Aquatic Ecological 

Risk Assessment 

Figures and Tables

November 1998

United States Environmental

Protection Agency

Chicago, Illinois

EVSENVIRONMENT

CONSULTANTS

Seattle, Washington 

Prepared for: Prepared by:

Sheboygan River and Harbor

Volume 2 of 3

Seattle, Washington 

M

A

O

N

NAL OCE I A C AND AT OSPHERIC ADMINISTR T OI N

I TANU.S.DEPA ENT TM R

OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration
Sheboygan River and Harbor

AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

Volume 2 of 3

Figures and Tables

Prepared for

United States Environmental Protection Agency,

Region 5

77 West Jackson Blvd.

Chicago, IL 60604

Prepared by

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115

and

EVS Environment Consultants, Inc.

200 West Mercer Street, Suite 403

Seattle, WA 98119

EVS Project No.

2/575-37, 2/789-10

NOVEMBER 1998
C:\SHEBOYGAN PDF\FIGSTABS.DOC

November 1998

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1. Location of Sheboygan River and Harbor site in Wisconsin

Figure 2-1. Hydrographs of Sheboygan River discharge measured at the USGS gaging

station from October 1989 to 1997

Figure 2-2. Potential exposure pathways for ecological receptors

Figure 2-3. Aquatic food web exposure pathways

Figure 2-4. Assessment endpoints, measurement endpoints, and risk characterization

approaches for benthic invertebrates, fish, and piscivores

Figure 3-1. Sampling locations for ERA sampling conducted in August1997

Figure 3-2. Average Triad ranks for each station, weighted so that each leg of the Triad

is equally represented

Figure 3-3. Scatter plots showing the average rank for each Triad leg plotted against

each other

Figure 3-4. Two-dimensional representation of distances between stations for all Triad

endpoints

Figure 4-1. Locations of sediment samples collected for the WDNR food chain study

Figure 4-2. PCB congener pattern in 1997 sediment samples collected for the ERA fish

assessment

Figure 4-3. Average congener concentrations in 1997 sediment samples

Figure 4-4. Average congener composition of 1997 sediment samples in Segments 1, 2,

3, and 5

Figure 4-5. Average congener composition of juvenile smallmouth bass tissue collected

in 1997 from Segments 1, 2, 3, and 5

Figure 4-6. Average congener concentrations in juvenile smallmouth bass tissue

collected in 1997

Figure 4-7. Segment 1: Average sediment congener concentrations in the ERA and

WDNR studies

Figure 4-8. Segment 2: Average sediment PCB congener concentrations in the ERA and

WDNR studies

Figure 4-9. Segment 3: Average sediment congener concentrations in the ERA and

WDNR studies

Figure 4-10. Segment 5: Average sediment congener concentrations in the ERA and

WDNR studies
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November 1998

Figure 4-11. Average congener composition in sediments collected for 1997 ERA and

WDNR food chain studies

Figure 4-12. Segment 1: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

Figure 4-13. Segment 2: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

Figure 4-14. Segment 3: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

Figure 4-15. Segment 5: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

Figure 4-16. Average congener composition in smallmouth bass tissues from ERA and

WDNR studies

Figure 4-17. Histograms showing BSAF values found using empirical bootstrapping on

1997 ERA sediment and smallmouth bass PCB data from each river

segment

Figure 4-18. Histograms showing BSAF values found using empirical bootstrapping on

combined sediment PCB data from WDNR food chain study and 1997 ERA

and smallmouth bass PCB data from 1997 ERA

Figure 4-19. Logarithmic plot of predicted versus observed concentrations of three PCB

congeners in Sheboygan River smallmouth bass, using food web

bioaccumulation model

Figure 5-1. TEQ hazard quotients for mink and great blue heron

Figure 5-2. Total PCB hazard quotients for mink and great blue heron

Figure 6-1. Example of linear regression for PCB Congener 77
C:\SHEBOYGAN PDF\FIGSTABS.DOC

November 1998

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1. Fish species found in the Sheboygan River

Table 2-2. Wildlife species associated with the aquatic and semi-aquatic

habitats of the Sheboygan River

Table 2-3. Historical concentrations of PCBs measured in wildlife collected

from the Sheboygan River and Harbor

Table 2-4. Toxic equivalency factors used in the fish assessment

Table 2-5. Toxic equivalency factors used in the piscivore assessment

Table 2-6 Dioxin, furan, and PCB congener concentrations measured in three

fish tissue samples and respective TEQ concentrations for fish

Table 2-7. Dioxin, furan, and PCB congener concentrations measured in three

fish tissue samples and respective TEQ concentrations for

mammals

Table 2-8. Dioxin, furan, and PCB congener concentrations measured in three

fish tissue samples and respective TEQ concentrations for birds

Table 2-9. Summary of data evaluated for contaminants of concern screening

Table 2-10. Maximum concentrations of contaminants in sediment compared to

threshold effects levels

Table 2-11. Comparison of the site-specific 95 percent upper confidence limit

contaminant concentrations in fish with the mean reference area

concentrations in fish

Table 2-12. Comparison of the site-specific 95 percent upper confidence limit

mercury and PAH sediment concentrations with the mean reference

area sediment concentrations

Table 2-13. Comparison of 95 percent upper confidence limit mercury tissue

concentrations in organisms collected from the Sheboygan River

with mean reference area tissue concentrations

Table 2-14. Comparison of 95 percent upper confidence limit PAH tissue

concentrations in organisms collected from the Sheboygan River

with the mean reference area tissue concentrations

Table 2-15. Benzo(a)pyrene diet benchmark calculations for mink

Table 2-16. Estimation of food ingestion rates for mink using field metabolic

rates and dietary composition

Table 2-17. Estimation of food ingestion rates for great blue heron using field
C:\SHEBOYGAN PDF\FIGSTABS.DOC

November 1998

metabolic rates and dietary composition

Table 2-18. Derivation of mink NOAEL-based and LOAEL-based toxicity

reference values for benzo(a)pyrene

Table 2-19. Contaminants of concern selected for the ERA following screening

procedure

Table 2-20. General ecotoxicity of metals to benthic invertebrates

Table 3-1. Concentrations of Aroclors detected in sediment samples collected

at Triad stations in August 1997

Table 3-2. Concentrations of PAHs in sediment samples collected at Triad

stations in August 1997

Table 3-3. Concentrations of metals in sediment samples collected at Triad

stations in August 1997

Table 3-4. Results of conventional parameter measurements for sediment

collected from Triad stations in August 1997

Table 3-5. Threshold effects levels, probable effects levels, and no effects

concentrations as presented by USEPA (1996a)

Table 3-6. Summary of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus riparius sediment

toxicity test results

Table 3-7. Sheboygan River benthic metrics

Table 3-8. Sheboygan River benthic macroinvertebrate species list

Table 3-9. Triad analysis endpoints for sediment quality

Table 3-10. Summary of Triad results

Table 3-11. Station endpoint ranks

Table 4-1. Size and number of juvenile smallmouth bass grouped in

composite samples for the 1997 ERA

Table 4-2. Concentrations of total PCBs in fish collected in 1994 and 1997

Table 4-3. Comparison of total PCB concentrations in sediment

Table 4-4. Principal PCB congeners for fish tissue collected for the 1997 ERA

Table 4-5. Principal PCB congeners for fish tissue collected for the WDNR

food chain study

Table 4-6. Average fish TEQ concentrations per segment for 1997 juvenile

smallmouth bass

Table 4-7. Concentrations of PCBs and percent of total PCB concentration

of congeners 077, 118, and 126 in sediment collected in 1997

Table 4-8. Concentrations of PCBs and percent of total PCB concentration of
C:\SHEBOYGAN PDF\FIGSTABS.DOC

November 1998

congeners 077, 118, and 126 in juvenile smallmouth bass collected

in 1997

Table 4-9. Average fish TEQ concentrations per segment and fish type for the

WDNR food chain study data

Table 4-10a. Calculated BSAFs for total PCBs and associated confidence

intervals

Table 4-

10b.

Calculated BSAFs for TEQs and associated confidence intervals

Table 4-11. Percentage contribution of individual PCB congeners to fish TEQ

Table 4-12. Percentage contribution of individual PCB congeners to mammal

TEQ

Table 4-13. Percentage contribution of individual PCB congeners to bird TEQ

Table 4-14. Predicted versus observed PCB concentrations in juvenile

smallmouth bass tissues

Table 4-15. Lowest tissue concentrations of PCBs associated with adverse

effects in fish

Table 4-16. Range of NOAELs and LOAELs for 2,3,7,8-TCDD

Table 4-17. Measured and predicted total PCB concentrations in smallmouth

bass, white sucker, and longnose dace

Table 4-18. Measured and predicted TEQ concentrations in smallmouth bass

and white sucker

Table 4-19. Hazard quotients calculated using 10th and 50th percentile total

PCB effects concentrations and predicted egg concentrations

Table 4-20. Hazard quotients calculated using no effects and 10th and 50th

percentile total PCB effects concentrations and measured and

predicted PCB concentrations in adult fish

Table 4-21. Hazard quotients calculated using TEQ NOAEL and LOAEL and

predicted egg concentrations

Table 4-22. Sediment PAH concentrations

Table 5-1. Dietary field studies considered for the mink food web exposure

model

Table 5-2. Dietary field studies considered for the great blue heron food web

exposure model

Table 5-3. Mink and great blue heron exposure parameters

Table 5-4a. Number of fish captured per species and size class by mink in north

central Lower Michigan

Table 5-4b. Percent of fish captured per species and size class by great blue
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November 1998

herons

Table 5-5. Concentrations of total PCBs and TEQs in crayfish collected for the

WDNR food chain study in 1994

Table 5-6. Concentrations of total PCBs, mammal TEQs, and bird TEQs in

fish collected for the WDNR food chain study in 1994 and for the

1997 ERA

Table 5-7. Concentrations of PCBs, mammal TEQs, and bird TEQs in

sediments collected for the WDNR food chain study in 1994 and

for the 1997 ERA

Table 5-8. Mink and great blue heron dietary exposure calculations for TEQs

using 95 percent UCL and mean concentrations

Table 5-9. Mink and great blue heron dietary exposure calculations for total

PCBs using 95 percent UCL and mean concentrations

Table 5-10a. NOAEL-based toxicity reference values for mink and great blue

heron

Table 5-

10b.

LOAEL-based toxicity reference values for mink and great blue

heron

Table 5-11. Derivation of mink NOAEL-based and LOAEL-based toxicity

reference values

Table 5-12. Derivation of great blue heron NOAEL-based and LOAEL-based

toxicity reference values

Table 5-13. Comparison of 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQs derived using various TEF

values and dioxin, furan, and PCB congener data from dietary

toxicity tests

Table 5-14. NOAEL and LOAEL doses calculated using dietary concentration

data presented in Tillitt et al. 1996

Table 5-15. Various TEF values available for evaluating PCB toxicity to birds

and mammals

Table 5-16. Hazard quotients calculated for mink and great blue heron exposed

to TEQs through dietary ingestion

Table 5-17. Hazard quotients calculated for mink and great blue heron exposed

to PCBs through dietary ingestion

Table 6-1. Classification of stations as toxic compared with sediment

benchmark exceedances by chemical groups

Table 6-2. Number of correctly classified samples, false positives, and false

negatives, when toxicity is based on a statistical comparison to the

negative control

Table 6-3. Number of correctly classified samples, false positives, and false
C:\SHEBOYGAN PDF\FIGSTABS.DOC

November 1998

negatives, when toxicity is based on a statistical comparison to

reference

Table 6-4. Derivation of protective sediment concentrations in the Sheboygan

River for fish health endpoint using congener-specific food-web

bioaccumulation modeling

Table 6-5. Protective fish TEQ concentrations

Table 6-6. Derivation of protective sediment concentrations in the Sheboygan

River for mammalian health endpoint using congener-specific

food-web bioaccumulation modeling

Table 6-7. Derivation of protective sediment concentrations in the Sheboygan

River for avian health endpoint using congener-specific food-web

bioaccumulation modeling

Table 6-8. Protective sediment concentrations for fish

Table 6-9. Protective sediment concentrations for great blue heron

Table 6-10. Protective sediment concentrations for mink

Table 6-11. Total PCB protective sediment concentrations in Segments 2, 3,

and 5
Primary

source

Primary

Mechanism Secondary source Mechanism receptor Mechanism

Secondary 

receptor 

Industrial

and urban

activities

Runoff

Direct

contact

Trophic

transfer

Trophic

transfer

Mink

Great

Discharge Blue Heron

Exposure Point

Surface Sediment

 – Benthic invertebrates

 – Benthic fish

 – Aquatic vegetation

Exposure Point

Fish 

Crayfish

Exposure Point

Aquatic

invertebrates

Exposure Point

Surface Water

 – Benthic invertebrates

 – Fish

 – Aquatic vegetation

Legend

Pathway

Figure 2-2. Potential exposure pathways for ecological receptors
Figure 2-3. Aquatic food web exposure pathways

Ingested sediment

and detritus 

Aquatic

insects

Phyto

plankton

Mink

Zoo

plankton

Higher trophic 

level fish

Forage fish

Crayfish

Benthic/Epibenthic

invertebrates

Benthivorous

fish

Contaminated sediment

Indicates pathway for some fish in category
Benthic Invertebrates Fish Piscivores

Analyze fish tissue for PCB 

congeners

Obtain literature toxicity 

information for PCBs 

Review Schrank et al. (1997) study 

on PAH effects in fish 

Assess the potential for 

reproductive impairment and 

other adverse effects in fish

Calculate hazards quotients by 

comparing site-specific fish tissue 

concentrations of PCBs to 

benchmarks

Synthesize results from Schrank et 

Measure concentrations of COCs in 

sediment

Conduct toxicity tests with amphipods 

and

chironomids

Assess the potential for adverse effects

on diversity, abundance, growth and

survival of the benthic community

Conduct sediment quality 

triad 

Assess the potential for 

adverse repoductive effects in 

mink and great blue heron

Calculate hazard quotients by 

comparing site-specific dietary 

doses to toxicity benchmarks 

from the literature

Measure PCB concentrations in 

tissue of prey of mink and great 

blue heron

Develop food web model to 

estimate dietary dose of PCBs in 

mink and great blue heron diets

Obtain literature toxicity 

Assessment Endpoints Measurement Endpoints Risk Characterization

Figure 2-4. Assessment endpoints, measurement endpoints, and risk characterization approaches

for benthic invertebrates, fish, and piscivores 
Sheboygan

Falls Dam

River

Bend Dam

Rochester

Park

USGS

Gaging

Station

Kohler

C+NW RR

Bridge

New Jersey

Avenue Bridge

14th Street

Bridge

Pennsylvania

Avenue Bridge

Camp

Marina

Eighth

Street Bridge

Former Coal

Gasification Plant

(Approximate Location)

Esslingen 

Park

Sheboygan

Sheboygan

River

42 Lak e Mic higan

Chicago and North 				Wester

Indiana Avenue

Prepared from BBL (1995)

Sheboygan

Harbor

RM13

RM12 RM11

RM10

RM9

RM8

RM7

RM6

RM5

RM4

RM3

RM2 RM1

Tecumseh

Products

Company

Kohler

Landfill

Limits

of site

Fish Sample Area

Segment 2

T07

T08

T09

T10

T12

T13 T14

T15

T16

T17

T18

T19

T20

S2-1

S2-2

S2-3

S3-1 S3-2

S3-3

S5-1

S5-2 S5-3

S5-4

S5-5

Fish Sample Area

Segment 3

PP

PP

23

23

Taylor Drive

43

RA sampling conducted in August 1997

Sheboygan

Falls

Segment 2

Segment 4

Segment 3

On i on Rive

T04

Waelderhaus

Dam

Segment 5

New Jersey Avenue

Kiwanis 

Park

Fish Sample Area

Segment 5

T11

0 0.5 1 kilometer

0 0.5 1 mile

N

Segment 6

ent

designated 

ples are 
Weighted Average Rank

T01 T02 T03 T04 T07 T08 T09 T10 T11 T12 T13 T14 T15 T16 T17 T18 T19 T20

Station

Figure 3-2. Average Triad ranks for each station, weighted so that each 

leg of the Triad is equally represented

14

12

10

 8

 6

90% confidence interval

80% confidence interval
Average Chemistry Rank

Average Toxicity Rank

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

15

10

 5

T01

T02

T03

T04

T07

T08

T11 T09

T12

T14

T15

T16

T17

T20

Average Benthic Rank

Average Toxicity Rank

5 10 15

5 10 15

T01

T02

T07

T08

T11 T09

T12

T14

T15

T16

T17

T18

T20

Average Chemistry Rank

Average Benthic Rank

4 6 8 10 12 14 16

5 10 15

T01

T02

T03

T04

T07

T08

T09

T10

T11

T12

T13

T14

T15

T16

T17

T18

T19 T20

Figure 3-3. Scatter plots showing the average rank for each Triad leg plotted 

against each other

T18 T10

T19

T13 T04

T03 T10

T19

T13

Note: The highest ranks indicate the best performers for each leg
x

y

-4 -2 0 2 4

T01

T02

T03

T04

T08

T09

T10

T11

T12

T13

T14

T15

T16 T17

T18

T19

T20

Figure 3-4. Two-dimensional representation of distances between stations for all 

Triad endpoints

3

2

1

0

-1

-2

-3

Note: Station T07 was removed from this distance calculation to aviod distortion of the axes. 

	Stations located outside of the main cluster are considered to be different. 	
0 0.5 1 kilometer

0 0.5 1 mile

N

Kohler

Sheboygan

Sh eboygan

River

42 Lak e Mic higan

Chicago and North 				Wester

Indiana Avenue

Prepared from BBL (1995)

Sheboygan

Harbor

Kohler

Landfill

Limits

of site

PP

PP

23

23

Taylor Drive

43

New Jersey Avenue

On i on Rive

FC-2E

FC-2C

FC-2B

FC-3E

FC-3A FC-3D

FC-5C

FC-5D

FC-5B

FC-6E

FC-6A FC-6B

FC-5A

FC-3B

FC-3C

FC-2D

Figure 4-1. Locations of sediment samples collected for the WDNR food chain study
Figure 4-2. PCB congener pattern in 1997 sediment samples collected for the

ERA fish assessment

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.2

November 1998

Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087PCB091PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138\163\164

PCB149PCB153

5500

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB0PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087

PCB101/90

PCB091PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138\163\164

PCB149PCB153PCB180

 Congener concentration, μg/kg dw Congener concentration, μg/kg dw

b

a

PCB041/071/006

PCB101/90

PCB180

includes all samples in Segments 2, 3, and 5

includes all samples in Segments 2, 3, and 5

except samples S2-2 and S3-2
F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.3

November 1998

Figure 4-3. Average congener concentrations in 1997 sediment samples

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

1400.00

1600.00

1800.00

2000.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087PCB091PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138\163\164

PCB149PCB153

0.00

5000.00

10000.00

15000.00

20000.00

25000.00

30000.00

35000.00

40000.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087PCB091PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138\163\164

PCB149PCB153

Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 5

b

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg OC Congener concentration, μg/kg dw

PCB101/90

PCB180

PCB041/071/006

PCB101/90

PCB180

PCB041/071/006

dry weight

organic carbon normalized
Figure 4-4. Average congener composition of 1997 sediment samples in

Segments 1, 2, 3, and 5

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.4

November 1998

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087PCB091PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138\163\164

PCB149PCB153

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 5

% of total PCBs

PCB041/071/006

PCB101/90

PCB180
F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.5

November 1998

Figure 4-5. Average congener composition of juvenile smallmouth bass tissue

collected in 1997 from Segments 1, 2, 3, and 5

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 5

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087

PCB101/090

PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153PCB180

% of total PCBs
F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.6

November 1998

Figure 4-6. Average congener concentrations in juvenile smallmouth bass tissue

collected in 1997

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153

0.00

10000.00

20000.00

30000.00

40000.00

50000.00

60000.00

70000.00

80000.00

90000.00

100000.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052PCB066

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB085PCB087PCB095PCB097PCB099PCB105PCB110PCB118PCB128

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153

Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 5

b

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg lipid Congener concentration, μg/kg ww

PCB180

PCB101/90

PCB041/071/006

PCB180

PCB101/90

PCB041/071/006

wet weight

lipid normalized
Figure 4-7. Segment 1: Average sediment congener concentrations in the ERA

and WDNR studies

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.7

November 1998

1997 ERA WDNR food chain study

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118

PCB138\163\164

PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

b

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg OC

These congener concentrations are as reported in the 1997 ERA. In the WDNR

food chain study PCB 110 was reported as PCB 110/077, PCB101/90 was

reported as PCB101, and PCB153 was reported as PCB153/132. Congener concentration, μg/kg dw

a

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118

PCB138\163\164

PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

0.00

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.60

0.70

0.90

1.00

0.50

0.80

0.10

dry weight basis

organic carbon normalized
1997 ERA (all samples) 1997 ERA (minus S2-2)

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.8

November 1998

Figure 4-8. Segment 2: Average sediment PCB congener concentrations in the ERA

and WDNR studies

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

PCB138/163/164

a

WDNR food chain study

0.00

5000.00

10000.00

15000.00

20000.00

25000.00

30000.00

35000.00

40000.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

PCB138/163/164

b

 Congener concentration, μg/kg dw Congener concentration, μg/kg OC

These congener concentrations are as reported in the 1997 ERA. In the WDNR

food chain study PCB 110 was reported as PCB 110/077, PCB101/90 was

reported as PCB101, and PCB153 was reported as PCB153/132.

a

dry weight basis

organic carbon normalized
Figure 4-9. Segment 3: Average sediment congener concentrations in the ERA

and WDNR studies

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.9

November 1998

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118

PCB138\163\164

PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

2000.00

0.00

5000.00

10000.00

15000.00

20000.00

25000.00

30000.00

35000.00

40000.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118

PCB138\163\164

PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

b

 Congener concentration, μg/kg OC

1997 ERA (all samples) 1997 ERA (minus S3-2) WDNR food chain study

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg dw

These congener concentrations are as reported in the 1997 ERA. In the WDNR

food chain study PCB 110 was reported as PCB 110/077, PCB101/90 was

reported as PCB101, and PCB153 was reported as PCB153/132.

a

dry weight basis

organic carbon normalized
Figure 4-11. Average congener composition in sediments collected for

the 1997 ERA and the WDNR food chain study

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.11

November 1998

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118

PCB138\163\164

PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 5

b

a

% of total PCBs % of total PCBs

These congener concentrations are as reported in the 1997 ERA. In the WDNR

food chain study PCB 110 was reported as PCB 110/077, PCB101/90 was

reported as PCB101, and PCB153 was reported as PCB153/132.

a

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090a

PCB110a

PCB118

PCB138\163\164

PCB149

PCB153a

PCB180

1997 ERA

WDNR food chain study
F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.12

November 1998

Figure 4-12. Segment 1: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

Segment 1: Smallmouth bass ww conc.

SMB Juv 97 SMB Adult 94 SMB YOY 94

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

1000.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

b

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg ww Congener concentration, μg/kg lipid

wet weight

lipid normalized
Figure 4-13. Segment 2: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.13

November 1998

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153PCB180

b

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg ww Congener concentration, μg/kg lipid

SMB Juv 97 SMB Adult 94 SMB YOY 94

wet weight

lipid normalized
F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.14

November 1998

Figure 4-14. Segment 3: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

SMB Juv 97 SMB Adult 94 SMB YOY 94

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153PCB180

b

a

 Congener concentration, μg/kg ww Congener concentration, μg/kg lipid

wet weight

lipid normalized
Figure 4-15. Segment 5: Tissue congener concentrations from ERA (juvenile smallmouth

bass) and WDNR (adult and young-of-year smallmouth bass) studies

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.15

November 1998

0.00

500.00

1000.00

1500.00

2000.00

2500.00

3000.00

3500.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153PCB180

b

a

SMB Juv 97 SMB Adult 94 SMB YOY 94

 Congener concentration, μg/kg lipid Congener concentration, μg/kg ww

wet weight

lipid normalized
F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.16

November 1998

Figure 4-16. Average congener composition in smallmouth bass tissues from ERA

and WDNR studies

SMB Juv 97 SMB Adult 94 SMB YOY 94

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149PCB153PCB180

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

b

a

% of total PCBs % of total PCBs

Segment 1

Segment 2
Figure 4-16, continued

F:\HAZMAT.575\575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FIG.4.16

November 1998

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

SMB Juv 97 SMB Adult 94 SMB YOY 94

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

PCB017

PCB031/028

PCB041/071/006

PCB044

PCB047/048

PCB049PCB052

PCB070/076

PCB074PCB087PCB091PCB097PCB099

PCB101/090

PCB110

PCB118

PCB138/163/164

PCB149

PCB153

PCB180

d

c

% of total PCBs % of total PCBs

Segment 5

Segment 3
Figure 4-17. Histograms showing BSAF values found using empirical bootstrapping on 1997 ERA 

sediment and smallmouth bass PCB data from each river segment (n=1000) 

0 10 20 30

Value Value

0 10 20 30

0 10 20 30

Value

0 10 20 30

Segment 3 Segment 5

Value

Density

0.15

0.10

0.05

 0.0

Density

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

 0.0

Density

0.30

0.20

0.10

 0.0

Density

0.12

0.08

0.04

 0.0

Actual BSAF Bootstrap Mean 90% Confidence Interval
0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15

0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15

Figure 4-18. Histograms showing BSAF values found using empirical bootstrapping on combined 

sediment PCB data from WDNR food chain study and 1997 ERA and smallmouth bass PCB data 

from 1997 ERA (n=1000) 

Actual BSAF Bootstrap Mean 90% Confidence Interval

Segment 3 Segment 5 Density

0.30

0.20

0.10

 0.0

Density

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

Density

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

Density

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0
Observed PCB Concentration (μg/kg)

Model-Predicted Concentration (μg/kg)

Figure 4-19. Logarithmic plot of predicted versus observed concentrations

of three PCB congeners in Sheboygan River smallmouth bass, using food

web bioaccumulation model

2/575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FINAL\FIG.4-19

November 1998

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Ideal Fit (i.e.,

model prediction)

5X Ideal Fit 0.2X Ideal Fit

PCB 66 PCB 77 PCB 105

PCB 118 PCB 126 PCB 156
220

240

260

280

300

95% UCL and Mean Heron TEQ Exposure

NOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

95% UCL and Mean Heron TEQ Exposure

LOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

95% UCL and Mean Mink TEQ Exposure

NOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

95% UCL and Mean Mink TEQ Exposure

LOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

Figure 5-1. TEQ hazard quotients for mink and great blue heron

2/575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FINAL\FIG.5-1

November 1998

95 percent upper confidence limit Mean

220

240

260

280

300

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6
95% UCL and Mean Heron PCB Exposure

NOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

95% UCL and Mean Heron PCB Exposure

LOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

95% UCL and Mean Mink PCB Exposure

NOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

95% UCL and Mean Mink PCB Exposure

LOAEL-Based Hazard Quotients

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Reference

Segments 2/3Segments 5/6

Figure 5-2. Total PCB hazard quotients for mink and great blue heron

2/575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\FINAL\FIG.5-2

November 1998

95 percent upper confidence limit Mean
PCB congener (μg/kg)

Total PCBs (

μg/kg)

0 20 40 60

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

Y = 300X + 130

Figure 6-1. Example of linear regression for PCB Congener 77

2/575-37\DELIVER\ERA\GRAPHICS\Final\FIG6-1

November 1998
Table 2-1. Fish species found in the Sheboygan River

HABITAT USAGE

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME SPAWNING NURSERY

ADULT

FORAGE MIGRATORY

Resident Fish Species

Bass and sunfish Centrarchidae

Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu ♦ ♦ ♦

Rock bass Ambloplites rupestris ♦ ♦ ♦

Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus ♦ ♦ ♦

Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus ♦ ♦ ♦

Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus ♦ ♦ ♦

Carp, minnows, suckers Cypriniformes

Common carp Cyprinus carpio ♦ ♦ ♦

White sucker Catostomus

commersoni

♦ ♦ ♦

Redhorses Moxostoma spp. ♦ ♦ ♦

Common shiner Luxilus cornutus ♦ ♦ ♦

Hornyhead chub Nocomis biguttatus ♦ ♦ ♦

Longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae ♦ ♦ ♦

Sand shiner Notropis stramineus ♦ ♦ ♦

Perch Percidae

Walleye Stizostedion vitreum ♦ ♦ ♦

Blackside darter Percina maculata ♦ ♦ ♦

Log perch Percina caprodes ♦ ♦ ♦

Catfish Suluriformes

Channel catfish Ictaleurus punctatus ♦ ♦ ♦

Stonecat Noturus flavus ♦ ♦ ♦

Other

Northern pike Esox lucius ♦ ♦ ♦

Herring Clupeiformes

Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus ♦ ♦ ♦

Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum ♦ ♦ ♦

Anadromous Fish Speciesa

Pacific salmonids Salmoniformes

Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch ♦

Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus

tshawytscha

♦ ♦

Steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ♦ ♦

a The anadromous salmonids do not spawn in the Sheboygan River; suitable spawning habitat is not

present.
SCIENTIFIC NAME

FAMILY GENUS AND SPECIES COMMON NAME

Birds

Accipiditridae Pandion haliaetus Osprey

Alcedinidae Ceryle alcyon Kingfisher

Anatidae Aix sponsa Wood duck

Anatidae Anas acuta Northern pintail

Anatidae Anas clypeata Northern shoveler

Anatidae Anas crecca Green-wing teal

Anatidae Anas discors Blue-wing teal

Anatidae Anas platyrhynchus Mallard

Anatidae Anas rubripes Black duck

Anatidae Aythya affinis Lesser scaup

Anatidae Aythya collaris Ring-necked duck

Anatidae Branta canadensis Canada goose

Anatidae Bucephala albeola Bufflehead

Anatidae Bucephala clangula Common goldeneye

Anatidae Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded merganser

Anatidae Mergus merganser Common merganser

Anatidae Mergus serrator Red-breasted merganser

Ardeidae Ardea herodias Great blue heron

Ardeidae Butorides striatus Green-backed heron

Ardeidae Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night heron

Charadriidae Charadrius vociferus Killdeer

Emberigidae Agelaius phoeniceus Red-winged blackbird

Falconidae Falco peregrinus Peregrine falcon

Hirundinidae Hirundo pyrrhonota Cliff swallow

Hirundinidae Tachycineta bicolor Tree swallow

Laridae Larus argentatus Herring gull

Laridae Larus delawarensis Ring-billed gull

Laridae Larus philadelphia Bonaparte’s gull

Laridae Sterna caspia Caspian tern

Laridae Sterna forsteri Forster’s tern

Laridae Sterna hirundo Common tern

Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax Cormorant

Podicipedidae Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed grebe

Rallidae Fulica americana American coot

Scolopacidae Actitis macularia Spotted sandpiper

Scolopacidae Gallinago gallinago Common snipe

Scolopacidae Tringa solitaria Solitary sandpiper

Mammals

Cricetidae Ondatra zibethicus Muskrat

Procyonidae Procyon lotor Raccoon

Mustelidae Mustela vison Mink

Castoridae Castor canadensis Beaver

Table 2-2. Wildlife species associated with the aquatic

and semi-aquatic habitats of the Sheboygan River
Table 2-3. Historical concentrations of PCBs measured in wildlife

collected from the Sheboygan River and Harbor

SPECIES

PCB CONCENTRATIONS

(mg/kg ww)

TISSUE

TYPE

YEAR

COLLECTED LOCATION

Birds

Mallard 3 MS Unknown Sheboygan River

2 MS Unknown Sheboygan River

4.6 MS Unknown Sheboygan River

18 MS Unknown Sheboygan River

11 MS Unknown Sheboygan River

15 MS Unknown Sheboygan River

0.39 MS Unknown Sheboygan Marsh

3.0–18.0 MS 1985− 1986 Sheboygan Falls to

Lake Michigan

214.41 ± 216.14a MS 1985− 1986 Sheboygan River

Wood Duck 1.3 MS Unknown Sheboygan Falls

Lesser Scaup 0.97 M Unknown Lake Michigan near

Sheboygan Harbor

0.84 M Unknown Lake Michigan near

Sheboygan Harbor

5.7 MS Unknown Lake Michigan near

Sheboygan Harbor

5 MS Unknown Lake Michigan near

Sheboygan Harbor

5.0–5.7 MS 1985–1986 Sheboygan Harbor

25.42 ± 6.48 MS 1985–1986 Sheboygan Harbor

Mammals

Mink 1.9 MF Unknown Sheboygan

SOURCE: BBL 1990

NOTE: M - muscle without skin or fat

MF - muscle with fat

MS - muscle with skin and fat

a Lipid normalized.
Table 2-4. Toxic equivalency factors used in the fish assessment

CONGENER

TEF

WHO 1997

TEF

WALKER AND

PETERSON 1991

TEF

ZABEL ET AL. 1995a

TEF

USED IN FISH

ASSESSMENT

Dioxins

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 1 1 1

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1 0.73 0.73 0.73

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.5 0.319 0.319 0.319

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.01 na 0.024 0.024

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD 0.01 na na 0.01

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.001 na 0.002 0.002

OCDD na na na na

Furans

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.05 0.028 0.028 0.028

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05 0.034 0.034 0.034

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5 0.359 0.359 0.359

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.28 0.28 0.28

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 na na 0.1

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF 0.1 na na 0.1

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 na na 0.1

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 na na 0.01

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01 na na 0.01

OCDF 0.0001 na na 0.0001

PCB congeners

081 0.0005 na 0.00056 0.00056

077 0.0001 0.00016 0.00016 0.00016

126 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

169 0.00005 na 0.000041 0.000041

105 <0.000005 <0.00007 <0.00000172 0.00000172

114 <0.000005 na na 0.000005

118 <0.000005 <0.00007 <0.00000302 0.00000302

123 <0.000005 na na 0.000005

156 <0.000005 na <0.00000167 0.00000167

157 <0.000005 na na 0.000005

167 <0.000005 na na 0.000005

189 <0.000005 na na 0.000005

NOTE: TEF - toxic equivalency factor

na - not available
Table 2-5. Toxic equivalency factors used in the piscivore assessment

RECEPTOR SPECIES

CONGENER BIRD TEFa MAMMAL TEFb

Dioxins

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 1

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1.1 1

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD na 0.1

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD na 0.1

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD na 0.1

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD na 0.01

OCDD na 0.0001

Furans

2,3,7,8-TCDF 1.1 0.1

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF na 0.05

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF na 0.5

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF na 0.1

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF na 0.1

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF na 0.1

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF na 0.1

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF na 0.01

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF na 0.01

OCDF na 0.0001

PCB Congeners

077 0.03 0.0001

114 na 0.0005

123 na 0.0001

156 0.001 0.0005

157 0.002 0.0005

169 0.02 0.01

189 na 0.0001

105 0.005 0.0001

118 0.001 0.0001

126 0.3 0.1

081 0.2 0.0001

167 0.002 0.00001

194 0.00005 na

128 0.001 na

138 0.001 na

170 0.0002 na

180 0.0002 na

110 0.00005 na

002 0.00001 na

012 0.0008 na

035 0.0007 na

037 0.0004 na

078 0.0001 na

079 0.004 na

080 0.00008 na

127 0.005 na

066 0.002 na

070 0.0004 na

139 0.0006 na

122 0.00002 na

NOTE: TEF - toxic equivalency factor

na - not available

a Kennedy et al. 1996

b WHO 1997
Table 2-6. Dioxin, furan, and PCB congener concentrations measured in three fish tissue samples and respective

TEQ concentrations for fish

SAMPLE F2-1 SAMPLE F2-2 SAMPLE F2-3

CONGENER TEQ CONGENER TEQ CONGENER TEQ

FISH CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATIO

N

PERCENT OF CONCENTRATIO

N

CONCENTRATIO

N

PERCENT OF CONCENTRATIO

N

CONCENTRATIO

N

PERCENT OF

ANALYTE TEF (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ

Dioxins/furans

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 0.19 0.19 1.2 0.19 0.19 0.90 0.19 0.19 1.7

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 0.73 0.13 0.095 0.61 0.11 0.08 0.38 0.005U 0.0037 0.033

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.319 0.06 0.019 0.12 0.01U 0.0032 0.015 0.05 0.016 0.14

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.024 0.11 0.0026 0.017 0.01U 0.00024 0.0011 0.1 0.0024 0.022

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.002 0.25 0.0005 0.0032 0.22 0.00044 0.0021 0.2 0.0004 0.0036

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.028 1.88 0.053 0.34 2.14 0.06 0.28 2.2 0.062 0.56

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.034 0.18 0.0061 0.039 0.22 0.0075 0.035 0.29 0.0099 0.1

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.359 1.98 0.71 4.6 2.57 0.92 4.3 1.71 0.61 5.5

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.28 0.13 0.036 0.23 0.18 0.05 0.24 0.13 0.036 0.32

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.07 0.007 0.045 0.08 0.008 0.038 0.02U 0.002 0.018

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.06 0.006 0.039 0.06 0.006 0.028 0.06 0.006 0.054

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 0.13 0.0013 0.0084 0.1 0.001 0.0047 0.08 0.0008 0.0072

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.1 0.08 0.0008 0.0052 0.015U 0.00015 0.00071 0.02U 0.00002 0.00018

OCDF 0.0001 0.34 0.000034 0.00022 0.015U 0.0000015 0.0000071 0.02U 0.000002 0.000018

Dioxin and furan TEQ 1.1 7.3 1.3 6.3 0.94 8.5

PCBs

077 0.00016 39,400 6.3 41 53,000 8.5 40 25,400 4.1 37

105 0.00000172 300,000 0.52 3.4 330,000 0.57 2.7 210,000 0.36 3.2

114 0.000005 28,700 0.14 0.90 32,700 0.16 0.76 24,000 0.12 1.1

118 0.00000302 570,000 1.7 11 890,000 2.7 13 480,000 1.4 13

123 0.000005 11,700 0.059 0.38 11,000 0.055 0.26 10,900 0.055 0.50

126 0.005 1,070 5.4 35 1,510 7.6 36 786 3.9 35

156 0.00000167 51,400 0.086 0.56 63,000 0.11 0.52 45,100 0.075 0.68

157 0.000005 10,900 0.055 0.36 10,500 0.053 0.25 8,160 0.041 0.37

167 0.000005 18,700 0.094 0.61 19,900 0.1 0.47 15,700 0.079 0.71

189 0.000005 2,160 0.011 0.071 2,350 0.012 0.057 1,800 0.009 0.081

Dioxin, furan, and PCB total TEQ 15 100 21 100 11 100

NOTE: TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivalent

U - undetected congener; value represents one-half the detection limit
Table 2-7. Dioxin, furan, and PCB congener concentrations measured in three fish tissue samples and respective

TEQ concentrations for mammals

SAMPLE F2-1 SAMPLE F2-2 SAMPLE F2-3

CONGENER TEQ CONGENER TEQ CONGENER TEQ

MAMMAL CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION PERCENT OF CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATIO

N

PERCENT OF CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION PERCENT OF

ANALYTE TEF (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ

Dioxins/furans

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 0.19 0.19 0.076 0.19 0.19 0.057 0.19 0.19 0.099

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1 0.13 0.13 0.052 0.11 0.11 0.033 0.005U 0.005 0.0026

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.06 0.006 0.0024 0.001 0.001 0.00030 0.05 0.005 0.0026

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD 0.1 0.11 0.011 0.0044 0.001 0.001 0.00030 0.1 0.01 0.0052

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD 0.01 0.25 0.0025 0.0010 0.0022 0.0022 0.00066 0.2 0.002 0.0010

OCDD 0.0001 0.86 0.000086 0.000034 0.000085 0.000085 0.000025 0.75 0.000075 0.000039

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.1 1.88 0.19 0.076 0.21 0.21 0.063 2.23 0.22 0.11

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDF 0.05 0.18 0.009 0.0036 0.011 0.011 0.0033 0.29 0.015 0.0078

2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF 0.5 1.98 0.99 0.40 1.3 1.3 0.39 1.71 0.86 0.45

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.13 0.013 0.0052 0.018 0.018 0.0054 0.13 0.013 0.0068

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.07 0.007 0.0028 0.008 0.008 0.0024 0.02U 0.002 0.0010

2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF 0.1 0.06 0.006 0.0024 0.006 0.006 0.0018 0.06 0.006 0.0031

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 0.01 0.13 0.0013 0.00052 0.001 0.001 0.00030 0.08 0.0008 0.00042

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF 0.01 0.08 0.0008 0.00032 0.00015 0.00015 0.000045 0.02U 0.0002 0.00010

OCDF 0.0001 0.34 0.000034 0.000014 0.0000015 0.0000015 0.00000045 0.02U 0.000002 0.0000010

Dioxin and furan TEQ 1.6 0.62 0.0018 0.56 0.0013 0.69

PCBs

077 0.0001 39,400 3.9 1.6 53,000 5.3 1.6 25,400 2.5 1.3

105 0.0001 300,000 30 12 330,000 33 9.9 210,000 21 11

114 0.0005 28,700 14 5.6 32,700 16 4.8 24,000 12 6.2

118 0.0001 570,000 57 23 890,000 89 27 480,000 48 25

123 0.0001 11,700 1.2 0.48 11,000 1.1 0.33 10,900 1.1 0.57

126 0.1 1,070 110 44 1,510 150 45 786 79 41

156 0.0005 51,400 26 10 63,000 32 9.6 45,100 23 12

157 0.0005 10,900 5.5 2.2 10,500 5.3 1.6 8,160 4.1 2.1

189 0.0001 2,160 0.22 0.088 2,350 0.24 0.072 1,800 0.18 0.094

Dioxin, furan, and PCB total TEQ 250 100 330 100 190 100

NOTE: TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivalent

U - undetected congener; value represents one-half the detection limit
Table 2-8. Dioxin, furan, and PCB congener concentrations measured in three fish tissue samples and respective

TEQ concentrations for birds

SAMPLE F2-1 SAMPLE F2-2 SAMPLE F2-3

CONGENER TEQ CONGENER TEQ CONGENER TEQ

BIRD CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION PERCENT OF CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION PERCENT OF CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION PERCENT OF

ANALYTE TEF (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ (ng/kg) (ng/kg) TOTAL TEQ

Dioxins/furans

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 0.19 0.19 0.0038 0.19 0.19 0.0028 0.19 0.19 0.0051

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD 1.1 0.13 0.14 0.0028 0.11 0.12 0.0018 0.005U 0.0055 0.00015

2,3,7,8-TCDF 1.1 1.9 2.1 0.042 2.1 2.4 0.036 2.3 2.5 0.067

Dioxin and furan TEQ 2.4 0.049 2.7 0.040 2.7 0.072

PCBs

066 0.002 490,000 980 20 780,000 1,600 24 420,000 840 22

077 0.03 39,400 1,200 24 53,000 1,600 24 25,400 760 20

105 0.005 300,000 1,500 30 330,000 1,700 25 210,000 1,100 29

110 0.00005 2,800,000 140 2.8 4,200,000 210 3.1 2,300,000 120 3.2

118 0.001 570,000 570 11 890,000 890 13 480,000 480 13

126 0.3 1,070 320 6.4 1,510 450 6.7 786 240 6.4

128 0.001 130,000 130 2.6 98,000 98 1.5 88,000 88 2.4

156 0.001 51,400 51 1.0 63,000 63 0.94 45,100 45 1.2

157 0.002 10,900 22 0.44 10,500 21 0.31 8,160 16 0.43

167 0.002 18,700 37 0.74 19,900 40 0.60 15,700 31 0.83

170 0.0002 48,200 9.6 0.19 45,400 9.1 0.14 37,200 7.4 0.20

180 0.0002 82,300 16 0.32 75,400 15 0.22 72,000 14 0.37

194 0.00005 14,000 0.70 0.014 16,000 0.8 0.012 9,900 0.5 0.013

Dioxin, furan, and PCB total TEQ 5,000 100 6,700 100 3,700 100

NOTE: TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivalent

U - undetected congener; value represents one-half the detection limit
Table 2-9. Summary of data evaluated for

contaminants of concern screening

TYPE OF DATA REFERENCE ANALYTES COMMENTS

Sediment

Sediment BBL 1990 PCBs, trace elements,

PAHs (subset),

pesticides (subset),

dioxin/furan (1 sample

only)

Sediment core samples were collected

throughout the river (Sheboygan Falls to 1 mi

upstream from the mouth of the river) prior to

removal activities in 1987 at sediment depths

ranging from 0.3 to 3.5 ft.

Sediment BBL 1990 PCBs, trace elements

(subset), PAHs

(subset), pesticides

(subset), dioxin (1

sample only)

Sediment samples were collected from the

lower river and harbor at depths of 0–0.5 ft,

0.5–2 ft, 2–4 ft, 4–6 ft, 6–8 ft, 8–12 ft,

12–16 ft, and 16–20 ft (not all depths at all

locations) in 1987 prior to removal activities.

Sediment BBL 1992 PCBs Sediment samples were collected shortly

after removal activities in 1990 and 1991.

Sediment BBL 1995 PCBs Sediment samples were collected from 1989

to 1991 during pre-removal and post-removal

activities.

Sediment Traps WDNR 1997 PCBs, trace elements

(subset), PAHs

(subset)

Sediment trap samples were collected at

nine monitoring stations from 1990 to 1996.

Sediment WDNR

1996a

PCB congeners,

PAHs, metals

Samples were collected in 1994 and 1995 as

part of the WDNR food chain study.

Sediment 1997 ERA

(this study)

PCB congeners, PCB

Aroclors, PAHs, metals

Sediment samples were collected in 1997 for

the current ecological risk assessment.

Water

Water BBL 1990 PCBs and trace

elements, filtered and

unfiltered

Samples were collected in 1987 and 1988.

Water BBL 1995 PCBs, conventional

analytes

Water data were collected before, during,

and after removal activities from 1989 to

1993. Water data collected during removal

activities were not used for screening.

Tissue

Resident Fish WDNR 1997 PCBs, trace elements

(subset), PAHs

(subset), pesticides

(subset), dioxins

(subset)

Large state database of fish sampling

conducted throughout the Sheboygan River

from 1976 to 1994.

Resident Fish WDNR

1996a

PCB congeners,

metals, PAHs

Samples were collected in 1994 as part of

the WDNR food chain study.

Resident Fish 1997 ERA

(this study)

PCB congeners,

dioxins (subset)

Samples were collected in 1997 for the

current ecological risk assessment.

Crayfish and

Insects

WDNR

1996a

PCB congeners,

metals, PAHs

Chemical analyses of crayfish and adult and

larval invertebrates were conducted in 1994

as part of the WDNR food chain study.
MAXIMUM SITE CONCENTRATION (mg/kg)

CONTAMINANT TELa

RIVER

(BBL

1990)

LOWER RIVER

AND HARBOR

(BBL 1990)

SEDIMENT

TRAP (WDNR

1997 DATA)

SEDIMENT CORE

(WDNR 1996a) 1997 ERA

Metals

Arsenic 10.8 23 20 25 1.9 2.8

Cadmium 0.583 3.2 3.7 1.2 2.2 0.47

Chromium 36.3 140 460 35 28 79

Copper 28 160 150 63 87 35

Lead 37.2 720 720 110 63 130

Mercury 0.174b 0.42 0.68 0.79 0.27 0.20

Nickel 19.5 90 350 21 na 19

Silver — 0.63 0.9 na 6 0.25

Zinc 98.1 300 370 170 na 110

Organic compounds

Total PAHs 0.264 4.0 63 44 26c 7.2

Total PCBs 0.0316b 4,500 0.22 180d 460e 760

NOTE: na – not analyzed

— not available

TEL – threshold effects level

a TELs based on toxicity test data for Hyalella azteca using 28-day survival,

growth, and reproduction endpoints (USEPA 1996a). b TELs for mercury and total PCBs from Smith et al. (1996) because none

available in USEPA (1996a).

c Total PAHs were 3,519 mg/kg at depth near the Camp Marina coal

gasification site (sample 6DUPPAH). d Galarneau pers. comm. 1998. e Galarneau pers. comm. 1998; core taken at Rochester Park.

Table 2-10. Maximum concentrations of contaminants in

sediment compared to threshold effects levels
Table 2-11. Comparison of the site-specific 95 percent upper confidence

limit contaminant concentrations in fish with the mean reference area

concentrations in fish

SEGMENT 1

(REFERENCE)

MEAN

(mg/kg)

SEGMENT 2

95% UCL

(mg/kg)

SEGMENT 3

95% UCL

(mg/kg)

SEGMENT 5

95% UCL

(mg/kg)

SEGMENT 6

95% UCL

(mg/kg)

Total PCBs 0.11 26 22 12 nc

Arsenic nd nc nc nc nd

Cadmium nd nc nc nc nd

Chromium nd nc nc nc nd

Copper 0.55 nc nc nc 0.75

Lead nd nc nc nc nd

Mercury 0.077 nc nc nc 0.11

Zinc 14 nc nc nc 13

NOTE: nc - not collected

nd - not detected; detection limits were not available

Raw data are presented in Schrank et al. (1997)

UCL - upper confidence limit
Table 2-12. Comparison of the site-specific 95 percent upper confidence limit mercury and

PAH sediment concentrations with the mean reference area sediment concentrations

MERCURY (mg/kg) PAHS (mg/kg)

NO. OF

STATIONS

NO. OF

STATIONS ACENAPHTHENE

ACENAPHTHYLENE ANTHRACENEBENZO(a)

ANTHRACENE

BENZO(a)

PYRENE

BENZO(b)

FLUORANTHENE

BENZO(e)

PYRENE

1997 ERA

Reference mean 4 0.05 4 0.0029 U 0.0029 U 0.0047 0.0023 0.0029 0.031 na

Segment 6 UCL 9 0.08 9 0.032 0.016 0.082 0.38 0.41 0.44 na

Segment 5 UCL 5

a

0.08 5

a

0.040 0.0057 0.10 0.43 0.45 0.49 na

Segment 3 value 1 0.04 1 0.0074 0.0057 U 0.022 0.078 0.091 0.083 na

Segment 2 value 1 0.20 1 0.0058 U 0.0058 U 0.0058 U 0.029 0.034 0.047 na

WDNR food chain study

Reference mean 5 0.08 3 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U

Segment 6 UCL 6 0.13 4 0.39 0.20 0.45 1.8 1.0 1.2 0.77

Segment 5 UCL 5 0.08 4 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.12 0.70 0.64 0.080 0.51

Segment 3 UCL 6 0.07 4 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.13 0.17 0.21 0.16

Segment 2 UCL 5 0.19 3 0.31 0.31 0.86 2.3 1.9 2.7 1.3

PAHS, CONTINUED (mg/kg)

NO. OF

STATIONS

BENZO(b)

FLUORANTHENE BENZO (e) PYRENE

BENZO(g,h,i)

PERYLENE

BENZO(k)

FLUORANTHENE CHRYSENE

DIBENZO(a, h)

ANTHRACENE DIBENZOFURAN

1997 ERA

Reference mean 4 0.031 na 0.014 0.026 0.030 0.0047 0.0029

Segment 6 UCL 9 0.44 na 0.17 0.34 0.38 0.041 0.021

Segment 5 UCL 5

a

0.49 na 0.23 0.37 0.44 0.058 0.025

Segment 3 value 1 0.083 na 0.042 0.091 0.94 0.015 0.0057 U

Segment 2 value 1 0.047 na 0.018 0.031 0.044 0.0058 U 0.0058 U

WDNR food chain study

Reference mean 3 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U na

Segment 6 UCL 4 1.2 0.77 0.34 0.50 1.3 0.050 U na

Segment 5 UCL 4 0.80 0.51 0.20 0.33 0.67 0.050 U na

Segment 3 UCL 4 0.21 0.16 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.14 0.050 U na

Segment 2 UCL 3 2.7 1.3 0.069 1.2 2.1 0.31 U na
Table 2-12, continued

PAHS, CONTINUED (mg/kg)

NO. OF

STATIONS

FLUORANTHENE FLUORENEINDENO(1,2,3-c d)

PYRENE PERYLENE

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE NAPHTHALENE PHENANTHRENE PYRENE

1997 ERA

Reference mean 4 0.063 0.0043 0.020 na 0.0029 0.040 0.057

Segment 6 UCL 9 0.93 0.048 0.23 na 0.026 0.025 0.44 0.077

Segment 5 UCL 5

a

1.3 0.062 0.31 na 0.017 0.015 0.69 0.098

Segment 3 value 1 0.16 0.013 0.053 na 0.0057 U 0.0057 U 0.12 0.022

Segment 2 value 1 0.063 0.0069 0.018 na 0.0092 0.0092 0.048 0.068

WDNR food chain study

Reference mean 3 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U 0.050 U na na 0.050 U 0.050 U

Segment 6 UCL 4 2.5 0.31 0.43 0.28 na na 2.0 3.2

Segment 5 UCL 4 2.4 0.050 U 0.027 0.15 na na 0.92 2.0

Segment 3 UCL 4 0.35 0.050 U 0.050 0.11 na na 0.020 0.27

Segment 2 UCL 3 6.7 0.31 0.87 0.31 na na 4.6 5.2

NOTE: na - not available

U - undetected; value represents one-half the detection limit

UCL - upper confidence limit

Raw data are presented in Tables A1-1, A1-3, A3-2, and A3-3 in Appendix A

a

Three stations and two duplicates.
Table 2-13. Comparison of 95 percent upper confidence limit mercury

tissue concentrations in organisms collected from the Sheboygan River

with mean reference area tissue concentrations

MERCURY TISSUE CONCENTRATIONS (mg/kg ww)

TISSUE TYPE

REFERENCE

MEAN

SEGMENT 2

95% UCL

SEGMENT 3

95% UCL

SEGMENT 5

95% UCL

SEGMENT 6

95% UCL

Emergent insects 0.061 0.053 0.035 0.035 not collected

Larval insects 0.025 0.036 0.024 0.028 not collected

Crayfish 0.043 0.026 0.030 0.031 not collected

Fish 0.077 not collected not collected not collected 0.11

NOTE: UCL - upper confidence limit

Raw data are presented in Table A3-6 in Appendix A and in Schrank et al. (1997)
Table 2-14. Comparison of 95 percent upper confidence limit PAH tissue concentrations in organisms collected

from the Sheboygan River with the mean reference area tissue concentrations

PAH CONCENTRATION (mg/kg)

TISSUE TYPE LOCATIONS ACENAPHTHYLENE ACENAPHTHENE FLUORENE PHENANTHRENE ANTHRACENE FLUORANTHENE

Larval insects Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0087 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.016 0.040 0.0035 U 0.034

Emergent insects Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.006 0.029 0.0035 U 0.019

Study sites 0.0035 U 0.005 0.056 0.036 0.0035 U 0.024

Crayfish Reference not collected 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites not collected 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

PYRENE

BENZO(a)

ANTHRACENE CHRYSENE

BENZO(b)

FLUORANTHENE

BENZO(k)

FLUORANTHENE BENZO(e)PYRENE

Larval insects Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites 0.028 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0098 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Emergent insects Reference 0.017 0.0035 U 0.015 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites 0.023 0.014 U 0.022 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Crayfish Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

BENZO(a)PYRENE PERYLENE

INDENO(1,2,3-cD)

PYRENE

DIBENZO(a,h)

ANTHRACENE

BENZO(g,h,i)

PERYLENE

Larval insects Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0089

Emergent insects Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0046 0.0047

Study sites 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0073 0.0075

Crayfish Reference 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

Study sites 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U 0.0035 U

NOTE: Study sites have been combined because only 1 sample was collected per segment

U - undetected; value represents one-half the detection limit

Raw data are presented in Table A3-5 in Appendix A
Table 2-15. Benzo(a)pyrene diet benchmark calculations for mink

1. Estimate of Food Factor

f = F/bw

Parameter Code Units Value

Food ingestion F kg/day ww 0.18

Body weight bw kg 0.8

Food factor f kg/kg day ww 0.22

2. Diet Benchmark Calculation (Cf)

C =

NOAEL

f

mink

f

Parameter Code Units Value

Mink no observed

adverse effects level

NOAELmink mg/kg day ww 0.10

Food factor f kg/kg day ww 0.23

Diet benchmark Cf mg/kg ww 0.43

SOURCES: USEPA 1993b; 1995a,b

Sample et. al 1996
Table 2-16. Estimation of food ingestion rates for mink

using field metabolic rates and dietary composition

1. Estimate of Field Metabolic Rate

FMR = a(bw)b

Parameter Code Units Value

Metabolic multiplier a - 0.6167

Body weight bw g 550

Metabolic exponent b - 0.862

Field metabolic rate FMR kcal/day 142

2. Normalization of Field Metabolic Rate

NFMR = (FMR) / (bw)

Parameter Code Units Value

Normalized field

Metabolic rate

NFMR kcal/g-day 0.258

3. Estimate of Average Metabolizable Energy of Diet (MEavg)

MEavg = Σ (Pk x GEk x AEk) = Σ (Pk x MEk)

Dietary Item

(k)

Percent of Diet

(Pk)

Gross Energy

(GEk)

(kcal/wet g)

Assimilation

Efficiency

(AEk)

Metabolizable

Energy

(MEk)

(kcal/wet g)

Energy

Contribution

(Pk x MEk)

(kcal/wet g)

Fish 85% 1.20 91% 1.092 0.928

Crayfish 4% 1.10 87% 0.957 0.038

Aquatic insects 0% 1.06 87% 0.922 0.000

Birds and mammals 6% 1.80 84% 1.512 0.091

Vegetation 1% 1.30 73% 0.949 0.009

Amphibians 3% 1.20 91% 1.092 0.033

Molluscs 0% 0.80 87% 0.696 0.000

Total 99% MEavg = 1.099

4. Estimate of Total Normalized Ingestion Rate

NIRtotal = (NFMR) / (MEavg)

Parameter Code Units Value

Total normalized

ingestion rate

NIRtotal (wet g/g-day) 0.235

Total ingestion rate IRtotal (wet kg/day) 0.129

SOURCES: Body weight information - USEPA 1995a,b

Metabolic, gross energy, and assimilation efficiency information - USEPA 1993b

ASSUMPTIONS: The gross energy value for crayfish is the same as the gross energy value for shrimp in

Table 4-1, USEPA 1993b. AE values for mammals consuming insects are from

Table 4-3, USEPA 1993b; aquatic invertebrates used 80% water and calculated a kcal/g

ww for insect larvae (USEPA 1993b, Table 4-1). AE for amphibians assumed to be

same as fish.

NOTE: 1% unidentified food items in diet.
Table 2-17. Estimation of food ingestion rates for great blue heron

using field metabolic rates and dietary composition

1. Estimate of Field Metabolic Rate

FMR = a(bw)b

Parameter Code Units Value

Metabolic multiplier a - 1.146

Body weight bw g 2,230

Metabolic exponent b - 0.749

Field metabolic rate FMR kcal/day 369.0

2. Normalization of Field Metabolic Rate

NFMR = (FMR) / (bw)

Parameter Code Units Value

Normalized field

metabolic rate

NFMR kcal/g-day 0.165

3. Estimate of Average Metabolizable Energy of Diet (MEavg)

MEavg = Σ (Pk x GEk x AEk) = Σ (Pk x MEk)

Dietary

Item(k)

Proportion

of Diet

(Pk)

Gross Energy

(GEk)

(kcal/wet g)

Assimilation

Efficiency

(AEk)

Metabolizable

Energy

(MEk)

(kcal/wet g)

Energy

Contribution

(Pk x MEk)

(kcal/wet g)

Fish 94% 1.20 79% 0.948 0.891

Aquatic 

invertebrates

0% 1.06 77% 0.816 0.000

Crayfish 1% 1.10 77% 0.847 0.008

Amphibians 4% 1.20 79% 0.948 0.038

Birds and

mammals

1% 1.80 78% 1.404 0.014

Vegetation 0% 1.30 23% 0.299 0.000

Total 100% MEavg = 0.952

4. Estimate of Total Normalized Ingestion Rate

NIRtotal = (NFMR) / (MEavg)

Parameter Code Units Value

Normalized

ingestion rate

NIRtotal (wet g/g-day) 0.174

Total ingestion

rate

IRtotal (wet kg/day) 0.388

SOURCES: Body weight information - USEPA 1995a,b

Metabolic, gross energy, and assimilation efficiency information - USEPA 1993b

ASSUMPTIONS: The gross energy value for crayfish is the same as the gross energy value for shrimp in

Table 4-1, USEPA 1993b. AE values for mammals consuming insects are from

Table 4-3, USEPA 1993b; aquatic invertebrates used 80% water and calculated a kcal/g

ww for insect larvae (USEPA 1993b, Table 4-1).
Table 2-18. Derivation of mink NOAEL-based and LOAEL-based toxicity

reference values for benzo(a)pyrene

ANALYTE BENZO(a)PYRENE

Reference Mackenzie & Angevine 1981

Form na

NOAEL concentration 1 mg/kg bw day

LOAEL concentration 10 mg/kg bw day

Test species mouse

Administration route oral intubation

Endpoint/effect reproduction

Study duration 7–16 days

Threshold 1 mg/kg day

Threshold type chronic NOAEL (critical lifestage)

Ingestion na

Ingestion reference na

Body weight 0.03 kg

Body weight reference USEPA 1988

Dose 1 mg/kg day

Test duration and/or effects conc. 1 mg/kg day

Test species NOAEL 1 mg/kg day

Test species LOAEL 10 mg/kg day

Interspecies extrapolation factor 10

NOAEL-based TRV 0.1 mg/kg bw day

LOAEL-based TRV 1.0 mg/kg bw day

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

na - not available

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TRV - toxicity reference value
Table 2-19. Contaminants of concern selected for the ERA following

screening procedure

RECEPTOR OF

CONCERN PCBS PAHS METALS

Benthic invertebrates Ö Ö Ö

Fish Ö Ö

Birds Ö

Mammals Ö
Table 2-20. General ecotoxicity of metals

to benthic invertebrates

METALS TOXIC EFFECTS

Arsenic

(Eisler 1988a; Mance 1987)

Reduced survival and reproductive impairment

Cadmium

(Eisler 1985)

Reduced growth, reduced survival, reproductive impairment,

respiratory disruption, and molt inhibition at low ambient

concentrations

Chromium

(Eisler 1986b)

Reduced survival and reproductive impairment

Copper

(Mance 1987)

Mortality and reduced growth

Lead

(Eisler 1988b)

Reduced survival, reproductive impairment, and reduced

biomass

Mercury

(Eisler 1987b; Mance 1987)

Mortality, growth retardation, and behavioral effects

Nickel

(Mance 1987)

Mortality, abnormal development, and reduced larval growth

Silver

(Mance 1987)

Mortality, abnormal development, and reduced growth

Zinc

(Eisler 1993)

Mortality, abnormal growth and development, reproductive

impairment, and reduced larval settlement
Table 3-1. Concentrations of Aroclors detected in

sediment samples collected at Triad stations in August 1997

STATION AROCLOR 1232

(mg/kg)

AROCLOR 1242

(mg/kg)

AROCLOR 1254

(mg/kg)

TOTAL PCBS

a,b

(mg/kg)

Reference

T01 0.019U 0.019U 0.019U 0.029c

T02 0.019U 0.019U 0.019U 0.029c

T03 0.019U 0.019U 0.019U 0.029c

T04 0.020U 0.020U 0.020U 0.030c

Site Related

T07 750 1.6U 8.1Y 760

T08 0.019U 0.92 1.0 1.9

T09 0.015U 0.078 0.22 0.31

T10 0.019U 0.071 0.15 0.23

T10-FD 0.020U 0.080 0.16 0.25

T11 0.019U 0.069 0.12 0.20

T11-FD 0.019U 0.084 0.16 0.25

T12 0.019U 0.071 0.11 0.19

T13 0.019U 0.14 0.27 0.42

T14 0.019U 0.15 0.29 0.45

T15 0.020U 0.12 0.24 0.37

T16 0.019U 0.15 0.27 0.43

T17 0.019U 0.15 0.26 0.42

T18 0.020U 0.12 0.25 0.38

T19 0.019U 0.17 0.27 0.45

T20 0.020U 0.15 0.20 0.36

NOTE: Aroclors 1016, 1221, 1248, and 1260 were not detected at detection limits of 0.015

to 0.040 mg/kg in any sample except the one from Station T07, which had elevated

detection limits of 1.6 to 3.3 mg/kg.

FD - field duplicate

U - undetected; value represents the detection limit

Y - raised detection limit due to interference

a

Total PCBs were calculated by summing detected concentrations of Aroclors plus

one-half the detection limit for those Aroclors that were detected in other samples.

Values were rounded to two significant figures.

b

28-day Hyalella azteca probable effects level of 0.245 and threshold effects level of

0.032. Bold indicates exceedance of probable effects level.

c PCBs were not detected but total PCBs were estimated based on summing

methodology described in footnote “a” above.
Table 3-2. Concentrations of PAHs in sediment samples collected at Triad stations in August 1997

STATION

ACENAPHTHENE

(mg/kg)

ACENAPHTHYLENE

(mg/kg)

ANTHRACENE

(mg/kg)

BENZO(a)

ANTHRACENE

(mg/kg)

DIBENZO(a)

ANTHRACENE

(mg/kg)

BENZO(a)

PYRENE

(mg/kg)

BENZO(b)

FLUORANTHENE

(mg/kg)

BENZO(g,h,i)

PERYLENE

(mg/kg)

BENZO(k)

FLUORANTHENE

(mg/kg)

Reference

T01 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.0058 0.016 0.0058U 0.026 0.022 0.014 0.021

T02 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.0058 0.012 0.0058U 0.016 0.017 0.0058U 0.011

T03 0.0059U 0.0059U 0.0059U 0.0059U 0.0059U 0.0059 0.0059 0.007 0.0059

T04 0.006U 0.006U 0.010 0.060 0.010 0.068 0.080 0.030 0.064

Site related

T07 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.029 0.0058 0.034 0.047 0.018 0.031

T08 0.0074 0.0057U 0.022 0.078 0.015 0.091 0.083 0.042 0.091

T09 0.015 0.0044U 0.043 0.11 0.0058 0.11 0.16 0.035 0.078

T10 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.016 0.080 0.0069 0.10 0.16 0.040 0.087

T10-FD 0.006U 0.006U 0.012 0.071 0.0072 0.092 0.12 0.057 0.089

T11 0.044 0.0075 0.12 0.49 0.034 0.49 0.55 0.25 0.38

T11-FD 0.040 0.0057U 0.093 0.43 0.082 0.46 0.48 0.24 0.41

T12 0.029 0.0057U 0.080 0.30 0.036 0.29 0.35 0.090 0.18

T13 0.024 0.0064 0.11 0.44 0.021 0.39 0.42 0.14 0.41

T14 0.031 0.008 0.060 0.31 0.017 0.32 0.44 0.12 0.27

T15 0.018 0.016 0.057 0.26 0.026 0.30 0.35 0.19 0.29

T16 0.024 0.012 0.040 0.24 0.016 0.25 0.32 0.10 0.23

T17 0.025 0.0057U 0.055 0.17 0.024 0.18 0.18 0.09 0.16

T18 0.013 0.0059U 0.030 0.15 0.017 0.19 0.20 0.13 0.18

T19 0.049 0.032 0.11 0.58 0.075 0.68 0.67 0.26 0.49

T20 0.011 0.0059U 0.026 0.15 0.031 0.18 0.20 0.098 0.17

TELb na na 0.010 0.016 na 0.032 na 0.016 na

PELb na na 0.17 0.28 na 0.32 na 0.25 na
Table 3-2, continued

STATION

CHRYSENE

(mg/kg)

FLUORANTHENE

(mg/kg)

FLUORENE

(mg/kg)

INDENO(1,2,3,-c,d)

PYRENE (mg/kg)

2-METHYLNAPHTHALENE

(mg/kg)

NAPHTHALENE

(mg/kg)

PHENANTHRENE

(mg/kg)

PYRENE

(mg/kg)

TOTAL PAHsa

(mg/kg)

Reference

T01 0.027 0.055 0.0058U 0.016 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.057 0.074 0.35

T02 0.014 0.027 0.0058U 0.010 0.0058U 0.0058U 0.012 0.021 0.16

T03 0.0064 0.011 0.0059U 0.0094 0.0059U 0.0059U 0.0082 0.012 0.095

T04 0.072 0.16 0.0084 0.043 0.006U 0.006U 0.084 0.12 0.82

Site related

T07 0.044 0.063 0.0069 0.018 0.0092 0.0092 0.048 0.068 0.44

T08 0.094 0.16 0.013 0.053 0.0057U 0.0057U 0.12 0.22 1.1

T09 0.095 0.24 0.021 0.053 0.0071 0.0062 0.19 0.17 1.3

T10 0.099 0.18 0.0098 0.069 0.014 0.0098 0.10 0.16 1.1

T10-FD 0.099 0.23 0.011 0.075 0.014 0.011 0.11 0.14 1.1

T11 0.47 1.6 0.068 0.34 0.0098 0.012 0.77 0.86 6.5

T11-FD 0.46 1.1 0.064 0.32 0.019 0.017 0.70 1.2 6.1

T12 0.24 0.50 0.039 0.14 0.012 0.016 0.36 0.41 3.1

T13 0.41 1.3 0.049 0.20 0.018 0.018 0.50 0.68 5.1

T14 0.35 0.86 0.047 0.17 0.024 0.027 0.44 0.60 4.1

T15 0.33 0.80 0.033 0.23 0.017 0.017 0.34 0.50 3.8

T16 0.27 0.56 0.031 0.15 0.028 0.024 0.26 0.43 3.0

T17 0.20 0.42 0.036 0.11 0.017 0.021 0.30 0.32 2.3

T18 0.19 0.38 0.019 0.15 0.0094 0.010 0.20 0.40 2.3

T19 0.55 1.2 0.069 0.37 0.041 0.036 0.58 1.4 7.2

T20 0.19 0.44 0.018 0.13 0.0089 0.0095 0.21 0.34 2.2

TELb 0.027 0.032 0.010 0.017 na 0.015 0.019 0.044 0.26

PELb 0.41 0.32 0.15 0.24 na 0.14 0.41 0.49 2.3

NOTE: Bold indicates exceedance of PEL

FD - field duplicate

na - not available

PEL - probable effects level

TEL - threshold effects level

U - undetected; value represents the detection limit

a

Total PAHs were calculated by summing detected concentrations of individual PAH compounds plus one-half the detection limit for those compounds

detected in other samples.

b

TEL and PEL based on 28-day Hyalella azteca toxicity testing (USEPA 1996a).
Table 3-3. Concentrations of metals in sediment samples collected at Triad stations in August 1997

ARSENIC CADMIUM CHROMIUM COPPER LEAD MERCURY NICKEL SILVER ZINC SEMa AVS

STATION (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mM/g) (mM/g) SEM/AVS

Reference

T01 0.9 0.05 7 4.4 4 0.02 5 <0.03 14.8 0.23 1.22 0.19

T02 1.4 0.23 18 15.1 13 0.08 11 <0.05 46.2 0.80 6.24 0.13

T03 0.8 0.06 9 6.5 5 0.01 6 <0.03 17.4 0.32 4.05 0.08

T04 1.9 0.25 18 16.6 16 0.08 11 <0.04 60 0.99 3.43 0.29

Site Related

T07 2.4 0.47 78.6 29.1 47 0.2 15 0.25 96.1 1.67 16.53 0.10

T08 1 0.19 12.5 11.7 12 0.04 7 <0.03 38.8 0.69 14.04 0.05

T09 0.9 0.12 16.8 25.1 32 0.03 8 0.03 44.1 1.00 1.31 0.77

T10 2.4 0.41 33 36 36 0.08 19 <0.05 98.2 1.77 4.68 0.38

T10-FD 2.5 0.39 32 35.3 35 0.09 18 <0.05 96.3 1.61 7.17 0.22

T11 1.7 0.33 21.5 32 47 0.04 11 0.04 81.4 1.45 4.05 0.36

T11-FD 2.1 0.28 21.8 32 44 0.06 11 <0.04 86.3 1.20 4.05 0.30

T12 0.8 0.13 13.4 16.3 21 0.03 8 <0.03 39.5 0.84 1.25 0.67

T13 1.9 0.7 28.4 29 128 0.07 14 0.05 94.4 1.71 3.43 0.50

T14 1.9 0.46 26 29.6 49 0.06 12 0.05 93.2 1.67 4.99 0.33

T15 2.1 0.42 28 34.2 45 0.08 16 0.05 99 1.82 2.43 0.75

T16 2.2 0.48 30 35.4 49 0.08 18 0.06 111 1.99 5.30 0.38

T17 1.3 0.21 16.5 18.6 23 0.04 9 0.03 52.5 1.10 3.12 0.35

T18 2 0.36 27 30.9 34 0.07 15 0.05 89.9 1.82 2.74 0.66

T19 2 0.34 25 28.3 48 0.07 15 <0.04 87.2 1.54 1.28 1.21

T20 2.8 0.47 36 37 37 0.1 19 <0.06 112 2.08 1.25 1.66

TELb 10.8 0.58 36 28 37 0.17c 20 na 98   

PELb 48 3.3 120 100 82 0.49c 33 na 540   

NOTE: AVS - acid volatile sulfide a SEM includes simultaneously extracted concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, nickel,

Bold indicates exceedance of PEL and zinc.

FD - Field duplicate bTEL and PEL based on 28-day Hyalella azteca toxicity testing (USEPA 1996a).

PEL - probable effects level c14-day Hyalella azteca-based TEL and PEL from Smith et al. (1996).

SEM - simultaneously extracted metals

TEL - threshold effects level
Table 3-4. Results of conventional parameter measurements

for sediment collected from Triad stations in August 1997

STATION

% SILT

AND CLAY % SAND % GRAVEL % SOLIDS

% TOTAL

ORGANIC

CARBON

Reference

T01 12 83 5 63.8 5.2

T02 48 33 19 34.2 8.3

T03 20 71 9 69.8 4.9

T04 61 36 3 36.6 5.9

Site related

T07 60 38 2 50.3 6.3

T08 35 58 7 47.7 5.8

T09 26 73 1 64.3 4.6

T10 90 10 0 35.4 4.4

T10-FD 90 10 0 34.6 5.2

T11 45 50 5 45.9 5.2

T11-FD 44 52 4 44.6 4.6

T12 16 83 1 74.0 4.8

T13 62 34 4 47.0 5.6

T14 65 35 0 48.2 5.0

T15 79 21 0 40.6 5.5

T16 80 19 1 39.5 5.6

T17 30 67 3 58.8 5.1

T18 68 31 1 43.9 5.4

T19 58 38 4 45.2 5.4

T20 87 13 0 33.5 6.1

NOTE: FD - field duplicate
Table 3-5. Threshold effects levels, probable effects levels,

and no effects concentrations as presented by USEPA (1996a)

14-DAY H. AZTECA 28-DAY H. AZTECA

CHEMICAL TEL PEL NEC TEL PEL NEC

Arsenic 11 40 93 10.8 48 100

Cadmium 0.58 3.2 8 0.58 3.3 8

Chromium-total 48 131 95 36 120 95

Copper 28 78 55 28 100 580

Lead 34 117 69 37 82 130

Mercury 0.17a

0.49a na na na na

Nickel 28 38 38 20 33 43

Zinc 94 384 540 98 540 1300

Fluorene 0.035 0.386 0.29 0.010 0.15 3.0

Phenanthrene 0.197 0.777 1.0 0.019 0.41 20

Anthracene 0.032 0.409 0.29 0.010 0.17 2.0

Fluoranthene 0.144 0.834 1.2 0.032 0.32 10

Pyrene 0.231 0.908 1.8 0.044 0.49 9.0

Benz(a)anthracene 0.103 0.363 0.69 0.016 0.28 3.0

Chrysene 0.135 0.551 0.60 0.027 0.41 3.0

Benzo(a)pyrene 0.120 0.394 0.44 0.032 0.32 1.0

Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 0.087 0.327 0.29 0.017 0.24 0.77

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.089 0.349 0.31 0.016 0.25 1.2

Naphthalene 0.033 0.285 0.29 0.015 0.14 1.4

PAH-Total 1.59 6.74 9.24 0.264 2.27 62

PAH-Low 0.387 2.92 3.04 0.076 1.18 29

PAH-High 1.23 4.35 6.2 0.193 2.34 33

PCB-Total 0.034a

0.277a na 0.032 0.245 0.190

NOTE: All Hyalella azteca 14-day and 28-day values were less than the 14-day Chironomus

riparius TELs, PELs, and NECs.

na - not available

NEC - no effects concentration

PAH-Low - low-molecular-weight PAHs

PAH-High - high-molecular-weight PAHs

PEL - probable effects level

TEL - threshold effects level

a Values are from Smith et al. (1996).
Table 3-6. Summary of Hyalella azteca and Chironomus riparius sediment toxicity test results

H. AZTECA C. RIPARIUS

SURVIVAL

(%)

GROWTH

TOTAL BIOMASS

(mg)

GROWTH

INDIVIDUAL BIOMASS

(mg)

SURVIVAL

(%)

GROWTH

TOTAL BIOMASS

(mg)

GROWTH

INDIVIDUAL BIOMASS

(mg)

SAMPLE ID MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD MEAN SD

Negative control 97 5.2 1.15 0.356 0.118 0.0336 97 5.2 7.75 1.71 0.806 0.194

Reference

T01 95 8.4 1.52 0.343 0.158 0.0245 95 5.5 18.0 1.41 1.90 0.182

T02 87b 10 1.23 0.294 0.141 0.0228 68b 18 11.8 3.65 1.71 0.249

T03 68b 21 1.15 0.351 0.174 0.0375 82b 17 17.3 2.23 2.16 0.248

T04 47b 12 0.850 0.501 0.184 0.0927 88b 7.5 14.4 2.46 1.62 0.177

Site related

T07 0a,b na na na na na 0a,b na na na na na

T08 92 7.5 1.73 0.635 0.193 0.0781 92 7.5 18.4 1.73 2.01 0.177

T09 75 42 1.56 0.639 0.168 0.0438 78b 9.6 15.2 2.17 1.96 0.183

T10 67b 25 0.983 0.172 0.165 0.0600 88b 7.5 18.1 2.66 2.04 0.220

T11 85b 8.4 1.07 0.320 0.130 0.0429 78b 18 16.7 4.56 2.14 0.407

T12 88 12 1.03 0.207 0.119 0.0291 92 9.8 14.1 2.18 1.54a 0.186

T13 66b 28 0.750 0.536 0.086a,b 0.0210 85 14 13.4 2.21 1.58 0.142

T14 78b 15 0.783b 0.343 0.098a 0.0324 77b 23 12.1 3.43 1.62 0.172

T15 65b 39 1.18 0.444 0.149 0.0256 83 31 13.3 4.90 1.68 0.310

T16 62b 29 0.850 0.288 0.149 0.0330 87 18 12.7 4.27 1.44a 0.299

T17 87 12 1.37 0.423 0.160 0.0491 73b 27 12.0 4.13 1.70 0.337

T18 78b 13 0.983 0.204 0.126 0.0163 93 8.2 13.7 1.67 1.49a 0.146

T19 60b 37 1.02 0.549 0.193 0.0556 82 17 12.8 1.30 1.60 0.268

T20 63b 26 0.817 0.319 0.138 0.0409 83b 22 12.5 2.19 1.59 0.426

NOTE: na - not applicable

SD - standard deviation

See Appendix C for bioassay results a Statistically significant difference compared to reference (Bonferroni multiple comparisons).

b Statistically significant difference compared to negative control (t-test).
Table 3-7. Sheboygan River benthic metrics

TOTAL ABUNDANCE SPECIES RICHNESS

STATION MEAN SD MEAN SD

Reference

T01 210 82.7 8 3

T02 120 66.1 2 1

T03 217 115 8 2

T04 109 14.7 5 2

Site related

T07 38a29 9 4

T08 486 153 16 2.8

T09 431 91.2 12 2.9

T10 299 82.2 8 1

T11 298 77.5 10 3.3

T12 391 40.8 10 1.5

T13 1082 462.2 4 0.4

T14 374 98.9 5 0.8

T15 428 104 5 1

T16 305 58.0 6 2

T17 343 94.6 5 1

T18 360 61.3 4 1

T19 377 213 5 2

T20 554 101 5 1

NOTE: SD - standard deviation

See Appendix D for full benthic community data set

a Statistically significant difference compared to reference.
Table 3-8. Sheboygan River benthic macroinvertebrate species list

PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY SUBFAMILY/TRIBE GENUS/SPECIES

PLATYHELMINTHES

Turbellaria

ANNELIDA

Oligochaeta

Tubificidae Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri

Limnodrilus cervix

Immature undetermined

species

Hirudinea

Rhynchobdellida Helobdella stagnalis

ARTHROPODA

Crustacea

Isopoda Caecidotea sp.

Amphipoda Hyalella azteca

Gammarus sp.

Insecta

Coleoptera

Elmidae Dubiraphia sp.

Unidentified 1

Unidentified 2

Gyrinidae Dineutus sp.

Ephemeroptera

Baetidae Baetis sp.

Baetis tricaudatus

Caenidae Caenis sp.

Ephemeridae Hexagenia sp.

Heptageniidae

Tricorythidae Tricorythodes sp.

Zygoptera Coenagrionidae

Plecoptera Chloroperlidae

Tricoptera

Glossosomatidae

Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche sp.

Leptoceridae Oecetis sp.

Megaloptera Sialis sp.

Diptera Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogoninae

Chironomidae Ablabesmyia sp.

Chironomus sp.

Cladopelma sp.

Clinotanypus sp.

Cricotopus sp.

Cryptochironomus sp.

Cryptotendipes sp.

Dicrotendipes sp.

Endochironomus sp.

Eukiefferiella sp.

Glyptotendipes sp.

Harnischia sp.

Microchironomus sp.

Micropsectra sp.

Microtendipes sp.

Paralauterborniella sp.

Paramerina sp.

Paratanytarsus sp.
Table 3-8, continued

PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY SUBFAMILY/TRIBE GENUS/SPECIES

Paratendipes sp.

Polypedilum sp.

Procladius sp.

Rheotanytarsus sp.

Stenochironomus sp.

Stictochironomus sp.

Tanypus sp.

Thienemannimyia gr.

Chironomini

Pentaneurini

Procladiini Tanytarsus sp.

Tanytarsini

Pelecorhynchidae Glutops sp.

Tipulidae Erioptera sp.

Tabanidae

Mollusca Bivalvia Heterodaonta Sphaeriidae

NOTE: See Appendix D for full benthic community data set
Table 3-9. Triad analysis endpoints for sediment quality

TRIAD ELEMENT ENDPOINT

Sediment chemistry Sum of PEL exceedance ratiosa for:

• PAHs

• Metals

• PCBs

Toxicity tests Based on measured response for each endpoint:

• Hyalella azteca survival

• H. azteca growth

• Chironomus riparius survival

• C. riparius growth

Benthic community

structure

Based on the results of each community metric:

• Abundance

• Taxa richness

a Exceedance ratios defined as the concentration of a chemical divided by its

PEL concentration.
TOXICITY BENTHIC COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY

HYALELLA

AZTECA

CHIRONOMUS

RIPARIUS

SITE SURVIVAL GROWTHa SURVIVAL GROWTHa TOXICITY ABUNDANCE RICHNESS BENTHIC PAHS METALS PCBS CHEMISTRY

T07 ++ na ++ na ++ + — + — — + +

T08 — — — — — — — — — — + +

T09 — — + — + — — — + — + +

T10 + — + — + — — — — — — —

T11 + — + — + — — — + — — +

T12 — — — — — — — — + — — +

T13 + — — — + — — — + + + +

T14 + + + — + — — — + — + +

T15 + — — — + — — — + — + +

T16 + — — — + — — — + — + +

T17 — — + — + — — — + — + +

T18 + — — — + — — — + — + +

T19 + — — — + — — — + — + +

T20 + — + — + — — — + — + +

NOTE: Definitions:

Toxicity: Statistically significant difference from mean of 4 reference sites or from negative control for at least one endpoint.

Benthic: Statistically significant difference from mean of 4 reference sites for at least one endpoint.

Chemistry: Total of probable effects level ratio exceedances falls outside of 95 percent reference station prediction interval, AND at least one

individual analyte (or total for PCBs) exceeds the 28-day H. azteca probable effects level.

+ - statistically different from negative control

++ - statistically different from reference and negative control

na - not applicable; 0 percent survival + growth could not be tested

See Appendix C for full bioassay results. a Growth as measured by total biomass.

Table 3-10. Summary of Triad results
Table 3-11. Station endpoint ranksa

TOXICITY

CHIRONOMUS RIPARIUS HYALELLA AZTECA BENTHIC COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY WEIGHTED

STATION SURVIVAL WEIGHT SURVIVAL WEIGHT ABUNDANCE RICHNESS PAHS METAL PCBS AVERAGE

T01 18 16 18 16 4 13 16 18 17 14.2

T02 2 2 14.5 14 3 1 17 14 17 8.71

T03 7.5 15 9 12 5 12 18 17 17 12.2

T04 13.5 12 2 5.5 2 4 14 11 15 8.19

T07 1 1 1 1 1 14 15 2 1 4.83

T08 15.5 18 17 18 16 18 13 16 2 14.8

T09 5 13 10 17 15 17 11 12 11 12.9

T10 13.5 17 8 7.5 7 11 12 5 12 10.1

T11 6 14 13 11 6 16 2 10 13 10.1

T12 15.5 11 16 10 13 15 6 15 14 12.9

T13 11 9 7 2 18 2 3 1 6.5 6.92

T14 4 4 11.5 3 11 7.5 4 8 3.5 6.68

T15 9.5 8 6 13 14 6 5 6 9 8.60

T16 12 6 4 5.5 8 10 7 3.5 5 7.01

T17 3 3 14.5 15 9 5 8 13 6.5 8.35

T18 17 10 11.5 7.5 10 3 10 9 8 9.00

T19 7.5 7 3 9 12 9 1 7 3.5 6.99

T20 9.5 5 5 4 17 7.5 9 3.5 10 8.54

a Highest rank is best performance.
Table 4-1. Size and number of juvenile smallmouth bass

grouped in composite samples for the 1997 ERA

COMPOSITE

SAMPLE ID

NO. OF FISH IN

COMPOSITE

MINIMUM

(cm)

MAXIMUM

(cm)

MEAN

(cm)

F1-1 4 13.2 17.1 15.6

F1-2 4 17.4 18.5 18.1

F1-3 3 18.5 19.4 19.1

F2-1 5 11.6 13 12.4

F2-2 5 13.1 16.5 14

F2-3 4 16.6 17 16.8

F3-1 5 11.6 14.9 12.8

F3-2 5 15.2 16 15.8

F3-3 4 16.2 16.4 16.3

F5-1 4 15 16.1 15.7

F5-2 3 16.3 16.5 16.4

F5-3 3 17 18.3 17.8
Table 4-2. Concentrations of total PCBs in fish collected in 1994 and 1997

ADULT SMALLMOUTH BASS

1994

YOY SMALLMOUTH BASS

1994

JUVENILE SMALLMOUTH

BASS 1997

ADULT WHITE SUCKER

1994

YOY WHITE SUCKER

1994

LONGNOSE DACE

1994

TOTAL PCBS TEQ TOTAL PCBS TEQ TOTAL PCBS TEQ TOTAL PCBS TEQ TOTAL PCBS TEQ TOTAL PCBS TEQ

(mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww)

Segment 1 0.58 2.8 0.065 0.016 0.11 0.12 0.13 2.6 0.05 0.0084 0.44 2.7

Segment 1 0.21 2.6 0.072 0.016 0.12 0.14 0.054 0.010 0.05 0.0093 0.12 0.025

Segment 1 0.12 2.6 0.13 2.6 0.11 0.16 0.048 0.010 0.20 2.6 0.07 0.014

Mean 0.30 2.7 0.089 2.6a0.11 0.14 0.077 2.6a0.10 2.6a0.21 2.7a

95% UCL 0.71 2.9 0.15 na 0.12 0.17 0.15 na 0.25 na 0.55 na

Segment 2 37 51 20 2.9 19 14 6.5 5 9.8 1.2 8 0.96

Segment 2 36 42 18 2.4 23 20 8.0 1.5 11 1.3 9.2 1

Segment 2 23 21 18 14 14 10 17 2.3 10 7.8 18 10

Mean 32 38 19 14a

19 15 11 2.3a

10 7.8a

12 10a

95% UCL 45 64 21 na 26 23 20 na 11 na 21 na

Segment 3 22 22 23 2.6 21 18 7.7 4.7 8.5 0.79 14 1.5

Segment 3 16 13 18 2.3 19 14 9 1.5 16 1.4 17 1.8

Segment 3 30 24 31 22 18 16 13 1.7 9.2 4.8 20 7.5

Mean 23 20 24 22a19 16 9.9 4.7a11 4.8a17 7.5a

95% UCL 35 30 35 na 22 19 15 na 18 na 22 na

Segment 5 17 8.5 10 0.80 9.1 5.4 3.4 3.4 4.4 0.45 20 8.8

Segment 5 19 9.2 14 1.2 9.4 6.2 15 1.8 4.1 0.44 19 2.2

Segment 5 17 9.0 15 6.6 12 6.6 5.3 0.65 5.8 4.3 14 1.5

Mean 18 8.9 13 6.6a10 6.1 7.9 3.4 4.8 4.3a18 8.8a

95% UCL 20 9.5 17 na 13 7.1 18 na 6.3 na 23 na

NOTE: na – not applicable (only one complete TEQ available) YOY - young-of-year

TEQ - toxic equivalent Raw data are presented in Tables A1-7 and A3-4 in Appendix A

UCL - upper confidence limit

a Mean represents value of single composite sample for which all relevant TEQ congeners were analyzed (others contained incomplete set).
 Table 4-3. Comparison of total PCB concentrations in sediment

TOTAL PCB CONCENTRATION

(SUM OF AROCLORS,

mg/kg dw)

TOTAL PCB CONCENTRATION

(SUM OF CONGENER CONCENTRATIONS,

mg/kg dw)

LOCATION

1997 ERA

SEDIMENT QUALITY TRIAD

1997 ERA

FISH ASSESSMENT WDNR

Segment 1

T01 0.029 U − −

T02 0.029 U − −

T03 0.029 U − −

T04 0.030 U − −

S1-1 − 0.0066 −

S1-2 − 0.026 −

S1-3 − 0.0088 −

WDNR − − 0.016− 0.021

Segment 2

T07 760 − −

S2-1 − 3.7 −

S2-2 − 20 −

S2-3 − 4.1 −

WDNR − − 2.7–15

Segment 3

T08 1.9 − −

S3-1 − 3.2 −

S3-2 − 38 −

S3-3 − 2.8 −

WDNR − − 2.1–4.6

Segment 5

S5-1 − 2.4 −

S5-2 − 0.47 −

S5-3 − 2.1 −

S5-4 − 0.96 −

S5-5 − 0.57 −

WDNR − − 1.1–2.1

Segment 6

T09 0.31 − −

T10 0.23 − −

T11 0.20 − −

T12 0.19 − −

T13 0.42 − −

T14 0.45 − −

T15 0.37 − −

T16 0.43 − −

T17 0.42 − −

T18 0.38 − −

T19 0.45 − −

T20 0.36 − −

WDNR − − 1.0–1.9

NOTE: Total PCB concentrations were calculated by summing individual PCB congeners or

Aroclors plus one-half the detection limit of undetected congeners. Aroclors that were not

detected in any sediment sample in the same study were not included in the sum.

Raw data are presented in Tables A1-2, A1-6, and A3-1 in Appendix A.

U – undetected

− no sample collected
Table 4-4. Principal PCB congeners for fish tissue

collected for the 1997 ERA

PCB CONGENER

CHLORINATION

LEVEL

MAXIMUM PERCENT OF

TOTAL PCB CONCENTRATION

FREQUENCY OF

DETECTION (%)

017 3 2.86 100

031/28 3 3.85 100

041/071/006 4 3.72 100

044 4 2.33 100

047/048 4 5.81 100

049 4 5.27 100

052 4 5.72 100

066 4 4.19 100

070/076 4 4.32 100

074 4 4.53 100

085 5 3.93 100

087 5 7.97 100

091 5 2.27 100

095 5 2.79 100

097 5 6.37 100

099 5 3.90 100

101/090 5 8.08 100

105 5 2.19 100

110 5 18.2 100

118 5 7.14 100

128 6 2.79 100

138/163/164 6 13.2 100

149 6 5.20 100

153 6 10.5 100

180 7 2.47 100

NOTE: Raw data are presented in Table A1-7 in Appendix A
Table 4-5. Principal PCB congeners for fish tissue

collected for the WDNR food chain study

PCB CONGENER

CHLORINATIO

N LEVEL

MAXIMUM PERCENT OF TOTAL

PCB CONCENTRATION

FREQUENCY OF

DETECTION (%)

017 3 4.65 83

031/028 3 9.52 87

041/071/006 4 5.82 85

044 4 3.64 87

047/048 4 12.2 87

049 4 4.76 90

052 4 5.57 88

070/076 4 6.76 90

074 4 4.16 90

087 5 4.27 93

091 5 2.13 88

097 5 2.89 93

099 5 6.78 98

101a 5 10.8 100

110/077b5 16.2 98

118 5 14.6 100

138/163/164 6 34.1 100

149 6 5.71 93

153/132c 6 42.6 100

180 7 3.44 87

NOTE: This list only includes PCB congeners that were also identified as

principal congeners for fish tissue data in the 1997 ERA

Raw data are presented in Table A3-4 in Appendix A

a

Identified as PCB 101/90 in 1997 ERA.

b

Identified as PCB 110 in 1997 ERA.

c

Identified as PCB 153 in 1997 ERA.
Table 4-6. Average fish TEQ concentrations per segment for 1997 juvenile smallmouth bass

SEGMENT 1 SEGMENT 2 SEGMENT 3 SEGMENT 5

TEQ TEQ TEQ TEQ

PCB

CONGENER

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT OF

TOTAL TEQ

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT OF

TOTAL TEQ

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT OF

TOTAL TEQ

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT OF

TOTAL TEQ

077 0.017 12 6.3 42 4.6 29 1.7 28

105 0.0041 2.9 0.48 3.2 0.61 3.8 0.28 4.6

114 0.0010 0.71 0.14 0.93 0.16 1.0 0.085 1.4

118 0.023 17 2.0 13 3.1 19 1.4 23

123 0.0005 0.36 0.056 0.37 0.064 0.40 0.035 0.57

126 0.088 63 5.6 37 7.2 45 2.5 41

156 0.0016 1.1 0.089 0.59 0.12 0.75 0.059 0.97

157 0.0010 0.71 0.049 0.33 0.070 0.44 0.030 0.49

167 0.0027 1.9 0.091 0.61 0.13 0.81 0.063 1.0

189 0.00031 0.22 0.011 0.073 0.015 0.094 0.0073 0.12

Total TEQ 0.14 15 16 6.1

NOTE: Does not include dioxin/furan contribution. Toxic equivalency factors used to calculate TEQs are presented in Table 2-4, and additional TEQ data are

presented in Table B1-1 in Appendix B.

TEQ - toxic equivalent
Table 4-7. Concentrations of PCBs and percent of

total PCB concentration of Congeners 077, 118, and 126

in sediment collected in 1997

CONCENTRATION (mg/kg dw) PERCENT TOTAL PCB CONCENTRATION

SAMPLE PCB077 PCB118 PCB126 PCB077 PCB118 PCB126

Segment 1

S1-1 0.0040 0.24 0.00051 0.06 3.64 0.01

S1-2 0.036 1.3 0.0071 0.14 5.00 0.03

S1-3 0.0087 0.24 0.0005 0.10 2.73 0.01

Segment 2

S2-1 6.8 76 0.12 0.18 2.06 0.003

S2-2 68 710 1.8 0.33 3.46 0.01

S2-3 9.1 99 0.20 0.22 2.39 0.005

Segment 3

S3-1 7.5 56 0.18 0.23 1.75 0.01

S3-2 11 120 0.34 0.03 0.32 0.0009

S3-3 8.3 73 0.23 0.30 2.63 0.01

Segment 5

S5-1 11 81 0.30 0.45 3.35 0.01

S5-2 2.1 15 0.062 0.45 3.18 0.01

S5-3 8.6 73 0.28 0.42 3.53 0.01

S5-4 6.3 34 0.19 0.66 3.55 0.02

S5-5 1.8 15 0.048 0.31 2.61 0.01

NOTE: Raw data are presented in Table A1-6 in Appendix A
Table 4-8. Concentrations of PCBs and percent of

total PCB concentration of Congeners 077, 118, and 126

in juvenile smallmouth bass collected in 1997

CONCENTRATION (mg/kg dw) PERCENT TOTAL PCB CONCENTRATION

SAMPLE PCB077 PCB118 PCB126 PCB077 PCB118 PCB126

Segment 1

F1-1 0.11 7.8 0.014 0.10 6.8 0.01

F1-2 0.12 7.9 0.017 0.10 6.9 0.01

F1-3 0.10 7.5 0.021 0.09 6.9 0.02

Segment 2

F2-1 39 570 1.1 0.21 3.0 0.01

F2-2 53 890 1.5 0.23 3.8 0.01

F2-3 25 480 0.79 0.17 3.3 0.01

Segment 3

F3-1 35 1100 1.6 0.17 5.3 0.01

F3-2 24 970 1.3 0.13 5.2 0.01

F3-3 27 970 1.5 0.15 5.3 0.01

Segment 5

F5-1 10 420 0.39 0.11 4.6 0.004

F5-2 10 460 0.52 0.11 4.9 0.01

F5-3 11 520 0.55 0.09 4.5 0.005

NOTE: Raw data are presented in Table A1-7 in Appendix A
Table 4-9. Average fish TEQ concentrations per segment and fish type for the WDNR food chain study dataa

SMALLMOUTH BASS ADULT

SMALLMOUTH BASS

YOUNG-OF-YEAR LONGNOSE DACE WHITE SUCKER ADULT

WHITE SUCKER

YOUNG-OF-YEAR

PCB

CONGENER

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

Segment 1

077 0.12 4.4 0.08 U 3.1 0.08 U 3.0 0.08 U 3.1 0.08 U 3.0

105 0.0093 0.34 0.0024 0.092 0.017 0.63 0.0048 0.18 0.0055 0.21

118 0.061 2.3 0.023 0.88 0.076 2.8 0.024 0.92 0.033 1.3

126 2.5 U 93 2.5 U 96 2.5 U 93 2.5 U 96 2.5 U 95

156 0.0023 0.085 0.00084 U 0.0032 0.0040 0.15 0.00084 U 0.032 0.00084 U 0.032

157 0.0025 U 0.093 0.0025 U 0.096 0.0025 U 0.093 0.0025 U 0.096 0.0025 U 0.096

167 0.0045 U 0.17 0.0045 U 0.017 0.0045 U 0.17 0.0045 U 0.17 0.0045 U 0.17

Total TEQ 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.6 2.6

Segment 2

077 12 32 4.6 33 2.6 26 0.64 13 1.8 23

105 1.2 3.2 0.58 4.1 0.41 4.1 0.22 4.4 0.22 2.8

118 5.0 13 2.8 20 2.2 22 0.97 19 0.94 12

126 19 50 6 U 43 5 U 50 3 U 60 4.8 U 62

156 0.25 0.66 0.090 0.64 0.073 0.77 0.045 0.90 0.037 0.47

157 0.22 0.58 0.08 0.57 0.055 0.55 0.032 0.64 0.030 0.38

167 0.30 0.79 0.12 0.86 0.095 0.95 0.065 1.3 0.050 0.64

Total TEQ 38 14 10 5.0 7.8

Segment 3

077 5.5 28 6.6 30 2.7 36 0.90 19 1.2 25

105 0.58 2.9 0.74 3.4 0.29 3.9 0.21 4.5 0.14 2.9

118 3.3 17 3.6 16 1.7 23 1.0 21 0.79 16

126 9.7 49 10 45 2.5 U 33 2.5 U 53 2.5 U 52

156 0.15 0.75 0.17 0.77 0.063 0.84 0.037 0.79 0.032 0.66

157 0.19 0.95 0.18 0.82 0.095 1.3 0.050 1.1 0.036 0.75

167 0.26 1.3 0.29 1.3 0.11 1.5 0.060 1.3 0.043 0.89

Total TEQ 20 22 7.5 4.7 4.8

Segment 5

077 2.5 28 2.2 33 3.2 36 0.37 11 1.0 23
Table 4-9, continued

SMALLMOUTH BASS ADULT

SMALLMOUTH BASS

YOUNG-OF-YEAR LONGNOSE DACE WHITE SUCKER ADULT

WHITE SUCKER

YOUNG-OF-YEAR

PCB

CONGENER

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

TEQi

CONCENTRATION

(ng/kg ww)

PERCENT

OF TOTAL

TEQ

105 0.40 4.5 0.29 4.4 0.45 5.1 0.069 2.0 0.10 2.3

118 2.4 27 1.4 21 2.3 26 0.42 12 0.60 14

126 3.4 U 38 2.5 U 38 2.5 U 28 2.5 U 74 2.5 58

156 0.081 0.91 0.038 0.58 0.090 1.0 0.018 0.53 0.022 0.50

157 0.053 0.60 0.034 0.51 0.13 1.5 0.013 0.38 0.028 0.65

167 0.12 1.3 0.07 1.0 0.14 1.6 0.024 0.70 0.031 0.72

Total TEQ 8.9 6.6 8.8 3.4 4.3

NOTE: TEQi - Concentration of congener i x TEF for congener i.

U - Undetected; value represents one-half the detection limit.

Raw data are presented in Table A3-4 in Appendix A.

a Adult smallmouth bass TEQs represent averages of three composite samples. For other fish types and ages only one of the three composite samples

was analyzed for the full list of congeners, so those TEQs represent only one sample.
Table 4-10a. Calculated BSAFs for total PCBs

and associated confidence intervals

BSAF

LOWER CONFIDENCE

INTERVAL

UPPER CONFIDENCE

INTERVAL

1997 ERA data

Smallmouth bass, juvenile Segment 1 14 7.8 23

Segment 2 3.9 1.8 9.1

Segment 3 3.1 1.2 15

Segment 5 13 8.4 21

WDNR food chain study data

Longnose dace Segment 1 9.5 4.9 18

Segment 2 0.4 0.2 1.1

Segment 3 1.9 1.7 2.1

Segment 5 1.6 0.9 2.4

Smallmouth bass, adults Segment 1 18 5.7 43

Segment 2 2.7 1.4 5.8

Segment 3 4.9 4.0 6.2

Segment 5 3.7 2.7 5.3

Smallmouth bass, young-of-year Segment 1 4.4 2.9 7.0

Segment 2 1.0 0.6 1.7

Segment 3 4.0 3.3 4.9

Segment 5 2.1 1.5 2.9

White sucker, adults Segment 1 13 10 15

Segment 2 2.8 1.4 5.6

Segment 3 4.7 3.8 5.3

Segment 5 2.9 1.7 4.7

White sucker, young-of-year Segment 1 8.1 4.7 14

Segment 2 0.8 0.5 1.5

Segment 3 2.2 1.8 2.6

Segment 5 1.1 0.8 1.6

Combined 1997 ERA data and

WDNR food chain study dataa Segment 1 6.1 4.5 8.8

Segment 2 1.6 0.89 2.9

Segment 3 3.7 1.9 6.3

Segment 5 4.4 2.7 7.2

Table 4-10b. Calculated BSAFs for TEQs and associated confidence

intervals

BSAF

LOWER CONFIDENCE

INTERVAL

UPPER CONFIDENCE

INTERVAL

1997 ERA data

Segment 1 14 5.3 66

Segment 2 3.2 1.3 13

Segment 3 12 9.3 14

Segment 5 5.1 3.4 9.1

NOTE: All confidence intervals are 90% two-sided

BSAF - biota sediment accumulation factor

Raw data are presented in Tables A1-6, A1-7, A3-1, and A3-4 in Appendix A.

a

For WDNR food chain study, young-of-year smallmouth bass data are used.
Table 4-11. Percentage contribution of individual PCB congeners to fish TEQ

STATION ID PCB077 PCB105 PCB114 PCB118 PCB123 PCB126 PCB156 PCB157 PCB167 PCB189 TOTALa

PCB 077,

PCB118,

PCB126

Segment 1

F1-1 13.9% 3.4% 0.8% 19.1% 0.4% 58.4% 1.3% 0.7% 2.0% 0.2% 100.0% 91.3%

F1-2 13.3% 3.1% 0.6% 17.3% 0.3% 61.2% 1.2% 0.7% 2.1% 0.2% 100.0% 91.8%

F1-3 10.2% 2.5% 0.9% 14.5% 0.5% 67.8% 0.9% 0.7% 1.8% 0.2% 100.0% 92.5%

Mean 12.5% 3.0% 0.8% 17.0% 0.4% 62.5% 1.1% 0.7% 2.0% 0.2% 100.0% 91.9%

Segment 2

F2-1 44.0% 3.6% 1.0% 12.0% 0.4% 37.3% 0.6% 0.4% 0.7% 0.1% 100.0% 93.3%

F2-2 42.9% 2.9% 0.8% 13.6% 0.3% 38.2% 0.5% 0.3% 0.5% 0.1% 100.0% 94.7%

F2-3 39.9% 3.5% 1.2% 14.2% 0.5% 38.6% 0.7% 0.4% 0.8% 0.1% 100.0% 92.7%

Mean 42.2% 3.3% 1.0% 13.2% 0.4% 38.0% 0.6% 0.4% 0.7% 0.1% 100.0% 93.6%

Segment 3

F3-1 31.0% 3.7% 0.9% 18.3% 0.4% 43.7% 0.7% 0.4% 0.8% 0.1% 100.0% 93.0%

F3-2 27.1% 4.2% 1.2% 20.3% 0.5% 44.7% 0.8% 0.5% 0.8% 0.1% 100.0% 92.0%

F3-3 27.4% 3.7% 0.9% 18.9% 0.4% 46.7% 0.8% 0.4% 0.7% 0.1% 100.0% 93.0%

Mean 28.5% 3.9% 1.0% 19.2% 0.4% 45.3% 0.8% 0.4% 0.8% 0.1% 100.0% 92.7%

Segment 5

F5-1 30.7% 4.5% 1.3% 23.6% 0.6% 36.7% 1.0% 0.5% 1.0% 0.1% 100.0% 91.0%

F5-2 26.5% 4.4% 1.4% 22.3% 0.6% 42.0% 1.0% 0.5% 1.1% 0.1% 100.0% 90.8%

F5-3 25.3% 4.7% 1.5% 23.7% 0.5% 41.8% 0.9% 0.5% 1.0% 0.1% 100.0% 90.8%

Mean 27.5% 4.5% 1.4% 23.2% 0.6% 40.2% 1.0% 0.5% 1.0% 0.1% 100.0% 90.9%

NOTE: Based on juvenile smallmouth bass data from 1997 ERA

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a

Total includes only TEQ from PCB congeners.
Table 4-12. Percentage contribution of individual PCB congeners to mammal TEQ

STATION ID PCB077 PCB105 PCB114 PCB118 PCB123 PCB126 PCB156 PCB157 PCB189 TOTALa

PCB 077,

PCB 118,

PCB 126

Segment 1

F1-1 0.3% 7.6% 3.0% 24.8% 0.3% 45.9% 15.3% 2.7% 0.2% 100.0% 93.6%

F1-2 0.3% 7.3% 2.4% 23.0% 0.2% 49.2% 14.7% 2.7% 0.2% 100.0% 94.2%

F1-3 0.3% 6.0% 3.6% 19.7% 0.4% 55.6% 11.5% 2.8% 0.2% 100.0% 92.7%

Mean 0.3% 7.0% 3.0% 22.5% 0.3% 50.2% 13.8% 2.7% 0.2% 100.0% 93.5%

Segment 2

F2-1 1.6% 12.3% 5.9% 23.3% 0.5% 43.7% 10.5% 2.2% 0.1% 100.0% 89.7%

F2-2 1.6% 9.9% 4.9% 26.7% 0.3% 45.4% 9.5% 1.6% 0.1% 100.0% 91.5%

F2-3 1.3% 11.1% 6.3% 25.3% 0.6% 41.4% 11.9% 2.1% 0.1% 100.0% 89.5%

Mean 1.5% 11.1% 5.7% 25.1% 0.5% 43.5% 10.6% 2.0% 0.1% 100.0% 90.2%

Segment 3

F3-1 0.9% 10.4% 4.6% 29.2% 0.4% 42.3% 10.3% 1.9% 0.1% 100.0% 92.2%

F3-2 0.8% 10.8% 5.2% 30.0% 0.4% 39.9% 10.5% 2.2% 0.1% 100.0% 91.3%

F3-3 0.8% 9.8% 4.3% 28.7% 0.3% 42.9% 11.2% 2.0% 0.1% 100.0% 92.5%

Mean 0.8% 10.3% 4.7% 29.3% 0.4% 41.7% 10.7% 2.0% 0.1% 100.0% 92.0%

Segment 5

F5-1 0.8% 11.3% 5.6% 34.0% 0.5% 31.9% 13.6% 2.1% 0.1% 100.0% 90.9%

F5-2 0.7% 11.0% 6.0% 31.5% 0.6% 35.8% 12.2% 2.2% 0.1% 100.0% 90.5%

F5-3 0.7% 11.3% 6.2% 32.7% 0.4% 34.8% 11.7% 2.1% 0.1% 100.0% 90.5%

Mean 0.7% 11.2% 5.9% 32.7% 0.5% 34.2% 12.5% 2.1% 0.1% 100.0% 90.6%

NOTE: Based on juvenile smallmouth bass data from 1997 ERA

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a

Total includes only TEQ from PCB congeners.
Table 4-13. Percentage contribution of individual PCB congeners to bird TEQ

Station ID PCB066 PCB077 PCB105 PCB110 PCB118 PCB126 PCB128 PCB156 PCB157 PCB167 PCB170 PCB180 PCB194 TOTALa

PCBs 066,

077, 105,

118, 126,

and 156

Segment 1

F1-1 8.2% 8.8% 33.0% 1.4% 21.4% 11.9% 7.1% 2.6% 0.9% 2.7% 0.5% 1.4% 0.0% 100.0% 83.3%

F1-2 7.3% 9.1% 32.8% 1.1% 20.7% 13.3% 6.8% 2.6% 1.0% 3.0% 0.7% 1.5% 0.0% 100.0% 83.2%

F1-3 7.5% 8.1% 30.9% 1.3% 20.1% 17.1% 6.7% 2.3% 1.2% 3.0% 0.5% 1.3% 0.0% 100.0% 83.7%

Mean 7.7% 8.7% 32.2% 1.3% 20.8% 14.1% 6.9% 2.5% 1.0% 2.9% 0.6% 1.4% 0.0% 100.0% 83.4%

Segment 2

F2-1 19.8% 23.8% 30.2% 2.8% 11.5% 6.5% 2.6% 1.0% 0.4% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 91.8%

F2-2 23.6% 24.1% 25.0% 3.2% 13.5% 6.9% 1.5% 1.0% 0.3% 0.6% 0.1% 0.2% 0.0% 100.0% 93.1%

F2-3 22.8% 20.7% 28.5% 3.1% 13.0% 6.4% 2.4% 1.2% 0.4% 0.9% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0% 91.4%

Mean 22.1% 22.9% 27.9% 3.0% 12.7% 6.6% 2.2% 1.1% 0.4% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 92.1%

Segment 3

F3-1 25.8% 15.6% 28.9% 1.3% 16.3% 7.1% 2.2% 1.2% 0.4% 0.9% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 93.6%

F3-2 26.1% 12.7% 30.4% 1.3% 16.8% 6.7% 3.0% 1.2% 0.5% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 92.7%

F3-3 25.7% 13.9% 28.7% 1.2% 16.9% 7.6% 3.0% 1.3% 0.5% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 92.7%

Mean 25.9% 14.1% 29.3% 1.3% 16.7% 7.1% 2.7% 1.2% 0.5% 0.8% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 93.0%

Segment 5

F5-1 27.1% 13.1% 29.6% 1.5% 17.8% 5.0% 2.7% 1.4% 0.4% 0.9% 0.2% 0.3% 0.0% 100.0% 92.5%

F5-2 24.8% 12.0% 31.0% 1.6% 17.8% 6.1% 3.1% 1.4% 0.5% 1.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0% 91.7%

F5-3 25.2% 11.0% 31.5% 1.6% 18.2% 5.8% 3.2% 1.3% 0.5% 0.9% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0% 91.9%

Mean 25.7% 12.0% 30.7% 1.6% 17.9% 5.6% 3.0% 1.4% 0.5% 1.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.0% 100.0% 92.0%

NOTE: Based on juvenile small bass data from 1997 ERA

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a

Total includes only TEQ from PCB congeners.
Table 4-14. Predicted versus observed PCB concentrations in juvenile smallmouth bass tissues

PCB CONGENER

COMPOSITE ID

NUMBER

NUMBER OF FISH

(Age 1+)

NUMBER OF FISH

(Age 2+)

PREDICTED

CONCENTRATION

(Age 1+)

(:g/kg)

PREDICTED

CONCENTRATION

(Age 2+)

(:g/kg)

PREDICTED

CONCENTRATION

(IN COMPOSITE)

(:g/kg)

OBSERVED

CONCENTRATION

(1997 ERA)

(:g/kg)

5x OBSERVED

CONCENTRATION

(1997 ERA)

(:g/kg)

0.2x OBSERVED

CONCENTRATION

(1997 ERA)

(:g/kg)

 077 F1-1 1 3 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.11 0.54 0.021

F1-2 0 4 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.12 0.58 0.023

F1-3 0 3 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.10 0.50 0.020

F2-1 5 0 60 59 60 39 200 7.9

F2-2 4 1 60 59 60 53 270 11

F2-3 0 4 60 59 59 25 130 5.1

F3-1 4 0 19 19 19 35 180 7.0

F3-2 0 4 19 19 19 24 120 4.9

F3-3 0 4 19 19 19 27 130 5.3

F5-1 2 2 13 13 13 10 52 2.1

F5-2 0 3 13 13 13 10 52 2.1

F5-3 0 3 13 13 13 11 53 2.1

 118 F1-1 1 3 1.3 1.3 1.3 7.8 39 1.6

F1-2 0 4 1.3 1.3 1.3 7.9 40 1.6

F1-3 0 3 1.3 1.3 1.3 7.5 38 1.5

F2-1 5 0 650 670 650 570 2,900 110

F2-2 4 1 650 670 660 890 4,500 180

F2-3 0 4 650 670 670 480 2,400 96

F3-1 4 0 180 190 180 1,100 5,500 220

F3-2 0 4 180 190 190 970 4,900 190

F3-3 0 4 180 190 190 970 4,900 190

F5-1 2 2 97 99 98 420 2,100 84

F5-2 0 3 97 99 99 460 2,300 92

F5-3 0 3 97 99 99 520 2,600 100

 126 F1-1 1 3 0.0060 0.0062 0.0062 0.014 0.072 0.0029

F1-2 0 4 0.0060 0.0062 0.0062 0.017 0.085 0.0034

F1-3 0 3 0.0060 0.0062 0.0062 0.021 0.11 0.0042

F2-1 5 0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.1 5.4 0.21

F2-2 4 1 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 7.6 0.30

F2-3 0 4 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.79 3.9 0.16

F3-1 4 0 0.56 0.57 0.56 1.6 8.0 0.32

F3-2 0 4 0.56 0.57 0.57 1.3 6.5 0.26

F3-3 0 4 0.56 0.57 0.57 1.5 7.3 0.29

F5-1 2 2 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.39 2.0 0.079

F5-2 0 3 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.52 2.6 0.10

F5-3 0 3 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.55 2.8 0.11

NOTE: Observed concentrations are reported in Table A1-7 in Appendix A
Table 4-15. Lowest tissue concentrations of PCBs associated with adverse effects in fish

SPECIES TISSUE PCB TYPE

FIELD

COMPONENT? STUDY CONDITIONS

EFFECTS CONC.

(mg/kg ww) EFFECTS ENDPOINT REFERENCE NOTE

Baltic flounder ovary Total PCB yes Eggs from field-collected fish

were stripped, artificially

inseminated, and incubated

in lab

0.12 Viable hatch reduced

(p < 0.01)

von Westernhagen et al.

1981

1

Lake trout eggs Total PCB, as 1254 yes Hatchery fish fed diet with

Lake Michigan organic

contaminants

0.17 (NOAEL)

0.31

Reduced egg hatchability (29%

vs. 67%) and fry survival (75%

vs. 93%)

Mac and

Edsall 1991

2

Starry

flounder

eggs Aroclor 1260 yes Field fish spawned in lab 0.2 Total PCBs in eggs correlated

inversely with embryological and

hatching success

Spies et al.

1985

3

Rainbow trout eggs Aroclor 1254 yes Observation of contaminated

hatchery fish eggs

0.33 10-28% mortality prehatch and

many posthatch deformities

Hogan and

Braugn 1975

4

Winter

flounder

eggs Total PCB yes Progeny of field collected

fish exposed to

contaminated areas were

observed

1.6 (NOAEL)

5.9

Larvae were significantly smaller

in length (2.96 vs. 3.22 mm) and

weight (0.018 vs. 0.022 mg)

Black et al.

1988

5

Rainbow trout eggs Aroclor 1254 no Gravid females fed

200 mg/kg for 60 days

1.6 Reduced growth of fry relative to

control (p < 0.001)

Hendricks et

al. 1981

Rainbow trout eggs Aroclor 1242 yes Observation of contaminated

hatchery fish eggs

2.7 Larval mortality and abnormality Hogan and

Brauhn 1975

6

Lake trout eggs sum of 113

congeners

yes Observation of eggs from

feral fish from southeast

Lake Michigan

approx. 3

(approx.

NOAEL of 2.8)

Egg hatchability Mac and

Schwartz

1992

7

Chinook

salmon

eggs Total PCB yes Observation and analysis of

feral fish and eggs from

Lake Michigan

3.7 (NOAEL)

4.2

Reduced hatching success Ankley et al.

1991

8

Sheepshead

minnow

eggs Aroclor 1254 no Water exposure in lab 5.1 Decreased fry survival in the first

week after hatch

Hansen et al.

1974

Adult fathead

minnow

"tissue" Aroclor 1254 yes Exposed to PCBs in

sediment for 16 weeks

5.3 (NOAEL)

13.7

Reduced fecundity and

frequency of reproduction

ACOE 1988 9

Fingerling

channel

catfish

whole body 4 Aroclors no Fed 2.4-24 mg/kg in diet for

193 days

32 (NOAEL) Growth or mortality (1254

increased thyroid activity)

Mayer et al.

1977
Table 4-15, continued

SPECIES TISSUE PCB TYPE

FIELD

COMPONENT? STUDY CONDITIONS

EFFECTS CONC.

(mg/kg ww) EFFECTS ENDPOINT REFERENCE FOOTNOTE

Brook trout "back muscle",

eggs

Aroclor 1254 no Water exposure of 0.2 mg/L

for 21 days

32.8 (77.9 in

eggs)

78% egg hatch compared to

100% in control

Freeman and

Idler 1975

10

Brook trout dead fry Aroclor 1254 no Water exposure of eggs to

3-13 μg/L for 10 days prior

to hatch and 118 days after

125 Fry mortality; 21-100 percent

mortality

Mauck et al.

1978

11

Cyprinid

minnow

whole body Clophen A50 yes Baltic Sea fish fed PCB

contaminated food for

40 days

170 Decreased number and

hatchability of ova; delayed

spawning; premature hatching

Bengtsson

1980

Sheepshead

minnow

fry

whole body

Aroclor 1016 no Exposed to 32 μg/L in

intermittent-flow bioassay

200 Significantly reduced fry survival Hansen et al.

1975

12

3-spined

stickleback

carcass Clophen A50 no Fed PCB-containing

chironomids for 3.5 months

289 (after

spawning)

Reduced spawning success

(25% vs. 80% in control, not

statistically significant)

Holm et al.

1993

13

Fathead

minnow

"terminal

residue"

Aroclor 1254 no PCB exposure in continuous

flow aquaria water

429 (females)

(mean)

Reduced spawning, but egg

hatchability and fry survival were

not affected

Nebeker et al.

1974

14

1. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and metals were also elevated in some fish, but did not correlate significantly with viable hatch. PCB concentration identified as a tentative

threshold.

2. Eggs also contained 154 :g/kg total DDT. The source of PCBs and DDT was from a contaminated feral fish extract from southeast Lake Michigan.

3. Fish were collected from San Francisco Bay areas which also contain elevated PAHs and DDT.

4. Eggs also contained 150 :g/kg "DDT complex."

5. Wet weight concentrations were calculated from reported dry weight concentrations by assuming 85 percent moisture content in eggs.

6. Eggs also contained 90 :g/kg "DDT complex."

7. Egg hatchability was negatively correlated with total PCBs in eggs (R2=0.48, n=24).

8. Fish were collected from Lake Michigan. Study sample size was small (n= 10).

9. Sediments were collected from the Sheboygan Harbor (0.82, 14.0, and 27.0 mg/kg dw Aroclor 1254). Significant effects were observed in the two higher concentration

exposures.

10. Note that none of the eggs hatched in water containing 0.2 mg/L PCBs and 3.8 mg/L Corexit 7664, which was present in a control and the PCB exposure tank.

11. Median hatching time, egg hatchability, and sac fry survival were not affected. Larval growth was initially decreased, but not by the end of the test at 118 days.

12. Fertilization success, survival of embryos to hatching, and survival of fry for 2 weeks were not affected when eggs contained up to 77 mg/kg Aroclor 1016.

13. Chemical analysis of carcass after dissection of head, viscera, and spines. Statistical significance was assessed using a chi-square test (P<0.05).

14. Assumed wet weight effects concentration.
Table 4-16. Range of NOAELs and LOAELs for 2,3,7,8-TCDD

TYPE OF FISH ENDPOINT EXPOSURE

NOAEL BODY

BURDEN

LOAEL BODY

BURDEN REFERENCE

Lake trout sac-fry mortality, NOAEL maternal egg 23 ng/kg egg 50 ng/kg egg Walker et al. 1994

sac-fry mortality, LOAEL exposure

Lake trout mortality, NOAEL eggs in water 34 ng/kg egg 55 ng/kg egg Walker et al. 1991

mortality, LOAEL

hatchability, LOAEL 226 ng/kg egg

Brook trout sac-fry mortality, NOAEL eggs in water 135 ng/kg egg 185 ng/kg egg Walker and Peterson 1994

sac-fry mortality, LOAEL

Lake herring sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 175 ng/kg egg 270 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

survival, LOAEL

Fathead minnow sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 235 ng/kg egg 435 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

survival, LOAEL

Channel catfish sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 385 ng/kg egg 855 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

survival, LOAEL

Zebrafish sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 424 ng/kg egg 2,000 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

survival, LOAEL

Zebrafish (female) spawning, fry mortality, LOAEL dietary exposure 1,700 ng/kg Wannemacher et al. 1992

Medaka sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 455 ng/kg egg 949 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

survival, LOAEL

Coho salmon survival, growth, NOAEL dietary exposure 540 ng/kg Miller et al. 1979

Rainbow trout survival, growth, LOAEL water exposure 1,000 ng/kg Mehrle et al. 1988

White sucker sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 848 ng/kg egg 1,220 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

growth, LOAEL

Northern pike sac-fry mortality, growth, NOAEL eggs in water 1,190 ng/kg egg 1,800 ng/kg egg Elonen et al. 1998

survival, LOAEL

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level
Table 4-17. Measured and predicteda

 total PCB concentrations

in smallmouth bass, white sucker, and longnose dace

MEASURED PREDICTED MEASURED PREDICTED MEASURED PREDICTED

ADULT

(mg/kg ww)

ADULT TO EGG

(mg/kg ww)

YOUNG-OF-YEAR

(mg/kg ww)

YOUNG-OFYEAR TO ADULT

(mg/kg ww)

YOUNG-OFYEAR TO EGG

(mg/kg ww)

JUVENILE

(mg/kg ww)

JUVENILE TO

ADULT

(mg/kg ww)

JUVENILE TO

EGG

(mg/kg ww)

Smallmouth bass

Segment 1 mean 0.30 0.36 0.089 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.17 0.20

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.71 0.85 0.15 0.20 0.24 0.12 0.18 0.22

Segment 2 mean 32 38 19 25 30 19 29 34

Segment 2 95% UCL 45 54 21 27 32 26 39 47

Segment 3 mean 23 28 24 31 37 19 29 34

Segment 3 95% UCL 35 42 35 46 55 22 33 40

Segment 5 mean 18 22 13 17 20 10 15 18

Segment 5 95% UCL 20 24 17 22 26 13 20 24

White sucker

Segment 1 mean 0.077 0.044 0.10 0.11 0.063

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.15 0.086 0.25 0.28 0.16

Segment 2 mean 11 6.3 10 11 6.4

Segment 2 95% UCL 20 11 11 12 6.8

Segment 3 mean 9.9 5.6 11 12 7.0

Segment 3 95% UCL 15 8.6 18 20 11

Segment 5 mean 7.9 4.5 4.8 5.2 3.0

Segment 5 95% UCL 18 10 6.3 6.9 3.9

Longnose dace

Segment 1 mean 0.21

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.55

Segment 2 mean 12

Segment 2 95% UCL 21

Segment 3 mean 17

Segment 3 95% UCL 22

Segment 5 mean 18

Segment 5 95% UCL 23

NOTE: UCL - upper confidence limit

Measured concentrations are reported in Tables A1-7 and A3-4 in Appendix A

a For conversion equations and factors, see Section 4.6.1.
Table 4-18. Measured and predicteda

 TEQ concentrations in smallmouth bass and white sucker

MEASURED PREDICTED MEASURED PREDICTED MEASURED PREDICTED

ADULT

(ng/kg ww)

ADULT TO EGG

(ng/kg ww)

YOUNG-OF-YEAR

(ng/kg ww)

YOUNG-OF-YEAR

TO ADULT

(ng/kg ww)

YOUNG-OFYEAR TO EGG

(ng/kg ww)

JUVENILE

(ng/kg ww)

JUVENILE TO

ADULT

(ng/kg ww)

JUVENILE TO

EGG

(ng/kg ww)

Smallmouth bass

Segment 1 mean 2.7 3.2 2.6b 9.4 11 0.14 0.27 0.32

Segment 1 95% UCL 2.9 3.5 nc nc nc 0.17 0.32 0.38

Segment 2 mean 38 46 14b 50 60 15 28 33

Segment 2 95% UCL 64 77 nc nc nc 23 44 53

Segment 3 mean 20 24 22b 79 95 16 30 36

Segment 3 95% UCL 30 36 nc nc nc 19 36 43

Segment 5 mean 8.9 11 6.6b 24 29 6.1 12 14

Segment 5 95% UCL 9.5 11 nc nc nc 7.1 13 16

White sucker

Segment 1 mean 2.6b 1.5 2.6b 2.6 1.5

Segment 1 95% UCL nc nc nc nc nc

Segment 2 mean 2.3b 1.3 7.8b 7.8 4.4

Segment 2 95% UCL nc nc nc nc nc

Segment 3 mean 4.7b 2.7 4.8b 4.8 2.7

Segment 3 95% UCL nc nc nc nc nc

Segment 5 mean 3.4b 1.9 4.3b 4.3 2.5

Segment 5 95% UCL nc nc nc nc nc

NOTE: TEQ - toxic equivalent

UCL - upper confidence limit

Measured concentrations are reported in Tables A1-7 and A3-4 in Appendix A

nc - not calculated; 95 percent UCL values were calculated only when all relevant TEQ congeners were measured in more than one sample

a For conversion equations and factors, see Section 4.6.1.

b Mean represents single sample in which all relevant TEQ congeners were measured.
Table 4-19. Hazard quotients calculated using 10th and 50th percentile

total PCB effects concentrations and predicted egg concentrations

ADULT TO EGG YOUNG-OF-YEAR TO EGG JUVENILE TO EGG

10TH

PERCENTILE

EFFECTS

CONCENTRATION

50TH

PERCENTILE

EFFECTS

CONCENTRATION

10TH

PERCENTILE

EFFECTS

CONCENTRATION

50TH

PERCENTILE

EFFECTS

CONCENTRATION

10TH

PERCENTILE

EFFECTS

CONCENTRATION

50TH

PERCENTILE

EFFECTS

CONCENTRATION

Smallmouth bass

Segment 1 mean 1.9 0.16 0.74 0.064 1.1 0.091

Segment 1 95% UCL 4.5 0.39 1.3 0.11 1.2 0.10

Segment 2 mean 200 17 160 14 180 15

Segment 2 95% UCL 280 25 170 15 250 21

Segment 3 mean 150 13 190 17 180 15

Segment 3 95% UCL 220 19 290 25 210 18

Segment 5 mean 120 10 110 9.1 95 8.2

Segment 5 95% UCL 126 11 137 12 130 11

White sucker

Segment 1 mean 0.23 0.020 0.33 0.029

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.45 0.039 0.84 0.073

Segment 2 mean 33 2.9 34 2.9

Segment 2 95% UCL 58 5.0 36 3.1

Segment 3 mean 29 2.5 38 3.2

Segment 3 95% UCL 45 3.9 58 5.0

Segment 5 mean 24 2.0 16 1.4

Segment 5 95% UCL 53 4.5 21 1.8

NOTE: 10th and 50th percentile effects are 0.19 and 2.2 mg/kg egg ww respectively

UCL - upper confidence limit
Table 4-20. Hazard quotients calculated using no effects and 10th and 50th percentile total PCB effects

concentrations and measured and predicted PCB concentrations in adult fish

MEASURED PREDICTED

ADULT YOUNG-OF-YEAR TO ADULT JUVENILE TO ADULT

10th 50th NOAEL 10th 50th NOAEL 10th 50th NOAEL

Smallmouth bass

Segment 1 mean 0.012 0.017 0.057 0.0048 0.00071 0.023 0.0068 0.0010 0.032

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.028 0.0036 0.13 0.0080 0.0012 0.030 0.0072 0.0011 0.034

Segment 2 mean 1.3 0.19 6.0 0.98 0.14 4.7 1.2 0.16 5.4

Segment 2 95% UCL 1.8 0.26 8.5 1.1 0.16 5.1 1.5 0.23 7.4

Segment 3 mean 0.92 0.13 4.3 1.3 0.19 5.9 1.2 0.16 5.4

Segment 3 95% UCL 1.4 0.21 6.6 1.8 0.27 8.7 1.3 0.20 6.2

Segment 5 mean 0.72 0.11 3.4 0.68 0.099 3.2 0.60 0.088 2.8

Segment 5 95% UCL 0.80 0.12 3.8 0.87 0.13 4.2 0.80 0.12 3.8

White sucker

Segment 1 mean 0.0031 0.00046 0.015 0.0044 0.00064 0.021

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.0064 0.00088 0.028 0.011 0.0016 0.053

Segment 2 mean 0.44 0.064 2.1 0.45 0.066 2.1

Segment 2 95% UCL 0.80 0.12 3.8 0.48 0.071 2.3

Segment 3 mean 0.40 0.059 1.9 0.50 0.073 2.3

Segment 3 95% UCL 0.60 0.14 2.9 0.80 0.12 3.8

Segment 5 mean 0.31 0.047 1.5 0.21 0.030 0.99

Segment 5 95% UCL 0.72 0.11 3.4 0.28 0.040 1.3

Longnose dace

Segment 1 mean 0.0084 0.0012 0.040

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.022 0.0033 0.10

Segment 2 mean 0.46 0.069 2.2

Segment 2 95% UCL 0.84 0.12 4.0

Segment 3 mean 0.68 0.10 3.2

Segment 3 95% UCL 0.87 0.13 4.2

Segment 5 mean 0.70 0.10 3.3

Segment 5 95% UCL 0.92 0.13 4.3

NOTE: 10th and 50th percentile and NOAEL concentrations are 25, 170, and 5.3 mg/kg ww respectively

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

UCL - upper confidence limit
Table 4-21. Hazard quotients calculated using TEQ NOAEL and LOAEL and predicted egg concentrations

ADULT TO EGG YOUNG-OF-YEAR TO EGG JUVENILE TO EGG

NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL

Smallmouth bass

Segment 1 mean 0.14 0.064 0.48 0.22 0.014 0.0064

Segment 1 95% UCL 0.15 0.070 nc nc 0.017 0.0076

Segment 2 mean 2.0 0.92 2.6 1.2 1.4 0.66

Segment 2 95% UCL 3.3 1.5 nc nc 2.3 1.1

Segment 3 mean 1.0 0.48 4.1 1.9 1.6 0.72

Segment 3 95% UCL 1.6 0.72 nc nc 1.9 0.86

Segment 5 mean 0.48 0.22 1.3 0.58 0.61 0.28

Segment 5 95% UCL 0.48 0.22 nc nc 0.70 0.32

White sucker

Segment 1 mean 0.065 0.030 0.065 0.030

Segment 1 95% UCL nc nc nc nc

Segment 2 mean 0.057 0.026 0.019 0.088

Segment 2 95% UCL nc nc nc nc

Segment 3 mean 0.012 0.054 0.12 0.054

Segment 3 95% UCL nc nc nc nc

Segment 5 mean 0.083 0.038 0.11 0.050

Segment 5 95% UCL nc nc nc nc

NOTE: NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level = 23 ng/kg egg ww

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level = 50 ng/kg egg ww

UCL - upper confidence limit

nc - not calculated; 95 percent UCL values were calculated only when all relevant TEQ congeners wer measured in more than one sample
Table 4-22. Sediment PAH concentrations

LOCATION

PHENANTHRENE

(mg/kg dw)

FLUORANTHENE

(mg/kg dw)

PYRENE

(mg/kg dw)

BENZO(a)

ANTHRACENE

(mg/kg dw)

BENZO(a)

PYRENE

(mg/kg dw)

Tumor sitesa average 69 48 35 12 10

(Great Lakes range 1− 390 7.2− 220 2.0− 140 1.5− 51 1.6− 43

freshwater) n 7 7 7 7 7

Triad samples average 0.312 0.600 0.472 0.232 0.249

range 0.048− 0.770 0.063− 1.60 0.068− 1.40 0.029− 0.580 0.034− 0.680

n 17 17 17 17 17

a Data taken from WDNR 1992a, provided by Paul Baumann in correspondance to A. O'Brien, WDNR,

August 1990. Raw data are reported in Table A1-3 in Appendix A-1.
Table 5-1. Dietary field studies considered for the mink food web exposure model

ESTIMATED PERCENT OF DIET

ALEXANDER (1977) ALEXANDER (1977) BURGESS AND BIDER (1980) COWAN AND REILLY (1973)

Habitat type/location River/Michigan Stream/Michigan Stream, riparian/Quebec River/North Dakota

Season Year-round Year-round Not specified Summer and fall

Number of mink evaluated 10 31 40 281

Measurement % ww stomach contents % ww stomach contents % volume scat

(dw or ww not specified)

% dw volume in scat

Food Item

Trout 56 52 nr nr

Non-trout 26 6 nr nr

Unidentified fish 3 3 7.6 nr

Crustaceans 4 11 20 6.5

Aquatic insects nr nr 6.3 nr

Molluscs nr 2 nr nr

Amphibians 3 5 12 0.5

Muskrats nr nr nr 18

Waterfowl nr nr nr 15

Birds and mammals 6 17 53.9 57.5

Vegetation 1 nr nr nr

Unidentified 1 4 0.2 1.5

Total Diet 100 100 100 99a

Total aquatic 89 74 33.9 6.5

Total semi-aquatic 3 5 12 33.5

Total terrestrial 7 17 53.9 57.5

Total unknown 1 4 0.2 1.5

NOTE: nr - not reported

dw - dry weight

ww - wet weight

- aquatic

- semi-aquatic

Bold - terrestrial

a As reported in USEPA 1993c, total sums to 99 percent.
Table 5-2. Dietary field studies considered for the great blue heron food web exposure model

ESTIMATED PERCENT OF

DIET

ALEXANDER (1977) ALEXANDER (1977) ALEXANDER (1977) COTTAM & UHLER (1945) AVERAGE

Habitat type/location Stream/Michigan Lake/Michigan River/Michigan nr/throughout US

Season Spring, summer, and fall Spring, summer, and fall Spring, fummer, and fall Summer

Number of herons evaluated 15 19 38 189

Measurement % ww stomach contents % ww stomach contents % ww stomach contents % stomach contents

(dw or ww not specified)

Food item

Trout 88 59 89 24.8 65.2

Non-trout 2 39 5 43.2 22.3

Unidentified fish nr nr nr 3.6 3.6

Insectsa

4 nr nr 8.2 6.1

Crustaceans 1 1 1 8.9 3.0

Amphibians 1 1 4 4.3 2.6

Birds and mammals 2 nr 1 4.7 2.6

Vegetation 1 nr nr 2.5 1.8

Unidentified 1 nr nr nr 1.0

Total diet 100 100 100 100

Total aquatic 95 99 95 88.7

Total semi-aquatic 1 1 4 4.3

Total terrestrial 3 0 1 7.2

Total unknown 1 0 0 0

NOTE: dw - dry weight

nr - not reported

ww - wet weight

 - aquatic

 - semi-aquatic

Bold - terrestrial

a

Assumed to be aquatic insects.
Table 5-3. Mink and great blue heron exposure parameters

PARAMETER MINK GREAT BLUE HERON

Body weight 0.55 kga2.23 kga

Ingestion rate

Fishb 0.152 kg/day ww 0.357 kg/day ww

Crayfishb0.007 kg/day ww 0.004 kg/day ww

Sedimentc0.004 kg/day ww na

Total ingestiond 0.178 kg/day ww 0.394 kg/day ww

Exposure fraction 1 (unitless) 1 (unitless)

Relative PCB bioavailability factor 100% 100%

NOTE: na - not applicable

a USEPA 1995a,b.

b Normalized ingestion rate calculation.

c Assumed for this assessment.

d Site-specific data from the WDNR food chain study and the 1997 ERA were available to

evaluate 89% of diet for mink and 92% of diet for great blue heron.
Table 5-4a. Number of fish captured per species and

size class by mink in north central Lower Michigan

FISH LENGTH (cm)

FISH SPECIES < 7.6 < 10 < 12 < 15 < 18

Trout (brook, brown) 1 7 4 3 1

Sculpins 3

Blacknose dace 2

Creek chub 1 3

Suckers 1

Darters 3

Redbelly dace 1

SOURCE: Alexander 1977; table adapted from USEPA 1995a

Table 5-4b. Percent of fish captured per species and size class

 by great blue herons

FISH SPECIES/SIZE PERCENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF FISH CAPTURED

Staghorn sculpin

< 5 cm

about 7 cm

> 14 cm

27.8

7.6

2.2

Starry flounder

< 5 cm

about 7 cm

> 14 cm

15.0

8.1

5.2

Shiners, sea perch, penpoint

gunnels

< 5 cm

about 7 cm

30.6

3.5

 SOURCE: Krebs 1974; table adapted from USEPA 1995a
Table 5-5. Concentrations of total PCBs and TEQs

in crayfish collected for the WDNR food chain study in 1994

TOTAL PCBS MAMMAL TEQ BIRD TEQ

LOCATION (mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (ng/kg ww)

Reference area 0.045 51 170

Reference area 0.045 51 170

Reference area 0.061 na na

Mean 0.050 51 170

95% UCL 0.066 51a 170a

Segments 2/3 1.9 67 580

Segments 2/3 1.8 64 500

Segments 2/3 1.8 na na

Segments 2/3 2.5 69 520

Segments 2/3 2.4 66 440

Segments 2/3 2.2 na na

Mean 2.1 67 510

95% UCL 2.4 69 580

Segments 5/6 1.6 63 420

Segments 5/6 1.8 65 470

Segments 5/6 1.9 na na

Mean 1.8 64 450

95% UCL 2.0 65a 470a

NOTE: na – no data available

TEQ – toxic equivalent

UCL – upper confidence limit

Raw data are presented in Table A3-4 in Appendix A

a 95% UCL cannot be calculated; this value is the maximum.
Table 5-6. Concentrations of total PCBs, mammal TEQs, and bird TEQs in

fish collected for the WDNR food chain study in 1994 and for the 1997 ERA

TOTAL PCBS MAMMAL TEQ BIRD TEQ

(mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (ng/kg ww)

Reference area Longnose dace 0.065 55 250

Longnose dace 0.072 na na

Longnose dace 0.12 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 0.051 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 0.052 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 0.18 51 180

White sucker YOY 0.44 na na

White sucker YOY 0.12 na na

White sucker YOY 0.072 52 200

Smallmouth bass juvenile 0.11 3.1 36

Smallmouth bass juvenile 0.12 3.4 38

Smallmouth bass juvenile 0.11 3.8 37

Mean 0.13 28 120

95% UCL 0.18 50 200

Segments 2/3 Longnose dace 8.0 na na

Longnose dace 9.1 na na

Longnose dace 18 230 2,900

Longnose dace 14 na na

Longnose dace 17 na na

Longnose dace 20 150 2,300

Smallmouth bass YOY 20 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 18 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 18 280 4,100

Smallmouth bass YOY 23 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 18 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 31 440 5,700

White sucker YOY 9.8 na na

White sucker YOY 11 na na

White sucker YOY 10 150 1,700

White sucker YOY 3.5 na na

White sucker YOY 16 na na

White sucker YOY 9.1 98 1,100

Smallmouth bass juvenile 19 250 5,000

Smallmouth bass juvenile 23 330 6,600

Smallmouth bass juvenile 14 190 3,700

Smallmouth bass juvenile 21 380 6,800

Smallmouth bass juvenile 19 320 5,800

Smallmouth bass juvenile 18 340 5,800

Mean 16 260 4,300

95% UCL 18 320 5,300

Segments 5/6 Longnose dace 10 190 3,100

Longnose dace 14 na na

Longnose dace 14 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 4.4 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 4.1 na na

Smallmouth bass YOY 5.8 130 2,000

White sucker YOY 20 na na

White sucker YOY 19 na na

White sucker YOY 14 86 910

Smallmouth bass juvenile 9.1 120 2,400

Smallmouth bass juvenile 9.4 150 2,600

Smallmouth bass juvenile 12 160 2,900

Mean 11 140 2,300

95% UCL 14 170 2,900

NOTE: na – sufficient data not available Raw data are presented in Tables A1-7

TEQ – toxic equivalent and A3-4 in Appendix A

UCL – upper confidence limit

YOY - young-of-year
Table 5-7. Concentrations of PCBs, mammal TEQs, and

bird TEQs in sediments collected for the WDNR

food chain study in 1994 and for the 1997 ERA

TOTAL PCBS MAMMAL TEQ BIRD TEQ

(mg/kg ww) (ng/kg ww) (ng/kg ww)

Reference area 1A 0.016 6.1 21

1B 0.018 5.6 20

1C 0.017 5.6 19

1D 0.021 5.6 20

1E 0.020 5.6 20

S1-1 0.0051 0.055 1.2

S1-2 0.0076 0.29 2.6

S1-3 0.0051 0.045 0.78

Mean 0.014 3.6 13

95% UCL 0.018 5.5 19

Segments 2/3 3A 3.3 26 406

3B 3.0 18 318

3C 2.1 11 188

3D 4.6 15 317

3E 4.4 20 360

2A 2.7 14 261

2B 5.3 31 568

2C 3.5 13 252

2D 15 65 1,043

2E 11 54 1,211

S2-1 2.2 16 435

S2-2 12 184 3,869

S2-3 2.0 19 418

S3-1 2.4 19 363

S3-2 17 33 645

S3-3 1.2 31 570

Mean 5.6 36 701

95% UCL 7.8 54 1,091

Segments 5/6 6A 1.6 24 291

6B 1.8 12 234

6C 1.9 22 354

6D 1.8 18 336

6E 1.0 11 175

5A 2.1 16 336

5B 2.1 16 327

5C 1.1 12 212

5D 1.7 14 286

S5-1 1.7 35 663

S5-2 0.37 7.9 140

S5-3 1.2 27 487

S5-4 0.61 19 295

S5-5 0.38 5.4 106

Mean 1.4 17 303

95% UCL 1.7 21 370

NOTE: TEQ – toxic equivalent

UCL – upper confidence limit

Raw data are presented in Tables A1-6 and A3-1 in Appendix A.
Table 5-8. Mink and great blue heron dietary exposure calculations for TEQs

using 95 percent UCL and mean concentrations

TEQ CONCENTRATIONS

RECEPTOR

OF CONCERN DATA FORMAT LOCATION

SEDIMENT

INGESTION

(ng/day ww)

FISH

INGESTION

(ng/day ww)

CRAYFISH

INGESTION

(ng/day ww)

TOTAL DIETARY

INGESTION

(ng/kg bw day ww)

Mink 95% UCL Reference area 0.014 5.5 0.26 10

Segments 2/3 0.14 35 0.36 64

Segments 5/6 0.054 19 0.34 35

Mean Reference area 0.009 3.1 0.26 5.9

Segments 2/3 0.092 29 0.34 53

Segments 5/6 0.044 15 0.33 28

Great blue heron 95% UCL Reference area na 73 0.66 33

Segments 2/3 na 1,900 2.2 850

Segments 5/6 na 1,100 1.8 490

Mean Reference area na 44 0.66 20

Segments 2/3 na 1,600 2 720

Segments 5/6 na 840 1.7 380

NOTE: na - not applicable

TEQ - toxic equivalent

UCL - upper confidence limit
Table 5-9. Mink and great blue heron dietary exposure calculations for total PCBs

using 95 percent UCL and mean concentrations

TOTAL PCB CONCENTRATIONS

RECEPTOR

OF CONCERN DATA FORMAT LOCATION

SEDIMENT

INGESTION

(mg/day ww)

FISH

INGESTION

(mg/day ww)

CRAYFISH

INGESTION

(mg/day ww)

SMALL MAMMAL

INGESTION

(mg/day ww)

TOTAL DIETARY

INGESTION

(mg/kg bw day ww)

Mink 95% UCL Reference area 0.000065 0.027 0.00047 na 0.037

Segments 2/3 0.028 2.8 0.017 na 3.7

Segments 5/6 0.0060 2.1 0.014 0.0029 2.8

Mean Reference area 0.000049 0.019 0.00036 na 0.026

Segments 2/3 0.020 2.5 0.015 na 3.3

Segments 5/6 0.0049 1.7 0.013 0.0021 2.3

Great blue heron 95% UCL Reference area na 0.066 0.00026 na 0.030

Segments 2/3 na 6.7 0.0092 na 3.0

Segments 5/6 na 5.1 0.0078 0.0014 2.3

Mean Reference area na 0.046 0.00020 na 0.021

Segments 2/3 na 5.9 0.0082 na 2.7

Segments 5/6 na 4.1 0.0069 0.0010 1.8

NOTE: na - not applicable

UCL - upper confidence limit
Table 5-10a. NOAEL-based toxicity reference values

for mink and great blue heron

CONTAMINANT OF CONCERN DAILY DOSE SOURCE

Mink

TEQ 0.2 ng/kg bw daya Heaton et al. 1995

Total PCBs 0.004 mg/kg bw day Heaton et al. 1995

Great blue heron

TEQ 2.9 ng/kg bw daya Summer et al. 1996a,b

Total PCBs 0.046 mg/kg bw day Summer et al. 1996a,b

NOTE: NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a

These toxicity reference values have been recalculated. See Section 5.2.

Table 5-10b. LOAEL-based toxicity reference values

for mink and great blue heron

CONTAMINANT OF CONCERN DAILY DOSE SOURCE

Mink

TEQ 4 ng/kg bw daya Heaton et al. 1995

Total PCBs 0.146 mg/kg bw day Heaton et al. 1995

Great blue heron

TEQ 28 ng/kg bw daya Summer et al. 1996a,b

Total PCBs 0.4 mg/kg bw day Summer et al. 1996a,b

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a

These toxicity reference values have been recalculated. See Section 5.2.
Table 5-11. Derivation of mink NOAEL-based

and LOAEL-based toxicity reference values

CONTAMINANT OF CONCERN

TEQS TOTAL PCBS

Reference Heaton et al. 1995 Heaton et al. 1995

Form TEQa Aroclor 1248, 1254, 1260

NOAEL concentration 0.9 ng/kg TEQ in food 15 mg/kg food

LOAEL concentration 22.1 ng/kg TEQin food 720 mg/kg food

Test species mink mink

Administration route oral in diet oral in diet

Endpoint/effect reproduction reproduction

Study duration 85 days 85 days

Threshold type Chronic NOAEL Chronic NOAEL

Ingestionb 266 and 218 g/mink/day 266 and 218 g/mink/day

Ingestion reference from study from study

Body weightb 192 g and 1,075 g 192 g and 1,075 g

Body weight reference not reported from study

Test duration and/or effect

concentration uncertainty factor

1 1

Interspecies uncertainty factor 1 1

NOAEL-based TRV 0.22 ng TEQ/kg bw day 3.65 mg/kg bw day

LOAEL-based TRV 4.0 ng TEQ/kg bw day 146 mg/kg bw day

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TEQ - toxic equivalent

TRV - toxicity reference values

a Calculated using WHO toxic equivalency factors (Ahlborg et al. 1994).

b Control dose (LOAEL) and low dose (NOAEL).
Table 5-12. Derivation of great blue heron NOAEL-based

and LOAEL-based toxicity reference values

CONTAMINANT OF CONCERN

TEQS TOTAL PCBS

Reference Summer et al. 1996a,b Summer et al. 1996a,b

Form TEQa Total PCBs

NOAEL concentration 51.2 ng/kg TEQ in food 0.8 mg/kg food

LOAEL concentration 512 ng/kg TEQ in food 6.6 mg/kg food

Test species chicken chicken

Administration route oral in diet oral in diet

Endpoint/effect reproduction reproduction

Study duration 10 weeks 10 weeks

Threshold type Chronic NOAEL Chronic NOAEL

Ingestionb 91.2 and 89.1 g/day 91.2 and 89.1 g/day

Ingestion reference from study from study

Body weight 1.59 and 1.57 kg 1.59 and 1.57 kg

Body weight reference from study from study

Test duration and/or effects conc.

uncertainty factor

1 1

Interspecies uncertainty factor 1 1

NOAEL-based TRV 2.9 ng TEQ/kg bw day 0.046 mg/kg bw day

LOAEL-based TRV 28 ng TEQ/kg bw day 0.4 mg/kg bw day

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TEQ - toxic equivalent

TRV - toxicity reference values

a Calculated using CEH toxic equivalency factors (Kennedy et al. 1996).

b

Lowest dose (NOAEL) and high dose (LOAEL).
Table 5-13. Comparison of 2,3,7,8-TCDD TEQs derived using various TEF values and

dioxin, furan, and PCB congener data from dietary toxicity tests

DIETARY TOXICITY TEST DATA (ng/kg) DIETARY TEQS (ng/kg)

MAMMAL CHICKEN MAMMAL CHICKEN

H4IIE TEFs WHO TEFsa H4IIE TEFs CEH TEFsb

NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL NOAEL LOAEL

CONTROL

(0% CARP)

10%

CARP

3.5%

CARP

34%

CARP

CONTROL

(0% carp)

10%

CARP

CONTROL

(0% carp)

10%

CARP

3.5%

CARP

34%

CARP

3.5%

CARP

34%

CARP

Dioxins

2,3,7,8-TCDD nd 2 0.7 6.8 nd 2.000 nd 2.0 0.700 6.800 0.7 6.8

1,2,3,7,8-PECDD nd 2 0.7 6.8 nd 0.840 nd 2.0 0.294 2.856 0.77 7.48

1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDD nd 2 0.7 6.8 nd 0.166 nd 0.2 0.058 0.564 na na

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD nd 1 0.4 3.4 nd 0.024 nd 0.1 0.008 0.082 na na

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD nd 1 0.4 3.4 nd 0.034 nd 0.1 0.012 0.116 na na

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HPCDD 5 7 2.5 23.8 0.12 0.161 0.05 0.1 0.056 0.547 na na

OCDD 37 45 15.8 153 0.12 0.023 0.004 0.0 0.008 0.077 na na

Furans

2,3,7,8-TCDF nd 2 0.7 6.8 nd 0.400 nd 0.2 0.140 1.360 0.77 7.48

1,2,3,7,8-PECDF nd 1 0.4 3.4 nd 0.200 nd 0.1 0.070 0.680 na na

2,3,4,7,8-PECDF nd 4 1.4 13.6 nd 5.600 nd 2.0 1.960 19.040 na na

1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDF nd 1 0.4 3.4 nd 0.020 nd 0.1 0.007 0.068 na na

1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF nd 1 0.4 3.4 nd 0.060 nd 0.1 0.021 0.204 na na

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd na na

2,3,4,6,7,8-HXCDF nd 1 0.4 3.4 nd 0.300 nd 0.1 0.105 1.020 na na

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HPCDF nd 2 0.7 6.8 nd 0.600 nd 0.0 0.210 2.040 na na

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HPCDF nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd na na

OCDF 1 1 0.4 3.4 nd nd nd 0.0 nd nd na na

PCB Congeners

081 2 27 9.5 91.8 0.004 0.051 0.0002 0.0 0.018 0.174 1.89 18.36

077 11 300 105.0 1,020 0.0002 0.005 0.0011 0.0 0.002 0.018 3.5 30.6

126 5 88 30.8 299.2 0.11 1.936 0.50 8.8 0.678 6.582 9.24 89.76

169 2 5 1.8 17 0.001 0.002 0.02 0.1 0.001 0.008 0.035 0.34

123 30 920 322.0 3,128 0.0004 0.011 0.003 0.1 0.004 0.038 na na

118 1,660 35,000 12,250.0 119,000 0.0006 0.012 0.17 3.5 0.004 0.042 12.25 119

114 30 1,200 420.0 4,080 0.00003 0.001 0.02 0.6 0.000 0.004 na na

105 510 12,000 4,200.0 40,800 0.0041 0.096 0.05 1.2 0.034 0.326 21 204

167 110 1,100 385.0 3740 0.0010 0.010 0.0011 0.0 0.003 0.034 0.77 7.48

156 110 1,300 455.0 4,420 0.01 0.072 0.06 0.7 0.025 0.243 0.455 4.42

157 40 280 98.0 952 0.0006 0.004 0.02 0.1 0.001 0.014 0.196 1.904

189 10 200 70.0 680 0.0001 0.002 0.0010 0.0 0.001 0.007 na na

Total TEQ 0.3 12.6 0.9 22.1 4.4 42.9 51.2 497.6
Table 5-13, continued

SOURCE: Heaton et al. 1995; Summer et al. 1996a,b, and Tillitt et al. 1996

NOTE: CEH - chick embryo hepatocyte

H4IIE - H4IIE rat hepatoma assay

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

na - no TEF available

nd - not detected

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivanlent

a Ahlborg et al. 1994

b Kennedy et al. 1996
Table 5-14. NOAEL and LOAEL doses calculated

using dietary concentration data presented in Tillitt et al. 1996

NOAEL TEQ DAILY DOSE

(ng/kg bw day)

LOAEL TEQ DAILY

DOSE (ng/kg bw day)

Mink H4IIE TEFS 0.06 2.6

WHO TEFsa0.22 4.5

Great blue heron H4IIE TEFS 0.3 2.4

CEH TEFsb2.9 28

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivalent

Summer et al. (1996a,b), Heaton et al. (1995), and Tillitt et al. (1996) used the

same data set for their studies

a Ahlborg et al. 1994

b Kennedy et al. 1996
Table 5-15. Various TEF values available for

evaluating PCB toxicity to birds and mammals

MAMMALS BIRDS

CONGENERS H4IIE TEF

WHO TEF

(AHLBORG ET AL.

1994)

CEH TEF

(KENNEDY ET AL.

1996)

WHO TEF

(AHLBORG ET AL.

1994)

Dioxins

2,3,7,8-TCDD 1 1 1 1

1,2,3,7,8-PECDD 0.42 1 1.1 1

1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDD 0.083 0.1 na 0.05

1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDD 0.024 0.1 na 0.01

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDD 0.034 0.1 na 0.1

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HPCDD 0.023 0.01 na 0.001

OCDD 0.000504 0.0001 na na

Furans

2,3,7,8-TCDF 0.2 0.1 1.1 1

1,2,3,7,8-PECDF 0.2 0.05 na 0.1

2,3,4,7,8-PECDF 1.4 0.5 na 1

1,2,3,4,7,8-HXCDF 0.02 0.1 na 0.1

1,2,3,6,7,8-HXCDF 0.06 0.1 na 0.1

1,2,3,7,8,9-HXCDF 0.2 0.1 na 0.1

2,3,4,6,7,8-HXCDF 0.3 0.1 na 0.1

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HPCDF 0.3 0.01 na 0.01

1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HPCDF 0.02 0.01 na 0.01

OCDF na 0.0001 na 0.0001

PCB congeners

081 0.0019 0.0001 0.2 0.1

077 0.000018 0.0001 0.03 0.05

126 0.022 0.1 0.3 0.1

169 0.00047 0.01 0.02 0.001

123 0.000012 0.0001 na 0.00001

118 0.00000035 0.0001 0.001 0.00001

114 0.000001 0.0005 na 0.0001

105 0.000008 0.0001 0.005 0.0001

167 0.000009 0.00001 0.002 0.00001

156 0.000055 0.0005 0.001 0.0001

157 0.000015 0.0005 0.002 0.0001

189 0.00001 0.0001 na 0.00001

Total TEF 4.3 3.5 3.8 4.9

Total TEF for PCB congeners 0.02 0.11 0.56 0.25

NOTE: na – no TEF available

TEF - toxic equivalency factor
Table 5-16. Hazard quotients calculated for mink and

great blue heron exposed to TEQs through dietary ingestion

RECEPTOR SPECIES DATA FORMAT LOCATION

NOAEL-BASED

HAZARD

QUOTIENT

LOAEL-BASED

HAZARD

QUOTIENT

Mink 95% UCL TEQ exposure Reference area 45 2.2

Segments 2/3 290 14.0

Segments 5/6 160 7.8

Mean TEQ exposure Reference area 27 1.3

Segments 2/3 240 12.0

Segments 5/6 130 6.2

Great blue heron 95% UCL TEQ exposure Reference area 11 1.2

Segments 2/3 290 30

Segments 5/6 170 18

Mean TEQ exposure Reference area 6.9 0.71

Segments 2/3 250 26

Segments 5/6 130 14

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

TEQ - toxic equivalent

UCL - upper confidence limit

Table 5-17. Hazard quotients calculated for mink and great blue heron

exposed to PCBs through dietary ingestion

RECEPTOR SPECIES DATA FORMAT LOCATION

NOAEL-BASED

HAZARD

QUOTIENT

LOAEL-BASED

HAZARD

QUOTIENT

Mink 95% UCL PCB exposure Reference area 10 0.3

Segments 2/3 1,000 25

Segments 5/6 770 19

Mean PCB exposure Reference area 7.0 0.2

Segments 2/3 900 23

Segments 5/6 620 15

Great blue heron 95% UCL PCB exposure Reference area 0.6 0.1

Segments 2/3 65 8

Segments 5/6 49 6.1

Mean PCB exposure Reference area 0.4 0.1

Segments 2/3 58 7.1

Segments 5/6 40 4.9

NOTE: LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

UCL - upper confidence limit
Table 6-1. Classification of stations as toxic compared with sediment

benchmark exceedances by chemical groups

EXCEEDANCE RATIOSa,b

TOXIC ENDPOINT

COMPARED TO NEGATIVE

CONTROL

TOXIC ENDPOINT

COMPARED TO

REFERENCE METAL METAL METAL PAH PAH PAH

TOTAL

PCBS

TOTAL

PCBS PCB

STATION H AZTECA C. RIPARIUS TOXIC SAMPLE H. AZTECA C. RIPARIUS TOXIC SAMPLE > TEL > PEL > NEC > TEL > PEL > NEC > TEL > PEL > NEC

T-07 Survival Survival Toxic Survival Survival Toxic 5.6 16 24,000 3,100 4,000

T-08 45 30 4 5.1

T-09 Survival Toxic 56 1 10 1.3 1.6

T-10 Survival Survival Toxic 3.4 45 8 1.3

T-11 Survival Survival Toxic 2.5 260 22 2.2 7 1.2

T-12 130 7 6 1.0

T-13 Survival Toxic 7.0 1.6 1.9 220 17 13 1.7 2.2

T-14 Survival,

Growthc

Survival Toxic 2.5 190 14 14 1.8 2.4

T-15 Survival Toxic 3.6 170 9 12 1.5 1.9

T-16 Survival Toxic 3.9 120 5 13 1.8 2.3

T-17 Survival Toxic 98 3 13 1.7 2.2

T-18 Survival Toxic 1.1 92 4 12 1.6 2.0

T-19 Survival Toxic 2.4 290 26 2.8 14 1.8 2.4

T-20 Survival Survival Toxic 3.6 90 5 11 1.5 1.9

NOTE: Blanks indicate no individual chemical concentration exceeded the benchmark

TEL - threshold effects level

PEL - probable effects level

NEC - no effects concentration

Full bioassay results are in Appendix C and sediment chemistry results are in Tables A1-1, A1-2, and A1-3 in Appendix A

a Sum of the exceedance ratios (i.e., the chemical concentration measured in sediment divided by the sediment quality guideline) of the chemicals with individual

exceedances.

b Sediment quality guidelines used to determine exceedance ratios are based on the 14-day Hyalella azteca test, except for the PCB guidelines which are based on

the 28-day H. azteca test because the guidelines were not available for the 14-day test.

c Growth endpoint based on total biomass.
Table 6-2. Number of correctly classified samples, false positives,

and false negatives, when toxicity is based on a statistical

comparison to the negative control

TEL PEL NEC

ANALYTE TOXICa

NOT

TOXIC TOXIC

NOT

TOXIC TOXIC

NOT

TOXIC

Metals

Sediment benchmarks exceeded 10 0 1 0 1 0

Sediment benchmarks not exceeded 2 2 11 2 11 2

Percent of samples

correctly classified

86 29 29

Type I false positive 0 0 0

Type II false negative 14 71 71

PAHS

Sediment benchmarks exceeded 12 2 10 1 2 0

Sediment benchmarks not exceeded 0 0 2 1 10 2

Percent of samples

correctly classified

86 79 29

Type I false positive 14 7 0

Type II false negative 0 14 71

PCBS

b

Sediment benchmarks exceeded 12 2 10 1 12 2

Sediment benchmarks not exceeded 0 0 2 1 0 0

Percent of samples

correctly classified

86 79 86

Type I false positive 14 7 14

Type II false negative 0 14 0

NOTE: NEC - no effects concentration

PEL - probable effects level

TEL - threshold effects level

Type I error (false positive): Percent of samples sediment benchmarks predicted as

toxic that were non-toxic

Type II error (false negative): Percent of samples sediment benchmarks predicted as

non-toxic that were toxic

a Samples were considered toxic if they were significantly different than negative

controls in Hyalella azteca survival or growth (total biomass) or Chironomus riparius

survival or growth (total biomass); see Table 3-6 for a summary of results.

b PCB values based on 28-day H. azteca test. No data available for 14-day H. azteca

test.
Table 6-3. Number of correctly classified samples, false positives,

and false negatives, when toxicity is based on a statistical

comparison to reference

TEL PEL NEC

ANALYTE TOXICa

NOT

TOXIC TOXIC

NOT

TOXIC TOXIC

NOT

TOXIC

Metals

Sediment benchmarks exceeded 1 9 0 1 1 1

Sediment benchmarks not exceeded 0 4 1 12 1 11

Percent of samples

correctly classified

36 86 86

Type I false positive 64 7 7

Type II false negative 0 7 7

PAHS

Sediment benchmarks exceeded 1 13 0 11 0 2

Sediment benchmarks not exceeded 0 0 1 2 1 11

Percent of samples

correctly classified

7 14 79

Type I false positive 93 79 14

Type II false negative 0 7 7

PCBS

b

Sediment benchmarks exceeded 1 13 1 10 1 13

Sediment benchmarks not exceeded 0 0 0 3 0 0

Percent of samples

correctly classified

7 29 7

Type I false positive 93 71 93

Type II false negative 0 0 0

NOTE: NEC - no effects concentration

PEL - probable effects level

TEL - threshold effects level

Type I error (false positive): Percent of samples sediment benchmarks predicted as toxic

that were non-toxic

Type II error (false negative): Percent of samples sediment benchmarks predicted as nontoxic that were toxic

a Samples were considered toxic if they were significantly different from reference samples in

Hyalella azteca survival or growth (total biomass) or Chironomus riparius survival or growth

(total biomass); see Table 3-6 for a summary of results.

b PCB values based on 28-day H. azteca test. No data available for 14-day H. azteca test.
Table 6-4. Derivation of protective sediment concentrations in the Sheboygan River

for fish health endpoint using congener-specific food-web bioaccumulation modeling

4.0% = Mean total organic carbon content of Sheboygan River sedimentsa

2.9% = Mean lipid content of juvenile smallmouth bassb

SHEBOYGAN FISH NOAEL LOAEL CONGENER CONGENER EGG ADULT SMB JUVENILE SMB OBSERVED MODELED NOAEL LOAEL OBSERVED

PCB RIVER PCB TEF TEQeTEQePORTION PARTIAL TEQgBENCHMARK

h

BENCHMARK 

i

BENCHMARK

j

IN FISH

b

BSAFkPSClPSClSEDIMENT

b

CONGENER

C

SEGMENT VALUE

d

(ng/kg) (ng/kg) OF TEQf(ng/kg) (mg/kg)m (mg/kg)m (mg/kg)m (mg/kg)m (Age 1+) (mg/kg)m (mg/kg)m (mg/kg)m

077 1 0.00016 23 50 12.5% 2.9 18.0 15.0 7.9 0.11 2.93 3.7 8.1 0.0163

2 0.00016 23 50 42.3% 9.7 60.8 50.7 26.7 39.3 2.93 12.6 27.3 28.05

3 0.00016 23 50 28.5% 6.6 41.0 34.1 18.0 28.7 2.93 8.5 18.4 9.05

5 0.00016 23 50 27.5% 6.3 39.5 32.9 17.3 10.4 2.93 8.2 17.7 5.95

118 1 0.000003 23 50 17.0% 3.9 1,303.3 1,086.1 571.6 7.7 3.057 257.9 560.7 0.5933

2 0.000003 23 50 13.3% 3.1 1,019.7 849.7 447.2 646.7 3.057 201.8 438.7 295

3 0.000003 23 50 19.1% 4.4 1,464.3 1,220.3 642.3 1,013.3 3.057 289.8 630.0 83

5 0.000003 23 50 23.2% 5.3 1,778.7 1,482.2 780.1 466.7 3.057 352.0 765.2 43.6

126 1 0.005 23 50 62.5% 14.38 2.88 2.40 1.26 0.02 3.078 0.57 1.23 0.0027

2 0.005 23 50 38.0% 8.74 1.75 1.46 0.77 1.12 3.078 0.34 0.75 0.6927

3 0.005 23 50 45.0% 10.35 2.07 1.73 0.91 1.44 3.078 0.41 0.88 0.2487

5 0.005 23 50 40.1% 9.22 1.84 1.54 0.81 0.49 3.078 0.36 0.79 0.1758

NOTE: BSAF - Biota sediment accumulation factor

LOAEL - Lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - No observed adverse effects level

PSC - Protective sediment concentration

SMB - Smallmouth bass

TEF - Toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - Toxic equivalent

a Mean of 1997 ERA and WDNR food chain study.

b Mean of data from 1997 ERA (see Table A1-7 in Appendix A-1).

c

PCB congeners 077, 118, and 126 contributed over 90 percent of the total PCB TEQ in

every segment.

d

TEF scheme for fish toxicity from Walker and Peterson (1991).

e

NOAEL for survival of lake trout fry is 23 ng/kg TCDD in eggs (Walker et al. 1994).

LOAEL of 50 ng/kg egg based on significantly increased sac fry mortality in same

study.

f

Values based on mean of three composites within each river segment.

g

Represents portion of total TEQ threshold attributable to a specific congener.

h Maximum acceptable egg concentration (based on NOAEL) of given congener.

i

Benchmark adult smallmouth bass tissue concentrations converted from threshold egg

concentrationsh using experimentally observed ratio of contaminant in smallmouth bass

eggs to fish tissue of 1.2 (Niimi 1983).

j

Benchmark juvenile smallmouth bass tissue concentrations converted from adult

benchmarki using the ratio of adult to juvenile TEQ concentrations (1.9) observed in

1997 ERA and WDNR food chain study (Section 4.0).

k

Lipid and organic carbon normalized biota sediment accumulation factor determined

using food-web bioaccumulation model.

l

Protective sediment concentration for fish health endpoint, based on NOAEL and

LOAEL.

m Units represent the concentration of an individual PCB congener.
Table 6-5. Protective fish TEQ concentrations

FISH INGESTION BODY WEIGHT TEQ TRV

PROTECTIVE FISH

CONCENTRATION

RECEPTOR (kg/day ww) (kg) (ng/kg day ww) (ng/kg ww)

Mink 0.152 0.55 0.22 1.1

Great blue heron 0.365 2.23 3.0 18

NOTE: TEQ - toxic equivalent

TRV - toxicity reference value
Table 6-6. Derivation of protective sediment concentrations in the Sheboygan River

for mammalian health endpoint using congener-specific food-web bioaccumulation modeling

4.0% = Mean total organic carbon content of Sheboygan River sedimentsa

2.9% = Mean lipid content of juvenile smallmouth bassb

PCB

CONGENERc

SHEBOYGAN

RIVER

SEGMENT

MAMMAL

PCB TEF

VALUEd

NOAEL

TEQe

(ng/kg)

LOAEL

TEQe

(ng/kg)

CONGENER

PORTION OF

TEQf

CONGENER

PARTIAL

TEQg

(ng/kg)

FISH TISSUE

BENCHMARKh

(mg/kg)

k

OBSERVED IN

FISHb

(mg/kg)

k

MODELED

BSAFi

(Age 1+) k

NOAEL

PSCj

(mg/kg)

 k

LOAEL

 PSCj

(mg/kg)

k

OBSERVED

SEDIMENTb

(mg/kg)

k

105 1 0.0001 1.14 23.7 7.0% 0.08 0.8 2.4 3.037 0.36 7.53 0.26

2 0.0001 1.14 23.7 11.1% 0.13 1.3 280.0 3.037 0.57 11.95 146.7

3 0.0001 1.14 23.7 10.3% 0.12 1.2 356.7 3.037 0.53 11.09 40.7

5 0.0001 1.14 23.7 11.2% 0.13 1.3 160.0 3.037 0.58 12.06 23.8

118 1 0.0001 1.14 23.7 22.5% 0.26 2.6 7.7 3.057 1.16 24.06 0.59

2 0.0001 1.14 23.7 25.1% 0.29 2.9 646.7 3.057 1.29 26.84 295.0

3 0.0001 1.14 23.7 29.3% 0.33 3.3 1013.3 3.057 1.51 31.33 83.0

5 0.0001 1.14 23.7 32.7% 0.37 3.7 466.7 3.057 1.68 34.97 43.6

126 1 0.1 1.14 23.7 50.2% 0.57 0.006 0.02 3.078 0.0026 0.0533 0.0027

2 0.1 1.14 23.7 43.5% 0.50 0.005 1.12 3.078 0.0022 0.0462 0.693

3 0.1 1.14 23.7 41.7% 0.48 0.005 1.44 3.078 0.0021 0.0443 0.249

5 0.1 1.14 23.7 34.2% 0.39 0.004 0.49 3.078 0.0017 0.0363 0.176

156 1 0.0005 1.14 23.7 13.8% 0.16 0.3 0.95 3.079 0.14 2.93 0.06

2 0.0005 1.14 23.7 10.6% 0.12 0.2 53.17 3.079 0.11 2.25 16.3

3 0.0005 1.14 23.7 10.7% 0.12 0.2 73.70 3.079 0.11 2.27 9.0

5 0.0005 1.14 23.7 12.5% 0.14 0.3 35.50 3.079 0.13 2.65 4.3

NOTE: BSAF - biota sediment accumulation factor

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

PSC - protective sediment concentration

TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a Mean of 1997 ERA and WDNR food chain study.

b Mean of data from 1997 ERA.

c PCB congeners 105, 118, 126 and 156 contributed over 90 percent of the

total PCB TEQ in every segment for 1997 ERA data.

d

TEF scheme for mammalian toxicity, based on World Health Organization

(Ahlborg et al. 1994).

e NOAEL and LOAEL for reproductive effects in mink are 1.14 ng/kg TEQ and

23.7 ng/kg TEQ, respectively.

f Values based on mean of three composites within each river segment.

g Represents portion of total TEQ threshold attributable to a specific

congener.

h Maxiumum acceptable fish tissue concentration of given congener.

i

Lipid and organic carbon normalized biota-sediment accumulation factor

determined using food-web bioaccumulation model.

j Protective sediment concentration for mammalian health endpoint based on

NOAEL and LOAEL.

k Units represent the concentration of an individual PCB congener.
Table 6-7. Derivation of protective sediment concentrations in the Sheboygan River

for avian health endpoint using congener-specific food-web bioaccumulation modeling

4.0% = Mean total organic carbon content of Sheboygan River sedimentsa

2.9% = Mean lipid content of juvenile smallmouth bassb

SHEBOYGAN AVIAN NOAEL LOAEL CONGENER CONGENER FISH TISSUE OBSERVED MODELED NOAEL LOAEL OBSERVED

PCB RIVER PCB TEF TEQe

TEQe PORTION PARTIAL TEQg BENCHMARKh

IN FISHb BSAFi PSCj PSCj SEDIMENTb

CONGENERc SEGMENT VALUEd (ng/kg) (ng/kg) OF TEQf

(ng/kg) k (mg/kg)

 k (mg/kg) k (Age 1+) (mg/kg)

 k (mg/kg) k (mg/kg) k

066 1 0.002 17.9 177.8 7.7% 1.38 0.7 1.4 2.847 0.33 3.32 0.19

2 0.002 17.9 177.8 22.1% 3.96 2.0 563.3 2.847 0.96 9.52 310.0

3 0.002 17.9 177.8 25.8% 4.62 2.3 786.7 2.847 1.12 11.11 89.7

5 0.002 17.9 177.8 25.7% 4.60 2.3 333.3 2.847 1.11 11.07 50.0

077 1 0.03 17.9 177.8 8.6% 1.54 0.05 0.1 2.93 0.02 0.24 0.02

2 0.03 17.9 177.8 22.9% 4.10 0.14 39.3 2.93 0.06 0.64 28.1

3 0.03 17.9 177.8 14.1% 2.52 0.08 28.7 2.93 0.04 0.39 9.1

5 0.03 17.9 177.8 12.0% 2.15 0.07 10.4 2.93 0.03 0.33 6.0

105 1 0.005 17.9 177.8 32.2% 5.76 1.2 2.4 3.037 0.52 5.20 0.26

2 0.005 17.9 177.8 27.9% 4.99 1.0 280.0 3.037 0.45 4.51 146.7

3 0.005 17.9 177.8 29.3% 5.24 1.0 356.7 3.037 0.48 4.73 40.7

5 0.005 17.9 177.8 30.7% 5.50 1.1 160.0 3.037 0.50 4.96 23.8

118 1 0.001 17.9 177.8 20.8% 3.72 3.7 7.7 3.057 1.68 16.69 0.59

2 0.001 17.9 177.8 12.7% 2.27 2.3 646.7 3.057 1.03 10.19 295.0

3 0.001 17.9 177.8 16.7% 2.99 3.0 1013.3 3.057 1.35 13.40 83.0

5 0.001 17.9 177.8 17.9% 3.20 3.2 466.7 3.057 1.45 14.36 43.6

126 1 0.3 17.9 177.8 14.1% 2.52 0.008 0.02 3.078 0.0038 0.0374 0.0027

2 0.3 17.9 177.8 6.6% 1.18 0.004 1.12 3.078 0.0018 0.0175 0.693

3 0.3 17.9 177.8 7.1% 1.27 0.004 1.44 3.078 0.0019 0.0189 0.249

5 0.3 17.9 177.8 5.6% 1.00 0.003 0.49 3.078 0.0015 0.0149 0.176

NOTE: BSAF - biota sediment accumulation factor

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

PSC - protective sediment concentration

TEF - toxic equivalency factor

TEQ - toxic equivalent

a Mean of 1997 ERA and WDNR food chain study.

b Mean of data from 1997 ERA (see Table A1-7 in Appendix A).

c PCB congeners 066, 077, 105, 118, and 126 contributed over 91 percent of

the total PCB TEQ in Segments 2 to 5.

d

TEF scheme for avian toxicity, based on Kennedy et al. (1996).

e NOAEL and LOAEL for reproductive effects in birds are 17.9 ng/kg TEQ 

and 177.8 ng/kg TEQ, respectively.

f Values based on mean of three composites within each river segment.

g Represents portion of total TEQ threshold attributable to a specific

congener.

h Maximum acceptable fish tissue concentration (based on NOAEL) of given

congener based on NOAEL.

i

Lipid and organic carbon normalized biota sediment accumulation factor

determined using food-web bioaccumulation model.

j Protective sediment concentration for avian health endpoint.

k Units represent the concentration of an individual PCB congener.
Table 6-8. Protective sediment concentrations for fish

CONGENER -SPECIFIC TOTAL PCBS

PCB

CONGENER

RIVER

SEGMENT

NOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

LOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

NOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

LOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

66 2 – – – –

3 – – – –

5 – – – –

77 2 19 30 5.7 9.1

3 13 20 3.9 6.2

5 12 20 3.7 6.0

105 2 – – – –

3 – – – –

5 – – – –

118 2 300 480 9.2 15

3 430 690 13 21

5 520 840 16 25

126 2 0.5 0.8 5.6 8.7

3 0.6 1.0 6.6 11

5 0.5 0.9 5.6 9.8

156 2 – – – –

3 – – – –

5 – – – –

NOTE: Bold values are extrapolations (effects levels outside of the range of congeners measured)

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

– - not calculated; no toxic equivalency factor available
Table 6-9. Protective sediment concentrations for great blue heron

CONGENER -SPECIFIC TOTAL PCBS

PCB

CONGENER

RIVER

SEGMENT

NOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

LOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

NOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

LOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

66 2 0.96 9.5 0.35 0.59

3 1.1 11 0.36 0.64

5 1.1 11 0.36 0.64

77 2 0.06 0.64 0.15 0.32

3 0.04 0.39 0.14 0.25

5 0.03 0.33 0.14 0.23

105 2 0.45 4.5 0.72 0.94

3 0.48 4.7 0.72 0.95

5 0.5 5.0 0.72 0.97

118 2 1.0 10 0.49 0.76

3 1.4 13 0.50 0.86

5 1.5 14 0.50 0.88

126 2 0.0018 0.018 0.34 0.50

3 0.0019 0.019 0.34 0.52

5 0.0015 0.015 0.33 0.47

156 2 – – – –

3 – – – –

5 – – – –

NOTE: Bold values are extrapolations (effects levels outside of the range of congeners measured)

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

– - not calculated; no toxic equivalency factor available
Table 6-10. Protective sediment concentrations for mink

CONGENER -SPECIFIC TOTAL PCBS

PCB

CONGENER

RIVER

SEGMENT

NOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

LOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

NOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

LOAEL-BASED

PROTECTIVE

SEDIMENT

CONCENTRATION

(μg/kg dw)

66 2 – – – –

3 – – – –

5 – – – –

77 2 – – – –

3 – – – –

5 – – – –

105 2 0.57 12 0.73 1.3

3 0.53 11 0.72 1.3

5 0.58 12 0.73 1.4

118 2 1.3 27 0.50 1.3

3 1.5 31 0.50 1.4

5 1.7 35 0.51 1.5

126 2 0.0022 0.046 0.34 0.80

3 0.0021 0.044 0.34 0.78

5 0.0017 0.036 0.34 0.70

156 2 0.11 2.3 0.050 1.0

3 0.11 2.3 0.050 1.0

5 0.13 2.7 0.059 1.2

NOTE: Bold values are extrapolations (effects levels outside of the range of congeners measured)

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level

– - not calculated; no toxic equivalency factor available
Table 6-11. Total PCB protective sediment concentrations in Segments 2, 3, and 5

FISH HERON MINK

PCB

CONGENER

NOAEL

(mg/kg dw)

LOAEL

(mg/kg dw)

NOAEL

(mg/kg dw)

LOAEL

(mg/kg dw)

NOAEL

(mg/kg dw)

LOAEL

(mg/kg dw)

66 — — 0.35–0.36 0.59–0.64 — —

77 3.7–5.7 6.0–9.1 0.14–0.15 0.23–0.32 — —

105 — — 0.72–0.72 0.94–0.97 0.72–0.73 1.3–1.4

118 9.2–16 15–25 0.49–0.50 0.76–0.88 0.50–0.51 1.3–1.5

126 5.6–6.6 8.7–11 0.33–0.34 0.47–0.52 0.34–0.34 0.70–0.80

156 — — — — 0.050–0.059 1.0–1.2

Overall range 3.7–16 6.0–25 0.14–0.72 0.23–0.97 0.050–0.73 0.70–1.5

NOTE: — - not calculated; no toxic equivalency factor available

LOAEL - lowest observed adverse effects level

NOAEL - no observed adverse effects level
Sheboygan River and Harbor

AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

Volume 3 of 3

Appendices

Prepared for

United States Environmental Protection Agency,

Region 5

77 West Jackson Blvd.

Chicago, IL 60604

Prepared by

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115

and

EVS Environment Consultants, Inc.

200 West Mercer Street, Suite 403

Seattle, WA 98119

EVS Project No.

2/575-37, 2/789-10

NOVEMBER 1998