Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released May 11, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Corn Updates

Survey respondents who reported corn acreage as not yet harvested in North Dakota and South Dakota 

during the survey conducted in preparation for the Crop Production 2009 Summary were re-contacted in 

late April to determine how many of the acres were harvested or still intended for harvest, and to record 

the production from those acres. Based on this updated information, several changes were made to the 

estimates published in the Crop Production 2009 Summary. Because unharvested production is a 

component of on-farms stocks, changes were made to the December 1 on-farms stocks levels comparable 

with the production adjustments as well. 

Winter Wheat Production Down 4 Percent from 2009

All Orange Production Unchanged from April

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.46 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2009. Expected area for harvest as grain 

or seed totals 31.8 million acres, down 8 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is 

forecast at 45.9 bushels per acre, up 1.7 bushels from the previous year.

Hard Red Winter, at 960 million bushels, is up 5 percent from 2009. Soft Red Winter, at 283 million bushels, is down 

30 percent from last year. White Winter is up 7 percent from last year and now totals 215 million bushels. Of this total, 

17.0 million bushels are Hard White and 198 million bushels are Soft White.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 8.20 million tons, unchanged from the April 1 forecast 

but down 10 percent from the 2008-2009 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 132 million boxes 

(5.92 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from last season’s final utilization. 

Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 68.6 million boxes (3.09 million tons), unchanged from 

April 1 but 19 percent lower than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 63.0 million boxes (2.84 million 

tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 19 percent from the 2008-2009 estimate. Most citrus producing 

areas in Florida reported ideal growing conditions during April with warm temperatures and adequate amounts of sun and 

precipitation. The monthly row count survey indicated that harvest of early, midseason, and navel oranges is complete, 

while 48 percent of the Valencia crop is harvested. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from 

April.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2009-2010 season is 1.55 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast and down 7 percent from last season’s final yield of 

1.66 gallons per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.51 gallons per box, down 6 percent from last season’s 

record yield of 1.60 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.63 gallons per box, 7 percent lower than last 

year’s final yield of 1.75 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationship this season will be 

similar to those of the past several seasons.
2 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on May 11, 2010.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Michael T. Scuse

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (May 2010) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, 

and Forecasted May 1, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009,

and Forecasted May 1, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................... 6

Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2008-2010......................................................................................................... 6

Corn Area Planted for All Purposes, Area Harvested, Yield, and Production for Grain - Selected States

and United States: 2009 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

Corn Stocks by Position - Selected States and United States: December 1, 2009.................................................................. 7

Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2007-2010.......................................................... 8

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009,

and Forecasted May 1, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................... 9

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009,

and Forecasted May 1, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................. 10

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - Hawaii: 2008 and 2009 ............................ 10

Peach Production by Crop - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010.............................................................. 10

Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010......................................................... 10

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 and 2009.............................................. 11

Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2008 and 2009................................................................................... 11

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 

2008 and 2009....................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009.................................................... 13

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009 ........................................ 14

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009.................................................. 15

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2008 and 2009................................................... 16

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2005-2009 ................................................................................................ 16

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2005-2009 ............................................................................................. 17

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units).......................................................... 18

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) .................................................................... 19

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)............................................................... 20
4 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units) .........................................................................21

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units)...........................................................................22

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units)................................................................................23

Crop Moisture Index by Division..........................................................................................................................................24

Drought Severity Index by Division .....................................................................................................................................24

April Weather Summary .......................................................................................................................................................25

April Agricultural Summary ................................................................................................................................................25

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................27

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................32

Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................34
Crop Production (May 2010) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and 

Forecasted May 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ......................

California ......................

Colorado .......................

Georgia ........................

Idaho ............................

Illinois ...........................

Indiana .........................

Kansas .........................

Kentucky .......................

Maryland .......................

Michigan .......................

Mississippi ....................

Missouri ........................

Montana .......................

Nebraska ......................

New York ......................

North Carolina ..............

North Dakota ................

Ohio ..............................

Oklahoma .....................

Oregon .........................

Pennsylvania ................

South Carolina ..............

South Dakota ................

Tennessee ....................

Texas ...........................

Virginia .........................

Washington ..................

Wisconsin .....................

Other States 1...............

United States ................

390

315

2,450

250

700

820

450

8,800

390

195

560

165

730

2,420

1,600

105

600

545

980

3,500

750

175

150

1,530

340

2,450

210

1,640

315

960

34,485

170

380

2,300

130

740

325

280

8,200

300

140

490

130

310

1,900

1,500

100

400

320

750

3,900

830

155

135

1,180

180

3,500

175

1,710

230

926

31,786

44.0

80.0

40.0

42.0

81.0

56.0

67.0

42.0

57.0

60.0

69.0

50.0

47.0

37.0

48.0

65.0

49.0

48.0

72.0

22.0

56.0

56.0

47.0

42.0

51.0

25.0

58.0

59.0

68.0

47.9

44.2

52.0

70.0

38.0

48.0

85.0

60.0

68.0

42.0

65.0

63.0

72.0

50.0

46.0

40.0

46.0

62.0

46.0

52.0

72.0

33.0

59.0

58.0

46.0

49.0

56.0

35.0

63.0

61.0

68.0

48.1

45.9

55,860

34,000

57,000

22,400

60,000

73,600

38,640

356,000

32,660

13,140

48,990

30,070

55,680

94,380

73,480

7,686

43,200

22,550

74,120

166,500

44,950

11,840

11,070

103,950

32,760

99,000

19,880

96,320

22,110

65,497

1,867,333

17,160

25,200

98,000

10,500

56,700

45,920

30,150

369,600

22,230

11,700

38,640

8,250

34,310

89,540

76,800

6,825

29,400

26,160

70,560

77,000

42,000

9,800

7,050

64,260

17,340

61,250

12,180

96,760

21,420

46,013

1,522,718

8,840

26,600

87,400

6,240

62,900

19,500

19,040

344,400

19,500

8,820

35,280

6,500

14,260

76,000

69,000

6,200

18,400

16,640

54,000

128,700

48,970

8,990

6,210

57,820

10,080

122,500

11,025

104,310

15,640

44,585

1,458,350

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2010 Summary report.
6 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, and 

Forecasted May 1, 2010

[Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage released June 30, 2010. Yield and production will be published 

in Crop Production released July 9, 2010]

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ...........................

California ........................

Montana ..........................

North Dakota ...................

Other States 1.................

United States ..................

124

170

535

1,570

29

2,428

79

105

100.0

100.0

31.0

39.0

63.0

44.9

100.0

105.0

14,602

15,225

10,830

42,250

920

83,827

12,400

17,000

16,585

61,230

1,827

109,042

7,900

11,025

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2010 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class - United States: 2008-2010

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicate 

estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard Red .............................

Soft Red ...............................

Hard White ...........................

Soft White ............................

Spring

Hard Red .............................

Hard White ...........................

Soft White ............................

Durum ..................................

Total ....................................

1,034,694

613,578

22,702

196,360

512,138

6,340

29,525

83,827

2,499,164

919,015

403,563

18,128

182,012

547,933

7,865

28,613

109,042

2,216,171

960,383

283,464

17,010

197,493
Crop Production (May 2010) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Corn Area Planted for All Purposes, Area Harvested, Yield, and Production for Grain - Selected States 

and United States: 2009

[Updated from Crop Production 2009 Summary released January 12, 2010]

State Area planted Area harvested Yield Production

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (1,000 bushels)

North Dakota ...................................

South Dakota ...................................

United States 1.................................

1,950

5,000

86,482

*1,740

*4,680

*79,590

*115.0

*151.0

*164.7

*200,100

*706,680

*13,110,062

* Revised.

1 United States total previously revised in the March Crop Production report, released March 10, 2010.

Corn Stocks by Position - Selected States and United States: December 1, 2009

[Updated from Grains Stocks released March 31, 2010]

State

On

farms

Off

farms 1

Total All

positions

Corn

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

North Dakota ...................................

South Dakota ...................................

United States ...................................

*140,000

*500,000

*7,405,000

32,462

122,290

3,497,460

*172,462

*622,290

*10,902,460

* Revised.

1

Included stocks at mills, elevators, warehouses, terminals, and processors.
8 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hay Stocks on Farms - States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2007-2010

State

December 1 May 1

2007 2008 2009 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama .........................

Arizona ...........................

Arkansas .........................

California ........................

Colorado .........................

Connecticut .....................

Delaware ........................

Florida .............................

Georgia ...........................

Idaho ...............................

Illinois ..............................

Indiana ............................

Iowa ................................

Kansas ............................

Kentucky .........................

Louisiana ........................

Maine ..............................

Maryland .........................

Massachusetts ................

Michigan .........................

Minnesota .......................

Mississippi ......................

Missouri ..........................

Montana ..........................

Nebraska ........................

Nevada ...........................

New Hampshire ..............

New Jersey .....................

New Mexico ....................

New York ........................

North Carolina .................

North Dakota ...................

Ohio ................................

Oklahoma .......................

Oregon ............................

Pennsylvania ..................

Rhode Island ...................

South Carolina ................

South Dakota ..................

Tennessee ......................

Texas ..............................

Utah ................................

Vermont ..........................

Virginia ............................

Washington .....................

West Virginia ...................

Wisconsin .......................

Wyoming .........................

United States ..................

1,318

260

2,700

1,890

2,400

69

8

492

1,013

2,400

1,100

973

3,500

5,465

3,312

820

160

240

74

1,700

3,140

1,459

6,662

4,530

4,205

767

57

68

580

1,674

682

4,990

1,653

6,100

1,700

1,750

6

350

7,816

2,121

13,400

1,130

228

1,705

1,335

720

3,467

1,900

104,089

1,540

475

3,020

2,380

1,975

65

20

587

1,319

2,012

1,386

1,191

3,918

5,700

4,169

921

145

431

77

1,998

3,891

1,365

7,744

3,831

4,115

1,000

70

94

600

1,453

962

4,032

1,992

4,595

1,561

2,500

10

451

7,660

3,038

8,483

1,300

175

2,174

1,182

916

3,603

1,532

103,658

1,700

500

2,900

2,400

2,500

71

29

535

1,374

2,750

1,400

1,360

3,100

5,400

4,905

710

134

350

75

1,451

3,570

1,058

8,280

4,100

4,490

1,012

45

102

570

1,582

1,523

5,500

2,013

4,435

2,200

2,400

8

590

8,290

3,219

7,700

1,330

204

1,940

1,418

938

3,021

2,040

107,222

150

36

530

250

520

8

1

66

145

300

210

93

640

1,100

186

100

27

52

12

320

535

196

900

1,025

990

90

6

5

125

283

79

1,260

165

1,600

150

500

1

55

1,930

215

4,906

215

60

226

200

92

790

240

21,585

375

50

570

470

400

9

4

58

238

450

300

185

750

1,350

465

60

18

111

12

450

790

214

2,050

590

935

170

8

26

105

420

311

700

325

1,000

270

700

1

115

1,900

552

2,100

285

37

450

350

156

950

230

22,065

192

60

340

432

650

14

4

40

210

775

310

198

420

1,200

1,006

60

34

60

9

330

630

90

1,250

720

1,000

310

7

46

125

400

296

1,310

350

650

420

680

2

130

2,190

678

1,100

245

50

350

280

125

753

400

20,913
Crop Production (May 2010) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop - States and United States: 2007-2008, 2008-2009,

and Forecasted May 1, 2010

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and navel 2

 Arizona 3................................

 California 4.............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas 4..................................

 United States .........................

Valencia

 Arizona 3................................

 California 4.............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas 4..................................

 United States .........................

All

 Arizona 3................................

 California 4.............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas 4..................................

 United States .........................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ...................................

Colored

 Florida ...................................

All

 Arizona 3................................

 California 4.............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas 4..................................

 United States .........................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 4 5..................................

California 4 5...............................

Florida .......................................

United States .............................

Lemons 4

Arizona ......................................

California ...................................

United States .............................

Tangelos

Florida .......................................

230

45,000

83,500

1,600

130,330

150

17,000

86,700

196

104,046

380

62,000

170,200

1,796

234,376

9,000

17,600

100

5,200

26,600

6,000

37,900

400

6,700

5,500

12,600

1,500

14,800

16,300

1,500

150

34,500

84,600

1,300

120,550

100

12,000

77,900

159

90,159

250

46,500

162,500

1,459

210,709

6,600

15,100

25

4,800

21,700

5,500

32,025

250

6,700

3,850

10,800

3,000

21,000

24,000

1,150

(NA)

42,000

68,600

1,350

111,950

(NA)

17,000

63,000

250

80,250

(NA)

59,000

131,600

1,600

192,200

5,800

14,000

(NA)

4,200

19,800

5,500

29,500

450

9,100

4,500

14,050

2,500

20,000

22,500

900

9

1,688

3,758

68

5,523

6

637

3,901

9

4,553

15

2,325

7,659

77

10,076

383

748

3

174

1,131

240

1,548

15

251

261

527

57

562

619

68

5

1,294

3,807

55

5,161

4

450

3,506

7

3,967

9

1,744

7,313

62

9,128

280

642

1

161

922

220

1,304

9

251

183

443

114

798

912

52

(NA)

1,575

3,087

57

4,719

(NA)

638

2,835

11

3,484

(NA)

2,213

5,922

68

8,203

247

595

(NA)

141

842

220

1,203

17

341

214

572

95

760

855

41

(NA) Not available.

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in Arizona and California-75, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in Arizona and California-67, Florida-85, Texas-80; 

lemons-76; tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-75, Florida-95.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in Arizona and California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small 

quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates discontinued beginning with the 2009-2010 crop year.

4 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.

5

Includes tangelos and tangors.
10 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008, 2009, 

and Forecasted May 1, 2010

State

Area planted Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arizona ..................

California 1.............

Florida ....................

 Hastings .............

 Other Florida ......

North Carolina ........

Texas .....................

United States .........

4.0

17.8

32.6

20.0

12.6

16.0

8.8

79.2

3.7

31.0

32.4

20.2

12.2

16.0

8.8

91.9

4.0

17.5

28.9

16.5

12.4

15.0

8.3

73.7

3.7

31.0

31.0

19.0

12.0

15.5

8.4

89.6

280

410

266

260

275

225

235

289

280

395

244

230

265

210

235

291

1,050

6,930

7,952

4,845

3,107

2,520

1,680

20,132

1,120

7,175

7,700

4,290

3,410

3,375

1,951

21,321

1,036

12,245

7,550

4,370

3,180

3,255

1,974

26,060

1 Beginning in 2010, winter and summer estimates included in spring total for California.

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - Hawaii: 2008 and 2009

Crop

Area harvested Yield Production

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

(acres) (acres) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Bananas 1......................

Guavas 1........................

Papayas 1......................

Taro 2.............................

1,100

160

1,380

390

1,100

135

1,325

445

15.8

21.9

24.3

(NA)

*16.8

15.6

*23.8

(NA)

17,400

3,500

33,500

4,300

*18,500

2,100

*31,500

4,000

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

1 Only utilized production is estimated.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

Peach Production by Crop - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010

State

Total production

2008 2009 2010

(tons) (tons) (tons)

Freestone .......................................

Clingstone 1.....................................

Total ...............................................

433,000

426,000

859,000

349,000

469,000

818,000

365,000

400,000

765,000

1 California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.

Almonds Utilized Production - California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted May 1, 2010

State

Utilized production (shelled basis)

2008 2009 2010

(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

California ........................................ 1,630,000 *1,410,000 1,530,000

* Revised.
Crop Production (May 2010) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production - States and United States: 2008 and 2009

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Connecticut .........................................

Georgia ...............................................

Kentucky ..............................................

Massachusetts .....................................

Missouri 1.............................................

North Carolina .....................................

Ohio .....................................................

Pennsylvania .......................................

South Carolina .....................................

Tennessee ...........................................

Virginia ................................................

United States .......................................

2,600

16,000

87,800

690

1,500

174,300

3,400

7,900

19,000

21,800

19,500

354,490

*1,900

14,000

88,700

390

(NA)

177,400

3,400

8,200

18,500

21,600

20,150

*354,240

1,352

2,100

2,345

1,403

2,240

2,240

2,050

2,232

2,100

2,403

2,357

2,258

*1,277

2,000

2,333

*1,500

(NA)

2,389

2,000

2,276

2,100

2,313

*2,309

*2,322

3,516

33,600

205,850

968

3,360

390,360

6,970

17,630

39,900

52,380

45,970

800,504

*2,426

28,000

206,900

*585

(NA)

423,856

6,800

18,660

38,850

49,960

*46,530

*822,567

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

1 Estimates discontinued in 2009.

Tobacco Price and Value - States and United States: 2008 and 2009

State

Price per pound Value of production

2008 2009 2008 2009

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Connecticut 1.......................................

Georgia ...............................................

Kentucky ..............................................

Massachusetts 1..................................

Missouri 2.............................................

North Carolina .....................................

Ohio .....................................................

Pennsylvania 3.....................................

South Carolina .....................................

Tennessee ...........................................

Virginia ................................................

Connecticut and Massachusetts 4........

United States 5.....................................

5.900

1.700

1.859

5.500

1.750

1.760

1.630

1.735

1.740

2.109

1.790

28.500

1.859

(D)

1.700

1.852

(D)

(NA)

1.759

1.650

*1.674

1.760

2.096

*1.744

28.500

*1.842

13,841

57,120

382,593

4,015

5,880

686,921

11,361

24,040

69,426

110,448

82,296

40,128

1,488,069

(D)

47,600

383,208

(D)

(NA)

745,736

11,220

*31,239

68,376

104,735

*81,150

32,462

*1,515,159

* Revised.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

(NA) Not available.

1 Price and value includes Connecticut Valley Broadleaf only. Connecticut Valley Shade-grown is not included in State totals to avoid disclosure of 

individual operations.

2 Estimates discontinued in 2009.

3 Price and value for 2008 exclude Southern Maryland Belt tobacco to avoid disclosure of individual operations.

4

Includes Connecticut Valley Shade-grown only. Connecticut and Massachusetts combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Price and 

value not available for 2009.

5

Includes estimated 2009 value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. Used 2008 Connecticut and 

Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown price to compute the 2009 value of production.
12 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 

and 2009

Class and Type

Area harvested Yield Production

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ......................................................................

North Carolina ............................................................

South Carolina ...........................................................

Virginia .......................................................................

United States .............................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ....................................................................

Tennessee .................................................................

Virginia .......................................................................

United States .............................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ................................................................

 Missouri .................................................................

 North Carolina ........................................................

 Ohio .......................................................................

 Pennsylvania ..........................................................

 Tennessee .............................................................

 Virginia ...................................................................

 United States .........................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland

 Pennsylvania ..........................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) .....................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) .............................

Kentucky ....................................................................

Tennessee .................................................................

United States .............................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf

 Pennsylvania ..........................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ............................................................

 Massachusetts .......................................................

 United States .........................................................

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ............................................................

 Massachusetts .......................................................

 United States .........................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) ..........................................

All Tobacco ..............................................................

16,000

171,000

19,000

17,000

223,000

10,900

7,200

500

18,600

70,000

1,500

3,300

3,400

4,300

13,000

2,000

97,500

1,800

99,300

6,900

1,600

8,500

1,800

1,700

500

2,200

900

190

1,090

5,090

354,490

14,000

174,000

18,500

17,500

224,000

9,100

6,400

650

16,150

75,000

(NA)

3,400

3,400

4,100

14,000

2,000

101,900

2,100

104,000

4,600

1,200

5,800

2,000

*1,100

300

*1,400

800

90

890

*4,290

*354,240

2,100

2,250

2,100

2,410

2,239

3,500

3,200

2,000

3,344

2,100

2,240

1,700

2,050

2,300

1,900

2,000

2,067

2,100

2,068

3,000

2,900

2,981

2,200

1,380

1,460

1,398

1,300

1,250

1,292

1,659

2,258

2,000

2,400

2,100

*2,340

*2,346

3,500

3,100

*2,000

*3,281

2,150

(NA)

1,840

2,000

2,300

1,920

*2,140

*2,109

2,300

*2,113

3,000

2,700

2,938

2,200

*1,260

*1,620

*1,337

*1,300

1,100

*1,280

*1,728

*2,322

33,600

384,750

39,900

40,970

499,220

38,150

23,040

1,000

62,190

147,000

3,360

5,610

6,970

9,890

24,700

4,000

201,530

3,780

205,310

20,700

4,640

25,340

3,960

2,346

730

3,076

1,170

238

1,408

8,444

800,504

28,000

417,600

38,850

*40,950

*525,400

31,850

19,840

*1,300

*52,990

161,250

(NA)

6,256

6,800

9,430

26,880

*4,280

*214,896

4,830

*219,726

13,800

3,240

17,040

4,400

*1,386

*486

*1,872

*1,040

99

*1,139

*7,411

*822,567

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.
Crop Production (May 2010) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009

Class and Type

Price per pound Value of production

2008 2009 2008 2009

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ......................................................................

North Carolina ............................................................

South Carolina ............................................................

Virginia .......................................................................

United States ..............................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky .....................................................................

Tennessee ..................................................................

Virginia .......................................................................

United States ..............................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky .................................................................

 Missouri 1................................................................

 North Carolina ........................................................

 Ohio ........................................................................

 Pennsylvania ..........................................................

 Tennessee ..............................................................

 Virginia ...................................................................

 United States ..........................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland

 Pennsylvania 2........................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) 2....................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky .....................................................................

Tennessee ..................................................................

United States ..............................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf

 Pennsylvania ..........................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut .............................................................

 Massachusetts ........................................................

 United States ..........................................................

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut .............................................................

 Massachusetts ........................................................

 United States 3........................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) ...........................................

All Tobacco 4 5...........................................................

1.700

1.760

1.740

1.790

1.757

2.450

2.490

2.160

2.460

1.650

1.750

1.740

1.630

1.750

1.730

1.700

1.669

(D)

(D)

2.250

2.230

2.246

1.700

5.900

5.500

5.805

(D)

(D)

28.500

7.664

1.859

1.700

1.760

1.760

*1.730

*1.754

2.450

2.520

*2.100

*2.468

1.700

(NA)

1.720

1.650

1.700

1.770

*1.770

*1.709

*1.600

*1.707

2.250

2.210

2.242

*1.700

*5.000

*5.150

*5.039

(D)

(D)

*28.500

*6.662

*1.842

57,120

677,160

69,426

73,336

877,042

93,468

57,370

2,160

152,998

242,550

5,880

9,761

11,361

17,308

42,731

6,800

336,391

(D)

(D)

46,575

10,347

56,922

6,732

13,841

4,015

17,856

(D)

(D)

40,128

64,716

1,488,069

47,600

734,976

68,376

*70,844

*921,796

78,033

49,997

*2,730

*130,760

274,125

(NA)

10,760

11,220

16,031

47,578

*7,576

*367,290

*7,728

*375,018

31,050

7,160

38,210

*7,480

*6,930

*2,503

*9,433

(D)

(D)

*32,462

*49,375

*1,515,159

* Revised.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

(NA) Not available.

1 Estimates discontinued in 2009.

2 Price and value not available for 2008.

3 Connecticut and Massachusetts combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations.

4

The 2009 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown.

5

Includes estimated 2009 value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown. Used 2008 Connecticut and 

Massachusetts, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown price to compute the 2009 value production. Excludes Southern Maryland belt tobacco for 

2008 to avoid disclosure of individual operations.
14 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009

Type and State

Area planted Area harvested Yield

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas ..................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

290.0

135.0

620.0

120.0

67.0

940.0

35.0

300.0

365.0

306.0

38.0

430.0

170.0

135.0

285.0

5,000.0

61.0

9,297.0

0.8

155.0

2.6

15.6

174.0

290.0

135.8

620.0

275.0

67.0

940.0

35.0

300.0

365.0

306.0

40.6

430.0

170.0

135.0

285.0

5,015.6

61.0

9,471.0

255.0

145.0

520.0

71.0

82.0

1,000.0

38.0

230.0

305.0

272.0

*31.1

375.0

205.0

115.0

300.0

5,000.0

64.0

*9,008.1

*1.6

119.0

*2.8

18.0

*141.4

255.0

146.6

520.0

190.0

82.0

1,000.0

38.0

230.0

305.0

272.0

*33.9

375.0

205.0

115.0

300.0

5,018.0

64.0

*9,149.5

286.0

133.0

615.0

117.0

65.0

920.0

25.0

234.0

360.0

303.0

35.0

428.0

155.0

134.0

280.0

3,250.0

60.0

7,400.0

0.8

151.0

1.9

15.0

168.7

286.0

133.8

615.0

268.0

65.0

920.0

25.0

234.0

360.0

303.0

36.9

428.0

155.0

134.0

280.0

3,265.0

60.0

7,568.7

*248.0

144.0

500.0

70.0

78.0

990.0

34.0

225.0

*290.0

260.0

*29.5

370.0

*195.0

114.0

280.0

*3,500.0

63.0

*7,390.5

*1.6

116.0

*2.8

17.8

*138.2

*248.0

*145.6

500.0

186.0

78.0

990.0

34.0

225.0

*290.0

260.0

*32.3

370.0

*195.0

114.0

280.0

*3,517.8

63.0

*7,528.7

787

1,462

1,012

1,506

916

835

653

576

911

1,106

974

847

811

881

909

657

908

803

480

1,281

758

768

1,226

787

1,456

1,012

1,379

916

835

653

576

911

1,106

963

847

811

881

909

658

908

813

*668

*1,477

*818

*1,646

*723

*902

*748

*745

*687

*927

*1,172

*990

*785

*872

*843

*634

*1,052

*766

*1,170

*1,494

*686

*836

*1,389

*668

*1,473

*818

*1,551

*723

*902

*748

*745

*687

*927

*1,129

*990

*785

*872

*843

*635

*1,052

*777

* Revised.
Crop Production (May 2010) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type - States and United States: 2008 and 2009

Type and State

Production in

480-lb Net Weight

bales 1

Lint seed

ratio 2

Bales Ginned in

480-lb Net Weight

bales 3

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

(1,000 bales) (1,000 bales) (bales) (bales)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas .................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

469.0

405.0

1,296.0

367.0

124.0

1,600.0

34.0

281.0

683.0

698.0

71.0

755.0

262.0

246.0

530.0

4,450.0

113.5

12,384.5

0.8

403.0

3.0

24.0

430.8

469.0

405.8

1,296.0

770.0

124.0

1,600.0

34.0

281.0

683.0

698.0

74.0

755.0

262.0

246.0

530.0

4,474.0

113.5

12,815.3

*345.0

*443.0

*852.0

*240.0

*117.5

*1,860.0

*53.0

*349.0

*415.0

*502.0

*72.0

*763.0

*319.0

*207.0

*492.0

*4,620.0

*138.1

*11,787.6

*3.9

*361.0

*4.0

*31.0

*399.9

*345.0

*446.9

*852.0

*601.0

*117.5

*1,860.0

*53.0

*349.0

*415.0

*502.0

*76.0

*763.0

*319.0

*207.0

*492.0

*4,651.0

*138.1

*12,187.5

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

(NA)

0.441

(NA)

0.427

0.413

(NA)

(NA)

0.434

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.409

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

0.444

(NA)

0.431

0.416

(NA)

(NA)

0.434

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

(NA)

465,800

386,800

1,272,100

383,500

108,250

1,620,450

33,850

287,100

673,700

715,900

43,950

766,400

259,000

239,750

533,000

4,485,300

105,400

12,380,250

750

403,200

3,800

22,850

430,600

465,800

387,550

1,272,100

786,700

108,250

1,620,450

33,850

287,100

673,700

715,900

47,750

766,400

259,000

239,750

533,000

4,508,150

105,400

12,810,850

340,400

433,850

819,150

248,900

93,000

1,882,200

44,250

348,850

406,100

534,850

30,200

779,250

316,300

201,050

497,650

4,671,650

123,900

11,771,550

4,050

359,750

5,200

30,050

399,050

340,400

437,900

819,150

608,650

93,000

1,882,200

44,250

348,850

406,100

534,850

35,400

779,250

316,300

201,050

497,650

4,701,700

123,900

12,170,600

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

1 Production ginned and to be ginned.

2 Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average.

3 Equivalent 480-lb net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement.
16 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition - States and United States: 2008 and 2009

State

Production

Farm disposition

Seed for

planting Sales to 2

oil mills Other 1

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama ......................

Arizona ........................

Arkansas ......................

California .....................

Florida ..........................

Georgia ........................

Kansas .........................

Louisiana .....................

Mississippi ...................

Missouri .......................

New Mexico .................

North Carolina ..............

Oklahoma ....................

South Carolina .............

Tennessee ...................

Texas ...........................

Virginia .........................

United States ...............

139.0

140.3

443.0

280.0

32.6

508.0

12.7

89.0

230.0

240.0

25.0

231.0

90.5

88.1

169.0

1,547.1

35.0

4,300.3

*114.0

*161.4

*294.0

*275.0

*34.5

*539.1

19.0

*108.0

*134.0

*192.5

*25.4

*244.6

*108.4

*64.3

*157.9

*1,634.0

*42.7

*4,148.8

22.0

-

357.0

73.0

28.5

361.0

-

58.0

204.0

155.0

-

44.0

87.2

55.9

146.0

934.9

-

2,526.5

11.0

-

253.0

-

29.0

332.6

-

75.0

118.5

127.0

-

41.1

96.8

40.6

140.5

1,012.8

-

2,277.9

117.0

140.3

86.0

207.0

4.1

147.0

12.7

31.0

26.0

85.0

25.0

187.0

3.3

32.2

23.0

612.2

35.0

1,773.8

103.0

161.4

41.0

275.0

5.5

206.5

19.0

33.0

15.5

65.5

25.4

203.5

11.6

23.7

17.4

621.2

42.7

1,870.9

*1.5

*1.1

*3.6

*1.7

*0.4

*5.0

*0.2

*2.1

*2.2

*1.5

*0.2

*2.4

*1.0

*0.5

*2.0

*32.6

*0.6

*58.6

2.2

1.4

3.5

2.4

0.5

5.0

0.2

1.8

2.4

1.6

0.3

3.4

1.3

0.7

2.5

37.1

0.7

67.0

* Revised.

- Represents zero.

1

Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses.

2

Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year.

Cotton Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2009. 

Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre - Selected States: 2005-2009

State 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

Arkansas ..............................

Georgia ................................

Louisiana .............................

Mississippi ...........................

North Carolina ......................

Texas ...................................

138

139

118

73

189

59

93

183

127

68

184

56

146

185

136

103

134

52

144

146

147

118

195

65

198

186

135

116

150

37
Crop Production (May 2010) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts - Selected States: 2005-2009

[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs 

per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls]

State 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Arkansas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Georgia

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Louisiana

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Mississippi

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

North Carolina

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Texas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

811

728

733

733

733

667

689

767

767

767

746

768

775

775

775

818

729

724

722

722

799

693

721

721

721

620

516

586

585

585

859

814

849

824

824

648

675

774

790

790

760

781

786

785

785

700

699

695

695

695

637

641

671

671

671

530

477

533

544

544

790

839

849

849

849

616

570

707

708

708

796

808

841

841

841

819

745

747

747

747

527

601

625

625

625

602

538

631

632

632

943

810

852

846

846

587

613

733

742

742

655

578

579

579

579

909

679

728

722

722

667

652

702

704

704

633

513

579

573

573

1,051

814

803

794

794

571

731

712

737

737

714

792

756

788

788

925

833

717

722

722

701

730

779

777

777

613

522

502

502

502
18 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

3,567.0

86,482.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

3,404.0

350.0

3,135.0

1,241.0

6,633.0

(NA)

59,133.0

43,311.0

2,554.0

13,268.0

827.0

(X)

317.0

51.5

1,116.0

1.0

175.0

77,451.0

2,030.0

*9,149.5

*9,008.1

*141.4

1,183.2

(NA)

(NA)

20.5

1,537.5

863.3

415.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,069.5

9.0

79.2

44.2

937.1

(NA)

109.6

(NA)

3,273.0

88,798.0

(NA)

3,364.0

3,411.0

6,360.0

53,827.0

37,698.0

2,223.0

13,906.0

1,228.1

(X)

420.0

1,201.0

78,098.0

2,181.0

10,505.0

10,315.0

190.0

1,174.2

(NA)

29.5

1,766.6

837.0

510.0

91.9

117.1

3,113.0

*79,590.0

5,605.0

59,755.0

21,227.0

38,528.0

1,379.0

293.0

3,103.0

252.0

5,520.0

254.0

49,868.0

34,485.0

2,428.0

12,955.0

814.0

(X)

314.0

49.8

1,081.0

0.9

165.5

76,372.0

1,953.5

*7,528.7

*7,390.5

*138.2

1,145.3

877.7

*354.2

13.7

1,463.0

837.9

407.0

(NA)

6.3

39.7

69.8

1,044.7

8.7

73.7

42.7

919.6

20.5

97.7

0.4

60,460.0

31,786.0

334.0

89.6

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.
Crop Production (May 2010) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 1........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1............................................................................... bales

 Upland 1................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 1................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 1.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 1....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 1......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 1........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Winter ...................................................................................... cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

73.0

*164.7

19.3

2.47

3.35

1.98

67.5

33.7

7,085

27.8

69.4

14.5

44.4

44.2

44.9

45.1

1,811

(X)

23.6

991

3,412

1,700

1,462

44.0

1,554

*777

*766

*1,389

25.8

34.4

*2,322

1,328

1,733

2,045

1,440

(NA)

1,270

2,383

91

413

245

289

340

428

132

201

(NA)

45.9

291

227,323

*13,110,062

108,209

147,442

71,030

76,412

93,081

9,865

219,850

6,993

382,983

3,680

2,216,171

1,522,718

109,042

584,411

1,474,130

*4,148.8

7,423

49,364

3,688,350

1,530

241,970

3,359,011

3,036,460

*12,187.5

*11,787.6

*399.9

29,519

30,151

*822,567

182

25,360

17,137

5,859

874

8,000

94,677.9

6,379

431,478

2,132

21,321

14,522

393,503

2,698

19,647

4,000

1,458,350

26,060

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Yield in pounds.
20 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

 Tobacco ............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,443,530

34,998,400

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,377,560

141,640

1,268,700

502,220

2,684,310

(NA)

23,930,530

17,527,530

1,033,580

5,369,430

334,680

(X)

128,290

20,840

451,630

400

70,820

31,343,650

821,520

*3,702,710

*3,645,490

*57,220

478,830

(NA)

(NA)

8,300

622,210

349,370

167,950

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

432,820

3,640

32,050

17,890

379,230

(NA)

44,350

(NA)

1,324,550

35,935,660

(NA)

1,361,380

1,380,400

2,573,830

21,783,250

15,256,000

899,630

5,627,620

497,000

(X)

169,970

486,030

31,605,480

882,630

4,251,270

4,174,380

76,890

475,190

(NA)

11,940

714,930

338,730

206,390

37,190

47,390

1,259,800

*32,209,280

2,268,290

24,182,250

8,590,350

15,591,900

558,070

118,570

1,255,750

101,980

2,233,890

102,790

20,181,080

13,955,730

982,590

5,242,760

329,420

(X)

127,070

20,150

437,470

360

66,980

30,906,980

790,560

*3,046,790

*2,990,860

*55,930

463,490

355,200

*143,360

5,540

592,060

339,090

164,710

(NA)

2,550

16,080

28,250

422,780

3,520

29,830

17,280

372,150

8,300

39,540

180

24,467,560

12,863,480

36,260

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
Crop Production (May 2010) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production - United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley ........................................................

Corn for grain .............................................

Corn for silage ...........................................

Hay, all 1....................................................

 Alfalfa ....................................................

 All other .................................................

Oats ...........................................................

Proso millet ................................................

Rice ...........................................................

Rye ............................................................

Sorghum for grain ......................................

Sorghum for silage .....................................

Wheat, all 1................................................

 Winter ....................................................

 Durum ....................................................

 Other spring ...........................................

Oilseeds

Canola .......................................................

Cottonseed ................................................

Flaxseed ....................................................

Mustard seed .............................................

Peanuts .....................................................

Rapeseed ..................................................

Safflower ...................................................

Soybeans for beans ...................................

Sunflower ..................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1................................................

 Upland ...................................................

 American Pima ......................................

Sugarbeets ................................................

Sugarcane .................................................

Tobacco .....................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ..................................

Dry edible beans ........................................

Dry edible peas ..........................................

Lentils ........................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ...................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ..........................................

Hops ..........................................................

Peppermint oil ............................................

Potatoes, all 1............................................

 Winter ....................................................

 Spring ....................................................

 Summer .................................................

 Fall ........................................................

Spearmint oil .............................................

Sweet potatoes ..........................................

Taro (Hawaii) .............................................

3.93

*10.34

43.28

5.53

7.50

4.45

2.42

1.89

7.94

1.74

4.35

32.48

2.99

2.97

3.02

3.03

2.03

(X)

1.48

1.11

3.82

1.91

1.64

2.96

1.74

*0.87

*0.86

*1.56

57.78

77.01

*2.60

1.49

1.94

2.29

1.61

(NA)

1.42

2.67

0.10

46.29

27.47

32.43

38.12

47.96

0.15

22.54

(NA)

3.09

32.60

4,949,370

*333,010,910

98,165,550

133,757,130

64,437,330

69,319,800

1,351,070

223,730

9,972,230

177,630

9,728,220

3,338,440

60,314,290

41,441,590

2,967,640

15,905,060

668,650

*3,763,730

188,550

22,390

1,673,010

690

109,760

91,417,300

1,377,320

*2,653,520

*2,566,450

*87,070

26,779,190

27,352,530

*373,110

8,260

1,150,310

777,320

265,760

39,640

3,630

42,950

2,890

19,571,510

96,710

967,100

658,710

17,849,000

1,220

891,170

1,810

39,689,780

1,182,060

* Revised.

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Production may not add due to rounding.
22 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2008 2009 2010

(1,000) (1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ......................................................................................... tons

Lemons ............................................................................................ tons

Oranges ........................................................................................... tons

Tangelos (Florida) ............................................................................ tons

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................... tons

Noncitrus

Apples ..........................................................................................pounds

Apricots ............................................................................................ tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

Grapes ............................................................................................. tons

Olives (California) ............................................................................ tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

Peaches ........................................................................................... tons

Pears ............................................................................................... tons

Prunes, dried (California) ................................................................. tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ........................................... tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .......................................................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ............................................................. tons

Pecans, in-shell ............................................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ............................................................ tons

Maple syrup ................................................................................. gallons

1,548.0

619.0

10,076.0

68.0

527.0

9,609.3

81.6

17,400.0

7,319.3

66.8

33,500.0

1,135.3

869.9

129.0

15.5

1,630,000.0

32.0

194,080.0

436.0

1,912.0

1,304.0

912.0

9,128.0

52.0

443.0

9,953.6

68.3

*18,500.0

7,067.6

42.8

*31,500.0

1,105.7

936.2

157.0

18.8

*1,410,000.0

47.0

290,500.0

415.0

2,327.0

1,203.0

855.0

8,203.0

41.0

572.0

1,530,000.0

* Revised.

1 Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010.
Crop Production (May 2010) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production - United States: 2008-2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2008 2009 2010

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ......................................................................................

Lemons .........................................................................................

Oranges .........................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) .........................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ...........................................................................................

Apricots .........................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

Grapes ..........................................................................................

Olives (California) ..........................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

Peaches ........................................................................................

Pears .............................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ...............................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) .........................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .........................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........................................................

Pecans, in-shell .............................................................................

Walnuts in-shell (California) ...........................................................

Maple syrup ...................................................................................

1,404,320

561,550

9,140,790

61,690

478,090

4,358,710

74,040

7,890

6,639,920

60,600

15,200

1,029,940

789,110

117,030

14,060

739,360

29,030

88,030

395,530

9,560

1,182,970

827,350

8,280,780

47,170

401,880

4,514,880

61,980

*8,390

6,411,660

38,830

*14,290

1,003,090

849,320

142,430

17,060

*639,570

42,640

131,770

376,480

11,630

1,091,340

775,640

7,441,640

37,190

518,910

694,000

* Revised.

1 Production years are 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010.
24 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (May 2010) 25

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April Weather Summary

Much of the eastern half of the Nation experienced a drying trend during April, promoting a rapid planting pace but 

limiting moisture for crop emergence and establishment. In fact, United States corn planting proceeded at a record pace 

during the second half of April, with half the crop planted by April 25 and more than two-thirds (68 percent) in the ground 

on May 2. Previous records, set in 2004, had been 37 and 50 percent, respectively, for those two dates.

Toward month’s end, however, torrential rainfall overspread the Mid-South, particularly from western and central 

Tennessee into Kentucky. Mid-South rainfall totals in excess of a foot triggered record flooding, but largely bypassed 

major production areas for crops such as corn and soft red winter wheat. In addition, little cotton had been planted in the 

northern Delta at the time of the deluge. In contrast, drought expanded and intensified during April in an area centered on 

Louisiana, where year-to-date precipitation deficits locally surpassed 10 inches.

Meanwhile, most of the Plains’ winter wheat crop continued to experience favorable growing conditions, with moderate 

temperatures, frequent showers, and abundant soil moisture reserves.

Elsewhere, near- to above-normal monthly precipitation totals were common across the western half of the United States, 

except in the Southwest. Cool weather accompanied the Western precipitation, resulting in fieldwork and crop 

developmental delays. However, the late-season storminess also improved water-supply prospects in drought-affected 

areas of the interior Northwest.

April temperatures ranged from more than 5 degrees Fahrenheit below normal in parts of California to as much as 5 to 

10 degrees Fahrenheit above normal from the Midwest into the Northeast. According to preliminary information provided 

by the National Climatic Data Center, record-setting April warmth occurred in Illinois, New Jersey, and three New 

England States.

April Agricultural Summary

The month of April delivered abnormally warm temperatures to much of the country east of the Rocky Mountains, 

allowing spring fieldwork in numerous States to advance at a pace well ahead of normal. The majority of the Great Lakes 

States, as well as areas in the Corn Belt and along the northern Atlantic Coast recorded temperatures averaging as many as 

8 degrees above normal. Conversely, temperatures in Arizona, Nevada, and along the Pacific Coast fell to as many as 

6 degrees below normal. Above average precipitation fell on much of the western half of the United States during the 

month. Most notably, the majority of California accumulated 400 percent or more of its normal precipitation total helping 

to alleviate prolonged drought conditions and boosting small grain growth. Elsewhere, abnormally dry weather led to 

monthly rainfall totaling 75 percent of normal or less for much of the Nation east of the Mississippi River.

Nationally, 3 percent of the 2010 corn crop was planted by April 11, compared with 2 percent last year and 4 percent for 

the 5-year average. With warm, mostly dry weather conditions prevailing across much of the major corn-producing 

regions, planting progress exploded during the latter half of the month as producers rushed to get as much seed in the 

ground as possible ahead of approaching late-month thunderstorms. By April 25, producers had planted 50 percent of the 

Nation’s corn crop, the earliest date on record that planting had progressed to the midpoint. Emergence had advanced to 

7 percent complete by April 25, ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. On May 2, sixty-eight percent of the corn 

crop was planted, 28 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, and 19 percent had emerged, 10 percentage points 

ahead of the 5-year average.

With activity limited to Texas and the Delta States of Arkansas and Louisiana, 16 percent of the sorghum crop was 

planted by April 4, slightly behind both last year and the 5-year average. In Texas, the second largest sorghum-producing 

State, wet fields and abnormally cool temperatures throughout March had delayed the start of planting to one week behind 

normal by April 4. Above average temperatures and sunny skies allowed for rapid mid-month planting in the Delta, while 

warmer, drier weather was needed in the Coastal Bend region of Texas to promote crop growth and to help dry saturated 

fields. Toward month’s end, planting was underway in all estimating States except Nebraska and South Dakota. By 

May 2, producers had planted 33 percent of the Nation’s sorghum crop, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 

5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
26 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

As April began, oat producers were busy seeding their crop in 7 of the 9 major producing States. In Texas, the largest 

oat-producing State, seeding and emergence were complete, with 11 percent of the crop headed by April 4. Nationwide, 

emergence had advanced to 28 percent complete by April 11, equaling progress from both last year and the 5-year 

average. Warm temperatures mid-month promoted increased fieldwork and aided emergence throughout much of the 

growing region. By May 2, producers had seeded 82 percent of the 2010 crop and emergence had advanced to 60 percent 

complete, both well ahead of last year and the 5-year average. Overall, 69 percent of the oat crop was reported in good to 

excellent condition on May 2, compared with 35 percent from the same time last year.

By April 18, barley producers had seeded 18 percent of the Nation’s crop, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 

slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Seeding was most advanced in Washington where above average temperatures and 

mostly dry weather throughout much of February and March led to fieldwork beginning earlier than normal. In contrast, 

cool, wet conditions and late-spring snow showers hampered fieldwork in the largest barley-producing area of Idaho, 

pushing seeding to nearly one week behind normal. Ideal weather conditions allowed for rapid late-month seeding in all 

estimating States, and by May 2, fifty-one percent of the barley crop was seeded, well ahead of both last year and the 

5-year average. Emergence had advanced to 16 percent complete, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage 

points ahead of the 5-year average.

Nationally, 6 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 18, seven percentage points behind last year and 

5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. The most significant mid-month delay existed in Arkansas where seeding 

setbacks following the harvest of soybeans during the fall prevented the crop from reaching normal maturity before winter 

dormancy. Although double-digit delays remained in Arkansas, North Carolina, and Oklahoma, mostly favorable 

late-month growing conditions promoted head development of 19 percentage points or more during the week ending 

April 25. By May 2, twenty-seven percent of this year’s crop was at or beyond the heading stage, on par with last year’s 

progress but 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 68 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in 

good to excellent condition on May 2, down slightly from ratings on April 4 but 21 percentage points better than a year 

ago.

Spring wheat producers in the 6 major estimating States seeded 40 percent of the 2010 crop from April 18 to May 2. 

Similar to barley, mid-month seeding progress was most advanced in Minnesota and Washington. Despite rapid seeding 

progress during the week ending April 25, progress in Idaho remained 8 percentage points, or over 4 days behind normal. 

By May 2, sixty percent of the Nation’s spring wheat crop was seeded and 23 percent had emerged, both ahead of last 

year and the 5-year average.

While producers in California were busy preparing fields, rice seeding was underway in the Delta and Texas and by 

April 4, fourteen percent of the Nation’s crop was seeded. Ideal seeding conditions early in the month led to double-digit 

seeding progress in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, but cool overnight temperatures in the rice-producing areas of 

Louisiana and Texas hampered emergence, leaving overall progress well behind normal on April 11. Seeding was 

complete on 76 percent of this year’s intended rice acreage by May 2, fifteen percentage points ahead of last year and 

11 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, emergence had advanced to 52 percent complete, but remained 

one week or more behind normal in California and Texas.

Soybean producers in the 18 major estimating States were busy planting this year’s crop by the end of April, as above 

average temperatures and dry weather provided ideal conditions for fieldwork. By May 2, fifteen percent of the Nation’s 

crop was in the ground, 10 percentage points ahead of last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.

By May 2, peanut planting was underway in all estimating States, with progress on par with or ahead of normal 

everywhere except Alabama, South Carolina, and Virginia. At 12 percent complete, planting progress was 3 percentage 

points ahead of last year and 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was most advanced in Florida, with 

progress in central areas of the State further along than in the Big Bend and Panhandle regions.

With activity limited to Arizona, California, and Texas, cotton producers had planted 4 percent of the 2010 crop by 

April 4, on par with last year’s progress but slightly behind the 5-year average. While field preparations were ongoing in 

the High and Low Plains of Texas, abnormally cool overnight temperatures early in the month left much of the crop in the 
Crop Production (May 2010) 27

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Coastal Bend region lacking the heat units needed for seed germination and crop emergence. Elsewhere, above average 

temperatures and dry conditions mid-month afforded producers in areas of the Delta and Southeast ample time to begin 

planting their crop. Drier conditions toward month’s end allowed for a quickened planting pace in Texas. Nationally, 

26 percent of the cotton crop was planted by May 2, ahead of both last year and the 5-year average, with progress 

underway in all estimating States except Kansas.

Producers had planted 17 percent of the 2010 sugarbeet crop by April 11, well ahead of both last year and the 5-year 

average. In Michigan, an abnormally mild winter led to early fieldwork, leaving planting progress, at 98 percent complete, 

52 percentage points ahead of normal on April 18. Warm, mostly dry weather toward the end of April provided ideal 

fieldwork conditions in Minnesota and North Dakota, the two largest sugarbeet-producing States, giving producers ample 

time to plant a significant portion of their crop. By May 2, planting had advanced to 96 percent complete, 58 percentage 

points ahead of last year and 37 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Progress was behind normal in Idaho 

where below average temperatures in previous weeks had slowed planting.

Crop Comments

Winter Wheat: Production is forecast at 1.46 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2009. Based on May 1 conditions, the 

United States yield is forecast at 45.9 bushels per acre, up 1.7 bushels from the previous year. Expected grain area totals 

31.8 million acres, down 8 percent from last year. As of May 2, sixty-eight percent of the United States winter wheat crop 

was rated in good to excellent condition, 21 points above the same week in 2009, and heading had reached 27 percent in 

the 18 major producing States, 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

In the southern Great Plains States, mostly adequate rainfall this spring along with moderate temperatures allowed for 

good crop development. Record snowfall in Oklahoma aided the crop throughout the early growing season. Crop 

conditions improved from last year in all of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing States. As of May 2, the 

percent of crop rated good to excellent in Oklahoma and Texas was 66 and 46 points above last year, respectively. The 

crop in the northern Great Plains States had adequate snow cover with limited winter kill reported. Yields are forecasted 

to be up from 2009 in Montana, Oklahoma, and Texas, down in Colorado and Nebraska, and unchanged in Kansas.

The delayed fall seeding in many of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States led to emergence lagging behind the 

5-year average. Precipitation has been lower than normal across much of the Corn Belt. The percent of crop rated good to 

excellent declined from last year in Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. Yields are expected to be up from 2009 in Illinois, 

down in Missouri, and unchanged in Ohio.

A cool, wet spring in the Pacific Northwest has caused crop development to be slightly behind the 5-year average in 

Oregon and Washington. Yields are forecasted to be up from 2009 in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 18.9 million bushels, 

down 36 percent from the previous year. As of May 2, Durum in Arizona was 90 percent headed, 5 points ahead of the 

5-year average. Scattered incidents of high winds causing lodging were reported in California.

Corn: Survey respondents who reported corn acreage as not yet harvested in North Dakota and South Dakota during the 

survey conducted in preparation for the Crop Production 2009 Summary were re-contacted in late April to determine how 

many of the acres were actually harvested or still intended for harvest, and to record the actual production from those 

acres. Based on this updated information, several changes were made to the estimates published in the Crop Production 

2009 Summary. Because unharvested production is a component of on-farm stocks, changes were made to the December 1 

on-farm stocks levels comparable with the production adjustments as well.

Corn harvested area declined 10,000 acres in North Dakota and 20,000 acres in South Dakota from the Crop Production 

2009 Summary. The estimated average yield in North Dakota of 115 bushels per acre is down 4 bushels from the previous 

estimate. The South Dakota average yield of 151 is down 2 bushels from the previous estimate. As a result of these 

changes, corn production in the United States is estimated at 13.1 billion bushels, down fractionally from the previous 

estimate. The United States average yield per acre, of 164.7, is down 0.2 bushel from the previous estimate.
28 Crop Production (May 2010)

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Hay Stocks on Farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2010 totaled 20.9 million tons, down 5 percent from a year ago.

Disappearance from December 1, 2009-May 1, 2010 totaled 86.3 million tons, compared with 81.6 million tons for the 

same period a year ago. 

Compared with last year, hay stocks increased in the Tennessee Valley, Ohio Valley, Rocky Mountains, and much of the 

Southwest. Stock increases in these areas were largely attributed to improved spring pasture conditions and in many cases, 

higher 2009 hay production. Stocks in Kentucky and Rhode Island showed the largest increases with 116 and 100 percent, 

respectively. 

Hay stocks were down in the southern Great Plains, Mississippi Valley, Great Lakes, Delta, and most Atlantic Coast 

States. A harsh, snowy winter in many States in these areas caused hay stocks to dwindle as producers were forced to feed 

more hay due to the lack of available winter pastures. Hay stocks were also lower compared with May 1, 2009 in 

California, Washington, and Utah. Overall, the greatest percentage declines occurred in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas. 

Almonds: The 2010 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 1.53 billion pounds, up 9 percent from the 

revised 2009 production of 1.41 billion. Bearing acreage, at 740,000, increased 3 percent from the revised 720,000 acres 

for 2009. The average yield is forecast at 2,070 pounds per acre, up 110 pounds from last year. Despite variable spring 

weather in 2010, growers reported few negative effects on the coming almond crop. Bee activity was reported to have 

been hampered slightly by the rain, while overlap of varieties was excellent. Nut sets looked good. Wet weather increased 

concerns about fungal infections and rot, but additional sprays have kept the problem under control. Overall, the trees are 

growing well and the crop is developing in good condition.

California Peaches: The California 2010 peach crop is forecast at 765,000 tons, down 6 percent from 2009.

The California Freestone crop is forecast at 365,000 tons, up 5 percent from last year. Growers reported an adequate 

number of chilling hours for the Freestone crop. Bloom started quickly, but was slowed by cool spring temperatures 

which caused pollination problems. Hail damage occurred in various growing areas throughout the spring. Despite these 

problems, growers are still expecting a larger crop than last year's freeze damaged crop. Harvest began during the middle 

of April with Super Lady and Snow Angel varieties.

The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 400,000 tons, down 15 percent from last year and 6 percent below the 2008 

crop. Full bloom was declared on March 9, 2010, six days later than 2009. The 2010 bloom was not as strong as last year 

and occurred over a longer period of time. Rain and colder than normal spring temperatures slowed crop development. 

Extra Early and Early varieties appear to be sizing well, but with a lighter fruit set than last year's crop. The cool, rainy 

weather forced growers to spray to control diseases.

Bananas: The revised Hawaii banana production estimate for 2009 is 18.5 million pounds, up 20 percent from the 

preliminary estimate and up 6 percent from the previous year. Harvested area totaled 1,100 acres in 2009, unchanged from 

the previous year. Drought conditions in Hawaii in 2009 prompted heavy irrigation of the banana crop. Growers report 

that banana bunchy top virus continued to be a problem.

Guavas: Hawaii guava utilized production for 2009 is estimated at 2.10 million pounds, 40 percent lower than the 2008 

utilized production. Harvested area totaled 135 acres, down 16 percent from the previous season. Yield averaged 

15,600 pounds per acre, compared with 21,900 pounds per acre in 2008.

Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2009 crop year is estimated at 4.00 million pounds, down 7 percent from the 

previous year. Area in crop, at 445 acres, is up 14 percent from 2008. Heavy rains adversely affected several taro patches 

on the island. Other areas were affected by dry weather conditions. Growers report that apple snails and leaf blight 

continue to be problems. The mixed weather conditions, pests, and disease hampered taro production in 2009.

Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2009-2010 United States grapefruit crop is 1.20 million tons, up 3 percent from the 

April 1 forecast but down 8 percent from the 2008-2009 crop. Florida’s grapefruit production is forecast at 19.8 million 

boxes (842,000 tons), up 4 percent from the April 1 forecast but 9 percent below last season.
Crop Production (May 2010) 29

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The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.80 million boxes (247,000 tons), up 5 percent from April 1 but down 

12 percent from the previous year. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is up 4 percent 

from the previous forecast but 7 percent below last season. As of May 1, approximately 93 percent of the white grapefruit 

crop and 96 percent of the colored grapefruit crop had been harvested. California and Texas grapefruit production 

forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 572,000 tons, up 3 percent 

from the previous forecast and 29 percent above the 2008-2009 crop. The Florida tangerine forecast is 4.50 million boxes 

(214,000 tons), up 10 percent from the April 1 forecast and up 17 percent from the previous season. Utilization and survey 

data indicate the Florida tangerine harvest is nearly complete. Arizona and California tangerine and mandarin production 

forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 900,000 boxes (41,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but down 

22 percent from last season’s final utilization. If realized, this will be the smallest tangelo crop since 1962, when Florida 

experienced a damaging December freeze.

Florida citrus: High temperatures in the citrus growing regions ranged between 80 and 90 degrees all month. Low 

temperatures were mostly in the 40’s and 50’s. Adequate rainfall was received during April. Harvest of Murcott 

tangerines and navel oranges neared completion. Valencia orange harvest continued.

Almost all of the processing plants are still open. Valencia oranges and grapefruit make up the majority of fruit going to 

processing plants. Grove activities included harvesting, psyllid treatment, hedging and topping, fertilizer applications, and

brush removal.

California citrus: By the end of April, harvest of navel oranges and tangerines was slowing down. Picking of Valencia 

oranges and lemons continued, while the grapefruit harvest was completed. The citrus bloom was ongoing as cool weather 

lengthened its duration.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: The bloom for plums, prunes, peaches, and cherries was complete in most of the 

Central Valley. Herbicide applications were ongoing in prune orchards. Preparations were made for the cherry harvest, 

while some growers reported concerns about the crop due to recent inclement weather. Many strawberry fields continued 

to set fruit, while harvest began in the San Joaquin Valley. Blueberries continued to bloom and develop in the San Joaquin 

Valley. The almond bloom ended throughout the Central Valley with reports of a healthy set. In early April, budding was 

observed in wine grape vineyards along the Central Coast and in the Central Valley. Pruning and row cultivation of 

grapevines neared completion. Irrigation, fungicide applications, and thinning to increase light exposure were ongoing in 

wine grape vineyards in the Central Valley. Table grape vineyards were also irrigated and showed good development.

Pest traps continued to be placed in almond orchards and irrigation was ongoing in some areas. Miticides were applied in 

almond orchards. Walnut blight applications continued as early walnut varieties began to bloom. Blooming was also 

observed in pistachio orchards, while growers began applying fungicide sprays. Normal ground maintenance was ongoing 

in orchards and vineyards, which included thinning to increase light exposure and fertilizer application.

Spring potatoes: Production for 2010 is forecast at 26.1 million cwt, up 2 percent from the April forecast and 22 percent 

from 2009, however beginning in 2010 California winter and summer season potatoes are included in the spring season 

total. Area for harvest is forecast at 89,600 acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but 22 percent above 2009. The 

average yield of 291 cwt per acre is up 5 cwt from the April forecast and 2 cwt more than 2009.

Florida’s production is forecast at 7.55 million cwt, unchanged from the April forecast. Standing water in some fields 

delayed field activity in the Hastings area late January. Growers in the other potato growing area expected a normal 

growing season. California spring potato production is forecast at 12.25 million cwt, up 4 percent from the previous 

forecast. Growers reported good conditions and a normal crop year. North Carolina growers are expected to produce 

3.26 million cwt of spring potatoes, unchanged from the April forecast. As of May 2, 2010, crop condition was rated 

mostly good with topsoil moisture as mostly adequate. Production in Texas is forecast at 1.97 million cwt and Arizona at 

1.04 million cwt, both remain unchanged from the April forecast.
30 Crop Production (May 2010)

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Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2009 totaled 823 million pounds, down slightly from the January 

preliminary estimate but 3 percent above 2008. Harvested area is estimated at 354,240 acres, up slightly from the January 

preliminary estimate but down slightly from the previous year. Yield per acre averaged 2,322 pounds, down 3 pounds 

from the January preliminary estimate but 64 pounds above 2008.

Flue-cured production totaled 525 million pounds, slightly below the January preliminary estimate. This is 5 percent more 

than in 2008 when 499 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 224,000 acres, slightly above the previous year. 

Flue-cured yields averaged 2,346 pounds per acre, up 107 pounds from 2008. North Carolina, the leading producer of 

flue-cured tobacco, produced 418 million pounds, approximately 79 percent of all flue-cured production.

Burley production, which accounted for 98 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 215 million pounds. This is up 

slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 7 percent above 2008. Producers of burley tobacco harvested 

101,900 acres in 2009, up 5 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 2,109 pounds per acre, 42 pounds above 

2008. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 161 million pounds, approximately 75 percent of all 

burley grown in the United States.

Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 53.0 million pounds, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate 

but 15 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 16,150 acres, down 13 percent from 2008. Fire-cured yields 

averaged 3,281 pounds per acre, down 63 pounds from the previous year. This is the third highest yield on record.

Southern Maryland Belt tobacco, at 4.83 million pounds, is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 

28 percent above 2008. Pennsylvania growers harvested 2,100 acres, up 17 percent from last year. Yields averaged 

2,300 pounds per acre, up 200 pounds from the previous year.

Revised dark air-cured production totaled 17.0 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 

33 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 5,800 acres in 2009, down 32 percent from 2008. Yield per acre 

averaged 2,938 pounds, down 43 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured 

tobacco, produced 13.8 million pounds in 2009, accounting for approximately 81 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco 

grown in the United States.

Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 7.41 million pounds, up 

3 percent from the January preliminary estimate but 12 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 4,290 acres in 

2009, down 16 percent from last year. The average yield was 1,728 pounds per acre, 69 pounds above 2008.

2009 Cotton Final: Upland cotton production is estimated at 11.8 million 480-pound bales, down 5 percent from last 

year. The United States yield for upland cotton is estimated at 766 pounds per acre, down 37 pounds from 2008. 

Harvested area, at 7.39 million acres, is down less than 1 percent from last year. 

Upland growers in the Southeastern States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia) 

finished planting by mid-June. During the early summer months, producers experienced hot, dry conditions, but by the 

end of summer, cool, wet weather dominated the region delaying crop development. By the middle of September, harvest 

was underway in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, but had not started in Georgia and Alabama, well behind 

the 5-year average. By the middle of October, defoliation and harvest was underway throughout the region. Harvest was 

complete by the end of December, well behind normal. Producers in Georgia reported record high yields, surpassing the 

record set in 2005. North Carolina and Virginia producers also reported record high yields, surpassing the records set in 

2004. Objective yield data in Georgia showed boll weights to be the largest on record. In North Carolina, objective yield 

measurements showed the boll count per acre and the boll weight to be the largest on record. 

In the Delta States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) producers finished planting by the middle 

of June. The later planted crop lagged behind in development throughout the summer and into the fall. During the early 

part of September, the region was hit with cool weather and excessive rain, further delaying crop development. By early 

October, harvest began throughout the region and neared completion by the end of November, well behind normal. The 
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objective yield data showed Mississippi bolls per acre to be slightly below average but boll weights were the largest on 

record. In Louisiana, bolls per acre were the second highest in the last 10 years. 

Texas producers finished planting the upland crop by the end of June. In South Texas, producers battled extreme drought 

conditions throughout the summer. By late July, harvest was underway and was complete by the end of August. In the 

Texas Panhandle, hot weather coupled with timely summer rains allowed the upland cotton crop to develop ahead of 

normal. However, the region received cooler than normal weather during the early fall and development began to lag 

behind the 5-year average. By the end of October, the region received the first freeze and ideal weather allowed harvest to 

progress rapidly. Harvest in Texas was complete by the end December, ahead of normal. Objective yield measurements in 

Texas showed bolls per acre to be the lowest in the last 5 years with boll weights the lowest in the last 4 years.

In Kansas and Oklahoma, producers finished planting by late June. Throughout the growing season, the upland crop 

developed behind normal. In Oklahoma, harvest got underway in late September and was complete by the end of 

November. Kansas producers started harvest in early November and completed harvest by the end of December.

Upland producers in California and Arizona completed planting by mid-June. The upland crop developed slightly behind 

normal throughout the summer. By the end August, hot dry weather aided development and the crop progressed ahead of 

normal. In Arizona, producers began harvest activities by the last of August, ahead of normal. In California, harvest was 

underway by the end of September. Harvest throughout the region was complete by the beginning of December. 

American-Pima producers planted 141,400 acres, down 19 percent from last year. Harvested area, at 138,200 acres, is 

down 18 percent from last year. Production is estimated at 399,900 bales (480-pound), down 7 percent from last year. The 

United States yield is estimated at 1,389 pounds per acre, up 163 pounds from last year. Producers finished planting by the 

end of May. The crop developed normally throughout the summer and fall. Harvest was underway by late September and 

was complete by the end of January.

Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2009 totaled 4.15 million tons, down 4 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills 

accounted for 55 percent of the disposition. The remaining 45 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various 

other uses.
32 Crop Production (May 2010)

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Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 22 and May 6 to 

gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, 

Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were 

interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in 

selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as 

number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would 

be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The 

average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the 

heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled 

to obtain current year harvesting loss.

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 14,300 producers representing all major production areas. 

These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for 

harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

accounts for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the 

season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative 

data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous 

components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer 

surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys 

in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare 

the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from 

April.

Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, 

shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-ofseason estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.
Crop Production (May 2010) 33

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 7.0 percent. This means that chances are 

two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 

7.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 12.2 percent. 

Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have 

averaged 90 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final 

estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to 

understate or overstate final production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.6 percent. However, if you exclude the 

five abnormal production seasons (three freeze seasons and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 

1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below 

the final estimates by more than 1.6 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 

(90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.8 percent, or 3.0 percent, excluding abnormal seasons.

Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 141,000 tons 

(159,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when including or excluding 

abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below 

5 times and above 10 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely 

to understate or overstate final production.
34 Crop Production (May 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch .......................................................................................................(202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section ...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice........................................................................................................ (202) 720-7688

 Shiela Corley – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Bryan Durham – Hay, Oats.............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3234

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Nick Schauer – Wheat, Rye ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds..................................................................(202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................(202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries......................................(202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ...............................................(202) 720-4288

 Dawn Keen – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ........................................................(202) 720-4215

 Steve Maliszewski – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits..........................................................(202) 720-5412

 Tierra Mobley – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ....................................................(202) 720-4285

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mints,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans ..................................................(202) 720-3250

 Kim Ritchie – Hops..........................................................................................................................(360) 902-1940
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Receive NASS Updates” box under “Receive reports by 

Email,” click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of 

payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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