Bredin-ArchboldSmithsonian Biological

Survey of Dominica:

Bostrichidae, Inopeplidae,

Lagriidae, Lyctidae,

Lymexylonidae, Melandryidae,

Monommidae, Rhipiceridae, and

Rhipiphoridae (Coleoptera)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1971 NUMBER 70
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 70

T. y. spiiman Bredin-ArchboldSmithsonian Biological

Survey of Dominica:

Bostrichidae, Inopeplidae,

Lagriidae, Lyctidae,

Lymexylonidae, Melandryidae,

Monommidae, Rhipiceridae, and

Rhipiphoridae (Goleoptera)

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

CITY OF WASHINGTON
ABSTRACT

Spilman, T. J. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian-Biological Survey of Dominica:

Bostrichidae, Inopeplidae, Lagriidae, Lyctidae, Lymexylonidae, Melandryidae,

Monommidae, Rhipiceridae, and Rhipiphoridae (Coleoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 70:1-10, 1971.—The known fauna of Dominica for each family

is given. The Bostrichidae are represented by five species in five genera; all other

families have one species each on the island. Of the thirteen species, nine are reported

from Dominica for the first time. The larva of Callirhipis Iherminieri, the rhipicerid,

is described and illustrated, and the larva and adult of Inopeplus praeustus, the

inopeplid, are illustrated.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1971

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 25 cents (paper cover)
T. J. Spilman Bredin-ArchboldSmithsonian Biological

Survey of Dominica:

Bostrichidae, Inopeplidae,

Lagriidae, Lyctidae,

Lymexylonidae, Melandryidae,

Monommidae, Rhipiceridae, and

Rhipiphoridae (Coleoptera)

This report is the first of the series on beetles or

Coleoptera in the Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica. A modern survey of the

beetles is most certainly needed, for past reports

of the fauna of Dominica have only hinted at the

true picture. Only 57 species of beetles were recorded

in 1914 and 1917 (Leng and Mutchler, 1914, 1917);

the number was increased to 123 in 1944-1957 (Blackwelder) . The increase is a significant gain in exploration and subsequent research. Compare, however,

those 123 species on Dominica (305 square miles)

with 705 species recorded on the neighboring northern

island of Guadeloupe (583 square miles) in 1914 and

1917. The great difference in species numbers is

probably not a result of island size or numbers of

ecological niches but is undoubtedly an artifact of

collecting and reporting. The beetles of Guadeloupe

were so thoroughly studied in 1890 (Fleutiaux and

Salle, 1890) that even today they are the best known

in all the Antilles. On the other hand, Dominican

T. J. Spilman, Systematic Entomology Laboratory (United

States Department of Agriculture), National Museum of

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

20560.

beetles are probably the least known because collecting has been neglected. Surely Dominica, a lush

and relatively undisturbed island, has more than onefifth the number of beetles on Guadeloupe. Thus, the

Survey, with its intensive collecting and subsequent

reporting, should help give a truer picture of the

complete beetle fauna of Dominica.

The report is quite straightforward. It includes for

each species the correct scientific name, all synonyms

in their original combination of generic and specific

names; new information on life history and references

to previous data; and references to previous illustrations or descriptions. Also, for each family I have

compared the number of species on Dominica with

the number on Guadeloupe. All specimens mentioned

under "Dominican distribution" are in the National

Museum of Natural History. All included Dominican

species and their distributions on other West Indian

islands and mainland areas are listed in Table 1. Two

bits of information might be of interest to the general

coleopterist: The larva and pupa of Callirhipis Iherminieri are described and illustrated for the first time,

and illustrations of the larva of Inopeplus praeustus

are presented to help place this controversial genus in

classifications.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Distribution of species discussed in this report

Species

O G V 3

-<ei.si.s§s. §

•si

s a

Bostrichidae

Melalgus probably gonager x x x x x

Dinoderus minutus x x x x x x

Tetrapriocera longicornis x x x x x x x

Xylopsocus capucinus

Xylomeira torquata x x xxxxx x

Inopeplidae

Inopelpus praeustus

Lagriidae

Statira fulva

Lyctidae

Lyctus caribaenus x x x x

Lymexylonidae

Atractocerus brasiliensis x x x x x

Melandryidae

Phloeotrya mexicana x x

Monommidae

Hyporhagus marginatus fabricii x

Rhipiceridae

Callirhipis Iherminieri

Rhipiphoridae

Macrosaigon octomaculatum x x

X X X

X X X XX X

X X X X

X X X

XXXXX X X

X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X

X X

XX XX

I thank the sponsors of the Survey for inviting me to

collect and study on Dominica during July, August,

and September of 1964, and I thank the United States

Department of Agriculture for cooperating in my participation. I also thank Arthur D. Cushman of the

Department of Agriculture for the fine illustrations

accompanying this text.

Family BOSTRICHIDAE

Twenty species of this family have been reported from

the West Indies, and three other species have been

reported as doubtfully occurring there. Five species

occur on Dominica; heretofore only one species has

been recorded. By contrast, ten species have been reported from the neighboring island of Guadeloupe.

Key to the Adults of Species on Dominica

1. Head visible from above, not deeply inserted into prothorax.

Melalgus probably gonager (F.)

Head not visible from above, deeply inserted into prothorax 2

2. Metatarsus shorter than metatibia Dinoderus minutus (F.)

Metatarsus longer than metatibia 3

3. Antennal club composed of 4 segments Tetrapriocera longicornis (Olivier)

Antennal club composed of 3 segments 4

4. Elytra with posterior declivity bordered completely with sharp carina.

Xylopsocus capucinus (F.)

Elytra with posterior declivity having 6 tubercles on dorsal border, not having carina.

Xylomeira torquata (F.)
NUMBER 70

Melalgus probably gonager (Fabricius)

Apate gonagra Fabricius, 1798

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Mona; Puerto Rico; St. Thomas;

St. Barthelemy; Guadeloupe; Dominica; St. Vincent

(Blackwelder, 1945, p. 398).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—No further locality,

1913, A. H. Verrill; Antrim, 1,000 feet, 12 March

1956, J. F. G. Clarke.

BIOLOGY.—Nothing is known of the habits of this

species; other members of the genus bore in the wood

of hardwood trees. The immature stages of this

species have not been described.

NOTES.—The two specimens on which the Dominican distribution is based are females, and I am unable

to determine them to species. Lesne (1906, p. 395)

presented a good key to the males of four West

Indian species, but he could not separate the females.

I have tentatively assigned these females to gonager

because of a previous report of this species on Dominica by Leng and Mutchler (1917, p. 207). That report was based on the U. S. National Museum collection. I assume the 1913 specimen mentioned above

was the basis or at least part of the basis of the report.

Confirmation of the species will have to await the

discovery of males on the island. The adult of gonager

was illustrated by Lepesme (1947, fig. 241). This

species, like others now in Melalgus, was transferred

from the genus Hetararthron by Fisher (1950, p. 5).

Dinoderus tninutus (Fabricius)

Apate minutus Fabricius, 1775.

Bostrichus vertens Walker, 1859.

Rhizopertha sicula Baudi, 1873.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; St. Vincent;

Grenada; Old and New World Tropics (Blackwelder,

1945, p. 398; Lepesme, 1947, p. 203; Plank, 1948,

p. 2).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Roseau, July 1936, R.

E. Blackwelder; several specimens intercepted at

Buffalo, New York, in bamboo shipped from

Dominica.

BIOLOGY.—Plank (1948, p. 1) and Fisher (1950, p.

31) state that this species prefers the wood of bamboo

but never infests growing bamboo. The adults attack

many kinds of timber, plants, and vegetable products,

but, according to authentic records, the host plants of

the larvae are restricted to bamboo and canes. This

species has been known to reduce structures built of

bamboo to dust in a few years. The larvae were

described and illustrated by Gardner (1933, p. 8) and

Anderson (1939, p. 388, figs. 3, 6).

NOTES.—This well-known pest is commonly called

the bamboo powder-post beetle. The adult of this

species was illustrated by Lesne (1924, fig. 38). This

is the first report of the occurrence of this species on

Dominica.

Tetrapriocera longicornis (Olivier)

Bostrichus longicornis Olivier, 1795.

Tetrapriocera schwarzi Horn, 1878.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba; Isla

de Pinos; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; St. Thomas;

Guadeloupe; Grenada; South America; Central

America; Mexico; United States (Blackwelder, 1945,

p. 400).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Clarke Hall, 4 July

1964, T. J. Spilman; Clarke Hall, 6-8 October 1964,

P. J. Spangler.

BIOLOGY.—Fisher (1950, p. 103) summarized the

biology of this species: adults boring into living trunks

and branches of Met opium toxiferum (L.) Krug and

Urban (=Rhus metopium L.); larvae and adults

in half-burned roots of Smilax; adults in pruned and

girdled branches of avocado and guayaba; adults in

derris roots. Some of the Dominican specimens were

captured at light. The immature stages have not

been described.

NOTES.—The adult of this species was illustrated

by Lepesme (1947, fig. 244). This is the first report of

the occurrence of this species on Dominica.

Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius)

Apate capucinus Fabricius, 1781.

Bostrichus eremita Olivier, 1790.

Enneadesmus nicobaricus Redtenbacher, 1867.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Brazil, Venezuela, Surinam, Trinidad; Old World Tropics

(Blackwelder, 1945, p. 400; Fisher, 1950, p. 141;

Kalshovcn, 1963, p. 238).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Clarke Hall, 5 July

1964, 21 August 1964, T. J. Spilman.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

BIOLOGY.—I found adults of this species living in

old wooden poles that form the structural skeleton of

the roof of the Clarke Hall picnic pavilion on the

shore of the Layou River; some poles were so severely

eaten that they could be easily broken by hand.

Fisher (1950, p. 141) and Beeson and Bhatia (1937, p.

305) listed many species of wood this beetle infests in

the Old World Tropics, that it was found in the wood

of the grape in Brazil, and gave notes on habits. The

larva was described and illustrated by Gardner (1933,

pp. 16, 17, pi. 4: figs. 55-56).

NOTES.—This species has a wide distribution in the

Old World Tropics. It has been introduced into many

places through commerce, including South America.

Now it has been found in the West Indies for the first

time. The species will certainly spread more and more

in the American Tropics. The adult of this species

was illustrated by Lesne (1924, fig. 133).

Xylomeira torquata (Fabricius)

Apate torquata Fabricius, 1801.

?Apate tridens Fabricius, 1792.

Sinoxylon floridanum Horn, 1885.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Eleuthera;

Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Mona; Puerto Rico; St.

Thomas; St. John; St. Croix; Tortola; Antigua;

Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia;

Grenada; Mexico; United States (Blackwelder, 1945,

p. 400; Fisher, 1950, p. 121).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Antrim, 1,000 feet, 15

March 1956, J. F. G. Clarke; Grande Savane, 21

March 1964, D. F. Bray, 1 July 1964, T. J. Spilman,

3 February 1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke, 7-12

October 1966, A. B. Gurney; Macoucheri, 1, 26

February 1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke; Cabrits

Swamp, 23 February 1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke

and W. W. Wirth; path to Cabrits, 2 April 1966, R.

J. Gagne; West Cabrit, 3 March 1964, D. F. Bray;

Portsmouth, 2 March 1964, D. F. Bray, 1-2 April

1966, R. J. Gagne; Clarke Hall, 11, 27 February

1964, D. F. Bray, 3 July 1964, T. J. Spilman, 5-11

November 1964, P. J. Spangler, 1-20 February 1965,

W. W. Wirth, 6 July 1965, D. M. Anderson, 19 May

1966, G. Steyskal, 10-12 October 1966, A. B. Gurney;

Springfield Estate, 20-26 July 1963, O. S. Flint.

BIOLOGY.—Very little is known of the habits of this

species. Fisher (1950, p. 121) stated that adults have

been reared from horsebean (Parkinsonia aculeata

L.), royal poinciana (Poinciana sp.), huisache (Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.), and dead tamarind

(Tamarindus sp.). Most of the specimens from Dominica were captured at lights. The immature stages

of this species have not been described.

NOTES.—The adult of this species was illustrated by

Lepesme (1947, fig. 243). This is the first report of

the occurrence of this species on Dominica.

Family INOPEPLIDAE

Seven species of this family have been recorded from

the West Indies. Only one species occurs on Dominica;

this is the first report of such an occurrence. By comparison, three species have been reported from the

neighboring island of Guadeloupe.

lnopeplus praeustus (Chevrolat)

Ino praeustus Chevrolat, 1858.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Guadeloupe;

Martinique; St. Vincent (Peyerimhoff, 1902, p. 715;

Blackwelder, 1943, pp. 139, 624).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Brantridge Estate,

1,600 feet, 10 January 1965, J. F. G. and T. M.

Clarke; 1.9 miles west of Pont Casse, 11 September

1964, T. J. Spilman; .5 mile west of Point Lolo, 1,800

feet, 19 February 1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke;

Warner Road, 1 May 1964, O. S. Flint; Clarke Hall,

24 February 1964, D. F. Bray; Macoucheri, 1 February 1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke; .6 mile north

of Pont Casse, 9 July 1964, T. J. Spilman; Fortune,

27 July 1964, T. J. Spilman; Fond Figues, 16 March

1964, D. F. Bray; Belle Fille River, 3 miles southwest

of Castle Bruce, 400 feet, 1 January 1965, R. T. Bell;

Geneva Estate, Grand Bay, 31 December 1964, R. T.

Bell.

BIOLOGY.—Many specimens were collected by

several collectors on Dominica under bark of fallen

trees; one specimen was collected at light. The very

depressed larva and adult (Figures 1, 4) are well

adapted to life in the confined space between bark

and wood. My collections were made from logs of

unidentified forest trees; Peyerimhoff (1902, p. 715)

reported on larval and adult specimens of this species

from branches of a cacao tree, which were also infested with Scolytidae on Martinique.

The larva of this species was described and illustrated by Peyerimhoff (1902, p. 715, figs. 4-6) from

specimens found on Martinique. His description is
NUMBER 70

FIGURES 1-4.—Inopeplus praeustus: 1, larva, dorsal view; 2, larva, head, and prothorax, ventral

view; 3, larva, apex of abdomen, ventral view; 4, adult, dorsal view.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

good but his illustrations are too stylized or diagrammatic. The accompanying illustrations of the Dominican larva (Figures 1-3) will correct this. That

larva and an adult were found side by side under

bark.

NOTES.—The discovery of this larva helps to place

the genus Inopeplus in beetle classifications. The

genus is usually placed in the Cucujidae (Hetschko,

1930, p. 16; many other authors) and is often segregated in its own subfamily or tribe. Inopeplus and

seven other genera were placed in the Laemophloeidae by Boving and Craighead (1931, p. 35) in what

amounted to the raising of several cucujid subfamilies

to family status on the basis of larvae. However, Blackwelder (1943, pp. 138, 624) placed the genus in the

Inopeplini of the Osoriinae of the Staphylinidae because of adult morphology and because he doubted

the correctness of the association of the cucujid larva

described by PeyerimhofT in 1902 with adult Inopeplus

praeustus. Then Paulian (1946, p. 91, fig. 1) returned

Inopeplus to the Cucujidae because of the male

genitalia, and finally Crowson (1955, p. 128) raised

the tribe or subfamily to family status, the Inopeplidae, in the Cucujoidea. The association of larvae

and adults on Dominica leaves little doubt that

Inopeplus is cucujoid, not staphylinoid.

Family LAGRIIDAE

Four species of this family, all in the genus Statira,

have been reported from the West Indies. Only one

of those species occurs on Dominica. By comparison,

only one species, also fulva, occurs on the neighboring

island of Guadeloupe.

Statira fulva Fleutiaux and Salle

Statira fulva Fleutiaux and SallS, 1889.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Guadeloupe;

Dominica (Blackwelder, 1945, p. 498).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Antrim, 1,000 feet,

10-20 March 1956, J. F. G. Clarke; Fond Figues, 6

April 1964, O. S. Flint; Springfield Estate, 20-26 July

1963, O. S. Flint; Layou Valley, 23-25 July 1963, O.

S. Flint; D'Leau Gommier, 24 February 1965, J. F.

G. and T. M. Clarke; .5 mile west of Point Lolo, 1,800

feet, 19 February 1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke;

.5 mile south of Pont Casse, 23-24 July 1963, O. S.

Flint; 2 miles east of Pont Casse, 1,500 feet, 20

February 1965; 2.2 miles east of Pont Casse, 14 April

1964, O. S. Flint.

BIOLOGY.—Very little is known of the habits of this

species. Adults were found on coffee trees on Guadeloupe, according to Fleutiaux and Salle (1890, p.

431), and came to lights on both Guadeloupe and

Dominica, according to Champion (1917, p. 230).

The immature stages of this species have not been

described.

NOTES.—Champion (1917, p. 230) said that "fulva

is a form of vittata," but in that same article he kept

the two species separate in the list of species and even

redescribed fulva in the general discussions. The

species Statira vittata Champion, 1896, is known from

St. Vincent, the Grenadines, and Trinidad.

Family LYCTIDAE

Six species of this family have been recorded from the

West Indies. Only one species occurs on Dominica;

this is the first report of that occurrence. By contrast,

three species have been recorded from the neighboring island of Guadeloupe.

Lyctus caribeanus Lesne

Lyctus caribeanus Lesne, 1931.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Hispaniola;

Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Central America; Mexico

(Gerberg, 1957, p. 20).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Clarke Hall, 1-10 June

1965, J. F. G. and T. M. Clarke; mouth of Layou

River, 9, 20 January 1965, W. W. Wirth; La Plaine,

17 February 1964, D. F. Bray.

BIOLOGY.—Bray collected this species at light. Gerberg (1957, p. 20) stated that specimens have come

from a leguminous tree, in kola root, and in deadwood

of avocado. The immature stages of this beetle have

not been described.

NOTES.—The adult of this species was illustrated

by Lesne (1931, fig. 1) and Gerberg (1957, pi. 3:

figs. 1-7).

Family LYMEXYLONIDAE

Only one species of this family has been recorded

from the West Indies. It has been reported from

several islands, among them Dominica. By comparison,

it occurs also on the neighboring island of Guadeloupe.
NUMBER 70

Atractocerus brasiliensis Lepeletier and

Audinet-Serville

Atractocerus brasiliensis Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville,

1825.

Atractocerus molorchoides GuSrin, 1829.

Atractocerus dipterum Perty, 1830.

Atractocerus dipterorum Laporte, 1840.

Atractocerus dipterus BrullS, 1857.

Atractocerus antillarum Vitrac, 1913.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Guadeloupe; Dominica; St.

Vincent; Barbaros; Grenada; South America; Central America; Mexico (Simmonds, 1956, p. 693;

Vaurie, 1957, p. 86).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Springfield Estate, 7

March 1964, D. F. Bray.

BIOLOGY.—Simmonds (1956, p. 693) stated that

larvae have been collected from a log of mora {Mora

excelsa Benth.), from logs of Prioria copaifera Griseb.,

from dying trunks of Albizzia lebbek (Benth.), and

from a log of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and that

adults are frequently taken at light. He also (1956,

p. 697, figs. 1-5, pi. 14) described and illustrated all

stages in the life cycle of this beetle and gave a very

good account of its habits.

NOTES.—The adult of this species was illustrated

several times by the authors listed in the above

synonymy.

Family MELANDRYIDAE

Two species of this family have been recorded from

the West Indies. Only one species occurs on Dominica.

By contrast, no melandryid has been recorded from

the neighboring island of Guadeloupe.

Phloeotrya mexicana (Champion)

Dircaea mexicana Champion, 1889.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Dominica;

South America; Central America; Mexico (Champion, 1889, p. 83; 1916, p. 37; Blackwelder, 1945, p.

495).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—1.2 miles north of Pont

Casse, 3 July 1964, T. J. Spilman.

BIOLOGY.—Very little is known of the habits of this

species. I found adults in a rotten stump with Uloma

retusa (Fabricius,) a tenebrionid, in an area being

cleared for cultivation at 1900 feet elevation. The

immature stages of this beetle have not been described.

NOTES.—The adult of this species was illustrated by

Champion (1889, pi. 4: fig. 12).

Family MONOMMIDAE

Six species of this family have been recorded from

the West Indies. Only one species occurs on Dominica; this is the first report of that occurrence. By

comparison, that same species is the only one occurring on the neighboring island of Guadeloupe.

Hyporhagus marginatus fabricii Freude

Hyporhagus marginatus fabricii Freude, 1955.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Haiti; Dominican Republic; Guadeloupe; South America

(Freude, 1955a, p. 725).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Morne Guy, 13 September 1965, D. M. Anderson.

BIOLOGY.—Nothing is known of the biology of this

species. Freude (1955, p. 9) stated that adults of other

monommids have been found under rotten Opuntia

species, in rotten tree stump, under bark of Pinus

species, on foliage, in debris, under stones, and at light,

and that larvae have been found in roots and stems of

agave, in rotten papaya stems, and in rotten wood of

Euphorbia species. The immature stages of this species

have not been described.

Family RHIPICERIDAE

Only one species of this family has been recorded from

the West Indies. That species occurs on Dominica;

this is the first report of that occurrence. By comparison, the same species is found on the neighboring

island of Guadeloupe.

Callirhipis Iherminieri Laporte

Callirhipis Lherminieri Laporte, 1834.

Callirhipis brunnea Laporte, 1834.

Callirhipis Lacordairei Laporte, 1834.

Callirhipis insularis Laporte, 1840.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Guadeloupe;

St. Vincent (Champion, 1897, p. 290; Paulian, 1947,

p. 139).
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Freshwater Lake, 9

September 1964, T. J. Spilman, 9 June 1965, D. R.

Davis; South Chiltern Estate, 17 August 1965, D. M.

Anderson; Clarke Hall, 12-18 October 1964, P. J.

Spangler; Pont Casse, 12-14 October 1964, P. J.

Spangler, 24, 25 October 1966, A. B. Gurney; .4 mile

east of Pont Casse, 6, 30 July 1964, T. J. Spilman; 1.0

mile east of Pont Casse, 23 July 1964, T. J. Spilman;

1.3 miles east of Pont Casse, 12 May 1964, O. S. Flint;

3 miles east of Pont Casse, T. J. Spilman; .5 mile

south of Pont Casse, 11 April 1964, O. S. Flint;

2 miles northwest of Pont Casse, 18 May, 13 June

1965, D. R. Davis; Laudat, 11, 12, 13 June 1911; no

further locality, June-July 1913, H. W. Foote.

BIOLOGY.—Several collectors found larvae of this

species in rotten wood on Dominica. I found larvae,

pupae, and adults together in a piece of rotten wood

and was successful in rearing larvae to adulthood. In

one log I found larvae in company with adults of

FIGURES 5—7.—Callirhipis Iherminieri: 5, larva, apex of

abdomen, dorsoposterolateral view; 6, larva, right prothoracic leg, anterior view; 7, pupa, asperites with setae

attached.

Uloma retusa (F.), a tenebrionid, and Pycnomerus

species, a colydiid. Often the wood was so decayed

that it could be pulled apart manually. Emden (1932,

p. 214) discussed the biology of the Callirhipini in

general.

The Rhipiceridae, unlike most beetle families, are

very well known in the larval stage. The late Fritz van

Emden was the outstanding contributor to our knowledge of rhipicerid larvae, especially those in the

Callirhipini, the tribe to which our species belongs.

The larvae of 26 species of Callirhipini, 18 of them in

the genus Callirhipis, were described, illustrated, and

keyed by Emden in 1932 (pp. 213-256, pi. 11: figs.

6-10, pi. 12: figs. 11-14, 16-17, 26-27, pi. 13: figs.

18-19). Larvae of two more species of Callirhipis from

India were described and the previous key was slightly

revised by Emden in 1936 (pp. 151-156). Only a

few species of Callirhipini have been made known

since Emden's works. The larva of Callirhipis onoi

Blair, from Guam, was described and illustrated by

Zimmerman in 1942 (p. 46, fig. 1, pi. 1: figs, c, D).

The larva of Callirhipis species, without locality, was

briefly described and the apex of the abdomen illustrated by Peterson in 1951 (p. 186, fig. c51 [G]).

The larva of Horatocera niponica Lewis, from Japan,

was described and illustrated by Fukuda, Kurosa, and

Hayashi in 1959 (p. 459, figs.)

The larva of Callirhipis Iherminieri has not previously been described. The following description is

done in the style of Emden's 1932 descriptions.

Larva: (Figure 5) Submentum posteriorly separated from epicranial halves by sutures. Prothoracic

and mesothoracic terga coarsely, transversely strigate.

Metathoracic tergum with strigae anteriorly, becoming smaller and then disappearing posteriorly. Abdominal terga 1-6 each with 6 very small, weak,

transverse depressions and fine, sparse circular punctures; without strigate grooves or sharply bordered

depressions. Abdominal tergum 7 with markings of

terga 1-6 and also with pair of sharply bordered depressions, these depressions deep, with borders black

and declivous posteromedially; without spines or

strigate grooves. Abdominal tergum 8 with pair of

triangular grooves on dorsal surface, each groove

deep, triangular, sharply bordered, the borders terminating in dorsal and subdorsal spines, floor of groove

curved and transversely strigate, groove's combined

lateral borders subparallel and combined medial

borders forming angle of 60°, grooves relatively long,
NUMBER 70

ratio of length (anterior apex to apex of subdorsal

spine) to dorsal length of tergum (base of tergum to

apex of subdorsal spine) is 1.0 to 2.3; both pairs of

spines near posterior border of segment, making area

just dorsal to operculum rather steep; dorsal spines

short, acute, apically curved, subdorsal spines shorter

and weakly directed toward midline; with fine, sparse

punctures except area between spines and just dorsal

to opercular hinge with coarse, dense punctures.

Operculum weakly convex, with dense, coarse punctures, with coarse marginal bead. Legs (Figure 6)

very short and stout, with apical clawed segment

(tibiotarsus?), then an asymmetrical segment (femur?), and a large stout segment with a suture on

medial surface (trochanter and coxa?); the divisions

or "sutures" between these "segments" are not distinct and flexure between "segments" might not occur.

The larva of Callirhipis Iherminieri from Dominica

would be determined as "Callirhipis valida Champion?" from Costa Rica in Emden's key (1932, p.

222) except that the divergence of the medial borders

of the strigated grooves on the 8th abdominal tergum

is 60° in the former and 80° in the latter.

The Rhipiceridae, like most beetle families, aie

very poorly known in the pupal stage. Heretofore only

one description of a pupa has been published. The

pupa of Paraennometes gardneri Emden from India

was described and illustrated by Gardner in 1931 (p.

429, pi. 24: fig. 3). {Paraennometes was given subgeneric rank in Callirhipis by Emden in 1932, p. 246.)

The pupa of Callirhipis Iherminieri from Dominica

has the distinctive biramous, acute asperites (Figure

7) that were described and illustrated by Gardner

in 1931 (pi. 24: fig. 3). In all respects the two pupae

are very similar.

NOTES.—All four specific names were based on

specimens found on Guadeloupe; the above synonymy

was established by Paulian (1947, p. 139). The adult

stage of the above species was adequately described

and figured by Paulian (1947, p. 139, fig. 177).

Family RHIPIPHORIDAE

Seven species of this family have been reported from

the West Indies. Only one of those species occurs on

Dominica; this is the first report of that occurrence.

By comparison, two species have been reported from

the neighboring island of Guadeloupe.

Macrosaigon octomaculatutn (Gerstacker)

Rhipiphorus puncticeps LeConte, 1858.

Rhipiphorus octomaculatus Gerstacker, 1855.

PREVIOUSLY RECORDED DISTRIBUTION.—Guadeloupe,

St. Vincent: South America; Central America; United

States (Blackwelder, 1945, p. 480).

DOMINICAN DISTRIBUTION.—Scott's Head, 19 October 1964, P. J. Spangler.

BIOLOGY.—Almost nothing in known of the habits

of this species. Spangler captured the two females

recorded above by beating Hyptis verticillata Jacq.

The larvae of other species of this genus are hypermetamorphic and are parasitic on the larvae of wasps

of the families Bembicidae, Tiphiidae, and Scoliidae.

The hosts of octomaculatum are unknown and the

immature stages have not been described.

NOTES.—The color pattern of this species is quite

variable; one of the variations was illustrated by

Champion (1891, pi. 16: fig. 10). This species has

often been listed in.the genera Emenadia and Rhipiphorus.

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10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

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