T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d byN i nth C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yc onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l a r g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2)(C ). NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T DO NA L D R OB I N L E AC H, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. T . D R E W , C o rr e c tio n a l O f f ic e r ; e t a l., D efen d an t s - A p p el l an t s, a nd L O W E , C orre ct i on al O ff i ce r, D e f

e n d a n t. N o. 08- 15692 D C N o . C V 0 0 -6 1 3 9 L JO ME MOR AN DU M *

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# FI LED JU N 28 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALST he H on orabl e L i nd a R . R ea de, C hi ef U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctJudg e, ** * N orthe rn D i s tr i c tof

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- 2- B ef ore: T A S H IM A and B E A , C i rc ui tJudg es , and R E A D E , D i stri ctJudg e. *** A pp el l ant s C ar ey , D re w , S chroeder, and H aw s ( col l ec t i vel y, “ A pp el l ant s” ) appeal for the se cond t i m e the di stri ctcourt ’ s deni al of thei r m ot i on for s um m ary ju d g m e n t o n th e is s u e o f q u a lif ie d im m u n ity . A p p e lle e , C a lif o rn iain m a te D o n a ld R . L ea ch (“ L ea ch”) , al l eges thatA pp el l ant s vi ol at ed 42 U . S . C . § 1 98 3 w hen they fa i l ed t o p rot ec thi m af

t erthey w er e f

orew arned thathe w as the t ar getof an im m in e n t a s s au lt. O urr e vi e w of

the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s or de ri s l i m i t e d t o as i ngl e que s t i on: w he the rL e a c h’ s E i ghtA m e ndm e ntr i ght s w e r e c l e a r l ye s t abl i s he d a tthe t i m e he wa s a s s au l t e d . We r e v i e w th i s q u e s t i o n o f l a w de no vo , B r o o k

s v . C ityo

f Se a ttle , 5 9 9 F. 3 d 1 0 1 8 , 1 0 2 1 ( 9 th Ci r . 2 0 1 0 ) , a n dw e a f f i rm. T h e a s s au lt o n L e a c h , a s w e ll a s its p r io rw a rn in g , o c c u rr e din A u g u s t 1 9 9 9 . A s earl y as Ju n e 1 9 9 4 , i tw as cl earl y est ab l i sh ed th at“ p ri so n o ffi ci al s h av e a d u ty . . . to p r o te c t p r is o n e r s f

r o m v io le n c e a t th e h a n d s o f o th e rp r is o n e r s ,” a n dth a t a pr i s on of f i c i a l vi ol a t e s a n i nm a t e ’ s E i ghth A m e ndm e ntr i ght s w he n the pr i s on o f f ic ia l e x h ib its d e lib e r a te in d if f e r e n c e to th e in m a te ’s s a f e ty . Farm e rv . B r e nnan , 511 U . S . 825, 833- 34 ( 1994) . B y1996, ourde c i s i ons ha d m a de c l e a rtha tpr i s on- 3-

offi ci al s have adu ty t o “ t ake r ea sonabl e m ea sure s t o p rot ec ti nm at es fr om vi ol ence a t th e h a n d s o f

o th e rp r is o n e r s .” R o b in s o n v . P r u n ty , 24 9 F . 3d 86 2, 86 6 (9th C i r. 2 0 0 1 ) . T h e s e a n d o th e rc a s e s h a d e s tab lis h e dth a t th e f a ilu r e o f ap r is o n o f

f ic ia l to r e s pond t o aknow n, c r e di bl e thr e a tt o a n i nm a t e ’ s s a f e tyc ons t i tut e d avi ol a t i on of th e in m a te ’s E ig h th A m e n d m e n t r ig h ts . See B e r g v . Ki nc he loe , 794 F . 2d 457, 460- 61 (9th C i r. 19 86 ). A p p e lla n ts w e r e e x p lic itlyw a rn e dth a t a n a s s au lt o n L e a c h w a s im m in e n t, a nd the r e a r e f

a c t s i n the r e c or d upon w hi c h ar e a s onabl e j urym a yf i nd tha tthe w a rn in g w a s c r e d ib le . T h e g u a r d s d idn o t p r o te c t L e a c h ; th e yn e ith e rp la c e dh im in a d m in is tr a tiv e s e g r e g a tio n n o rw a rn e dh im o f th e th r e a t to h is lif

e . See 1 5 C a l. C od e R eg. § 3 33 5(a) (m andat i ng i m m edi at e a dm i ni stra t i ve se gregat i on w hen an in m a te ’s s a f

e tyis th r e a te n e d ) ; H

op e v . P el

ze r , 5 3 6 U .S . 7 3 0 , 7 4 4 ( 2 0 0 2 ) ( r e ly in g in pa rton A l aba m aD e pa rtm e ntof C orr e c t i ons r e gul a t i on t o c onc l ude tha tus e of “h itc h in g p o s t” v io la te d a n in m a te ’s c le ar lye s tab lis h e dE ig h th A m e n d m e n t r ig h ts ) . V i ew i ng the fa ct s i n the l i gh tm ostfavo rabl e t o L ea ch, A pp el l ant s r ec ei ved c r e di bl e i nf

orm a t i on aboutas e r i ous a nd i m m e di a t e thr e a tt o L e a c h’ s s a f e tybut t ook no m e a ni ngf

ul s t e ps t o a ddr e s s i t . A r e a s onabl e of f i c e rw oul d ha ve u n d e r s to o d th a t d e la y in g ar e s p o n s e to th e th r e a t w o u ldc o n s titu te d e lib e r a teA pp el l ant s c on t end thatthey w er e unsure w hether the i nform antw as 1 re l i abl e. T he re l i abi l i ty of the i nform ant , ho w ever , i s acontrovert ed i ss ue of fa ct th a t w e c a n n o t r e v ie w o n th is in te r lo c u to ryap p e a l. See J ef f er s v . G om ez , 267 F . 3d 89 5, 90 3 (9th C i r. 20 01 ) ( per c uri am ).

- 4- i ndi f f e r e nc e . A c c or di ngl y , the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s or de rde ny i ng A ppe l l a nt s ’ m ot i on

1 f o rs u m m a ryju d g m e n t b a s e d o n q u a lif ie dim m u n ityis AF F I RME D.