NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 13a0746n.06

No. 12-4227

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

SONJA STANKOSKI,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,

Defendant-Appellee.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED

STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR

THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF

OHIO

OPINION

Before: McKEAGUE and DONALD, Circuit Judges; LAWSON, District Judge.*

Bernice B. Donald, Circuit Judge. On April 30, 2007, Sonja Stankoski applied for

disability insurance benefits. Her application was denied by the Commissioner of Social Security.

The denial was upheld after a hearing before an administrative law judge. The Commissioner’s

decision was affirmed by the district court. Stankoski timely appeals. For the reasons set forth

herein, we AFFIRM. 

I.

In 2007, Sonja Stankoski sought Social Security disability insurance benefits, alleging that

she could not work due to a host of mental and physical impairments. Although she attempted to

The Honorable David M. Lawson, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of *

Michigan, sitting by designation.
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Stankoski v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.

do part-time work as an interpreter in 2008 and 2009, she had not engaged in substantial gainful

activity since November 3, 2006, the alleged onset date of her disability. Stankoski testified that she

received private disability benefits until May 2009. Stankoski suffers from major depressive

disorder, single episode; osteoarthritis of the spine; ischemic cardiac disease; fibromyalgia; obesity;

and hypothyroidism. 

1. Mental Impairments 

In April 2007, Stankoski was diagnosed with major depressive disorder, severe without

psychotic features. In August 2007, Stankoski attended a psychological consultative mental status

examination where Mark Hammerly, Ph.D., diagnosed her with moderate single episode major

depression. Dr. Hammerly noted that Stankoski was mildly deficient in social relationships and

performed minimal household and community activities. Dr. Hammerly also noted that Stankoski

drove herself to appointments and attempted to seek employment within the last year. Dr. Hammerly

rated Stankoski’s mental abilities as moderately impaired in relating to others; not impaired in her

ability to understand, remember, and follow instructions; not impaired in her ability to maintain

attention, concentration, persistence, and pace to perform simple repetitive tasks; and moderately

impaired in her ability to endure the stress and pressures associated with day-to-day work activity. 

Stankoski sought mental health treatment until May 2009 when her husband changed insurance. In

July 2009, Bruce Hennessy, M.D., Stankoski’s treating gastroenterologist, recommended that

Stankoski continue to see a counselor for her ongoing depression. Dr. Hennessy opined that

Stankoski seemed depressed and that Stankoski’s depression was creating her physical symptoms. 

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Dr. Hennessy explained to Stankoski that medical therapy was unsuccessful in treating her physical

ailments, but psychotherapy could be beneficial in getting to the root of the problem. Stankoski

received psychotropic medication, but she has not received the recommended psychotherapy. 

 2. Physical Impairments 

A. Back Impairments 

In September 2007, an x-rayof Stankoski’s lumbar spine suggested degenerative disc disease

at vertebrae L4-L5 with interspace narrowing, sclerosis, spurring, and vacuum disk formation. In

October 2007, a lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed L4-5 desiccation and bulge

with moderate spinal canal stenosis, along with L3-4 disc desiccation and bulge with mild

biforaminal stenosis and mild central canal stenosis. Stankoski also had an MRI of the cervical

spine, which showed C3-C4 spondylotic protrusion resulting in mild to moderate stenosis;

effacement of the thecal sac absent evidence of spinal cord compression; C4-C5 disc desiccation

with broad-based bulging disc that effaces the thecal sac absent evidence of any spinal cord

compression and mild left-sided foraminal stenosis; and C5-C6 disc height narrowing and disc

desiccation with spondylotic protrusion effacing the thecal sac absent evidence of cord compression

with other mild degenerative changes. In November 2007, Stankoski had another MRI of the

thoracic spine, which demonstrated minimal, non-compressive lower thoracic spondylosis with no

evidence of compressive discopathy in the thoracic spine. Throughout this time, Stankoski

complained of pain and numbness in her back and legs. 

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In October 2009, Stankoski had a computed tomography scan of the lumbar spine and the

thoracic spine. The scan of the lumbar spine confirmed the previously discussed degenerative

changes along with moderate to severe degenerative changes at L5-S1. The scan of the thoracic

spine indicated mild degenerative changes. In November 2009, another MRI revealed desiccation

of the L3-L4 through L5-S1 intervertebral discs, along with central spinal canal stenosis at L4-L5

related to discogenic spondylotic changes with bilateral foraminal encroachment. Another MRI

showed multilevel diffuse disc bulging with no spinal cord compression. 

On November 30, 2009, Stankoski’s treating physician, William Kemp, M.D., F.A.C.S.,

noted in his clinical assessment to Albert Salomon, D.O., another treating physician, that Stankoski

had some thoracolumbar pain secondary to degenerative changes without evidence of spinal cord or

nerve root compression. He also indicated that the thoracic area did not likely require a surgical

procedure; however, local injection therapy might be an option. Dr. Kemp opined that Stankoski

was having only mild problems and her stenosis was moderate. He went on to explain that he and

Stankoski discussed surgical treatment of her spinal stenosis which would include decompression,

fixation and fusion at L4-L5, but he mentioned that Stankoski did not feel that the level of her

difficulties was sufficient to warrant surgical intervention. Instead, she wanted to tryepidural steroid

injections and pain management treatment. During a follow-up appointment in December 2009,

Stankoski expressed that she had normal strength in the bilateral upper and lower extremities. 

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B. Heart Impairments

Stankowski was diagnosed with coronary artery disease and was treated in July 2008 with

cardiac catheterization and insertion of a stent. During a routine follow-up on October 28, 2009, her

physician indicated that Stankoski was doing well without chest pain, shortness of breath,

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), orthopnea, or peripheral edema. Her physical condition was

unremarkable at that time. On March 6, 2009, a cardiac catheterization revealed another lesion,

which was treated with a drug-eluting stent. The treating physician opined that the new stent had

achieved excellent results and the original stent looked great. On March 27, 2009, Stankoski

followed-up with the treating physician and complained that she felt poorly and continued to suffer

from chest pressure, burning, and shortness of breath. The treating physician noted that Stankoski

looked great and that her physical condition was unremarkable. He altered her medication and asked

her to join cardiac rehabilitation. In June 2009, another cardiovascular catheterization showed twovessel artery disease with 65 percent stenosis of the left anterior descending artery and 65 percent

stenosis of the circumflex. During a follow-up visit in September 2009, Stankoski reported mild

improvement in her fatigue and shortness of breath, improvement in her mood, and that she felt

better overall.

C. Fibromyalgia 

On August 18, 2007, Dr. Herbert A. Grodner diagnosed Stankoski with degenerative joint

disease and fibromyalgia, “which has caused her to have ‘extreme pain’ in her back, neck, hands,

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shoulders, and knees.” On February 2, 2010, Dr. Albert M. Salomon examined Stankoski during a

routine check-up and indicated that Stankoski was suffering from fibromyalgia. 

 D. Obesity

On December 4, 2007, Dr. Albert M. Salomon indicated that Stankoski was obese, based on

three weight measurements taken during periodic intervals in 2007. On June 15, 2009, while

discharging Stankoski from the hospital after she underwent a heart angioplasty, Dr. Ernest L.

Mazzaferri, Jr. also diagnosed Stankoski as being obese. 

E. Hypothyroidism 

On August 18, 2007, Dr. Herbert A. Grodner diagnosed Stankoski with hypothyroidism. On

June 10, 2008, Dr. Kenneth H. Vitellas examined Stankoski and determined that her thyroid gland

was “unremarkable.” 

 3. Proceedings 

On April 30, 2007, Sonja Stankoski filed an application for disabilityinsurance benefits. Her

claim was denied by the Commissioner of Social of Security. Thereafter, Stankoski filed a written

request for a hearing, which was held by an administrative law judge (ALJ) via video conference. 

Stankoski appeared in Columbus, Ohio, and the ALJ presided over the hearing from Houston, Texas. 

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With regard to her mental impairments, Stankoski testified that she could take care of her

personal needs and only had mild restrictions with her daily living activities. She also testified that

while she does not get out of the house often, she visits her family. Stankoski further explained that

she has trouble concentrating and completing tasks in a timely manner. 

During the proceedings, Daniel W. Hamill, Ph.D., a psychological expert, confirmed

Stankoski’s major depression, single episode. Dr. Hamill, however, did not believe that Stankoski’s

mental impairment rose to the level of a disability under the Social Security standards. He based his

conclusion, in part, on Stankoski’s moderate score on her global assessment of function, which is

inconsistent with “marked” impairment.1

During the proceedings, Melissa Neiman M.D., a medical expert, opined that none of

Stankoski’s physical impairments rose to the level of any listing for presumptive disability. She

testified that Stankoski could perform light level work activity that excluded crawling, crouching,

kneeling, heights, ropes, scaffolds, ladders, exposure to heights, or use of dangerous machinery.

After consideration of the evidence, the ALJ concluded that Stankoski was not disabled

within the meaning of the Social Security Act. Stankoski appealed the ALJ’s decision denying her

application for social security disability insurance benefits. The district court adopted the magistrate

The term “marked” is a standard for measuring the degree of limitation. Marked means 1

more than moderate but less than extreme. A marked limitation may arise when several activities

or functions are impaired, or even when only one is impaired, so long as the degree of limitation is

such as to interfere seriously with the ability to function independently, appropriately, effectively,

and on a sustained basis. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520a and 416.920a.

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judge’s report and recommendation affirming the Commissioner of Social Security’s decision. 

Stankoski now appeals. 

II.

On appeal of a denial of benefits, we conduct a de novo review of the district court’s legal

conclusion that the ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence. Johnson v. Comm’r of

Soc. Sec., 652 F.3d 646 (6th Cir. 2011); see also Bass v. McMahon, 499 F.3d 506, 509 (6th Cir.

2007). “Substantial evidence is more than a scintilla but less than a preponderance; it is such

relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Vance

v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 260 F. App’x 801, 803 (6th Cir. 2008) (quoting Cutlip v. Sec’y of Health &

Human Servs., 25 F.3d 284, 286 (6th Cir. 1994)). We, however, will not try the case de novo,

resolve conflicts in evidence, or decide questions of credibility. Smith v. Halter, 307 F.3d 377, 379

(6th Cir. 2001). Rather, we “must affirm the Commissioner’s conclusions absent a determination

that the Commissioner has failed to apply the correct legal standards or has made findings of fact

unsupported by substantial evidence in the record.” Vance, 260 F. App’x at 803 (quoting Longworth

v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 402 F.3d 591, 595 (6th Cir. 2005)). A review of the record demonstrates

that the ALJ’s upholding of the Commissioner’s decision was adequately supported by substantial

evidence. 

Stankoski argues that the ALJ made several errors in disposing of the case at step five of the

sequential evaluation process prescribed by20 C.F.R. § 404.1520, contending that the ALJ: (1) made

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errors of fact and law in evaluating the medical and vocational evidence; (2) erred in evaluating

Stankoski’s nervous and mental impairments; (3) erred regarding Stankoski’s subjective complaints

and the credibility finding; and (4) found that Stankoski could perform jobs that exceed her

capabilities. We must decide whether, under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), substantial evidence supports the

ALJ’s decision. 

Stankoski argues that the ALJ said that he relied on “objective medical evidence” in dealing

with Stankoski’s complaints relating to fibromyalgia, which does not have objective findings except

the familiar trigger points. She also argues that the ALJ should not have relied on Dr. Neiman, a

neurosurgeon, when fibromyalgia falls to the specialty of rheumatology. And Dr. Grodner opined

that she would have difficulty doing most types of physical activity. It bears noting, as we have on

earlier occasions, that in many cases where a claimant bases an allegation of disability on a diagnosis

of fibromyalgia, difficulty arises over the lack of objective findings, because that ailment is difficult

to correlate with objectively observable, physical manifestations. See, e.g., Preston v. Sec’y of

Health & Human Servs., 854 F.2d 815, 817-18 (6th Cir. 1988) (observing that, “[a]s set forth in the

two medical journal articles . . . fibrositis causes severe musculoskeletal pain which is accompanied

by stiffness and fatigue due to sleep disturbances. . . . [I]t is a process of diagnosis by exclusion and

testing of certain ‘focal tender points’ on the body for acute tenderness which is characteristic in

fibrositis patients”); Clark v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 395 F. Supp. 2d 589, 609 (W.D. Mich. 2005)

(citing Gaffney v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 277 F. Supp. 2d 733, 736 (E.D. Mich. 2003)); see also

Rogers v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 486 F.3d 234, 243 (6th Cir. 2007). But a diagnosis of fibromyalgia

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does not equate to a finding of disability or an entitlement to benefits. Vance v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

260 F. App’x 801, 806 (6th Cir. 2008). 

TheALJ took into account the objective medical evidence concerningStankoski’s limitations

when determining her residual functional capacity to perform work. Residual functional capacity

is an “assessment of [the claimant’s] remaining capacity for work,” once her limitations have been

considered. 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a). It is meant “to describe the claimant’s residual abilities or what

the claimant can do, not what maladies a claimant suffers from — though the maladies will certainly

inform the ALJ’s conclusion about the claimant’s abilities.” Howard v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 276

F.3d 235, 240 (6th Cir. 2002). 

Stankoski argues that Dr. Neiman’s assessment that Stankoski only had mild degenerative

changes in her lower back was factually incorrect. Stankoski also quibbles with the order in which

the ALJ heard testimony. Both of these arguments are unavailing. While there is objective medical

evidence that demonstrates Stankoski suffered from back impairments, there is also ample evidence

to support the ALJ’s conclusion that Stankoski’s back impairments did not result in limitations

beyond her capacity to perform a limited range of light work. For example, Stankoski underwent

numerous imaging scans, but none of the imaging results demonstrated that Stankoski’s back

impairments were debilitating. Moreover, Stankoski admitted that she did not feel that her back pain

warranted a surgical procedure. As such, she opted for less invasive epidural injections and pain

management therapy and the record suggests that Stankoski responded well to these treatments. 

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Stankoski also argues that her mental impairments are more limiting than the ALJ’s

conclusions show. Stankoski claims that they affect her on a daily basis, evidenced by crying spells

and low energy. Yet there is no objective medical evidence to support these complaints. See Jones

v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 336 F.3d 469, 475 (6th Cir. 2003) (“There is no question that subjective

complaints of a claimant can support a claim for disability, if there is also objective medical evidence

of an underlying medical condition in the record.”) An ALJ is not required to accept a claimant’s

subjective complaints and “may properly consider the credibility of a claimant” when making a

determination of disability. Walters v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 127 F.3d 525, 531 (6th Cir. 1997). 

Stankoski essentially asks this court to delve into a credibility determination, and we simply will not

decide questions of credibility. See Halter, 307 F.3d at 379. There is ample evidence in the record

to support the Commissioner’s finding that Stankoski’s mental impairments did not compromise her

ability to perform a range of semi-skilled work outlined by the ALJ. For example, Stankoski

achieved a moderate global function assessment, she was able to drive herself to her appointments,

and she benefitted from mental health counseling but chose to stop going to counseling only after

her husband’s insurance coverage changed. 

Stankoski argues that the ALJ gave greater weight to the findings of Drs. Neiman and

Hammil compared to Stankoski’s treating physicians and that the ALJ failed to specify the amount

of weight given. “Generally, the opinions of treating physicians are given substantial, if not

controlling, deference.” Warner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 375 F.3d 387, 390 (6th Cir. 2004). 

However, “treating physicians’ opinions are only given such deference when supported by objective

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medical evidence.” Id. (citing Jones, 336 F.3d at 477). None of Stankoski’s treating physicians

opined that any of Stankoski’s ailments were debilitating. In fact, her treating physicians’ opinions

are in alignment with the ALJ’s decision. And even if they were not, “[t]he determination of

disability is [ultimately] the prerogative of the [Commissioner], not the treating physician.” Vance,

260 F. App’x at 804 (quoting Harris v. Heckler, 756 F.2d 431, 435 (6th Cir. 1985).

Stankoski argues that her job skills are not transferable. This argument, however, was not

raised before the district court and therefore is forfeited. See Ealy v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 594 F.3d

504, 513 (6th Cir. 2010). Stankoski also argues that the ALJ erred by finding that she could perform

semi-skilled jobs while at the same time finding that she was limited to unskilled work. This

argument is without merit because the ALJ’s decision does not limit Stankoski to unskilled work.

For example, the residual functional capacity assessment did not limit Stankoski to unskilled work

and none of the medical opinions of record limited Stankoski to unskilled work. 

III.

There is ample evidence in the record to support the Commissioner’s finding that none of

Stankoski’s impairments were disabling in the Social Security context. See Vance, 260 F. App’x at

803. For this reason, we AFFIRM.

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