J-S30034-21

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN RE: J.L., AN ALLEGED 

INCAPACITATED PERSON

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 582 MDA 2021

Appeal from the Order Entered April 16, 2021

In the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County Orphans' Court at No(s): 

2021-0271

BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., McCAFFERY, J., and COLINS, J.*

MEMORANDUM BY COLINS, J.: FILED JANUARY 7, 2022

Appellant, J.L., appeals an order of the Orphans’ Court Division of the 

Court of Common Pleas of Centre County (Orphans’ Court) adjudicating him

to be an incapacitated person and appointing a guardian for his person. For 

the reasons set forth below, we vacate and remand.

Appellant is a 57-year-old inmate incarcerated at the State Correctional 

Institution at Rockview (SCI-Rockview) who suffers from dementia. On April 

13, 2021, Richard Ellers, the Corrections Health Care Administrator for SCIRockview, filed a Petition for Adjudication of Incapacity and Appointment of a 

Limited Guardian of the Person with the Orphans’ Court seeking an 

adjudication that Appellant is an incapacitated person under 20 Pa.C.S. §§

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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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5511 and 5512.1 and seeking appointment of himself as guardian of the 

person of Appellant.

On April 16, 2021, the Orphans’ Court held a hearing at which Ellers 

testified and Appellant, represented by counsel, spoke. Ellers testified to his 

responsibilities and interaction with inmates as SCI-Rockview’s healthcare 

administrator and to his willingness to serve as Appellant’s guardian, and

testified that he serves as guardian for several other inmates and has 

experience and training as a licensed nursing home administrator. N.T. at 3-

8. With respect to the issue of whether Appellant was incapacitated, Ellers 

testified that Appellant 

most times is pleasant in his demeanor. He’s not aggressive in 

any nature. However, he does at times have difficulty 

understanding what we might be trying to explain to him and also 

the long-term ramifications of the decisions that we might be 

making. Therefore, our providers wanted us to pursue this 

authority to work with him and help make decisions and make 

sure his welfare is protected.

Id. at 5. Ellers testified that he attempted to contact Appellant’s relatives 

concerning guardianship for Appellant and that he spoke to Appellant’s sister, 

but that the other relative, Appellant’s nephew, did not return his call. Id. at 

6, 8. Ellers testified that Appellant’s sister was willing for Ellers to serve as 

Appellant’s guardian, but did not testify that she was unwilling or unable to 

serve as Appellant’s guardian. Ellers testified:

[Appellant’s sister] and I had a lengthy conversation about the 

proceedings, and we discussed her involvement, and she agreed. 

She said it would be sufficient that we would handle these 

responsibilities in his best interest.
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Id. at 6. Ellers was unsure whether Appellant had an advance healthcare 

directive and thought that Appellant may have designated his sister to make 

medical decisions for him, testifying:

Q. Does [Appellant] have any advanced healthcare directives, or 

has he designated anyone to serve as a surrogate over his medical 

care?

A. I have to check his current records. I believe his sister is 

designated as his -- for the advanced directive and notification of 

next of kin.

Id. at 7. 

An expert report of SCI-Rockview’s medical director, Vernon H. Preston, 

M.D., was admitted with Appellant’s agreement pursuant Pa.O.C.R. 14.3.1 In 

that report, Dr. Preston opined that Appellant had moderate to severe 

dementia, that Appellant’s “short term memory does not allow him to 

understand long term decisions” and that he was totally impaired in his ability 

to give informed consent or make medical decisions for himself. Preston 

Expert Report at 2-5. Dr. Preston also opined in his report that Appellant 

needs some help but is not totally impaired in communicating decisions. Id.

at 3. Dr. Preston stated in his report that the last time he saw and evaluated 

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1 The Petition for Adjudication of Incapacity and Appointment of a Limited 

Guardian of the Person purported to attach this report, but instead attached 

an expert report concerning a different SCI-Rockview inmate. This error was 

corrected by a Notice of Errata filed two days before the hearing and it appears 

from the Orphans’ Court opinion that the report admitted at the hearing was 

the expert report concerning Appellant, not the report erroneously attached 

to the petition. 
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Appellant was in July 2020, approximately nine months before the incapacity 

and guardianship hearing. Id. at 2. While the expert report listed tests that 

had been administered to determine Appellant’s cognitive abilities, it reported 

only the scores of those tests and did not provide the test results, contrary to 

the requirements of the Orphans’ Court Rules and the instructions on the 

expert report form, which direct the expert to attach the test results. Id.; 

see also Pa.O.C.R. 14.3 (providing for admission of report “of an expert using 

the form provided in the Appendix to these rules”); Pa.O.C.R. Form G-06,

Question No. 6c (directing the expert to “[a]ttach test results, not just the 

score”). Dr. Preston also noted as relevant to the court’s determination of 

incapacity that Appellant was “willing to have a guardian appointed to help 

him in these matters.” Preston Expert Report at 5.

Appellant stated at the hearing that he wanted his sister or his nephew 

to be his guardian and that he did not want Ellers to be his guardian. N.T. at 

9-10. Appellant also stated:

[Appellant’s Counsel]: And do you think you need a medical 

guardian?

[Appellant]: I don’t think I do. I mean, I do have dementia, and I 

forget things, but I’m not fully, you know, incompetent. I can write 

letters to my family. I can call on the phone, make requests and 

everything.

Id. at 10-11.

At the end of the hearing, the Orphans’ Court granted the Petition for 

Adjudication of Incapacity and Appointment of a Limited Guardian of the 
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Person and entered an order determining that Appellant was incapacitated and 

appointing Ellers as guardian for the person of Appellant. N.T. at 12; Orphans’ 

Court Order, 4/16/21. In its order, the Orphans’ Court did not limit the 

guardian’s powers to assisting Appellant in medical decisions and providing 

informed consent for treatment to which Appellant did not object, but instead 

granted Ellers power to make all medical decisions for Appellant, “including 

the acceptance or refusal of recommended treatment related to physical 

or mental health needs,” and ordered that “[a]ny previously executed powers 

of attorney or health care powers of attorney of [Appellant] are rendered 

ineffective, and any agents authorized to act under such documents are 

divested of such authority to the extent that their authority conflicts with the 

authorizations herein granted to Richard Ellers as guardian.” Orphans’ Court 

Order, 4/16/21, at ¶¶2, 3 (emphasis added).

Appellant timely appealed and argues that the evidence at the hearing 

was insufficient to support the Orphans’ Court adjudication that he was 

incapacitated and appointing a guardian with control over all of his medical 

decisions. In reviewing the Orphans’ Court’s order here, we are bound by its 

findings that are based on competent evidence, but are not bound by its 

conclusions of law. In re Peery, 727 A.2d 539, 540 (Pa. 1999).

Chapter 55 of the Probate, Estates and Fiduciaries Code provides that a 

person may be adjudicated incapacitated and a guardian of the person may 

be appointed only if the petitioner seeking such an adjudication and 
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appointment shows by clear and convincing evidence that the person’s ability 

to receive and evaluate information and communicate decisions is impaired to 

the extent that he is partially or totally unable to meet essential requirements 

for his physical health and safety and that he is in need of a guardian. 20 

Pa.C.S. § 5501; 20 Pa.C.S. § 5511(a); 20 Pa.C.S. § 5512.1(b), (c); Peery, 

727 A.2d at 541; In re Hyman, 811 A.2d 605, 608 (Pa. Super. 2002). Even 

if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the person is 

incapacitated, the guardianship ordered must be the least restrictive means 

of protecting the incapacitated person and the incapacitated person’s 

intentions and wishes must be honored to the extent possible. 20 Pa.C.S. § 

5511(f); 20 Pa.C.S. § 5512.1(a), (b), (c); In re Estate of Rosengarten, 871 

A.2d 1249, 1255, 1257 (Pa. Super. 2005). Section 5512.1 of the Probate, 

Estates and Fiduciaries Code specifically requires that the court, in 

determining whether the person is incapacitated and the extent of the 

guardianship, “shall consider and make specific findings of fact concerning: ... 

The need for guardianship services... in light of the existence, if any, of 

advance directives such as durable powers of attorney.” 20 Pa.C.S. § 

5512.1(a)(3).2

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2 Neither Appellee nor the Orphans’ Court contend that these requirements 

are inapplicable to prison inmates or that the Orphans’ Court could evaluate 

the evidence concerning Appellant’s need for a guardian or the scope of a 

guardianship order differently because he is an inmate.
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The Orphans’ Court’s broad guardianship order here violates these 

requirements. The Orphans’ Court, based on the expert report of Dr. Preston, 

found only that “there was clear and convincing evidence presented which 

establishes Appellant is at least partially incapacitated and appointment of a 

limited guardian is necessary to assure Appellant receives appropriate medical 

and psychological services and to provide required consent or approval on 

behalf of Appellant.” Orphans’ Court Opinion at 3. Its order, however, was 

not limited in scope or tailored to address the problem of Appellant’s inability 

to give informed consent for medical treatment that he wants to receive. 

Rather, the Orphans’ Court’s order deprived Appellant of all ability to make 

medical decisions, including decisions to refuse treatment. Orphans’ Court 

Order, 4/16/21, at ¶2.

Moreover, although there was a suggestion in Ellers’ testimony that 

Appellant may have an advance medical directive or medical power of attorney 

executed before he was incapacitated and Ellers admitted that he could obtain 

that information, N.T. at 7, the Orphans’ Court did not consider the effect of 

such a directive or require Ellers, the party seeking to be appointed as 

guardian, to provide that information. Instead, it ordered that any healthcare 

powers of attorney executed by Appellant “are rendered ineffective,” without 

regard to whether such powers of attorney expressed Appellant’s wishes 

concerning medical care and whether they were executed at a time that he 

was competent to make such decision. Orphans’ Court Order, 4/16/21, at ¶3.
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In addition, the Orphans’ Court based its determination that less 

restrictive alternatives were not available on assertions that were not 

supported by any evidence at the hearing. The court concluded that less 

restrictive alternatives to its guardianship order did not exist because, inter 

alia, “Appellant does not have any living next of kin willing to serve as guardian 

or to make necessary medical decisions” and “attempts to find a living next of 

kin willing to serve as guardian have been exhausted.” Orphans’ Court 

Opinion at 2, 4. While the petition claimed that Appellant “does not have any 

living next of kin willing to serve as guardian or to make necessary medical 

decisions,” Petition for Adjudication of Incapacity and Appointment of a 

Limited Guardian of the Person ¶¶9(c), 13, the testimony at the hearing 

showed that Appellant has a sister, whom Appellant wanted as his guardian, 

and did not show that she is unwilling to serve as a guardian. The only 

evidence concerning Appellant’s sister’s willingness or unwillingness to act as 

Appellant’s guardian was Ellers’ testimony that she was willing, after he spoke 

at length to her, to have Ellers act as Appellant’s guardian. N.T. at 6. Such 

testimony that the person seeking to be appointed as guardian has persuaded 

a relative to not object to his appointment as guardian is not testimony or 

evidence that the relative is unwilling to act as a guardian or healthcare power 

of attorney. 

Because the Orphans’ Court failed to consider whether Appellant has an 

advance healthcare directive or healthcare power of attorney and its finding 
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that there are no less restrictive alternatives is not supported by the record, 

its broad order appointing Ellers as Appellant’s guardian, depriving Appellant 

of all rights to refuse medical treatment, and negating any prior healthcare 

powers of attorney contravenes Chapter 55 of the Probate, Estates and 

Fiduciaries Code and cannot stand. Accordingly, we vacate the Orphans’ Court 

order of April 16, 2021, and remand this case to the Orphans’ Court for a new 

hearing at which it shall hear evidence on whether there are less restrictive 

alternatives, including evidence on whether and what advance healthcare 

directives and healthcare powers of attorney Appellant has executed and 

evidence concerning whether Appellant’s sister is willing to act as Appellant’s 

guardian or healthcare power of attorney.

Order vacated. Case remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction 

relinquished.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 1/7/2022