Northeast NPR-A Supplemental IAP/EIS 

TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME II

CHAPTER IV: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES (SECTIONS 4.1-4.6) 

4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4-5 

4.2 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES 

ASSESSMENT...................................................................................................................... 4-7

 4.2.1 Ground-impacting Management Actions......................................................................... 4-7 

4.2.2 Oil Spills.......................................................................................................................... 4-58 

4.3 ALTERNATIVE A................................................................................................................. 4-70 

4.3.1 Air Quality and Climate ................................................................................................. 4-70 

4.3.2 Paleontological Resources .............................................................................................. 4-74

 4.3.3 Soil Resources ................................................................................................................. 4-76 

4.3.4 Water Resources ............................................................................................................. 4-86 

4.3.5 Vegetation ....................................................................................................................... 4-98 

4.3.6 Wetlands and Floodplains ............................................................................................4-108 

4.3.7 Fish................................................................................................................................ 4-120 

4.3.8 Birds .............................................................................................................................. 4-136 

4.3.9 Mammals....................................................................................................................... 4-155

 4.3.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ......................................................................... 4-177 

4.3.11 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-191 

4.3.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 4-195 

4.3.13 Sociocultural Systems.................................................................................................. 4-208 

4.3.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................ 4-216

 4.3.15 Coastal Zone Management.......................................................................................... 4-219

 4.3.16 Recreational Resources................................................................................................ 4-228 

4.3.17 Visual Resources.......................................................................................................... 4-233 

4.3.18 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 4-237 

4.3.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................... 4-241 

4.4 ALTERNATIVE B............................................................................................................... 4-262 

4.4.1 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................................... 4-262 

4.4.2 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................ 4-264

 4.4.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-266 

4.4.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 4-272 

4.4.5 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 4-280 

4.4.6 Wetlands and Floodplains ............................................................................................4-285 

4.4.7 Fish................................................................................................................................ 4-291 

4.4.8 Birds .............................................................................................................................. 4-301 

4.4.9 Mammals....................................................................................................................... 4-312

 4.4.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ......................................................................... 4-324 

4.4.11 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-335 

4.4.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 4-338 

4.4.13 Sociocultural Systems.................................................................................................. 4-348 

4.4.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................ 4-352

 4.4.15 Coastal Zone Management.......................................................................................... 4-355

 4.4.16 Recreational Resources................................................................................................ 4-362 

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Northeast NPR-A Supplemental IAP/EIS 

4.4.17 Visual Resources.......................................................................................................... 4-366 

4.4.18 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 4-371 

4.4.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................... 4-373 

4.5 ALTERNATIVE C............................................................................................................... 4-386 

4.5.1 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................................... 4-386 

4.5.2 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................ 4-388

 4.5.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-390 

4.5.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 4-395 

4.5.5 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 4-403 

4.5.6 Wetlands and Floodplains ............................................................................................4-408 

4.5.7 Fish................................................................................................................................ 4-414 

4.5.8 Birds .............................................................................................................................. 4-420 

4.5.9 Mammals....................................................................................................................... 4-430

 4.5.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ......................................................................... 4-439 

4.5.11 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-450 

4.5.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 4-453 

4.5.13 Sociocultural Systems.................................................................................................. 4-460 

4.5.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................ 4-463

 4.5.15 Coastal Zone Management.......................................................................................... 4-466

 4.5.16 Recreational Resources................................................................................................ 4-474 

4.5.17 Visual Resources.......................................................................................................... 4-479 

4.5.18 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 4-483 

4.5.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................... 4-485 

4.6 ALTERNATIVE D .............................................................................................................. 4-494 

4.6.1 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................................... 4-494 

4.6.2 Paleontological Resources ............................................................................................ 4-496

 4.6.3 Soil Resources ............................................................................................................... 4-498 

4.6.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 4-504 

4.6.5 Vegetation ..................................................................................................................... 4-513 

4.6.6 Wetlands and Floodplains ............................................................................................ 4-518 

4.6.7 Fish................................................................................................................................ 4-524 

4.6.8 Birds .............................................................................................................................. 4-530 

4.6.9 Mammals....................................................................................................................... 4-542

 4.6.10 Threatened and Endangered Species ......................................................................... 4-553 

4.6.11 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 4-565 

4.6.12 Subsistence................................................................................................................... 4-569 

4.6.13 Sociocultural Systems.................................................................................................. 4-580 

4.6.14 Environmental Justice ................................................................................................ 4-585

 4.6.15 Coastal Zone Management.......................................................................................... 4-588

 4.6.16 Recreational Resources................................................................................................ 4-595 

4.6.17 Visual Resources.......................................................................................................... 4-599 

4.6.18 Economy ....................................................................................................................... 4-604 

4.6.19 Public Health ............................................................................................................... 4-606 

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TABLES 

Table 4.2-A. Summary of Selected Non-Oil and Gas Related Management Activities .................4-8 

Table 4.2-B. Development Timeframe for a Typical Oil Field.......................................................4-17 

Table 4.2-C. Estimated Area of Surface Disturbance and Amount of Gravel Needed for Oil and 

Gas Facilities ..........................................................................................................................4-26 

Table 4.2-D. Oil Resource Estimates for Each Alternative ...........................................................4-49 

Table 4.2-E. Estimated Petroleum-related Activities for Each Alternative.................................4-50 

Table 4.2-F. Mileage and Acreage of Seismic Surveying for All Alternatives..............................4-54 

Table 4.2-G. Estimated Surface Disturbance for Oil-related Activities under each 

 Alternative..... .........................................................................................................................4-56 

Table 4.2-H. Assumed Large (≥ 500 barrels) Crude Oil Spills for Life of the Northeast National 

Petroleum Reserve – Alaska .................................................................................................4-60

Table 4.2-I. Assumed Small (<500 barrels) Crude/Refined Oil Spills for Life of Northeast National

Petroleum Reserve – Alaska .................................................................................................4-62

Table 4.3-A. Alternative A Air Pollutant Emissions from Surface Activities ...............................4-73 

Table 4.3-B Alternative A Revenues ...............................................................................................4-239 

Table 4.3-C. Potential Employment for selected years under Alternative A ..............................4-240 

Table 4.3-D: The Social Determinants of Health and North Slope Oil and Gas 

Development .........................................................................................................................4-251 

Table 4.4-A Alternative B Air Pollutant Emissions from Surface Activities ...............................4-264 

Table 4.4-B Alternative B Revenues (in millions of 2005 dollars) ................................................4-371 

Table 4.4-C Potential Employment for Selected Years Under Alternative B ..............................4-372 

Table 4.5-A Alternative C Air Pollutant Emissions from Surface Activities .............................4-388 

Table 4.5-B Alternative C Revenues (in millions of 2005 dollars) ................................................4-484 

Table 4.5-C Potential Employment for selected years under Alternative C ...............................4-484 

Table 4.6-A Alternative D Air Pollutant Emissions from Surface Activities ..............................4-496 

Table 4.6-B Alternative D Revenues ...............................................................................................4-605 

Table 4.6-C Alternative D Estimated Employment in the Field..................................................4-605 

FIGURES 

Figure 4-1 Hypothetical Layout for a CPF with Five Satellite Fields ..................................... 4-28 

Figure 4-2 Speculative Future Pipeline Corridors. .................................................................. 4-35 

Figure 4-3 Sample Pipeline Layout. ........................................................................................ 4-37 

Figure 4-4 Assumed annual production rate by Alternative.................................................... 4-47 

Figure 4-5 Oil Occurrence Potential Map of the Planning Area ............................................. 4-48 

Figure 4-6 Seismic Surveys Conducted in the Northeast NPR-A .......................................... 4-55 

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