## COURT OF APPEALS SECO ND DISTRICT OF T EXAS FORT WORTH

N O

. 2

- 0 8

- 2 8 3

- C R

R O B E R T L E E W A R D A P P E L L A N T

V

.
T H E S T A T E O F T E X A S S T A T E

- - - - - - - - - - - -

F R O M C O U N T Y C R I M I N A L C O U R T N O

. 8 O F T A R R A N T C O U N T Y

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### M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N 1

- - - - - - - - - - - -

I

. I n t r o d u c t i o n

R o b e r t L e e W a r d a p p e a l s h i s c o n v i c t i o n f o r d r i v i n g w h i l e i n t o x i c a t e d

. I n

t w o p o i n t s , h e a r g u e s t h e e v i d e n c e i s l e g a l l y a n d f a c t u a l l y i n s u f f i c i e n t t o p r o v e

h e o p e r a t e d a m o t o r v e h i c l e

. 2 W e a f f i r m

.

1

 S e e T e x

. R

. A p p

. P

. 4 7

. 4

.

2

 A p p e l l a n t d o e s n o t c o n t e s t t h a t h e w a s i n t o x i c a t e d a t t h e t i m e o f t h e s i n g l e

- v e h i c l e a c c i d e n t

.I I

. F a c t u a l a n d P r o c e d u r a l B a c k g r o u n d

A p p e l l a n t w a s c h a r g e d w i t h d r i v i n g w h i l e i n t o x i c a t e d
, a c l a s s B

m i s d e m e a n o r

. S e e T e x

. P e n a l C o d e A n n

. § 4 9

. 0 4 ( V e r n o n 2 0 0 3 )

. A p p e l l a n t

p l e d n o t g u i l t y , a n d t h e t r i a l c o u r t c o n d u c t e d a b e n c h t r i a l o n A u g u s t 2 0
, 2 0 0 8

.
A r l i n g t o n P o l i c e O f

f i c e r P h i l l i p H i n k l e t e s t i f i e d h e r e c e i v e d a d i s p a t c h a t

3 : 0 7 a

. m

. o n M a r c h 1 1
, 2 0 0 7

. O f f i c e r H i n k l e t e s t i f i e d o v e r A p p e l l a n t ’ s h e a r s a y

o b j e c t i o n t h a t t h e 9

- 1

- 1 c a l l e r s a i d a w h i t e S U V h i t a t r e e a n d a p o l e o n H a r r i s

R o a d a n d t h a t t h e d r i v e r w a s w e a r i n g a b l u e

- s t r i p e d s h i r t

. O f f i c e r H i n k l e s a i d

t h a t h e w a s n e a r t h e a c c i d e n t s c e n e w h e n h e r e c e i v e d t h e d i s p a t c h
, a n d t h a t

u p o n a r r i v a l
, h e s a w t h e w h i t e S U V l e a n e d a g a i n s t a t r e e a n d a w h i t e m a l e

w e a r i n g a b l u e s h i r t w i t h s t r i p e s l e a v i n g t h e s c e n e o n f o o t

. A p p e l l a n t m a t c h e d

t h e d e s c r i p t i o n r e c e i v e d t h r o u g h d i s p a t c h
, w a s t h e o n l y p e r s o n i n t h e a r e a , a n d

w a s t w e n t y t o t h i r t y f e e t f r o m t h e v e h i c l e w h e n O f f i c e r H i n k l e a r r i v e d

. W h i l e

t e s t i f y i n g , O f f i c e r H i n k l e i d e n t i f i e d A p p e l l a n t a s t h e p e r s o n h e s a w t h e n i g h t o f

t h e a c c i d e n t

.
O f f i c e r H i n k l e t e s t i f i e d h e p u l l e d h i s p a t r o l c a r i n t o t h e p a t h A p p e l l a n t w a s

t r a v e l l i n g , e x i t e d t h e p a t r o l c a r , a n d m a d e c o n t a c t w i t h A p p e l l a n t

. O f f i c e r

H i n k l e a s k e d A p p e l l a n t f o r h i s n a m e , a n d A p p e l l a n t g a v e O f f i c e r H i n k l e h i s

d r i v e r ’ s l i c e n s e

. O f

f i c e r H i n k l e n o t i c e d a s c r a t c h o n A p p e l l a n t ’ s f o r e h e a d
, b u t

A p p e l l a n t d e c l i n e d m e d i c a l c a r e

. O f f i c e r H i n k l e a l s o o b s e r v e d A p p e l l a n t t o b e

2d i s o r i e n t e d
, s o m e w h a t c o n f u s e d
, a n d u n a b l e t o m a i n t a i n h i s b a l a n c e

. O n c r o s s

e x a m i n a t i o n , O f

f i c e r H i n k l e a c k n o w l e d g e d h e d i d n o t s e e t h e v e h i c l e i n

o p e r a t i o n , d i d n o t s e e a n y o n e i n s i d e t h e v e h i c l e , a n d d i d n o t t a l k t o a n y o n e t h a t

s a w t h e v e h i c l e i n o p e r a t i o n o r a p e r s o n i n s i d e t h e v e h i c l e

.
O f f i c e r W a l t M a t h i s t e s t i f i e d h e a r r i v e d a t t h e a c c i d e n t s c e n e

a p p r o x i m a t e l y s e v e n m i n u t e s a f t e r r e c e i v i n g t h e d i s p a t c h

. U p o n a r r i v a l
, h e

n o t i c e d A p p e l l a n t h a d a s t r o n g s m e l l o f a n a l c o h o l i c b e v e r a g e

. O f f i c e r M a t h i s

a l s o t e s t i f i e d h e f o u n d a n i n s u r a n c e c a r d i n A p p e l l a n t ’ s n a m e i n s i d e t h e

w r e c k e d v e h i c l e

.
O f f i c e r C h a d H i c k e y t e s t i f i e d h e a r r i v e d a t t h e a c c i d e n t s c e n e

a p p r o x i m a t e l y f i f t e e n m i n u t e s a f t e r t h e d i s p a t c h

. W h e n h e o p e n e d t h e d o o r o f

t h e p a t r o l c a r i n w h i c h t h e o f f i c e r s d e t a i n e d A p p e l l a n t
, O f f i c e r H i c k e y w a s

“ o v e r w h e l m e d b y t h e s t r o n g o d o r o f a n a l c o h o l i c b e v e r a g e

. ” O f f i c e r H i c k e y

t e s t i f i e d t h a t A p p e l l a n t h a d b l o o d s h o t
, g l a s s y , a n d w a t e r y e y e s , t h a t A p p e l l a n t

h a d s l u r r e d s p e e c h
, a n d t h a t A p p e l l a n t “ w a s s t u m b l i n g a l i t t l e b i t ” w h i l e h e

s t o o d a n d t a l k e d t o O f f i c e r H i c k e y

. A p p e l l a n t d e n i e d h a v i n g a n y t h i n g t o d r i n k

b u t r e f u s e d a l l f i e l d s o b r i e t y t e s t s

. I n t h e p a t r o l c a r o n t h e w a y t o t h e j a i l
,
A p p e l l a n t a s k e d O f

f i c e r H i c k e y , “ [ W ] h a t w a s t h e b i g d e a l a b o u t w h a t h a p p e n e d

b a c k t h e r e [ ; ] a l l [ I ] h i t w a s a p o t h o l e

. ” A t t h e j a i l
, A p p e l l a n t s a i d
, “ I m e s s e d u p ,
d i d n ’ t I [ ? ] ”

3T h e t r i a l c o u r t f o u n d A p p e l l a n t g u i l t y a s c h a r g e d a n d s e n t e n c e d A p p e l l a n t

t o f i f t e e n d a y s ’ c o n f i n e m e n t a n d a $ 6 5 0

. 0 0 f i n e

. T h i s a p p e a l f o l l o w e d

.
I I I

. A n a l y s i s

A

. L e g a l S u f

f i c i e n c y o f t h e E v i d e n c e

A p p e l l a n t a r g u e s i n h i s f i r s t p o i n t t h a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s l e g a l l y i n s u f f i c i e n t

t o s u p p o r t h i s c o n v i c t i o n b e c a u s e n o w i t n e s s s a w h i m o p e r a t e a m o t o r v e h i c l e

a n d h e d i d n o t a d m i t t o o p e r a t i n g a m o t o r v e h i c l e

.
1

. S t a n d a r d o f R e v i e w

I n r e v i e w i n g t h e l e g a l s u f f i c i e n c y o f t h e e v i d e n c e t o s u p p o r t a c o n v i c t i o n ,

w e v i e w a l l o f t h e e v i d e n c e i n t h e l i g h t m o s t f a v o r a b l e t o t h e p r o s e c u t i o n i n

o r d e r t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r a n y r a t i o n a l t r i e r o f f a c t c o u l d h a v e f o u n d t h e

e s s e n t i a l e l e m e n t s o f t h e c r i m e b e y o n d a r e a s o n a b l e d o u b t

. J a c k s o n v

.
V i r g i n i a , 4 4 3 U

. S

. 3 0 7
, 3 1 9
, 9 9 S

. C t

. 2 7 8 1
, 2 7 8 9 ( 1 9 7 9 ) ; C l a y t o n v

. S t a t e ,
2 3 5 S

. W

. 3 d 7 7 2
, 7 7 8 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 7 )

.
T h e s t a n d a r d o f r e v i e w f o r c a s e s b a s e d o n c i r c u m s t a n t i a l e v i d e n c e i s t h e

s a m e a s t h e s t a n d a r d f o r r e v i e w i n g c a s e s w i t h d i r e c t e v i d e n c e

. L a s t e r v

. S t a t e ,
2 7 5 S

. W

. 3 d 5 1 2
, 5 1 9

– 2 0 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 9 ) ; K i n g v

. S t a t e , 2 9 S

. W

. 3 d

5 5 6
, 5 6 5 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 0 )

. 

### In case s base d on circu msta ntial evide nce,

it is not requi red that all facts point to a defen dant’ s guilt; it is suffic ient if the

comb ined and cumu lative force of all of t h e i n c rimin ating circu msta nces

4

### warra nts the conc lusion of guilt. See Cours on v. State
, 160 S.W .3d 125
, 128

(Tex

. App.

— Fort W orth 200 5, no p et.) ( citing John son v . Sta te
, 871 S.W .2d

183
, 186 (Tex

. C r i m

. A p p

. 199 3) (en banc ), cert. denie d
, 511 U.S. 104 6
(199 4)).

2

. A p p l i c a b l e L a w



### A perso n comm its the offen se of d riving whil e intox icate d if the perso n

opera tes a moto r vehic le in a public place witho ut the norm al use of ment al or phys ical facul ties due to the introd uctio n of alcoh ol or other subs tance s into the
body

. Tex. Pena l Code Ann. §§ 49.0 1(2) (A), 49.0 4(a) (Vern on 200 3). The

corpu s delict i of drivin g while intox icate d is that some one drove or opera ted a

m o t o r vehic le in a public place while intox icate d. Three t v. State
, 1 5 7 T e x

.
Crim. 497 , 49 8, 2 50 S .W .2d 2 00, 200 (19 52).

3

. D i s c u s s i o n

A p p e l l a n t c o n t e n d s t h e h e a r s a y e v i d e n c e o f t h e 9

- 1

- 1 c a l l e r ’ s d e s c r i p t i o n

o f t h e d r i v e r c a n n o t e s t a b l i s h t h e s u f f i c i e n c y o f t h e e v i d e n c e b e c a u s e t h e

h e a r s a y e v i d e n c e w a s o n l y a d m i s s i b l e t o e s t a b l i s h p r o b a b l e c a u s e

. 3 W e

d i s a g r e e

. I n c o n d u c t i n g a l e g a l s u f f i c i e n c y r e v i e w , w e a r e r e q u i r e d t o r e v i e w

a l l e v i d e n c e a d m i t t e d a t t r i a l
, e v e n i m p r o p e r l y a d m i t t e d e v i d e n c e

. M o f f v

.

3

 A p p e l l a n t d o e s n o t a r g u e t h e t r i a l c o u r t i n c o r r e c t l y o v e r r u l e d h i s o b j e c t i o n

. 5S t a t e , 1 3 1 S

. W

. 3 d 4 8 5
, 4 8 9

– 9 0 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 4 ) ; S h a f f e r v

. S t a t e , 1 8 4

S

. W

. 3 d 3 5 3
, 3 5 9 ( T e x

. A p p

. — F o r t W o r t h 2 0 0 6
, p e t

. r e f ’ d )

. 

### Appe llant also conte nds we must rever se his conv iction beca use no one

saw him opera ting the vehic le. Appe llant relies heav ily on this court ’s opinio n

in H a n s o n v

. State
, in whic h we rever sed the trial court ’s judgm ent and held

there was insuf

ficien t evide nce to supp o r t the conv iction beca use “the State

did not introd uce evide nce to show Hans on eve r drove the car.” 781 S.W .2d

445
, 447 (Tex

. App.

— Fort W orth 1989 ), pet. abate d
, 790 S.W .2d 646 (Tex

.
Crim. App . 19 90). In Hans on , the polic e office rs observe d a wrec ked veh icle

with Hans on besid e the vehic le. Id. at 446

. Hans on had no visib le injurie s but

seem ed upse t. Id. Hans on admitte d to office rs that she had been driving the

car at the time of the accid ent. Id. How ever, the State had no other evide nce

t h a t Hans on drove or owne d the car. Id. Beca use we could not cons id e r

Hans on’s out-o f-cou rt state ment s “unle ss th e fact that the crime was

comm itted ha[d] been estab lished by o t h e r evide nce,” we held the evide nce

insuf ficien t to supp ort the conv iction

. Id. Hans on is distin guish able beca use

the conv iction here is not depe nden t upon an unco rr o b o r a t e d extra -judic ial

admi ssion by Appe llant. See Turne r v. S t a t e , 8 7 7 S.W .2d 513
, 516 (Tex

. App.

— Fort W orth 1 994 , no pet.)

.

6

### Neith er an extra -judic ial con f e s s i o n nor direc t evide nce is requi red to

prove that a DW I defen dant was opera ting a vehicle; the State may prove the

ident ity of a v e h i c le’s drive r by circu msta ntial evide nce. See Hern ande z v.

State
, 13 S.W .3d 78, 80 (Tex

. App.

— Texa rkana 200 0, no pet.) ( h o l d ing

circu msta ntial evide nce suffic ient to prove defen dant was drivin g vehic le when

defen dant was the only perso n walk ing near wrec ked ve h i c le desp ite

defen d a n t ’ s a s s ertion to inves tigati ng office rs that he was not the drive r and

that the drive r had run away ); Year y v. State
, 734 S.W .2d 7 6 6, 769 (Tex

. App.

— Fort W orth 198 7, no pet.) (hold ing circu msta ntial evide nce suffic ient to

show defen dant was drivin g vehic le when defen dant was the only perso n in the

vicin ity of

wrec ked v ehicle and vehic le’s w indsh ield w as lying on defend ant’s
body ); see also Freem an v. State
, No. 02-0 8-00 079 -CR, 200 9 W L 579 292
, at

*3 (Tex

. App.

— Fort W orth Marc h 5, 200 9, no pet.) (mem

. op., not desig nated
for pu blicat ion) ( holdin g circ umst antia l evide nce suffic ient to p rove defen dant

was drivin g vehic le when defen dant was the only perso n in the vehic le, the

vehic le belon ged to defen dant, defen dant was bleed ing, and altho ugh he did not

admi t to drivin g the vehic le, defen dant told the police he had j u s t b e e n in a

wrec k).

T h ere is legall y suffic ient circu msta ntial evide nce in this case to prove beyo nd a reaso nable doub t that Appe llant was drivin g the wrec ked vehic le. A

7

### 9

- 1

- 1 caller repor ted that a white SUV hit a tree and that the dri v e r w a s

wear ing a b l u e

- s t r i p e d shirt. Offic er Hink le saw Appe llant, with a scrat ch on

his foreh ead and wear ing a blue- stripe d shirt, appro xima tely twe n t y t o thirty

feet from the white SUV when he arrive d at the accid ent scen e; no one else

was in the area. Offic er Mat his also found an insur ance card inside the vehic le

indica ting Appe llant insur ed the vehic le. Furth er, A p pellan t volun tarily told

Offic er Hick ey that he “hit a potho le” an d t h a t h e had “mes sed up.” View ed

in the light most favo rable to the pros e c u t i o n , w e hold that the evide nce is

l egally suffic ient to supp ort the trial court ’s deter mina tion that Appe llan t

opera ted t he v ehicle whil e into xicat ed. See Jacks on , 443 U.S. at 319 , 99 S.

Ct. at 278 9; Clay ton
, 235 S.W .3d at 778

. W e overr ule Appe llant’ s first point

.
B. Fact ual S uffici ency of th e Ev idenc e

A p p e l l a n t c o n t e n d s i n h i s s e c o n d p o i n t t h a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s f a c t u a l l y

i n s u f f i c i e n t t o s u p p o r t h i s c o n v i c t i o n b e c a u s e n o w i t n e s s s a w h i m o p e r a t e a

m o t o r v e h i c l e a n d h e d i d n o t a d m i t t o o p e r a t i n g a m o t o r v e h i c l e

.


### 1. Stand ard o f Rev iew

W h e n r e v i e w i n g t h e f a c t u a l s u f f i c i e n c y o f t h e e v i d e n c e t o s u p p o r t a

c o n v i c t i o n , w e v i e w a l l t h e e v i d e n c e i n a n e u t r a l l i g h t
, f a v o r i n g n e i t h e r p a r t y

.
N e a l v

. S t a t e , 2 5 6 S

. W

. 3 d 2 6 4
, 2 7 5 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 8 )
, c e r t

. d e n i e d
, 1 2 9

S

. C t

. 1 0 3 7 ( 2 0 0 9 ) ; W a t s o n v

. S t a t e , 2 0 4 S

. W

. 3 d 4 0 4
, 4 1 4 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

.
82 0 0 6 )

. W e t h e n a s k w h e t h e r t h e e v i d e n c e s u p p o r t i n g t h e c o n v i c t i o n , a l t h o u g h

l e g a l l y s u f

f i c i e n t
, i s n e v e r t h e l e s s s o w e a k t h a t t h e f a c t f i n d e r ’ s d e t e r m i n a t i o n i s

c l e a r l y w r o n g a n d m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t o r w h e t h e r c o n f l i c t i n g e v i d e n c e s o g r e a t l y

o u t w e i g h s t h e e v i d e n c e s u p p o r t i n g t h e c o n v i c t i o n t h a t t h e f a c t f i n d e r ’ s

d e t e r m i n a t i o n i s m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t

. L a n c o n v

. S t a t e , 2 5 3 S

. W

. 3 d 6 9 9
, 7 0 4
( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 8 ) ; W a t s o n , 2 0 4 S

. W

. 3 d a t 4 1 4

– 1 5
, 4 1 7

. T o r e v e r s e

u n d e r t h e s e c o n d g r o u n d
, w e m u s t d e t e r m i n e , w i t h s o m e o b j e c t i v e b a s i s i n t h e

r e c o r d
, t h a t t h e g r e a t w e i g h t a n d p r e p o n d e r a n c e o f a l l t h e e v i d e n c e , t h o u g h

l e g a l l y s u f

f i c i e n t
, c o n t r a d i c t s t h e j u d g m e n t

. W a t s o n , 2 0 4 S

. W

. 3 d a t 4 1 7

.
I n d e t e r m i n i n g w h e t h e r t h e e v i d e n c e i s f a c t u a l l y i n s u f f i c i e n t t o s u p p o r t a

c o n v i c t i o n t h a t i s n e v e r t h e l e s s s u p p o r t e d b y l e g a l l y s u f f i c i e n t e v i d e n c e , i t i s n o t

e n o u g h t h a t t h i s c o u r t “ h a r b o r a s u b j e c t i v e l e v e l o f r e a s o n a b l e d o u b t t o

o v e r t u r n [ t h e ] c o n v i c t i o n

. ” I d

. W e c a n n o t c o n c l u d e t h a t a c o n v i c t i o n i s c l e a r l y

w r o n g o r

m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t s i m p l y b e c a u s e w e w o u l d h a v e d e c i d e d d i f f e r e n t l y

t h a n t h e f a c t f i n d e r o r b e c a u s e w e d i s a g r e e w i t h t h e f a c t f i n d e r ’ s r e s o l u t i o n o f

a c o n f l i c t i n t h e e v i d e n c e

. I d

. W e m a y n o t s i m p l y s u b s t i t u t e o u r j u d g m e n t f o r

t h e f a c t f i n d e r ’ s

. J o h n s o n v

. S t a t e , 2 3 S

. W

. 3 d 1
, 1 2 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 2 0 0 0 ) ;

C a i n v

. S t a t e , 9 5 8 S

. W

. 2 d 4 0 4
, 4 0 7 ( T e x

. C r i m

. A p p

. 1 9 9 7 )

. U n l e s s t h e

r e c o r d c l e a r l y r e v e a l s t h a t a d i f f e r e n t r e s u l t i s a p p r o p r i a t e , w e m u s t d e f e r t o t h e

f a c t f i n d e r ’ s d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e w e i g h t t o b e g i v e n c o n t r a d i c t o r y t e s t i m o n i a l

9e v i d e n c e b e c a u s e r e s o l u t i o n o f t h e c o n f l i c t “ o f t e n t u r n s o n a n e v a l u a t i o n o f

c r e d i b i l i t y a n d d e m e a n o r , a n d t h o s e j u r o r s w e r e i n a t t e n d a n c e w h e n t h e

t e s t i m o n y w a s d e l i v e r e d

. ” J o h n s o n , 2 3 S

. W

. 3 d a t 8

. T h u s , u n l e s s w e

c o n c l u d e t h a t i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o c o r r e c t m a n i f e s t i n j u s t i c e , w e m u s t g i v e d u e

d e f e r e n c e t o t h e f a c t f i n d e r ’ s d e t e r m i n a t i o n s , “ p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s

c o n c e r n i n g t h e w e i g h t a n d c r e d i b i l i t y o f t h e e v i d e n c e

. ” I d

. a t 9

.
2

. D i s c u s s i o n



### In this case, a 9-1-1 caller reporte d that a white SUV hit a tree and that

the drive r was we a r i ng a blue- stripe d shirt. W hen he arrive d, Offic er Hink le

saw Appe llant, wear ing a blue- stripe d shirt, appro xima tely twen ty to thirty feet

from the white SUV

. Appe llant had a scrat ch on his foreh ead, and there were

no other perso ns in the area. Offic er Mat his found an insur ance card show ing
Appe llant insur

ed the vehic le. Furth er, Appe llant volun tarily told Offic er Hick ey

that he “hit a potho le” and “I mess ed up, didn’ t I.” View ing all of the evide nce

in a neutr

al light, w e c a n n o t s a y t h a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s s o w e a k t h a t t h e t r i a l

c o u r t ’ s d e t e r m i n a t i o n t h a t A p p e l l a n t o p e r a t e d t h e v e h i c l e w h i l e i n t o x i c a t e d i s

c l e a r l y w r o n g a n d m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t o r t h a t t h e c o n f l i c t i n g e v i d e n c e s o g r e a t l y

o u t w e i g h s t h e e v i d e n c e s u p p o r t i n g t h e v e r d i c t t h a t t h e t r i a l c o u r t ’ s

d e t e r m i n a t i o n i s m a n i f e s t l y u n j u s t

. S e e L a n c o n , 2 5 3 S

. W

. 3 d a t 7 0 4 ; W a t s o n ,
2 0 4 S

. W

. 3 d a t 4 1 4

– 1 5
, 4 1 7

. 

### W e ov errule App ellant ’s se cond poin t.

1 0

### IV. Conc lusion

H aving overr uled Appe llant’ s two point s, we affirm the trial court ’ s judgm ent.

A N N E G A R D N E R J U S T I C E

P A N E L : C A Y C E
, C

. J

. ; G A R D N E R a n d M E I E R
, J J

.
D O N O T P U B L I S H T e x

. R

. A p p

. P

. 4 7

. 2 ( b )

D E L I V E R E D : D e c e m b e r 1 0
, 2 0 0 9

1 1