9.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.5 6.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 12.3 12.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 16.4 15.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 16.9 17.8 17.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 15.3 11.6 10.9

SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.5 13.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.9 8.0

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 11.1 8.1 8.9

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.5 5.1

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 7.5 8.5

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.3 6.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.0 9.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 12.4 13.8 14.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 10.8 30.9 30.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 13.7 26.5 27.2

See footnotes at end of table.
B-48 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.1 6.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 4.4 4.1

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 4.5 4.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.8 6.8

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 5.3 5.4

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 13.0 14.4

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 10.3 10.7 11.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 10.4 25.3 23.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 12.6 30.8 30.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 15.9 12.5 12.2

SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.8 6.2

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.5 6.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.7 5.6

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.5 5.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.8 6.1

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 8.3 8.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 13.1 16.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 25.6 14.0 13.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 24.1 16.9 16.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 10.3 20.1 21.2

SCTG 33, Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 4.1

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 8.4 13.2

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 15.2 14.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 7.1 6.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 3.9

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.8 5.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.2 5.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 13.3 14.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.7 8.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 18.0 14.0 14.0

SCTG 34, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.0 5.9

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.6 7.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.7 4.4

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 6.5 6.9

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.9 6.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.9 7.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 9.8 9.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 11.6 11.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.1 6.9

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 11.2 24.8 26.2

SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . 2.7 4.6 5.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 8.9 9.9

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10.4 10.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.7 11.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 7.1 7.3

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 4.7 4.9

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 9.4 9.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.7 9.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 10.3 11.4

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 10.8 11.0

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-49 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 5.0

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 10.9 10.8 10.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.6 6.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.7 6.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.7 6.0

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 12.0 7.4 7.8

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.6 6.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.2 7.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 10.9 14.8 14.1

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 28.5 14.3 14.3

SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. .............................................. 10.6 18.1 12.1

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 10.8 42.6 40.6

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 18.3 20.6 19.9

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 17.1 20.9 21.2

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 12.3 24.4 22.3

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 14.2 12.9 13.8

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 13.9 28.8 31.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 21.3 24.4 24.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 37.6 10.8 10.5

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 12.8 19.0 18.3

SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 31.1 20.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 39.5 35.4

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 17.5 44.7 37.3

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 23.6 23.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 42.2 37.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 31.6 28.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 18.7 19.5

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 26.8 27.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.5 8.8

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 11.3 11.7

SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and

 illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.2 7.4

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.1 8.1

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 10.6 11.9 11.3

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 9.0 8.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 10.8 9.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 5.4

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.1 8.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 22.9 25.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.6 8.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 15.8 11.0 10.8

SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 6.3 5.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 11.1 8.3

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 10.0 10.4

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 12.6 10.5

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.9 6.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.4 6.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.9 8.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 12.3 12.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.0 6.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.2 7.2

See footnotes at end of table.
B-50 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-8. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 41, Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 23.1 18.3

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 15.1 35.0 37.0

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 16.2 38.8 38.6

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.7 9.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 16.0 16.6

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 14.7 24.2 23.7

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 21.6 29.8 28.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 20.2 37.6 32.0

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 19.9 25.3 24.1

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 25.3 36.7 42.1

SCTG, 43, Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.9 3.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.5 3.6

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.2 4.3

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.1 3.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.5 6.2

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 10.7 9.6 10.6

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.2 9.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 11.2 10.3 11.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 11.3 12.8 12.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 8.2 8.2

Commodity unknown ................................................................ 16.2 (S) 26.0

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 17.8 32.0 33.5

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 42.9 (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 33.4 48.4 48.3

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 45.6 (S) 48.4

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 49.5 (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 48.9 (S) (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 30.1 (S) (S)

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 35.6 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 27.3 47.6 48.1

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-51 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 3.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.1 3.4

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.0 3.9

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.4 3.4

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.3 2.4

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 1.7 5.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.1 1.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.8 1.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.2 3.1

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.3 5.9

SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish .................................................... 25.3 20.4 39.1

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 32.3 41.8 (S)

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 19.1 30.0 32.6

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 27.5 34.8 40.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 49.6 43.0 (S)

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 37.5 35.6 (S)

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 33.0 22.6 44.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 25.9 22.2 47.1

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 44.5 44.5 (S)

SCTG 02, Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.3 11.3

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 49.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 41.6 (S)

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 22.0 29.3 (S)

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 36.8 28.2 27.7

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 27.0 20.1 33.5

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 18.7 23.5 25.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 14.9 14.2 31.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.7 12.9

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 10.1 9.1 11.7

SCTG 03, Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.0 6.0

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 14.3 13.8 30.6

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 16.7 13.2 11.8

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.0 9.0 8.8

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.6 8.2

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 11.3 11.5 10.8

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 12.1 11.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.8 8.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.3 7.4

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.3 10.8

SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.4 9.2

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 43.4 43.2 (S)

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 33.9 23.6 43.5

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 14.3 13.4 18.9

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 16.4 14.3 18.8

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 11.9 13.9 13.9

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 15.0 12.0 23.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.4 5.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.4 14.3

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 23.5 10.8 15.2

See footnotes at end of table.
B-52 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.0 8.3

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 12.1 9.7 28.4

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 10.2 9.4 14.3

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.4 9.9

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.9 11.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.6 13.1

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 8.3 5.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.5 4.0

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 14.7 16.8 28.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 16.2 19.4 (S)

SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 5.6

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 24.8 17.1 35.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 12.4 15.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.5 16.4

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 13.2 12.6

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 14.4 17.3 16.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.9 8.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.1 6.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 11.9 14.9 14.2

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.1 8.0 12.7

SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.1 4.7

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 12.9 11.4 11.6

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.4 14.8

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.9 11.8

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.2 12.5

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.0 12.4

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.3 5.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.7 4.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 11.3 14.5

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 5.9 8.9

SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.5 6.2

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 43.4 11.3 27.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 6.4 9.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 4.4 7.1

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.6 7.9

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.2 9.3

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.1 10.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.5 7.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 15.9 13.8 19.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.4 14.8 15.1

SCTG 09, Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 26.9 10.4

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 12.3 16.6 45.2

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 11.0 8.9 19.9

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.2 11.4

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 12.6 14.7 18.5

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 16.2 14.6 26.1

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 11.0 15.3 19.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 15.1 37.2 15.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.5

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-53 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone ................................................ 14.5 20.5 13.1

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 32.3 29.1 48.3

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 21.3 16.3 35.1

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 20.1 20.6 21.6

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 29.0 20.2 41.9

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 21.9 23.6 36.7

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 22.7 21.4 21.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 15.5 25.3 15.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 27.3 25.7 19.0

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 34.2 32.9 36.9

SCTG 11, Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.3 15.7

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 35.6 27.9 39.1

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 34.5 33.5 (S)

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 31.3 27.6 25.2

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 35.0 20.0 35.2

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 30.5 29.7 23.5

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 33.7 13.5 26.7

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 10.2 12.3 10.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.8 9.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.6 14.5 27.4

SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9 10.5

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 17.6

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 24.7 (S)

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 37.9 24.6 36.0

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 37.7 20.8 36.6

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 11.5 7.2 12.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.0 3.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 4.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.8 17.7

SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.1 8.3

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 34.3 20.4 25.3

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 23.9 27.4 43.3

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 26.0 21.1 33.0

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 36.4 45.4 (S)

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 28.0

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 15.0 12.0 12.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 11.3 10.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 11.5 9.4 13.5

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 12.2 14.7 12.1

SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates ............................................... 15.8 17.4 29.4

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 25.6 33.9 41.5

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 25.2 33.1 29.7

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 21.1 45.1 (S)

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 41.0 (S) (S)

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.7 34.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 23.9 20.2 21.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 28.7 32.4 32.2

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 15.4 19.0 31.0

See footnotes at end of table.
B-54 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 15, Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.6 12.2

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 45.3 28.5 31.5

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 31.4 38.7

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 34.9 34.9 38.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 20.5 21.3 21.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 10.1 9.5 18.7

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.5 12.3

SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 9.7

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 35.6 38.1 33.2

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 28.6 26.6 29.7

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 16.3 15.3 26.5

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 17.5 17.5 29.3

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 16.1 15.7 35.9

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 11.7 11.4 14.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.0 7.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.6 7.9

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.1 14.5

SCTG 18, Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.1 7.4

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 28.5 17.2 19.4

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 37.5 12.5 16.1

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.5 10.1 18.2

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 9.1 23.7

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.5 13.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.9 6.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.2 17.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.9 9.7

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.9 12.3

SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 7.6

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 32.3 23.6 47.4

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 18.3 12.0 29.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.7 13.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.1 13.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.2 10.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 5.9 10.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 6.7 7.0

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 7.1 12.5

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.0 9.9

SCTG 20, Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.0 10.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 12.1 24.1

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 16.9 18.1 (S)

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.2 13.0 13.8

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 10.8 7.5

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 11.8 14.0 7.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.5 5.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 13.2 10.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 48.2 23.9 22.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 12.9 10.9 13.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-55 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 11.0 8.6

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 8.1 8.6

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 13.3 13.9 10.9

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 10.8 12.7 11.2

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 13.5 14.0 10.0

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 21.7 13.3 11.8

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 13.8 17.3 10.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 23.2 7.9 11.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 48.1 (S)

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 49.1 (S) (S)

SCTG 22, Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 10.3 14.9

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 22.6 13.7 28.2

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 23.1 18.7 20.6

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 13.9 12.0 13.5

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 15.7 11.8 29.0

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 16.9 19.3 22.4

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 12.2 22.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 11.7 15.0 18.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 11.0 9.8 16.2

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.5 14.9 16.2

SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.9 5.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 8.7 12.6

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.0 16.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.0 14.8

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 10.5 6.2 15.2

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 14.5 6.9 12.0

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.8 6.8

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 5.8 6.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 14.1 15.6 20.0

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 13.3 11.8 15.5

SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.0 4.9

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 6.1 8.2

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 9.3 9.7

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 6.2 8.2

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.5 5.1

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.3 6.3

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.0 3.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.2 4.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 24.5 16.4 18.2

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 11.8 12.2 13.0

SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough ............................................. 13.1 21.0 13.9

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 38.1 (S)

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 34.3

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 29.9 30.1 43.5

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 31.1 27.2 (S)

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 32.0 26.4 (S)

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 18.4 25.0 29.3

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 17.0 24.9 22.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 17.5 23.6 24.1

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 25.1 (S) 34.3

See footnotes at end of table.
B-56 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 26, Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.7 4.2

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 12.8 17.2 24.2

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 12.2 11.5 21.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.0 13.2

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.0 17.9

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 5.6 17.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 6.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.7 3.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 7.4 9.4

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.5 8.9

SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 5.8

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 16.1 8.2 18.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 11.1 31.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.7 10.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 7.8 11.1

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.1 12.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 5.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.0 4.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 13.7 13.2 11.8

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 8.1 11.0

SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.7 7.8

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 11.1 15.7 28.7

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 14.2 14.3 28.1

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 5.8 10.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.1 18.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.7 14.9

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.0 6.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.8 6.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 22.5 35.1 31.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 23.6 24.1 38.7

SCTG 29, Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.0 6.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.5 7.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.1 9.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.9 5.4

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 15.3 7.8 10.9

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 17.8 5.9 11.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 4.1 10.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.8 9.3

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 26.2 30.2

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.9 (S)

SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.5 13.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.7 4.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.8 7.7

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 6.7

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.7 9.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 9.7 8.3

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.4 8.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 15.6 10.1 23.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 21.1 30.8 28.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 39.4 33.4 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-57 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.1 6.8

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 10.7 20.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.1 16.4

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 11.2 8.3 14.5

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 14.1 7.3 12.2

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 11.8 9.1 15.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 4.4 9.2

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.4 3.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 9.6 9.3

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 11.1 20.3

SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.8 6.2

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 7.6 9.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.9 14.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 6.9

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 4.3 8.4

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.0 9.0

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.9 3.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.4 4.5

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.3 9.4

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 17.6 9.1 12.8

SCTG 33, Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 4.1

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 9.7

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.5 8.3

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.4 10.0

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.4 6.2

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.8 7.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.6 5.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 6.2 3.7

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 15.0 27.5 17.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.4 16.3 18.9

SCTG 34, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.0 5.9

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 3.8 8.6

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 7.6

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.2 6.1

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.0 6.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.8 4.9

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.3 5.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.5 10.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 11.5 17.4 17.0

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 19.0 17.0 22.7

SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . 2.7 4.6 5.7

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.1 7.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.8 10.5

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.3 5.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.3 6.1

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 13.6 42.1

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 4.8 6.1

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 14.1 8.1 9.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 13.8 25.3 21.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 38.7 32.3 43.0

See footnotes at end of table.
B-58 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 5.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 6.9 11.7

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 10.6 11.5 24.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 9.0 23.2

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 5.6 10.4

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 7.2 8.3

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 10.6 10.7 12.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 8.6 8.2

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 10.6 11.9 15.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 29.8 25.8 29.0

SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. .............................................. 10.6 18.1 12.1

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.0 10.0

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 6.8 7.4

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 13.1 10.9 14.7

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 28.9 16.3 19.8

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 45.8 22.1 27.4

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 17.5 11.8 14.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 15.0 31.1 23.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 36.7 29.2 29.8

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 25.8 24.3

SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 31.1 20.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 14.2

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 10.9 15.9 8.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 18.4 9.6

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 28.1 14.2

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 13.2 36.7 21.0

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 45.4 22.6

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 18.3 33.3 27.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 44.8 (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and

 illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.2 7.4

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 23.4 30.1

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 12.4 16.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.9 8.3

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.6 10.0

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 9.3 12.7

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.9 6.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 12.5 12.6

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 25.8 29.7 24.8

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 29.0 31.2 44.6

SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 6.3 5.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 12.2 11.8

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 9.5 15.0

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 8.7 5.9

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.7 8.8

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 5.3 9.2

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.8 4.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 8.8 7.1

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 29.8 13.5 27.0

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 22.5 27.3 29.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-59 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-9. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and 

Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code, description, and distance shipped1

(based on Great Circle Distance)

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of number

Ton-miles2

—

coefficient of 

variation of number

SCTG 41, Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 23.1 18.3

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 37.9 (S)

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 39.2 (S) (S)

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 27.3 (S) 38.9

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 44.4 49.2 49.9

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 17.5 17.9 25.4

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 10.5 28.6 20.9

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 19.0 40.1 29.6

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 14.6 13.2 26.9

SCTG, 43, Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.9 3.0

Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.2 7.5

50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.5 7.2

100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 6.0

250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 5.2

500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.9 6.5

750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.1 4.9

1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.8 3.8

1,500 to 1,999 miles ....................................................................... 13.3 24.0 17.7

2,000 miles or more ........................................................................ 28.6 18.4 30.3

Commodity unknown ................................................................ 16.2 (S) 26.0

Less than 50 miles ......................................................................... 12.2 17.7 (S)

50 to 99 miles ............................................................................ 47.3 30.8 (S)

100 to 249 miles .......................................................................... 33.6 26.9 26.8

250 to 499 miles .......................................................................... 28.9 31.4 39.4

500 to 749 miles .......................................................................... 30.4 21.7 33.2

750 to 999 miles .......................................................................... 25.4 24.4 37.0

1,000 to 1,499 miles ....................................................................... 26.3 22.9 33.4

1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1

 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere.

2

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-60 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-10.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title

Value— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Tons— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Ton-miles1

—

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

Average miles per 

shipment— 

coefficient of 

variation of 

number

212 Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1 4.4

311 Food manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6 10.0

312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4 18.2

313 Textile mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7 6.4

314 Textile product mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9 5.2

315 Apparel manufacturing ......................................................................... 10.6 20.6 31.1 4.8

316 Leather and allied product manufacturing .......................................................... 10.0 21.7 23.8 4.4

321 Wood product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4 6.8

322 Paper manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.7

323 Printing and related support activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6 5.9

324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5 12.4

325 Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5 3.8

326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8 3.6

327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0 6.7

331 Primary metal manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7 3.7

332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7 2.6

333 Machinery manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7 3.1

334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7 2.8

335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3 3.5

336 Transportation equipment manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3 2.4

337 Furniture manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8 3.2

339 Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 11.7 15.9 4.3

4231 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 17.4 11.1 13.1

4232 Furniture and home furnishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0 20.7 7.5

4233 Lumber and other construction materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4 13.8 10.8

4234 Professional and commercial equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2 14.3 5.8

4235 Metal and mineral (except petroleum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 10.7 13.8 8.3

4236 Electrical and electronic goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4 14.1 6.0

4237 Hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 11.1 12.9 6.8

4238 Machinery, equipment, and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 13.1 7.0 4.9

4239 Miscellaneous durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 14.6 11.0 3.9

4241 Paper and paper products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 11.5 23.7 7.5

4242 Drugs and druggists’ sundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.2 11.8 6.9

4243 Apparel, piece goods, and notions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 12.9 20.6 4.0

4244 Grocery and related product wholesalers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4 7.4

4245 Farm product raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 10.2 14.5

4246 Chemical and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.1 17.5 8.9

4247 Petroleum and petroleum products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6 12.4

4248 Beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 14.8 6.0

4249 Miscellaneous nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6 18.7 7.7

4541 Electronic shopping and mail order houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1 2.4

45431 Fuel dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 33.2 7.3

4931 Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0 4.4

5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8 14.4 25.8

551114 Corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3 11.9 4.8

1

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-61 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1 4.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.3 10.9 4.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 2.9 4.6 3.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 5.0 6.1 4.4

Private truck ................................................................... 10.4 3.8 5.8 4.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 9.3 12.5 9.1

Water ........................................................................... 33.9 32.0 20.2 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.5 34.3 22.8

Great Lakes ................................................................... 25.7 22.2 24.1 9.5

Deep draft .................................................................... 43.8 48.9 23.2 (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 33.5 6.9 (S)

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 15.8 15.9 19.4 9.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 41.4 48.6 11.8

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 19.3 16.9 22.4 13.6

Truck and water ................................................................... 28.0 31.0 36.2 9.5

Rail and water .................................................................... 48.1 32.5 31.1 (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 41.5 32.6 39.3 37.7

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 32.0 24.8 38.3 33.9

311 Food Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6 10.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.5 3.3 6.4

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.2 2.8 6.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.6 3.0 3.8

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 6.1 3.9 6.3

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.1 6.2 3.1

Water ........................................................................... 21.6 (S) 35.2 25.3

Shallow draft .................................................................. 36.6 (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 34.3 26.3 28.8 26.8

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 30.0 23.5 39.6 8.6

Pipeline3......................................................................... 38.6 36.4 (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 12.0 12.9 8.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.5 12.5 13.9 8.7

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.9 7.9 7.9

Truck and water ................................................................... 31.0 (S) (S) 13.0

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 34.4 (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 16.2 14.1 35.0

See footnotes at end of table.
B-62 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4 18.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.0 5.8 12.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 6.4 12.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.5 8.1 5.8

Private truck ................................................................... 10.5 6.3 10.0 12.6

Rail ............................................................................ 20.8 25.6 36.0 10.6

Water ........................................................................... 32.9 30.7 (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 37.0 37.5 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.6

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 20.7 16.4 19.2 10.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 32.7 27.8 32.2 8.7

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 21.7 16.4 18.9 8.8

Truck and water ................................................................... 24.7 25.8 32.7 22.2

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 28.8 (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 30.7 33.6 42.4 (S)

313 Textile Mills

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7 6.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 4.7 5.3 5.1

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 4.5 5.3 5.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.5 7.0 3.4

Private truck ................................................................... 14.4 10.1 13.9 15.1

Rail ............................................................................ 14.1 19.5 28.8 19.0

Water ........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 42.5 29.7 26.3 12.0

Pipeline3......................................................................... 25.0 (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 14.2 20.6 27.4 6.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 16.4 11.0 15.2 6.6

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 30.8 36.7 42.8 12.6

Truck and water ................................................................... 21.0 26.4 30.0 11.0

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 48.2 29.5 45.2 20.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-63 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




314 Textile Product Mills

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9 5.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 10.3 8.7 7.8

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 10.3 8.6 8.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.7 9.0 2.7

Private truck ................................................................... 11.2 16.6 19.5 41.5

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 42.4 42.7 (S) 11.1

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 13.3 12.3 5.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 14.3 13.7 5.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 27.1 40.7 (S) (S)

Truck and water ................................................................... 34.0 31.1 37.9 46.2

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 29.3 36.6 (S) (S)

315 Apparel Manufacturing

Total ................................................................. 10.6 20.6 31.1 4.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 23.8 37.4 7.5

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 23.0 35.2 8.1

For-hire truck .................................................................. 12.2 27.1 35.7 5.5

Private truck ................................................................... 24.2 21.7 17.6 27.2

Rail ............................................................................ ––––

Water ........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 32.8 (S) (S) 7.5

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 14.0 27.5 35.7 5.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.9 29.6 37.3 5.1

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 22.5 43.9 (S)

Truck and water ................................................................... 34.8 26.0 34.2 19.4

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
B-64 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

Total ................................................................. 10.0 21.7 23.8 4.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 25.7 32.3 9.0

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 24.9 34.5 7.2

For-hire truck .................................................................. 12.0 27.2 34.9 6.9

Private truck ................................................................... 17.7 32.0 36.0 17.9

Rail ............................................................................ 39.7 (S) (S) 20.7

Water ........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 42.1 37.5 39.8 15.1

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 20.1 18.9 21.2 3.7

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 24.0 19.1 20.6 3.7

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 18.6 18.2 18.7 7.6

Truck and water ................................................................... 48.7 32.4 (S) (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 19.7

321 Wood Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4 6.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 5.8 5.7 5.0

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.7 5.2 4.3

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 9.0 10.1 4.5

Water ........................................................................... 47.6 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 27.7

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 46.9 (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 28.7 (S) (S) 20.5

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 18.7 13.4 4.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 19.7 15.1 16.2 5.0

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 9.7 13.8 4.7

Truck and water ................................................................... 25.1 (S) 35.9 25.3

Rail and water .................................................................... 37.7 48.0 (S) 28.4

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 37.6 43.2 (S) 29.7

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 14.7 15.8 18.1 42.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-65 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




322 Paper Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.0

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.0 1.9 3.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.2 2.2 3.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 6.9 4.2

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.1 7.0 2.6

Water ........................................................................... 34.4 33.1 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. 24.5 22.7 11.0 (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 44.7

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 20.7 32.0 32.7 7.6

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.9 7.6 3.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 16.5 14.0 13.4 2.9

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 9.7 8.3 3.3

Truck and water ................................................................... 24.5 34.3 35.6 39.1

Rail and water .................................................................... 41.5 (S) 16.7 (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 45.4 49.3 26.1 25.2

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 12.6 13.1 21.2 12.2

323 Printing and Related Support Activities

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6 5.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 6.2 6.3 11.2

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 6.3 6.5 11.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 7.2 6.8 6.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10.4 14.4 11.0

Rail ............................................................................ 21.6 28.9 29.3 28.2

Water ........................................................................... 14.2 47.9 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 14.2 47.9 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 12.0 18.0 18.2 8.4

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 11.1 4.6 7.3 6.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 11.3 5.6 7.2 6.2

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 31.4 17.1 16.4 23.2

Truck and water ................................................................... 41.5 (S) (S) 19.2

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 19.9 18.4 15.5

See footnotes at end of table.
B-66 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5 12.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.7 8.4 5.7

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 9.6 25.6 6.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 11.9 31.8 9.5

Private truck ................................................................... 18.7 13.9 15.3 11.1

Rail ............................................................................ 17.2 9.7 10.9 8.1

Water ........................................................................... 16.1 14.1 19.0 12.4

Shallow draft .................................................................. 17.6 15.9 37.6 14.2

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 15.5 14.2 21.3 29.9

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 13.7

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.6 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 16.9 15.8 17.4 6.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 5.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 27.2 28.7 26.4 27.7

Truck and water ................................................................... 31.3 28.7 27.3 (S)

Rail and water .................................................................... 35.5 35.3 45.9 24.2

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 21.9 19.5 22.5 26.9

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 38.9 27.6 (S)

325 Chemical Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5 3.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.5 6.2 3.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.2 3.5 3.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.5 3.6 2.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 12.7 9.7 4.1

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 6.3 6.7 1.9

Water ........................................................................... 29.5 23.0 47.5 37.3

Shallow draft .................................................................. 32.4 23.0 22.0 21.4

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 48.8 (S) 37.5

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 21.5 23.3 33.5 5.5

Pipeline3......................................................................... 34.4 31.6 (S) (S)

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.8 8.4 4.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 14.4 8.9 10.9 4.2

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 9.2 11.1 2.9

Truck and water ................................................................... 25.8 37.7 24.5 10.3

Rail and water .................................................................... 26.9 25.3 25.2 23.8

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 23.3 21.4 29.5 17.9

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 12.2 18.2 27.2 16.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-67 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8 3.6

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.5 2.7 3.4

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.5 2.7 3.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.5 3.0 2.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.5 6.0 4.5

Rail ............................................................................ 21.5 21.3 19.7 9.0

Water ........................................................................... 34.4 19.3 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 34.4 19.3 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 16.9 22.4 23.1 4.8

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.0 8.2 3.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 13.1 15.4 3.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 10.7 11.1 11.1 6.4

Truck and water ................................................................... 26.1 27.0 20.2 14.0

Rail and water .................................................................... 37.8 (S) 23.2 (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 26.4 29.2 30.9 8.8

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 17.3 45.9 (S) 12.4

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0 6.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.0 4.2 5.7

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.1 2.6 5.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.2 3.1 4.5

Private truck ................................................................... 10.3 5.2 5.3 10.2

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 34.5 22.2 16.5

Water ........................................................................... 20.0 23.2 25.4 15.9

Shallow draft .................................................................. 24.0 23.2 30.4 19.9

Great Lakes ................................................................... 36.8 36.7 27.1 7.8

Deep draft .................................................................... 19.7 16.6 23.5 16.2

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 26.0 39.7 (S) 6.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 10.2 12.4 2.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 12.3 16.3 16.1 2.9

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 11.0 14.4 17.0 10.0

Truck and water ................................................................... 24.0 36.1 23.9 22.7

Rail and water .................................................................... 23.5 (S) 30.3 (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 26.1 22.1 28.1 29.9

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 11.9 15.2 17.0 44.7

See footnotes at end of table.
B-68 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




331 Primary Metal Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7 3.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.2 7.7 3.5

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 4.8 5.2 3.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.6 5.7 2.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 14.5 14.0 9.0

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.7 14.3 7.2

Water ........................................................................... 23.7 24.8 24.9 9.6

Shallow draft .................................................................. 23.6 24.7 24.3 9.8

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 19.0 18.7 20.6 5.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 10.2 14.1 18.8 3.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.1 17.4 20.4 3.4

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 12.7 14.1 17.4 11.0

Truck and water ................................................................... 48.7 (S) (S) 26.3

Rail and water .................................................................... 39.9 35.1 41.6 13.9

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 25.8 31.2 30.2 34.9

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 15.6 27.1 27.3 13.6

332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7 2.6

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 4.3 4.9 3.3

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 4.2 3.9 3.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.5 4.1 2.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 12.9 11.6 5.0

Rail ............................................................................ 22.3 23.3 32.5 14.4

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 0.8

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 (S) 37.6 4.2

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 10.3 9.3 2.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.6 6.0 2.4

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 14.1 20.3 19.2 8.0

Truck and water ................................................................... 16.4 23.2 22.4 12.0

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 37.0 45.4 (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 49.9

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 20.9 20.8 22.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-69 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




333 Machinery Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7 3.1

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 5.2 7.1 3.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.4 7.4 4.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.7 8.0 3.0

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 12.5 18.9 10.8

Rail ............................................................................ 28.6 20.8 19.8 10.2

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 11.4 15.5 13.7 4.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 12.8 13.0 3.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.7 4.8 3.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 21.0 24.5 22.4 6.9

Truck and water ................................................................... 28.9 24.0 29.8 9.1

Rail and water .................................................................... 42.9 (S) (S) 33.0

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 28.1

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 11.9 20.5 23.2 8.6

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7 2.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.0 8.3 4.0

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 7.4 9.5 4.7

For-hire truck .................................................................. 13.4 9.0 10.1 3.4

Private truck ................................................................... 14.0 15.1 18.1 12.2

Rail ............................................................................ 30.0 (S) (S) (S)

Water ........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 15.8 14.2 4.4

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 5.3 6.0 3.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.7 6.1 3.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 39.2 27.5 28.3 14.0

Truck and water ................................................................... 43.4 38.9 49.0 (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 20.7 42.7 34.9 13.6

See footnotes at end of table.
B-70 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3 3.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.1 4.5 2.3

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.0 4.3 2.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 4.8 2.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 10.8 20.2 10.5

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 15.2

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 29.4

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 11.7 (S) (S) 4.6

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 26.1 25.1 2.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 12.7 12.6 2.5

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 21.6 37.1 33.6 7.4

Truck and water ................................................................... 20.9 38.1 35.5 16.6

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 26.7 37.9 45.2 (S)

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3 2.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.2 4.1 4.0

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.6 4.2 4.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.3 4.4 4.6

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 12.3 11.0 9.9

Rail ............................................................................ 19.5 16.8 19.2 8.1

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 31.4 2.7 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 31.5 2.7 (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 (S) (S) 12.7

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 26.2 24.2 21.3 3.2

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.2 9.1 2.9

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.3 9.0 7.7 2.6

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 13.3 7.6 9.9 6.6

Truck and water ................................................................... 20.3 22.4 20.7 16.3

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 50.0

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 27.7

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 33.8 34.0 32.6 20.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-71 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




337 Furniture Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8 3.2

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.8 6.1 2.8

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.9 6.1 2.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 9.0 6.8 2.0

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.0 9.5 12.9

Rail ............................................................................ 35.7 33.1 36.3 13.3

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.6 (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.6 (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 35.0 33.6 (S) 11.6

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 10.3 10.5 15.0 3.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 11.5 10.8 12.7 3.7

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 26.4 27.2 33.1 17.7

Truck and water ................................................................... 18.3 29.1 40.4 14.6

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 45.8 40.8 (S) 41.3

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 19.0 18.6 24.3 13.1

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 11.7 15.9 4.3

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 10.7 15.5 7.4

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 10.8 15.8 10.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 13.9 16.8 6.1

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.1 21.7 27.2

Rail ............................................................................ 48.0 (S) (S) 15.5

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 17.9 18.8 4.1

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 26.0 27.7 4.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.9 6.5 4.2

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 30.9 (S) (S) 14.1

Truck and water ................................................................... 19.8 35.3 45.3 16.5

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.1 (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 12.9 18.7 18.6 38.5

See footnotes at end of table.
B-72 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 17.4 11.1 13.1

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 19.1 12.3 12.1

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 20.1 12.4 13.4

For-hire truck .................................................................. 10.4 10.6 14.4 18.0

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 30.9 12.7 7.3

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.5 (S) 21.1

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 30.0 22.1 23.2 5.0

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 11.7 19.2 9.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 15.2 20.5 9.1

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 24.2 31.0 37.6 20.0

Truck and water ................................................................... 43.8 42.9 46.8 18.1

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 13.5 24.4 38.1 38.2

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishings

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0 20.7 7.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.2 23.2 8.2

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 8.3 23.6 8.2

For-hire truck .................................................................. 10.6 17.9 27.5 3.9

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 7.2 14.2 10.9

Rail ............................................................................ 32.6 40.0 39.9 40.1

Water ........................................................................... 43.3 (S) (S) 33.5

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 43.3 (S) (S) 33.5

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 11.2

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 13.5 17.1 16.9 4.4

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.8 20.0 21.4 4.4

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 25.5 30.9 31.5 28.7

Truck and water ................................................................... 36.8 40.6 (S) 40.9

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 15.5 23.8 (S) 28.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-73 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4 13.8 10.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 7.3 10.1 10.0

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 7.3 10.0 10.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 11.1 15.5 12.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 8.6 5.1 4.1

Rail ............................................................................ 43.7 40.3 42.3 (S)

Water ........................................................................... 31.9 31.3 44.5 39.3

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 31.9 31.3 44.5 39.3

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 41.9 44.2 47.6 14.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 13.8 (S) 37.7 9.7

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 15.4 12.7 17.5 10.2

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 34.3 (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ................................................................... 39.1 33.4 36.3 12.7

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 23.2 9.1 (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 11.4 31.0 33.2 12.3

4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment And Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2 14.3 5.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 11.0 18.2 9.8

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 11.1 19.2 11.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 11.5 20.7 7.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 13.4 15.8 6.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water ........................................................................... 25.3 25.4 22.3 9.3

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 25.3 25.4 22.3 9.3

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 21.0 27.6 33.9 5.8

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.3 8.7 5.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.3 8.1 5.2

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 38.9 (S) 43.7 18.3

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 24.7 49.6 27.2 42.7

See footnotes at end of table.
B-74 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 10.7 13.8 8.3

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 10.2 9.3 6.5

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.7 4.6 6.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 8.1 6.0 8.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.4 7.3 4.5

Rail ............................................................................ 38.8 40.0 (S) 42.1

Water ........................................................................... 44.6 43.9 40.7 (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. 39.9 38.5 34.6 17.3

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 40.1 43.7 (S) 36.4

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 25.4

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 11.2 35.2 47.5 9.9

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 11.0 22.5 19.1 10.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 33.9 31.1 (S) 14.8

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 28.5

Rail and water .................................................................... 40.8 (S) (S) 35.8

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 26.2 45.2 46.2 5.8

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 21.5 15.1 27.0 29.9

4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4 14.1 6.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 9.3 16.7 12.5

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.0 14.9 15.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 12.1 15.8 5.6

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 9.7 13.2 4.3

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 40.1 43.9 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.2 (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.2 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 33.0 41.7 48.5 5.7

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 10.8 16.7 4.7

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.9 11.9 4.7

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.6 (S) 16.5

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 38.8 (S) (S)

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 32.7 21.5 12.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-75 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 11.1 12.9 6.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 11.7 10.3 10.0

Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 11.7 10.7 10.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 21.9 15.0 9.9

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 13.4 9.0 8.8

Rail ............................................................................ 27.5 26.4 38.8 (S)

Water ........................................................................... 40.1 44.1 (S) 33.7

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 40.1 44.1 (S) 33.7

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 33.5 (S) (S) 11.0

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 9.1 11.4 6.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 10.4 12.5 6.3

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 31.8 38.7 42.4 (S)

Truck and water ................................................................... 37.9 32.7 31.2 31.6

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 36.3

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 11.4 25.0 (S) 8.1

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 13.1 7.0 4.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 14.5 7.2 4.7

Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 14.6 7.4 5.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 26.3 9.0 5.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 9.8 13.6 4.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 42.9 36.0 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 21.7

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 25.5

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 22.3

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 17.5 18.7 33.9 4.4

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 12.5 11.6 5.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.0 8.0 5.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 36.2 (S) 29.9 13.3

Truck and water ................................................................... 37.2 (S) 37.7 20.3

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.2

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 17.9 23.8 22.4

See footnotes at end of table.
B-76 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 14.6 11.0 3.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 15.4 9.9 9.2

Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 17.4 12.0 10.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 11.8 15.4 8.4

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 26.1 22.0 8.7

Rail ............................................................................ 12.1 12.2 14.3 15.2

Water ........................................................................... 23.1 27.9 26.6 20.5

Shallow draft .................................................................. 16.7 16.8 24.8 18.3

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 17.1 36.3 32.8 6.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 15.2 30.0 2.7

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 9.7 9.8 2.8

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 12.3 17.0 25.4 10.7

Truck and water ................................................................... 38.3 46.2 (S) 30.7

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 38.6 (S) 29.1 (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 18.3 35.4 32.3 49.6

4241 Paper and Paper Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 11.5 23.7 7.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 11.8 28.1 8.1

Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.5 15.3 8.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 13.4 17.1 10.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.5 12.2 8.0

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 18.7

Water ........................................................................... 28.2 36.0 42.1 18.1

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 28.2 36.0 42.1 18.1

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 37.0 36.5 (S) 11.4

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 19.9 (S) (S) 7.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 12.9 14.4 7.0

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 44.2

Truck and water ................................................................... 31.6 26.5 29.1 14.9

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 22.3 29.8 (S) 37.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-77 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.2 11.8 6.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 18.5 13.5 19.1

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 18.6 13.6 19.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 15.1 17.7 10.9

Private truck ................................................................... 19.6 33.0 24.5 12.6

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 40.8

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.8

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.8

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 48.6 (S) (S) 10.8

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 13.1 13.9 11.0 6.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.1 14.7 12.2 6.5

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 43.2 (S) 49.5

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 22.5 31.6 38.8 (S)

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 12.9 20.6 4.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 16.4 26.2 4.8

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 16.5 26.5 4.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 18.6 27.2 3.4

Private truck ................................................................... 12.5 36.1 15.7 18.7

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 41.3 (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 26.0 30.1 40.4 22.5

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.5 11.3 4.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.5 12.2 4.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 36.5 42.6 47.4 14.3

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 24.8

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 17.3 26.0 40.7 32.4

See footnotes at end of table.
B-78 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4 7.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.7 6.1 4.5

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.8 6.4 4.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 9.4 9.5 7.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.7 3.9 3.9

Rail ............................................................................ 42.4 32.0 31.5 31.0

Water ........................................................................... 34.6 36.9 36.9 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... 38.2 34.6 36.1 44.4

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 22.5 36.3 (S) 11.3

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 16.8 30.5 (S) 8.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 20.9 18.6 24.0 9.6

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 27.4 27.2 27.9 19.4

Truck and water ................................................................... 31.1 42.3 (S) 11.9

Rail and water .................................................................... 46.0 32.8 44.4 45.2

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 14.8 22.2 31.1 28.7

4245 Farm Product Raw Materials

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 10.2 14.5

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.6 10.9 15.3

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.2 11.1 15.6

For-hire truck .................................................................. 11.2 11.9 11.8 14.4

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.7 22.4 26.7

Rail ............................................................................ 12.9 12.3 14.0 6.9

Water ........................................................................... 11.3 11.6 17.2 4.8

Shallow draft .................................................................. 12.2 12.8 17.2 4.9

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft .................................................................... 29.2 27.3 (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 20.2

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 26.2 19.8 19.6 19.6

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 47.9 41.4 (S) 20.3

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 41.8 28.8 29.8 16.9

Truck and water ................................................................... 36.5 44.5 (S) (S)

Rail and water .................................................................... 48.9 45.6 47.3 16.0

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 28.9 23.5 26.2 12.8

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 47.7 (S) 45.9 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-79 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4246 Chemical and Allied Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.1 17.5 8.9

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 16.5 18.9 12.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 16.6 14.9 12.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 12.4 11.9 6.3

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 22.1 30.7 11.3

Rail ............................................................................ 21.0 (S) (S) 17.1

Water ........................................................................... 38.7 49.5 (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 44.5

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 34.0 (S) 49.1

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 33.5 36.9 (S) 13.1

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 10.8 20.3 21.5 8.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 12.9 13.4 13.0 8.9

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 24.7 22.6 18.3 9.1

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 37.6 (S) 22.7

Rail and water .................................................................... 47.6 36.3 36.8 34.0

Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.5 (S) 23.0

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 16.4 28.6 38.5 41.7

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6 12.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 7.6 6.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.7 6.6 5.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.7 9.8 10.8

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.4 9.1 6.9

Rail ............................................................................ 40.7 37.3 42.1 16.1

Water ........................................................................... 34.6 33.6 47.1 39.6

Shallow draft .................................................................. 36.7 35.5 49.5 (S)

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.4

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 28.3

Pipeline3......................................................................... 28.0 27.8 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 31.0 33.7 46.5 21.0

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 21.7

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 38.1

Truck and water ................................................................... 44.1 47.2 (S) (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 21.4

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 15.5 12.8 15.7 4.1

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 14.9 17.7 20.2 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
B-80 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 14.8 6.0

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.2 11.5 5.1

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.2 11.0 5.2

For-hire truck .................................................................. 14.0 13.9 22.7 31.6

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 4.8 3.8

Rail ............................................................................ 26.7 32.3 37.1 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 42.3

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 42.3

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 49.5 30.4

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 49.5 48.8 (S) 27.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 37.6 (S) 46.8 30.8

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ................................................................... 33.0 (S) (S) 25.4

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 42.4 (S)

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6 18.7 7.7

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.4 18.6 12.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 7.7 14.8 13.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 16.8 20.7 9.5

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 7.1 10.6 6.1

Rail ............................................................................ 37.9 34.7 39.5 30.7

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 27.3 33.7 9.0

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 27.3 33.7 9.0

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 29.3 (S) 37.9 8.7

Pipeline3......................................................................... 16.2 13.7 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 11.1 33.6 42.5 3.5

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 11.3 17.6 15.7 3.5

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 35.9 30.6 43.8 19.7

Truck and water ................................................................... 47.2 (S) (S) 11.3

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 25.3 26.7 25.3 27.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-81 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail Order Houses

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1 2.4

Single modes .............................................................. 14.2 11.4 22.6 10.6

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 11.7 23.9 13.1

For-hire truck .................................................................. 23.7 17.1 26.3 10.5

Private truck ................................................................... 16.0 22.3 28.8 20.0

Rail ............................................................................ 40.7 (S) (S) (S)

Water ........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft .................................................................... ––––

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 23.1 24.3 27.6 7.7

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.4 8.6 2.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.4 8.6 2.3

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 4.7

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 28.6 29.4 15.6

45431 Fuel Dealers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 33.2 7.3

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.9 33.3 7.2

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.9 33.3 7.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.3 11.9 7.6

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 41.7 (S)

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 7.8

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 23.4 42.0 35.8

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 27.5 42.7 38.4

Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Truck and water ................................................................... ––––

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 35.8 36.1 33.6 33.2

See footnotes at end of table.
B-82 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




4931 Warehousing and Storage

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0 4.4

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.9 6.2 8.1

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.8 5.7 9.1

For-hire truck .................................................................. 11.6 10.2 6.9 7.2

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 7.0 7.2 8.0

Rail ............................................................................ 36.3 39.1 37.1 24.1

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 0.1

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 38.6 (S)

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 22.3 38.3 32.4 5.7

Pipeline3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 12.7 15.7 15.3 3.3

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.5 10.2 11.8 3.3

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 22.5 34.3 29.5 38.9

Truck and water ................................................................... 31.6 (S) 22.8 36.3

Rail and water .................................................................... 26.1 20.7 18.4 10.1

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 42.6 22.3 43.6 29.5

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 45.1 45.3 (S) 14.5

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8 14.4 25.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.6 18.1 44.3

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.6 18.5 43.9

For-hire truck .................................................................. 11.4 16.0 20.8 (S)

Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.9 12.5 24.4

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 40.8

Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .................................................................. ––––

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 43.2 12.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... ––––

Multiple modes ............................................................. 12.8 14.2 12.9 22.2

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 13.6 14.9 14.0 22.2

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 31.3 38.1 30.5 29.8

Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 24.6

Rail and water .................................................................... ––––

Other multiple modes .............................................................. ––––

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 29.7 34.7 31.1 22.2

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-83 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-11. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of 

Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS 

code NAICS title Value— 

	
 


	




 

	




	




1

—

	
 


	











	


	




	




551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3 11.9 4.8

Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 7.3 14.0 8.2

Truck2

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.7 13.5 8.6

For-hire truck .................................................................. 10.8 13.3 15.1 5.8

Private truck ................................................................... 10.4 9.7 7.1 11.9

Rail ............................................................................ 44.6 30.6 29.9 9.0

Water ........................................................................... 35.8 48.6 (S) 31.6

Shallow draft .................................................................. 33.9 46.6 (S) 46.8

Great Lakes ................................................................... ––––

Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 38.8 31.7

Air (includes truck and air) ........................................................... 28.4 (S) 29.7 11.9

Pipeline3......................................................................... 23.7 23.7 (S) (S)

Multiple modes ............................................................. 13.1 31.4 23.2 3.1

Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .................................................. 16.1 12.2 13.1 3.0

Truck and rail ..................................................................... 24.9 31.3 22.8 11.8

Truck and water ................................................................... 38.8 45.1 45.0 (S)

Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Other multiple modes .............................................................. 31.2 29.1 33.9 (S)

Other and unknown modes ................................................... 28.1 43.6 35.7 (S)

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

2

 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck.

3

 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-84 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.0 4.4


	

 ........................................................................................... 12.8 8.8 9.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 20.9 9.4 12.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.8 12.9 12.4


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 11.9 10.4 9.3

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 17.0 19.9 19.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 14.6 17.7 17.1

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 17.5 31.1 29.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 29.0 22.1 17.5

311 Food Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.8 11.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 3.5 4.9 5.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.3 4.4 4.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 3.0 3.0 3.0


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 2.3 6.5 8.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 3.5 4.9 5.2

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.2 4.2 4.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 3.7 5.4 5.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 5.5 10.8 10.9

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 7.6 7.0


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.3 9.1 9.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 6.5 6.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.4 7.9 7.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 10.1 10.4 10.7

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 11.8 14.7 15.6

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.0 26.4 24.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 16.4 21.6 21.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 13.7 16.4 16.4

313 Textile Mills

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 11.3 14.2


	

 ........................................................................................... 17.3 17.7 21.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.9 7.8 7.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.7 12.5 11.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 7.1 10.1 10.3

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 9.4 11.5 13.1

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 11.1 9.7 10.0

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 12.7 14.7 15.6

#




 ...................................................................................... 12.4 30.1 29.5

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-85 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






314 Textile Product Mills

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 17.1 19.2


	

 ........................................................................................... 15.0 19.0 17.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 13.1 8.5 10.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.3 9.2 9.6


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.0 8.5 8.5

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 11.2 12.8 12.6

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.3 22.2 21.7

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 14.6 15.0 15.0

#




 ...................................................................................... 12.0 20.1 20.1

315 Apparel Manufacturing

Total ...................................................................................... 10.6 20.6 31.1


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 24.2 31.4


	

 ........................................................................................... 44.1 21.5 21.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.7 26.9 26.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.5 36.0 33.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 14.0 20.0 20.7

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 32.5 31.5 31.3

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 16.2 40.2 43.6

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 23.3 27.5 26.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 13.1 (S) (S)

316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

Total ...................................................................................... 10.0 21.7 23.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 35.1 23.1


	

 ........................................................................................... 32.4 22.5 22.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 17.2 44.3 48.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.0 19.9 18.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 21.4 37.9 38.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 17.5 18.0 17.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 17.3 28.3 26.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 22.7 18.0 18.0

#




 ...................................................................................... 25.5 (S) (S)

321 Wood Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 7.5 9.0


	

 ........................................................................................... 4.9 8.5 8.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.1 4.6 4.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 5.1 5.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.5 6.4 6.6

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 16.2 8.4 8.5

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.3 6.6 6.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 10.8 13.3 13.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 10.1 11.9 12.4

See footnotes at end of table.
B-86 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






322 Paper Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.5 4.2


	

 ........................................................................................... 5.7 5.9 5.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.8 3.4 3.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 3.0 3.5 3.6


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 3.2 4.5 4.9

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 4.5 4.3 4.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.7 4.5 4.6

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 6.8 8.8 9.1

#




 ...................................................................................... 5.8 7.5 7.7

323 Printing and Related Support Activities

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 11.5 8.6


	

 ........................................................................................... 4.6 15.2 20.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.0 10.7 10.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.3 10.0 10.6


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 4.7 7.2 7.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 6.4 7.8 7.7

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 6.9 19.7 18.9

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 13.9 12.4 12.4

#




 ...................................................................................... 32.5 14.6 14.1

324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.0 8.2


	

 ........................................................................................... 10.0 10.8 12.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.6 11.4 11.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.5 24.5 23.2


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 15.9 17.5 17.9

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 21.7 23.4 25.1

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 22.2 21.8 20.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 30.3 30.0 45.2

#




 ...................................................................................... 20.3 40.4 (S)

325 Chemical Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 10.1 9.7


	

 ........................................................................................... 9.0 9.7 11.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.1 6.8 6.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.4 4.6 4.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 4.6 4.8

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 7.5 7.6 8.2

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 9.2 12.6 14.3

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.4 11.4 11.6

#




 ...................................................................................... 7.2 11.8 12.1

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-87 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.9 7.9


	

 ........................................................................................... 5.2 6.8 6.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.8 4.4 5.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.4 4.2 4.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 2.9 7.3 7.2

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 3.9 5.0 4.9

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.5 4.7 4.6

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 6.2 6.9 7.0

#




 ...................................................................................... 8.6 8.6 8.6

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.1 4.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 5.7 5.2 4.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.9 11.1 12.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.4 5.4 5.4


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.6 10.4 10.7

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 13.7 7.7 8.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.1 11.3 11.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 9.5 7.5 7.5

#




 ...................................................................................... 32.6 16.4 16.6

331 Primary Metal Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.4 5.4


	

 ........................................................................................... 8.9 15.6 13.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.3 6.7 6.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.2 6.9 7.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.1 9.2 9.5

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.6 14.4 17.7

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.2 10.8 11.3

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.8 16.9 17.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 11.2 24.8 25.3

332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 9.3 7.7


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.6 10.1 9.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.9 6.1 5.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.5 6.4 7.6


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 3.6 5.3 5.0

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 3.8 7.4 7.6

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.7 12.6 13.2

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 4.4 11.7 12.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 5.5 10.2 10.6

See footnotes at end of table.
B-88 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






333 Machinery Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 9.1 10.0


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.0 11.8 11.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.0 7.1 7.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 6.1 6.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 6.8 6.8

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 5.4 9.6 9.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 4.0 11.4 11.1

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 6.1 7.3 8.2

#




 ...................................................................................... 12.6 29.9 30.6

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 16.7 14.6


	

 ........................................................................................... 13.8 29.9 23.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.1 10.2 10.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.4 17.1 14.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 15.4 13.6 13.2

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.4 15.1 15.2

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 19.8 19.0 18.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 7.1 9.9 9.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 9.3 7.7 7.3

335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 14.1 8.5


	

 ........................................................................................... 13.8 13.3 14.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.7 10.6 9.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.3 7.1 6.9


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 3.9 4.2 4.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 4.7 4.3 4.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.9 12.3 12.7

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.4 9.7 9.4

#




 ...................................................................................... 8.8 22.3 21.6

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 12.4 11.5


	

 ........................................................................................... 7.0 9.4 8.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 7.4 7.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.7 5.3 5.1


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.3 5.6 5.8

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 7.8 7.8 7.9

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 10.0 7.9 7.9

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 19.0 7.5 8.0

#




 ...................................................................................... 7.9 10.9 11.4

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-89 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






337 Furniture Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 8.5 8.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 9.2 14.3 13.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.5 10.4 11.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.6 11.9 11.2


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.2 6.2 6.1

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 6.3 12.4 12.9

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 4.6 18.4 17.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 10.0 7.8 8.1

#




 ...................................................................................... 14.1 9.8 9.5

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 11.7 15.9


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 17.6 10.7


	

 ........................................................................................... 10.6 17.8 16.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 9.8 11.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 8.0 7.6


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.4 21.6 22.8

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 7.4 40.4 42.0

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 8.0 31.1 32.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.9 9.6 9.7

#




 ...................................................................................... 7.6 15.4 15.9

4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 17.4 11.1


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 34.0 32.9


	

 ........................................................................................... 5.9 8.0 8.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.3 10.8 11.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.5 11.6 10.9


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 31.6 20.4 21.2

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 13.4 14.6 14.5

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 8.9 17.8 18.1

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 21.8 28.7 28.5

#




 ...................................................................................... 47.3 26.0 25.6

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishings

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0 20.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.6 12.1


	

 ........................................................................................... 10.6 12.2 11.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.0 11.4 11.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.8 19.7 18.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 11.0 16.1 16.1

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 13.0 15.0 15.1

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 16.8 35.3 39.3

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.9 47.5 46.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 19.8 41.4 40.4

See footnotes at end of table.
B-90 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4 13.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 8.8 6.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 4.4 7.4 6.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.7 12.0 12.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 8.6 8.8


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 17.1 40.7 44.0

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 26.2 26.3 26.8

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 18.3 45.3 42.8

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 20.0 27.3 27.4

#




 ...................................................................................... 24.0 36.1 34.4

4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment And Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2 14.3


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.8 14.0


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.7 20.9 21.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.8 15.1 14.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.6 12.7 11.9


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.6 13.5 13.0

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.2 12.1 13.0

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.2 12.7 12.6

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 12.0 28.0 28.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 15.6 24.8 25.7

4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 10.7 13.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 9.3 11.9


	

 ........................................................................................... 3.9 18.4 19.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.0 16.8 17.5


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.2 9.0 11.4


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 11.5 7.1 7.6

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.0 34.8 42.4

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 15.0 24.2 27.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.7 13.6 13.4

#




 ...................................................................................... 25.5 41.6 44.1

4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4 14.1


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 12.1 11.5


	

 ........................................................................................... 9.1 19.8 21.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.0 21.1 22.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.8 10.8 12.4


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 8.7 17.3 18.1

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 11.0 26.0 26.5

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.0 23.6 22.7

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.1 23.5 25.5

#




 ...................................................................................... 12.5 18.2 18.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-91 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 11.1 12.9


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 15.7 21.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.4 23.6 26.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.5 8.8 8.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.5 35.9 35.8


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 10.9 11.8 11.7

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.7 26.2 24.2

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.5 11.3 11.1

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 10.1 14.7 15.3

#




 ...................................................................................... 17.7 19.9 19.7

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 13.1 7.0


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 18.8 23.1


	

 ........................................................................................... 4.0 12.3 12.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.5 14.0 14.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 13.8 13.9


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.0 11.4 11.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.0 12.2 12.8

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 8.9 14.2 14.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 11.6 32.2 31.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 12.4 24.5 25.5

4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 14.6 11.0


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 22.8 20.8


	

 ........................................................................................... 10.8 25.9 25.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.5 8.3 8.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.1 10.2 10.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 7.9 17.7 19.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.4 20.7 20.6

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 9.5 24.1 20.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 7.4 17.0 16.5

#




 ...................................................................................... 8.4 28.0 34.7

4241 Paper and Paper Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 11.5 23.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 5.6 7.8


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.7 10.5 12.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.3 17.0 19.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.5 32.7 38.4


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 18.3 38.4 36.2

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 16.1 38.0 38.3

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 26.2 25.1 24.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 28.6 23.2 23.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 15.1 23.1 23.0

See footnotes at end of table.
B-92 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.2 11.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 32.8 37.1


	

 ........................................................................................... 12.0 34.6 32.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.9 18.7 18.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.6 12.5 13.7


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 13.4 28.8 31.3

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 18.7 22.3 22.6

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 15.0 26.7 26.9

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 26.9 25.8 25.5

#




 ...................................................................................... 17.7 23.7 24.1

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 12.9 20.6


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 33.9 39.7


	

 ........................................................................................... 22.9 17.9 20.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.2 13.0 14.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.1 11.1 10.7


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 13.3 15.1 14.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 9.1 11.4 11.0

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 13.4 14.9 14.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 9.7 (S) (S)

#




 ...................................................................................... 11.6 24.2 23.7

4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.8 3.8


	

 ........................................................................................... 3.6 5.5 5.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 3.9 3.8 3.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 8.4 8.7


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 8.2 8.3

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.4 15.2 14.5

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 11.0 12.4 13.3

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.5 15.5 15.1

#




 ...................................................................................... 11.7 18.9 30.1

4245 Farm Product Raw Materials

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 10.2


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 8.1 10.2


	

 ........................................................................................... 16.6 17.1 15.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 13.3 15.3 18.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.9 10.0 9.9


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 14.2 14.3 14.2

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 20.7 25.4 25.5

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 23.0 14.4 14.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 29.7 42.2 42.4

#




 ...................................................................................... (S) 48.0 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-93 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






4246 Chemical and Allied Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.1 17.5


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 15.5 21.5


	

 ........................................................................................... 9.5 15.7 16.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.7 31.4 33.8


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.3 28.7 29.4


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 9.1 17.0 17.6

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 9.5 39.4 40.0

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 16.7 18.2 18.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 13.7 23.5 27.4

#




 ...................................................................................... 16.1 17.9 18.1

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.5 5.9


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.1 6.0 6.0


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.2 7.9 9.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.4 16.9 17.6


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 15.7 17.9 18.8

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 25.4 33.5 34.2

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 26.7 28.8 29.4

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 34.3 35.1 37.2

#




 ...................................................................................... 39.4 (S) (S)

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 14.8


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.2 3.9


	

 ........................................................................................... 7.6 6.9 6.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.6 10.3 11.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 16.2 18.0 18.1


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 18.6 26.0 32.5

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 24.1 30.0 30.7

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 35.7 30.9 32.7

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 29.7 28.3 28.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 32.9 47.1 47.7

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6 18.7


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.3 12.1


	

 ........................................................................................... 4.3 10.8 10.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.1 9.6 9.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.0 22.3 23.5


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 12.1 30.0 30.4

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 14.2 33.3 35.9

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 13.9 43.7 44.1

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 11.3 24.0 22.3

#




 ...................................................................................... 14.4 33.2 32.8

See footnotes at end of table.
B-94 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 16.8 23.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 11.0 22.7 21.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.7 13.9 14.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.7 9.9 11.8


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.0 11.8 12.0

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.6 14.9 14.5

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 10.4 14.8 14.7

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 13.1 12.4 12.8

#




 ...................................................................................... 7.3 10.4 10.9

45431 Fuel Dealers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 33.2


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.0 5.0


	

 ........................................................................................... 15.9 16.0 16.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 41.6 41.7 44.6


	
!
 ......................................................................................... (S) (S) (S)


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... (S) (S) (S)

"
	

 ......................................................................................... (S) (S) (S)

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... (S) (S) (S)

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... –––

#




 ...................................................................................... (S) (S) (S)

4931 Warehousing and Storage

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 9.3 8.2


	

 ........................................................................................... 6.9 8.9 9.7


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.8 8.1 7.9


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.0 9.4 9.3


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 14.4 16.7 20.5

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 23.5 15.7 15.0

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 19.5 12.4 11.9

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 21.3 11.4 11.2

#




 ...................................................................................... 9.5 12.1 11.9

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8 14.4


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.3 9.3


	

 ........................................................................................... 12.9 22.6 24.1


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 17.3 32.6 36.4


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 23.1 39.0 38.2


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 12.7 23.1 21.8

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 23.4 28.5 28.8

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 25.9 31.5 29.7

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.9 28.1 28.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 24.9 24.5 23.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-95 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-12.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance 

Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value—

	




	








	




	






1

—

	




	






551114 	

	





Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3 11.9


	

 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 12.0 12.5


	

 ........................................................................................... 9.0 21.3 22.2


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.5 19.0 23.3


	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.3 16.6 16.1


	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 8.9 12.9 13.7

"
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.9 25.6 25.0

#
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 24.1 29.9 31.5

#
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 23.1 20.7 19.9

#




 ...................................................................................... 28.6 27.3 28.2

– Estimate equal to zero.

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-96 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1 4.4


	

 ......................................................................... 39.3 31.8 47.3 43.1


	

............................................................................. (S) 36.5 (S) 33.2


	
!
........................................................................... 28.7 33.3 31.1 43.2


	
"!
........................................................................... (S) 37.4 30.9 (S)

"
	

........................................................................... (S) 49.7 (S) 27.4

#
	
#
........................................................................ (S) 6.5 16.4 14.6

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 6.4 3.8 5.0 5.1

#
	
#
...................................................................... 6.4 3.7 5.8 4.8

#




 ...................................................................... 5.1 6.7 9.8 8.7

311 Food Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6 10.0


	

 ......................................................................... 10.2 11.6 20.9 15.6


	

............................................................................. 7.3 9.7 9.1 10.2


	
!
........................................................................... 5.5 6.4 9.4 7.9


	
"!
........................................................................... 5.2 9.1 7.1 7.5

"
	

........................................................................... 7.6 10.6 6.1 6.3

#
	
#
........................................................................ 2.3 4.0 2.7 5.5

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 2.1 2.9 2.5 1.2

#
	
#
...................................................................... 5.4 7.1 8.3 6.4

#




 ...................................................................... 5.3 7.8 7.7 2.7

312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4 18.2


	

 ......................................................................... 32.4 20.4 39.5 17.8


	

............................................................................. 19.4 27.4 21.4 46.3


	
!
........................................................................... 15.2 15.6 14.1 27.9


	
"!
........................................................................... 14.1 15.0 16.4 (S)

"
	

........................................................................... 28.1 18.0 18.4 47.0

#
	
#
........................................................................ 9.0 12.1 15.0 34.6

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.6 5.5 7.0 4.8

#
	
#
...................................................................... 12.1 11.5 18.5 14.1

#




 ...................................................................... 24.7 24.2 30.8 18.6

313 Textile Mills

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7 6.4


	

 ......................................................................... 15.3 13.3 21.1 8.2


	

............................................................................. 12.7 10.9 12.0 7.5


	
!
........................................................................... 10.0 10.4 12.3 5.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 8.6 8.3 10.0 5.8

"
	

........................................................................... 7.5 9.1 10.4 7.9

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.6 6.7 7.8 4.0

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 8.3 4.6 9.2 7.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 26.3 23.7 41.3 41.4

#




 ...................................................................... 42.2 31.5 39.5 (S)

314 Textile Product Mills

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9 5.2


	

 ......................................................................... 9.2 18.8 19.9 5.3


	

............................................................................. 9.8 12.6 14.1 5.5


	
!
........................................................................... 6.7 10.7 11.6 6.3


	
"!
........................................................................... 17.1 32.5 10.8 (S)

"
	

........................................................................... 17.2 27.8 11.3 35.7

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.3 8.2 9.4 11.6

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 10.3 11.3 13.1 7.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 39.5 43.5 44.5 40.5

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) 27.1 (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-97 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




315 Apparel Manufacturing

Total ...................................................................... 10.6 20.6 31.1 4.8


	

 ......................................................................... 14.1 16.6 23.7 5.3


	

............................................................................. 23.4 48.4 (S) 9.4


	
!
........................................................................... 18.2 22.5 24.9 7.1


	
"!
........................................................................... 25.3 20.6 19.9 14.3

"
	

........................................................................... 17.8 30.4 30.2 15.5

#
	
#
........................................................................ 18.7 21.8 29.5 9.9

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 17.5 17.0 26.8 14.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 37.0 (S) (S) 39.5

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing

Total ...................................................................... 10.0 21.7 23.8 4.4


	

 ......................................................................... 29.8 29.3 29.7 3.9


	

............................................................................. 27.6 21.5 23.4 5.8


	
!
........................................................................... 15.6 18.4 32.3 7.7


	
"!
........................................................................... 31.3 41.1 47.4 14.6

"
	

........................................................................... 27.4 (S) (S) 13.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 15.9 48.4 (S) 9.7

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 18.7 22.7 24.3 10.2

#
	
#
...................................................................... 44.1 38.4 48.7 22.5

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 18.0

321 Wood Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4 6.8


	

 ......................................................................... 16.9 13.8 19.1 8.3


	

............................................................................. 22.8 15.1 20.4 11.7


	
!
........................................................................... 7.7 8.0 11.2 9.6


	
"!
........................................................................... 7.8 5.4 9.6 9.3

"
	

........................................................................... 13.4 8.6 28.1 18.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 4.2 5.6 8.9 10.3

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 7.0 4.0 5.9 4.1

#
	
#
...................................................................... 6.6 11.9 6.6 6.6

#




 ...................................................................... 7.2 9.1 10.7 4.1

322 Paper Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.7


	

 ......................................................................... 20.0 13.4 14.7 3.6


	

............................................................................. 15.4 10.9 12.0 6.6


	
!
........................................................................... 7.1 6.4 6.9 5.3


	
"!
........................................................................... 6.8 6.4 10.1 5.5

"
	

........................................................................... 8.6 7.5 9.8 7.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 3.9 4.5 6.5 4.4

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.8

#
	
#
...................................................................... 10.6 9.7 10.3 10.2

#




 ...................................................................... 4.6 5.3 7.0 3.0

323 Printing and Related Support Activities

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6 5.9


	

 ......................................................................... 6.3 7.6 11.9 6.0


	

............................................................................. 4.2 5.9 7.1 4.6


	
!
........................................................................... 10.1 5.6 9.1 4.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 5.4 7.1 11.9 6.7

"
	

........................................................................... 5.3 6.2 11.3 7.4

#
	
#
........................................................................ 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.5

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.3 7.1 5.7 4.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 17.3 28.5 27.4 21.5

#




 ...................................................................... 26.1 (S) (S) 16.7

See footnotes at end of table.
B-98 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5 12.4


	

 ......................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 5.4


	

............................................................................. (S) 36.5 42.1 9.6


	
!
........................................................................... (S) 29.0 39.9 8.6


	
"!
........................................................................... 29.1 33.9 36.2 12.1

"
	

........................................................................... 26.2 30.9 38.3 10.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 11.7 11.0 15.8 9.8

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 8.2 8.3 5.6 8.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 12.9 10.8 9.9 6.7

#




 ...................................................................... 4.9 5.9 9.7 9.6

325 Chemical Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5 3.8


	

 ......................................................................... 15.7 8.6 7.4 4.3


	

............................................................................. 19.4 10.4 13.4 4.1


	
!
........................................................................... 12.2 6.2 8.2 3.6


	
"!
........................................................................... 15.7 7.5 6.6 6.3

"
	

........................................................................... 12.2 7.4 9.4 6.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 12.9 6.1 5.3 4.7

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 3.7 5.6 3.8 5.1

#
	
#
...................................................................... 30.9 12.8 13.8 9.1

#




 ...................................................................... 9.2 8.5 8.8 1.8

326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8 3.6


	

 ......................................................................... 7.0 6.2 8.7 3.6


	

............................................................................. 5.8 6.6 12.8 5.8


	
!
........................................................................... 4.9 5.5 9.0 4.9


	
"!
........................................................................... 5.8 4.8 6.7 4.6

"
	

........................................................................... 4.6 4.8 7.3 3.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 2.6 4.9 4.2 3.5

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.3 1.9

#
	
#
...................................................................... 26.5 23.1 32.5 15.7

#




 ...................................................................... 24.6 24.0 25.3 18.6

327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0 6.7


	

 ......................................................................... 10.3 11.7 13.1 5.6


	

............................................................................. 11.1 11.9 14.8 7.5


	
!
........................................................................... 20.1 14.6 19.3 8.2


	
"!
........................................................................... 26.9 13.4 18.0 9.3

"
	

........................................................................... 31.6 17.0 41.1 9.3

#
	
#
........................................................................ 24.5 4.6 19.4 9.9

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 2.6 5.2 2.6 4.4

#
	
#
...................................................................... 4.6 6.3 7.0 4.4

#




 ...................................................................... 6.9 14.0 13.0 11.0

331 Primary Metal Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7 3.7


	

 ......................................................................... 11.7 12.7 13.7 6.8


	

............................................................................. 12.4 19.9 20.7 6.1


	
!
........................................................................... 6.9 9.8 10.7 6.5


	
"!
........................................................................... 10.1 7.9 9.1 6.2

"
	

........................................................................... 10.4 10.1 9.1 6.7

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.2 5.9 6.8 3.8

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 3.3 5.2 5.6 2.2

#
	
#
...................................................................... 10.2 13.4 12.6 9.8

#




 ...................................................................... 5.2 6.8 9.9 5.6

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-99 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7 2.6


	

 ......................................................................... 5.0 4.4 5.6 3.5


	

............................................................................. 5.2 5.4 6.5 3.8


	
!
........................................................................... 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.4

"
	

........................................................................... 5.2 4.7 8.6 5.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 2.8 5.6 3.5 3.7

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 3.6 5.5 3.7 4.0

#
	
#
...................................................................... 8.9 17.1 12.0 17.8

#




 ...................................................................... 15.5 23.5 29.8 11.0

333 Machinery Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7 3.1


	

 ......................................................................... 3.4 2.8 4.6 3.3


	

............................................................................. 4.9 5.2 5.5 3.1


	
!
........................................................................... 4.7 3.9 3.4 2.7


	
"!
........................................................................... 7.6 7.6 6.5 3.3

"
	

........................................................................... 5.2 6.8 7.0 4.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 5.0 5.2 5.2 2.8

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.4 7.7 10.8 5.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 16.2 16.3 19.5 5.9

#




 ...................................................................... 20.1 26.2 41.8 9.0

334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7 2.8


	

 ......................................................................... 4.1 6.9 6.4 3.0


	

............................................................................. 7.2 8.3 8.4 3.1


	
!
........................................................................... 5.4 5.0 6.1 3.7


	
"!
........................................................................... 8.6 8.3 11.2 5.5

"
	

........................................................................... 9.5 9.0 15.3 7.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 10.9 8.4 8.9 4.7

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 36.4 14.2 15.6 8.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 34.7 (S) 42.0 18.8

#




 ...................................................................... (S) 36.6 37.2 22.0

335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3 3.5


	

 ......................................................................... 8.2 7.3 8.5 2.7


	

............................................................................. 5.2 6.9 7.4 2.7


	
!
........................................................................... 6.3 8.0 6.2 7.4


	
"!
........................................................................... 9.5 10.0 9.6 3.3

"
	

........................................................................... 9.8 5.5 7.8 6.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 5.4 5.9 6.4 2.4

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.3 5.3 8.5 4.1

#
	
#
...................................................................... 21.4 20.8 20.9 10.8

#




 ...................................................................... 42.9 37.3 38.9 11.6

336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3 2.4


	

 ......................................................................... 10.7 10.6 10.2 3.2


	

............................................................................. 6.9 8.4 7.7 3.4


	
!
........................................................................... 8.1 4.6 6.6 4.1


	
"!
........................................................................... 14.5 10.8 12.1 7.7

"
	

........................................................................... 18.9 8.3 10.2 5.0

#
	
#
........................................................................ 10.7 10.5 11.2 7.3

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 4.9 5.0 5.7 2.4

#
	
#
...................................................................... 13.6 25.9 13.3 16.0

#




 ...................................................................... 43.0 19.8 24.7 9.7

See footnotes at end of table.
B-100 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




337 Furniture Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8 3.2


	

 ......................................................................... 13.7 15.7 19.7 4.6


	

............................................................................. 6.3 8.3 11.1 4.2


	
!
........................................................................... 5.8 7.3 6.8 3.5


	
"!
........................................................................... 4.5 7.6 7.0 4.3

"
	

........................................................................... 6.3 7.4 6.8 5.4

#
	
#
........................................................................ 3.0 4.2 4.1 3.3

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 10.9 14.8 11.4 3.8

#
	
#
...................................................................... 20.8 26.1 44.6 11.4

#




 ...................................................................... 34.8 (S) (S) 23.5

339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 11.7 15.9 4.3


	

 ......................................................................... 3.9 6.3 6.7 4.7


	

............................................................................. 8.7 6.6 5.6 3.5


	
!
........................................................................... 5.3 5.1 5.4 2.2


	
"!
........................................................................... 9.1 11.3 16.1 5.6

"
	

........................................................................... 8.9 7.9 8.6 6.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.8 8.5 8.0 4.3

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 7.0 21.7 27.0 5.4

#
	
#
...................................................................... 30.7 (S) (S) 17.1

#




 ...................................................................... 37.5 40.7 42.3 26.3

4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 17.4 11.1 13.1


	

 ......................................................................... 5.5 6.7 16.0 13.2


	

............................................................................. 9.1 9.7 26.6 14.3


	
!
........................................................................... 8.7 7.0 26.5 14.7


	
"!
........................................................................... 12.0 6.8 13.5 10.6

"
	

........................................................................... 8.2 8.2 10.1 10.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.8 12.6 22.9 7.8

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 21.3 33.7 17.2 16.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 25.8 33.5 36.5 (S)

#




 ...................................................................... 41.7 23.2 32.4 30.9

4232 Furniture and Home Furnishings

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0 20.7 7.5


	

 ......................................................................... 11.6 22.0 30.2 8.4


	

............................................................................. 12.7 14.7 18.0 7.1


	
!
........................................................................... 7.0 7.3 11.9 7.3


	
"!
........................................................................... 8.9 8.6 18.2 9.0

"
	

........................................................................... 9.8 9.6 17.3 9.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 7.0 7.7 11.5 7.0

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 9.1 10.9 22.8 11.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 24.3 35.0 (S) 24.7

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 20.9

4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4 13.8 10.8


	

 ......................................................................... 7.8 5.9 16.9 13.6


	

............................................................................. 5.5 5.8 19.6 14.4


	
!
........................................................................... 3.8 4.0 15.9 13.6


	
"!
........................................................................... 4.7 3.8 14.9 11.6

"
	

........................................................................... 5.4 4.6 10.3 8.7

#
	
#
........................................................................ 4.3 4.3 7.1 8.2

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 3.8 9.6 5.6 7.8

#
	
#
...................................................................... 12.2 12.8 19.1 13.6

#




 ...................................................................... 23.9 27.5 47.3 24.7

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-101 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2 14.3 5.8


	

 ......................................................................... 5.0 4.4 10.1 5.8


	

............................................................................. 6.3 8.1 8.1 7.2


	
!
........................................................................... 7.4 6.5 7.4 7.4


	
"!
........................................................................... 8.1 8.5 9.0 9.8

"
	

........................................................................... 19.1 24.1 (S) 15.5

#
	
#
........................................................................ 8.4 12.7 18.7 14.2

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 18.3 22.1 22.4 20.6

#
	
#
...................................................................... (S) 32.1 (S) 27.7

#




 ...................................................................... 38.5 (S) 40.2 (S)

4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 10.7 13.8 8.3


	

 ......................................................................... 9.6 8.8 18.0 11.9


	

............................................................................. 7.8 8.1 18.0 10.3


	
!
........................................................................... 6.2 5.2 9.5 10.1


	
"!
........................................................................... 4.7 5.7 12.9 15.5

"
	

........................................................................... 7.1 5.8 11.4 8.7

#
	
#
........................................................................ 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.7

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 13.2 19.8 19.6 18.6

#




 ...................................................................... 17.5 35.9 35.2 13.9

4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4 14.1 6.0


	

 ......................................................................... 4.7 6.6 8.7 6.3


	

............................................................................. 8.8 7.6 12.4 8.3


	
!
........................................................................... 7.7 6.4 10.5 8.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 6.8 7.5 13.2 10.0

"
	

........................................................................... 17.0 14.5 42.4 16.9

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.9 8.3 13.2 9.0

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 23.1 18.5 23.7 13.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 45.1 36.8 28.0 (S)

#




 ...................................................................... (S) 37.2 (S) (S)

4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 11.1 12.9 6.8


	

 ......................................................................... 6.0 5.5 9.7 7.8


	

............................................................................. 7.7 6.0 11.6 9.8


	
!
........................................................................... 5.7 4.2 7.2 7.7


	
"!
........................................................................... 7.5 5.7 9.6 9.7

"
	

........................................................................... 9.9 6.4 14.3 11.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 4.6 4.9 6.9 6.3

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 12.2 12.8 15.4 13.6

#
	
#
...................................................................... 32.0 34.3 (S) 40.8

#




 ...................................................................... (S) 34.6 (S) 27.2

4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 13.1 7.0 4.9


	

 ......................................................................... 4.2 3.9 7.1 5.4


	

............................................................................. 5.6 4.6 8.4 4.9


	
!
........................................................................... 3.8 4.3 7.1 5.2


	
"!
........................................................................... 5.2 5.8 8.6 9.0

"
	

........................................................................... 10.6 8.1 10.2 11.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 4.7 6.6 10.2 5.1

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.6 26.8 9.4 10.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 12.7 16.2 29.1 30.6

#




 ...................................................................... 17.7 23.2 (S) 19.5

See footnotes at end of table.
B-102 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 14.6 11.0 3.9


	

 ......................................................................... 7.4 9.6 12.3 3.5


	

............................................................................. 10.8 12.2 13.3 6.0


	
!
........................................................................... 9.7 12.2 18.3 6.5


	
"!
........................................................................... 9.7 13.4 18.3 10.2

"
	

........................................................................... 16.1 21.7 14.6 16.4

#
	
#
........................................................................ 9.9 10.9 15.2 12.5

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.9 18.6 14.5 18.1

#
	
#
...................................................................... 13.2 22.0 14.6 27.2

#




 ...................................................................... 10.9 12.9 20.9 12.2

4241 Paper and Paper Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 11.5 23.7 7.5


	

 ......................................................................... 7.0 4.9 15.2 8.1


	

............................................................................. 7.6 4.8 7.1 7.7


	
!
........................................................................... 3.8 4.1 8.8 9.2


	
"!
........................................................................... 7.6 5.9 9.7 9.8

"
	

........................................................................... 9.8 7.9 17.2 20.3

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.1 6.0 17.0 11.9

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 7.6 9.9 16.3 10.8

#
	
#
...................................................................... 32.2 (S) (S) 17.6

#




 ...................................................................... 48.4 40.6 42.9 11.4

4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.2 11.8 6.9


	

 ......................................................................... 10.4 7.9 8.4 7.2


	

............................................................................. 14.7 12.8 16.6 12.3


	
!
........................................................................... 14.5 14.8 22.4 9.8


	
"!
........................................................................... 19.3 19.6 35.2 10.8

"
	

........................................................................... 28.5 21.4 30.5 12.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 14.4 36.3 13.6 11.4

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 20.0 28.3 14.9 25.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 28.1 40.4 (S) 38.0

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 39.6

4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 12.9 20.6 4.0


	

 ......................................................................... 8.7 7.8 9.7 3.8


	

............................................................................. 10.1 7.8 10.8 6.1


	
!
........................................................................... 11.8 9.1 13.2 6.9


	
"!
........................................................................... 11.8 10.4 12.6 9.0

"
	

........................................................................... 17.8 12.7 15.3 11.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 10.5 9.9 18.5 6.9

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 12.1 31.0 (S) 13.3

#
	
#
...................................................................... 45.0 43.1 (S) 35.9

#




 ...................................................................... 23.9 27.5 (S) 38.9

4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4 7.4


	

 ......................................................................... 7.7 8.3 20.1 17.7


	

............................................................................. 5.0 4.7 9.8 6.5


	
!
........................................................................... 3.5 4.2 6.8 5.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 3.4 4.5 6.8 4.8

"
	

........................................................................... 4.5 6.1 7.9 5.2

#
	
#
........................................................................ 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.1

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 3.9 5.0 6.4 4.1

#
	
#
...................................................................... 12.8 27.8 39.8 20.3

#




 ...................................................................... 26.0 26.2 43.7 11.8

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-103 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




4245 Farm Product Raw Materials

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 10.2 14.5


	

 ......................................................................... (S) 28.6 44.0 28.1


	

............................................................................. 28.7 28.5 35.0 34.3


	
!
........................................................................... 30.7 26.1 39.7 41.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 30.2 28.2 45.7 22.0

"
	

........................................................................... 25.8 22.8 34.4 34.8

#
	
#
........................................................................ 16.7 18.3 22.2 26.2

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 12.1 8.6 16.8 14.0

#
	
#
...................................................................... 8.4 9.6 10.6 8.0

#




 ...................................................................... 8.0 8.1 11.3 10.1

4246 Chemical and Allied Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.1 17.5 8.9


	

 ......................................................................... 11.4 16.1 10.7 13.9


	

............................................................................. 15.5 12.8 13.8 13.9


	
!
........................................................................... 11.1 14.6 15.2 14.8


	
"!
........................................................................... 9.8 13.0 13.9 18.1

"
	

........................................................................... 10.8 14.6 12.2 19.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 6.5 9.8 10.7 10.4

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 7.6 25.1 18.3 7.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 18.3 25.9 23.9 21.4

#




 ...................................................................... 21.0 33.5 41.3 13.7

4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6 12.4


	

 ......................................................................... 48.0 36.2 (S) 17.2


	

............................................................................. 27.5 17.5 47.7 15.8


	
!
........................................................................... 13.0 10.6 17.5 12.8


	
"!
........................................................................... 10.8 11.3 18.9 22.8

"
	

........................................................................... 10.8 12.2 13.2 12.5

#
	
#
........................................................................ 7.2 6.9 8.8 8.1

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 5.8 5.2 11.6 9.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 6.0 5.8 7.9 4.7

#




 ...................................................................... 17.7 19.3 28.4 22.0

4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 14.8 6.0


	

 ......................................................................... (S) 11.9 11.7 18.6


	

............................................................................. 8.8 5.8 8.6 5.9


	
!
........................................................................... 6.3 4.3 5.8 5.3


	
"!
........................................................................... 3.0 3.5 7.6 9.3

"
	

........................................................................... 5.4 4.3 8.1 5.6

#
	
#
........................................................................ 4.2 4.1 6.1 7.0

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 9.9 8.9 31.3 29.7

#
	
#
...................................................................... 25.3 25.0 31.8 32.3

#




 ...................................................................... 36.5 40.1 (S) 10.9

4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6 18.7 7.7


	

 ......................................................................... 5.4 9.6 12.3 7.8


	

............................................................................. 6.1 7.7 13.8 13.2


	
!
........................................................................... 4.6 5.9 13.8 9.2


	
"!
........................................................................... 5.3 7.5 8.3 9.9

"
	

........................................................................... 5.4 7.2 7.1 7.7

#
	
#
........................................................................ 5.5 6.6 11.6 10.2

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 9.6 10.1 13.1 10.5

#
	
#
...................................................................... 15.5 14.7 20.8 13.0

#




 ...................................................................... 21.6 18.6 30.9 15.5

See footnotes at end of table.
B-104 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail Order Houses

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1 2.4


	

 ......................................................................... 7.3 9.4 8.3 2.4


	

............................................................................. 11.2 17.2 19.6 6.7


	
!
........................................................................... 15.4 20.6 17.1 14.6


	
"!
........................................................................... 22.9 23.8 27.5 20.5

"
	

........................................................................... 33.7 34.2 (S) 17.1

#
	
#
........................................................................ 37.5 17.9 30.2 13.2

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 43.5 26.6 33.5 15.8

#
	
#
...................................................................... 44.9 36.0 2.5 (S)

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

45431 Fuel Dealers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 33.2 7.3


	

 ......................................................................... 18.8 18.0 13.7 22.3


	

............................................................................. 8.9 6.8 9.0 8.7


	
!
........................................................................... 8.3 8.1 11.9 5.4


	
"!
........................................................................... 5.1 6.1 17.7 15.2

"
	

........................................................................... 7.3 7.3 11.3 10.0

#
	
#
........................................................................ 5.2 5.5 15.5 9.1

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 16.6 15.2 (S) 23.5

#
	
#
...................................................................... 31.1 31.8 (S) 18.6

#




 ...................................................................... 49.2 44.9 27.6 32.8

4931 Warehousing and Storage

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0 4.4


	

 ......................................................................... 14.2 11.7 15.3 3.5


	

............................................................................. 17.6 8.9 13.4 7.9


	
!
........................................................................... 14.9 12.9 4.9 8.8


	
"!
........................................................................... 9.4 7.2 8.9 10.3

"
	

........................................................................... 17.6 8.9 10.9 9.7

#
	
#
........................................................................ 10.3 4.0 5.1 5.5

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 7.9 4.9 6.0 3.6

#
	
#
...................................................................... 22.6 28.3 36.9 13.6

#




 ...................................................................... 23.7 23.3 34.0 12.0

5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8 14.4 25.8


	

 ......................................................................... 14.2 14.1 12.0 27.5


	

............................................................................. 14.2 15.2 13.7 19.7


	
!
........................................................................... 10.1 15.2 11.8 20.0


	
"!
........................................................................... 34.7 15.8 26.6 14.2

"
	

........................................................................... 21.3 14.6 23.4 26.3

#
	
#
........................................................................ 11.7 11.2 27.3 18.0

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 14.6 10.5 23.6 18.0

#
	
#
...................................................................... 44.5 (S) (S) 35.5

#




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S)

See footnotes at end of table.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-105 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-13.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment 

Weight for the United States: 2007—Con.

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

— 

	




	













	


	




	




551114 	

	





Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3 11.9 4.8


	

 ......................................................................... 16.1 11.9 12.1 3.5


	

............................................................................. 26.0 14.0 16.4 9.2


	
!
........................................................................... 19.1 13.5 11.8 9.7


	
"!
........................................................................... 17.1 21.9 14.3 14.2

"
	

........................................................................... 12.9 30.6 12.0 16.4

#
	
#
........................................................................ 12.1 9.6 14.0 10.3

#
	
!#
...................................................................... 15.5 8.8 13.1 10.6

#
	
#
...................................................................... 26.4 14.4 26.4 15.8

#




 ...................................................................... 28.4 17.4 24.8 11.7

(S) Estimate did not meet publication standards.

1

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
B-106 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-14. 

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Origin State for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

$

		

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

—

	




	






Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.8 11.2

Alaska........................................................................................................... 15.9 16.4 15.9

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.1 12.7

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 10.7 4.0

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 6.8 3.6

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 14.4 19.6

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.0 9.9

Delaware ........................................................................................................ 15.2 18.3 18.9

District of Columbia ................................................................................................ 20.4 26.3 18.4

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 7.9 5.7

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 11.1 4.4

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 23.6 20.0

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 6.6 10.6

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 8.8

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 7.0 4.5

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 9.0 11.2

Kansas .......................................................................................................... 10.5 10.4 12.0

Kentucky......................................................................................................... 16.3 10.5 12.8

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 5.7 7.8

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 18.0 12.6

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.6 10.5

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 12.4 2.8

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.0 7.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.3 13.2

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 13.1 15.9

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.5 12.2

Montana ......................................................................................................... 10.3 28.0 27.1

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 28.2 13.0

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 15.2 16.4

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 9.7 10.9

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.8 9.4

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 22.3 15.9

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 5.3 17.0

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 5.1 2.6

North Dakota ..................................................................................................... 10.3 21.7 22.5

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.7 7.1

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 8.0 6.0

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 13.0 12.7

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 9.4 6.0

Rhode Island ..................................................................................................... 12.5 17.8 15.9

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 8.2 7.2

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 14.8 14.3

Tennessee ....................................................................................................... 11.4 14.0 20.3

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 5.1

Utah ............................................................................................................ 14.5 12.4 19.2

Vermont ......................................................................................................... 12.4 14.9 24.7

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 10.1 18.9

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 7.7 16.4

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 17.6 20.0

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 10.5 14.0

Wyoming......................................................................................................... 11.6 15.5 13.9

1

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-107 

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Table B-15.

Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Destination State for the 

United States: 2007

[Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

%		
		

Value— 

	




	






 

	




	






1

—

	




	






Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.3 9.2

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 15.6 14.2

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.4 6.8

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 9.8 19.5

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 7.0 5.0

Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 10.3 10.0

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.5 8.5

Delaware ........................................................................................................ 10.9 18.9 23.3

District of Columbia ................................................................................................ 14.3 24.9 36.5

Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 6.7 9.5

Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 8.2 10.2

Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 20.0 10.2

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 8.7 10.6

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 5.9 14.3

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 7.8 12.3

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 7.2 11.2

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.8 13.1

Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 8.5 16.7

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 7.6 11.8

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 16.3 11.2

Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 9.0 7.9

Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 12.3 5.1

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 6.6 10.2

Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 6.2 8.3

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 8.8 19.8

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 6.9 18.0

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 24.3 11.7

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 30.3 10.8

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 13.5 8.6

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10.2 9.8

New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 8.1 14.6

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 25.4 8.2

New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 5.4 4.3

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.5 8.3

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 25.5 21.1

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.8 7.2

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 8.1 13.1

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 12.0 13.9

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 6.5 7.0

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 13.7 15.4

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 6.2 7.1

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.0 14.8

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 8.6 6.9

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.7 8.6

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 9.6 7.6

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.3 8.7

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 9.2 13.5

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 8.0 10.6

West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 11.7 13.0

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.5 9.9

Wyoming......................................................................................................... 10.0 23.9 17.8

1

 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information.

Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be 

found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States C-1

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Appendix C.

Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation

INTRODUCTION

The primary goal for the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey 

(CFS) was to estimate shipping volumes (value, tons, and 

ton-miles) by commodity and mode of transportation at 

varying levels of geographic detail. A secondary objective 

was to estimate the volume of shipments moving from 

one geographic area to another (i.e., flows of commodities 

between states, regions, etc.) by mode and commodity. A 

detailed description of the sample design for the 2007 CFS 

is provided below.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The sample for the 2007 CFS was selected using a stratified three-stage design in which the first-stage sampling 

units were establishments, the second-stage sampling 

units were groups of four 1-week periods (reporting weeks) 

within the survey year, and the third-stage sampling units 

were shipments.

First Stage—Establishment Selection

Sampling frame

To create the first-stage sampling frame, a subset of establishment records (as of August 2006) was extracted from 

the U.S. Census Bureau’s Business Register. The Business 

Register is a database of all known establishments located 

in the United States or its territories. An establishment 

is a single physical location where business transactions 

take place or services are performed. Most establishments 

located in the United States, having nonzero payroll in 

2005, and classified in mining (except oil and gas extraction), manufacturing, wholesale, electronic shopping and 

mail order, fuel dealers, and publishing industries, as 

defined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification 

System (NAICS), were included on the sampling frame. 

Certain manufacturers (pre-press services) and wholesalers (manufacturers’ sales offices, agents and brokers, and 

certain importers) were excluded from the frame.

Auxiliary establishments (e.g., warehouses and central 

administrative offices) with shipping activity were also 

included on the sampling frame. Auxiliary establishments 

are establishments that are primarily involved in rendering support services for other establishments within the 

same company instead of for the public, government, or 

other business firms. Establishments classified in forestry, 

fishing, utilities, construction, transportation, and all other 

retail and services industries were not included on the 

sampling frame. Farms and government-owned entities 

(except government-owned wholesale liquor stores) were 

also excluded from the sampling frame. 

The resulting frame comprised approximately 754,000 

establishments as listed in the table below.

Trade area Establishments

Mining 6,789

Manufacturing 327,826

Wholesale 356,477

Retail 25,190

Services 22,539

Auxiliaries 14,878

 Total 753,699

For each establishment, sales, payroll, number of employees, a six-digit NAICS code, name and address, and a primary identifier were extracted, and a measure of size was 

computed. The measure of size was designed to approximate an establishment’s annual total value of shipments for 

the year 2004.

All of the establishments included on the sampling frame 

had state, county, and place geographic codes, which were 

used to assign each establishment to one of the 73 metropolitan areas (MAs) defined as a combination of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), combined statistical areas 

(CSAs), and states. Establishments not located in an MA 

were assigned to the balance of the state.

Stratification

The sampling frame was stratified by geography and 

industry. A particular geographic-by-industry combination defined a “primary stratum.” Geographic strata were 

defined by a combination of the 50 states, the District 

of Columbia, and 65 MAs based on their population and 

importance as transportation gateways. All other MAs were 

collapsed with the non-MAs within the state into rest of 

state (ROS) strata. When an MA crossed state boundaries, 

the size of each part of the MA was considered relative to 

the MAs total measure of size when determining whether 

or not to create strata in each state in which the MA was 

defined. Six MAs had strata in two or more states.

The industry strata were determined as follows. Within 

each of the geographic strata, 48 industry groups were 

defined based on the 2002 NAICS: 3 mining (four-digit 

NAICS); 21 manufacturing (three-digit NAICS); 18 wholesale 

(four-digit NAICS); 2 retail (NAICS 4541 and 45431); 1 ser-
C-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

vices (NAICS 5111 and 51223 combined); and 3 auxiliary 

(combinations of NAICS 4931 and 551114). 

If a three- or four-digit NAICS industry contributed at least 

4 percent of the total value (based on sampling measure 

of size) or tonnage (based on 2002 CFS data) for the 

geographic stratum or the nation, it was designated as 

a do not collapse industry stratum within the geographic 

stratum. Industries not meeting this level of activity within 

a geographic stratum were grouped with other similar 

industries. The remaining industry strata were collapsed 

to form at most 10 collapsed industry strata within each 

geographic stratum.

The method used to collapse the remaining strata used 

2002 CFS data as input to a Classification and Regression 

Tree (CART) procedure that related industries with commodities. The terminal nodes from the CART procedure 

were then grouped using a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Using the results from the hierarchical clustering 

algorithm, some of the clusters were manually regrouped 

to arrive at the final industry clusters.

To produce better estimates of the shipment of hazardous 

materials (hazmat) for 2007, a total of 160 strata targeting 

hazmat shippers were created. Using 2002 CFS data, the 

six-digit NAICS industries that accounted for a large proportion of the estimated total value and/or total tonnage 

for six groups of hazmat were identified. These included 

ammonium nitrate, ethanol, explosives, hydrogen, toxic by 

inhalation, and all other miscellaneous hazmat.

The treatment of auxiliary establishments was modified 

for 2007 to take advantage of the data collected through 

the advance survey. For auxiliaries that responded to the 

advance survey and were considered to be shippers, 123 

strata were created—one in each geographic stratum, combining both NAICS 4931 and 551114. Two national strata 

for auxiliary establishments were also created for those 

that did not respond to the advance survey—one stratum 

for nonresponding warehouses (those classified in NAICS 

4931) and one stratum for nonresponding management 

offices (NAICS 551114).

The table below summarizes the primary stratification of 

the CFS sampling frame. Of the 2,745 primary strata, 232 

were designated as take-all strata because of the small 

number of establishments in the stratum and/or their 

importance.

Primary strata Number

Do not collapse 1,306

Collapsed 1,154

Auxiliaries (advance survey responders) 123

Auxiliaries (advance survey nonresponders) 2

Hazmat 160

 Total 2,745

Sample size and allocation

Sample sizes were computed to meet coefficient of variation (CV) constraints on estimated value of shipments 

totals for each primary stratum. A CV of 1.5 percent on 

the estimated total value of shipments was used for each 

primary stratum because it produced total sample sizes of 

approximately 100,000 establishments.

The primary constraints were budget related, which are 

translated into an approximate fixed sample size for the 

survey. The goal of the design was to allocate this fixed 

total sample size in a statistically efficient manner. The CV 

constraints were primarily used as a tool to allocate more 

of the sample to more important strata. It was assumed 

that the cost of data collection would not vary by stratum. 

Maximum sampling weight and minimum sample size 

constraints were also imposed. For the CFS designs, the 

maximum first stage sample weight was set to 100 and the 

minimum sample size to 2 establishments per stratum.

The procedure for determining sampling parameters was 

an iterative computerized process. The sample design programs used in the process are part of a group of generalized programs that have been modified to accommodate 

the needs of the survey but use common methods, such 

as the Dalenius & Hodges cumulative sqrt(f) procedure, 

Neyman allocation, and similar rules for determining 

acceptable designs.

For each (non-take-all) primary sampling stratum, the survey designer specified as input to a Generalized Univariate 

Stratification (GUS) program: 

s The desired number of bins (for a frequency distribution used in the Dalenius & Hodges’ cumulative sqrt[f] 

procedure). 

s The desired number of size strata. 

s The desired number of certainty companies. 

s The desired coefficient of variation for total value of 

shipments. 

s The maximum sampling weight. 

s The minimum sample size. 

Once designs were determined for each of the primary 

strata, the information from these designs was used as input 

to a program that attempted to more efficiently allocate the 

sample to meet the desired CV on each primary stratum and 

also determine the sample sizes needed to meet a national 

level constraint. Designs with a national level constraint 

tend to allocate more samples to the larger states so there is 

a trade off between better national estimates and the quality 

of the more detailed geographic estimates. For the 2007 

CFS, a design with a primary strata CV of 1.7 percent and 

a national CV of 0.036 percent was chosen. The final first 

stage sample size was 102,369 establishments.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States C-3

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Second Stage—Reporting Week Selection

The frame for the second stage of sampling consisted of 

52 weeks from January 6, 2007, to January 4, 2008. Each 

establishment selected into the 2007 CFS sample was systematically assigned to report for four reporting weeks—

one in each quarter of the reference year. Each of the four 

weeks was in the same relative position of the quarter. For 

example, an establishment might have been requested to 

report data for the 5th, 18th, 31st, and 44th weeks of the 

reference year. In this instance, each reporting week corresponds to the 5th week of each quarter. Prior to assignment of weeks to establishments, the selected sample was 

sorted by primary stratum (state by metropolitan area by 

industry) and measure-of-size.

Third Stage—Shipment Selection

For each of the four reporting weeks in which an establishment was asked to report, the respondent was requested 

to construct a sampling frame consisting of all shipments 

made by the establishment in the reporting week. Each 

respondent was asked to count or estimate the total number of shipments comprising the sampling frame and to 

record this number on the questionnaire. For each assigned 

reporting week, if an establishment made more than 40

shipments during that week, the respondent was asked to 

select a systematic sample of the establishment’s shipments and to provide information only about the selected 

shipments. If an establishment made 40 or fewer shipments during that week, the respondent was asked to provide information about all of the establishment’s shipments 

made during that week (i.e., no sampling was required).

DATA COLLECTION

Each establishment selected into the CFS sample was 

mailed a questionnaire for each of its four reporting weeks, 

that is, an establishment was sent a questionnaire once 

every quarter of 2007. For a given establishment, the 

respondent was asked to provide the following information 

about each of the establishment’s reported shipments:

s Shipment ID number 

s Shipment date (mm/dd) 

s Shipment value 

s Shipment weight in pounds 

s Commodity code from Standard Classification of 

Transported Goods (SCTG) list 

s Commodity description 

s United Nations or North America (UN/NA) number for 

hazardous material shipments 

s U.S. destination (city, state, Zip Code)—or gateway for 

export shipment 

s Modes of transport 

s An indication of whether the shipment was an export 

s City and country of destination for exports 

s Export mode 

For a shipment that included more than one commodity, 

the respondent was instructed to report the commodity 

that made up the greatest percentage of the shipment’s 

weight.

IMPUTATION OF SHIPMENT VALUE OR WEIGHT

To correct for nonresponse to either the value or weight 

for a given shipment reported in the CFS, the missing value 

for the item (or value that failed edit) was replaced by a 

predicted value obtained from an appropriate model. Such 

a shipment was considered a “recipient” if it had a valid 

commodity code and the other item reported was greater 

than zero and had passed edit. The recipient’s item that 

was missing or failed edit was imputed as follows. First, a 

“donor” shipment was randomly selected from shipments 

that were reported in the CFS with:

s The same commodity code as the recipient. 

s Both value and weight items reported greater than zero 

and had passed edit. 

s Similar origin and value for the item reported by the 

recipient. 

Then, the donor’s value and weight data were used to 

calculate a ratio, which was then applied to the recipient’s reported item to impute the item that was missing 

or failed edit. If no donor was found, the median ratio for 

all shipments reported in the survey with the same commodity code as the recipient—and with both value and 

weight items reported greater than zero—was applied to 

the recipient’s reported item. For either the value or weight 

item, about 3 percent of the shipment records used for the 

calculation of estimates had imputed data for the item.

ESTIMATION

Estimated totals (e.g., value of shipments, tons, ton-miles) 

were produced as the sum of weighted shipment data 

(reported or imputed). Percentage change and percentageof-total estimates were derived using the appropriate 

estimated totals. Estimates of average miles per shipment 

were computed by dividing a weighted estimate of the 

total miles traveled by the estimated weighted number 

of shipments.

Each shipment had associated with it a single tabulation 

weight, which was used in computing all estimates to 

which the shipment contributes. The tabulation weight 

was a product of seven different component weights and 

a noise factor. A description of each component weight 

follows.
C-4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

CFS respondents provided data for a sample of shipments 

made by their respective establishments in the survey year. 

For each establishment, an estimate of that establishment’s 

total value of shipments was produced for the entire survey year. To do this, four different weights were used—the 

shipment weight, the shipment nonresponse weight, the 

quarter weight, and the quarter nonresponse weight. Three 

additional weights were then applied to produce estimates 

representative of the entire universe—the establishmentlevel adjustment weight, the establishment (or sample) 

weight, and the industry-level adjustment weight.

Like establishments, shipments were identified as either 

certainty or noncertainty (see the “Nonsampling Error” section). For noncertainty shipments, the “shipment weight” 

was defined as the ratio of the reported total number of 

shipments made by an establishment in a reporting week 

to the number of sampled shipments for the same week. 

This weight used data from the sampled shipments to 

represent all the establishment’s shipments made in the 

reporting week. However, a respondent may have failed to 

provide sufficient information about a particular sampled 

shipment. For example, a respondent may not have been 

able to provide value, weight, or a destination for one 

of the sampled shipments. If this data item could not be 

imputed, then this shipment did not contribute to tabulations and was deemed unusable (a “usable shipment” is 

one that has valid entries for value, weight, and origin and 

destination ZIP Codes). To account for these unusable shipments, a “shipment nonresponse weight” was applied. For 

noncertainty shipments from a particular establishment’s 

reporting week, the weight was equal to the ratio of the 

number of sampled shipments for the reporting week to 

the number of usable shipments for the same week. The 

shipment weight for certainty shipments from a particular 

establishment’s reporting week was equal to 1.

The quarter weight inflated an establishment’s estimate 

for a particular reporting week to an estimate for the 

corresponding quarter. For noncertainty shipments, the 

quarter weight was equal to 13. The quarter weight for 

most certainty shipments is also equal to 13. However, if a 

respondent was able to provide information about all large 

(or certainty) shipments made in the quarter containing the 

reporting week, then the quarter weight for each of these 

shipments was one. For each establishment, the quarterly 

estimates were added to produce an estimate of the establishment’s value of shipments for the entire survey year. 

Whenever an establishment did not provide the Census 

Bureau with a response for each of its four reporting 

weeks, a quarter nonresponse weight was computed. The 

“quarter nonresponse weight” for a particular establishment was defined as the ratio of the number of quarters for 

which the establishment was in business in the survey year 

to the total number of quarters (reporting weeks) for which 

usable shipment data was received from the establishment.

Using these four component weights, an estimate of each 

establishment’s value of shipments was computed for the 

entire survey year. This estimate was then multiplied by a 

factor that adjusts the estimate using value of shipments 

and sales data obtained from other surveys and censuses 

conducted by the Census Bureau. This weight, the 

establishment-level adjustment weight, attempted to correct for any sampling or nonsampling errors that occurred 

during the sampling of shipments by the respondent.

The adjusted value of shipments estimate for an establishment was then weighted by the establishment (or sample) 

weight. This weight was equal to the reciprocal of the 

establishment’s probability of being selected into the first 

stage sample.

A final adjustment weight, the industry-level adjustment 

weight, used information from other surveys and censuses 

conducted by the Census Bureau to account for establishment nonresponse or nonuseable response and changes 

in the universe of establishments from 2006 when the 

first-stage sampling frame was constructed and from 2007 

when the data were collected. Separate industry-level 

adjustment weights were determined for nonauxiliary and 

auxiliary establishments. For the final CFS estimates, these 

industry-level adjustments were made by state at the threedigit (Manufacturing) or four-digit (all other industries) 

NAICS levels. There were approximately 2,150 separate 

industry adjustment weights computed.

A noise factor was then applied to provide additional 

disclosure protection (see Appendix B, “Reliability of the 

Estimates”).
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States D-1

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Appendix D.

Standard Classification of Transported Goods 

Code Information

The commodities shown in this report are classified using 

the Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) 

coding system. The SCTG coding system was created 

jointly by U.S. agencies and Canadian governments based 

on the Harmonized System of product classification that is 

used worldwide. The purpose of the SCTG coding system 

was to specifically address statistical needs in regard to 

products transported.

In 1997, 2002, and 2007, the Commodity Flow Survey 

provided respondents with a listing of SCTG codes and 

descriptions at the five-digit level to use in assigning a 

commodity code for each shipment. For shipments of more 

than one commodity, respondents were instructed to use 

the five-digit code for the major commodity, defined as the 

commodity of greatest total weight in the shipment. For 

the data presented on this report, the SCTG codes were 

aggregated to the two-digit level.

Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-1

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Appendix E.

Sample Questionnaire Instructions and Form

The sample questionnaire instructions and form for the fourth quarter are shown on the following pages. 

Note: The questionnaires for each calendar quarter were the same, except for the addition of Item H—“Third Party 

Logistics” to the fourth quarter questionnaire.
E-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

CFS-1100

(10-24-2006)

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Instructions for completing the Commodity Flow Survey also are available on our

website at http://www.census.gov/CFS. If you need to contact us by telephone,

a representative will be glad to assist you. Call us at 1–800–772–7851 between

8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Eastern time.

2007 Commodity Flow

Survey

Instructions for Completing the Commodity Flow Survey

Please read all instructions.

Contents:

INSTRUCTION GUIDE

Part I —

Part II —

Part III —

Instructions for Completing your Questionnaire ...............

Mode of Transportation Definitions .........................

State Postal Abbreviation List .............................

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

v

v

v

Pages 2–6

Page 7

Page 8
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-3

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire

Item D(1): Total Number of Outbound Shipments

Enter in the space provided your total number of outbound shipments for the one

week reporting period printed in Item D(1).

What we mean by a "shipment":

For the purposes of this survey, a shipment is a single consignment of

commodities or products from your establishment to a single customer or to

another specific location of your company transported in commerce, often with

a shipping document such as a manifest, bill of lading, or waybill.

"Commodities" refer to items that the establishment at this location produces,

sells, or distributes, not to items that are considered waste-products (without

value) of your location’s operation.

Include in this count any materials picked up by the customer ("customer

pick-up").

Do not include as shipments such as refuse, scrap paper, waste, and

recyclable materials unless this establishment is in the business of selling

or providing these materials to others.

A full, or partial, truckload should be counted as a single shipment only if all the

commodities on the truck are destined for one location. If a truck makes

multiple deliveries on a route, please count each delivery as one shipment.

A special note about "shipments":

Do not include as shipments internal administrative items, such as

inter-office memos, payroll checks, business correspondence, etc.

Include only those shipments from the location specified in Item B, or

label address if not changed.

Include shipments of commodities of all sizes, by any mode of

transportation (e.g., parcels).

Include any shipment of products from this establishment to another

location of the company if intended for sale (e.g., products moved from

this establishment to a company warehouse).

Do not include as shipments items moved from the establishment at this

location to another location of the company if not intended for

commercial activity (e.g., the transfer of office furniture from one location

of this company to another location of this company for use at the new

location).

Item A: Establishment Name:

Enter only if different from mailing address in label area.

Item B: Physical Location: Enter only if different from mailing address in label area.

Item C: Operating Status: Check the box that best describes this establishment’s operating status during the

designated reporting week.

Include:

Do not include:

If this establishment was inactive and made no outbound shipments during the

designated reporting week: skip to the end of the questionnaire and complete the

Contact information, and then return the form to the Census Bureau in the envelope

provided.
E-4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire

Item D(2): Total Number of Outbound Shipments

Check the appropriate box in Item D(2) to indicate whether this establishment

reported 40 or fewer shipments in Item D(1). If "Yes" is marked, skip to Item F

beginning on page 4 and report the information requested for all shipments made

during the assigned week.

If "No", continue with Item E on page 3 to determine the sample of shipments that

this establishment should report in Item F.

v v v

v v v

v v v

Item E: Sampling Instructions

If you have more than 40 outbound shipments for the one-week reporting period

you are asked to report only a sample of them in Item F.

Item E provides instructions for selecting shipments for which to report in Item F.

(continue with every 5th shipment)

Using the table provided in Item E: Go to the line with the range in column 1 that

includes your total number of shipments for the week. In this example, row 4

(101-200), includes 150 so you would follow the instructions in column 2 which

reads, “Report every 5th outbound shipment”. You would then report the 

following 30 shipments in Item F, beginning on Page 4 of the report form:

Line 1: your 5th outbound shipment

Line 2: your 10th outbound shipment

Line 3: your 15th outbound shipment

Line 30: your 150th outbound shipment

When sampling your shipments, please use the files, or combination of files that

reflect the full range of your location’s shipping activities in terms of modes of transportation used, commodities or products shipped, and destinations.

We’re here to answer your questions! If you have questions about the sampling

process (or any part of the questionnaire) please visit our website at

www.census.gov/cfs or call us at 1-800-772-7851, from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, Eastern

time.

Example

For example, if in Item D(1) you reported 150 outbound shipments for the one-week

period:
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-5

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire – Continued

Item F: Shipment Characteristics

Shipment Date, Column (C) – Enter the month and day of the shipment. If

shipment date is not available, use the invoice/shipping document date. Use

numbers only.

Shipment ID Number, Column (B) – Enter the invoice number, shipment

number, or some other unique identification number that your establishment could

use to find this particular shipping document if questions arise regarding your

report.

Shipment Value, Column (D) – Enter the dollar value, in whole dollars, of the

entire shipment. The value should not include freight charges or excise taxes (i.e.,

report the net selling value, f.o.b. plant). If the value is not readily available from

your records, please estimate.

Net Shipment Weight, Column (E) – Enter the net weight of the total shipment

in whole pounds. If net weight is not readily available from your records, please

estimate.

SCTG Commodity Code, Column (F) – Please use the list of commodity codes

provided in the SCTG Commodity Codes booklet to select the proper code. For

shipments with more than one commodity, enter only the code for the commodity

with the greatest weight. For assistance in locating the appropriate commodity

code, refer to the alphabetized listing of selected commodities at the end of the

SCTG Commodity Codes booklet. Additional assistance is available at our website

at www.census.gov/cfs, or you may call us at 1–800–772–7851 to speak with a

Census Bureau representative.

Commodity Description, Column (G) – Enter a brief description of the

commodity shipped. For shipments with more than one commodity, describe only

the commodity with the greatest weight. Do not use trade names, catalog

numbers, or other codes not familiar to persons outside your business.

0

00

1

2

3

4Line No.

Shipment

date

Shipment value

(excluding 

shipping costs) 

in whole

dollars

Estimates

acceptable.

Net

Shipment weight

in pounds

SCTG

commodity

code from

accompanying

booklet

Commodity description

(A)

(C)

(B) (D) (E) (F) Month Day

Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

(G)

4

4

26

26

244,235

1,375

4840

50,125

Mechanical machinery

Sulfuric acid

Your

Shipment

ID

Number

123-5

402H

Continue with

column (H) on page 5

v

v

v

v

v

v

➜

➜

34520

20222
E-6 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire – Continued

Item F: Shipment Characteristics – Continued

For Hazardous Materials, Column (H) – If shipment is a hazardous material,

enter the 4-digit United Nations (UN) or North American (NA) number.

U.S. Destination or U.S. Exit Port, Column (I) – For domestic shipments, enter

the city, state, and 5-digit ZIP Code of the buyer/receiver as it appears on the

shipping document. Use the "ship to" address. Use the two letter state postal

abbreviation shown in part III.

Important – For export shipments, report the U.S. port of exit as the

destination city. The port of exit is the port or airport from

which the shipment left the country. In case of land

shipments into Mexico or Canada, it is the border crossing.

Mode(s) of Transport to U.S. Destination, Column (J) – Enter the code(s) for

all modes of transport used for the shipment to its U.S. destination (i.e., the

destination reported in Column (I)). Codes are located on the bottom of pages 5

and 7 of the questionnaire. Enter in the sequence used, all that apply. See part II

for definitions of each mode.

For Customer Pick-up: Report the mode(s) of transportation used,

if known. Otherwise, report mode as "0" (unknown).

For Export Shipments: List only the mode(s) of transport used to

reach the U.S. port, airport, or border crossing of exit.

Mode(s) of

transport to

U.S. destination

Enter all that

apply in 

order used.

Use codes at

bottom.

(J)

(I)

U.S. destination 

or U.S. Exit Port

(Complete for all shipments.)

City ZIP Code

Los Angeles C A 90040 2, 4

State

If a

hazardous

material,

enter the

"UN" or

"NA"

number

(H)

18 0 3 Newark N J 07105 4

v

v

v
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-7

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire – Continued

Item F: Shipment Characteristics – Continued

Export Shipment, Column (L) – Indicate whether or not the shipment is intended

for export outside of the United States, by entering a "Y" or "N" (yes or no). For

purposes of this survey, shipments to Puerto Rico and U.S. territories and

possessions are considered exports.

Foreign Destination: City and Country, Column (M) – If the shipment is an

export, enter the foreign city and country of destination. For U.S. Destination,

Column (I), enter the U.S. port, airport, or border crossing of exit. In Column (J),

enter the mode of transport used to the U.S. destination.

Export Mode, Column (N) – If the shipment is an export, enter the code for the

mode of transport by which the shipment left the country. Codes are located at the

bottom of pages 5 and 7 of the questionnaire.

Item G: Monthly Value of Outbound Shipments

Please check the box that corresponds to the total value of all outbound

shipments from this location for the most recently completed calendar month.

0

00

1

2

3

4

(M)

Foreign Destination

(for export shipments only) 

City

Line No.

(O)

Export? (Y/N)

(L)

Export mode

(N) Country

Note: In column (l) enter the U.S. port,

airport, or border crossing of exit.

Intermodal Shipment, Column (K) – An intermodal shipment is defined as a

shipment of a commodity that has been placed within a piece of transportation

equipment that is designed to be interchanged (transferred) between different

modes of transportation under a single rate (e.g., a single bill of lading). Examples

of intermodal transportation include the shipment of commodities in truck trailers

designed to be placed on railroad flat cars (TOFC); shipping containers designed to

be placed on railroad flat cars (COFC); or shipping containers for marine

transportation. Intermodal (IM or ISO) tanks designed for interchange between the

truck, rail and marine modes are also examples of intermodal transportation

reportable in the CFS. Intermodal Shipment? (Y/N)*

(K)

v

v

v

v

Please enter name and telephone number of the person to contact in the event

that we have a question about your report.

Contact

Y Beijing China 6

N

Y

N
E-8 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part II — Mode of Transportation Definitions

Parcel delivery/Courier/U.S. Parcel Post – Includes ground and air shipments of

packages and parcels that each weigh less than 100 pounds, and are transported by

a for-hire carrier.

Private truck – Trucks operated by employees of this establishment or the

buyer/receiver of the shipment. Includes trucks providing dedicated services to this

establishment.

For-hire truck – Shipments by common or contract carriers made under a

negotiated rate.

Railroad – Any common carrier or private railroad.

Shallow draft vessel – Barges, ships, or ferries operating on rivers and canals; in

harbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway, the Intracoastal Waterway, the

Inside Passage to Alaska, major bays and inlets, or in the ocean close to the U.S.

shoreline.

Deep draft vessel – Barges, ships, or ferries operating primarily in the open ocean.

(Shipping on the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified with

shallow draft vessels.)

Pipeline – Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry, etc. through pipelines that

extend to other establishments or locations beyond the shipper’s establishment.

(Aqueducts for the movement of water are not included.)

Air – Any individual package shipped by air that weighs 100 pounds or more.

Other mode – Any mode not listed above.

Unknown – A shipment where you are unable to determine the mode of

transportation.

Note: Transportation equipment that is "shipped" under its own power, such as

boats, barges, ferries, ships, aircraft, trucks, and trains should be classified with

the appropriate mode above. Transportation equipment shipped under its own

power for which an appropriate mode is not listed (e.g., buses, recreational vehicles)

should be listed as "other" mode.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-9

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

Part III — State Postal Abbreviation List

State 

Alabama 

West Virginia 

NOTICE :

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 2

hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing

data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and

reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden

estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions

for reducing this burden, to: Paperwork Project 0607-0932, U.S. Census Bureau, 4700

Silver Hill Road, Stop 1500, Washington, DC 20233-1500. You may e-mail comments

to Paperwork@census.gov; use "Paperwork Project 0607-0932" as the subject.

Respondents are not required to respond to any information collection unless it

displays a valid approval number in the top right corner on the front of the

questionnaire.

Abbrev. State Abbrev.

MO 

AL 

Alaska AK 

Arizona AZ 

Arkansas AR 

California CA 

Colorado CO 

Connecticut CT

Delaware DE 

Dist. of Col. DC 

Florida FL 

Georgia GA 

Hawaii HI 

Idaho ID 

Illinois IL 

Indiana IN 

Iowa IA 

Kansas KS 

Kentucky KY 

Louisiana LA 

Maine ME 

Maryland MD 

Massachusetts MA 

Michigan MI 

Minnesota MN 

Mississippi MS 

Missouri 

Montana MT 

Nebraska NE 

Nevada NV 

New Hampshire NH 

New Jersey NJ 

NM 

New York NY 

North Carolina NC 

North Dakota ND 

Ohio OH 

Oklahoma OK 

Oregon OR 

Pennsylvania PA 

Rhode Island

South Carolina SC 

South Dakota SD 

Tennessee TN 

Texas 

VT 

Virginia VA 

Washington WA

New Mexico

TX 

Utah UT 

Vermont 

WV 

Wisconsin WI 

Wyoming WY

RI
E-10 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200017

§(5!2¤

Please make corrections to name, address, and ZIP code if necessary.

Item A ESTABLISHMENT NAME

Item B PHYSICAL LOCATION

DUE DATE:

PURPOSE OF THIS SURVEY: To develop information on the characteristics of freight flows in the United States. 

The information you provide is critical to understanding transportation markets, investment needs and the economic, energy,

safety, and security consequences of transportation.





Please refer to the accompanying Instruction Guide for help in answering specific questions.

More information is available at www.census.gov/cfs or at 1-800-772-7851.

INSTRUCTIONS:

2007 Commodity Flow Survey

CFS(07)-2000

FORM

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

&'(

Is the establishment name shown above in the mailing address correct?

YOUR RESPONSE IS REQUIRED

BY LAW. 	
)#
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.


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0

	

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+

	

	


	
	

	
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2
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YOUR REPORT IS

CONFIDENTIAL. 5	
4



4
4


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+

	
+		4

-

3


	
+
4


+
4


			

2

6
	
#


	+




+	7









2

1 8

 9

Enter establishment name ➤

Is the establishment’s physical location the same as shown in the mailing label above? PO Box or

rural routes are not physical locations.

9

+
	
	

1 8

If you entered a different location above, please complete the form for that location.

 9

Print physical location below

-	4#
	0#
#
	2

➤

State :5;
-+
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!


Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-11

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200025

§(5!:¤

;


Item C OPERATING STATUS

Item D TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTBOUND SHIPMENTS

Which of the following best describes this establishment’s operating status during the week of

=

	
+
4
	+
	


4

4
	
&
++





4
	

5	
3(2

An outbound shipment in this survey is defined as a movement of commodities from your establishment to 

another single location. If a truck makes multiple stops on a delivery route, please count each stop as one

shipment.


+
	

>#

#
+

	

	+
	2

Estimates are acceptable.

For further information, refer to the Instruction Guide, page 2.

?

1. What was the total number of all outbound shipments for this establishment the week of

	



	+
	

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 ?

6

	

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	+
	
+


	

		2

1 5

	

 

4


4
	

3 -+

	

Enter date ceased operation

%	
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➤ - -

2. Did you enter 40 or fewer shipments above?

1 8

Skip Item E and report all outbound shipments in Item F, pages 4-7.

 9

Continue with Item E, on page 3.
E-12 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200033

§(5!B¤

Item E SAMPLING INSTRUCTIONS

9


	+


	


	+


 =
	

4222

! =
	

4
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B

=
	
 
4
2nd 	+
	

=
	
 
4
3rd 	+
	

=
	
 
4
5th 	+
	

=
	
 
4
10th 	+
	

=
	
 
4
20th 	+
	

=
	
 
4
40th 	+
	

=
	
 
4
80th 	+
	

=
	
 
4
160th 	+
	

=
	
 
4
320th 	+
	

-
-
	
B"""B





	
00022D

Page 3

5

+

	
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4



	


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4

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0
0
4
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	2

	
0

4
identify your sample of shipments.

1. Using the table below, mark the row that includes the total number of outbound shipments reported in

Item D, and the corresponding "report every" number.

@
>

&E(


2. Using your full set of shipments records for the week named in Item D, follow the steps below.

Example: 5

		


	+

	

5	
%#
	
0+


+
	
	






	
	
#
+

4
	
	+
	


+
0+


	+2


	
		
0+
	

	


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5	
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4


	

4


	

	


+2

3. Report these selected shipments in Item F.

For further information, refer to the Instruction Guide, page 3.
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-13

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

§(5!M¤

&( &3(

&-(

&%( &H( &6( &J( &K(

Your

,	

ID

9


,	

Date

,	


&F+


	(


0
+
2

Estimates

acceptable.

Net

,	
M	

in pounds

,-J

+	4

+



4

>	

-+	4
%
	

If a

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#

	

	

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Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS





1



3

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"

123-5

402H

4 26

4 26

224,235 4840 34520 Mechanical machinery

1,375 50,125 20222 Sulfuric acid 1830

NOTE: Each line runs across pages 4 and 5. After entering column H data on page 4

for any line, continue with column (I) on page 5 for the same line.

Continue with

column (I) on page 5

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

B





11



13

!



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"

B





➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

;
! 07200044
E-14 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200058

§(5![¤

&5(

&O( &(

&@(

*2,2
%		



*2,2
HF	
;
	

(Complete for all shipments.)

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*2,2
+		2

Enter all that

apply in

order used.

Use codes

at bottom.

6

%		

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F
	
	
4(

Note: 5

&5(
	

	
*2,2

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F	2

HF
	
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Mode of transport codes for columns (J) and (N):



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6


	
>

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Los Angeles

Newark

CA

NJ

90040

07105

2, 4

4

Y

N





!

=
+



,0
+
	


'

%
+
	


Intermodal shipments (column K): +




6	
-

&$6-(#
-	


6	
-

&-$6-(#

+
5	
+
&5@


5,$(
	>2

"

;

B






$	

+



*>0

5	
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&8D9(

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Y

N

Beijing China 6

*

*
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-15

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200066

§(5!c¤

&( &3(

&-(

&%( &H( &6( &J( &K(

Your

,	

ID

9


,	

Date

,	


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0

+
2

Estimates

acceptable.

Net

,	
M	

in pounds

,-J

-+	4

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4

>	

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%
	

If a

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92

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Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS - Continued





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!



'

"

NOTE: Each line runs across pages 6 and 7. After entering column H data on page 6

for any line, continue with column (I) on page 7 for the same line.

Continue with

column (I) on page 7

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

➜

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31

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E-16 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200074

§(5!k¤

&5(

&O( &(

&@(

*2,2%		



*2,2
HF	
;
	

(Complete for all shipments.)

@+&(


	

	
	

*2,2
+		2

Enter all that

apply in

order used.

Use codes

at bottom.

6

%		

&

F
	
	
4(

Note: 5

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*2,2

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Mode of transport codes for columns (J) and (N):



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6


	
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=
+



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$	

+



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Intermodal shipments (column K): +




6	
-

&$6-(#
-	


6	
-

&-$6-(#

+
5	
+
&5@


5,$(
	>2

*

*
Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-17

Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

07200082

§(5!s¤

Item G MONTHLY VALUE OF OUTBOUND SHIPMENTS

Which of the following represents your best estimate of the total value of all outbound shipments

originating from this establishment for the most recently completed month?

1 
	
U
@

 U
@




	

	
U
@

U
@




	

	
U!
@

! U!
@




	

	
U
@

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U!
@

3 ' U!
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THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING THIS REPORT.

Please return this survey in the enclosed envelope or send it to:

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

1201 East 10th Street

Jeffersonville IN 47132-0001

;
B

Item H THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS

Does this establishment contract out all or a portion of its logistics activities to a 3PL(s)?

1 8  9

Go to Contact below.

Which of the following services does the 3PL(s) provide, manage and arrange for this

establishment? Mark (X) all that apply.

1 

		

 -	
	
0


-
+>

@	



	

		
+
	

	
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++	+
	
>

( '

" -	

>


3 B 6
	

0
+

! =>D+	  5	
4
	

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Which of the following best represents the percentage of this establishment’s outbound

shipments (by weight) which was shipped with the involvement of a 3PL(s) during the last

12 months?

1.

2.

3.

 =

	  5
	
4	

Contact Please provide the information below for the contact person regarding this report.

9

Please print

Area Code

- -

	
 
Please print

,	


-

;
9
 HF	

1 
	
W  '
	
W 3 
	
"W ! "'
	
W


F	



.	

	
	
4



	
+
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+

&);(2

A 3PL is not a contractor who provides only basic logistics services, such as common carrier trucking

and/or public warehousing.

Rather, a 3PL is a contractor that manages and arranges for the provision of multiple logistics

services, including freight forwarding, customs brokerage, contract warehousing, transportation, etc.