#### John W. Scheer, Plaintiff, *v.*The American Ice Co., Defendant.

(Supreme Court, New York Special Term,

August, 1900.)

Right of a person to prevent the use of his name in a business he has sold.

Where an ice dealer, selling his route and plant to an ice company and agreeing not to engage in the ice business for a term of years, does not expressly grant a right to use his name, the company’s subsequent use of it on wagons, cards, bill heads, etc., is an invasion of a property right and entitles him to have such use restrained pending the trial of his action against the company to prevent any use of his name by it.

Motion to continue an injunction *pendente lite.*

Einstein *&*Townsend (Clarence J. Shearn, of counsel), for motion.

Daly, Hoyt *&*Mason (William Rand, Jr., of counsel), opposed.

Giegerich, J.

This is an application to continue an injunction *pendente lite,*restraining the defendant from doing business under the plaintiff’s name. The facts, as stated in the complaint and moving affidavit, are as follows: The plaintiff was, prior to April 4, 1900, engaged in the retail sale and delivery of ice; but on that *352date sold his business, consisting of one wagon, team and ice route, to the defendant company. It is stated, and not denied, that there was no provision in the contract of sale that the defendant should have the right to use the plaintiff’s name, although there was a provision that the plaintiff should not engage in the ice business in the State of New York for a period of five or ten years, without the defendant’s permission.

After making the purchase, the defendant printed the plaintiff’s name in large letters on other wagons and also issued a large number of cards bearing the following inscriptions: “ John W. Scheer, Dealer in Hygeia and Natural Ice, 536 West Thirty-eighth street, New York. Orders by mail promptly attended to.” Bill heads and forms of contracts were also printed, and correspondence was carried on, in plaintiff’s name. Cheeks to his order were indorsed with his name and collected by the defendant.

The defendant resists the motion solely on the ground that no right of property belonging to the plaintiff has been injured, and relies upon De Wick v. Dobson, 18 App. Div. 399, and other cases which have held that an injunction cannot be issued to restrain the publication of a libel. But this is plainly not an action for libel, although some of the elements of damage enumerated in the complaint are similar to these in libel, such, for instance, as “bringing the plaintiff’s name into disrepute by making it appear that plaintiff acquiesces in such fraudulent and wrongful scheme in furtherance of defendant’s monopoly.” The cause of action, however, is not libel, but is for the unauthorized use of the plaintiff’s name. The exclusive use of one’s own name, except as against those having the same name, is a property right which has long been recognized in judicial decisions,, and the fact that the plaintiff bound himself not to engage in the ice business for a term of years did not, in the absence of an express agreement to that effect, entitle the defendant to use his name in that business. Howe v. Searing, 6 Bosw. 354; Reeves v. Denicke, 12 Abb. N. S. 92; Morgan v. Schuyler, 79 N. Y. 490; see note, 35 Am. Rep. 546.

It would seem to be a proposition hardly requiring argument that every man is the custodian of his own reputation and is entitled to say who shall do business, and what business shall be done, under his name. If it were necessary, however, to point out specific and substantial injuries which the plaintiff is exposed to by reason of the unauthorized acts complained of, it would not be diffi*353cult to do so. He is, for example, subject to the cost and vexation of suits that might be brought against him by reason of things that may happen in the business carried on in his name. So, too, he might suffer detriment in case he should engage in future in some other line of business and seek to obtain his former patrons as customers, whom he might then find prejudiced against him by reason of the acts now being done in his name.

Without going further it is enough to say that the injunction should be continued.

Motion granted, with ten dollars costs.