ROBERT D. CORD •'A Revision of the

Genus £enoria Mulsant

' (Coleoptera:

Coccinellidae)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 86
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 86

Robert D. Gordon A Revision of The

Genus Zenoria Mulsant

(Coleoptera:

Coccinellidae)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON

I 971
ABSTRACT

Gordon, Robert D. A Revision of the Genus Zenoria Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) . Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 86: 1-22. 1971.—The available knowledge of the Neotropical genus Zenoria Mulsant is brought together, a

key to species, distributional data and an illustrated generic diagnosis presented.

Fifteen species are described as new: Z. pallida, Z. crotchi, Z. annularis, Z.

schwarzi Z. circumcincta, Z. variabilis, Z. emarginata, Z. similaris, Z. serva,

Z. patula, Z.nigra, Z. flavicollis, Z. paprzyckii, Z. discrepa, Z. carinata. One species,

Z. circumclusa Gorham, is transferred to the genus Anovia Casey.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1971

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents (paper cover)
Robert D. Gordon A Revision of The

Genus Zenoria Mulsant

(Coleoptera:

Coccinellidae)

Zenoria Mulsant is a genus of the Western Hemisphere ranging from Mexico south to Bolivia and

southern Brazil. Two species are known from Trinidad, but none have been observed from any other

West Indian locality except a doubtful record of

Z. tricolor Nunenmacher from Cuba. Northern

Argentina and Paraguay are probably within the

range of the genus although no specimens have

been examined from either country.

Blackwelder (1945) listed 9 species and 1 subspecies in Zenoria. Examination of a syntype of

Z. circumclusa Gorham has shown that it is a

member of the genus Anovia Casey. Z. linteolata

Mulsant is raised to specific rank and 15 new

species are here described. With the inclusion of

Z. tricolor Nunenmacher (1944) the total number

of species is now 25. Zenoria is not well represented in collections and in only a few instances

were large series available for study. Biological

data are practically nonexistent, the only host

records available being of Z. emarginata, new

species, feeding on Asterolecanium sp. and Aspidiotus destructor Signoret.

In addition to specimens in the Smithsonian

Institution's National Museum of Natural History,

hereafter referred to as NMNH, I wish to thank

the following individuals and institutions for the

Robert D. Gordon, Systematic Entomology Laboratory of the

Agricultural Research Service, United Stales Department of

Agriculture, in the National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution.

loan of material: John Smart, University Museum,

Cambridge, England (UMC) for a loan of Crotch

types and specimens; H. B. Leech, California

Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS);

P. J. Darlington, Jr., Museum of Comparative

Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ) ; F. Hieke,

Zoology Museum, Humboldt University, East Berlin (HUM) ; G. Wallace, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. (CM) ; R. D. Pope, British Museum

(Natural History) (BMNH) for loan of type material of Z. circumclusa Gorham. The late Gerhard

Dieke had set aside as new some species of Zenoria

in his collection and given them manuscript names.

I have used these names wherever possible and so

indicated in the discussion of the species. The

habitus views were prepared by Arthur Cushman.

Special thanks must go to George Steyskal for his

assistance in translating French and German papers.

Genus Zenoria Mulsant

Zenoria Mulsant, 1850, p. 898.—Crotch, 1874, p. 277.—

Chapuis, 1876, pp. 207-208.—Korschefsky, 1931, p. 108.—

Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443. Type species Zenoria revestita

Mulsant, by subsequent designation of Crotch 1874.

Form nearly round, widest at middle or anterior

to middle of elytra. Dorsal surface, including eye,

pubescent. Head narrow; eye large, finely faceted,

inner margin rounded; frons narrow, slightly wider

than diameter of eye; anterior clypeal margin

emarginate, angles bluntly rounded; antenna 11-

segmented, club apparently 2-segmented, antenna

extending slightly posterior to anterior pronotal

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

13

FIGURES 1-13.—Habitus views of Zenoria spp.: 1-3, Z. variabilis, new species; 4, Z. crotchi, new

species; 5, Z paprzyckii, new species; 6, Z. emarginata, new species; 7, Z. circumcincta, new

species; 8, Z. tricolor Nunenmacher; 9, Z. revestita Mulsant; 10, Z. major Crotch; 11-13, Z jubcostalis Mulsant.

angle (Figure 14) ; mandible bifid at apex, a small

basal tooth present; maxilla with palpus stout,

ultimate segment securiform (Figure 16) ; labium

widening apically, anterior angle pronounced,

palpus inserted medially (Figure 15). Pronotum

with anterior margin slightly broadly emarginate,

lateral angle and margin rounded, posterior angle

obtuse, posterior margin sinuate, produced me-
NUMBER 86

dially, distinctly margined at least medially; surface

punctate, shining, alutaceous sculpture lacking.

Elytron with lateral margin sinuate (feebly so in

revestita Mulsant), explanate, usually with coarse

deep punctures everywhere except disc, often with

discal area of a different color; surface shining,

alutaceous sculpture lacking; epipleuron broad,

horizontal (descending externally in Z. carinata,

new species), the interior margin carinate, carina

separate from margin at base. Prosternum with

intercoxal lobe narrow, apex slightly widened,

rounded, margined laterally, margins extending to

anterior margin of prosternum, an elongate concave area present between margins. Legs very long,

slender; apex of femur extending to, or slightly

beyond, outer margin of elytral epipleuron, at least

anterior femur usually visible in dorsal view; tibia

equal in length to femur, narrow; tarsi cryptoteFIGURES 14-27.—Zenoria spp.: 14-19, Z. variabilis, new species: 14, antenna; 15, labiuni; 16,

maxilla; 17, proleg; 18, middle leg; 19, hind leg. 20, Z. subcostalis Mulsant, male abdomen.

21, Z. emarginata, new species, female abdomen. 22-25, Z. paprzyckii, new species: 22, male

hind tarsal claw; 23, male protarsal claw; 24, female genital plate; 25, female internal genitalia. 26, 27, Z. subcostalis Mulsant, male genitalia: 26, phallobasc (ventral view) ; 27, phallobase (lateral view).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

tramerous, short, second segment broadly expanded

(Figures 17, 18, 19) ; tarsal claws bifid or angulate

internally; male anterior and middle claws with

inner tooth long, sharp (Figure 23), male posterior

claw and all female claws with inner angulation

short, blunt (Figure 22) . Abdomen with 5 visible

sterna (6th sternum sometimes protruding) ; male

with median area of 5th sternum depressed, concealed 6th sternum deeply emarginate (Figure 20) ;

female usually with 5th sternum entire, some

species with apex emarginate; postcoxal lines incomplete, extending downward nearly to hind

margin, of 1st sternum, two-thirds the distance to

lateral margin, abruptly upward about two-thirds

the distance to coxal depression, outer portion of

line parallel to lateral margin of sternum (Figures

20, 21). Male genitalia with trabes long, usually

about one and one-half times as long as phallobase;

accessory sclerotized areas present at base of basal

piece; basal piece and lobe usually slightly

asymmetrical, compact, basal lobe with small,

rounded tubercles at least apically; parameres

curved downward toward basal lobe; sipho much

longer than phallobase, curved approximately 180

degrees near base, nearly straight from median

point to near apex. Female genitalia with spermatheca long, curved; cornu prominent, pointed; accessory gland present; sperm duct short (Figure

25). Female genital plate elongate, oval, stylus present (Figure 24).

The dorsal pubescence, elongate legs, sexual and

intrasexual dimorphism in the form of the claws,

divergent carina on the epipleuron, form of the

postcoxal line, and type of male genitalia set

Zenoria apart from any other described coccinellid

genus. This type of male genitalia with the short,

compact phallobase, tuberculate basal lobe, and

accessory sclerotized areas where the sipho passes

through appears to be unique within the family.

Both Mulsant (1850) and Crotch (1874) placed

Zenoria near Azya Mulsant and Ortalia Mulsant.

Blackwelder (1945) erected the tribe Azyini for

Azya and placed it near the Exoplectrini. The

genera most nearly resembling Zenoria appear to

be Ortalistes Gorham and Eupalea Mulsant, and

Blackwelder was probably correct in placing

Zenoria in the Ortaliini near these two genera. The

species of Zenoria having the color pattern of Z.

revestita Mulsant are amazingly similar to Azya

and Ladoria on superficial examination but differ

structurally.

Key to Species of Zenoria

1. Dorsal surface uniformly pale yellow or red, without markings 2

Dorsal surface completely dark colored or with a dark color pattern 4

2. Ventral surface with at least the metasternum dark brown piceous. Z. pallida, new species

Ventral surface as pale as the dorsal surface 3

3. Length 4.00 mm; elytra yellowish red Z. rodolioides Crotch

Length 3.40 mm; elytra pale reddish yellow Z. pilosula Mulsant

4. Elytron with 1 to 3 dark, longitudinal vittae 5

Elytron with dark spots, rings, or entirely dark colored 6

:"). Elytron with 1 dark, submarginal vitta, occasionally with a small median spot between

vitta and suture Z. subcostalis Mulsant

Elytron with 3 dark longitudinal vittae Z. ratzeburgi Mulsant

6. Elytron completely black or dark metallic green, only a trace of pale color present at

humeral or apical angles on some specimens 18

Elytron with varying color patterns, always with some yellow or red color 7

7. Elytron pale yellow with a small dark median spot (Figure 2) ; Peru.

Z. variabilis, new species

Elytron with color pattern not as above 8

8. Elytron yellow or red with a single dark submarginal band (Figures 6, 7) 9

Elytron with color pattern not- as above 10

9. Length 3.45 mm; last sternum of female entire; Brazil Z. circumcincta, new species

Length less than 3.10 mm; last sternum of female strongly emarginate; (Figure 21) ;

Trinidad Z. emarginata, new species
NUMBER 86

10. Elytra with a single black or metallic green spot occupying disc, outer margins pale

yellow (Figure 4) 11

Elytra with color pattern not as above 15

11. Length 4.00 mm; discal elytral spot black Z. delicatula Weise

Length less than 3.50 mm; discal elytral spot black or metallic green 12

12. Meso- and metasternum yellow; discal elytral spot metallic green 13

Meso- and metasternum black, discal elytral spot metallic green or black 14

13. Length less than 3.10 mm; Panama Z. schivarzi, new species

Length more than 3.35 mm; Brazil Z. annularis, new species

14. Discal elytral spot black; male genitalia with basal lobe as long as paramere, a small

tooth at apex of paramere (Figures 36, 37) ; Peru, Bolivia Z. discoidalis (Kirsch)

Discal elytral spot usually metallic green; male genitalia with basal lobe shorter than

paramere, paramere with a tooth on inner margin before apex (Figures 30, 31) ; Brazil.

Z. crotchi, new species

15. Elytral pattern tricolored, marginal band yellow, middle band black or metallic green,

median spot red (Figure 8) 16

Elytral color pattern not as above 17

16. Middle band of elytra black; Brazil Z. tricolor Nunenmacher

Middle band of elytra metallic green; Panama Z. schwarzi, new species

17. Elytra dark metallic green, most of lateral margin and a broad apical area and narrow

sutral margin paler (Figure 12) Z. subcostalis Crotch

Elytra pale yellow with a black triangular spot on disc, or pale yellow with a large dark

brown spot occupying most of elytra, broadly yellow post-medically and narrowly along

suture (Figures 1, 3); Peru Z. variabilis, new species

18. Female with last sternum strongly emarginate; male with narrow outer margin of elytron

yellow; Trinidad Z. emarginata, new species

Female with last sternum not emarginate; male with elytral margins not paler than rest

of elytra 19

19. Epipleuron descending externally; female with last sternum carinate medially; Surinam.

Z. carinata, new species

Epipleuron horizontal; female with last sternum not carinate 20

20. Elytra dark metallic green, area of dark pubescence on disc not apparent 27

Elytra black, area of dark pubescence on disc very apparent 21

21. Length 4.70 mm or more Z. discrepa, new species

Length less than 4.70 mm 22

22. Length more than 4.10 mm; Peru Z. paprxyckii, new species

Length less than 4.00 mm 23

23. Margin of elytron feebly, abruptly explanate, in side view slightly sinuate; southern Brazil.

Z. revestita Mulsant

Margin of elytron broadly, gradually explanate, in side view strongly sinuate 24

24. Male genitalia with basal lobe shorter than or as long as paramere; southern Brazil 25

Male genitalia with basal lobe longer than paramere 26

25. Male genitalia with basal lobe equal in length to paramere (Figures 52, 53) ; length 3.90 mm.

Z. patula, new species

Male genitalia with basal lobe shorter than paramere (Figures 50. 51) ; length 3.58 mm.

Z. sena, new species

26. Length 3.30 mm or less; male genitalia with basal lobe wide at base, concealing parameres

in ventral view, gradually evenly narrowed to a bluntly rounded apex (Figures 54, 55).

Z. nigra, new species

Length 3.45 mm or more; male genitalia with basil lobe narrower at base, not concealing

parameres in ventral view, narrowed from middle to a bluntly rounded point (Figures

48 49) Z. similaris, new species

27. Length 4.30 mm or more; mesosternum black, metasternum yellow Z. major Crotch

Length less than 4.10 mm; and metasternum black 28

28. Pronotum all black except anterior margin yellow; male genitalia with basal lobe slender

in lateral view, parameres nearly touching apically (Figures 56, 57) ...Z. linteolata Mulsant

Pronotum yellow except median basal projection black; male genitalia with median lobe

thick in lateral view; parameres widely separated from base to apex (Figures 58, 59) .

Z. flavicollis, new species
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Zenoria subcostalis Mulsant

FIGURES 11, 12, 13, 20, 26, 27, 66

Zenoria subcostalis Mulsant, 1850, p. 899.—Crotch, 1874, p.

277.—Korschefsky, 1931, p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

MALE.—Length 3.10 mm, width 2.50 mm. Form

round, slightly elongate. Color reddish yellow;

pronotum, head, and underside pale yellow; each

elytron with a wide black, submarginal vitta extending from humerus two-thirds the distance to

apex, band widest at middle, nearly reaching elytral disc. Pronotum with yellowish white pubescence laterally, average length of hairs 0.60 mm,

pronotal disc apparently almost glabrous; punctures fine, separated by 1 to 2 times their diameter;

width to length ratio 1.89:1.01 mm. Elytron with

sparse pubescence, average length of hairs 0.10 mm,

most of discal area and apex appearing almost

glabrous; coarse punctures deep, separated by their

diameter or slightly less, interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 2 times their diameter, disc

with coarse punctures entirely lacking, fine punctures very shallow, widely spaced; margin of

elytron broadly reflexed; epipleuron with inner

carina extending one-half the distance to outer

margin at base. First abdominal sternum with

postcoxal line abruptly curved cephalad (Figure

20). Genitalia with basal lobe longer than paramere, slightly asymmetrical, tapering to a blunt

point; paramere short, abruptly curved (Figures

26, 27) ; sipho sinuate near apex, tip acuminate

(Figure 66).

FEMALE.—See variation below.

VARIATION.—Length 3.10 to 3.30 mm. The description above was taken from the single specimen

(male) labelled "type" in the Crotch collection,

Cambridge University Museum. In addition to this

specimen, 4 others were examined and considered

to be this species. One specimen from Rio Fn'o

has the same type of color pattern as above except

that the submarginal black vitta on each elytron

extends from the base of the elytron to the apex

and a small black spot is present on the disc postmedially (Figure 13). The pronotum has a small

black spot on base anterior to the scutellum. The

other specimen from Rio Frio has the elytron

piceous except for narrow lateral and sutural

margins pale and apical one-third of elytron pale

(Figure 12). Base of pronotum has a narrow

black band medially. The epipleuron has a dark

brown band across the median one-third. The

female of a pair of specimens from San Bernado

del Viento is black dorsally except lateral and anterior pronotal margins and apical one-fourth of

elytron pale. The male from the same locality has

the same color pattern as the female except the

pronotum is pale yellow with a black basal band

and the elytron has just a slight trace of pale color

at the apex (Figure 11). The elytron in both

specimens from San Bernado is basically black with

a green iridescence. The dorsal pubescence is much

denser and more noticeable on all specimens than

on the type; average length of elytral hairs is 0.16

mm. Mulsant described subcostalis as "parcimonieusement pubescente," and I suspect that the

type specimen was rubbed prior to his examination.

TYPE LOCALITY.—"Nouvelle Grenada" (Colombia, probably near Cartagena).

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—University Museum, Cambridge, England.

DISCUSSION.—The color forms described above

apparently all represent one species. The male

genitalia are identical and no structural differences

can be found. It is possible that Z. pilosula Mulsant

and Z. ratzeburgi Mulsant are also the same species,

in which case ratzeburgi has page priority. The

type specimen was loaned by the University

Museum, Cambridge.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—5 from the following localities in Colombia: Magdalena, Rio Frio, Darlington (MCZ) ; San Bernado del Viento, 16 Oct. 1935,

Murillo 102 (NMNH).

Zenoria ratzeburgi Mulsant

Zenoria ratzeburgi Mulsant, 1850, p. 898.—Crotch, 1874, p.

277.—Korschefsky, 1931, p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

No specimen fitting Mulsant's description has been

examined. The following description is taken from

Mulsant's original diagnosis.

Length 3.33 mm, width 2.80 mm. Form round,

slightly elongate. Pubescence sparse, yellowish

white. Pronotum yellowish white with a black band

occupying the median one-fourth of basal margin.

Elytron grayish white with three longitudinal black

vittae, the first and second beginning very near the

base, the third beginning at humerus; first vitta
NUMBER 86

nearly one-fourth as wide as elytron, extending

three-sevenths the length of elytron, a narrow dark

line present between vitta and suture and first and

second vittae; second vitta extending four-fifths the

length of an elytron, more transverse and abruptly

enlarged almost as far as the suture at the median point, gradually curving outward from that

point to its extremity; third vitta consisting of two

spots barely connected, extending nearly as far posteriorly as the second. Underside and legs grayish

white.

TYPE LOCALITY.—"Bresil."

TYPE LOCALITY.—Paris Museum (lost?)

DISCUSSION.—Z. ratzeburgi would seem to belong

near Z. subcostalis and possibly is only a color

variant. The vittae on the elytra will distinguish

this species from any other presently described.

M. Gourreau at the Paris Museum has informed

me that the major part of the Mulsant collection

has been destroyed and that no Mulsant types are

presently located here. The type of Z. ratzeburgi

must tentatively be considered lost.

Zenoria pilosula Mulsant

Zenoria pilosula Mulsant, 1850, p. 900.—Crotch, 1874, p.

277.—Korschefsky, 1931, p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

No specimens have been recognized with certainty

as belonging to this species and I have not been

able to locate the type. The Crotch collection has

two specimens labelled pilosula, one female of

Zenoria with head and prothorax missing, agreeing

fairly well with Mulsant's description, the other a

member of the genus Hyperaspis. The following

abbreviated description is taken from the first specimen in the Crotch collection and from Mulsant's

original diagnosis.

FEMALE.—Length 3.33 mm, width 2.80 mm.

Form round, slightly elongate. Color reddish yellow, pronotum paler yellowish red. Elytron sparsely

pubescent, hairs erect, average length 0.13 mm;

coarse punctures shallow, separated by their diameter, interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to

3 times their diameter, coarse punctures occurring

on disc more widely spaced; margin of elytron

broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina

nearly reaching outer margin.

TYPE LOCALITY.—"Carthagene" (Colombia) .

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—Unknown.

DISCUSSION.—This species is the only described

Zenoria in this size range that is uniformly reddish

yellow both dorsally and ventrally. It is possible

that pilosula is only another color form of subcostalis but an adequate series of subcostalis must

be examined to determine this. In the absence of

a male specimen I am leaving pilosula as a valid

species.

Mulsant (1850) stated that the type was in the

Dejean collection.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—1, locality unknown

(UMC) .

Zenoria pallida, new species

FIGURES 28, 29, 67

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.90 mm, width 3.08

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color pale yellowish white; meso- and metasternum and median

area of first abdominal sternum dark brown. Pronotum with white, semidecumbent pubescence,

average length of hairs 0.12 mm; punctures fine,

separated by their diameter or less; width to length

ratio 2.45:1.15 mm. Elytron covered with yellowish

white, semierect pubescence, average length of

hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated

by 1 to 2 times their diameter, slightly shallower on

disc, extending nearly to suture, interspersed fine

punctures separated by 4 to 5 times their diameter;

margin of elytron broadly explanate; epipleuron

with inner carina reaching outer margin. Postcoxal

line not reaching hind margin of first abdominal

sternum, outer end gradually curved cephalad.

Genitalia with basal lobe shorter than paramere,

slightly narrowed at median point, gradually narrowing to a broadly rounded apex; paramere

strongly narrowed toward apex, apex flattened

(Figures 28, 29) ; sipho curved downward before

apex, broadly recurved to acuminate apex (Figure

67).

FEMALE.—None available.

VARIATION.—Length 3.75 to 3.90 mm, width 2.98

to 3.08 mm.

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil, Santarem (UMC).

PARATYPE.—Brazil, "Amaz." (UMC).

DISCUSSION.—The immaculate dorsal surface and

large size place this species near Z. rodolioides

Crotch. Z. pallida is paler in color dorsally, the

meso- and metasternum are dark, the elytral punc-
8

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

tures much more distinct and the form obviously

less robust than rodolioides.

The type is number 14 and the paratype 16 in

the series of Z. revestita in the Crotch collection.

This species Crotch's variety £.

Zenoria rodolioides Crotch

Zenoria rodolioides Crotch, 1874, p. 277.—Korschefsky, 1931,

p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

HOLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.05 mm, width

3.42 mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color

yellowish red; pronotum, head, underside,, and legs

yellow. Pronotum covered with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.11

mm; punctures fine, separated by slightly less than

to slightly more than their diameter; width to

length ratio 2.24 to 1.01 mm. Elytron covered with

grayish white, semierect pubescence, average length

of hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated by their diameter, interspersed fine punctures

separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter, coarse

punctures not occurring on disc; margin of elytron

broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina

nearly reaching outer margin.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Brazil, Santarem.

TYFE DEPOSITORY.—University Museum, Cambridge, England.

DISCUSSION.—The combination of color and size

should distinguish rodolioides. Although the type

is a female there is little doubt that this is a valid

species. The type was loaned by the University

Museum, Cambridge.

SPECIMEN EXAMINED.—The unique type.

Zenoria delicatula Weise

Zenoria delicatula Weise, 1910, pp. 60-61.—Korschefsky, 1931,

p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

The type of Z. delicatula was loaned by the Humboldt Museum but the entire specimen was missing

except for two legs that remained glued to the

point. Xo specimen matching Weise's description

has been examined in the course of this study.

According to the original description, Z delicatula

has the same color pattern as discoidalis (Kirsch)

and is very little different except in size. Z. discoidalis is less than 3.50 mm in length, while delicatula is supposed to be 4.00 mm. The type locality

of delicatula is assumed to be Brazil although

Weise mentioned no locality. All other species

listed in his paper were collected in Brazil, nearly

all from Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, or farther

south. He received the type specimen from the

Museu Paulista in Sao Paulo. As Z. discoidalis was

described from Peru and is much smaller than

delicatula, I am assuming Z. delicatula to be a valid

species.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Brazil?

TYPE DEPOSITY.—Zoology Museum, Humboldt

University, East Berlin.

Zenoria crotchi, new species

FIGURES 4, 30, 31, 68

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.36 mm, width 2.90

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color pale

yellow; elytra with a large metallic green spot occupying discal three-fourths, covering half the

humeral callus; pronotum with basal median projection piceous (Figure 4) ; metasternum and median

area of first 3 abdominal sterna black. Pronotum

sparsely covered with yellowish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.12 mm;

punctures fine, separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter; width to length ratio 1.99:0.99 mm. Elytron covered with yellowish white, semierect pubescence, average length of hairs 0.16 mm; coarse

punctures shallow, separated by their diameter,

interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 3

times their diameter, coarse punctures extending

onto elytral disc, becoming only slightly shallower

and more widely spaced; margin of elytron broadly

explanate; epipleuron with inner carina extending

half the distance to outer margin. Postcoxal line

not reaching hind margin of first abdominal

sternum, gradually curved upward at outer end.

Male genitalia with basal lobe much shorter than

paramere, wide basally, abruptly narrowing to a

blunt apex at apical third; paramere long, broad,

a tooth present on inner margin two-thirds the

distance to apex (Figures 30, 31) : sipho with apex

missing (Figure 68) .

FEMALE.—Similar to male except last abdominal

sternum carinate medially, apex of last sternum

with a faint emargination.
NUMBER 86

41

FIGURES 28-41.—Male genitalia of Zenoria spp.: phallobasc, ventral and lateral views: 28, 29,

Z. pallida, new species; 30, 31, Z. crotchi, new species; 32, 33, Z. annularis, new species; 34, 35,

Z. schwarzi, new species; 36, 37, Z. discoidalis (Kirsch) ; 38, 39, Z. tricolor Nunenmacher; 40,

41, Z. emarginata, new species.

VARIATION.—No apparent variation in the type

series. A female I tentatively place as this species

is smaller, 3.10 mm long, the elytral spot black, not

reaching the humerus.

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil, Para. (CM, 2966).

PARATYPKS.—Total 3: 1, same data as type

(CM) ; 1 (from CM 2966), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro

(NMNH) ; 1 Brazil, Santarem (UMC).

DISCUSSION.—See discussion below for Z. annularis, new species. The male genitalia are very

distinctive. The extremely large paramere with the

inner tooth does not resemble closely any other

known member of the genus.

The paratype from the University Museum,

Cambridge, is number 8 in the series of Z. revestita

in the Crotch collection.
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Zenoria annularis, new species

FIGURES 32, 33, 70

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.40 mm, width 3.00

mm. Like Z. crotchi with the following differences:

metallic green spot on elytral disc slightly larger,

metasternum and abdomen pale yellow. Postcoxal

line extending very near hind margin of first abdominal sternum, abruptly curving cephalad at

outer end. Genitalia with phallobase short, broad;

basal lobe equal in length to paramere, broad at

base, abruptly narrowing to a blunt apex; paramere

angulate at base, tapering suddenly to a blunt

apex, sharply curved downward in lateral view

(Figures 32, 33) ; sipho with apex curved downward, attenuate tip abruptly recurved (Figure 70).

FEMALE.—Similar to male except the median

basal projection of pronotum narrowly piceous.

VARIATION.—Length 3.40 to 3.55 mm. width 3.00

to 3.10 mm. There is considerable variation in the

density of the dorsal pubescence which probably

has been caused by rubbing of the specimens.

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil; Santarem, (CM, ace. 2966).

PARATYPES.—Total 6: 3 with same data as holotype (2 in CM, 1 in NMNH); 1, Brazil, "Amaz."

(UMC) ; 2 Brazil, Santarem (UMC).

DISCUSSION.—The 3 paratypes from the University

Museum, Cambridge, are numbers 3, 7, and 11

in the series of revestita in the Crotch collection.

These plus number 8 are the specimens Crotch was

referring to when describing his color variety S of

revestita. Number 8 is crotchi, new species.

The new species Z. annularis, crotchi, and

schwarzi, and Z. discoidalis (Kirsch), Z. delicatula

Weise, and Z. tricolor Xunenmacher all have the

same basic color pattern, a spot of varying size

occupying the elytral disc and a pale pronotum.

Z. annularis and crotchi resemble each other

closely, both have the elytral spot a metallic green.

This color pattern is approached by the form of

Z. schivarzi that lacks the central red spot. In

schivarzi the elytral spot covers the humeral callus

while in the other two species only half the callus

is covered. Z. discoidalis and delicatula are quite

similar in having the elytral spot black but delicatula is described as being 4.00 mm long while discoidalis is less than 3.50 mm. The pattern of a

large elytral spot with a small red spot on the disc

occurs in both Z sclncarzi and tricolor, apparently

more consistently in tricolor. Z. tricolor has the

the large spot black, the small red spot distinctly

visible, schwarzi has the large spot metallic green,

the small red spot indistinct except under magnification.

Zenoria discoidalis (Kirsch)

FIGURES 36, 37, 71

Siola discoidalis Kirsch, 1876, p. 127

Zenoria discoidalis: Weise, 1910, p. 60.—Korschefsky, 1931,

p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

MALE.—Length 3.23 mm, width 2.60 mm. Form

round, slightly elongate. Color yellowish white,

large elytral spot, intercoxal area of mesosternum,

metasternum and median area of first two abdominal sterna black. Pronotum with sparse yellowish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average

length of hairs 0.11 mm; punctures fine, separated

by 1 to 2 times their diameter; width to length

ration 1.74:0.89 mm. Elytron with sparse yellowish

white, semierect pubescence; coarse punctures deep,

separated by less than their diameter, extending

onto elytral disc nearly to center, interspersed fine

punctures separated by 2 to 5 times their diameter;

margin of elytron broadly explanate; epipleuron

with inner carina reaching outer margin. Genitalia

with basal lobe equal in length to paramere, narrow, tapering gradually to a sharp apex; paramere

broad, emarginate before apex, a small tooth on

inner margin anterior to emargination, (Figures 36,

37) ; sipho with apex deeply emarginate (Figure

7I)

-

FEMALE.—Similar to male except pronotum with

a basal black band occupying approximately the

median one-third.

VARIATION.—Length 3.10 to 3.30 mm, width

2.58 to 2.65 mm. The elytral black spot is smaller

in some specimens, not reaching the humeral callus

at all and extending only slightly more than twothirds the distance to the elytral apex.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Peru.

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—Dresden Museum, Dresden,

Germany (may have been destroyed).

DISCUSSION.—See discussion under Z. annularis.

This species is perhaps limited to the Andean

Highlands as are so many South American coccinellids. Kirsch's types have been reported destroyed

during World War II, but from his description
NUMBER 86 11

there is little doubt that the species discussed here

is Z. discoidalis. Weise (1910) stated that he had

specimens of this species from "Itaituba, Amazonas"; this locality is in Para, on the Topajos

River. Weise's specimens were probably either Z.

annularis or crotchi.

Zenoria tricolor Nunenmacher

FIGURES 8, 38, 39, 69

Zenoria tricolor Nunenmacher, 1944, p. 144.

MALE.— Length 2.90 mm, width 2.40 mm. Form

round, slightly elongate. Color pale yellow; median

projection of pronotum black, elytra with a large

black spot occupying three-fourths of elytra, a

small, circular, brick-red spot on suture in center

of black spot (Figure 8). Pronotum with sparse,

yellowish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.10 mm; punctures fine, indistinct, separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter;

width to length ratio 1.66:0.82 mm. Elytron covered

with yellowish white, semierect pubescence, average

length of hairs 0.15 mm; coarse punctures deep,

separated by their diameter, becoming shallow and

widely spaced on disc, interspersed fine punctures

nearly absent; margin of of elytron broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina reaching the

outer margin. Genitalia with basal lobe slightly

shorter than paramere, broad at base, narrowing

slightly in apical third to a blunt, round apex;

parameres broad, curved toward each other and

nearly touching at apex; outer angle of paramere

angulate (Figures 38, 39) ; sipho with apex wide,

not attenuate (Figure 69) .

FEMALE.—Similar to male in all respects except

sexual characters.

VARIATION.—Length 2.90 to 3.00 mm, width 2.55

to 2.59 mm.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Brazil; Para, Amazon.

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—California Academy of Sciences.

Discussion.—See discussion under Z. annularis.

The type was loaned by H. B. Leech (CAS), and

proved to be a female. The color pattern, which

is quite distinctive, will serve to distinguish this

pretty little beetle from any other described species

of Zenoria. The single specimen from the Korschefsky collection, labeled "Cuba," is definitely

tricolor, but the accuracy of the locality label is

suspect.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—7 from the following

localities: Brazil, Santarem (CM, ace. 2966)

(NMNH) ; Cuba?, no further data (NMNH) .

Zenoria schwarzi, new species

FIGURES 34, 35, 72

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.05 mm, width 2.55

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color pale

yellow; metasternum slightly darker; pronotum

with median basal projection black, elytra with a

large, discal, dark metallic green spot occupying

most of elytra, a small, oval, dark red spot on

suture in the center of green spot, red extending

forward narrowly along suture to scutellum. Pronotum with sparse yellowish white, semidecumbent

pubescence, average length of hairs 0.10 mm;

punctures fine, separated by 1 to 2 times their

diameter; width to length ratio 1.85:0.71 mm. Elytron covered with yellowish white, semierect

pubescence, average lentgh of hairs 0.15 mm;

coarse punctures deep, separated by their diameter

or less, becoming shallow and widely spaced on

disc, completely absent near suture, interspersed

fine punctures separated by 1 to 3 times their

diameter; margin of elytron broadly explanate;

epipleuron with inner carina reaching outer

margin. Postcoxal line extending caudad to posterior margin of first abdominal sternum, outer

end abruptly curved cephalad. Genitalia with basal

lobe slightly shorter than paramere, broad at base,

suddenly constricted at midpoint, sides parallel to

apex, apex bluntly rounded; parameres narrowing

apically, curving slightly toward each other (Figures 34, 35) ; sipho straight before apex, tip attenuate, curved abruptly upward (Figure 72) .

FEMALE.—Similar to male in all respects except

sexual charters.

VARIATION.—Length 2.95 to 3.10 mm, width 2.45

to 2.65 mm. Some specmens have the elytral red

spot missing entirely except for a very narrow

area along the suture. In these specimens the elytron, except a narrow outside pale band, is entirely dark green. The pronotum may or may not

have the median basal projection black. This is

not a sexual difference as is often the case in other

species of Zenoria.
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

54

FIGURES 42-55.—Male genitalia of Zenoria spp.: phallobase, ventral and lateral views: 42, 43,

Z. circumcincta, new species; 44, 45, Z. variabilis, new species; 46, 47, Z. revestita Mulsant; 48,

49, Z. similaris, new species; 50, 51, Z. serva, new species; 52, 53, Z. patula, new species; 54, 55,

Z. nigra, new species.

HOLOTYPE.—Panama; Porto Bello, 18—2 [II]—11,

E. A. Schwarz coll., on Musaceae (NMNH 70928)'.

PARATYPES.—Total 9. 2, same data as holotype

(NMNH); 2, Panama, Porto Bello, 15-11-11,

17-11-11, E. A. Schwarz (NMNH): 2-Panama,

Porto Bello, 27-11-11, 19-11-11, A. Busck (NMNH) : 3-Panama, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado,

May 1929, Darlington (MCZ) .

DISCUSSION.—See under Z. annularis, above.

Zenoria circumcincta, new species

FIGURES 7, 42, 43, 73

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.45 mm, width 2.90

mm. form round, slightly elongate. Color pale yellow, metasternum slightly darker; elytra with a

large black spot occupying discal three-fourths, a

large obovate yellowish red spot on suture, widest

posterior to middle, ending at a point anterior to
NUMBER 86 13

the middle. Pronotum with sparse yellowish white,

semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs

0.09 mm; punctures fine separated by 1 to 2

times their diameter; width to length ratio 1.99:0.89

mm. Elytron covered with sparse yellowish white,

semierect pubescence, average length of hairs 0.13

mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated by their diameter, not occurring on discal area, interspersed

fine punctures sparse, separated by 1 to 5 times

their diameter; margin of elytron broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina reaching outer

margin. Postcoxal line extending caudad and out

nearly to hind margin of first abdominal sternum,

outer end abruptly curved cephalad. Genitalia with

basal lobe slightly shorter than paramere, broad at

base, gradually narrowing to a blunt rounded apex;

parameres narrow, close together, parallel (Figures

42, 43) ; sipho straight before apex, curved downward, abruptly recurved (Figure 73).

FEMALE.-—Similar to male except median fourth

of pronotum black from base to apex (Figure 7) .

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil, "Amaz." (UMC) .

PARATYPE.—Brazil, Santarem (UMC) .

DISCUSSION.—The elytra give the appearance of

having 3 rings of color, the outer yellow, median

black, and inner ring red. Some females of Z. emarginata, new species, have the same type of pattern.

The holotype and paratype are both in the Crotch,

collection, the holotype is number 2 and the paratype 13 in the series of Z. revestita. Crotch based

his color variety e of revestita on these two

specimens.

Zenoria variabilis, new species

FIGURES ], 2, 3, 44, 45, 75

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.90 mm, width 3.00

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color pale

yellowish white; mesosternum, metasternum, and

median area of first 2 abdominal sterna black, elytron with a small brown spot on disc near suture

(Figure 2). Pronotum with white, semidecumbent

pubescence, average length of hairs 0.12 mm; punctures fine, separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter;

width to length ratio 2.10:1.05 mm. Elytron covered

with white semierect pubescence, average length of

hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated

by their diameter or less, becoming shallower and

more widely spaced toward disc, completely absent

near suture, interspersed fine punctures separated

by 1 to 3 times their diameter; margin of elytron

broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina

reaching outer margin. Postcoxal line extending

caudad nearly to hind margin of first abdominal

sternum, outer end abruptly curved cephalad.

Genitalia with basal lobe equal in length to paramere, very broad basally, tapering to a point

apically; paramere strongly curved downward, a

large inner tooth present at apex (Figures 44, 45);

sipho sinuate before apex, apex slightly curved upward, extruded internal sac with a cluster of teeth

(Figure 75) .

FEMALE.—Similar to male in all respects except

sexual characteristics.

VARIATION.—Length 3.85 to 4.00 mm, width 2.96

to 3.02 mm.The dorsal color pattern is subject to

a good deal of variation. The majority of the

specimens examined had the color pattern as described for the holotype, but 9 specimens are

colored as in Figure 3 and 3 as in Figure 1: these

two patterns may be sexually related to some degree; the 2 males in this group both have the pronotum immaculate as in the typical form.

HOLOTYPE.—Peru, Satipo, IX-X-1942 Paprzycki

(NMNH 70929).

PARATYPES.—Total 49: 15, same data as holotype;

34, Peru, Satipo, XI 1941, V-VI 1942, X 1942,

XI 1942, VII-V1II 1942, V-VI 1942, all in NMNH.

DISCUSSION.—This species does not resemble

closely any known species of Zenoria. The color

patterns, although variable, are found only in

variabilis. The male genitalia with the large tooth

on the paramere are also distinctive.

Zenoria emarginata, new species

FIGURES 6, 21, 40, 41, 76

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.00 mm, width 2.55

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color pale yellow; tip of basal median projection of pronotum,

elytron except narrow outer band, meso- and

metasternum black. Pronotum with grayish white,

semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs

0.11 mm; punctures fine, separated by 1 to 2 times

their diameter; width to length ratio 1.80:0.84

mm. Elytron covered with grayish white, semierect
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

pubescence, average length o£ hairs 0.15 mm; coarse

punctures deep, separated by their diameter or less,

becoming shallow and widly spaced on disc, absent

near suture, interspersed fine punctures separated

by 1 to 3 times their diameter; margin of elytron

broadly explanate; epipleuron with inner carina

extending less than half the distance to outer

margin. Postcoxal line nearly reaching hind margin

of first abdominal sternum, outer end abruptly

curved cephalad (Figure 21) . Genitalia with basal

lobe long, equal in length to paramere, gradually

narrowing from near base to rounded apex; paramere long, curved downward at tip (Figures 40,

41) ; sipho curved downward before apex, apex recurved, acuminate (Figure 76).

FEMALE.—Similar to male except pronotum

black, narrow anterior margin yellow; elytron

black except faint yellow traces on margin at

humerus and apex. Last ventral sternum strongly

emarginate (Figure 21).

VARIATION.—Length 2.93 to 3.00 mm, width 2.50

to 2.57 mm. In addition to the sexual variation

noted above, two kinds of color patterns have been

observed in females, as follows: 1, pronotum yellow

with a wide median, longitudinal black band from

base to apex; elytra with a narrow yellow ring,

second ring wide, brown, third ring narrow, yellow,

and a dark brown discal spot; 2, pronotum yellow;

elytra with a narrow, yellow, marginal ring, second

ring wide, brown, discal area yellow (Figure 6).

HOLOTYPE.—British West Indies, Trinidad, St.

Augustine, February 1941, F. J. Simmonds

(NMNH) 70930).

PARATYPES.—Total 18. 3, same data as holotype;

15-Trinidad, April 1951, March 1951, and St. Augustine, April 1951, 13 December 1950, F. J. Simmonds; Port-of-Spain, Dept. Agr. Grounds, 24

October 1918, Harold Morrison (A818) ; Port-ofSpain, K. A. Bartlett (P. R. 2238) ; all in NMNH.

DISCUSSION.—This is the only described species

of Zenoria with the female last visible ventral

sternum deeply emarginate. The extreme color

variation in some specimens may possibly be related to maturity. In all cases observed, where the

color pattern differed from the typical, the specimens were teneral to some degree.

Z. emarginata has been recorded feeding on

Asterolecanium sp. and on Aspidiotus destructor

Signoret on coconut.

Zenoria revestita Mulsant

FIGURES 9, 46, 47, 77

Zenoria revestita Mulsant, 1850, p. 900.—Crotch, 1874, pp.

277-278.—Korschefsky, 1931, p. 108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p.

443.

LECTOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.30 mm, width 3.00

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color black

(Figure 9) ; anterior margin and angles of pronotum, head, antenna, mouthparts, underside of pronotum, last three abdominal sterna and legs pale

yellow. Pronotum covered with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.11

mm; punctures fine, separated by 2 to 4 times their

diameter; width to length ratio 1.96:0.98 mm. Elytro covered with grayish white, semidecumbent

pubescence, average length of hairs 0.13 mm, discal

fourth with dark-brown pubescence; coarse punctures deep, separated by less than their diameter,

interspersed fine punctures separated by 2 to 4 times

their diameter, coarse punctures becoming widely

separated, shallow on discal fourth; margin of elytron abruptly reflexed, feebly sinuate in lateral view;

epipleuron with inner carina reaching less than

half the distance to outer margin. Genitalia with

basal lobe equal in length to paramere, narrowed

at middle, tapering to a blunt point; paramere

flattened on underside medially, broad (Figures

46, 47) ; sipho bent downward slightly at tip, apex

fine, acuminate (Figure 77).

FEMALE.—Similar to male except head, anterior

angles and underside of pronotum, front and middle legs (except tarsi) , and hind femur black.

VARIATION.—Length 3.00 to 3.30 mm, width

2.60 to 3.00 mm. Some male specimens have the

metafemur black as in the female. Females may

have the metatibia black, as least basally.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Brazil.

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—University Museum, Cambridge, England (lectotype here designated).

DISCUSSION.—Z. revestita is one of several species

having the dorsal surface black with an apparently

nonpubescent spot on the elytral disc. This illusion

is caused by the hairs being dark brown and difficult to see against the black background. The

coarse punctures are much shallower and less

dense on the disc than around the margin.

Crotch (1874) included 16 specimens under this

name in his collection. Crotch considered them
NUMBER 86 15

all to be revestita and described six color varieties,

giving them Greek letters.

Since no type has been formally designated, I

hereby designate the first specimen in the series

of revestita in the Crotch collection as the lectotype.

Zenoria similaris, new species

FIGURES 48, 49, 74

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.48 mm, width 2.95

mm. Form round, elytron slightly narrower and

elongate posterior to middle. Color black; broad

anterior and lateral margins of pronotum, head

and mouthparts, underside of pronotum, legs, and

abdomen yellow; discal area of elytra appearing

shiny, black, nonpubescent. Pronotum covered with

grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average

length of hairs 0.12 mm; punctures fine, separated

by 1 to 3 times their diameter; width to length

ratio 2.01:0.91 mm. Elytron covered with dense

grayish white, semierect pubescence, discal area

with pubescence dark brown, average length of

hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures deep, separated by

their diameter or less, not extending onto discal

area, interspersed fine punctures separated by 1

to 2 times their diameter; margin of elytron

broadly explanate, strongly sinuate in lateral view;

epipleuron with inner carina extending half the

distance to outer margin. Postcoxal line extending

caudad nearly to hind margin of first abdominal

sternum, outer end abruptly curved cephalad.

Genitalia with basal lobe longer than paramere,

tapering from near base to bluntly rounded apex;

paramere short, narrow, gradually curved downward at apex (Figures 48, 49) ; sipho sinuate before

apex, curved down and outward, acuminate (Figure 74).

FEMALE.—Similar to male except a very narrow

anterior pronotal margin yellow, underside of pronotum and prosternum black.

VARIATION.—Length 3.43 to 3.51 mm, width 2.91

to 2.98 mm. The basal black area of pronotum

covers between two-thirds and three-fourths of

pronotal area, apical border may be emarginate

with yellow medially. The discal area of the elytra

has a narrow band of grayish white pubescence

separating the dark discal spot in half on typical

specimens, giving the appearance of a small round

dark spot on each elytron. On many of the examples in the type series this narrow band is missing,

the dark area being one large central spot.

HOLOTYPE.—Colombia, Palmira, 26-1-41, Murillo 84 (NMNH 70931).

PARATYPES.—Total 38. 1, same data as holotype.

Colombia: 9, Palmira, 15-V-39, Murillo 5022,

18-V-39, Murillo 5252, 27-1-41, Murillo 5454,

5369; 1, Garzon, 28-111-39, Murillo 5074; 1,

Manizales, 13-11-41, Murillo 13; 1, Cauca, Puerto

Tejada, 23-V-39, Murillo 5265; 7, Candelaria,

30-1-41, Murillo 33, and 31-1-41, Murillo 5494;

9, Buga, 4-II-41, Murillo 35, 5395, 6-II-41, Murillo 1, 2, and 8-II-41, Murillo 27 (NMNH); 4,

Rio Frio, Magdalena, Darlington; 2, Sevilla,

Darlington (MCZ) . Mexico: 1, Orizaba, 1-IV10, F. C. Bowditch (MCZ) ; 1, Veracruz, Cordoba,

13-VIII-1964, Paul J. Spangler; 1, Veracruz,

Nacimiento de Rio Atojal 13-VII-65, A. B. Lau

(NMNH).

DISCUSSION.—Z. similaris superfically resembles

revestita, but similaris has the margin of the elytron

broadly explanate and strongly sinuate in lateral

view, male pronotum with at least a fourth of area

yellow, and male genitalia with basal lobe distinctly

longer than paramere.

Z. similaris and all the following species except

carinatus, new species, have the strongly sinuate,

broadly explanate lateral margin of the elytron.

The general appearance of these species is that of

a more elongate, broader insect than the preceding species.

Zenoria serva, new species

FiciRES 50, 51, 78

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.58 mm, width 3.20

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color black;

anterior and lateral margins of pronotum, head

and mouthparts, posternum, legs and abdomen

yellow. Pronotum with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.13 mm;

punctures fine, separated, by 1 to 3 times their

diameter; width to length ratio 2.13:1.06 mm. Elytron covered with grayish white, semierect pubescence, discal area with pubescence dark brown,

average length of hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures

deep, separated by their diameter or slightly more,

not extending onto discal area; interspersed fine

punctures separated by 2 to 5 times their diameter;
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 56-65.—Male genitalia of Zenoria spp.: phallobase, ventral and lateral views: 56, 57,

Z. linteolata Mulsant; 58, 59, Z. flavicollis, new species; 60, 61, Z. paprzyckii, new species; 62,

63, Z. discrepa, new species; 64, 65, Z. major Crotch.

margin of elytron broadly explanate, strongly sinuate; epipleuron with inner carina extending less

than half the distance to outer margin. Post-coxal

line extending caudad nearly to hind margin of

first abdominal sternum, outer end abruptly curved

cephsalad. Genitalia with basal lobe shorter than

paramere, broad at base, sides rounded, tapering

to apical third, sides gradually narrowing to

rounded point; paramere gradually curved downward at apex, broad at base, tapering to narrow

apex (Figures 50, 51) ; sipho sinuate before apex,

tip acuminate (Figure 78).

FEMALE.—Not known.

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil, Sao Paulo, Campinas, F. C.

Comargo (NMNH) 70932).

DISCUSSION.—Z. seiua is another species with the

revestita type of color pattern and most nearly resembling Z. patula, new species. These three are

the only Zenoria examined from southern Brazil.

Z. revestita is easily separated by the characters
NUMBER 86 17

previously discussed. The other two species are

distinguished with certainty only by the male

genitalia. The slight color and size differences may

not prove to be valid when a series of each species

is available.

Zenoria patula, new species

FIGURES 52, 53, 79

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.90 mm, width 3.40

mm. Like Z. scrva, with the following differences:

pronotum with black area not extending to posterolateral angles, extending to within 0.20 mm of

anterior margin medially. Genitalia with basal lobe

equal in length to paramere, wide at base, abruptly

narrowing at basal third, sides parallel to rounded

apex (Figures 52, 53) ; sipho bent downward

slightly before apex, tip acuminate (Figure 79).

FEMALE.—Not known.

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil, Minas Gerais, Vicosa, 6-

VIII-33, E. J. Hambleton (NMNH 70933) .

DISCUSSION.—Z. patula is 0.60 mm longer than

serva. The yellow on the pronotum is reduced in

Z. serva, not reaching the posterolateral angles and

present only as a narrow band along the anterior

margin. The only specimen available of each

species was a male therefore the pronotal color

differences may have some specific value.

Zenoria nigra, new species

FIGURES 54, 55, 80

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 3.30 mm, width 2.75

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Color black;

pronotum (except basal median area) , head,

mouthparts, legs and abdomen yellow; meso- and

metasternum and anterior fourth of epipleuron

brown to piceous; discal area of elytra appearing

shiny black, nonpubescent. Pronotum covered with

grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average

length of hairs 0.12 mm; punctures fine, separated

by 1 to 2 times their diameter; width to length

ratio 1.90:0.87 mm. Elytron covered with grayish

white, semierect pubescence, discal area with pubescence dark brown, average length of hairs 0.15 mm;

coarse punctures deep, separated by 1 to 2 times

their diameter; margin of elytron broadly explanate, strongly sinuate in lateral view; epipleuron

with inner carina extending less than half the distance to outer margin. Postcoxal line extending

caudad nearly to hind margin of first abdominal

sternum, outer end gradually curved cephalad.

Genitalia, with basal lobe much longer than paramere, gradually narrowing from base to bluntly

rounded apex; paramere short, abruptly curved

downward (Figures 54, 55) ; sipho sinuate before

apex, tip straight, acuminate (Figure 80) .

FEMALE.—Similar to male except a narrow anterior and anterolateral margin of pronotum, mesoand metasternum, and epipleuron black.

VARIATION.—Length 3.28 to 3.32 mm, width 2.74

to 2.78. The black area of the male pronotum

varies from a small median basal spot to a band

extending half way to the anterior margin and

nearly to the lateral angles. Meso- and metasternum

and epipleuron brown in some specimens.

HOLOTYPE.—Panama, Porto Bello, 18-2-11, E. A.

Schwarz coll., on Musaceae (NMNH 70944).

PARATYPES.—Total 10, Panama: 7, XX Plantation, Blackwelder coll., 2-9-30, 4 Feb., 1930; 1,

Porto Bello, "Mar. 11," E. A. Schwarz; 1, Canal

Zone, Frijoles, Wheeler; 1, Tobago Is., 21, 22 Sept.

1918, H. F. Dietz (G-239). All paratypes in

NMNH collection.

DISCUSSION.—The small size, male genitalia and

distribution should distinguish Z. nigra from other

members of the revestita group. It most nearly resembles Z. emarginata in size and color pattern.

The discal spot is not divided at the suture and

extends forward nearly to the scutellum.

Zenoria linteolata Mulsant

FIGURES 56, 57, 81

Zenoria linteolata Mulsant, 1850, p. 901.—Crotch, 1874, p.

277.

Zenoria lineolata: Korschefsky, 1931. p. 108.—Blackwelder,

1945, p. 443 (error) .

FEMALE.—Length 3.80 mm, width 3.33 mm.

Form round, slightly elongate. Color black; elytra

dark metallic green; narrow anterior and lateral

pronotal margins, head and mouthparts, prosternum, legs, and abdomen yellow. Pronotum

covered with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.10 mm; punctures

fine, separated by less than their diameter; width

to length ratio 2.18:1.05 mm. Elytron with grayish

white, semierect pubescence, discal area with pubescence dark brown, average length of hairs 0.13
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

mm; coarse punctures deep, separated by less than

their diameter, not extending onto discal area,

interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 2

times their diameter; margin of elytron broadly

explanate, strongly sinuate; epipleuron with inner

carina extending half the distance to outer margin.

MALE.—Similar to female except for the follow

ing differences: length 4.00 mm, width 3.60 mm;

pronotum with basal three-fourths black, anterior

margin of black area briefly emarginate with yellow on each side of middle; genitalia with basal

lobe slender, parallel-sided to rounded tip, equal

in length to paramere, paramere strongly curved

downward, flared laterally near base (Figures 56,

57), sipho long, slightly sinuate before apex, tip

acuminate (Figure 81).

TYPE LOCALITY.—Brazil.

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—Unknown.

DISCUSSION.—The female description above was

taken from two specimens in the Crotch collection,

numbers 4 and 9 in the series of Z. revestita. Crotch

synonymized Z. linteolata under revestita and described it as color variety y. During the course of

this study, a male specimen I believe to be conspecific with these two females was examined and

described above. The unusual combination of

metallic-green elytra and black pronotum as well

as the relatively large size and male genitalia distinguish this species. The genitalia are of the same

type as those of Z. paprzyckii, new species, indicating a closer relationship than is apparent from

external appearance. I have been unable to locate

the type specimen of this species. Mulsant (1850)

states that it was in the Mocquerys collection.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Brazil. Para, Santarem.

British Guiana. Bartica District, Kartabo.

Zenoria flavicollis, new species

FIGURES 58, 59, 82

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 4.00 mm, width 3.32

mm. Form round, slightly elongate. Elytron dark

metallic green except a small yellow spot on

humeral margin; pronotum yellow except basal

median projection black; head and mouthparts,

prosternum, legs, and abdomen yellow; meso- and

metasternurn and epipleuron black. Pronotum with

grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average

length of hairs 0.12 mm; punctures fine, separated

by 1 to 3 times their diameter; width to length

ratio 2.63:1.08 mm. Elytron covered with grayish

white, semierect pubescence, discal area with pubescence dark brown, average length of hairs 0.16 mm;

coarse punctures deep, separated by their diameter,

not extending onto discal area, interspersed fine

punctures separated by 1 to 3 times their diameter;

margin of elytron broadly explanate, strongly

sinuate; epipleuron with inner carina extending

slightly less than half the distance to outer margin.

Postcoxal line distinctly removed from hind margin of first abdominal sternum, gradually curving

cephalad at outer end. Genitalia with phallobase

short; basal lobe subequal in length to paramere,

abruptly narrowing from base to basal third, apical

two-thirds with sides parallel to nearly truncate

apex, thick in lateral view at base; paramere

strongly curved downward apically, outer margin

flared at base, parameres widely, evenly separated

from base to apex (Figures 58, 59) ; sipho slightly

bent downyard before apex, tip straight, acuminate

(Figure 82).

FEMALE.—Not known.

VARIATION.—The paratype differs from the holotype in having the black spot on the basal median

projection of the pronotum larger, extending onto

the pronotal disc, and the elytra lacking the yellow

spot on the humeral margin.

HOLOTYPE.—Brazil. Ega (UMC) .

PARATYPE.—1, same data as holotype.

DISCUSSION.—The two specimens studied are

numbers 5 and 10 in the series of Z. revestita in

the Crotch collection and represent Crotch's color

variety «. Z. flavicollis most nearly resembles linteolata both in external appearance and male

genitalia. Z. linteolata has the basal lobe more

slender, elongate, narrower in lateral view and the

parameres nearly touching apically. In flavicollis

the basal lobe is not as slender, quite thick in

lateral view, especially basally, and the parameres

are widely separated from base to apex.

Zenoria paprzyckii, new species

FICURES5, 60, 61, 83

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 4.20 mm, width 3.35

mm. Form round, elongate. Color black (Figure

5) ; anterior half of pronotum, head and mouthparts, posternum, legs, and abdomen pale yellow.

Pronotum covered with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.10
NUMBER 86 19

mm; punctures fine, separated by 1 to 4 times their

diameter; width to length ratio 2.35:1.01 mm. Elytron covered with dense grayish white pubescence,

discal area with pubescence dark brown, average

length of hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures deep,

dense, separated by less than their diameter, extending onto discal area, absent near suture, interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 4 times

their diameter; margin of elytron broadly explanate, strongly sinuate; epipleuron with inner carina

extending slightly less than half the distance to

outer margin. Postcoxal line distinctly removed

from hind margin of first abdominal sternum,

outer end abruptly bent cephalad. Genitalia with

phallobase short; basal lobe slightly longer than

paramere, narrow, strongly narrowed near base,

sides parallel in apical third to rounded apex;

paramere strongly curved downward, outer margin

widely flared near base (Figures 60, 61) ; sipho

emarginate on undersides in apical tenth, apex

acuminate (Figure 83).

FEMALE.—Similar to male except pronotum with

a very narrow anterior and anterolateral margin

pale yellow; frons with a black spot of varying size;

prosternum black.

VARIATION.—Length 4.08 to 4.22 mm, width 3.33

to 3.70 mm. The anterior margin of the pronotal

black spot is usually emarginate with yellow medially, either feebly or strongly so, and the spot

approaches to within 0.20 to 0.30 mm of the lateral

margin. The area of dark pubescence on the elytra

is not divided at the suture and in some specimens

extends as far forward as the base of the pronotum.

HOLOTYPE.—Peru, Satipo, "IX-X-1942, "Paprzycki (NMNH 70945).

PARATYPES.—Total 300, Peru. Satipo, Paprzycki,

VIII 1941, XI 1941, V-VI 1942, VIII 1942, X 1942,

XI, 1942, VII-VIII 1942, IX-X 1942, VIII 1942;

all in NMNH.

DISCUSSION.—The large size and Z. revestita-type

color pattern distinguish paprzyckii. The male

genitalia are of a type approached only by the

genitalia of Z. linteolata and flavicollis.

Zenoria discrepa, new species

FIGURES 62, 63, 84

HOLOTYPE MALE.—Length 4.83 mm, width 4.00

mm. Form round, broad, elongate posteriorly.

Color black; anterior and lateral margins of pronotum, head and mouthparts, underside of pronotum, prosternum, legs, and abdomen yellow;

median area of metasternum reddish brown. Pronotum with grayish white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length of hairs 0.10 mm; punctures

fine, separated by 2 to 4 times their diameter; width

to length ratio 2.80:1.42 mm. Elytron covered with

grayish white, semierect pubescence, discal area

with pubescence dark brown, average length of

hairs 0.16 mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated

by their diameter or less, not extending onto

discal area, interspersed fine punctures separated

by 1 to 3 times their diameter; margin of elytron

broadly explanate, strongly sinuate; epipleuron

with inner carina extending a third the distance

to outer margin. Postcoxal line not reaching hind

margin of first abdominal sternum, outer end gradually curved cephalad. Genitalia with basal lobe

slightly shorter than paramere, very broad in basal

half, abruptly narrowing anterior to middle, sides

parallel to nearly truncate apex; parameres flared

at base, tapering to a narrow apex, contiguous at

apex (Figures 62, 63) ; sipho sinuate before apex,

tip stout, pointed (Figure 84).

FEMALE.—Similar to male except anterior and

lateral margins of pronotum very narrowly yellow,

underside of pronotum partially black.

VARIATION.—Length 4.80 to 4.83 mm, width 3.90

to 4.00 mm. The dark discal area of the elytra

may extend anteriorly nearly to the scutellum and

on one specimen is divided into two parts by a

narrow line of grayish white pubescence along the

suture.

HOLOTYPE.—Colombia, Caqueza, 8-XII-40, Murillo 5437 (NMNH 70946).

PARATYPES.—Total 2, Panama Canal Zone, Barro

Colorado Is., "I-III-44, Z-5123" (NMNH).

DISCUSSION.—This is the largest know species of

Zenoria. The color pattern is of the revestita type

with the usual reduction of the yellow color in the

female.

Zenoria major Crotch

FIGURES 10, 64, 65, 85

Zenoria major Crotch, 1874, p. 278.—Korschefsky, 1931, p.

108.—Blackwelder, 1945, p. 443.

LECTOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.75 mm, width

4.05 mm. Form broad, round, elongate posteriorly.
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

76

FIGURES 66-77.—Male genitalia of Zenoria spp.: sipho, lateral view: 66, Z. subcostalis Mulsant;

67, Z. pallida, new species; 68, Z. crotchi, new species; 69 Z. tricolor Nunenmacher; 70, Z.

annularis, new species; 71, Z. discoidalis (Kirsch) ; 72, Z. schwarzi, new species; 73, Z. circuincincta, new species; 74, Z. similaris, new species; 75, Z. variabilis, new species; 76, Z. emarginata,

new species; 77, Z. rei>estita Mulsant.

Color pale yellow; elytron dark metallic green;

pronotum except narrow anterior margin, mesosternum, and epipleuron black. Pronotum with

grayish white, seinidecumbent pubescence, average

length of hairs 0.13 mm; punctures fine, separated

by 1 to 4 times their diameter; width to length

ratio 2.71: 1.31 mm. Elytron covered with grayish

white, semierect pubescence, discal area with some

pubescence dark brown, average length of hairs

0.16 mm; coarse punctures shallow, separated by

their diameter, extending onto discal area nearly

to suture, interspersed fine punctures separated by

1 to 3 times their diameter; margin of elytron

broadly explanate, strongly sinuate; epipleuron

with inner carina extending less than half the distance to outer margin. Postcoxal line extending

caudad nearly to hind margin of first abdominal

sternum, outer end abruptly curved cephalad.

MALE.—Pronotum yellow except a median basal

area black (Figure 10) . Genitalia as in discrepa.
NUMBER 86 21

basal lobe not as wide, emarginate at apex; parameres separate, not contiguous at apex (Figures 64,

65) ; sipho as in discrepa (Figure 85) .

VARIATION.—Length 4.30 to 4.75 mm, width 3.94

to 4.05 mm. Black pronotal area of male may be

expanded nearly to lateral margin.

TYPE LOCALITY.—Brazil, Santarem.

TYPE DEPOSITORY.—University Museum, Cambridge, England (lectotype here designated).

DISCUSSION.—Although the lectotype and another

specimen in the Crotch collection are females, I

am placing the male specimen described above as

this species, since in all respects except sex and

pronotal color, the specimens appear to be conspecific.

Z. major and discrepa form a group within the

genus characterized by the broad elongate form,

large size, and male genitalia. The elytra are widest

anterior to the middle, while in the other members

of the genus they are widest at the middle. The

very broad basal lobe of the male genitalia is a

character peculiar to these two species.

85

FIGURES 78-85.—Male genitalia of Zenoria spp.: sipho, lateral view: 78, Z. serva, new species;

79, Z. patula, new species; 80, Z. nigra, new species; 81, Z. linteolata Mulsant; 82, Z. flavicollis,

new species; 83, Z. paprzyckii, new species; 84, Z. discrepa, new species; 85, Z. major Crotch.
22

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

The male specimen from the UMC is number

6 in the series of Z revestita in the Crotch collection and was described by him as color variety /?.

The original Crotch type series of Z. major was

comprised of three specimens, two females and a

third specimen belonging to a genus in the Exoplectrini near Exoplectra. The first female is here

designated as the lectotype.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—4 from the following localities in Brazil: Ega (UMC), Santarem (UMC),

Para (MCZ).

PARATYPE.—1, same data as holotype.

DISCUSSION.—This species is easily recognized by

the round, convex form and descending epipleuron,

as well as the carinae on the female last ventral

sternum. These two carinae are on the inside of

the sternum, but give the impression of being one

wide, external carina in specimens that are not

dissected. The overall length of a species of

Zenoria is usually 0.50 mm or more greater than

the width, but in carinata the difference is only

0.20 mm.

Zenoria carinata, new species

HOLOTYPE FEMALE.—Length 4.00 mm, width

3.80 mm. Form round, convex. Color black; narrow anterior margin of pronotum, lateral margin

of vertex, mouthparts, legs, and abdomen yellow;

elytron dark metallic green. Pronotum with grayish

white, semidecumbent pubescence, average length

of hairs 0.11 mm; punctures fine, separated by 1

to 3 times their diameter; width to length ratio

2.41:1.15. Elytron covered with grayish white, semierect pubescence, discal area with pubescent dark

brown, average length of hairs 0.15 mm; coarse

punctures shallow, separated by their diameter or

slightly less, not extending onto discal area, interspersed fine punctures separated by 1 to 4 times

their diameter; margin of elytron narrowly,

abruptly explanate, very slightly sinuate in lateral

view; epipleuron descending externally, inner

carina extending less than half the distance to

outer margin. Postcoxal line extending caudad

nearly to hind margin of first abdominal sternum,

outer end abruptly curved cephalad. Fifth abdominal sternum with 2 short, internal carinae at

apical third.

MALE.—Not known.

VARIATION.—No apparent variation in the type

series.

HOLOTYPE.—Surinam, Paramaribo, April 1951,

F. J. Simmonds (NMNH 70947).

Literature Cited

Blackwelder, R. E.

1945. Checklist of the Coleopterous Insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America,

Part 3. United States National Museum Bulletin

185, 188 pages.

Chapuis, F.

1876. Families des phytophages des erotyliens des endomychides et des coccinellides. Volume 12, pages 1-

424 in J. T. Lacordaire, Histoire naturelle des insects. Genera des coleopteres.

Crotch, G. R.

1874. A Revision of the Coleopterous Family Coccinellidae. 311 pages. London.

Kirsch, T. F. W.

1876. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Peruanischen Kaferfauna

auf Dr. Abendroth's Sammlungen basirt. Deutsche

Entomologische Zeitschrift, 20:81-133.

Korschefsky, Richard

1931. Pars 118, Coccinellidae I. Volume 16, pages 1-224,

in Coleopterorum Catalogus.

Mulsant, E.

1850. Species de coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, Lyon,

2(2) : 1-1104.

Nunenmacher, F. W.

1944. Studies among the Coccinellidae—No. 9 (Coleoptera.) Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 20:144-146.

Weise, J.

1910. Aufzaehlung von Coccinellen aus clem Museu Paullista. Revista do Museu Paulista, 7:54-63.

•it u.s. oo\
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