UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 22-1133

DARRELL A. THOMPSON,

 Plaintiff - Appellant,

v.

CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., a Florida corporation,

 Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia, at 

Huntington. Robert C. Chambers, District Judge. (3:20-cv-00699)

Submitted: January 11, 2023 Decided: March 3, 2023

Before KING and RICHARDSON, Circuit Judges, and KEENAN, Senior Circuit Judge.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Walt Auvil, EMPLOYMENT LAW CENTER, PLLC, Parkersburg, West 

Virginia, for Appellant. Thomas R. Brice, Jacksonville, Florida, Jonathan Y. Ellis, 

MCGUIREWOODS LLP, Raleigh, North Carolina; Melissa Foster Bird, NELSON 

MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP, Huntington, West Virginia, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:

Darrell A. Thompson appeals from the district court’s order granting CSX’s motion 

for summary judgment on Thompson’s age discrimination complaint. The district court 

ruled that Thompson failed to make a prima facie showing of discrimination. Further, the 

court ruled that, even if a prima facie case was made, Thompson failed to show either that 

CSX’s legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for his termination was pretextual or that he 

had established a mixed-motive theory of age discrimination. 

On appeal, Thompson challenges only the district court’s conclusion that he failed 

to make a prima facie showing of discrimination. After CSX argued that Thompson had 

forfeited any challenge to the district court’s remaining conclusions, Thompson argued in 

his reply brief that “[p]retext and mixed-motive analyses are not separate analyses from the 

overall analysis of whether Plaintiff’s evidence is sufficient to support an inference of 

discrimination.” (Appellant’s Reply Br. (ECF No. 19) at 8).*

 Given that Thompson did not 

attempt, even in his reply brief, to substantively brief the issues of pretext and 

mixed-motive, he has waived any assignment of error on these determinative issues. See 

Grayson O Co. v. Agadir Int’l, LLC, 856 F.3d 307, 316 (4th Cir. 2017) (“A party waives 

an argument by failing to present it in its opening brief or by failing to develop its 

argument—even if its brief takes a passing shot at the issue.”). Further, while the district 

court can consider a plaintiff’s prima facie case and the inferences that can be drawn 

therefrom for the purposes of analyzing pretext and mixed-motive, “the prima facie case, 

* We cite to the electronic page number.

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a mechanism peculiar to the pretext framework, is never by itself sufficient to permit a 

plaintiff to escape an adverse summary judgment ruling except in the rare instance when 

an employer is silent in the face of the presumption it raises.” Diamond v. Colonial Life & 

Acc. Ins., 416 F.3d 310, 318-19 (4th Cir. 2005). 

Because, on appeal, Thompson has not addressed the pretext or mixed-motive 

issues, he has waived his right to challenge the district court’s determinations on those 

issues. Accordingly, we affirm. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and 

legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument 

would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED

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