Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released August 10, 2012, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Corn Production Down 13 Percent from 2011

Soybean Production Down 12 Percent from 2011

Cotton Production Up 13 Percent from 2011

Winter Wheat Production Up 1 Percent from July Forecast

Corn production is forecast at 10.8 billion bushels, down 13 percent from 2011 and the lowest production since 2006. 

Based on conditions as of August 1, yields are expected to average 123.4 bushels per acre, down 23.8 bushels from 2011. 

If realized, this will be the lowest average yield since 1995. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 87.4 million acres, 

down 2 percent from the June forecast but up 4 percent from 2011. 

Soybean production is forecast at 2.69 billion bushels, down 12 percent from last year. Based on August 1 conditions, 

yields are expected to average 36.1 bushels per acre, down 5.4 bushels from last year. If realized, the average yield will be 

the lowest since 2003. Area for harvest is forecast at 74.6 million acres, down 1 percent from June but up 1 percent from 

2011.

All cotton production is forecast at 17.7 million 480-pound bales, up 13 percent from last year. Yield is expected to 

average 784 pounds per harvested acre, down 6 pounds from last year. Upland cotton production is forecast at 

17.0 million 480-pound bales, up 15 percent from 2011. Pima cotton production, forecast at 663,000 bales, is down 

22 percent from last year. Producers expect to harvest 10.8 million acres of all cotton, up 14 percent from 2011. This 

harvested total includes 10.6 million acres of Upland cotton and 233,400 acres of Pima cotton.

All wheat production, at 2.27 billion bushels, is up 2 percent from the July forecast and up 13 percent from 2011. Based 

on August 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 46.5 bushels per acre, up 0.9 bushel from last month and up 

2.8 bushels from last year.
2 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.68 billion bushels, up 1 percent from July and up 13 percent from 2011. Based 

on August 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at a record high 48.0 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from last 

month and 1.8 bushels higher than last year. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 35.0 million acres, 

unchanged from last month but up 8 percent from last year.

Hard Red Winter, at 1.01 billion bushels, is up slightly from a month ago. Soft Red Winter production is up 1 percent 

from the previous forecast and now totals 435 million bushels. White Winter production totals 236 million bushels, up 

2 percent from last month. Of this total, 13.9 million bushels are Hard White and 222 million bushels are Soft White.

Durum wheat production is forecast at 86.0 million bushels, up 5 percent from July and up 70 percent from 2011. The 

United States yield is forecast at 40.5 bushels per acre, up 1.9 bushels from last month and up 2.0 bushels from last year. 

Expected area to be harvested for grain totals 2.12 million acres, unchanged from last month, but up 62 percent from last 

year.

Other spring wheat production is forecast at 500 million bushels, up 6 percent from the July forecast and up 10 percent 

from last year. Area harvested for grain is expected to total 11.7 million acres, unchanged from last month but down 

3 percent from last year. The United States yield is forecast at 42.8 bushels per acre, up 2.4 bushels from last month and 

5.1 bushels above 2011. Of the total production, 463 million bushels are Hard Red Spring Wheat, up 6 percent from last 

month and up 16 percent from last year.

This report was approved on August 10, 2012.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Kathleen A. Merrigan

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (August 2012) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Selected Crops Area Planted – States and United States: 2012 .............................................................................................. 5

Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012........................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Corn Production – United States Chart................................................................................................................................... 7

Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012..................... 8

Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012................ 8

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012........................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012...................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012............................................................. 10

Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012................. 11

Rice Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012 ................................................................ 11

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012.................................................................................................................................................... 12

All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012...................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012...................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Soybean Production – United States Chart........................................................................................................................... 15

Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012 ............. 15

Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012...................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Cottonseed Production – United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012 .................................................................... 16

Cotton Production – United States Chart.............................................................................................................................. 17

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012.................................................................................................................................................... 17
4 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted by Commercial Class – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012 ......................................................................................................................................................................18

Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production — States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012 ......................................................................................................................................................................20

Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production — States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012....................................................................................................................................................20

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012...........20

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012....................................................................................................................................................21

Peach Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012............................................................22

Commercial Apple Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012.......................................23

Pear Production by Crop – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012................................................24

Coffee Production – Hawaii: 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 .....................................................................................................24

Grape Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012 ...........................................................25

Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012..................25

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2011 and 2012...................26

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2011 and 2012........................28

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2011 and 2012...................................................................30

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2011 and 2012 .......................................................................31

Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2008-2012 ...............................32

Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2008-2012 ...................................................................................33

Percent of Normal Precipitation Map....................................................................................................................................34

Departure from Normal Temperature Map ...........................................................................................................................34

July Weather Summary .........................................................................................................................................................35

July Agricultural Summary ...................................................................................................................................................35

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................37

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................45

Reliability of August 1 Crop Production Forecasts...............................................................................................................46

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................47
Crop Production (August 2012) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Selected Crops Area Planted – States and United States: 2012

[Includes updates to planted area previously published in the Acreage report released June 2012]

State Dry edible

beans Sugarbeets

(acres) (acres)

Alabama ................................................................

Arizona ..................................................................

Arkansas ...............................................................

California ...............................................................

Colorado ................................................................

Connecticut ...........................................................

Delaware ...............................................................

Florida ...................................................................

Georgia .................................................................

Idaho .....................................................................

Illinois ....................................................................

Indiana ..................................................................

Iowa .......................................................................

Kansas ..................................................................

Kentucky ................................................................

Louisiana ...............................................................

Maine ....................................................................

Maryland ................................................................

Massachusetts .......................................................

Michigan ................................................................

Minnesota ..............................................................

Mississippi .............................................................

Missouri .................................................................

Montana ................................................................

Nebraska ...............................................................

Nevada ..................................................................

New Hampshire .....................................................

New Jersey ............................................................

New Mexico ...........................................................

New York ...............................................................

North Carolina .......................................................

North Dakota .........................................................

Ohio .......................................................................

Oklahoma ..............................................................

Oregon ..................................................................

Pennsylvania .........................................................

Rhode Island .........................................................

South Carolina .......................................................

South Dakota .........................................................

Tennessee .............................................................

Texas ....................................................................

Utah .......................................................................

Vermont .................................................................

Virginia ..................................................................

Washington ...........................................................

West Virginia .........................................................

Wisconsin ..............................................................

Wyoming ...............................................................

United States .........................................................

11.0

58.5

50.0

140.0

5.0

198.0

160.0

23.5

150.0

9.5

10.0

690.0

9.5

12.0

22.0

115.0

5.7

45.0

1,714.7

25.0

31.2

183.0

154.0

490.0

46.5

51.0

220.0

11.0

31.8

1,243.5
6 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Alabama ..................................

Arkansas ..................................

California .................................

Colorado ..................................

Delaware .................................

Georgia ....................................

Illinois .......................................

Indiana .....................................

Iowa .........................................

Kansas .....................................

Kentucky ..................................

Louisiana .................................

Maryland ..................................

Michigan ..................................

Minnesota ................................

Mississippi ...............................

Missouri ...................................

Nebraska .................................

New Jersey ..............................

New York .................................

North Carolina ..........................

North Dakota ............................

Ohio .........................................

Oklahoma ................................

Pennsylvania ...........................

South Carolina .........................

South Dakota ...........................

Tennessee ...............................

Texas .......................................

Virginia .....................................

Washington ..............................

Wisconsin ................................

Other States 1..........................

United States ...........................

250

520

150

1,300

182

270

12,400

5,750

13,700

4,200

1,300

570

430

2,190

7,700

740

3,070

9,600

81

620

815

2,060

3,220

190

960

330

4,950

735

1,470

340

125

3,320

443

83,981

260

640

180

970

187

285

12,600

6,050

13,600

4,200

1,490

560

425

2,290

8,250

800

3,350

9,100

82

640

780

3,200

3,620

330

1,000

300

5,300

870

1,580

350

125

3,450

497

87,361

114.0

142.0

185.0

133.0

130.0

158.0

157.0

146.0

172.0

107.0

139.0

135.0

109.0

153.0

156.0

128.0

114.0

160.0

123.0

133.0

84.0

105.0

158.0

90.0

111.0

65.0

132.0

131.0

93.0

118.0

225.0

156.0

162.3

147.2

85.0

160.0

190.0

135.0

105.0

175.0

116.0

100.0

141.0

93.0

65.0

165.0

110.0

114.0

155.0

147.0

75.0

147.0

127.0

119.0

114.0

100.0

126.0

100.0

118.0

118.0

98.0

82.0

150.0

91.0

225.0

132.0

163.3

123.4

28,500

73,840

27,750

172,900

23,660

42,660

1,946,800

839,500

2,356,400

449,400

180,700

76,950

46,870

335,070

1,201,200

94,720

349,980

1,536,000

9,963

82,460

68,460

216,300

508,760

17,100

106,560

21,450

653,400

96,285

136,710

40,120

28,125

517,920

71,899

12,358,412

22,100

102,400

34,200

130,950

19,635

49,875

1,461,600

605,000

1,917,600

390,600

96,850

92,400

46,750

261,060

1,278,750

117,600

251,250

1,337,700

10,414

76,160

88,920

320,000

456,120

33,000

118,000

35,400

519,400

71,340

237,000

31,850

28,125

455,400

81,140

10,778,589

1 Other States include Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will 

be published in the Crop Production 2012 Summary.
Crop Production (August 2012) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas .................................

Colorado ..................................

Illinois ......................................

Kansas ....................................

Louisiana .................................

Mississippi ...............................

Missouri ...................................

Nebraska .................................

New Mexico .............................

Oklahoma ................................

South Dakota ...........................

Texas ......................................

Other States 1..........................

United States ...........................

90

140

20

2,000

124

50

33

70

21

80

110

1,150

41

3,929

110

160

25

2,200

105

63

60

80

30

180

130

1,900

55

5,098

72.0

35.0

91.0

55.0

87.0

74.0

72.0

94.0

64.0

21.0

60.0

49.0

44.5

54.6

80.0

27.0

60.0

40.0

100.0

79.0

55.0

60.0

65.0

28.0

38.0

56.0

56.4

48.6

6,480

4,900

1,820

110,000

10,788

3,700

2,376

6,580

1,344

1,680

6,600

56,350

1,825

214,443

8,800

4,320

1,500

88,000

10,500

4,977

3,300

4,800

1,950

5,040

4,940

106,400

3,100

247,627

1 Other States include Arizona and Georgia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2012 Summary.

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Billion bushels

Corn Production – United States
8 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

July 1 August 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

California ..................................

Idaho .........................................

Illinois ........................................

Iowa ..........................................

Kansas ......................................

Michigan ...................................

Minnesota .................................

Montana ....................................

Nebraska ..................................

New York ..................................

North Dakota .............................

Ohio ..........................................

Oregon ......................................

Pennsylvania ............................

South Dakota ............................

Texas ........................................

Wisconsin .................................

Other States 1...........................

United States ............................

15

15

20

50

25

30

110

20

20

34

85

38

12

60

70

60

115

160

939

30

15

20

60

30

35

130

20

25

40

110

46

16

70

70

80

120

174

1,091

100.0

70.0

68.0

65.0

38.0

64.0

54.0

50.0

65.0

50.0

52.0

54.0

100.0

46.0

59.0

35.0

62.0

61.8

57.1

95.0

65.0

63.0

58.0

41.0

64.0

64.0

55.0

48.0

60.0

58.0

57.0

103.0

53.0

65.0

50.0

59.0

58.8

59.8

95.0

65.0

76.0

64.0

36.0

64.0

64.0

55.0

56.0

55.0

58.0

64.0

103.0

57.0

65.0

54.0

56.0

60.0

61.0

1,500

1,050

1,360

3,250

950

1,920

5,940

1,000

1,300

1,700

4,420

2,052

1,200

2,760

4,130

2,100

7,130

9,887

53,649

2,850

975

1,520

3,840

1,080

2,240

8,320

1,100

1,400

2,200

6,380

2,944

1,648

3,990

4,550

4,320

6,720

10,442

66,519

1 Other States include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Maine, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, 

Washington, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

July 1 August 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ............................

California .........................

Colorado ..........................

Idaho ................................

Maryland ..........................

Minnesota ........................

Montana ...........................

North Dakota ....................

Oregon .............................

Pennsylvania ...................

Utah .................................

Virginia .............................

Washington ......................

Wyoming ..........................

Other States 1..................

United States ...................

64

75

63

500

36

60

620

350

32

55

22

70

115

63

114

2,239

43

65

55

590

46

100

800

1,060

40

58

28

45

150

60

128

3,268

125.0

63.0

126.0

93.0

80.0

51.0

50.0

47.0

75.0

65.0

83.0

88.0

74.0

97.0

58.3

69.6

120.0

55.0

125.0

87.0

75.0

59.0

49.0

61.0

63.0

72.0

80.0

83.0

75.0

92.0

55.5

66.3

120.0

57.0

125.0

89.0

77.0

59.0

50.0

63.0

65.0

73.0

80.0

85.0

72.0

93.0

56.8

67.6

8,000

4,725

7,938

46,500

2,880

3,060

31,000

16,450

2,400

3,575

1,826

6,160

8,510

6,111

6,645

155,780

5,160

3,705

6,875

52,510

3,542

5,900

40,000

66,780

2,600

4,234

2,240

3,825

10,800

5,580

7,268

221,019

1 Other States include Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Individual State level estimates 

will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.
Crop Production (August 2012) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

July 1 August 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ...............................

California ...............................

Colorado ................................

Georgia .................................

Idaho .....................................

Illinois ....................................

Indiana ..................................

Kansas ..................................

Kentucky ................................

Maryland ................................

Michigan ................................

Mississippi .............................

Missouri .................................

Montana ................................

Nebraska ...............................

New York ...............................

North Carolina .......................

North Dakota .........................

Ohio .......................................

Oklahoma ..............................

Oregon ..................................

Pennsylvania .........................

South Carolina .......................

South Dakota .........................

Tennessee .............................

Texas ....................................

Virginia ..................................

Washington ...........................

Wisconsin ..............................

Other States 1........................

United States .........................

520

420

2,000

200

770

765

400

7,900

440

190

680

335

680

2,190

1,450

93

610

375

850

3,200

825

170

180

1,590

310

1,900

250

1,730

335

956

32,314

460

330

2,250

200

740

640

330

9,000

470

210

540

430

690

2,140

1,320

80

770

700

525

4,200

780

150

235

1,300

350

2,950

270

1,670

250

1,043

35,023

58.0

85.0

39.0

55.0

82.0

61.0

62.0

35.0

70.0

66.0

75.0

64.0

50.0

41.0

45.0

56.0

68.0

37.0

58.0

22.0

77.0

51.0

60.0

42.0

69.0

26.0

71.0

75.0

65.0

55.2

46.2

55.0

85.0

37.0

44.0

82.0

64.0

65.0

44.0

62.0

63.0

72.0

56.0

56.0

38.0

42.0

61.0

58.0

49.0

67.0

37.0

72.0

61.0

48.0

43.0

66.0

31.0

65.0

69.0

69.0

51.4

47.7

55.0

85.0

37.0

44.0

82.0

65.0

67.0

43.0

63.0

65.0

74.0

56.0

58.0

38.0

42.0

64.0

59.0

55.0

67.0

37.0

73.0

62.0

48.0

48.0

66.0

31.0

65.0

71.0

72.0

51.4

48.0

30,160

35,700

78,000

11,000

63,140

46,665

24,800

276,500

30,800

12,540

51,000

21,440

34,000

89,790

65,250

5,208

41,480

13,875

49,300

70,400

63,525

8,670

10,800

66,780

21,390

49,400

17,750

129,750

21,775

52,789

1,493,677

25,300

28,050

83,250

8,800

60,680

41,600

22,110

387,000

29,610

13,650

39,960

24,080

40,020

81,320

55,440

5,120

45,430

38,500

35,175

155,400

56,940

9,300

11,280

62,400

23,100

91,450

17,550

118,570

18,000

53,641

1,682,726

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.
10 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

July 1 August 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ...................................

California ................................

Montana ..................................

North Dakota ...........................

Other States 1.........................

United States ..........................

79

115

385

715

18

1,312

99

130

520

1,350

23

2,122

101.0

109.0

28.0

25.5

53.1

38.5

110.0

110.0

26.0

31.0

60.9

38.6

110.0

110.0

26.0

34.0

60.9

40.5

7,979

12,535

10,780

18,233

955

50,482

10,890

14,300

13,520

45,900

1,400

86,010

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

July 1 August 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Idaho ..................................

Minnesota ..........................

Montana .............................

North Dakota ......................

Oregon ...............................

South Dakota .....................

Washington ........................

Other States 1....................

United States .....................

620

1,500

2,400

5,500

157

1,220

615

67

12,079

460

1,350

2,850

5,350

87

1,070

475

39

11,681

84.0

46.0

31.0

30.5

70.0

31.0

62.0

74.9

37.7

70.0

50.0

30.0

40.0

71.0

35.0

55.0

72.2

40.4

72.0

53.0

30.0

43.0

69.0

41.0

56.0

72.2

42.8

52,080

69,000

74,400

167,750

10,990

37,820

38,130

5,018

455,188

33,120

71,550

85,500

230,050

6,003

43,870

26,600

2,817

499,510

1 Other States include Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available]

Crop 2011 2012

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ....................................

Soft red .....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Spring

Hard red ....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Durum .......................................

Total .........................................

780,089

457,535

12,368

243,685

397,689

11,878

45,621

50,482

1,999,347

1,012,141

435,059

13,867

221,659

462,582

7,221

29,707

86,010

2,268,246
Crop Production (August 2012) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production 1

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arkansas .......................

California .......................

Louisiana .......................

Mississippi .....................

Missouri .........................

Texas ............................

United States .................

1,154

580

418

158

128

180

2,618

1,245

555

395

133

199

113

2,640

6,770

8,350

6,320

6,850

6,490

7,190

7,067

6,980

8,400

6,400

6,700

6,700

7,900

7,196

78,100

48,402

26,430

10,823

8,308

12,946

185,009

86,901

46,620

25,280

8,911

13,333

8,927

189,972

1

Includes sweet rice production.

Rice Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

Year Long grain Medium grain Short grain 1 All

(1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

2011 ........................

2012 2......................

116,420

132,073

65,562

54,770

3,027

3,129

185,009

189,972

1 Sweet rice production included with short grain.

2

The 2012 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all 

rice yield.
12 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 

2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Arizona ........................

California .....................

Colorado ......................

Idaho ............................

Illinois ...........................

Indiana .........................

Iowa .............................

Kansas .........................

Kentucky ......................

Michigan ......................

Minnesota ....................

Missouri .......................

Montana .......................

Nebraska .....................

Nevada ........................

New Mexico .................

New York .....................

North Dakota ................

Ohio .............................

Oklahoma ....................

Oregon .........................

Pennsylvania ...............

South Dakota ...............

Texas ...........................

Utah .............................

Virginia .........................

Washington ..................

Wisconsin ....................

Wyoming ......................

Other States 1..............

United States ...............

250

880

800

1,000

280

300

820

650

210

700

1,100

250

2,000

780

250

210

350

1,550

380

200

400

410

2,350

100

580

90

380

1,150

620

173

19,213

250

980

790

1,000

350

280

800

750

200

660

1,000

250

1,800

790

240

210

380

1,570

350

200

400

440

2,300

120

520

80

400

1,000

525

177

18,812

8.30

6.90

3.60

4.30

3.40

4.00

3.40

3.00

3.40

3.20

3.70

2.60

2.20

4.05

4.40

5.20

2.40

2.35

3.40

1.30

4.50

2.70

2.70

4.80

4.10

3.20

5.20

2.80

2.50

2.95

3.40

8.80

6.80

3.20

4.10

2.70

2.60

3.10

3.00

2.60

2.80

2.90

2.00

1.80

2.90

4.30

5.10

1.90

1.50

2.70

2.00

4.20

2.70

1.50

4.50

3.90

3.20

5.00

2.30

2.40

2.68

2.92

2,075

6,072

2,880

4,300

952

1,200

2,788

1,950

714

2,240

4,070

650

4,400

3,159

1,100

1,092

840

3,643

1,292

260

1,800

1,107

6,345

480

2,378

288

1,976

3,220

1,550

511

65,332

2,200

6,664

2,528

4,100

945

728

2,480

2,250

520

1,848

2,900

500

3,240

2,291

1,032

1,071

722

2,355

945

400

1,680

1,188

3,450

540

2,028

256

2,000

2,300

1,260

474

54,895

1 Other States include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode 

Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2012 Summary.
Crop Production (August 2012) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama 2........................

Arkansas .........................

California .........................

Colorado ..........................

Georgia 2.........................

Idaho ...............................

Illinois ..............................

Indiana ............................

Iowa .................................

Kansas ............................

Kentucky ..........................

Louisiana 2.......................

Michigan ..........................

Minnesota ........................

Mississippi 2.....................

Missouri ...........................

Montana ..........................

Nebraska .........................

New York .........................

North Carolina .................

North Dakota ...................

Ohio .................................

Oklahoma ........................

Oregon ............................

Pennsylvania ...................

South Dakota ...................

Tennessee .......................

Texas ..............................

Virginia ............................

Washington .....................

West Virginia ...................

Wisconsin ........................

Wyoming .........................

Other States 1..................

United States ...................

800

1,390

510

820

590

350

260

370

320

1,750

2,100

430

300

730

720

3,500

700

1,700

990

770

930

740

2,300

630

1,040

1,200

1,860

3,600

1,280

400

620

450

500

1,770

36,420

820

1,440

560

710

590

380

240

330

310

1,800

2,200

450

310

800

750

3,400

800

1,600

1,200

710

1,030

750

2,700

700

1,030

1,350

1,790

5,000

1,280

390

620

500

400

1,822

38,762

2.40

1.60

3.60

1.50

2.20

2.20

2.40

1.90

2.10

1.40

2.20

2.10

1.70

2.00

2.40

1.60

1.70

1.45

1.90

2.20

1.70

2.00

0.90

2.40

2.30

1.90

2.10

1.10

2.20

3.50

2.00

1.90

1.60

2.11

1.81

2.40

0.90

3.30

1.40

2.50

2.10

1.60

1.70

1.50

1.20

1.60

2.90

1.30

1.70

2.40

1.40

1.50

1.10

1.80

2.30

1.40

1.80

1.20

2.00

2.30

1.10

1.90

1.70

2.10

2.90

2.00

1.80

1.40

2.14

1.69

1,920

2,224

1,836

1,230

1,298

770

624

703

672

2,450

4,620

903

510

1,460

1,728

5,600

1,190

2,465

1,881

1,694

1,581

1,480

2,070

1,512

2,392

2,280

3,906

3,960

2,816

1,400

1,240

855

800

3,742

65,812

1,968

1,296

1,848

994

1,475

798

384

561

465

2,160

3,520

1,305

403

1,360

1,800

4,760

1,200

1,760

2,160

1,633

1,442

1,350

3,240

1,400

2,369

1,485

3,401

8,500

2,688

1,131

1,240

900

560

3,892

65,448

1 Other States include Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, 

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2012 Summary.

2 Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures included in all other hay.
14 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Alabama ..................................

Arkansas ..................................

Delaware .................................

Georgia ....................................

Illinois .......................................

Indiana .....................................

Iowa .........................................

Kansas .....................................

Kentucky ..................................

Louisiana .................................

Maryland ..................................

Michigan ..................................

Minnesota ................................

Mississippi ...............................

Missouri ...................................

Nebraska .................................

New Jersey ..............................

New York .................................

North Carolina ..........................

North Dakota ............................

Ohio .........................................

Oklahoma ................................

Pennsylvania ...........................

South Carolina .........................

South Dakota ...........................

Tennessee ...............................

Texas .......................................

Virginia .....................................

Wisconsin ................................

Other States 1..........................

United States ...........................

295

3,270

168

135

8,860

5,290

9,230

3,750

1,480

980

465

1,940

7,020

1,800

5,200

4,830

86

277

1,360

3,950

4,540

265

490

360

4,070

1,250

90

550

1,600

35

73,636

325

3,200

178

180

8,350

4,990

9,440

3,350

1,380

1,110

475

1,990

6,920

2,100

5,150

5,000

93

337

1,630

4,550

4,580

290

520

410

4,450

1,290

85

540

1,680

42

74,635

33.0

38.0

39.0

22.0

47.0

45.0

50.5

27.0

39.0

35.0

38.5

44.0

38.5

39.0

36.5

53.5

37.0

43.0

30.0

28.5

47.5

13.0

44.0

25.0

37.0

32.0

19.0

39.0

46.0

35.7

41.5

33.0

39.0

30.0

28.0

37.0

37.0

43.0

22.0

29.0

42.0

37.0

36.0

38.0

39.0

30.0

43.0

36.0

42.0

32.0

28.0

42.0

20.0

42.0

26.0

31.0

26.0

35.0

34.0

36.0

39.7

36.1

9,735

124,260

6,552

2,970

416,420

238,050

466,115

101,250

57,720

34,300

17,903

85,360

270,270

70,200

189,800

258,405

3,182

11,911

40,800

112,575

215,650

3,445

21,560

9,000

150,590

40,000

1,710

21,450

73,600

1,249

3,056,032

10,725

124,800

5,340

5,040

308,950

184,630

405,920

73,700

40,020

46,620

17,575

71,640

262,960

81,900

154,500

215,000

3,348

14,154

52,160

127,400

192,360

5,800

21,840

10,660

137,950

33,540

2,975

18,360

60,480

1,667

2,692,014

1 Other States include Florida and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2012 Summary.
Crop Production (August 2012) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Peanut Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Alabama .....................

Florida ........................

Georgia ......................

Mississippi ..................

New Mexico ................

North Carolina ............

Oklahoma ...................

South Carolina ............

Texas .........................

Virginia .......................

United States ..............

166.0

157.0

465.0

14.0

6.6

81.0

22.0

73.0

97.0

16.0

1,097.6

186.0

180.0

700.0

47.0

8.0

104.0

26.0

90.0

125.0

20.0

1,486.0

3,000

3,500

3,520

4,000

2,700

3,600

2,700

3,200

2,400

3,800

3,313

3,100

3,800

3,650

3,900

2,900

3,700

3,500

3,100

3,600

3,300

3,562

498,000

549,500

1,636,800

56,000

17,820

291,600

59,400

233,600

232,800

60,800

3,636,320

576,600

684,000

2,555,000

183,300

23,200

384,800

91,000

279,000

450,000

66,000

5,292,900

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Billion bushels

Soybean Production – United States
16 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted August 1, 2012

Type and State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production 1

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 bales) 2(1,000 bales) 2

Upland

Alabama ...........................

Arizona .............................

Arkansas ...........................

California ..........................

Florida ...............................

Georgia .............................

Kansas ..............................

Louisiana ..........................

Mississippi ........................

Missouri ............................

New Mexico ......................

North Carolina ...................

Oklahoma .........................

South Carolina ..................

Tennessee ........................

Texas ................................

Virginia ..............................

United States ....................

American Pima

Arizona .............................

California ..........................

New Mexico ......................

Texas ................................

United States ....................

All 

Alabama ...........................

Arizona .............................

Arkansas ...........................

California ..........................

Florida ...............................

Georgia .............................

Kansas ..............................

Louisiana ..........................

Mississippi ........................

Missouri ............................

New Mexico ......................

North Carolina ...................

Oklahoma .........................

South Carolina ..................

Tennessee ........................

Texas ................................

Virginia ..............................

United States ....................

443.0

248.0

660.0

181.0

118.0

1,495.0

65.0

290.0

605.0

367.0

58.0

800.0

70.0

301.0

490.0

2,850.0

115.0

9,156.0

10.0

273.0

3.4

18.5

304.9

443.0

258.0

660.0

454.0

118.0

1,495.0

65.0

290.0

605.0

367.0

61.4

800.0

70.0

301.0

490.0

2,868.5

115.0

9,460.9

387.0

198.0

570.0

149.0

112.0

1,245.0

52.0

220.0

570.0

355.0

47.0

545.0

190.0

278.0

375.0

5,200.0

84.0

10,577.0

4.0

214.0

2.9

12.5

233.4

387.0

202.0

570.0

363.0

112.0

1,245.0

52.0

220.0

570.0

355.0

49.9

545.0

190.0

278.0

375.0

5,212.5

84.0

10,810.4

742

1,548

929

1,474

744

791

510

846

952

969

1,059

616

597

828

796

589

676

772

960

1,380

875

1,038

1,340

742

1,526

929

1,418

744

791

510

846

952

969

1,049

616

597

828

796

592

676

790

719

1,576

1,011

1,675

857

925

535

873

926

913

1,072

837

556

829

755

618

914

771

960

1,402

828

960

1,363

719

1,564

1,011

1,514

857

925

535

873

926

913

1,058

837

556

829

755

619

914

784

685.0

800.0

1,277.0

556.0

183.0

2,465.0

69.0

511.0

1,200.0

741.0

128.0

1,026.0

87.0

519.0

813.0

3,500.0

162.0

14,722.0

20.0

785.0

6.2

40.0

851.2

685.0

820.0

1,277.0

1,341.0

183.0

2,465.0

69.0

511.0

1,200.0

741.0

134.2

1,026.0

87.0

519.0

813.0

3,540.0

162.0

15,573.2

580.0

650.0

1,200.0

520.0

200.0

2,400.0

58.0

400.0

1,100.0

675.0

105.0

950.0

220.0

480.0

590.0

6,700.0

160.0

16,988.0

8.0

625.0

5.0

25.0

663.0

580.0

658.0

1,200.0

1,145.0

200.0

2,400.0

58.0

400.0

1,100.0

675.0

110.0

950.0

220.0

480.0

590.0

6,725.0

160.0

17,651.0

1 Production ginned and to be ginned.

2

480-pound net weight bales.

Cottonseed Production – United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Production

2011 2012 1

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

United States ........................... 5,370.0 6,012.0

1 Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio.
Crop Production (August 2012) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 

and Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre 1 Production 1

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arizona ......................

California ...................

Colorado ....................

Idaho .........................

Kansas ......................

Michigan ....................

Minnesota ..................

Montana ....................

Nebraska ...................

New Mexico ...............

New York ...................

North Dakota .............

Oregon ......................

South Dakota .............

Texas ........................

Washington ...............

Wisconsin ..................

Wyoming ...................

United States .............

8.5

45.5

38.0

95.0

6.5

170.0

140.0

15.0

110.0

12.5

12.0

410.0

6.4

10.2

9.0

77.0

5.3

35.0

1,205.9

11.0

58.5

50.0

140.0

5.0

198.0

160.0

23.5

150.0

9.5

10.0

690.0

9.5

12.0

22.0

115.0

5.7

45.0

1,714.7

8.2

45.0

37.0

94.0

6.0

168.0

135.0

14.8

105.0

12.4

11.8

380.0

6.4

9.0

8.0

77.0

5.3

33.0

1,155.9

11.0

57.5

45.0

139.0

4.5

194.0

155.0

23.2

140.0

9.5

9.6

680.0

9.5

11.0

21.0

115.0

5.7

43.0

1,673.5

1,890

2,280

1,580

2,000

1,700

2,000

1,690

1,820

2,000

2,230

1,400

1,300

2,410

1,770

1,000

1,900

2,080

2,200

1,716

1,900

2,200

1,620

1,900

1,600

1,800

1,800

1,490

1,700

2,200

1,750

1,350

2,500

1,600

1,030

1,600

2,080

2,200

1,614

155

1,026

585

1,880

102

3,360

2,281

270

2,100

277

165

4,940

154

159

80

1,463

110

726

19,833

209

1,265

729

2,641

72

3,492

2,790

346

2,380

209

168

9,180

238

176

216

1,840

119

946

27,016

1 Clean basis.

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

24.0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Million bales

Cotton Production – United States
18 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted by Commercial Class – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

Class and State 2011 2012 Class and State 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Large lima

California ............................................

Baby lima

California ............................................

Navy

Idaho ...................................................

Michigan .............................................

Minnesota ...........................................

Nebraska ............................................

North Dakota .......................................

Oregon ................................................

South Dakota ......................................

Washington .........................................

Wyoming .............................................

United States ......................................

Great northern

Idaho ...................................................

Nebraska ............................................

North Dakota .......................................

Wyoming .............................................

United States ......................................

Small white

Idaho ...................................................

Oregon ................................................

Washington .........................................

United States ......................................

Pinto

Arizona ...............................................

Colorado .............................................

Idaho ...................................................

Kansas ................................................

Michigan .............................................

Minnesota ...........................................

Montana ..............................................

Nebraska ............................................

New Mexico ........................................

North Dakota .......................................

Oregon ................................................

South Dakota ......................................

Washington .........................................

Wyoming .............................................

United States ......................................

10.7

10.0

3.7

50.0

50.5

1.0

94.0

( 1)

3.6

0.5

1.1

204.4

2.6

54.2

1.8

3.2

61.8

( 1)

1.1

( 1)

1.1

2.2

29.0

17.5

5.8

3.1

13.0

5.0

41.0

12.5

225.0

( 1)

( 1)

7.0

25.6

386.7

9.6

12.6

4.6

70.0

53.0

2.2

125.0

1.9

4.0

1.0

1.1

262.8

1.5

51.0

3.5

2.1

58.1

( 1)

( 1)

1.2

1.2

4.9

43.0

32.5

4.4

1.9

21.7

7.0

84.6

9.5

445.0

2.2

1.4

17.0

39.2

714.3

Light red kidney

California ..........................................

Colorado ...........................................

Idaho .................................................

Michigan ...........................................

Minnesota .........................................

Nebraska ..........................................

New York ..........................................

Oregon ..............................................

Washington .......................................

United States ....................................

Dark red kidney

California ..........................................

Idaho .................................................

Michigan ...........................................

Minnesota .........................................

New York ..........................................

North Dakota .....................................

Oregon ..............................................

Washington .......................................

Wisconsin 2.......................................

United States ....................................

Pink

California ..........................................

Idaho .................................................

Minnesota .........................................

North Dakota .....................................

Oregon ..............................................

Washington .......................................

United States ....................................

Small red

Idaho .................................................

Michigan ...........................................

Minnesota .........................................

North Dakota .....................................

Washington .......................................

United States ....................................

Cranberry

California ..........................................

Idaho .................................................

Michigan ...........................................

United States ....................................

1.4

4.0

0.5

7.0

11.1

8.3

3.1

0.6

0.6

36.6

0.8

0.9

2.8

34.9

2.0

1.5

( 1)

0.7

5.3

48.9

( 1)

6.8

4.3

10.0

( 1)

( 1)

21.1

7.8

18.0

2.2

2.5

5.0

35.5

0.3

( 1)

3.5

3.8

2.0

4.0

1.5

5.3

13.4

8.5

2.4

0.5

0.8

38.4

0.7

1.7

2.8

31.7

1.4

1.5

( 1)

0.8

5.7

46.3

0.5

8.1

6.8

13.0

( 1)

1.7

30.1

10.1

18.6

2.9

2.5

5.3

39.4

0.8

0.5

3.4

4.7

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (August 2012) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted by Commercial Class – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012 (continued)

Class and State 2011 2012 Class and State 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Black

California ............................................

Idaho ..................................................

Michigan .............................................

Minnesota ...........................................

Nebraska ............................................

New York ............................................

North Dakota ......................................

Oregon ...............................................

Washington ........................................

United States ......................................

Blackeye

Arizona ...............................................

California ............................................

Texas .................................................

United States ......................................

Small chickpeas (Garbanzo, 

smaller than 20/64 inches)

Idaho ..................................................

Montana .............................................

North Dakota ......................................

Oregon ...............................................

South Dakota ......................................

Washington ........................................

Other States 3.....................................

United States ......................................

Large chickpeas (Garbanzo, 

larger than 20/64 inches)

California ............................................

Idaho ..................................................

Montana .............................................

Nebraska ............................................

North Dakota ......................................

Oregon ...............................................

South Dakota ......................................

Washington ........................................

Other States 3.....................................

United States ......................................

( 1)

2.2

80.0

20.7

2.4

5.3

69.0

1.3

3.0

183.9

1.7

10.6

8.0

20.3

17.5

(D)

3.0

-

(D)

8.0

8.4

36.9

7.6

33.5

(D)

-

1.7

0.7

(D)

48.0

4.5

96.0

0.3

2.6

90.0

25.7

1.6

5.6

86.0

1.2

4.2

217.2

1.1

15.0

20.0

36.1

31.9

(D)

4.6

(D)

1.6

14.5

9.6

62.2

10.6

42.7

(D)

0.3

6.6

(D)

2.0

64.5

8.0

134.7

All chickpeas (Garbanzo) 

California ...........................................

Idaho .................................................

Montana ............................................

Nebraska ...........................................

North Dakota .....................................

Oregon ..............................................

South Dakota .....................................

Washington .......................................

United States .....................................

Other

Arizona ..............................................

California ...........................................

Colorado ............................................

Idaho .................................................

Kansas ..............................................

Michigan ............................................

Minnesota ..........................................

Montana ............................................

Nebraska ...........................................

New York ...........................................

North Dakota .....................................

Oregon ..............................................

South Dakota .....................................

Texas ................................................

Washington .......................................

Wyoming ...........................................

United States .....................................

All dry edible beans

United States .....................................

7.6

51.0

9.0

-

4.7

0.7

3.9

56.0

132.9

4.6

4.1

5.0

2.0

0.7

5.6

3.3

1.0

3.1

1.6

1.5

2.7

2.7

1.0

4.2

5.1

48.2

1,205.9

10.6

74.6

16.5

0.3

11.2

1.1

3.6

79.0

196.9

5.0

6.4

3.0

2.3

0.6

6.0

4.8

-

1.8

0.6

2.3

2.6

3.0

2.0

4.0

2.6

47.0

1,714.7

- Represents zero.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1 Data are included in the "Other" class to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

2

Includes some light red kidney to avoid disclosure of individual operations.

3

Includes data withheld above.
20 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production — States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California]

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

California 1....................

Colorado .......................

Idaho .............................

Michigan .......................

Minnesota .....................

Montana ........................

Nebraska ......................

North Dakota .................

Oregon ..........................

Wyoming .......................

United States ................

25.1

28.7

176.0

153.0

469.0

43.0

51.6

225.0

10.8

30.9

1,213.1

25.0

29.7

182.0

152.5

473.0

46.0

49.0

216.0

11.0

31.3

1,215.5

44.0

28.9

34.4

24.0

19.0

25.9

24.9

20.5

35.8

27.8

23.8

43.0

33.9

34.7

28.0

27.0

29.1

30.0

26.5

37.9

30.3

29.1

1,104

829

6,054

3,672

8,911

1,112

1,287

4,613

387

859

28,828

1,075

1,007

6,315

4,270

12,771

1,339

1,470

5,724

417

948

35,336

1 Relates to year of intended harvest for fall planted beets in central California and to year of planting for overwintered beets in central and southern 

California.

Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production — States and United States: 

2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre 1 Production 1

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Florida .........................

Hawaii .........................

Louisiana ....................

Texas ..........................

United States ..............

397.0

16.6

410.0

49.0

872.6

410.0

17.0

420.0

44.0

891.0

38.0

80.2

27.6

33.6

33.7

37.7

80.0

31.0

34.6

35.2

15,085

1,332

11,320

1,646

29,383

15,457

1,360

13,020

1,522

31,359

1 Net tons.

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Connecticut .......................................

Georgia .............................................

Kentucky ...........................................

Massachusetts ..................................

North Carolina ...................................

Ohio ..................................................

Pennsylvania ....................................

South Carolina ..................................

Tennessee ........................................

Virginia ..............................................

Other States 1...................................

United States ....................................

2,070

11,900

77,500

570

162,300

1,600

9,700

15,500

22,000

21,900

(X)

325,040

(D)

10,500

83,500

(D)

155,600

1,800

9,600

13,500

22,100

24,050

2,700

323,350

1,494

2,250

2,221

1,570

1,550

2,100

2,129

1,700

2,062

2,197

(X)

1,841

(D)

2,300

2,093

(D)

2,244

2,000

2,349

2,000

2,179

2,228

1,485

2,187

3,092

26,775

172,140

895

251,565

3,360

20,655

26,350

45,363

48,125

(X)

598,320

(D)

24,150

174,750

(D)

349,220

3,600

22,550

27,000

48,160

53,590

4,010

707,030

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

(X) Not applicable.

1

Includes data withheld above.
Crop Production (August 2012) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2011 

and Forecasted August 1, 2012

Class, type, and State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ............................................................................

North Carolina ..................................................................

South Carolina ..................................................................

Virginia .............................................................................

United States ....................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ...........................................................................

Tennessee ........................................................................

Virginia .............................................................................

United States ....................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky .......................................................................

 North Carolina ..............................................................

 Ohio ..............................................................................

 Pennsylvania ................................................................

 Tennessee ....................................................................

 Virginia .........................................................................

 United States ................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt

 Pennsylvania ................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) ............................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky ...........................................................................

Tennessee ........................................................................

United States ....................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf

 Pennsylvania ................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51 Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ...................................................................

 Massachusetts ..............................................................

 United States ................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ...................................................................

 Massachusetts ..............................................................

 United States ................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) .................................................

All tobacco

United States ....................................................................

11,900

160,000

15,500

19,500

206,900

9,100

6,900

400

16,400

64,000

2,300

1,600

5,000

14,000

2,000

88,900

3,000

91,900

4,400

1,100

5,500

1,700

1,350

440

1,790

720

130

850

4,340

325,040

10,500

154,000

13,500

21,000

199,000

9,000

6,000

350

15,350

71,000

1,600

1,800

4,700

15,000

2,700

96,800

2,900

99,700

3,500

1,100

4,600

2,000

1,700

400

2,100

(D)

(D)

600

4,700

323,350

2,250

1,550

1,700

2,230

1,666

3,400

2,890

2,100

3,154

2,000

1,550

2,100

2,200

1,610

1,900

1,938

2,000

1,940

3,000

2,620

2,924

2,150

1,650

1,680

1,658

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,761

1,841

2,300

2,250

2,000

2,300

2,241

3,300

2,800

2,000

3,075

1,900

1,700

2,000

2,400

1,900

1,700

1,917

2,300

1,928

2,900

2,600

2,828

2,300

1,500

1,700

1,538

(D)

(D)

1,300

1,832

2,187

26,775

248,000

26,350

43,485

344,610

30,940

19,941

840

51,721

128,000

3,565

3,360

11,000

22,540

3,800

172,265

6,000

178,265

13,200

2,882

16,082

3,655

2,228

739

2,967

864

156

1,020

7,642

598,320

24,150

346,500

27,000

48,300

445,950

29,700

16,800

700

47,200

134,900

2,720

3,600

11,280

28,500

4,590

185,590

6,670

192,260

10,150

2,860

13,010

4,600

2,550

680

3,230

(D)

(D)

780

8,610

707,030

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
22 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Peach Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

[Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year]

State

Total production

2011 2012

(tons) (tons)

Alabama .........................................

Arkansas .........................................

California ........................................

 Clingstone 1.................................

 Freestone ....................................

Colorado .........................................

Connecticut .....................................

Georgia ...........................................

Idaho ...............................................

Illinois ..............................................

Maryland .........................................

Massachusetts ................................

Michigan .........................................

Missouri ..........................................

New Jersey .....................................

New York ........................................

North Carolina .................................

Ohio ................................................

Pennsylvania ..................................

South Carolina ................................

Texas ..............................................

Utah ................................................

Virginia ............................................

Washington .....................................

West Virginia ...................................

United States ..................................

5,700

1,800

773,000

393,000

380,000

12,000

1,200

36,000

7,600

9,280

3,890

1,750

16,650

5,100

32,000

6,800

5,300

6,030

17,690

95,000

5,300

4,300

6,500

13,200

5,700

1,071,790

3,500

3,500

770,000

380,000

390,000

15,000

900

29,000

7,200

6,900

3,900

1,700

2,200

4,100

32,500

2,700

5,300

2,900

16,500

80,000

10,400

4,800

4,000

12,000

4,300

1,023,300

1 California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.
Crop Production (August 2012) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commercial Apple Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Total production 1

2011 2012

(million pounds) (million pounds)

Arizona ...................................

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Connecticut ............................

Idaho ......................................

Illinois .....................................

Indiana ...................................

Iowa ........................................

Maine .....................................

Maryland .................................

Massachusetts ........................

Michigan .................................

Minnesota ...............................

Missouri ..................................

New Hampshire ......................

New Jersey .............................

New York ................................

North Carolina ........................

Ohio ........................................

Oregon ...................................

Pennsylvania ..........................

Rhode Island ..........................

Tennessee ..............................

Utah ........................................

Vermont ..................................

Virginia ...................................

Washington ............................

West Virginia ..........................

Wisconsin ...............................

United States ..........................

11.0

280.0

9.0

22.0

60.0

40.0

20.0

4.0

29.0

40.0

38.5

985.0

23.5

15.0

18.0

36.0

1,220.0

140.0

66.6

92.5

458.0

2.5

8.5

19.0

33.5

220.0

5,410.0

67.0

51.4

9,420.0

13.5

280.0

17.0

18.0

70.0

26.0

5.5

0.7

24.0

40.5

31.0

105.0

13.5

34.0

16.5

35.0

590.0

40.0

39.6

115.0

481.0

2.4

7.5

16.0

24.0

230.0

5,700.0

70.0

20.0

8,065.7

1

In orchards of 100 or more bearing age trees.
24 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Pear Production by Crop – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

[Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop and State

Total production

2011 2012

(tons) (tons)

Bartlett

California ........................................

Oregon ............................................

Washington .....................................

United States ..................................

Other

California ........................................

Oregon ............................................

Washington .....................................

United States ..................................

All 

California ........................................

Michigan 1.......................................

New York ........................................

Oregon ............................................

Pennsylvania ..................................

Washington .....................................

United States ..................................

195,000

47,000

188,000

430,000

57,000

180,000

269,000

506,000

252,000

4,400

12,100

227,000

2,220

457,000

954,720

170,000

58,000

180,000

408,000

50,000

175,000

240,000

465,000

220,000

2,500

233,000

3,000

420,000

878,500

1

The first production estimate will be published in the Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts released January 2013.

Coffee Production – Hawaii: 2010-2011 and 2011-2012

State

Production 1

2010-2011 2011-2012

(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Hawaii ...................................................... 8,800 7,600

1 Parchment basis.
Crop Production (August 2012) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Grape Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted August 1, 2012

State

Total production

2011 2012

(tons) (tons)

Arkansas .........................................

California .........................................

 Wine ............................................

 Table 1.........................................

 Raisin 1........................................

Georgia ...........................................

Michigan ..........................................

Missouri ...........................................

New York .........................................

North Carolina .................................

Ohio .................................................

Oregon ............................................

Pennsylvania ...................................

Texas ..............................................

Virginia ............................................

Washington .....................................

 Wine ............................................

 Juice ............................................

United States ...................................

1,200

6,612,000

3,387,000

1,031,000

2,194,000

3,500

94,400

5,200

188,000

5,200

7,480

41,500

91,000

5,330

6,900

316,000

142,000

174,000

7,377,710

1,100

6,600,000

3,700,000

1,000,000

1,900,000

3,800

30,000

5,100

115,000

5,400

3,400

46,000

54,000

8,800

9,200

415,000

185,000

230,000

7,296,800

1

Fresh basis.

Hop Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

August 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Idaho ..........................

Oregon .......................

Washington ................

United States ..............

2,265

4,202

23,320

29,787

2,449

4,122

24,237

30,808

2,408

1,908

2,200

2,175

2,045

1,670

2,045

1,995

5,454.1

8,019.4

51,308.1

64,781.6

5,008.2

6,883.7

49,564.7

61,456.6
26 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

2,559

91,921

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,496

370

2,689

1,266

5,481

(NA)

54,409

40,646

1,369

12,394

1,071.5

(X)

178

23.2

1,140.6

1.5

130.7

74,976

1,543.0

14,735.4

14,428.0

307.4

1,232.7

(NA)

(NA)

18.0

1,205.9

362.0

428.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,098.9

93.3

48.2

957.4

(NA)

133.6

(NA)

3,678

96,405

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,746

315

2,661

1,251

6,210

56,017

41,819

2,203

11,995

1,631.5

(X)

285

55.5

1,526.0

1.6

147.5

76,080

1,804.5

12,635.0

12,400.0

235.0

1,243.5

(NA)

(NA)

19.0

1,714.7

600.0

478.0

(NA)

1,149.0

97.7

48.4

1,002.9

131.4

2,239

83,981

5,928

55,633

19,213

36,420

939

338

2,618

242

3,929

224

45,705

32,314

1,312

12,079

1,043.0

(X)

173

21.8

1,097.6

1.3

127.3

73,636

1,457.8

9,460.9

9,156.0

304.9

1,213.1

872.6

325.0

12.3

1,155.9

342.8

411.0

(NA)

6.3

29.8

74.0

1,076.7

91.5

46.0

939.2

17.3

129.7

0.5

3,268

87,361

57,574

18,812

38,762

1,091

2,640

275

5,098

48,826

35,023

2,122

11,681

1,593.1

(X)

281

53.1

1,486.0

1.5

141.5

74,635

1,735.4

10,810.4

10,577.0

233.4

1,215.5

891.0

323.4

11.5

1,673.5

573.5

461.0

30.8

1,134.4

96.1

47.5

990.8

128.5

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (August 2012) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 3........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 3............................................................................... bales

 Upland 3................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 3................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 3.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 3....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 3......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 3........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

69.6

147.2

18.4

2.36

3.40

1.81

57.1

27.1

7,067

26.1

54.6

10.3

43.7

46.2

38.5

37.7

1,475

(X)

16.1

718

3,313

2,177

1,333

41.5

1,398

790

772

1,340

23.8

33.7

1,841

1,463

1,716

1,641

1,151

(NA)

1,210

2,175

89

397

279

282

414

132

208

(NA)

67.6

123.4

2.09

2.92

1.69

61.0

7,196

48.6

46.5

48.0

40.5

42.8

(X)

3,562

36.1

784

771

1,363

29.1

35.2

2,187

1,614

1,995

289

342

155,780

12,358,412

108,926

131,144

65,332

65,812

53,649

9,149

185,009

6,326

214,443

2,298

1,999,347

1,493,677

50,482

455,188

1,538,010

5,370.0

2,791

15,644

3,636,320

2,830

169,671

3,056,032

2,038,275

15,573.2

14,722.0

851.2

28,828

29,383

598,320

180

19,833

5,625

4,732

509

7,600

64,781.6

6,570

427,406

25,573

12,960

388,873

2,286

26,964

4,100

221,019

10,778,589

120,343

54,895

65,448

66,519

189,972

247,627

2,268,246

1,682,726

86,010

499,510

6,012.0

5,292,900

2,692,014

17,651.0

16,988.0

663.0

35,336

31,359

707,030

27,016

61,456.6

27,740

16,261

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

3 Yield in pounds.
28 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,035,600

37,199,510

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,010,110

149,740

1,088,210

512,340

2,218,110

(NA)

22,018,780

16,449,030

554,020

5,015,730

433,630

(X)

72,030

9,390

461,590

610

52,890

30,342,040

624,440

5,963,270

5,838,870

124,400

498,860

(NA)

(NA)

7,280

488,020

146,500

173,210

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

444,710

37,760

19,510

387,450

(NA)

54,070

(NA)

1,488,450

39,014,140

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,111,280

127,480

1,076,880

506,270

2,513,120

22,669,520

16,923,730

891,530

4,854,260

660,250

(X)

115,340

22,460

617,560

650

59,690

30,788,820

730,260

5,113,260

5,018,160

95,100

503,230

(NA)

(NA)

7,690

693,920

242,810

193,440

(NA)

464,990

39,540

19,590

405,860

53,180

906,100

33,986,270

2,399,000

22,514,120

7,775,310

14,738,810

380,000

136,790

1,059,480

97,930

1,590,030

90,650

18,496,360

13,077,150

530,950

4,888,250

422,090

(X)

70,010

8,820

444,190

530

51,520

29,799,750

589,960

3,828,730

3,705,340

123,390

490,930

353,130

131,540

4,980

467,780

138,730

166,330

(NA)

2,550

12,050

29,950

435,730

37,030

18,620

380,080

7,000

52,490

200

1,322,530

35,354,120

23,299,620

7,613,030

15,686,590

441,520

1,068,380

111,290

2,063,110

19,759,390

14,173,460

858,750

4,727,180

644,710

(X)

113,720

21,490

601,370

610

57,260

30,204,040

702,300

4,374,860

4,280,410

94,450

491,900

360,580

130,860

4,650

677,250

232,090

186,560

12,470

459,080

38,890

19,220

400,970

52,000

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (August 2012) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per hectare Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2.....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.74

9.24

41.19

5.28

7.62

4.05

2.05

1.52

7.92

1.64

3.43

23.00

2.94

3.11

2.59

2.53

1.65

(X)

1.01

0.80

3.71

2.44

1.49

2.79

1.57

0.89

0.87

1.50

53.27

75.48

2.06

1.64

1.92

1.84

1.29

(NA)

1.35

2.44

0.10

44.49

31.33

31.58

46.41

0.15

23.30

(NA)

3.64

7.74

4.69

6.54

3.78

2.19

8.07

3.05

3.12

3.23

2.73

2.88

(X)

3.99

2.43

0.88

0.86

1.53

65.17

78.90

2.45

1.81

2.24

32.35

38.37

3,391,710

313,918,120

98,816,000

118,971,840

59,268,190

59,703,640

778,710

207,500

8,391,870

160,690

5,447,100

2,084,710

54,413,310

40,651,230

1,373,890

12,388,190

697,630

4,871,580

70,890

7,100

1,649,410

1,280

76,960

83,171,560

924,550

3,390,660

3,205,340

185,330

26,152,320

26,655,810

271,390

8,160

899,610

255,150

214,640

23,090

3,450

29,380

2,980

19,386,810

1,159,970

587,860

17,638,980

1,040

1,223,070

1,860

4,812,120

273,788,770

109,173,330

49,799,910

59,373,430

965,520

8,616,990

6,290,020

61,731,540

45,796,300

2,340,810

13,594,430

5,453,990

2,400,820

73,264,610

3,843,050

3,698,700

144,350

32,056,280

28,448,410

320,700

1,225,430

27,880

1,258,270

737,590

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
30 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2011 2012

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ....................................................................................................... tons

Lemons .......................................................................................................... tons

Oranges ......................................................................................................... tons

Tangelos (Florida) .......................................................................................... tons

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................................. tons

Noncitrus

Apples ............................................................................................. 1,000 pounds

Apricots .......................................................................................................... tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .......................................................................................pounds

Grapes ........................................................................................................... tons

Olives (California) .......................................................................................... tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .......................................................................................pounds

Peaches ......................................................................................................... tons

Pears ............................................................................................................. tons

Prunes, dried (California) ............................................................................... tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ......................................................... tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .....................................................................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ........................................................................... tons

Pecans, in-shell ..........................................................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .......................................................................... tons

Maple syrup ...............................................................................................gallons

1,264

920

8,906

52

629

9,420.0

66.7

17,400

7,377.7

71.2

28,600

1,071.8

954.7

137.0

13.1

2,030,000

38.5

269,700

461

2,794

1,127

830

8,973

52

648

8,065.7

67.8

7,296.8

1,023.3

878.5

2,100,000

1,908

1 Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.
Crop Production (August 2012) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2011 2012

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit .............................................................................................................

Lemons ................................................................................................................

Oranges ................................................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) ................................................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ...................................................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ..................................................................................................................

Apricots ................................................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Grapes .................................................................................................................

Olives (California) .................................................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Peaches ...............................................................................................................

Pears ....................................................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................................................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .................................................................................

Pecans, in-shell ....................................................................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................................................................

Maple syrup ..........................................................................................................

1,146,680

834,610

8,079,390

47,170

570,620

4,272,840

60,460

7,890

6,692,950

64,590

12,970

972,310

866,110

124,280

11,880

920,790

34,930

122,330

418,210

13,970

1,022,400

752,960

8,140,170

47,170

587,860

3,658,540

61,490

6,619,550

928,320

796,960

952,540

9,540

1 Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.
32 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States 

during 2012. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to 

obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are based on counts from this survey.

Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2008-2012

Year

June July August

Mature 1 Mature 1 Mature 1

(percent) (percent) (percent)

2008 ....................................

2009 ....................................

2010 ....................................

2011 ....................................

2012 ....................................

9

5

8

24

57

59

57

58

60

77

86

91

87

86

92

1

Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature.
Crop Production (August 2012) 33

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2008-2012

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Colorado

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Illinois

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Kansas

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Missouri

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Montana

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Nebraska

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Ohio .................................................

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Oklahoma ........................................

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Texas

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Washington

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

37.8

38.8

38.8

63.9

63.2

63.2

44.7

44.7

44.7

61.5

53.2

53.2

38.6

39.4

39.4

44.9

47.6

47.6

58.4

61.0

61.0

41.8

41.8

41.8

30.6

31.0

31.5

38.4

36.6

36.6

44.0

44.1

43.9

58.1

58.4

58.4

45.5

45.5

45.5

49.7

49.7

49.7

37.1

35.8

36.0

51.5

50.8

50.8

57.8

58.2

58.2

38.7

38.7

38.7

35.2

35.2

35.1

36.0

35.6

35.4

47.3

48.6

48.6

44.5

44.5

44.5

44.6

44.6

44.6

39.8

39.2

39.2

44.7

44.7

45.0

47.1

48.1

48.1

62.1

62.1

62.1

36.5

36.5

36.5

35.9

35.9

35.9

40.2

39.2

39.2

45.3

45.0

45.0

60.0

60.1

60.1

42.2

42.2

42.2

50.7

48.9

48.9

44.3

46.7

46.9

54.3

54.6

54.6

56.1

56.2

56.2

37.7

37.7

37.7

32.7

32.8

32.9

41.3

41.5

41.4

41.0

41.0

56.5

56.5

46.5

46.7

49.9

49.9

44.1

44.7

50.7

50.7

58.3

58.3

47.7

47.7

34.3

34.3

37.3

36.6

1

Final head counts will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.
34 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (August 2012) 35

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

July Weather Summary

Heat and drought devastated pastures and summer crops in a broad area covering the Nation’s Heartland, including large 

sections of the Plains, Midwest, and mid-South. In the hardest-hit areas, July rainfall totaled less than 50 percent of 

normal - with a few locations receiving no measurable precipitation. As a result, corn and soybean conditions fell to levels 

comparable to those observed at the height of the historic 1988 drought. By July 29, 2012, the percentage of United States 

soybeans rated very poor to poor - 37 percent - matched the highest value observed at any point in 1988.

Meanwhile, July average temperature records were broken in numerous communities from the northern and central Plains 

to the Great Lakes region, erasing marks that had been set as long ago as 1921, 1934, 1936, or 1955. Monthly 

temperatures averaged 4 to 8 degrees Fahrenheit above normal across much of the Plains and Midwest.

In contrast, abundant July precipitation fell from the western Gulf Coast region into the southern and central 

Appalachians, with many towns and cities receiving more than 10 inches of rain. The Southeastern showers revived 

pastures and aided immature summer crops. 

Elsewhere, a robust monsoon circulation contributed to widespread showers in much of the West, helping to limit wildfire 

activity. In addition, several cold fronts produced occasional showers in the Northwest, although late-month drying 

allowed small grain harvesting to gain momentum.

July Agricultural Summary

July brought little relief from the unusually hot temperatures and below average rainfall experienced during June. Crop 

conditions in many locations deteriorated under record-setting temperatures and prolonged dryness. Most notably, much 

of the Corn Belt recorded temperatures more than 6 degrees above normal while receiving precipitation totaling less than 

50 percent of normal. These hot, mostly dry conditions favored a rapid crop dry-down pace, and provided small grain 

producers ample time for harvest. Conversely, monsoonal moisture in the Four Corners States brought some drought relief 

and aided wildfire containment. Similarly, areas along the Gulf Coast received more than 7 inches of rainfall.

As July began, 25 percent of the Nation’s corn crop was at or beyond the silking stage, 20 percentage points ahead of last 

year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As more of this year’s crop entered the critical reproduction 

stage, scorching temperatures coupled with scarce rainfall led to deterioration of yield potential. Phenological 

development was rapid as mostly sunny skies promoted double-digit silking in many of the major corn-producing States. 

In the 14 days ending July 15, forty-six percent of the corn crop entered the silking stage. Doughing was evident in most 

States mid-month, ahead of both last year and normal. Much-needed rainfall returned to portions of the eastern Corn Belt 

during the second half of July; however, the moisture did little to benefit drought-affected corn as most of the crop was 

past the pollination stage. Hot temperatures and mostly dry weather persisted throughout the month. By July 29, silking 

was complete or nearing completion in many areas. Thirty-seven percent of this year’s corn crop was at or beyond the 

dough stage by July 29, twenty percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Denting was evident in 12 of the 18 major 

estimating States. Overall, 24 percent of the corn crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 29, compared 

with 48 percent on July 1 and 62 percent from the same time last year. This represented the lowest good to excellent rating 

for the week ending July 29 since 1988, when 19 percent of the corn crop was reported in good to excellent condition.

Nearly one-quarter of the sorghum crop was at or beyond the heading stage by July 1, with activity evident in all 

estimating States except Colorado and Nebraska. In Kansas, head development was underway ahead of the normal pace, 

but limited to the Southeast District. With activity limited to the lower Delta and Texas, 17 percent of the Nation’s 

sorghum crop was at or beyond the coloring stage as July began, 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. By 

July 8, producers in South Central Texas were gearing up for an earlier than normal harvest as hot temperatures aided a 

quick dry-down pace. Above average temperatures allowed phenological development to gain speed as July progressed. 

By July 22, heading had advanced to 41 percent complete, 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Coloring was 

steady during the latter half of the month. By July 29, twenty-eight percent of the sorghum crop was at or beyond the 

coloring stage, 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In Texas, harvest was 53 percent complete by July 29, 

eighteen percentage points ahead of normal. Overall, 26 percent of the sorghum crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on July 29, compared with 34 percent on July 1 and 24 percent from the same time last year.
36 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

With the exception of North Dakota, heading of this year’s oat crop was complete or nearly complete as July began, well 

ahead of both last year and the average pace. Harvest was underway in all major estimating States except the Dakotas by 

July 1. Above average temperatures and mostly sunny skies provided ample time for fieldwork as the month progressed, 

with producers in Iowa and South Dakota harvesting 20 percent or more of their crop during both the week ending July 8 

and July 15. Warmer than normal temperatures lingered throughout July, helping to quickly mature the oat crop across the 

major producing regions. By July 29, harvest had advanced to 73 percent complete, 45 percentage points ahead of last 

year and 39 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 59 percent of the oat crop was reported in good to 

excellent condition on July 22, compared with 65 percent on July 1 and 56 percent from the same time last year.

By July 1, heading of the barley crop had advanced to 61 percent complete, 52 percentage points ahead of last year and 

28 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Hot, mostly dry weather in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota – the 

three largest barley-producing States – dried out soils and negatively affected the developing crop. Heading was rapid as 

the month progressed, advancing 34 percentage points in the two weeks ending July 15. As above average temperatures 

quickly matured this year’s barley crop, harvest was underway in Minnesota and North Dakota by July 8. Nationally, 

14 percent of the barley crop was harvested by July 29, well ahead of both last year and the average pace. Overall, 

61 percent of the barley crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 29, unchanged from ratings on July 1 but 

11 percentage points below the same time last year.

With warmer than normal temperatures aiding a rapid crop maturity pace, producers had harvested 69 percent of this 

year’s winter wheat crop by July 1, twenty percentage points ahead of last year and 26 percentage points ahead of the 

5-year average. Harvest neared completion in many States by July 8, as mostly sunny skies provided ample time for 

fieldwork. By July 15, harvest was 49 percent or more ahead of normal in Colorado, Michigan, Nebraska, and South 

Dakota. Across the Northern Tier, harvest progress was steady during the latter half of the month. By July 29, eighty-five 

percent of the winter wheat crop was harvested, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of 

the 5-year average.

Seventy-three percent of the spring wheat crop was at or beyond the heading stage as July began, 61 percentage points 

ahead of last year and 38 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With the exception of Washington, above average 

temperatures in the major producing States promoted rapid head development early in the month. In North Dakota, the 

largest spring wheat-producing State, 70 percent of the crop was reported in the milk stage with 27 percent of the crop 

turned by July 8, both well ahead of normal. Nationally, heading had advanced to 98 percent complete by July 22 with 

harvest 12 percent complete, 8 and 12 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, respectively. Heat and drought stress 

in portions of the major producing regions negatively impacted crop conditions during July. By July 29, twenty-eight 

percent of the spring wheat crop was harvested, 25 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 63 percent of 

the spring wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 29, compared with 71 percent on July 1 and 

70 percent from the same time last year.

Head development was steady but ahead of normal for most of the major rice-producing States during July. Producers in 

the Upper Coast region in Texas treated fields with fungicide to control disease early in the month, while mid-month 

rainfall delayed harvest in Louisiana. By July 15, heading had advanced to 39 percent complete, 17 percentage points 

ahead of last year and 18 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Warm temperatures and sunny skies promoted 

rapid phenological development in some locations. By July 22, heading in Arkansas was reported as being nearly 3 weeks 

ahead of normal. By July 29, two-thirds of the year’s rice crop was at or beyond the heading stage, with progress just 

beginning in California. Harvest was underway in Louisiana and Texas, with 4 percent or more of the crop reported as 

ripe in Arkansas and Mississippi. Overall, 70 percent of the rice crop was reported in good to excellent condition on 

July 29, compared with 72 percent on July 1 and 64 percent from the same time last year.

As July began, trace amounts of precipitation in portions of the Corn Belt did little to alleviate the ongoing drought stress 

affecting the Nation’s soybean crop. With 26 percent of the crop blooming, additional moisture was crucial as 

phenological development advanced. By July 8, forty-four percent of this year’s soybean crop was at or beyond the 

blooming stage, 19 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Poor emergence was noted in many double-cropped 

stands in Indiana as dry soils limited seed germination. As pod setting began, record setting heat coupled with continued 

below average rainfall led to increased crop deterioration. By July 15, sixteen percent of the soybean crop was setting 
Crop Production (August 2012) 37

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

pods, 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Rapid pod development was occurring during the second half of 

July, evidenced by advancement of 39 percentage points in the 2 weeks ending July 29. Toward month’s end, producers in 

portions of the Corn Belt treated fields for spider mites. By July 29, blooming was 88 percent complete, 13 percentage 

points ahead of the 5-year average. Fifty-five percent of the soybean crop was at or beyond the pod setting stage, 

20 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 29 percent of the soybean crop was reported in good to 

excellent condition on July 29, compared with 45 percent on July 1 and 60 percent from the same time last year. This 

represented the lowest good to excellent rating for the week ending July 29 since 1988, when 24 percent of the soybean 

crop was reported in good to excellent condition.

Peg development was active in the 8 major peanut-producing States as the month began. In Georgia, most of the crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition except in excessively wet spots in some fields. By July 8, pegging was 55 percent 

complete, 17 percentage points ahead of last year and 15 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Above average 

temperatures and spotty rainfall slowed growth as July progressed. Toward month’s end, producers in portions of the 

Southeast applied fungicide, boron, and herbicide to their peanut fields. By July 29, eighty-five percent of the Nation’s 

peanut crop was pegging, 5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 69 percent of the peanut crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition, compared with 68 percent on July 1 and 43 percent from the same time last year.

Phenological development of the Nation’s cotton crop was advancing at a near-normal pace as July began. In Texas, 

irrigated cotton in the High Plains was growing well as above average temperatures provided needed heat units; however, 

dryland fields remained stressed due to a significant lack of soil moisture. Nearly half of this year’s crop was squaring by 

July 1, while boll setting was 14 percent complete. In the Delta, warm temperatures promoted a rapid boll setting pace, as 

hot, dry conditions in South Central Texas had bolls opening earlier than normal. As the month progressed, square and 

boll development was rapid despite less than adequate soil moisture levels throughout much of the South. By July 15, 

squaring was evident in 82 percent of the cotton fields across the Nation, 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, 

while 36 percent of the crop was at or beyond the boll setting stage. Defoliation was underway in the Lower Valley region 

in Texas mid-month. Favorable growing conditions in California aided good fruit retention and development. Persistently 

dry weather led to producers in portions of Texas’ Plains region plowing under some dryland cotton fields in favor of 

replanting to sorghum, while some fields in the Coastal Bend were zeroed out by insurance companies. Toward month’s 

end, squaring was complete or nearly complete in many areas across the South. By July 29, fifty-nine percent of the cotton 

crop was at or beyond the boll setting stage, 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 44 percent of the 

cotton crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 29, compared with 47 percent on July 1 and 30 percent 

from the same time last year.

Crop Comments

Corn: The 2012 corn planted area for all purposes is estimated at 96.4 million acres, unchanged from the June estimate 

but up 5 percent from 2011. This represents the highest planted acreage in the United States since 1937, when an 

estimated 97.2 million acres were planted. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 87.4 million acres, down 2 percent from 

the June forecast but up 4 percent from 2011.

Widespread drought and extreme temperatures during June and July have had an adverse affect on the 2012 corn crop. As 

of July 29, only 24 percent of the corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition in the 18 major producing States, 

compared to 62 percent rated in these two categories last year at this time. In contrast, 48 percent of the corn acreage was 

rated in very poor to poor condition in these same States, compared to only 14 percent rated in these two categories last 

year that this time. Eight of the major corn producing States report 50 percent or more of the corn acreage rated in 

very-poor to poor condition as of July 29.

The August 1 corn objective yield data indicate the third highest number of ears per acre on record for the combined 

10 objective yield States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

Wisconsin).

Planting got off to a fast start in 2012 due to warmer than normal temperatures and favorable field conditions across much 

of the major corn-producing region. By April 1, three percent of the Nation’s acreage was planted, slightly ahead of both 

last year and the 5-year average pace. Planting was active in several major producing States during the first part of April, 
38 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

but producers in some locations were hesitant to begin out of concern for a potential spring freeze. Warm, dry weather 

continued throughout April, and producers planted at a blistering pace during the latter half of the month. By April 29, 

fifty-three percent of the Nation’s crop was planted, 26 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace. 

Fifteen percent of the acreage had emerged at this time, 9 percentage points ahead of the five-year average.

Despite Midwestern rain showers during the first part of May, growers continued planting at an above average pace. By 

May 6, seventy-one percent of the Nation’s corn acreage had been planted, 39 percentage points ahead of last year and 

24 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Nearly one-third of the crop had emerged by this time. By May 20, 

ninety-six percent of the acreage was planted, which represented the quickest planting pace on record. Crop development 

continued at a rapid pace through the end of May due to warm weather and adequate soil moisture levels. By June 3, 

virtually all of the acreage had emerged.

Scarce rainfall, coupled with record-breaking temperatures, created unfavorable growing conditions during June in many 

of the major corn producing regions. Silking was underway by mid-month, with 5 percent of the crop reported in the 

critical reproductive stage by June 17. This was 3 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. 

Despite continually declining soil moisture levels, silking progressed rapidly during the latter half of the month, as sunny 

skies promoted crop development. By month’s end, one-quarter of the corn crop was at or beyond the silking stage, 

20 percentage points ahead of last year and 17 points ahead of the 5-year average. As of July 1, 48 percent of the corn 

crop was reported in good to excellent condition, compared to 72 percent rated in these two categories as of June 3. This 

represented the lowest good to excellent rating for this particular week since 1988, when only 23 percent of the crop was 

rated in good to excellent condition.

Mostly dry weather and brutally hot temperatures carried over into the first part of July in much of the Midwest, and corn 

conditions continued to decline rapidly. As of July 15, only 31 percent of the corn crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition, 35 percentage points below the same time last year. The above average temperatures promoted rapid crop 

development. By mid-month, 71 percent of the crop was at or beyond the silking stage, 35 percentage points ahead of the 

five-year average. Twelve percent had reached the dough stage, 9 percentage points ahead of last year and 8 points ahead 

of the 5-year average. Although portions of the eastern Corn Belt received much needed rainfall during the latter half of 

the month, the moisture did little to benefit drought-affected corn since most of the crop was past the critical pollination 

stage. Mostly dry weather and triple-digit heat gripped the Plains and the western Corn Belt at this time. The shift of heat 

into the western Corn Belt could not have come at a worse time for corn entering the reproductive stage of development. 

This was similar to what happened in late June and early July across the lower Midwest. In contrast, enough rain fell 

across the northern Corn Belt to help stabilize or even improve crop conditions in some areas. As July came to an end, 

94 percent of the crop was at or beyond the silking stage with 37 percent at or beyond the dough stage. Thirteen percent 

had reached the dented stage.

Sorghum: Production is forecast at 248 million bushels, up 15 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is forecast 

at 5.10 million acres, down 3 percent from June but up 30 percent from 2011. Based on August 1 conditions, yield is 

forecast at 48.6 bushels per acre, down 6 bushels from last year. A record high yield is forecast in Louisiana, where 

farmers reported mostly favorable growing conditions.

As of July 29, the sorghum crop was 52 percent headed, 15 percentage points ahead of last year and 11 percentage points 

ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-six percent of the crop was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 

24 percent last year. In Texas, 53 percent of the crop was harvested as of July 29, nine percentage points ahead of last year 

and 18 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.

Oats: Production is forecast at 66.5 million bushels, 2 percent above the July 1 forecast and up 24 percent from the record 

low production in 2011. If realized, this will be the second lowest production on record. Growers expect to harvest 

1.09 million acres for grain or seed, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 16 percent from the record low last year.

Based on conditions as of August 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 61.0 bushels per acre, up 

1.2 bushels from last month’s forecast and up 3.9 bushels from 2011. If realized, Texas yield of 54.0 bushels per acre will 

be a record high.
Crop Production (August 2012) 39

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Due to an earlier than normal planting season, the oat crop has developed ahead of normal pace in most of the 

nine major producing States. As of July 29, seventy-three percent of the oat acreage was harvested, 45 percentage points 

ahead of last year’s pace and 39 points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was running ahead of the 5-year 

average in all nine major producing States. On July 22, fifty-nine percent of the oat crop was rated as good to excellent 

compared with 56 percent at the same time last year.

Barley: Production for the 2012 barley crop is forecast at 221 million bushels, up 2 percent from the July forecast and 

42 percent from 2011. Based on conditions as of August 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 

67.6 bushels per acre, up 1.3 bushels from July but down 2.0 bushels from last year. Area harvested for grain or seed, at 

3.27 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 46 percent from 2011.

Sunny skies and adequate soil moisture levels promoted one of the quickest seeding paces on record for barley. By 

May 20, ninety-eight percent of the Nation’s barley crop was in the ground, 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year 

average. With the exception of Washington, emergence in the five major estimating States neared completion toward the 

end of May. Head development was evident in most States in early-June, and continued to progress rapidly in most 

locations as warmer than normal temperatures boosted crop growth throughout the month. By July 1, heading had 

advanced to 61 percent complete, 52 percentage points ahead of last year and 28 percentage points ahead of the 5-year 

average. Hot, mostly dry weather during July in Idaho, Montana, and North Dakota – the three largest barley-producing 

States – dried out soils and negatively affected the developing crop. As above average temperatures quickly matured this 

year’s barley crop, harvest was underway in Minnesota and North Dakota by July 8. Nationally, 14 percent of the barley 

crop was harvested by July 29, well ahead of both last year and the average pace. Overall, 61 percent of the barley crop 

was reported in good to excellent condition on July 29, unchanged from ratings on July 1 but 11 percentage points below 

the same time last year.

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.68 billion bushels, up 1 percent from July and up 13 percent from 2011. Based 

on August 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at a record high 48.0 bushels per acre, up 0.3 bushel from last 

month and 1.8 bushels higher than last year. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 35.0 million acres, 

unchanged from last month but up 8 percent from last year.

As of July 29, harvest was complete in all major producing Hard Red Winter (HRW) States except Montana. Yield 

increases from last month in the HRW growing areas are expected in North Dakota and South Dakota. If realized, yields 

in California and North Dakota will be record highs.

Harvest in the major producing Soft Red Winter (SRW) States had finished by the end of July. Compared with last month, 

yields are expected to increase or be unchanged in all SRW growing States. In the Pacific Northwest, yield increases from 

July are expected in Washington and Oregon.

Durum wheat: Production is forecast at 86.0 million bushels, up 5 percent from July and up 70 percent from 2011. The 

United States yield is forecast at 40.5 bushels per acre, up 1.9 bushels from last month and up 2.0 bushels from last year. 

Expected area to be harvested for grain totals 2.12 million acres, unchanged from last month, but up 62 percent from last 

year.

Due to above average temperatures this season, crop development has progressed significantly ahead of normal in 

Montana and North Dakota, the two largest Durum-producing States. By the end of July, harvest had begun in both States. 

As of July 29, crop conditions in Montana and North Dakota were rated 60 and 72 percent good to excellent, respectively. 

If realized, California’s yield of 110 bushels per acre will tie a record high.

Other spring wheat: Production is forecast at 500 million bushels, up 6 percent from the July forecast and up 10 percent 

from last year. Area harvested for grain is expected to total 11.7 million acres, unchanged from last month but down 

3 percent from last year. The United States yield is forecast at 42.8 bushels per acre, up 2.4 bushels from last month and 

5.1 bushels above 2011.
40 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

With the exception of Washington, above average temperatures have advanced crop development during the month. As of 

July 29, harvest had begun in all major producing States except Washington. Nationally, harvest progress was 28 percent 

complete by month’s end, 27 percentage points ahead of last year and 25 points greater than the 5-year average. 

Peanuts: Production is forecast at 5.29 billion pounds, up 46 percent from last year. Area for harvest is expected to total 

1.49 million acres, unchanged from June but 35 percent higher than 2011. Based on conditions as of August 1, the average 

yield for the United States is forecast at 3,562 pounds per acre, up 249 pounds from last year.

Record high yields are expected in Georgia and Florida, and yields will tie record highs in North Carolina and Oklahoma, 

if realized. The largest yield increases from last year are expected in Oklahoma and Texas, where drought conditions last 

year significantly reduced crop potential. If realized, yields in Oklahoma and Texas will increase 800 pounds and 

1,200 pounds, respectively.

As of July 29, sixty-nine percent of the United States peanut crop was rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 

43 percent the same time last year. Pegging was at 85 percent, 9 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 percentage 

points ahead of the 5-year average.

Rice: Production is forecast at 190 million cwt, up 3 percent from last year. Area for harvest is expected to total 

2.64 million acres, unchanged from June but 1 percent higher than 2011. Based on conditions as of August 1, the average 

United States yield is forecast at 7,196 pounds per acre, up 129 pounds from last year. 

Harvest was underway by mid-July in Louisiana and Texas. As a result of beneficial rainfall throughout the growing 

season, record high yields are expected in both States. As of July 29, sixty-six percent of the United States acreage was 

headed, 24 percentage points ahead of last year and 23 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Seventy percent of 

the United States acreage was rated in good to excellent condition as of July 29, compared with 64 percent rated in these 

two categories a year earlier.

Soybeans: Area for harvest is forecast at 74.6 million acres, down 1 percent June but up 1 percent from 2011. Harvested 

area, if realized, will be the fourth largest on record.

Planting conditions this spring were much improved from last year when severe flooding in several areas during April 

contributed to delays in soybean planting. Planting of this year’s soybean crop was underway in all 18 major States by the 

end of April. Heavy showers fell across parts of the northern and western Corn Belt during the first week of May, but very 

little precipitation occurred in the major soybean growing areas for the remainder of the month, allowing planting to 

remain at a pace ahead of last year and the 5-year average. As of June 3, soybean planting had reached 94 percent 

complete, more than 30 percentage points ahead of last year’s pace and 19 percentage points ahead of normal.

Emergence of the soybean crop began ahead of last year and the 5-year average, and remained ahead of normal pace 

throughout May and June. By June 17, emergence had advanced to 95 percent, 18 percentage points ahead of last year and 

14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Progress for blooming and setting pods followed a very similar pattern 

to emergence for soybeans, as progress for both remained several points ahead of last year’s pace and the 5-year average 

throughout June and July. As of July 29, eighty-eight percent of the Nation’s crop was blooming, 16 percentage points 

ahead of last year and 13 percentage points ahead of normal. Fifty-five percent of the acreage was setting pods by July 29, 

twenty-six percentage points ahead of last year and 20 percentage points ahead of normal.

Although hot, dry weather has helped the soybean crop mature rapidly this year, the heat and lack of rainfall has taken a 

toll on the condition of the crop. As of June 3, the earliest date soybean conditions have ever been published, sixty-five 

percent of the crop was rated as good to excellent. However, condition ratings deteriorated during June and July as 

drought conditions worsened across much of the Midwest. By July 29, only twenty-nine percent of the crop was rated as 

good to excellent. This is the second lowest good to excellent rating on record for that week since records began in 1980, 

only better than 1988 when 24 percent of the crop was rated as good to excellent.

If realized, the forecasted yield in Arkansas will tie the previous record high.
Crop Production (August 2012) 41

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton: Area planted to Upland cotton is estimated at 12.4 million acres, unchanged from June but down 14 percent from 

last year. Harvested area is expected to total 10.6 million acres, up 16 percent from 2011. Pima cotton planted area is 

estimated at 235,000 acres, unchanged from June but down 24 percent from last year. Expected harvested area, at 

233,400 acres, is down 23 percent from the previous year.

As of July 29, forty-four percent of the cotton acreage was rated in good to excellent condition compared with 30 percent 

this time last year. Fifty-nine percent of the crop had set bolls by July 29, two percentage points ahead of last year and 

3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.

In the Southeast, timely showers in recent weeks have left the crop in better condition than this time last year. If realized, 

Georgia yield will be a record high. Cotton in Texas and the southern Delta is also faring better thanks to improved 

weather conditions compared with last year. Cotton condition has declined in the northern Delta, Kansas, and Oklahoma 

due to hot, dry weather. California and Arizona have experienced very favorable growing conditions and both States are 

forecasting record high Upland cotton yields.

Ginnings totaled 60,200 running bales prior to August 1, compared with 202,750 running bales ginned prior to the same 

date last year.

Dry beans: United States dry edible bean production is forecast at 27.0 million cwt for 2012, up 36 percent from last 

year. Planted area is forecast at 1.71 million acres, up 42 percent from 2011. Harvested area is forecast at 1.67 million 

acres, 45 percent above the previous year. The average United States yield is forecast at 1,614 pounds per acre, a decrease 

of 102 pounds from 2011.

In North Dakota, planting began the end of April and was virtually complete by the first week of June, two weeks ahead 

of the 5-year average. As of July 29, eighty-five percent of the crop was setting pods. Topsoil moisture supplies were 

reported as adequate in the major growing regions. In Michigan, dry bean planting began the last week in May and 

wrapped up the week ending June 24. As of July 29, seventy-nine percent of the crop was reported to be in good to 

excellent condition. In Minnesota, planting and crop development was progressing well ahead of last year and condition 

ratings were mostly fair to good as of July 29.

Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production is forecast at 54.9 million tons, down 16 percent from last year. If realized, this 

will be the lowest production level since 1953. Based on August 1 conditions, yield is expected to average 2.92 tons per 

acre, down 0.48 ton from last year. If realized, this will be the lowest United States yield since 1988. Harvested area is 

forecast at 18.8 million acres, unchanged from June but down 2 percent from 2011.

As hot temperatures and limited rainfall depleted soil moisture levels across much of the country, expected yields for 

alfalfa hay declined when compared with last year. Some of the largest expected yield declines were evident in the Great 

Plains and Corn Belt, where July temperatures averaged more than 6 degrees above normal and precipitation totals were 

less than 50 percent of normal. In portions of the West, producers used their fields to graze livestock, as below average 

irrigation water supplies limited the number anticipated cuttings. Conversely, producers in Arizona are expecting a 

record-setting yield in 2012 as much of the State’s crop is irrigated.

Other hay: Production of other hay is forecast at 65.4 million tons, down less than 1 percent from last year. If realized, 

this will be the lowest production level since 1990. Based on August 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 1.69 tons 

per acre, down 0.12 ton from last year. If realized, this will be the lowest United States yield since 1988. Harvested area is 

forecast at 38.8 million acres, unchanged from June but up 6 percent from last year.

With the exception of the Deep South, prolonged drought conditions in most States led to declines in yield potential for 

other hay this season. The most significant yield decreases are expected throughout the Corn Belt, where hot, dry weather 

intensified severe to exceptional drought conditions as summer progressed. Conversely, timely rainfall in areas along the 

Gulf Coast and into portions of the Southeast allowed for yield recovery in pastures and grass hay fields when compared 

with 2011.
42 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco: United States all tobacco production for 2012 is forecast at 707 million pounds, up 18 percent from 2011. Area 

harvested is forecast at 323,350 acres, 1 percent below last year. Average yield for 2012 is forecast at 2,187 pounds per 

acre, 346 pounds above 2011. 

Flue-cured tobacco production is expected to total 446 million pounds, 29 percent above last year. North Carolina 

production levels recovered from last year’s hurricane damage. Many farmers irrigated as weather has been extremely hot 

in many growing areas. 

Burley production is expected to total 186 million pounds, up 8 percent from last year. Kentucky growers reported good 

development of their crop following an early spring. Most Tennessee growers expect a higher production when compared 

to 2011. Timely rains during July aided this year’s crop.

Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2012 crop year is forecast at 35.3 million tons, up 23 percent from last year. 

Planted area is forecast at 1.24 million acres, down slightly from the June Acreage report but up 1 percent from last year. 

Producers expect to harvest 1.22 million acres, down slightly from the previous forecast but up slightly from 2011. 

Expected yield is forecast at 29.1 tons per acre, an increase of 5.3 tons from last year. If realized, this will be a record 

yield for the United States.

Most of the growing region experienced excellent growing conditions throughout the summer months. Early planting, hot 

temperatures, and adequate irrigation boosted the crop’s potential.

Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2012 is forecast at 31.4 million tons, up 7 percent from last 

year. Producers intend to harvest 891,000 acres for sugar and seed during the 2012 crop year, up 18,400 acres from last 

year. Expected yield for sugar and seed is forecast at 35.2 tons per acre, up 1.5 tons from 2011.

Louisiana and Florida, which account for 91 percent of the forecasted production, experienced excellent growing 

conditions throughout the spring and summer months.

Hops: Hop production in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington is forecast at 61.5 million pounds for 2012, down 5 percent 

from last year. Area strung for harvest, at 30,808 acres, is up 3 percent from 2011. Yield is forecast at 1,995 pounds per 

acre, 180 pounds less than 2011.

In Washington and Oregon, the cool start to the growing season was followed by more normal growing conditions. 

Irrigation water was adequate and disease pressure from mildews was average. Lower forecasted yields were mostly due 

to new plantings and a shift to Aroma hop varieties. Harvest is expected to be underway by mid to late-August. In Idaho, 

hotter than normal temperatures lowered yield expectations.

Peaches: United States peach production is forecast at 1.02 million tons, down 5 percent from 2011.

California experienced an adequate number of chilling hours, thus benefiting the Freestone crop. Cool weather and rain 

during the spring also aided the crop. Higher labor costs and a lack of workers to thin the Clingstone crop were a concern 

for growers as the good crop set required a great deal of thinning. Harvest is well underway. Sizes are reported to be 

small, resulting in slightly lower production from a year ago.

In South Carolina, ninety-one percent of the crop had been harvested as of July 29, well ahead of the 5-year average of 

70 percent. Scattered hail storms were reported during the season causing some damage, especially for upstate producers.

Apples: The United States apple production for the 2012 crop year is forecast at 8.06 billion pounds, down 14 percent 

from 2011.

Production in the Western States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Washington) is forecast at 

6.21 billion pounds, up 6 percent from last year. Washington growers experienced a relatively normal growing season, 

without losses from freezes or frost, and with good pollination weather. Production in Oregon is up from last year, 

contrary to the typical alternate bearing pattern.
Crop Production (August 2012) 43

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Production in the Eastern States (Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia) is forecast at 1.60 billion pounds, 

down 31 percent from last year. New York producers reported significant losses due to adverse weather conditions. A 

warm spring season prompted trees to begin budding earlier than usual. Immediately following the warm spell in March, 

multiple freezes in April damaged many of the buds. In July, drought conditions hampered most of the remaining 

production. In North Carolina, production is expected to be down significantly from last year due to a late freeze, hail 

damage, and flooding.

Production in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and 

Wisconsin) is forecast at 252 million pounds, a decrease of 79 percent from last year. The Michigan crop was severely 

hampered by multiple significant frosts in April as well as high temperatures and very dry conditions throughout the 

growing season. Ohio production was greatly diminished this year due to a damaging frost during bloom time.

Pears: United States pear production for 2012 is forecast at 878,500 tons, down 8 percent from last year. Bartlett pear 

production for California, Oregon, and Washington is forecast at 408,000 tons, 5 percent below a year ago. Other pear 

production in the Pacific Coast States is forecast at 465,000 tons, 8 percent below last year.

Washington producers reported mild spring weather conditions with no losses from frost. However, several producers 

reported reduced production of D'anjou and Bosc varieties due to poor weather during pollination. Reports of hail and 

wind damage during June and July were common. Several producers reported lower production due to fire blight, while 

labor shortages remain a concern this year.

In California, Bartlett harvest began in the Sacramento Valley by mid-July. Quality and sizing were reported to be good 

with no unusual pest or disease pressure reported. Other pear harvest began in mid-July, which is slightly ahead of the 

previous year. Quality was reported to be good. Oregon growers reported good pollination and bloom weather.

Coffee: Hawaii coffee production is forecast at 7.60 million pounds (parchment basis) for the 2011-2012 season, down 

14 percent from the previous season. Weather conditions have improved from last year on the Kona side of Hawaii Island 

where the majority of the coffee farms are located. However, the Coffee Berry Borer continued to negatively impact 

yields.

Grapes: United States grape production for 2012 is forecast at 7.30 million tons, down 1 percent from last year. 

California leads the United States in grape production with 90 percent of the total. Washington and New York are the next 

largest producing States, with 6 percent and 2 percent, respectively.

California’s wine type grape production is forecast at 3.70 million tons, up 9 percent from 2011 and represents 56 percent 

of California’s total grape crop. California’s raisin type grape production is forecast at 1.90 million tons, down 13 percent 

from last year and represents 29 percent of California’s total grape crop. California’s table type grape production is 

forecast at 1.00 million tons, down 3 percent from the previous year. California vineyards saw warm and dry growing 

conditions this spring. Mildew and European Grapevine Moth pressure have been low this year. Bunch counts for the 

Thompson grape variety were down significantly from 2011.

In Washington, a warm, dry spring along with mild winter conditions significantly improved production expectations over 

last year. New York, as well as other grape producing states in the Great Lakes region, reported significant yield 

reductions compared with last year due to freezing temperatures during April. Damage to the crop was compounded by 

the fact that vine development was ahead of normal following a mild winter. Texas and Virginia growers reported good 

growing conditions and expect to see increased production over last year.

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, weather stations reported high temperatures ranging from the low to mid 90s. 

Rainfall was moderate across most of the citrus producing region. The majority of the citrus region has remained drought 

free, with the exception of an abnormally dry area extending from the northern shore of Lake Okeechobee to the gulf 

coast of Collier county. Late orange harvest ended. The primary grove activities were fertilizer application, summer oil 

spraying, young tree care, and grove maintenance.
44 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

California citrus: Harvest of Valencia oranges, lemons, and grapefruit continued. Ethylene gas was used on Valencia 

oranges due to re-greening fruit. Netting was removed on tangerine and mandarin groves. Harvest of late Navel oranges 

neared completion.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Peach, plum, and nectarine harvests continued as apricot harvest neared 

completion. Clingstone peach harvest began in the Sacramento Valley. Prunes progressed well as irrigation and potassium 

applications continued. Harvest of table grapes in the Coachella Valley finished, as harvest in the San Joaquin Valley 

began. In the San Joaquin Valley, wine grapes began coloring and sugaring as harvest approached. Napa Valley growers 

applied the second European Grapevine Moth application. Gala apple and Bartlett pear harvests began. Kiwi, fig, jujube, 

and pomegranate fruit continued to develop. The olive bloom completed and fruit began to size. Strawberries and 

blackberries were picked and packed in the San Joaquin Valley and coastal areas. Blueberry harvest was nearly complete. 

Almond hull split continued as growers applied hull split sprays. Good development was reported in walnut, pistachio, 

and pecan orchards. Walnuts were sprayed for weeds, coddling moth, and husk fly. Pistachio nut fill continued and some 

growers reported nut splitting.
Crop Production (August 2012) 45

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between July 25 and August 6 to gather 

information on expected yields as of August 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, soybeans, and wheat were 

conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States production. Farm 

operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample 

plots in selected fields for the objective yield survey. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the 

maturity of that crop. In all cases, the number of plants is recorded along with other measurements that provide 

information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, pods, or heads and their weight. The counts are used with similar data 

from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. 

The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit are harvested and weighed. After the farm operator 

has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss.

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviews. 

Over 28,000 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These 

growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields.

Estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each Field Office submits their analysis of 

the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to 

prepare the published August 1 forecasts. 

Revision policy: The August 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a 

balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are 

then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of planted acres for 

spring planted crops are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report if conditions altered the planting 

intentions since the mid-year survey. Planted acres may also be revised for cotton, peanuts, and rice in the September 

Crop Production report each year; spring wheat, Durum wheat, barley, and oats only in the Small Grains Annual report at 

the end of September; and all other spring planted crops in the October Crop Production report. Revisions to planted acres 

will only be made when either special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program “sign up” 

data, or remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there 

is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the August 1 production forecast, the “Root Mean Square 

Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the August 1 production 

forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage 

deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the “Root Mean 

Square Error.” Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the 

final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing 

recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the August 1 corn for grain production forecast is 

6.3 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final 

estimate by more than 6.3 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not 

exceed 10.8 percent.

Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the August 1 forecast 

and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the August 1 forecast and the final estimate 

during the last 20 years have averaged 458 million bushels, ranging from 16 million bushels to 1.09 billion bushels. The 

August 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the August 1 

corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.
46 Crop Production (August 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Reliability of August 1 Crop Production Forecasts

[Based on data for the past twenty years]

Crop Root mean

square error

90 percent

confidence

interval

Difference between forecast

and final estimate

Production Years

Average Smallest Largest Below

final

Above

final

(percent) (percent) (millions) (millions) (millions) (number) (number)

Barley ................................................ bushels

Corn for grain ..................................... bushels

Dry edible beans ....................................... cwt

Oats ................................................... bushels

Rice .......................................................... cwt

Sorghum for grain .............................. bushels

Soybeans for bean ............................. bushels

Upland cotton 1......................................bales

Wheat

 Durum wheat ................................... bushels

 Other spring ..................................... bushels

 Winter wheat .................................... bushels

7.8

6.3

8.1

11.3

4.3

10.0

6.5

9.3

9.2

9.1

1.4

13.5

10.8

14.0

19.5

7.5

17.3

11.2

16.0

15.9

15.7

2.5

19

458

2

14

7

36

139

1,350

7

40

18

3

16

(Z)

1

1

2

(Z)

192

(Z)

3

4

69

1,085

4

43

17

108

408

3,921

19

121

38

6

10

13

2

11

8

11

9

8

9

5

14

10

7

18

9

12

9

11

12

11

15

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

1 Quantity is in thousands of units.
Crop Production (August 2012) 47

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Bryan Durham – Oats, Rye, Wheat.................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Hay.................................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries..................................... (202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits ........................................ (202) 720-5412

 Dave Losh – Hops............................................................................................................................ (360) 709-2400 

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .............................................. (202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Follow NASS” box under “Receive reports by Email,” 

click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of 

payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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