# Pr oposed Generic Conceptual Models of Pe st icide Exposur e and Ef fe cts to Honey Bees **1** U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency



# Ke ith Sapping ton, M.S. Environmental F ate and E ff ects Division Office of P es ticide Pr ogr ams

# Outline Introduction

• 

## Backgr ound and utility of CMs

• 

## Purpose of generic CMs f or honey bees U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **2**

U.S. En viron mental Pr otec tion Ag ency **3**

**Pla nning** **A s** **N e** **e d** **e d** **: G** **e t** **D a** **t a** **, I** **t e** **r a** **t e** **, M** **o n** **i t** **o r** 

**Inte grat**  **e Av**  **aila ble**  **Infor mation**  **Source & Ecosy**  **stem Ecological**  **Exposure at Risk Effects**

**As sessmen**  **t Conceptu**  **al** 

# Pro **blem F**  **ormulation**



# Generic conceptual models

• 

## Foliar spr ay applications (non

syste mic and s ystemic)

• 

## Soil applications

• 

## Seed tr eatment **Pla nning** **A s** **N e** **e d** **e d** **: G** **e t** **D a** **t a** **, I** **t e** **r a** **t e** **, M** **o n** **i t** **o r**  **As sessmen**  **t En**  **dpoi nts** 
**An aly** 

**sis Pl**  **an Conceptu**  **al**

**Mode l** 



# An **al ysi**  **s**

# In tr oduction

• 

# A conceptual model is a writ te n and visual description of the pr edict ed re lationships between ecological entities and the st re ssor s of concern (USEP A 1998). Risk h ypotheses Conceptual diagr am U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **3**



## Conceptual diagr am



## • 

# Useful tool f or communicating the pr edict ed pathwa ys of ex posur e and eff ects in r ela tion to assessment endpoints

• 

# Va ry fr om simple to comple x and in gr aphical f ormat

• 

# Gener al st ructur e: Sour ce  Exposur e  Re ceptor/R esponse  Att ribut e Chang e

# Generic Conceptual Models fo r Hone y Bees

• 

# Intended as a “ sta rting point ” f or pes ticide risk assessor s; to be modified wher e appr opriate

• 

# Re pr esen t major pes ticide uses that ma y r esult in significant ex posur e to honey bees U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **4**



# ex posur e to honey bees (f oliar , soil, seed tr eatment, trunk [dr ench] / injection)



## • 

# Ref lect dif

fe re nces in pes ticide use pat te rns and chemical char act eris tics (s yste micity)U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **5** 

## Stressor
**Source Non**  **- Systemic**  **Pesticide: Foliar Spray Application** 



## Exposure **Media** Dermal Uptake & Inhalation Ingestion

Deposition onto Plants Spray Deposition On Bees Deposition onto Soil Deposition onto

Surface Water

Residues On Plant Surfaces Residues On Pollen & Nectar Residues in Soil Residues in Surface Water Runoff/ Erosion



## Attribute **Change (assessment**  **endpoint) Receptors**  **Foraging Bees**  **(workers)** Inhalation

* Brood initially rely on brood jelly and royal jelly, but later in development consume processed pollen and honey; whereas q uee ns rely solely on royal jelly. ** interception of spray droplets is also a potential route of exposure during mating and orientation flights **Population Size and**  **Stability of Colonies** Reduced colony strength and survival Reduced queen fecundity & brood success Reduced individual survival, behavior changes **Quantity and**  **Quality of Hive Products** Reduced honey, wax, propolis production **Contribution to Pollinator**  **Biodiversity** Reduced species richness and abundance **Hive Bees (Nurse,**  **Worker, Drone** )** Pollen & Nectar, Processing, Ingestion; Comb Production **Bee Brood**  **Queen**** Brood provisions* Royal Jelly Wax, Propolis

## Stressor
**Source Systemic**  **Pesticide: Foliar Spray Application** 



## Exposure **Media** Dermal Uptake & Inhalation Residues On

Plant Surfaces Deposition onto Plants
Residues In (On) Pollen, Nectar, Exudates, Honey Dew Spray Deposition On Bees Deposition onto Soil

Residues In Soil Ingestion Deposition onto Surface Water

Residues in Surface Water Root Uptake Runoff/

Erosion Foliar Translocation

**Foraging Bees**  **(workers) Hive Bees**  **(Nurse, Worker,**  **Drone**)** 

## Receptors Inhalation **Bee Brood**  **Queen**** Pollen & Nectar Processing, Ingestion; Comb Production Brood Provisions* Royal Jelly

**Population Size and**  **Stability of Colonies** Reduced colony strength and survival Reduced queen fecundity & brood success Reduced individual survival, behavior changes **Quantity and**  **Quality of Hive Products** Reduced honey, wax, propolis production **Contribution to Pollinator**  **Biodiversity** Reduced species richness and abundance * Brood initially rely on brood jelly and royal jelly, but later in development consume processed pollen and honey; whereas q uee ns rely solely on royal jelly. ** interception of spray droplets is also a potential route of exposure during mating and orientation flights Wax, Propolis



## Attribute **Change (assessment**  **endpoint)**U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **7** 

## Stressor
**Source Systemic**  **Pesticide: Soil Application**



## Exposure **Media** Residues in Soil*

Residues In Pollen, Nectar, Exudates Ingestion Root Uptake
Residues in Surface Water Runoff/

Erosion

**Foraging Bees**  **(workers) Hive Bees**  **(Nurse, Worker,**  **Drone)** 

## Receptors **Bee Brood**  **Queen** Pollen & Nectar Processing, Ingestion; Comb Production Brood Provisions** Royal Jelly

* For spray applications to soil, exposure of bees via off site drift of pesticide would be addressed as illustrated for fol iar spray applications, accounting for the amount of pesticide drift. ** Brood initially rely on brood jelly and royal jelly, but later in development consume process ed pollen and honey; whereas queens rely solely on royal jelly.

**Population Size and**  **Stability of Colonies** Reduced colony strength and survival Reduced queen fecundity & brood success Reduced individual survival, behavior changes **Quantity and**  **Quality of Hive Products** Reduced honey, wax, propolis production **Contribution to Pollinator**  **Biodiversity** Reduced species richness and abundance Wax, Propolis



## Attribute **Change (assessment**  **endpoint)**U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **8** 

## Stressor
**Source Systemic**  **Pesticide: Seed Treatment** 



## Exposure **Media** Dermal Uptake

& Inhalation Deposition onto soils, plants, surface water Residues on Planted Seeds

Residues In Pollen, Nectar , Exudates, Honey Dew Root Uptake Drift of Abraded Seed Coating
Foliar Translocation

Seed
- based Translocation

**Foraging Bees**  **(workers) Hive Bees**  **(Nurse, Worker,**  **Drone**)** 

## Receptors **Bee Brood**  **Queen**** Pollen & Nectar Processing, Ingestion; Comb Production Brood Provisions* Royal Jelly

**Population Size and**  **Stability of Colonies** Reduced colony strength and survival Reduced queen fecundity & brood success Reduced individual survival, behavior changes **Quantity and**  **Quality of Hive Products** Reduced honey, wax, propolis production **Contribution to Pollinator**  **Biodiversity** Reduced species richness and abundance * Brood initially rely on brood jelly and royal jelly, but later in development consume processed pollen and honey; whereas q uee ns rely solely on royal jelly. ** interception of dust particles is also a potential route of exposure during mating and orientation flights Wax, Propolis



## Attribute **Change (assessment**  **endpoint)**

# Summary

• 

# Honey bee g eneric conceptual models ar e in te nded to r eflect some major pes ticide uses and t o ser ve as a s ta rting point f or risk assessor s to consider in Pr oblem F ormulation.

• 

# They should be modified wher e appr opriate U.S. Environmental Pr otection Agency **9**



## • 

# They should be modified wher e appr opriate

• 

# EP A is seeking f eedback on these g eneric conceptual model accur acy and their consis te ncy with the pr oposed assessmen t endpoin ts and manag emen t goals (Char ge Ques tion 2).