RAYMOND B. MANNB

and FENNER A. CHACE, JR

Shrimps of the Family

Processidae from the

f Northwestern Atlantic

Ocean (Crustacea: A

Decapoda: Caridea)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 89
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 89

Raymond B. Manning Shrimps of the Family

and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. T . . 1 r -

rrocessidae trom the

Northwestern Atlantic

Ocean (Crustacea:

Decapoda: Garidea)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

1971
ABSTRACT

Manning, Raymond B., and Fenner A. Chace, Jr. Shrimps of the Family Processidae

from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, number 89, 41 pages, 1971.—The processid shrimp fauna of

the northwestern Atlantic Ocean is reviewed for the first time. Eleven species are

recorded, of which eight are newly described. Ambidexter symmetricus, new genus, new

species; Nikoides schmitti, new species; and six new species of Processa are described.

Ambidexter is the only genus of the family in which both first pereiopods are chelate.

Nikoides has not been recorded previously from outside of the Indo-West Pacific

region. Keys to the species of Nikoides and to the Atlantic species of Processa are

presented, and the Indo-West Pacific species of Processa are listed.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

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For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Offic

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 50 cents (paper cover)
Raymond B. Manning

and Fenner A. Chace, Jr.

Shrimps of the Family

Processidae from the

Northwestern Atlantic

Ocean (Crustacea:

Decapoda: Caridea)

Introduction

Shrimps of the family Processidae are small, nocturnal

animals which are abundant in shallow-water

habitats, primarily on grass flats. In the western

Atlantic, at least, most of the species are found in the

tropics or subtropics. We have seen no material from

the American mainland north of North Carolina.

The western Atlantic processids have never been

studied in detail. Prior to our study, the only representatives of the family known with certainty from

the western Atlantic were three species of Processa.

Processa bermudensis (Rankin, 1900), the first to be

described, was redescribed by Gurney (1936), who

also gave an account of its larvae; it was known only

from Bermuda until Williams (1965) recorded it

from North Carolina. In 1941 Lebour described

P. wheeleri and its larvae from Bermuda; it is still

known only from her material. Holthuis (1959)

described P. guyanae from the coast of Surinam; we

have seen no further specimens of this species.

Numerous lots of unidentified processids from

various localities in the western Atlantic, which had

accumulated in the collection of the Division of

Crustacea, National Museum of Natural History

(USNM), supplemented by collections made by one

of us (RBM) in Florida and Puerto Rico, formed the

basis of this report. Additional collections from

Bermuda were made by one of us (RBM) in April

1970, because available study material from Bermuda,

the type locality for two of the western Atlantic

Raymond B. Manning and Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Department of

Invertebrate ^oology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

species, was apparently limited to one damaged

specimen of P. bermudensis collected by G. Brown

Goode in 1876-1877.

We describe below a new genus and species, a new

species of Nikoides, a genus previously known only

from the Indo-West Pacific region, and six new

species of Processa. The eight new species, the presence

of inadequate material of an additional new Processa,

the occurrence of two unknown processid larvae at

Bermuda (Lebour 1941), and the fact that we did

not encounter two of the three previously known

species from the study area suggest that not only was

this review needed but that more is yet to be learned

about the western Atlantic processids. We hope that

this contribution to our knowledge of American

processids will aid future work on members of this

family.

Until 1936 when Miss Lebour showed that the

British species then called P. canaliculata actually comprised two species, that species was thought to have a

cosmopolitan distribution. Thus, most records of

processids from the western Atlantic were identified

as P. canaliculata, a species which does not occur outside of the eastern Atlantic region (Nouvel and

Holthuis 1957). Fortunately, we have been able to

examine and reidentify most of the western Atlantic

specimens recorded in the literature as P. canaliculata,

and the synonymies given herein reflect these identifications. Only two literature records could not be

verified with certainty: Schmitt (1924) recorded a

specimen of "P. canaliculata" from Caracas Bay,

Curac,ao, and Hudson, Allen, and Costello (1970)

listed Processa sp. from Florida Bay. We have examined none of the material reported in these two papers.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

In addition to our descriptive accounts of the

western Atlantic processids, we have included a key

to the known species of Nikoides, constructed from

data in the literature, a list of the nominal IndoWest Pacific species of Processa, and a provisional key

to the Atlantic species of Processa. Some of the species

recorded from the eastern Atlantic may conceivably

be found in the western Atlantic also, although no

species is now known to occur in both.

The descriptive accounts include a brief diagnosis

designed to distinguish each species from other processids in the western Atlantic. Complete descriptions

and illustrations are given for all species except

P. guyanae Holthuis and P. wheeleri Lebour. Holthuis

(1959) gave a complete account for P. guyanae; we

have seen no additional material of that species. We

were unable to locate the type or any additional

material of P. wheeleri. Measurements in all cases are

carapace lengths in millimeters. The descriptions are

composites, and include observed variations in the

material examined.

Acknowledgments

We are pleased to acknowledge the aid of the following individuals: Dorothy Bliss, American Museum of

Natural History, and Willard Hartman, Peabody

Museum, Yale University, for tracking down specimens previously recorded from Bermuda; H. Levi,

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ), for the loan of a specimen from the

Bahamas; R. Ingle and A. L. Rice, British Museum

(Natural History), for looking up the material from

Bermuda reported by R. Gurney and M. Lebour;

Carl Saloman, United States Fish and Wildlife

Service, Saint Petersburg, Florida, and Larry Abele,

Florida State University, for generously sharing collections; J. Rivero, University of Puerto Rico,

Mayaguez, for making possible the visit by one of

us (RBM) to Puerto Rico in 1961; Wolfgang Sterrer,

director, Bermuda Biological Station, for making

facilities available at the station in April 1970; and

L. B. Holthuis, for funishing notes and illustrations

made by H. Nouvel of the specimen reported from

Guadeloupe as P. canaliculata by Monod (1939).

Family PROCESSIDAE Ortmann, 1896

Processidae Ortmann, 1896: 415, 424.—Holthuis, 1955: 116

[and synonymy].

DEFINITION.—Body smooth. Rostrum short, apex

bifid or simple, ventral border never armed. Carapace

armed at most with antennal spines. Postorbitai

groove present or absent. First abdominal somite

neither armed nor denticulate. Fifth abdominal

somite occasionally with posterolateral spine or

spines on pleuron. Telson with 2 pairs of dorsal

and 2 pairs of posterior spines, with pair of stout

plumose setae between inner pair of posterior

spines. Eyes relatively large, with well-developed

cornea. Antennular peduncle with well-developed

stylocerite; antennular flagella simple, ventromesial

shorter than dorsolateral, with thickened setigerous

portion proximally. Antennal scale well developed.

Mandible lacking distinct incisor process and palp.

First maxilla with 1 endite and palp. Second maxilla

with endites reduced, palp and scaphognathite well

developed. First maxilliped with palp, caridean lobe,

epipod, and exopod. Second maxilliped with endite

of 5 articles, exopod, and epipod. Third maxilliped

with well-developed exopod. All pereiopods with

pleurobranch; arthrobranch present or absent at

base of first pereiopod; first pereiopod with (Nikoides)

or without (Ambidexter, Processa) exopod. Both

pereiopods of first pair chelate (Ambidexter) or with

only 1 chelate (Nikoides, Processa), usually right, left

with unopposed simple dactyl. Second pair of

pereiopods chelate, slenderer than first; carpus always,

merus usually, and ischium occasionally subdivided;

ischium with inner basal enlargement; right second

pereiopod usually stronger than left, sometimes equal.

Third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods slender, terminating in simple dactyl. First pair of pleopods in

male with foliaceous endopod sometimes bearing

coupling lobe. Endopod of second pleopod in male

with appendix interna and appendix masculina.

Uropods elongate, exopods with transverse suture

extending from lateral spine (adapted from Nouvel

and Holthuis 1957.)

DISCUSSION.—Discovery of a processid shrimp with

both first pereiopods chelate has necessitated a redefinition of the family—previously defined by the

presence of a simple dactyl on one of the first pereiopods in all known species. The family can best be

recognized by the form of the rostrum, which in

most species is a simple projection of the carapace,

terminating in an apical and a subapical tooth, in

combination with usually asymmetrical first pereiopods. The subapical tooth may be set some distance

posterior to the apex of the rostrum (as in Nikoides

maldivensis Borradaile and Processa jacobsoni De Man),

or it may be absent (as in P. acutirostris Nouvel and

Holthuis and Nikoides nanus Chace).
NUMBER 89

In the key to families and superfamilies of caridean

shrimp given by Holthuis (1955, couplet 16), in which

the Processidae are separated from the other families

in the superfamily Alpheoida (Hippolytidae, Ogyrididae, and Alpheidae), the following modification

could be made:

16. First pair of pereiopods both chelate. Rostrum dentate

or unarmed, not with single subdistal dorsal tooth ..17

Usually right first pereiopod chelate, left ending in

simple clawlike dactylus. If both chelate, rostrum

with distal setose notch formed by subdistal dorsal

tooth Processidae

Although the processids exhibit some superficial

resemblance to the Hippolytidae, we believe that the

form of the rostrum and the structure of the mouthparts in the processids support the continued recognition of these two groups of species as distinct families.

All of the Atlantic processids are similar in basic

facies; indeed, the western Atlantic species examined

by us apparently have essentially identical mouthparts—with the exception of the number of spinules

on the posterior margin of the molar process of the

mandible—and uropods. We have figured the mouthparts of all but two of the western Atlantic species;

they appear to be subsimilar to the mouthparts of

Processa canaliculata Leach and P. edulis (Risso) as

described by Lebour (1936).

In view of these close similarities, it is not surprising

that the genera are very similar, differing only in

characters of the first pereiopods. Gurney (1937)

pointed out the similarities of the larvae of Nikoides

and Processa, noting that there is more difference

between the larvae of Processa aequimana and those of

other species of Processa than there is between the

larvae of Nikoides and Processa. He also pointed out

the similarities between the rostrums of Processa

jacobsoni De Man and Nikoides maldivensis Borradaile,

in which the dorsal tooth is widely separated from

the apex; De Man (1921) did not mention the

exopods on the first pereiopods, but his species could

prove to be conspecific with N. maldivensis. Chace

(1955: 10), in his discussion of Nikoides nanus, a small

species with short exopods on the first pereiopods,

pointed out that the occurrence of short exopods in

his species possibly strengthened Gurney's suggestion

that Nikoides could be maintained as a distinct genus

if only for convenience. It seems likely that the

genera recognized here are closely related natural

units.

It is also possible that additional study of IndoWest Pacific species will result in the recognition of

additional genera. Processa molaris Chace has an unusually enlarged mandible, and P. paucirostris and

P. steinii, two species described by Edmondson, each

have an unusually short, unarmed rostrum, not extending much beyond the antennal spine.

2(1).

Key to the Genera of the Processidae

First pereiopods both chelate [first pereiopods lacking exopods; second pereiopods symmetrical] Ambidexter

Only one of first pair of pereiopods (usually right) chelate, other pereiopod with simple

dactyl 2

First pereiopods with exopods Nikoides

First pereiopods without exopods Processa

Ambidexter, new genus

DEFINITION.—Processid shrimp with both first

pereiopods chelate and lacking exopods.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Ambidexter symmetricus, new species

(see below).

GENDER.—Masculine.

NUMBER OF SPECIES.—One, described below.

Ambidexter symmetricus, new species

FIGURES 1, 2

Processa sp. Tabb and Manning, 1961: 598 [listed; specimen

from Flamingo].—Rouse, 1970: 140 [listed; part].

HOLOTYPE.—cT, 4.7 mm; Florida, Dade County,

Miami, Biscayne Bay, Matheson Hammock Wading

Beach; push net on grass flats, evening; C. F. E.

Roper and R. B. Manning, col.; 7 July 1962; USNM

134097.

PARATYPES.—19 c?1, 17 9 (16 ovigerous); data as in

holotype; USNM.—1 9 ; same locality; R. B. Manming, col.; 21 February 1960; USNM.—1 ovigerous

9 ; same locality; sand, in sparse Diplanthera; R. B.

Manning, col.; 10 May 1962; USNM.^c?1, 3 9

(1 ovigerous); same locality; L. P. Thomas, S.

Dobkin, and R. B. Manning, col.; 28 June 1962;

USNM.—6c?, 5 9 (3 ovigerous); same locality; D.

R. Moore and R. B. Manning, col.; 13 July 1962;
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

USNM.—1 ovigerous 9; Florida, Dade County,

Biscayne Bay, Soldier Key; L. P. Thomas, col.; 3

July 1959; USNM.— 1 cf1; Florida, Monroe County,

Everglades National Park, Florida Bay, off Flamingo,

Sandy Key Basin; D. Tabb and R. B. Manning, col.;

16 April 1959; USNM.—Id", 1 9 ; Florida, Pinellas

County, Boca Ciega Bay; BCG shovel; Carl H.

Saloman, col.; 14 November 1963; USNM.—5d\

10 9; Florida, Pinellas County, Point Pinellas,

Tampa Bay; fine net, night; Carl H. Saloman, col.;

4 December 1965; USNM.—3 ovigerous 9 ; Florida,

Levy County, Seahorse Key, in channel near marker

14; H. B. Herrick, col.; 28 May 1964; USNM.—3d\

4 9 ; Florida, Levy County, Cedar Keys; found among

grass between tides; H. Hemphill, col.; 1883; USNM.

—lcf; Florida, Franklin County, Bald Point; dug

from sand-mud grass flat at low tide; M. Wass, col.;

31 January 1957; USNM.—1 9 ; Florida, Franklin

County, Alligator Harbor, grass flats at mouth; L.

Abele, col.; 29 January 1968; USNM.—1 9 ; Florida,

Franklin County, Alligator Harbor; on bar, at mouth,

in sand; may have come from Diopatra hole; L. Abele,

col.; 18 November 1969; USNM.—5d\ 1 9 ; Louisiana, Chandeleur Island, Smack Channel; 29°51'N,

88°51'W; 17-18 feet; R. M. Darnell, col.; 28 March

1954; USNM.—2c?, 10 9 (8 ovigerous); Mexico,

Tamaulipas, Punta Piedras (South), Laguna Madre

del San Antonio; push net, night; 0-3 feet; H.

Hildebrand, col.; 24 October 1953; USNM.—8c?,

119 (9 ovigerous); Puerto Rico, Lajas, La Parguera,

east side of Maguey Island; evening, after dark, with

push net on shallow Thalassia flats; R. B. Manning

station PR 6-61; 24 June 1961; USNM.—1 ovigerous

9 ; Trinidad; shore; Albatross, col.; 30 January-2

February 1884; USNM.

OTHER MATERIAL.— 1 juvenile; Trinidad, Cocorite Swamp, northwest of Port of Spain; seaward mud

flats; P. R. Bacon, col.; 31 August 1966; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

rounded laterally, unarmed. (Both first pereiopods

chelate, lacking exopods.) Second pereiopods symmetrical, with 4 meral and 9-10 carpal articles.

Carpus of fifth pereiopod longer than propodus.

Fifth abdominal somite unarmed posterolaterally.

Abdominal sternites unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure \b) slightly deflexed, not extending beyond anterior margin of eye,

upper margin slightly convex; apex (Figure \c) bifid,

lower tooth longer, short setae implanted in bifurcation; distal portion of lower margin of rostrum

straight, lined with setae. Lower orbital angle obtusely rounded, inconspicuous. Antennal spine present. Lower anterior angle of carapace broadly

rounded (Figure la).

Abdomen (Figure Id) smooth, bare, ventral

margins of pleura lined with fine setae. Fifth abdominal somite rounded or bluntly angled but unarmed posterolaterally. Sixth abdominal somite less

than \y<i times as long as fifth, with acute posterolateral spine, lobe above articulation of uropod unarmed. Telson (Figure 1*) about 1% times as long

as sixth abdominal somite, length 3^2 times greatest

width, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of distal

spines; transverse line of setae present between

anterior margin and anterior dorsal spines; anterior

pair of dorsal spines of telson set in proximal fourth,

posterior spines near midlength; distance between

anterior margin of telson and anterior pair of dorsal

spines about }/$ distance between pairs of spines;

outer of distal spines (Figure 1/) stronger, ventromesial flanked mesially by strong plumose seta; apex

of telson rounded or produced into sharp median

point.

Eyes (Figure la) moderately large, cornea width

greater than length of stalk and cornea combined,

about twice greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 1^) extending by

distal 2 segments and }/2 of proximal segment beyond

rostrum, penultimate segment longer than distal,

proximal segment subequal in length or longer than

distal segments combined; proximal segment of

antennular peduncle with ventral spine, set slightly

beyond midlength. Stylocerite rounded laterally, unarmed. Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule nearly as

long as carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting of 11-19 articles and amounting to ]/%-% of

length in both sexes, slender distal portion consisting

of 7-15 segments. Ventromesial flagellum twice as

long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure \h) extending to about midlength of distal segment of antennular peduncle,

length of scale about 43^ times greatest breadth;

distal spine of scale not overreaching blade. Antennal

peduncle extending to about midlength of penultimate

segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment of

antenna lacking ventrolateral spine. Antennal flagellum slightly longer than body.

Third maxilliped (Figure \o) overreaching antennal

scale by distal and }/£ °f penultimate segments;

ultimate segment with short spines and numerous

setae on surface, apex sharp; penultimate segment

subequal to ultimate, less than half as long as proxi-
FIGURE 1.—Ambidexter symmetricus, new genus, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 4.7 mm:

a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, same, distal end; d, abdomen; e, telson and uropods;/, end of telson;

g, right antennule; h, right antenna; i, right mandible;/, left mandible; k, right first maxilla; /, right

second maxilla; m, right first maxilliped; n, right second maxilliped; o, right third maxilliped. Magnifications: d, X6; a, b, e, g, h, o, X12.5;/, k-n, X25; c, i,j, X63.

mal segment, with distal spines on mesial surface.

Exopod well developed. Posterior margin of molar

process of mandible (Figures It, j) with 16 spines;

other mouthparts shown in Figures \k—n.

Both pereiopods of first pair (Figures 2a-b) chelate,

symmetrical, overreaching antennal scale by J/£ the

length of fingers; fingers slightly more than 3^ the

length of palm; carpus subequal to palm; merus

slightly longer than carpus and chela combined. First

pereiopods lacking arthrobranchs. Second pereiopods

(Figures 2c-d) symmetrical, overreaching antennal

scale by chela and 2 distal articles of carpus; ischium

undivided, merus with 4 and carpus with 9—10

articles; fingers about % the length of palm; carpus

4 times as long as chela; merus about 2x/i times as

long as chela; ischium slightly shorter than merus.

Third pereiopod (Figure 2e) overreaching antennal

scale by dactyl, propodus, and }/g of carpus; dactyl

(Figure 2/) slender, simple, with subapical setae;

propodus 3J^ times as long as dactyl, unarmed, with

short setae on surface, longer setae near midlength

and subapically; carpus about twice the length of

propodus, unarmed; merus 1% times as long as

propodus, with 4—5 movable spines on lateral surface;

ischium as long as propodus, with 2 movable spines

on lateral surface; combined length of propodus and

carpus of third pereiopod subequal to that of ischium

and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 2g) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and nearly

x

/2 of carpus; dactyl (Figure 2/t) slender, simple, with

subapical tufts of setae; propodus slightly more than

3 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, ornamented with
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 2.—Ambidexter symmetricus, new genus, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 4.7

mm: a, right first pereiopod; b, left first pereiopod; c, right second pereiopod; d, left second pereiopod;

*, right third pereiopod;/, same, dactyl; g, right fourth pereiopod; h, same, dactyl; i, right fifth

pereiopod; j , same, dactyl; k, right first pleopod; /, same, endopod; m, same, coupling-hook area at

distomesial angle; n, right second pleopod; o, same, appendix masculina and appendix interna; p,

end of appendix masculina. Magnifications: a-e, g, i, k, n, X12.5; /, o, X25;/, h,j, m,p, X63.

short setae on surface and longer subapical tufts of

of setae; propodus not markedly more setose in males

than in females; carpus about 2 times the length of

propodus, unarmed, ornamented with short setae on

surface; merus about \}/<i times as long as propodus,

with 4-5 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium

more than half as long as merus, with 2 movable

spines on lateral surface; combined lengths of carpus

and propodus of fourth pereiopod greater than that

of ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 2i)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and Yi of

propodus; dactyl (Figure 2/) short, triangular, apex

simple, obscured by setae; propodus 3% times as

long as dactyl, with 1 spine beyond midjength on

flexor margin and scattered short setae on surface;

propodus not markedly more setose in males than in

females; carpus about 1}/% times as long as propodus,

unarmed; merus slightly more than 1J^ times as long

as carpus, unarmed; ischium about half as long

merus, unarmed; combined lengths of carpus and

propodus of fifth pereiopod subequal to that of ischium

and merus.

Endopod (Figures 2k-m) of first pleopod of male

about 3^ as long as exopod, apex obliquely truncated,

nonsetose; appendix interna completely fused with

endopod, retinacular lobe present. Appendix masculina (Figures 2n—p) of second pleopod of male with 4

apical spinules, unarmed except near apex. Abdominal sternites unarmed. Outer margin of uropodal

exopod (Figure 1*) terminating in blunt, triangular

projection, with stronger mesial movable spine;

exopod with suture at level of outer tooth, dorsal
NUMBER 89

surface marked with blunt, triangular tooth or lobe

on each side anterior to suture. Eggs small and numerous, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 2.1^4.5 mm;

of females, 2.4—6.7 mm; of ovigerous females, 3.8-

6.7 mm.

COLOR.—Body covered with scattered red chromatophores on light-cream, white, or colorless background. Chromatophores arranged in band across

anterior portion of abdomen; color also concentrated

on pleura and on appendages. Dactyls of first pereiopods and distal 2 segments of third maxillipeds darker

than body. Smaller specimens with fewer chromatophores on body. Eggs orange.

DISCUSSION.—Among the western Atlantic processids, A. symmetricus shows some slight resemblance to

Processa hemphilli, new species; a specimen of Ambidexter lacking the first pereiopods could be confused

with P. hemphilli, for in both species the second pereiopods are symmetrical and have the same number of

articles in the merus (four) and carpus (ten). In P.

hemphilli, however, the stylocerite is armed laterally

and the proportions of the segments of the pereiopods

are different in the two species. In A. symmetricus the propodus of the third pereiopod is half as long as the carpus,

and the propodus of the fifth pereiopod is two thirds

the length of the carpus; in P. hemphilli the propodus

of the third pereiopod is three fifths the length of the

carpus, and the propodus of the fifth pereiopod is

four fifths the length of the carpus. Both species are

recorded herein from the west coast of Florida, where

they may occur together.

Specimens of A. symmetricus are uniform and exhibit

little variation. The relative size and number of

articles in the thickened portion of the antennular

flagellum appears to be the same in both males and

females. The number of articles in the carpus and

merus of the second pereiopods was not observed to

vary widely; all specimens have four meral and nine

or ten carpal articles. The merocarpal articulation of

the second pereiopods does not extend beyond the

eye, and falls well short of the eye in smaller specimens.

The apex of the telson is rounded, as figured, or ends

in an acute point.

The specimens collected by one of us (RBM) in

Florida and Puerto Rico were obtained by using a

push net in shallow water, one meter or less, on grass

flats, after dark. Specimens were found on both

Diplanthera and Thalassia flats with sand or mud

substratum.

We have reexamined the material reported by

Tabb and Manning (1961). Rouse (1970) noted that

two species were taken in collections from Florida

Bay studied by him; one of those had symmetrical

first pereiopods.

NAME.—The generic name is from the Latin, ambo,

both, and dexter, right, referring to the symmetrical

chelae of the first pereiopods. The specific name is

from the Greek, symmetros, referring to the symmetrical

second pereiopods.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Biscayne Bay, Miami, Dade

County, Florida.

RANGE.—Western Atlantic region, from scattered

localities in the northern and western Gulf of Mexico,

southern Florida to Tamaulipas, Puerto Rico, and

Trinidad; sublittoral to 6 m. It has been recorded

from Everglades National Park, Florida, by Tabb

and Manning (1961) and Rouse (1970).

Nikoides Paulson, 1875

Nikoides Paulson, 1875: 98.—Dc Man, 1920: 192 [list of

species then known].—Gurney, 1937: 88 [review of species].

—Holthuis, 1955: 117 [synonymy].

DEFINITION.—Processid shrimp with only 1 of

first pereiopods chelate, the other (usually left) with

simple dactyl; both first pereiopods with exopods.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875, by

monotypy.

GENDER .—Masculine.

NUMBER OF SPECIES.—5, of which 1 is described

below. The 5 known species may be distinguished by

means of the following key:

Key to the Species of Nikoides

Rostrum simple, without dorsal subapical tooth [right second pereiopod with 15 meral and

43 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 6 meral and 19 carpal articles; stylocerite

unarmed laterally]

Nikoides nanus Chace, 1955; Eniwetok Atoll and Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands,

Pacific Ocean

Rostrum with dorsal subapical tooth 2
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

2( 1). Dorsal rostral tooth widely separated from apical tooth, interval between teeth more than 3

times length of dorsal tooth [right second pereiopod unknown; left second pereiopod with

7 meral and 24 carpal articles; stylocerite not described]

Nikoides maldivensis Borradaile, 1915; Maldive Islands and Amirante Islands, Indian

Ocean

Dorsal rostral tooth not widely separated from apical tooth, interval between teeth subequal

to length of dorsal tooth 3

3(2). Posterolateral angle of fifth abdominal somite unarmed [right second pereiopod with 23-24

meral and 43-49 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5 meral and 17-18 carpal

articles; stylocerite with lateral spine in adults] Nikoides schmitti, new species

Posterolateral angle of fifth abdominal somite with spine 4

4(3). Third maxilliped exceeding antennal scale by most or all of 2 distal segments; nonchelate

first pereiopod exceeding antennal scale by dactyl and most of propodus; fourth pereiopod

extending beyond antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and nearly all of carpus [right second

pereiopod with 23 meral and 50 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 7 meral and 22

carpal articles; stylocerite unarmed (?)]

Nikoides sibogae De Man, 1918; Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands, Pacific Ocean; Timor,

Kei Islands, Aru Islands, Indonesia

Third maxilliped exceeding antennal scale by slightly more than terminal segment; nonchelate first pereiopod exceeding antennal scale by dactyl only; fourth pereiopod extending beyond antennal scale by dactyl and slightly more than half of propodus [right

second pereiopod with 28 meral and 60 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 7-8

meral and 28 carpal articles; stylocerite with lateral spine]

Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875; Red Sea

Nikoides schmitti, new species

FIGURES 3-5

Processa sp. Bullis and Thompson, 1965: 8 [listed; specimen

from Oregon 2249].

HOLOTYPE.— d\ 4.4 mm; Florida, Monroe County,

Tortugas, near black buoy, 1.25 km south of Garden

Key; boat dredge, northeast haul, 26 m; W. L.

Schmitt station 42-32; 8 July 1932; USNM 134109.

PARATYPES.— 1 cT; data as for holotype; USNM.—

1 ovigerous 9 ; Florida, Dade County, Biscayne Bay;

Bill Retskin, col.; 7 July 1960; USNM.—1 ovigerous

9 ; same, 1.25 km east of Matheson Hammock;

shrimp trawl; D. Tabb, col.; 21-22 April 1961;

USNM.—1 9 ; same, between markers 22 and 23,

near west end of Biscayne Channel, approximately

1.1 km west-southwest of Cape Florida; 5 m; K.

McNulty and R. Work, col.; Institute of Marine

Sciences Bottom Community Survey station 22; 11

July 1957; USNM.

OTHER MATERIAL.— 1 d", 1 ovigerous 9 ; between

British and Dutch Guiana; 33°11.5'N, 79°07'W; 7-9

m; Oregon station 2249; 27 July 1960; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with lateral spine in adults. (Right pereiopod of

first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods with exopods.) Second pereiopods asymmetrical,

right longer. Right second pereiopod with 23-24

meral and 43-49 carpal articles, left second pereiopod

with 5 meral and 17-18 carpal articles. Carpus of

fifth pereiopod longer than propodus. Fifth abdominal

somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites

unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 3b) slightly deflexed, slender, extending to cornea or slightly beyond anterior margin of eye. Apex (Figure 3c) bifid,

lower tooth longer, apex obscured by numerous long

setae. Lower margin of rostrum sinuous, convex

proximally, slightly concave distally. Lower orbital

angle inconspicuous, broadly rounded. Antennal

spine well developed. Lower anterior angle of carapace broadly rounded (Figure 3a).

Abdomen (Figure 3d) smooth, surface sparsely

setose, ventral margins of pleura lined with fine setae.

Fifth abdominal somite rounded posterolaterally.

Sixth abdominal somite less than twice as long as

fifth, angled or bluntly spined posterolaterally; lobe

above articulation of uropod usually unarmed. Telson

(Figure 3^) about or slightly more than 1 Vz times as

long as sixth abdominal somite, length more than 3

times greatest width, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 2

pairs of distal spines; anterior pair of dorsal spines of

telson set in proximal fourth, distal pair at midlength;

distance from anterior margin to anterior pair of

spines less than half the distance between pairs of
NUMBER 89

FIGURE 3.—Nikoides schmitti, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 4.4 mm: a, anterior

region; b, rostrum; c, same, distal end; d, abdomen; e, telson and uropods;/, end of telson; g, right

antennule; h, right antenna; i, right mandible;y, left mandible; k, right first maxilla; /, right second

maxilla; m, right first maxilliped; n, right second maxilliped; o, right third maxilliped. Magnifications: d, X6; a, b, e, g, h, o, X12.5;/, k-n, X25; c, i,j, X63.

spines; outer of distal spines (Figure 3/) stronger,

ventromesial flanked mesially by strong plumose

seta; apex of telson rounded.

Eyes (Figure 3a) moderately large, cornea width

less than length of stalk and cornea combined, twice

or more greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 3g) extending beyond

rostrum by distal segments and distalmost third of

proximal segment, proximal segment longer than

distal segments combined, penultimate segment l'/2

times as long as ultimate. Proximal segment of antennular peduncle with ventral spine, set slightly beyond

midlength. Stylocerite broadly rounded, with small

lateral tooth in largest specimens (Figure 5c). Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule at least as long as

carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting of

20-21 articles and amounting to ^ of length in

males, of 21-25 articles and amounting to % of length

in females, slender distal portion with 9-14 segments

in both sexes. Ventromesial flagellum of antennule

at least three times as long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure Zti) extending to end of or

beyond antennular peduncle by less than length of

distalmost segment, length of scale about 4 times

greatest breadth; distal spine of scale overreaching

anterior margin of blade in males, falling short of

anterior margin in females. Antennal peduncle extending slighdy beyond proximal segment of anten-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 4.—Nikoides schmitti, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 4.4 mm: a, right first

pereiopod; b, left first pereiopod; c, left second pereiopod; d, right third pereiopod; e, same, dactyl;

/ , right fourth pereiopod; g, same, dactyl; h, right fifth pereiopod; i, same, dactyl;_/', right first pleopod; k, same, endopod; /, same, coupling-hook area at distomesial angle; m, right second pleopod;

n, same, appendix masculina and appendix interna; o, end of appendix masculina. Magnifications:

a~d, f, />, j , m, X 12.5; k, n, X25; e, g, i, /, o, X63.

nular peduncle. Basal segment of antenna lacking

ventrolateral spine. Antennal flagellum more than

§Y<2, times carapace length.

Third maxilliped (Figure 3o) overreaching antennal

scale by slightly more than length of distal segment

in males, by most of penultimate segment in females;

ultimate segment with dorsal spines, apex sharp,

about as long as penultimate segment but slightly less

than 3^ as long as proximal segment. Exopod well

developed. Posterior margin of mandible (Figures

3i, j) with 13 small spines. Remainder of mouthparts

shown in Figures 3k-n.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 4a) chelate,

falling short of tip of antennal scale, slightly overreaching penultimate segment of antennular peduncle; fingers about Yi length of the palm in males,

about % the length of palm in females; carpus subequal to or slightly shorter than palm; merus longer

than carpus and chela combined. Left pereiopod of

first pair (Figure Sb) with dactyl simple, extending

about to end of antennal scale; dactyl less than %

the length of propodus; carpus shorter than propodus;

merus about as long as carpus, propodus, and dactyl

combined. Exopods of first pereiopods not extending

beyond midlength of merus. First pereiopods with

arthrobranch. Second pereiopods (Figure 5) strongly

asymmetrical. Right larger, overreaching antennal

scale by chela, carpus, and Y2 of merus; ischium

divided into 3, merus into 23-24, and carpus into

43-49 articles; fingers subequal to palm in males,

slightly shorter than palm in females; carpus about 13

times as long as chela in males, about 10 times as
NUMBER 89 11

long as chela in females; merus more than 7 times as

long as chela in males, 5-7 times as long as chela in

females; ischium shorter than merus. Left pereiopod

of second pair (Figures Ac, 5b) overreaching antennal

scale by chela and about J^ of carpus; ischium not

noticeably segmented, merus with 5 and carpus with

17-18 articles; fingers subequal to palm; carpus more

than 8 times as long as chela; merus about 5 times as

long as chela; ischium subequal to merus. Third

pereiopod (Figure Ad) overreaching antennal scale

by dactyl, propodus, and ^ of carpus; dactyl (Figure

Ae) slender, simple, with numerous apical setae; propodus more than 3 times as long as dactyl, unarmed,

ornamented with few scattered setae; carpus about

2 times as long as propodus in males, about 2-3

times as long in females, unarmed; merus less than

twice as long as propodus, with 4 movable spines on

lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus, with 2

movable spines on lateral surface; combined length

of propodus and carpus of third pereiopod about as

long as that of ischium and merus in males, combined

length of propodus and carpus slightly longer in

large females. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 4/) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and ^ of

carpus; dactyl (Figure 4^) slender, simple, with numerous apical setae; propodus less than 3 times as

long as dactyl, unarmed, with few scattered setae on

surface and several long, distal tufts of setae; outer

margin of propodus not lined with short setae in

males; carpus slightly more than twice as long as

propodus, unarmed, with few scattered setae; merus

slightly less than twice the length of propodus, with

2-8 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium shorter

than merus, with 1-2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length of propodus and carpus of

fourth pereiopod greater than that of ischium and

merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure Ah) overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl and 2"io of propodus in males,

by dactyl and all of propodus in large females; dactyl

(Figure 4i) slender, with rounded ventral tubercle

distally and numerous long apical setae; propodus

less than 3 times as long as dactyl, with scattered tufts

of setae and 2 slender spines on flexor margin; upper

margin of propodus not lined with short setae in

males; carpus less than 1 J/£ times as long as propodus

in males, 1l/^ times as long in females, unarmed, with

few scattered setae; merus about \}/<i times as long

as propodus in males, P/4 times in females, unarmed;

combined length of propodus and carpus of fifth

pereiopod subequal to that of ischium and merus.

Endopod of first male pleopod (Figures Aj-k) about

x

/l as long as exopod, apex obliquely truncate, with

coupling hooks mesially; margins sparsely setose.

Appendix masculina on endopod of second male

pleopod (Figures Am-o) with short lateral spinules and

several longer distal spinules. Abdominal sternites

unarmed. Basal segment of uropod (Figure 3*) terminating in rounded outer lobe; outer margin of exopods

with 2 teeth at diaresis, inner slender, movable, outer

blunter, fixed; diaresis with 2 blunt triangular lobes

projecting posteriorly. Eggs small and numerous,

0.4—0.5 mm in diameter.

FIGURE 5.—Nikoides schmitti, new species. Paratype, male, from

same lot as holotype, carapace length 5.0 mm: a, right second

pereiopod; b, left second pereiopod. Paratype, ovigerous

female, from Biscayne Bay, 7 July 1960, carapace length 8.8

mm: c, stylocerite of right antennule. Magnifications: a, b,

X12.5; c, X25.
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 4.4—5.3 mm; of

females, 4.2-8.6 mm; of ovigerous females, 7.0-8.8

mm.

COLOR.—-Not recorded.

DISCUSSION.—Four species of Nikoides have been

described from localities in the Indo-West Pacific

region; until now, the genus was believed to be restricted to that region. The four previously known

species are Nikoides danae Paulson, 1875, from the

Red Sea; Nikoides maldivensis Borradaile, 1915, from

the Maldive Islands and Amirante Islands, Indian

Ocean; Nikoides sibogae De Man, 1918, from Indonesia

and Bikini Atoll, Pacific Ocean; and Nikoides nanus

Chace, 1955, from the Marshall Islands. Gurney

(1937) suggested that N. sibogae and N. danae should

be synonymized, but Chace (1955) recognized both

species. Nikoides schmitti differs from N. danae, N.

sibogae, and N. nanus in lacking a posterolateral spine

on the pleuron of the fifth abdominal somite; it

further differs from iV. nanus in having a bifid rostrum.

The new species differs from N. maldivensis in having

the rostral tooth situated subapically, not at the

middle of the rostrum as in Borradaile's species.

The two specimens from the Guianas lack most

pereiopods but appear to be conspecific with those

from Florida; they were reported by Bullis and

Thompson (1965) as Processa sp.

NAME.—We take great pleasure in dedicating this

species to Waldo L. Schmitt, the dean of American

carcinologists, who collected the holotype, and whose

collections from the Americas have laid the foundation for much of our present knowledge of American

decapods.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—1.25 km south of Garden Key,

Tortugas, Monroe County, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Atlantic, where it is

known only from two localities off Florida, Biscayne

Bay and Dry Tortugas, and from off the Guianas;

shallow water to 26 m.

Processa Leach, 1815

Processa Leach, 1815, explanation of plate 41.—De Man, 1920:

197 [species listed].—Holthuis, 1955: 116 [synonymy].—

Nouvel and Holthuis, 1957: 7 [synonymy, account of

eastern Atlantic species].

DEFINITION.—Processid shrimps with only 1 of

first pereiopods chelate, the other (usually left) with

simple dactyl, and with first pereiopods lacking

exopods.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Processa canaliculata Leach, 1815,

by monotypy.

GENDER.—Feminine.

NUMBER OF SPECIES.—35, of which 14 occur in the

Indo-West Pacific area (Table 1) and 21 occur m

the Atlantic.

DISCUSSION.—Four groups can be distinguished

among the nine species recorded below. In the two

new species, P.fimbriata and P. riveroi, the stylocerite

is armed, the pleuron of the fifth abdominal somite

is armed posterolaterally, and the sternal spines are

present on the abdomen. So far as we can determine,

the only other species in which sternal spines have

been recorded is P. elegantula Nouvel and Holthuis,

which lacks the spine on the fifth pleuron, but has a

well-developed spine on the stylocerite. Processa elegantula apparently is distantly related to P. fimbriata

and P. riveroi; the sternal spines probably have arisen

independently in the latter two species. The second

group of species comprises P. bermudensis (Rankin)

and P. vicina, new species, which differ from all other

Atlantic processids in lacking antennal spines on the

carapace; P. vicina differs from P. bermudensis in having

symmetrical second pereiopods. P. hemphilli, new species, which also has symmetrical second pereiopods

but has well-developed antennal spines, has two

counterparts—P. parva Holthuis in the eastern Atlantic and P. aequimana (Paulson) in the Red Sea.

The three species are so similar that they may prove

to represent subspecies or populations of the same

species. The remaining four species have asymmetrical

second pereiopods, an unarmed pleuron on the fifth

abdominal somite, and well-developed antennal

spines. Two of the species, P. guyanae Holthuis and

P. tenuipes, new species, are similar to P. canaliculata

Leach and appear to be its counterparts in the western Atlantic.

The specimens of each species examined by us have

proved to be very uniform, varying little if at all in

major features; there were some observed differences

between males and females and other differences between young specimens and adults. We observed no

variation comparable to that reported by Allen (1961)

for P. canaliculata from England. He observed variation in the spination of the stylocerite, the pleuron of

the fifth abdominal somite, and the lobe on the sixth

somite above the articulation of the uropod, as well

as in the occurrence of arthrobranchs on the first

pereiopods, the shape of the male pleopods, and the
NUMBER 89 13

TABLE 1,—Nominal Species of Processa Described from the Indo-West Pacific Region

Species Region

P. aequimana (Paulson, 1875) (Gurney, 1937)

P. australiensis (Baker, 1907) (De Man, 1920)

P. austroqfricana Barnard, 1947 (Barnard, 1950, 1955)

P. coutiere Nobili, 1904 (Nouvel, 1945)

P. gracilis Baker, 1907

P. hawaiiensis (Dana, 1852)

P. jacobsoni De Man, 1921 (De Man, 1924)

P. japonica (De Haan, 1849) (Gurney, 1937)

P. kotiensis (Yokoya, 1933)

P. macrognatha (Stimpson, 1860)

P. molaris Chace, 1955

P. paucirostris Edmondson, 1930

P. processa (Bate, 1888)

P. steinii Edmondson, 1935

Red Sea

Australia, Philippine Islands, Indonesia, and South Arabian

coast

South Africa

Gulf of Aden

South Australia

Hawaiian Islands

Savaii, Samoa, and Sumatra

Japan, Indonesia, Hawaiian Islands

Japan

Hong Kong

Rongelap Atoll and Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands

Hawaiian Islands

Japan, Hawaiian Islands, Amboina, Singapore, and Gulf of

Martaban

Hawaiian Islands

terminal spination of the telson. These features ap- The Indo-West Pacific species of Processa described

pear to be more stable in the western Atlantic species to date are listed in Table 1. All of the species listed

of Processa. in that table appear to be distinct from their Atlantic

There is a species of Processa from the Caribbean counterparts, with the possible exception of P. aequiwhich we have not described herein. It differs from mana (Paulson), which we have not seen and which

all the western Atlantic species in having the rostrum is similar to P. parva and P. hemphilli from the eastern

extending beyond the eyes, almost to the end of the and western Atlantic.

first segment of the antennular peduncle. Both speci- A provisional key to the Atlantic species of Promens in our collections lack all of the pereiopods. One cessa follows. We have included P. pontica (Sowinsky)

of the specimens from Old Providence Island, West in the key on the basis of its redescription by Bacescu

Indies, was recorded by Rathbun (1901) as P. canali- (1967)—Nouvel and Holthuis (1957) had synonyculata. mized the species with P. edulis (Risso).

Provisional Key to Atlantic Species of Processa

1. Pleuron of fifth abdominal somite with posterolateral spine 2

Pleuron of fifth abdominal somite rounded or angled posterolaterally, lacking distinct

posterolateral spine 10

2( 1). Stylocerite unarmed 3

Stylocerite with spine or spines on anterior margin 5

3(2). Apex of rostrum simple, not bifid [right second pereiopod with 18-31 meral and 47-65

carpa] articles, left second pereiopod with 6-7 (13) meral and 23-28 carpal articles]....

Processa acutirostris Nouvel and Holthuis, 1957; eastern Atlantic, from France,

Spain, and the Mediterranean Sea

Apex of rostrum bifid 4

4(3). Merocarpal articulation of right second pereiopod not extending beyond antennal scale;

second pereiopods almost symmetrical [right second pereiopod with 6-9 (11) meral and

18-24 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5 meral and 14—15 (17) carpal articles]..

Processa robust a Nouvel and Holthuis, 1957; eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean

Sea

Merocarpal articulation of right second pereiopod extending beyond antennal scale;

second pereiopods very asymmetrical, right stronger [right second pereiopod with 12-18

(21) meral and 31-45 (49) carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5-7 meral and

17—24 carpal articles]

Processa edulis (Risso, 1816); eastern Atlantic, from the Netherlands to the western

Mediterranean Sea; Nouvel and Holthuis (1957) recognize 3 subspecies
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

5(2). Merus of left second pereiopod undivided [right second pereiopod with 12-18 meral and

36-43 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 1 meral and 16-19 carpal articles]

Processa macrodactyla Holthuis, 1952; Rio de Oro, West Africa

Merus of left second pereiopod subdivided into at least 5 articles 6

6(5). Lobe on sixth abdominal somite above articulation of uropod unarmed [right second pereiopod with 14-20 (22) meral and 38-49 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5-6

(8) meral and 17-18 (20) carpal articles]

Processa macrophthalma Nouvel and Holthuis, 1957; western Mediterranean and

Gulf of Guinea

Lobe on sixth abdominal somite above articulation of uropod produced into posterior

spine 7

7(6). Stylocerite with row of spinules across anterior margin; pleuron of fifth abdominal somite

with spinule above posterolateral spine [right second pereiopod with 15—18 meral and

28-40 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5 meral and 20-24 carpal articles]

Processa pontica (Sowinsky, 1882) (Bacescu, 1967); Black Sea

Stylocerite with spinule at inner or outer angle but not across anterior margin; pleuron of

fifth abdominal somite lacking supplementary spinule above posterolateral spine 8

8(7). Basal segment of antenna unarmed; first pereiopods with arthrobranch; sternal spines absent [right second pereiopod with 10-20 meral and 28-65 carpal articles, left second

pereiopod with 5-7 meral and 14—20 carpal articles]

Processa intermedia Holthuis, 1951; West Africa, from the Cape Verde Islands,

Liberia, Gold Coast, and Rio de Oro

Basal segment of antenna with spine; no arthrobranch on first pereiopods; spines present on

sternum of anterior 5 abdominal somites 9

9(8). Cornea width 2 times greatest width of antennal scale; stylocerite armed at outer angle

only; third pereiopod overreaching antennal scale by propodus and dactyl only [right

second pereiopod with 13-16 meral and 31-40 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with

4-6 meral and 15-18 carpal articles] Processa fimbriata, new species

Cornea width less than 1 Yi times greatest width of antennal scale; stylocerite with spine at

inner and outer angles; third pereiopod overreaching antennal scale by most of carpus

[right second pereiopod with 17 meral and 39-43 carpal articles, left second pereiopod

with 5-6 meral and 16-20 carpal articles] Processa riveroi, new species

10(1). Antennal spine absent 11

Antennal spine present 12

11(10). Second pereiopods asymmetrical; rostrum not markedly deflexed anteriorly [right second

pereiopod with 10-15 meral and 19-29 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 3—4

meral and 13-15 carpal articles] Processa bermudensis (Rankin, 1900)

Second pereiopods symmetrical; rostrum deflexed anteriorly [second pereiopods with 5

meral and 10-14 carpal articles Processa vicina, new species

12(11). Second pereiopods symmetrical 13

Second pereiopods asymmetrical 14

13( 12). Rostrum anteriorly deflexed; apex of telson acute but not produced into sharp point [second

pereiopods with 4-6 (usually 6) meral and 10-15 (usually 11) carpal articles]

Processa parva Holthuis, 1951; eastern Atlantic, from the North Sea to the western

Mediterranean; West Africa

Rostrum not markedly deflexed; apex of telson produced into sharp point [second pereiopods with 4 meral and 10 carpal articles] Processa hemphilli, new species

14(12). Second pereiopods slightly asymmetrical, merocarpal articulation of right pereiopod not

extending beyond antennal scale 15

Second pereiopods very asymmetrical, merocarpal articulation of right pereiopod overreaching antennal scale 16

15(14). Rostrum extending beyond eyes; endopod of first male pleopod with angular apex [first,

second, and third abdominal somites with sternal spines in males and young females;

right second pereiopods with 6-8 (11) meral and 17-21 (30) carpal articles, left second

pereiopod with 5-6 meral and 14-17 carpal articles]

Processa etegantula Nouvel and Holthuis, 1957; eastern Atlantic, from France and

the western Mediterranean

Rostrum not extending beytond eyes; endopod of first male pleopod broadly rounded

apically [abdominal sternites not described; right second pereiopod with 7 meral and 23

carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5 meral and 15 carpal articles]

Processa wheeleri Lebour, 1941
NUMBER 89 15

16(14). Lobe on sixth abdominal somite above articulation of uropod produced into posterior

spine 17

Lobe on sixth abdominal somite above articulation of uropod unarmed1 18

17(16). Stylocerite with strong lateral spine, anterior margin evenly convex from inner angle to

lateral spine; antennal scale scarcely overreaching antennular peduncle [right second

pereiopod with 21-22 meral and 45-46 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5 meral

and 18-21 carpal articles] Processa profunda, new species

Stylocerite with lateral spine, anterior margin straight or slightly sinuous, not curving outward from inner angle to lateral spine; antennal scale overreaching antennular peduncle

by length of distal article [right second pereiopod with 16-24 (27) meral and 40-62 carpal

articles, left second pereiopod with 4-8 (11) meral and 18-22 (28) carpal articles]

Processa mediterranea (Parisi, 1915); eastern Atlantic from France to western Mediterranean

18( 16). Basal segment of antenna lacking lateral spine; anterior margin of stylocerite strongly sloping laterally; first pereiopod with arthrobranch [right second pereiopod with 9 meral and

(20) 33-36 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 4 meral and 17 carpal articles]....

Processa borboronica Holthuis, 1952; Gulf of Guinea

Basal segment of antenna with lateral spine; anterior margin of stylocerite straight or sinuous, not markedly sloping laterally; first pereiopod without arthrobranch 19

19(18). Stylocerite with strong lateral spine; carpus of right second pereiopod with fewer than 40

articles [right second pereiopod with 14—18 meral and 30-35 carpal articles, left second

pereiopod with 5 meral and 15-19 carpal articles]

Processa canaliculata Leach, 1815; eastern Atlantic, from the North Sea to the

eastern Mediterranean

Stylocerite with lateral tubercle; carpus of right second pereiopod with more than 40

articles 20

20(19). Fifth pereiopod with propodus 4 times as long as dactyl and merus longer than carpus;

rostrum straight dorsally [right second pereiopod with 18-20 meral and 44-47 carpal

articles, left second pereiopod with 3-5+ meral and 17-18 carpal articles]

Processa guyanae Holthuis, 1959

Fifth pereiopod with propodus 6-7 times as long as dactyl and merus shorter than carpus;

rostrum convex dorsally [right second pereiopod with 18-28 meral and 48-69 carpal

articles, left second pereiopod with 5-9 meral and 17-26 carpal articles]

Processa tenuipes, new species

1

 Allen (1961) points out that this lobe may be armed in specimens of P. canaliculata from Northumberland, England.

Processa bermudensis (Rankin, 1900)

FIGURES 6, 7

Nika bermudensis Rankin, 1900: 536, pi. 17: figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Processa canaliculata.—Rathbun, 1901: 104 [part, records for

Bermuda and Key West only; listed].—Schmitt, 1935: 169,

fig. 32 [part; Bermuda record only].—Chace, 1937: 56

[listed; ? part].—Monod, 1939: 557.

Processa canaliculata var. bermudensis.—Verrill, 1922: 138, pi. 16:

figs. 6-66, pi. 35: figs, l-lg, pi. 41: fig. 4, pi. 47: figs. 8, 8a,

86 [? part; some figures possibly of P. processa, from Bate,

1888].

Processa bermudensis.—Gurney, 1936: 624, pi. 5: figs. 44—52, pi.

6: figs. 53-62 [larvae], pi. 7: figs. 63-68 [larvae]; 1937: 87

[listed].—Lebour, 1941: 401, 410, figs. 28-33.—Holthuis,

1959: 120 [discussion].—Williams, 1965: 86, fig. 70.

Processa ?bermudensis.—O'Gower and Wacasey, 1967:209 [listed].

Processa sp. Rouse, 1970: 140 [part].

MATERIAL.—Id"; Bermuda; G. Brown Goode;

1876-1877; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9; Bermuda,

Saint George's Island, Ferry Point, grass flats on

eastern side of point; push net; afternoon; L. K. and

R. B. Manning, col.; 18 April 1970; USNM.—5d";

same; night collection; L. K. and R. B. Manning,

col.; 18 April 1970; USNM.—lcf, 2 9 (1 ovigerous);

same; grass flats on western side of point; push net;

at night; L. K. and R. B. Manning, col.; 18 April

1970; USNM.—3 9 (2 ovigerous); Florida, Dade

County, Miami, Virginia Key, Bear Cut; sewage

beach, north of causeway; pushnet; R. B. Manning,

col.; 4 May 1961; USNM.—7 ovigerous 9 ;Florida,

Dade County, Miami, Biscayne Bay; bait shrimp

trawl; M. McBean, col.; 29 July 1959; USNM.—11

ovigerous 9 ; same; 4 August 1959; USNM.—1 d\ 2
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ovigerous 9 ; same; shrimp trawl; B. Retskin, col.; 7

July 1960; USNM.— 1 ovigerous 9 ; Florida, Monroe

County, Key West; H. Hemphill, col.; 1885; USNM.

— 1 ovigerous 9 ; Florida, Monroe County, Dry

Tortugas, off west side of Bush Key Reef; from Halimeda; 20 August 1924; USNM.—1 9 ; Florida, Monroe County, Everglades National Park, Buttonwood

Canal; D. Dubrow, A. Jones, col.; 4—5 April 1962;

USNM.—5 9 (1 ovigerous); Florida, mouth of

Tampa Bay, Egmont Key; trawl; Carl H. Saloman,

col., station K-3; 21 December 1962; USNM.—6 9 ;

same; 13 December 1963; USNM.—9 damaged

specimens; Florida, Levy County, Cedar Key; H.

Hemphill, col.; December 1883; USNM.—1 9 ;

same; Amphioxus dredge; M. Wass, col.; 10 March

1956; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9 ; Cuba, Cabanas; on

mud, shell, and grass bottom; poisoned with copper

sulphate; Tomas Barrera Expedition station 16; 8 June

1914; USNM.— 1 ovigerous 9 ; Cuba, Matanzas

Province, Varadero, Cardenas Bay, off 61st Street;

W. L. Schmitt, col.; 19January 1957; USNM.—8d\

7 ovigerous 9 ; Puerto Rico, Lajas, La Parguera,

east side of Maguey Island; evening, after dark, with

push net on shallow Thalassia flats; R. B. Manning

station PR 6-61; 24 June 1961; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine absent. Stylocerite

rounded laterally, unarmed. (Right pereiopod of

first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods lacking exopods.) Second legs asymmetrical,

right longer. Right second pereiopod with 10-15

meral and 19-29 carpal articles, left second pereiopod

with 3-4 meral and 13-15 carpal articles. Carpus of

fifth pereiopod longer than propodus. Fifth abdominal somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal

sternites unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 6b, c) almost

straight, not extending beyond eye; apex slightly deflexed, bifid, lower tooth longer, bifurcation obscured

by several long setae; lower margin of rostrum convex

proximally, concave distally. Lower orbital angle inconspicuous, rounded. Antennal spine absent. Lower

anterior angle of carapace broadly rounded (Figure

6a).

Abdomen (Figure 6d) smooth, surface sparsely

setose, ventral margins of pleura lined with fine setae.

Fifth abdominal somite rounded posterolaterally.

Sixth abdominal somite less than twice as long as

fifth, bluntly angled posterolaterally; lobe above

articulation of uropod rounded, unarmed. Telson

(Figure 6^) about 1J^ times as long as sixth abdominal

somite, length 2*-^ to 3 times greatest width, with 2

pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of distal spines; anterior

pair of dorsal spines of telson set in proximal fourth,

posterior spines at midlength; distance between anterior margin and anterior pair of dorsal spines less

than ]/2 the distance between pairs of dorsal spines;

outer of distal spines (Figure 6/) stronger, ventromesial flanked mesially by strong plumose seta; apex

of telson produced into sharp median point.

Eye (Figure 6a) moderately large; cornea width

FIGURE 6.—Processa bermudensis (Rankin), male from Parguera,

Puerto Rico (Manning Station 6-61), carapace length 3.0 mm:

a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c, same, distal end; d, abdomen;

e, telson and uropods;/, end of telson; g, right antennule; h,

right antenna; i, right mandible; j , left mandible; k, right

first maxilla; /, right second maxilla; m, right first maxilliped;

n, right second maxilliped; o, right third maxilliped. Magnifications: d, X6, a, b, e, g, h, o, X12.5;/, k-n, X25; c, i,j, X63.
NUMBER 89 17

less than length of stalk and cornea combined, slightly

more than twice greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 6g) extending beyond rostrum by distal 2 segments and

 x/i of proximal

segment, proximal segment longer than distal segments combined, ultimate segment %Q the length of

penultimate segment; proximal segment of antennular peduncle with ventral spine, set slightly beyond

midlength. Stylocerite obtusely rounded laterally,

inner margin projecting farther than outer, unarmed.

Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule ^ a s l°ng

 a s

carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting of

12-17 articles and amounting to %-% of length,

slender distal portion consisting of 5-11 articles;

ventromesial flagellum 2-3 times as long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure 6h) extending to or almost

to end of antennular peduncle, length of scale about

5% times greatest breadth; distal spine of scale overreaching blade. Antennal peduncle extending about

to midlength of second segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment of antenna lacking ventrolateral spine. Antennal flagellum about 4 times carapace length.

Third maxilliped (Figure 6o) overreaching antennai

scale by distal and ^ of penultimate segments; ultimate segment with some short spines on surface, apex

acute; ultimate segment equal to or shorter than

penultimate, less than

 x/l a s

 l°ng

 a s

 proximal segment; exopod well developed. Posterior margin of

molar process of mandible with row of 9 spines. Other

mouthparts (Figures 6z-n) as figured.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure Id) chelate,

overreaching antennal scale by about

 x/i the length

of fingers; fingers about % the length of palm; carpus

subequal to palm; merus as long as carpus and chela

combined. Left pereiopod of first pair (Figure 7 b)

with simple dactyl, overreaching antennal scale by

nearly entire dactyl; dactyl about }/% the length of

propodus; carpus about % the length of propodus;

merus as long as carpus and propodus combined.

Arthrobranchs not visible at base of first pereiopods.

Second pereiopods (Figures 7 c, d) unequal, right

longer, overreaching antennal scale by chela and

nearly all of carpus; merocarpal articulation of right

pereiopod extending beyond eye; ischium with 5 indistinct, merus with 10-15, and carpus with 19-29

articles; fingers about % as long as palm; carpus almost 6 times as long as chela; merus slightly more

than 3 times as long as chela; ischium slightly longer

than merus. Left pereiopod of second pair overreaching antennal scale by chela and slightly less than

carpus; ischium undivided, merus with 3-4 and carpus

with 13-15 articles; fingers subequal to palm; carpus

slightly more than 6 times as long as chela; merus

about 4 times as long as chela; ischium slightly

shorter than merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 7e)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and

V2 of carpus; dactyl (Figure 7/) slender, simple, with

subapical setae; propodus about 3 ^ times as long as

dactyl, unarmed, surface ornamented with scattered

short setae, longer tufts at apex; carpus 1% times as

long as propodus, unarmed, with scattered short

setae on surface; merus about 1 J/£ times as long as

propodus, with 4—5 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium about % as long as merus, with 2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length of

propodus and carpus of third pereiopod slightly

greater than that of ischium and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 7^) overreaching antennal scale by

dactyl, propodus, and Y2 of carpus; dactyl (Figure 7h)

slender, simple, with subapical tufts of setae; propodus

slightly more than 4 times as long as dactyl, unarmed,

ornamented with few short setae on surface and longer

distal tufts; outer margin of propodus not markedly

more setose in males than females; carpus about l}/£

times as long as propodus, unarmed, ornamented

with few surface setae; merus about 13^4 times as long

as propodus, with 4-8 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus, with 2 movable

spines on lateral surface; combined length of carpus

and propodus of fourth pereiopod greater than that

of ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 7i)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and propodus;

dactyl (Figure 7/) slender, simple, apex obscured by

long setae; propodus more than 3 3^2 times as long as

dactyl, ornamented with scattered short setae on surface and 3 spines on flexor margin; outer margin of

propodus not markedly more setose in males than in

females; carpus slightly longer than propodus, unarmed; merus about \x

/± times as long as propodus,

unarmed; ischium shorter than merus, unarmed;

combined length of propodus and carpus of fifth

pereiopod greater than that of ischium and merus.

Endopod of first male pleopod (Figures 7k, I) about

half as long as exopod, tapering distally, apex acute,

setose, retinacular lobe well developed. Appendix

masculina of second male pleopod (Figures 7«, 0) with

row of spinules on lateral margin, and with 4 distal

and 2 subdistal spinules. Abdominal sternites unarmed. Outer margin of uropodal exopod (Figure 6^)
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 7.—Processa bermudensis (Rankin), male from Parguera, Puerto Rico (Manning Station 6-61), carapace length

3.0 mm: a, right first pereiopod; b, left first pereiopod; c,

right second pereiopod; d, left second pereiopod; e, right third

pereiopod;/, same, dactyl; g, right fourth pereiopod; h, same,

dactyl; i, right fifth pereiopod; j , same, dactyl; k, right first

pleopod; /, same, endopod; m, right second pleopod; n, same,

appendix masculina and appendix interna; o, end of appendix

masculina. Magnifications: a-e, g, i, k, m, X12.5; n, X25;

J,h,j,l,o, X63.

terminating in blunt, triangular projection, with

stronger mesial movable spine; exopod with suture at

level of outer tooth, dorsal surface marked with blunt,

triangular tooth or lobe on each side anterior to

suture. Eggs small and numerous, 0.4—0.5 mm in

diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 2.4—3.4 mm; of

females, 3.3-5.8 mm; of ovigerous females, 3.3-5.7

mm.

COLOR.—Background light with many small, red

chromatophores and fewer, larger white ones scattered over body; eyes light green; distal segment of

third maxilliped and bases of third, fourth, and fifth

pereiopods and pleopods red; abdomen with transverse red bar across third somite; eggs yellowish.

DISCUSSION.—Processa bermudensis resembles P. vicina, described below, but differs from all other Atlantic species of Processa in lacking the antennal

spines on the carapace; it differs from P. vicina in having asymmetrical second pereiopods and in certain

other features. Processa bermudensis has 10-15 meral

and 19-29 carpal articles in the right second pereiopod and 3—4 meral and 13-15 carpal articles in the

left second pereiopod, whereas in P. vicina there are 5

meral and 10-14 carpal articles in both second pereiopods. The rostrum of P. bermudensis is less deflexed

apically, the eyes of that species are slightly smaller,

and the pereiopod lengths and proportions of pereiopod segments differ in the two species.

The three females from the open beach on Virginia

Key, Miami, are larger than most of the other specimens examined, and appear to have slightly smaller

eyes; inasmuch as they resemble in most respects

other available material (although the posterior

pereiopods are missing), we tentatively assign them

to this species.

We were unable to trace Rankin's types, which

could not be found at the American Museum of

Natural History or the Peabody Museum at Yale

University; also, the material from Bermuda, reported by Gurney (1936) or Lebour (1941), apparently had not been deposited in the British Museum

(Natural History). Two specimens collected by one of

us (FACJr.) in Bermuda in 1936 (Chace 1937) could

not be located in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard; apparently they were loaned to Miss

Lebour, who noted (1941:411) that one of the specimens was P. bermudensis but that the other was a new

species.
NUMBER 89 19

Processa bermudensis was collected together with

Ambidexter symmetricus and P. riveroi on shallow Thalassia flats at Maguey Island, La Parguera, Puerto

Rico; the three species apparently lived together and

had the same or similar color patterns; of the three

species taken at that station, A. symmetricus was the

most abundant, P. bermudensis was second most abundant, and P. riveroi, of which only three specimens

were taken, was the rarest.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Harrington Sound, Bermuda.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Atlantic, from Bermuda

and the southeastern United States from North Carolina to northwest Florida, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, in

shallow water.

Processa fimbriata, new species

FIGURES 8-10

Processa canaliculata.—Rathbun, 1901: 104 [part; records from

Boqueron Bay and Vieques, only; listed].—Richardson,

1904: 87 [listed].—Pearse, 1932: 119 [listed].—Schmitt,

1935: 169 [part; records from Brazil, Puerto Rico, and

Vieques only].

Process/] sp. Pearse, 1950: 150 [listed].

HOLOTYPE.— cf, 2.5 mm; Florida, Monroe County,

Tortugas, off East Key; 3 m; W. L. Schmitt, col.;

7 August 1924; USNM 134113.

PARATYPES.—2 9 (1 ovigerous); Bahama Islands,

Bimini; from loggerhead sponge; A. S. Pearse, col.;

13 October 1948; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9 ; Bahama

Islands, Bimini; from sponge; A. S. Pearse, col.; 20

October 1948; USNM.—1 9 ; same; from Spheciospongia vespara; A. S. Pearse, col.; 31 October 1948;

USNM.—1 9 ; Bahama Islands, Great Inagua Island, off Matthew Town; R. A. McLean and B.

Shreve, col.; 1 August 1938; MCZ.—1 ovigerous 9 ;

Bahama Islands, Cat Cay; 11 meters; Oregon, col.;

10 November 1954; USNM.—lcf; North Carolina,

off New River, Black Rocks; A. S. Pearse, col.; 8

August 1949; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9 ; Florida, Monroe County, Tortugas, below lighthouse pier, east

side Loggerhead Key; from weeds and rocks; W. L.

Schmitt, col.; 18 August 1924; USNM.—1 ovigerous

9 ; Florida, Monroe County, Tortugas, Loggerhead

Key; from loggerhead sponge; A. S. Pearse, col., no.

119; 8 July 1931; USNM.—1 9, 1 juvenile; Florida,

Monroe County, Tortugas, off north end of Loggerhead Key; 1+ meters; old coral rock with algae; C.

R. Shoemaker station 1; 14 July 1926; USNM.—1

juvenile; Florida, Monroe County, Tortugas, Loggerhead Key, west of lighthouse; dredged from 6-9

meters; W. L. Schmitt, col.; 6 August 1924; USNM.—

1 9 ; Florida, Monroe County, Tortugas, Bush Key

reef, fort side; W. L. Schmitt station 29-30; 23 July

1930; USNM.—1 9 ; Florida, Monroe County, Tortugas, haul along east side of White Shoal off C3

buoy; W. L. Schmitt station 49-30; 9 August 1930;

USNM.—1 ovigerous 9 ; Florida, Monroe County,

Tortugas; from stomach of Lutjanus apodus, Manter

no. 1006, caught in trap; 31 July 1931; USNM.—1 cf;

Puerto Rico, Boqueron Bay; Fish Hawk, col.; 25 January 1899; USNM.—1 9 ; Puerto Rico, off Vieques;

23 m; coral; Fish Hawk station 6095 (Puerto Rico

station 167); 8 February 1899; USNM.—1 9 ; Brazil,

off Recife; 06°59'30"S, 34°47'W; 37 m; broken shells;

Albatross station 2758; 16 December 1887; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with lateral spinule. (Right pereiopod of first pair

chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods lacking exopods.) Second pereiopods asymmetrical, right

stronger. Right second pereiopod with 13-16 meral

and 31^H) carpal articles, left second pereiopod with

4-6 meral and 15-18 carpal articles. Carpus of fifth

pereiopod shorter than propodus. Fifth abdominal

somite with posterolateral spine. Abdominal sternites

1-5 with median ventral spine.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure Sb) straight, not

extending to anterior margin of eye; apex (Figure

8c) bifid, lower tooth longer, apex obscured by few

short setae; lower margin of rostrum evenly convex.

Lower orbital angle rounded, inconspicuous. Antennal spine present. Lower anterior angle of carapace

broadly rounded (Figure 8a).

Abdomen (Figure 8d) smooth, bare, ventral margins of pleura lined with fine setae. Fifth abdominal

somite with posterolateral spine (Figure 8*). Sixth

abdominal somite less than twice as long as fifth, with

blunt posterolateral spine; lobe above articulation of

uropod produced into blunt triangular projection.

Telson (Figure 8/) almost twice as long as fifth abdominal somite, length 3 times greatest width, with 2

pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of distal spines; anterior

pair of dorsal spines of telson set at end of proximal

third, posterior spines beyond midlength; distance

between anterior margin and anterior pair of spines

slightly less than distance between pairs of spines;

distal spines of telson (Figure Sg) as in P. bermudensis;

apex of telson produced into sharp point.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

71

FIGURE 8.—Processa fimbriata, new species, holotype, male,

carapace length 2.5 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c,

same, distal end; d, abdomen; e, margin of fifth abdominal

pleuron;/, telson and uropods; g, end of telson; h, right antennule (regenerating); i, right antenna; j , right mandible; k, left

mandible; /, right first maxilla; m, right second maxilla; n,

right first maxilliped; o, right second maxilliped; p, right

third maxilliped. Magnifications: d, X6; a, b,J, h, i, p, X12.5;

e, l-o, X25; c, gj, k, X63.

Eyes (Figure 8a) moderately large; cornea width

slightly less than length of stalk and cornea combined,

about 1 % times greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figures 8h, 106) extending

by distal 2 segments and \^ of proximal segment beyond rostrum; basal segment of antennular peduncle

almost twice as long as distal segments, ultimate segment about 2{o

 a s

 l°ng

 as penultimate segment; proximal segment of antennular peduncle with ventral

spine, set slightly beyond midlength. Stylocerite

truncated anteriorly, with outer spine. Dorsolateral

flagellum of antennule shorter than carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting of 10-19 articles

and amounting to %-% of length, slender distal portion consisting of at least 10-19 articles. Ventromesial

flagellum at least 10 times as long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure Qi) slightly overreaching

antennular peduncle, length of scale about 4 times

greatest breadth; distal spine of scale not overreaching

blade. Antennal peduncle extending to end of second

segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment of

antenna with outer spine. Antennal flagellum damaged.

Third maxilliped (Figure Qp) overreaching antennal

scale by length of ultimate and % of penultimate

segments; ultimate segment with some short spines on

outer surface, apex sharp; ultimate segment slightly

longer than penultimate, slightly more than half as

long as proximal segment. Exopod well developed.

Mandible (Figures 8/, k) with 6-7 spines on posterior

margin of molar process. Remainder of mouthparts

(Figures 8/-o) as in P. bermudensis.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 9a) chelate,

barely overreaching antennal scale; fingers about ^

length of palm; merus slightly shorter than carpus

and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first pair (Figure 9b) with simple dactyl, overreaching antennal

scale by dactyl and }/± of propodus; dactyl about }/§

length of propodus; carpus slightly more than }/% as

long as propodus; merus about as long as carpus and

propodus combined. Arthrobranch not visible at base

of first pereiopods. Second pereiopods asymmetrical,

right (Figure 9c) stronger, overreaching antennal

scale by chela and all but 1 or 2 proximal articles of

carpus; merocarpal articulation extending to end of

scale; ischium undivided, merus with 13-16, and

carpus with 31-40 articles; fingers slightly shorter

than palm; carpus slightly more than 7 times as long

as chela; merus 4 ^ times as long as chela; ischium

longer than merus. Left pereiopod of second pair

(Figure 9d) overreaching antennal scale by chela and

less than % of carpus; ischium undivided, merus

with 4—6 and carpus with 15—18 articles; fingers about

2/3 length of palm; carpus 4 times as long as chela;

merus T% times as long as chela; ischium slightly

longer than merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 9*) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and propodus;

dactyl (Figure 9/) slender, simple, with apical setae;
NUMBER 89 21

propodus Z% times as long as dactyl, unarmed, ornamented with scattered tufts of setae along surface,

longer tufts at apex; carpus \y2 times as long as propodus, unarmed; merus less than 1 Yi times as long as

FIGURE 9.—Processa fimbriata, new species, holotype, male,

carapace length 2.5 mm: a, right first pereiopod; b, left first

pereiopod; c, right second pereiopod; d, left second pereiopod;

e, right third pereiopod;/, same, dactyl; g, right fourth pereiopod; h, same, dactyl; i, right fifth pereiopod; j , same, dactyl;

k, right first pleopod; /, same, endopod; m, right second pleopod; n, same, appendix masculina and appendix interna; o,

appendix masculina. Magnifications: a-e, g, i, k, m, X12.5;

n, X25;/, h,j, I, o, X63.

propodus, with 3—4 movable spines on lateral surface;

ischium shorter than merus, with 2 movable spines

on lateral surface; combined lengths of propodus and

carpus of third pereiopod slightly greater than that

of ischium and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 9g)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and

about ]/2 of carpus; dactyl (Figure 9h) slender, simple,

apex obscured by long setae; propodus slightly more

than 4 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, with some

scattered tufts of setae on surface, as well as longer

subapical tufts in females; outer surface of propodus

in males completely covered by short setae; carpus

about 13^ times as long as propodus, unarmed, with

scattered setae on surface; merus about 13^5 times as

long as propodus, with 3-4 movable spines on lateral

surface; ischium shorter than merus, with 1-2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length of

propodus and carpus of fourth pereiopod greater than

that of ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 9i)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and slightly

less to slightly more than }/£ of propodus; dactyl (Figure 9j) slender, simple, with subapical tuft of setae;

propodus slightly more than 3 times length of dactyl

in males, slightly less than 3 times the length of dactyl

in females, ornamented with 4—5 spines on flexor

margin; outer surface of propodus with scattered

tufts of setae in females, completely obscured by short

setae in males; carpus shorter than propodus, unarmed; merus longer than propodus, unarmed; ischium shorter than merus, unarmed; combined

lengths of propodus and carpus of fifth pereiopod

slightly greater than or subequal to that of ischium

and merus.

Endopod of first male pleopod (Figures 9k, I) about

}/2 as long as exopod, apex truncate, with mesial retinacular surface; margins sparsely setose. Appendix

masculina on endopod of second male pleopod (Figures 9m-o) with 4 subdistal and 6 distal spinules. Abdominal sternites 1-5 with median ventral spine.

Uropods (Figure 8/) as in P. bermudensis. Eggs small

and numerous, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 1.9-3.1 mm; of

females, 1.9-6.3 mm; of ovigerous females, 3.3-6.3

mm.

COLOR.—Waldo L. Schmitt noted that a female

from Tortugas has "no color markings of consequence;

transparent; eyes black." No other information is

available on color.

DISCUSSION.—This small species resembles P. riveroi,

described below, and differs from all other Atlantic
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Processa fimbriata, new species, paratype, ovigerous

female from Loggerhead Key, Dry Tortugas, carapace length

3.8 mm: a, anterior region; b, right antennule; c, right fifth

pereiopod. Magnifications: a-c, X12.5.

species in several features. Both the stylocerite and

the pleuron of the fifth abdominal somite are provided with spines, there is a ventral spine on each of

the anterior five abdominal sternites between the

pleopods, and the propodus of the fifth pereiopod is

longer than the carpus. Sternal spines on the abdomen

have been described previously only in P. elegantula

Nouvel and Holthuis from the eastern Atlantic; in

that species they were not observed on mature females—in contrast the sternal spines occur on adult

females of both P. fimbriata and P. riveroi. Processa

elegantula further differs from both P. fimbriata and P.

riveroi in lacking a posterolateral spine on the pleuron

of the fifth abdominal somite.

Processa fimbriata differs from the closely related P.

riveroi in several features. The eyes of P. fimbriata are

larger, the stylocerite is armed with one spine rather

than two, and there are fewer spines (6-7 rather than

21) on the posterior margin of the molar process of

the mandible; other differences are pointed out under

the discussion of P. riveroi.

It seems likely that there is a habitat difference between P. fimbriata and P. riveroi. Many of our specimens of the former species were taken from sponges,

and Pearse (1932, 1950) found P. fimbriata in Spheciospongia vespara, Hircinia strobilina, and Aulospongus schoemus. In contrast, our material of P. riveroi was found

free-living on shallow grass flats in association with

two other species of processids.

Males of P. fimbriata differ from adult males of other

western Atlantic processids (males of P. hemphilli and

P. riveroi not examined) in having the lateral margin

of the carpus and propodus of the fourth and fifth

pereiopods ornamented with a dense coat of short

setae, as shown in Figures 9g, t; the setae are not so

well marked in smaller males as they are in large

ones, in which the outline of the pereiopod is obscured.

The only other species in which such setae have been

reported, so far as we are aware, is Nikoides danae

(Paulson) from the Red Sea; Gurney (1937:89) reported that males of N. danae could readily be distinguished from females "by having a series of bundles

of stiff hairs along anterior margin of propodus of

pereiopods 3-5."

The specimen from off Brazil was host for the type

of a bopyrid isopod, Urobopyrus processae Richardson,

1905.

NAME.—The name is from the Latin, fimbriatus,

fringed, alluding to the appearance of the fourth and

fifth pereiopods.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off East Key, Tortugas, Monroe

County, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Atlantic, from North Carolina, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Puerto Rico,

and off Brazil; shallow water to 37 m, on broken

shell, coral, and in sponges.

Processa guyanae Holthuis, 1959

Processa guyanae Holthuis, 1959: 115, figs. 18, 19.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with, at most, trace of lateral spinule. (Right pereiopod of first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first

pereiopods lacking exopods.) Second pereiopods

asymmetrical, right stronger. Right second pereiopod

with 18-20 meral and 44 47 carpal articles, left

second pereiopod with 3-5 -f- meral and 17—18 carpal

articles. Carpus of fifth pereiopod longer than propodus. Fifth abdominal somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites unarmed.

DISCUSSION.—We have seen no material of this

species other than some of the specimens on which

Holthuis (1959) based his original description.
NUMBER 89 23

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off the coast of Surinam.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Atlantic, from off the

coast of Surinam in depths between 44 and 49 m.

Processa hetnphilli, new species

FIGURES 11, 12

Processa canaliculate—Rathbun, 1901: 104 [listed; specimens

from Grampus 5066 and Marco].

HOLOTYPE.— 9 , 3.9 mm; Florida, Collier County,

Marco; 2-6 m; H. Hemphill, col.; USNM 23386.

PARATYPES.—1 9 ; data as for holotype; USNM.—1

ovigerous 9 ; Gulf of Mexico, off southwestern Florida; 25°13'N, 82°28'W; 31 m; broken shell; Grampus

station 5066; 19 February 1889; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with small lateral spine. (Right pereiopod of first

pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods

lacking exopods.) Second pereiopods symmetrical,

with 4 meral and 10 carpal articles. Carpus of fifth

pereiopod longer than propodus. Fifth abdominal

somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites

unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure Mb) slightly deflexed, tapering distally, not extending to anterior

margin of eye. Apex (Figure lie) bifid, lower tooth

longer, apex obscured by numerous setae. Lower orbital angle broadly rounded. Antennal spine well

developed. Lower anterior angle of carapace rounded

(Figure lla).

Abdomen (Figure lid) smooth, bare, ventral margins of pleura lined with fine setae. Fifth abdominal

somite obtusely angled posterolaterally, unarmed.

Sixth abdominal somite subequal in length to fifth,

with acute posterolateral angle; lobe above articulation of uropod angled but unarmed. Telson (Figure

11*) slightly more than 1% times as long as fifth

abdominal somite, length slightly more than 3

times greatest width, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 2

pairs of distal spines; anterior pair of dorsal spines

of telson set in proximal fourth, posterior pair set beyond midlength; distance between anterior margin

and anterior pair of dorsal spines about }/± distance

between pairs of dorsal spines; distal spines (Figure

11/) as in P. bermudensis; apex of telson produced into

acute point.

Eye (Figure lla) large, cornea width less than

length of stalk and cornea combined, 1% greatest

width of antennal scale.

FIGURE 11.—Processa hemphilli, new species, holotype, female,

carapace length 3.9 mm: a, anterior region; b, rostrum; c,

same, distal end; d, abdomen; e, telson and uropods;/, end of

telson; g, right antennule; h, same, stylocerite; i, right antenna;

j , right mandible; k, right first maxilla; /, right second maxilla;

m, right first maxilliped; n, left second maxilliped; o, right

third maxilliped. Magnifications: d, X6; a, b, e, g, i, o, X12.5;

/, h, k-n, X25; c,j, X63.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Antennular peduncle (Figure 1 Ig) extending by 2

distal segments and ^ of proximal segment beyond

rostrum, basal segment longer than distal segments

combined; ultimate segment ^5 the length of penultimate segment; proximal segment of peduncle with

ventral spine, set slightly beyond midlength. Stylocerite (Figure 11 h) subtruncated anteriorly, anterior

margin sinuous, with small outer spine. Dorsolateral

flagellum of antennule about Y2 a s l°ng

 a s

 carapace,

thickened setigerous portion consisting of 10 articles

and amounting to %o °f length, slender distal portion

with 5 articles. Ventromesial flagellum as long as

carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure 11 i) extending to end of

antennular peduncle, length of scale almost 6 times

its greatest width; distal spine of scale falling short of

rounded anterior margin of blade. Basal segment of

antenna unarmed. Antennal peduncle extending

slightly beyond proximal segment of antennular peduncle. Antennal flagellum broken in all specimens.

Third maxilliped (Figure 1 lo) overreaching antennal scale by slightly more than length of ultimate

segment; ultimate segment ornamented with spines,

apex sharp, segment slightly shorter than penultimate

segment but ]^ as long as proximal segment. Exopod

well developed. Mandible (Figure 11/) with row of 9

spines on posterior margin of molar process. Remainder of mouthparts (Figures 1 Ik-n) as in P.

bermudensis.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 12a) chelate,

falling short of antennal scale by length of distal segment, reaching distal end of second antennular segment; fingers about % the length of palm; carpus

slightly shorter than palm; merus about as long as

carpus and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first

pair (Figure \2b) with simple dactyl, falling short of

antennal scale, extending barely to distal end of second antennular segment; dactyl slightly more than

}/£ the length of propodus; carpus shorter than propodus; merus about as long as carpus, propodus, and

dactyl combined. No arthrobranch visible at bases of

first pereiopods. Second pereiopods (Figures 12c, d)

symmetrical, overreaching antennal scale by slightly

more than length of chela; merocarpal articulation of

second pereiopod not extending beyond eye; ischium

not segmented, merus with 4 and carpus with 10

articles; fingers subequal to or slightly shorter than

palm; carpus less than 5 times as long as chela; merus

3 times as long as chela; ischium subequal to or slightly

shorter than merus. Third pereiopod (Figure 12*)

FIGURE 12.—Processa hemphilli, new species, holotype, female,

carapace length 3.9 mm: a, right first pereiopod; b, left first

pereiopod; c, right second pereiopod; d, left second pereiopod;

e, right third pereiopod;/, same, dactyl; g, right fourth pereiopod; h, same, dactyl. Paratype, ovigerous female from off West

Florida {Grampus Station 5066), carapace length 3.75 mm:

i, right fifth pereiopod (extreme tip of dactyl missing). Magnifications: a-e, g, i, X12.5;/, h, X63.
NUMBER 89 25

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and propodus;

dactyl (Figure 12/) slender, simple, with apical setae;

propodus 3 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, with

scattered setae on surface and longer distal tufts of

setae; carpus less than twice as long as propodus, unarmed; merus less than twice as long as propodus,

subequal with carpus, with 4 movable spines on lateral

surface; ischium shorter than merus, with 2 spines on

outer surface; combined length of propodus and carpus of third pereiopod less than that of ischium and

merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure \2g) overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and nearly Y2 °f

carpus; dactyl (Figure 12/*) slender, simple, apex obscured by tuft of setae; propodus about 2 ^ times as

long as dactyl, unarmed, with some short setae on

surface and longer distal tuft of setae; carpus less

than twice as long as propodus, unarmed; merus

about 1 }/2 times as long as propodus, shorter than

carpus, with 4 movable spines on lateral surface;

ischium shorter than merus, with 2 spines on lateral

surface; combined length of propodus and carpus of

fourth pereiopod greater than that of ischium and

merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 12/) overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and nearly % of

carpus; dactyl slender, simple, apex obscured by tufts

of setae; propodus less than 3 times as long as dactyl,

with tufts of setae on surface and longer distal setae,

1 spine present on flexor margin; carpus slightly

longer than propodus, unarmed; merus less than 1}/£

times as long as propodus, slightly longer than carpus,

unarmed; ischium shorter than merus, unarmed;

combined lengths of propodus and carpus of fifth

pereiopod slightly greater than that of ischium and

merus.

Abdominal sternites unarmed. Uropods (Figure

11^) as in P. bermudensis. Eggs small and numerous,

maximum diameter 0.3 mm.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of females, 3.7-3.9 mm;

of ovigerous female, 3.75 mm.

COLOR.—Not recorded.

DISCUSSION.—This new species closely resembles

P. parva Holthuis, but differs in the following features: the rostrum is more tapered distally, less deflexed apically, and the interval between the rostral

teeth is smaller; the antennular peduncle is slenderer;

the tooth of the antennal scale falls short of the distal

margin of the blade; the first pereiopod fails to reach

the end of the antennal scale by the length of the

distal segment, rather than extending to the end of

the blade, and the merus is comparatively longer; in

the second pereiopods there are 4 meral and 10 carpal

segments, rather than 4—6 meral and 11-15 carpal

segments; on the fourth pereiopod the carpus is longer

than the merus, rather than subequal in length; the

propodus of the fifth pereiopod has 2 spines on the

flexor margin, whereas in P. parva there are 3 spines

on the flexor margin; and the apex of the telson is

produced into a sharp point, rather than being

rounded or subacute apically.

In view of these differences, we prefer to call attention to the occurrence of this species by naming it,

rather than by identifying it with the eastern Atlantic

P. parva. The differences between P. parva, P. aequimana (Paulson) from the Red Sea, and P. hemphilli

are so slight that additional material might very well

show that they are the same.

Two other western Atlantic processids agree with

P. hemphilli in having symmetrical second pereiopods,

Ambidexter symmetricus and Processa vicina, which are

described herein. An Ambidexter with both first pereiopods can be distinguished from P. hemphilli by the

two being chelate; one lacking first pereiopods or the

left first pereiopod can be distinguished by the absence of a spine on the stylocerite; the species also

differ in the proportions of the segments of the pereiopods. Processa vicina differs from P. hemphilli in lacking

an antennal spine.

NAME.—The species is named for the collector,

Henry Hemp hill.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Marco, Collier County, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the west coast

of Florida, in 2-31 m.

Processa profunda, new species

FIGURES 13-15

Processa canaliculata.—Rathbun, 1901: 104 [listed; part, specimens from Albatross station 2402 only].

HOLOTYPE.—d", 7.2 mm; Gulf of Mexico, off west

coast of Florida; 28°36'N, 85°33'30"W; 202 m;

grey mud; Albatross station 2402; 14 March 1885;

USNM 23382.

PARATYPES.—1 cf, 2 9 (1 ovigerous); data as for

holotype; USNM.—2 9 (1 ovigerous); Gulf of Mexico, Florida, southwest of Dry Tortugas; 24°20'N,

83°20'W; 346 m; Oregon station 1005; 13 April 1954;

USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with large lateral spine. (Right pereiopod of first pair

chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods lack-
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ing exopods.) Second pereiopods asymmetrical, right

stronger. Right second pereiopod with 21-22 meral

and 45-46 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with

5 meral and 18-21 carpal articles. (Fifth pereiopods

incomplete.) Fifth abdominal somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 13a) almost

straight, apex slightly deflexed, bifid, lower tooth

longer, apex (Figure 13b) obscured by numerous long

setae; lower margin of rostrum sinuous, convex proximally, slightly concave distally. Lower orbital angle

broadly rounded. Antennal spine well developed.

Lower anterior angle of carapace broadly rounded.

Abdomen (Figure 13c) smooth, bare, ventral margins of pleura lined with fine setae. Fifth abdominal

somite rounded posterolaterally. Sixth abdominal

somite only slightly longer than fifth, with posterolateral spine; lobe above articulation of uropod produced into small, sharp spine. Telson (Figure 14a)

slightly more than 1 J/£ times as long as sixth abdominal somite, length about 3J^ times greatest width,

with 2 pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of distal spines;

anterior pair of dorsal spines of telson set at end of

proximal fourth, distal pair beyond midlength; distance between anterior margin and anterior pair of

spines more than J^ the distance between pairs of

spines; distal spines of telson (Figure 14ft) as in P.

bermudensis; apex of telson produced into small, sharp

point.

Eyes (Figure 13a) moderately large, cornea width

subequal to length of stalk and cornea combined,

twice greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 13a7) extending by 2

distal segments and about \^ of proximal segment beyond rostrum; basal segment of peduncle subequal in

length to distal segments, ultimate segment % the

length of penultimate; proximal segment of peduncle

with ventral spine set slightly beyond midlength.

Stylocerite (Figure 13*) with strong, acute lateral projection, anterior margin sloping proximally mesially,

concave. Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule at least

as long as carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting of 20-27 articles, distal portion incomplete.

Ventromesial flagellum of antennule broken, probably at least twice as long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure 13/) scarcely overreaching

antennular peduncle, length of scale 63^ times greatest width; distal spine of scale slightly overreaching

rounded anterior margin of blade. Proximal segment

of antenna with slender outer spine. Antennal peduncle extending about to midlength of second segment of antennular peduncle. Antennal flagellum

more than 4 times carapace length.

FIGURE 13.—Processa prqfunda, new species, holotype, male,

carapace length 7.2 mm: a, anterior region; b, distal end of

rostrum; c, abdomen; d, right antennule; e, same, stylocerite;

/, right antenna; g, right mandible; h, same, distal end; i, right

first maxilla; j , right second maxilla; k, right first maxilliped;

/, right second maxilliped; m, right first pleopod; «, same,

endopod; o, right second pleopod; p, same, appendix masculina

and appendix interna; q, end of appendix masculina. Magnifications: c, X3; a, d, f, m, o, X6; »-/, X12.5; e, g, n, p,

X25; b, h, q, X63.
NUMBER 89 27

Third maxilliped (Figure 14c) overreaching antennal scale by distal and }/£ of penultimate segments;

ultimate segment ornamented with few spines, apex

sharp, shorter than penultimate segment, and about

3^j as long as basal segment. Mandible (Figures 13^, h)

with row of about 18 spines on posterior margin of

molar process. Remainder of mouthparts (Figures

13i-/) as in P. bermudensis.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 14*/) chelate,

overreaching antennal scale by most of length of

fingers of chela; fingers about % the length of palm;

carpus slightly longer than palm; merus about as long

as carpus and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first

pair (Figure 14e) with simple dactyl, overreaching

antennal scale by dactyl and ^ of propodus; dactyl

about 3^ the length of propodus; carpus slightly

shorter than propodus; merus shorter than remainder

of distal segments combined. Arthrobranch present

at base of first pereiopods. Second pereiopods asymmetrical, right (Figure 14/) longer, overreaching antennal scale by chela, carpus, and 3 distal articles of

merus; merocarpal articulation of right pereiopod

extending beyond eye; ischium with 3, merus with

21-22, and carpus with 45-56 articles; fingers subequal to or slightly longer than palm; carpus almost

11 times as long as chela; merus 6 times as long as

FIGURE 14.—Processa prqfunda, new species, paratype, ovigerous

female from south of Cape San Bias, Florida {Albatross Station

2402), carapace length 9.3 mm: a, telson and uropods; b, end

of telson; c, right third maxilliped; d, right first pereiopod; e,

left first pereiopod; /, right second pereiopod; g, left second

pereiopod. Magnifications: c-g, X3; a, X6; b, X25.

FIGURE 15.—Processa pro/undo, new species, paratype, ovigerous

female from southwest of Dry Tortugas {Oregon Station 1005),

carapace length 10.8 mm: a, right third pereiopod; b, same,

dactyl; c, right fourth pereiopod; d, same, dactyl; e, right

fifth pereiopod (propodus and dactyl missing). Magnifications:

a, c, e, X3; b, d, X25.

chela; ischium shorter than merus. Left pereiopod of

second pair (Figure 14g) overreaching antennal scale

by chela and about ^ of carpus; ischium not divided,

merus with 5 and carpus with 18-21 articles; fingers

slightly longer than palm; carpus almost 7 times as

long as chela; merus almost 4 times as long as chela;

ischium slightly longer than merus. Third pereiopod

(Figure 15a) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl,

propodus, and about *^$ of carpus; dactyl (Figure 156)

slender, simple, with subapical setae; propodus almost

4 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, with tufts of setae

beyond midlength, and denser distal tufts of setae;

carpus about 2 ^ times as long as propodus, unarmed,

not markedly setose; merus less than twice as long as

propodus, with 5 movable spines on lateral surface;

ischium shorter than merus, with 1 movable spine on

lateral surface; combined lengths of propodus and

carpus of third pereiopod subequal to that of ischium

and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 15c) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and about Yi

of carpus; dactyl (Figure \5d) slender, simple, with

dense subapical tuft of setae; propodus slightly more

than 3 times as long as dactyl, unarmed, with tufts

of setae proximal and distal to midlength, as well as

denser distal tufts; carpus slightly more than twice as

long as propodus, unarmed, not markedly setose;

merus less than 1J^ times as long as propodus, shorter
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

than carpus, with 5 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus, about as along as

propodus, with 2 movable spines on lateral surface;

combined lengths of propodus and carpus of fourth

pereiopod greater than that of ischium and merus.

Fifth pereiopod (Figure \5e) damaged or missing in

all specimens, but extending beyond antennal scale

by dactyl, propodus, and Yl °f carpus; carpus longer

than merus, unarmed; ischium shorter than merus,

unarmed.

Endopod of first male pleopod (Figures 13m, n)

about Vi as long as exopod, apex obliquely truncate,

smooth, without setae or spines; inner margin more

setose than outer; retinacular lobe distinct distally,

fused proximally. Appendix masculina on endopod of

first male pleopod (Figures 13o-q) with 5 short lateral

spinules and 4 distal spinules, 3 elongate. Abdominal

sternites unarmed. Uropods (Figure 14a) as in P.

bermudensis. Eggs small and numerous, 0.4—0.6 mm in

diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 6.5-7.2 mm; of

females, 7.0-10.8 mm; of ovigerous females, 9.3-10.8

mm.

COLOR.—Not recorded.

DISCUSSION.—Processa profunda resembles both P.

guyanae and P. tenuipes in having large eyes, an antennal spine, a basal spine on the antenna, numerous

(more than forty) articles in the carpus of the second

pereiopods, and a rounded pleuron on the fifth abdominal somite. It differs from those two species in

having the stylocerite produced into a strong outer

spine and in having an arthrobranch at the base of

the first pereiopods; no other Atlantic species has the

stylocerite shaped as in P. profunda.

The specimens taken by the Albatross were reported

by Rathbun (1901) as P. canaliculata.

NAME.—The specific name is from the Latin, profundus, deep, alluding to the depths at which the typeseries was collected.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico, off the west

coast of Florida, in 202 m.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Mexico, in depths between

202 and 346 m.

Processa riveroi, new species

FIGURE 16

HOLOTYPE.—Ovigerous 9 , 5.65 mm; Puerto Rico;

Lajas, La Parguera, east side of Maguey Island,

evening, after dark, with push net on shallow Thalassia flats; R. B. Manning, col., station PR 6-61; 24

June 1961; USNM 134122.

PARATYPES.—2 9 (1 ovigerous); data as for holotype; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. 'Stylocerite

with spine at inner and outer angles. (Right leg of

first pereiopod chelate, left with simple dactyl; first

periopods lacking exopods.) Second pereiopods asymmetrical, right stronger. Right second pereiopod with

17 meral and 39-43 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5-6 meral and 16-20 carpal articles. Carpus

of fifth pereiopod shorter than propodus. Fifth abdominal somite with posterolateral spine. Abdominal

sternites 1-5 with median ventral spine.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 166) slightly deflexed, not extending to anterior margin of eye; apex

(Figure 16c) bifid, lower tooth longer, apex obscured

by long setae; ventral margin of rostrum ornamented

with setae, evenly convex. Lower orbital angle inconspicuous, broadly rounded. Antennal spine well developed. Lower anterior angle of carapace rounded

(Figure 16a).

Abdomen (Figure 16rf) smooth, surface ornamented

with numerous short setae, ventral margins of pleura

lined with fine setae; fifth abdominal somite with

posterolateral spine (Figure 16«). Sixth abdominal

somite less than twice as long as fifth, with blunt

posterolateral spine; lobe above articulation of uropod

produced into posterior spine. Telson (Figure 16/)

more than 1}/%, times as long as fifth abdominal somite, length about 2]/% times greatest width, with 2

pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of distal spines; anterior

pair of dorsal spines of telson set at end of proximal

fourth, posterior pair beyond midlength; distance between anterior margin and anterior pair of spines

more than 3^2

 tn e

 distance between pairs of spines;

distal spines (Figures 16g) as in P. bermudensis; apex

of telson produced into small, sharp point.

Eyes (Figure 16a) small, cornea width less than

length of stalk and cornea combined, only slightly

greater than greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 16/t) extending by

distal 2 segments and ^ of proximal segment beyond

rostrum; basal segment longer than distal segments

combined, ultimate segment about % the length of

penultimate; proximal segment with ventral spine

set slightly beyond midlength. Stylocerite (Figure

16t) truncated anteriorly, with small spine at inner

and outer angles. Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule
NUMBER 89 29

FIGURE 16.—Processa riveroi, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length 5.65 mm: a,

anterior region; b, rostrum; c, same, distal end; d, abdomen; e, margin of fifth abdominal pleuron;

/, telson and uropods; g, end of telson; ft, right antennule; i, same, styloceritejj, right antenna; k,

right mandible; /, same, distal end; m, right first maxilla; n, right second maxilla; o, right first maxilliped; />, right second maxilliped; q, right third maxilliped; r, right first pereiopod; s, left first pereiopod; t, right second pereiopod; u, left second pereiopod; v, right third pereiopod; w, right fourth

pereiopod; x, right fifth pereiopod. Magnifications: d, X3; a, b,J, h,j, q-x, X6; e, m-p, X\2; g, I, k,

X25; c, I, X63.

nearly % longer than carapace, thickened setigerous

portion consisting of 17-19 articles and amounting

to % of total length, slender distal portion consisting

of 26-29 articles. Ventromesial flagellum at least 2%

times as long as carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure 16/) slightly overreaching

antennular peduncle, length of scale almost 4 times

the greatest breadth; distal spine of scale extending

slightly beyond lamella. Basal segment of antenna

with ventral spine. Antennal peduncle extending to

end of second segment of antennular peduncle. Antennal flagellum at least as long as body.

Third maxilliped (Figure 16^) overreaching antennal scale by slightly more than combined lengths of

two distal segments; ultimate segment ornamented

with short spines, apex sharp; ultimate segment

longer than penultimate, slightly more than half as

long as proximal segment. Exopod well developed.

Mandible (Figures 16£, /) with row of 21 spines on

posterior margin of molar process. Remainder of

mouthparts (Figures \6m-p) as in P. bermudensis.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 16r) chelate,

overreaching antennal scale by fingers and over 3^ of

palm of chela; fingers about % the length of palm;

carpus slightly shorter than palm; merus slightly

shorter than carpus and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first pair (Figure 16*) with simple dactyl,

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and % of pro-
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

podus; dactyl % the length of propodus; carpus

slightly more than 3^> as long as propodus; merus

about as long as carpus and propodus combined. No

arthrobranch visible at base of first pereiopods. Second

pereiopods asymmetrical, right (Figure 16/) stronger,

overreaching antennal scale by chela, carpus, and ^

of merus; merocarpal articulation extending beyond

eye; ischium with 3, merus with 17, and carpus with

39-43 articles; fingers slightly shorter than palm;

carpus 10 times as long as chela; merus about 5 ^

times as long as chela; ischium slightly shorter than

merus. Left pereiopod of second pair (Figure 16M)

overreaching antennal scale by chela, carpus, and 2

distal articles of merus; ischium undivided, merus

with 5-6 and carpus with 16-20 articles; fingers

shorter than palm; carpus about 4J/£ times as long as

chela; merus about 2 ^ times as long as chela. Third

pereiopod (Figure 16P) overreaching antennal scale

by dactyl, propodus, and about J^fo of carpus; dactyl

slender, simple, with apical setae; propodus about 4

times as long as dactyl, unarmed, ornamented with

tufts of setae along surface and at apex; carpus slightly

more than 1}/% times as long as propodus, unarmed;

merus less than 1 }/£ times as long as propodus, with

4 movable spines on lateral face; ischium shorter

than merus, with 2 movable spines on lateral face;

combined lengths of propodus and carpus of third

pereiopod greater than those of ischium and merus.

Fourth pereiopod (Figure I6w) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and ££ of carpus;

dactyl slender, simple, with apical tuft of setae; propodus 3% times as long as dactyl, unarmed, with

tufts of setae along surface and at apex; carpus less

than \}/2 times as long as propodus, unarmed; merus

slightly longer than propodus, with 3 movable spines

on lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus, with

2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length

of propodus and carpus of fourth pereiopod greater

than that of ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod

(Figure 16x) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl

and %o of propodus; dactyl slender, simple, with short

apical tuft of setae; propodus almost 4 times as long

as dactyl, surface with scattered setae, with 4—5 spines

on flexor margin; carpus slightly shorter than propodus, unarmed; merus slightly longer than propodus,

unarmed; ischium shorter than merus, unarmed;

combined length of propodus and carpus of fifth

pereiopod greater than that of ischium and merus.

Abdominal sternites 1-5 with median spine in females. Uropods (Figure 16/) as in P. bermudensis.

Eggs small and numerous, 0.3-0.4 mm in diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of females, 2.7-5.65 mm;

of ovigerous females, 5.3-5.65 mm.

COLOR.—Background white, with minute red

chromatophores scattered over body; third maxillipeds and first pereiopods tinged with orange distally;

eggs light green.

DISCUSSION.—Processa riveroi closely resembles P.

Jimbriata, the only other western Atlantic species

with a spine on the stylocerite, a posterolateral

spine on the pleuron of the fifth abdominal somite,

and spines on the abdominal sternites. It can, however, be distinguished from that species by several

features. Processa riveroi is a slenderer species, with

noticeably smaller eyes; the cornea width is only

slightly greater than the greatest width of the antennal

scale, whereas in P. jimbriata it is usually twice as

broad as the antennal scale. The distal portion of the

dorsolateral antennal flagellum is longer than the

proximal in P. riveroi, whereas the reverse is true in

P. Jimbriata. The stylocerite of P. riveroi is armed at

both internal and external angles, rather than the

external angle only, and there are more spines (21

rather than 6-7) on the posterior margin of the mandible. The pereiopods of P. riveroi are longer than

those of P. Jimbriata: the right second pereiopod in P.

riveroi extends beyond the antennal scale by two thirds

of the merus, rather than by most of the carpus; the

third pereiopod of P. riveroi overreaches the antennal

scale by most of the carpus, whereas in P. Jimbriata

it extends beyond the scale by the two distal segments only. The numbers of articles in the second

pereiopods are slightly different in the two species:

in P. riveroi there are 17 meral and 39-43 carpal

articles in the right pereiopod, 5-6 meral and 16-20

carpal articles in the left; in P. Jimbriata there are 13-

16 meral and 31^0 carpal articles in the right pereiopod, 4-6 meral and 15-18 carpal articles in the left.

There may also be a habitat difference in the two

species, for P. riveroi was found free-living on shallow

grass flats, whereas many of the specimens of P.

fimbriata were found to be associated with sponges.

Two other species, Ambidexter symmetricus and Processa bermudensis, were collected along with P. riveroi

at Maguey Island; all three apparently live in the

same habitat, Thalassia flats in shallow water, (water

depth 1 meter or less) on a sandy substratum.

NAME.—We are pleased to dedicate this species to
NUMBER 89 31

Juan A. Rivero, University of Puerto Rico, who supported the trip to Puerto Rico by one of us (RBM)

to study the decapods in the collection of the Institute

of Marine Biology at Mayaguez; during that trip the

types of P. riveroi were collected.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Maguey Island, La Parguera,

Puerto Rico.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality,

Maguey Island, La Parguera, Puerto Rico, in shallow

water.

Processa tenuipes, new species

FIGURES 17, 18

HOLOTYPE.—Ovigerous 9 , 9.65 mm; Gulf of Mexico, off west coast of Florida; 29°12'N, 84°22'W; 31 m;

Oregon station 898; 8 March 1954; USNM 97415.

PARATYPES.—5cf, 6 ovigerous 9 ; off North Carolina; 35°08'30"N, 75°1O'W; 90 m; grey sand; Albatross station 2596; 17 October 1885; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9; off northern coast of Cuba; 23°H'45"N,

82°17'54"W; 331 m; fine brown sand; Albatross station 2327; 17 January 1885; USNM.—7 9 (5 ovigerous); Gulf of Mexico; off west coast of Florida;

28°44'N, 85°06'W; 92 m; fine clay ooze; L. Abele

col., LGA 70-5; 10 April 1970; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with at most lateral tubercle. (Right pereiopod of

first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods lacking exopods.) Second pereiopod asymmetrical, right stronger. Right second pereiopods with

18-28 meral and 28-69 carpal articles, left second

pereiopod with 5-9 meral and 17-26 carpal articles.

Carpus of fifth pereiopod longer than propodus. Fifth

abdominal somite unarmed posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figure 17b) slender, convex dorsally, not extending to anterior margin of eye;

apex deflexed, bifid, lower tooth longer, apex obscured by long setae. Lower orbital angle inconspicuous, broadly rounded. Antennal spine small but distinct. Lower anterior angle of carapace broadly

rounded (Figure 17a).

Abdomen (Figure 11c) smooth, surface ornamented

with few short setae, ventral margins of pleura lined

with fine setae. Fifth abdominal somite bluntly angled

posterolaterally. Sixth abdominal somite less than

twice as long as fifth, angled posterolaterally; lobe

above articulation of telson unarmed. Telson (Figure

\7d) slightly more than \y% times as long as sixth

abdominal somite, length slightly more than 3 times

greatest width, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 3 pairs of

distal spines; anterior pair of dorsal spines of telson

set near end of proximal fourth, posterior pair beyond

midlength; distance between anterior margin and

anterior pair of spines more than ^ distance between

pairs of spines; distal spines (Figure 17^) as in P.

bermudensis; apex of telson produced into slender

median spine.

Eye (Figure 17a) of moderate size, cornea width

subequal to length of stalk and cornea combined,

more than double greatest width of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 17/) extending beyond rostrum by 2 distal segments and distalmost

third of proximal segment; basal segment as long as

combined lengths of distal segments, penultimate

segment more than twice the length of ultimate segment. Proximal segment of antennular peduncle with

small ventral spine near midlength. Stylocerite (Figure 17^) subtruncate .anteriorly, anterior margin sinuous, with lateral tubercle or bluntly angled prominence. Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule % as long

as carapace, thickened setigerous portion consisting

of 17-26 articles in females and 26-30 articles in

males and amounting to % of length, slender distal

portion consisting of 17-19 articles. Ventromesial

flagellum of antennule at least 4 times as long as

carapace.

Antennal scale (Figure 17A) extending about to

end of antennular peduncle, length of scale about 6}/£

times greatest width; distal spine of scale small, not

overreaching blade. Basal segment of antennal peduncle with small but distinct outer spine. Antennal

peduncle extending about to midlength of second

segment of antennular peduncle. Antennal flagellum

about 4}/£ times as long as carapace.

Third maxilliped (Figure 17«) overreaching antennal scale by 2 distal segments; ultimate segment

ornamented with spines, apex sharp, shorter than

penultimate segment and less than 3^ as long as proximal segment; exopod well developed. Posterior margin of molar process of mandible (Figure 17i) with

row of 21 small spines. Remainder of mouthparts

(Figures 1 lj-m) as in P. bermudensis.

Right pereiopod of first pair (Figure 1 To) chelate,

overreaching antennal scale by length of fingers;

fingers slightly more than

 x/i the length of palm;
32

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 17.—Processa tenuipes, new species, holotype, ovigerous female, carapace length 9.65 mm:

a, anterior region; b, distal portion of rostrum; c, abdomen; d, telson and uropods; e, end of telson;

/, left antennule; g, same, stylocerite; k, left antenna; i, right mandible; j , right first maxilla; k, right

second maxilla; /, right first maxilliped; m, right second maxilliped; n, left third maxilliped; o, right

first pereiopod; p, left first pereiopod; q, right second pereiopod; r, left second pereiopod; s, right

third pereiopod; t, same, dactyl; u, left fourth pereiopod (dactyl missing); v, left fifth pereiopod

(dactyl and distal end of propodus missing). Magnifications: a, c, d,J, h, n-s, u, v, X4.2; j—m, X8.4;

g, XI7.5; b, e, i, t, X35.
NUMBER 89 33

carpus subequal to palm; merus longer than carpus

and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first pair

(Figure \lp) with simple dactyl, overreaching antennal scale by dactyl and fully y% of propodus; dactyl

about }/± the length of propodus; carpus slightly

shorter than propodus; merus longer than carpus,

propodus, and dactyl combined. No arthrobranch

visible at base of first pereiopods. Second pereiopods

strongly asymmetrical, right longer. Right pereiopod

of second pair (Figure \lg) overreaching antennal

scale by chela, carpus, and slightly less than

 x/i of

merus; merocarpal articulation of right pereiopod

extending well beyond eye; ischium divided into 4

(sometimes indistinct), merus into 18-28, and carpus

into 48-69 articles; fingers subequal to palm; carpus

about \\y<i times as long as chela; merus about 6

times as long as chela; ischium slightly shorter than

merus. Left pereiopod of second pair (Figure 17r)

overreaching antennal scale by chela and 4 distalmost articles of carpus; ischium not noticeably segmented, merus with 5-9 and carpus with 17-26 articles; fingers subequal to palm; carpus 6 times as long

as chela; merus less than 4 times as long as chela;

ischium subequal to merus. Third pereiopod (Figure

1 Is) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus,

and % of carpus; dactyl (Figure 17/) slender, simple,

with subapical tuft of setae; propodus 4 times as long

as dactyl, unarmed; carpus slightly more than twice

as long as propodus, unarmed; merus slightly less

than twice as long as propodus, with 4—6 movable

spines on lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus,

with 2 spines on lateral surface, combined length of

propodus and carpus of third pereiopod greater than

that of ischium and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figures 17«, 18a, b) overreaching antennal scale by

dactyl, propodus, and ^ of carpus; dactyl (Figure

18a) slender, simple, with subapical tuft of setae;

propodus 4 times as long as dactyl, unarmed; carpus

about twice or slightly less than twice the length of

propodus, unarmed; merus about lj^-lj ^ times as

long as propodus, with 2-7 movable spines on lateral

face; ischium shorter than merus, with 1-2 movable

spines on lateral face; combined length of propodus

and carpus of fourth pereiopod greater than that of

ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figures \7v,

18t, d) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and about % of carpus; dactyl (Figure 18a7

)

slender, simple, with subapical tufts of setae; propodus

about 6-7 times as long as dactyl, with 3—4 spines on

flexor margin, distalmost sometimes paired; carpus

FIGURE 18.—Processa tenuipes, new species, paratype, ovigerous

female, from Gulf of Mexico, 92 meters, carapace length 6.4

mm: a, right fourth pereiopod; b, same, dactyl; c, right fifth

pereiopod; d, same, dactyl. Magnifications: a, c, X6; b, d,

X25.

slightly longer than propodus, unarmed; merus

slightly shorter than carpus, unarmed; ischium shorter

than merus, unarmed; combined length of propodus

and carpus of fifth pereiopod greater than that of

ischium and merus.

Abdominal sternites unarmed. Uropods (Figure

17a") as in P. bermudensis. Eggs small and numerous,

0.3-0.5 mm in diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 5.4—6.7 mm;

of females, 4.3-9.65 mm; of ovigerous females, 5.9-

9.65 mm.

COLOR.—Not recorded.

DISCUSSION.—Processa tenuipes may be the northern

counterpart of P. guyanae, a species not known from

localities north of Surinam. The new species resembles

P. guyanae in general facies; both species have large eyes,

an anteriorly truncated stylocerite, slender pereiopods

and numerous articles (44 or more) on the carpus of

the second right pereiopod. Processa tenuipes differs from

P. guyanae in having the rostrum convex dorsally, with

the apex deflexed, more articles on the carpus of the
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

second pereiopods, 48-69 rather than 44 47, slenderer third, fourth, and fifth pereiopods, and with

different proportions in the segments, especially those

of the fifth pereiopods. The propodus of the fifth

pereiopod in P. tenuipes is 6-7 times as long as the

dactyl and the merus is shorter than the carpus,

whereas in P. guyanae the propodus is 4 times as long

as the dactyl and the merus is slightly longer than

the carpus. Of the known processids from the western

Atlantic, only Nikoides schmitti resembles P. tenuipes

in overall slenderness of the posterior three pairs of

pereiopods.

NAME.—The name is from the Latin, tenuis, thin,

and pes, foot, in reference to the slender pereiopods.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Mexico, off the west

coast of Florida, in 31 m.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northwestern Atlantic, from scattered localities between North Carolina and the Gulf

of Mexico in depths between 31 and 331 m.

Processa vicina, new species

FIGURES 19, 20

Processa canaliculata.—Rathbun, 1901: 104 [listed, specimens

from Albatross stations 2605, 2606, 2370, 2373 only; part].—

Schmitt, 1935: 169 [part; North Carolina record only].

HOLOTYPE.—cf, 4.0 mm; off North Carolina;

34°35'30"N, 75°45'30"W; 59 m; white sand, black

specks; Albatross station 2605; 18 October 1885; USNM

23383.

PARATYPES.—2 o", 4 9 (2 ovigerous); 1 carapace;

data as for holotype; USNM.—1 ovigerous 9 ; off

North Carolina; 34°35'15"N, 75°52'W; 46 m; white

sand, black specks; Albatross station 2606; 18 October 1885; USNM.—1 9; Gulf of Mexico, off

northwestern Florida; 29°14'N, 85°29'15"W; 46 m;

coral; Albatross station 2373; 7 February 1885; USNM.

—2 9(1 ovigerous); Gulf of Mexico, off northwestern

Florida; 29°18'15"N, 85°32'W; 46 m; coarse, gray

sand, broken shell; Albatross station 2370; 7 February

1885; USNM.—Id1; Venezuela, off Isla de Margarita; ll°03'N, 64°37.5'W; 95 m; LS 6805, station

III; L. Abele; 25 November 1968; USNM.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine absent. Stylocerite

rounded laterally. (Right pereiopod of first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first legs lacking exopods.)

Second pereiopods symmetrical, with 5 meral and

10-14 carpal articles. Carpus of fifth pereiopod longer

than propodus. Fifth abdominal somite unarmed

posterolaterally. Abdominal sternites unarmed.

DESCRIPTION.—Rostrum (Figures 196, 20a) sinuous

or convex dorsally, apex (Figure 19c) noticeably deflexed, bifid, lower tooth longer, bifurcation obscured

by long setae; lower margin of rostrum convex proximally, concave distally. Lower orbital angle an inconspicuous, rounded lobe. Antennal spine absent.

Lower anterior angle of carapace broadly rounded

(Figures 19a, 20a).

Abdomen (Figure 19a1) smooth, bare, lower margins of pleura lined with fine setae. Fifth abdominal

somite rectangular posterolaterally, posterolateral

apex of pleuron rounded, unarmed. Sixth abdominal

somite less than \y<i times as long as fifth, bluntly

angled posterolaterally; lobe above articulation of

uropod irregular in outline, unarmed. Telson (Figures 19<r, 20b) about lJ/£ times as long as sixth abdominal somite, length slightly more than 3 times

greatest width, with 2 pairs of dorsal and 2 pairs of

distal spines; anterior pair of dorsal spines of telson

set in proximal fourth, posterior spines beyond midlength; distance between anterior margin and anterior

pair of dorsal spines less than }/$ distance between

pairs of spines; distal spines (Figures 19/, 20c) as in

P. bermudensis.

Eye (Figures 19a, 20a) moderately large, cornea

width subequal to or slightly greater than length of

stalk and cornea combined, 2 ^ times greatest width

of antennal scale.

Antennular peduncle (Figure 19a;) extending by 2

distal segments and }/%-}/& °f proximal segment beyond rostrum, proximal segment longer than distal

segments combined; ultimate segment slightly more

than ]/2 the length of penultimate; proximal segment

of antennular peduncle with ventral spine, set slightly

beyond midlength. Stylocerite (Figures 19g, 20a")

obtusely rounded laterally, inner margin projecting

farther than outer, inner armed with minute tubercle

in some specimens. Dorsolateral flagellum of antennule incomplete, thickened setigerous portion consisting of 9-12 articles.

Antennal scale (Figure 19x) extending to or slightly

beyond end of antennular peduncle, length of scale

about 6J/£ times greatest breadth; distal spine of scale

overreaching blade. Antennal peduncle extending

about to midlength of second segment of antennular

peduncle, basal segment of antenna unarmed. Antennal flagellum about 4—5 times carapace length.
NUMBER 89

35

FIGURE 19.—Processa vicina, new species, holotype, male, carapace length 4.0 mm: a, anterior

region; b, rostrum; c, same, distal end; d, abdomen; e, telson and uropods;/, end of tclson; g, stylocerite of right antennule; h, right mandible; t, right first maxilla; j , right second maxilla; k, right

first maxilliped; /, right second maxilliped; m, right third maxilliped; n, right first pereiopod; o,

right second pereiopod; p, left second pereiopod; q, right third pereiopod (propodus and dactyl

missing); r, right first pleopod; s, same, endopod; {, right second pleopod; u, same, endopod; v, same,

appendix masculina. Paratype, ovigerous female, from type-locality, carapace length 5.3 mm: w,

right antennule; x, right antenna. Magnifications: d, X6; a, b, e, m-r, t, w, x, X12.5; /, g, i—l, u,

X25; c, h, s, v, X63.
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Third maxilliped (Figure 19m) overreaching antennal scale by slightly more than length of distal

segment; ultimate segment with short spines on surface, apex acute; ultimate segment subequal to penultimate, slightly more than }/% the length of proximal

segment; exopod well developed. Mandible (Figure

19/z) with row of 11 spines on posterior margin of

molar process; other mouthparts (Figures 19*'-/) as in

P. bermudensis.

Right pereiopods of first pair (Figures 19n, 20*)

chelate, reaching about to end of or barely overreaching antennal scale; fingers %-% length of palm;

carpus subequal to palm; merus longer than carpus

and chela combined. Left pereiopod of first pair

(Figure 20/) with simple dactyl, overreaching antennal scale by most of dactyl; dactyl }/$ the length of

propodus; carpus % the length of propodus; merus

longer than carpus, propodus, and dactyl combined.

Arthrobranch not visible at base of first pereiopods.

Second pereiopods (Figures 19o, p, 20g, h) symmetrical, overreaching antennal scale by chela and distal

3 articles of carpus; merocarpal articulation of second

legs not extending beyond eye; ischium undivided,

merus with 5 and carpus with 10-14 articles; fingers

subequal to palm; carpus 4J/£-5 times as long as

chela; merus about 3 times as long as chela; ischium

subequal to merus. Third pereiopod (Figures 19^, 20i)

overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and

fully half of carpus; dactyl (Figure 20/) slender, simple, with subapical setae; propodus 4 times as long as

dactyl, unarmed, with scattered setae on surface, and

longer apical tufts of setae; carpus 1% times as long

as propodus, unarmed, with scattered setae on surface; merus about 1 }/£ times as long as propodus, with

5 movable spines on lateral surface; ischium about ^

as long as merus, with 0-2 movable spines on lateral

surface; combined length of propodus and carpus of

third pereiopod slightly greater than that of ischium

and merus. Fourth pereiopod (Figure 20A:) overreaching antennal scale by dactyl, propodus, and about %

of carpus; dactyl slender, simple, with subapical tufts

of setae; propodus 5 times as long as dactyl, unarmed,

ornamented with few short setae on surface and longer

distal tufts of setae; outer margin of propodus not

markedly more setose in males than in females; carpus

slightly more than 1 x/i times as long as propodus, unarmed, with few short setae on surface; merus about

\}4> times as long as propodus, with 5 movable spines

on lateral surface; ischium shorter than merus, with

FIGURE 20.—Processa vicina, new species, paratype, male, from

off Venezuela, carapace length 3.0 mm: a, anterior region;

b, tclson and uropods; c, end of telson; d, stylocerite of right

antennule; e, right first pereiopod; /, left first pereiopod; g,

right second pereiopod; h, left second pereiopod; i, right third

pereiopod; j , same, dactyl; k, right fourth pereiopod; /, left

fifth pereiopod; m, endopod of right second pleopod. Magnifications: a, b, e-i, k, I, X12.5; d, X25; c,j, m, X63.
NUMBER 89 37

2 movable spines on lateral surface; combined length

of propodus and carpus of fourth periopod much

greater than that of ischium and merus. Fifth pereiopod (Figure 20/) overreaching antennal scale by

dactyl, propodus, and fully half of carpus; dactyl

slender, simple, with subapical tufts of setae; propodus

almost 4 times as long as dactyl, with scattered short

setae on surface, longer apical setae, and 1 distal

spine on flexor margin; outer margin of propodus not

markedly more setose in males than in females; carpus

% longer than propodus, unarmed; merus about l}4

times as long as propodus, unarmed; ischium shorter

than merus, unarmed; combined length of propodus

and carpus of fifth pereiopod greater than that of

ischium and merus.

Endopod of first male pleopod (Figures 19r, s) about

x

/l as long as exopod, tapering distally, apex acute,

setose, retinacular lobe well developed, separated for

most of its length; coupling hooks not seen. Appendix

masculina of second male pleopod (Figures 19/-r>,

20m) with row of spinules on outer margin, apex with

4 distal spinules. Abdominal sternites unarmed. Uropods (Figures 19^, 206) as in P. bermudensis. Eggs

small and numerous, 0.5-0.6 mm in diameter.

SIZE.—Carapace lengths of males, 2.8^1.0 mm; of

females, 2.9-5.3 mm; of ovigerous females, 4.3-5.3

mm.

COLOR.—Not recorded.

DISCUSSION.—Processa vicina resembles P. bermudensis

and differs from all other Atlantic species of Processa

in lacking the antennal spine of the carapace. It differs from P. bermudensis in having symmetrical second

pereiopods, with 5 meral and 10-14 carpal articles

on both; it further differs from P. bermudensis in having

the rostrum deflexed anteriorly and in having broader

eyes.

Only three other species of Processa are known to

have symmetrical second pereiopods: P. aequimana

(Paulson), from the Red Sea; P. parva Holthuis, from

the eastern Atlantic; and P. hemphilli, described herein

from west Florida. These three species also have an

antennal spine on the carapace.

NAME.—The name is from the Latin, vicina, near,

alluding to its presumed relationship with P. bermudensis.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off North Carolina, in 59 m.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Atlantic, where it has been

taken off North Carolina, in the Gulf of Mexico, and

off Venezuela, in depths between 46 and 95 m.

Processa wheeleri Lebour, 1941

Processa wheeleri Lebour, 1941: 403, figs. 1-9, 11-27.—Holthuis,

1959: 120 [discussion].—A. B. Williams, 1965: 87.

DIAGNOSIS.—Antennal spine present. Stylocerite

with lateral spine. (Right pereiopod of first pair chelate, left with simple dactyl; first pereiopods lacking

exopods.) Second pereiopods asymmetrical, right

stronger. Right second pereiopod with 7 meral and

23 carpal articles, left second pereiopod with 5 meral

and 15 carpal articles. Carpus of fifth leg subequal in

length to propodus. Fifth abdominal somite unarmed

posterolaterally. (Abdominal sternites not described).

DISCUSSION.—This species was not represented in

the material available to us, and we were unable to

locate the male holotype; it may prove to be at The

Marine Laboratory, Plymouth.

P. guyanae, P. profunda, and P. tenuipes (the other

western Atlantic species with a spine on the stylocerite, an antennal spine, unarmed pleura on the

fifth abdominal somite, and asymmetrical second

chelae) all have longer pereiopods and have more

than forty articles on the carpus of the right second

pereiopod.

Williams (1965) suggested that a few immature

specimens of Processa collected in Bogue Sound, North

Carolina, might prove to be P. wheeleri, but his specimens were too young to be identified with certainty.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Off Bermuda.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Atlantic, where it is known

from Bermuda and possibly from off North Carolina.

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Index

[Pages with principal accounts are in boldface]

acutirostris, Processa, 2, 13

aequimana, Processa, 3, 12, 13, 25, 37

Ambidexter, 2, 3, 7, 25

symmetricus, 3, 5-7, 19, 25, 30

apodus, Lutjanus, 19

Aulospongus schoemus, 22

australiensis, Processa, 13

austroafricana, Processa, 13

bermudensis, Nika, 15

Processa, 1, 12, 14,15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23-31, 33, 34, 36, 37

Processa canaliculata var., 15

borboronica, Processa, 15

canaliculata, Processa, 1-3, 12, 13, 15, 19, 23, 25, 28, 34

var. bermudensis, Processa, 15

coutierei, Processa, 13

danae, Nikoides, 7, 8, 12, 22

Diopatra, 4

Diplanthera, 3, 7

edulis, Processa, 3, 13

elegantula, Processa, 12, 14, 22

fimbriata, Processa, 12, 14, 19, 20-22, 30

gracilis, Processa, 13

guyanae, Processa, 1, 2, 12, 15, 22, 28, 33, 34, 37

Halimeda, 16

hawaiiensis, Processa, 13

hemphilli, Processa, 7, 12-14, 22, 23, 24, 25

Hircinia strobilina, 22

intermedia, Processa, 14

jacobsoni, Processa, 2, 3, 13

japonica, Processa, 13

kotiensis, Processa, 13

Lutjanus apodus, 19

macrodactyla, Processa, 14

macrognatha, Processa, 13

macrophthalma, Processa, 14

maldivensis, Nikoides, 2, 3, 8, 12

mediterranea, Processa, 15

molaris, Processa, 3, 13

nanus, Nikoides, 2, 3, 7, 12

Nika bermudensis, 15

Nikoides, 1-3,7, 12

danae, 7, 8, 12, 22

maldivensis, 2, 3, 8, 12

nanus, 2, 3, 7, 12

schmitti, 8, 9-12, 34

sibogae, 8, 12

parva, Processa, 12-14, 25, 37

paucirostris, Processa, 3, 13

pontica, Processa, 13, 14

Processa, 1-3,12, 13, 18, 37

acutirostris, 2, 13

aequimana, 3, 12, 13, 25, 37

australiensis, 13

austroafricana, 13

bermudensis, 1, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23-31, 33, 34,

36, 37

borboronica, 15

canaliculata, 1-3, 12, 13, 15, 19, 23, 25, 28, 34

var. bermudensis, 15

coutierei, 13

edulis, 3, 13

elegantula, 12, 14, 22

fimbriata, 12, 14,19, 20-22, 30

gracilis, 13

guyanae, 1, 2, 12, 15, 22, 28, 33, 34, 37

hawaiiensis, 13

hemphilli, 7, 12-14, 22, 23, 24, 25

intermedia, 14

jacobsoni, 2, 3, 13

japonica, 13

kotiensis, 13

macrodactyla, 14

macrognatha, 13

macrophthalma, 14

mediterranea, 15

molaris, 3, 13

parva, 12-14, 25, 37

paucirostris, 3, 13

pontica, 13, 14

processa, 13, 15

profunda, 15, 25, 26-28, 37

riveroi, 12, 14, 19, 21, 22, 28, 29-31

robusta, 13

species, 1,8, 12, 15, 19

steinii, 3, 13

tenuipes, 12, 15, 28, 31, 32-34, 37

vicina, 12, 14, 18, 25, 34, 35-37

wheeleri, 1, 2, 14, 37

processa, Processa, 13, 15

processae, Urobopyrus, 22

profunda, Processa, 15, 25, 26-28, 37

riveroi, Processa, 12, 14, 19, 21, 22, 28, 29-31

robusta, Processa, 13

schmitti, Nikoides, 8, 9-12, 34

schoemus, Aulospongus, 22

sibogae, Nikoides, 8, 12

species, Processa, 1,8, 12, 15, 19

40
NUMBER 89 41

Spheciospongia vespara, 19, 22

steinii, Processa, 3, 13

strobilina, Hircinia, 22

symmetricus, Ambidexter, 3, 5-7, 19, 25, 30

tenuipes, Processa, 12, 15, 28, 31, 32-34, 37

Thalassia, 4, 7, 16, 19, 28, 30

Urobopyrus processae, 22

vespara, Spheciospongia, 19, 22

vicina, Processa, 12, 14, 18, 25, 34, 35-37

wheeled, Processa, 1,2, 14, 37

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