Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released July 11, 2012, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Down 1 Percent from June

Orange Production Up Slightly from June

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.67 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the June 1 forecast but up 12 percent 

from 2011. Based on July 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 47.7 bushels per acre, up 0.4 bushel from last 

month and 1.5 bushels more than last year. The area expected to be harvested for grain or seed totals 35.0 million acres, 

unchanged from the Acreage report released on June 29, 2012 but up 8 percent from last year.

Hard Red Winter, at 1.01 billion bushels, is down 1 percent from a month ago. Soft Red Winter production is up slightly 

from last month and now totals 429 million bushels. White Winter production totals 232 million bushels, up slightly from 

last month. Of this total, 14.0 million bushels are Hard White and 218 million bushels are Soft White.

Durum wheat production is forecast at 82.0 million bushels, up 62 percent from 2011. The United States yield is forecast 

at 38.6 bushels per acre, up 0.1 bushel from last year. Expected area to be harvested for grain totals 2.12 million acres, 

unchanged from the Acreage report released June 29, 2012 but up 62 percent from last year.

Other spring wheat production is forecast at 472 million bushels, up 4 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain is 

expected to total 11.7 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released June 29, 2012 but down 3 percent from 

last year. The United States yield is forecast at 40.4 bushels per acre, 2.7 bushels above 2011. Of the total production, 

435 million bushels are Hard Red Spring wheat, up 10 percent from last year.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2011-2012 season is 8.97 million tons, up slightly from the June 1 forecast 

and 1 percent above the 2010-2011 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 147 million boxes (6.59 million 

tons), is up slightly from the June 1 forecast and up 4 percent from last season’s final utilization. Early, midseason, and 

Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 74.2 million boxes (3.34 million tons), unchanged from the June 1 forecast but up 

6 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 72.3 million boxes (3.25 million tons), is up slightly 

from the June 1 forecast and up 3 percent from the 2010-2011 crop. Harvesting of Valencia oranges in Florida was 

complete. Drought conditions were all but eliminated during June due to significant rainfall from Tropical Storm Debby.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2011-2012 season is 1.63 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, unchanged from the June forecast but up 3 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.59 gallons per 

box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.53 gallons per box, up 1 percent from last season’s yield. The Valencia 

portion is projected at 1.75 gallons per box, 5 percent higher than last year’s final yield of 1.66 gallons per box. All 

projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons.
2 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on July 11, 2012.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Joseph W. Glauber

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (July 2012) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted July 1, 2012 ......................... 5

Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted July 1, 2012..................... 5

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

July 1, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

July 1, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

July 1, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted July 1, 2012.................................................................... 7

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

July 1, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................. 8

Miscellaneous Fruits and Nuts Production by Crop – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

July 1, 2012............................................................................................................................................................................. 8

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2010-2011 and Forecasted July 1, 2012 .............. 9

Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Seasonal Group – States and United States: 

2011 and 2012....................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Fall Potato Percent of Acreage Planted by Type of Potato – Selected States and Total: 2011 and 2012............................. 11

Fall Potato Area Planted for Certified Seed – Selected States and Total: 2011 and 2012.................................................... 11

Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2011 and 2012 .................................................... 12

Lentil Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2011 and 2012................................................................... 12

Austrian Winter Pea Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2011 and 2012............................................ 12

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2011 and 2012................... 14

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2011 and 2012 ....................... 16

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2011 and 2012 .................................................................. 18

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2011 and 2012....................................................................... 19

Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2008-2012 ............................... 20

Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2008-2012 ................................................................................... 21

Percent of Normal Precipitation Map ................................................................................................................................... 22

Departure from Normal Temperature Map........................................................................................................................... 22
4 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

June Weather Summary ........................................................................................................................................................23

June Agricultural Summary ..................................................................................................................................................23

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................25

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................29

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................31
Crop Production (July 2012) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Oat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

California .............................

Idaho ...................................

Illinois ..................................

Iowa .....................................

Kansas ................................

Michigan ..............................

Minnesota ............................

Montana ..............................

Nebraska .............................

New York .............................

North Dakota .......................

Ohio .....................................

Oregon ................................

Pennsylvania .......................

South Dakota .......................

Texas ..................................

Wisconsin ............................

Other States 1......................

United States .......................

15

15

20

50

25

30

110

20

20

34

85

38

12

60

70

60

115

160

939

30

15

20

60

30

35

130

20

25

40

110

46

16

70

70

80

120

174

1,091

100.0

70.0

68.0

65.0

38.0

64.0

54.0

50.0

65.0

50.0

52.0

54.0

100.0

46.0

59.0

35.0

62.0

61.8

57.1

95.0

65.0

63.0

58.0

41.0

64.0

64.0

55.0

48.0

60.0

58.0

57.0

103.0

53.0

65.0

50.0

59.0

58.8

59.8

1,500

1,050

1,360

3,250

950

1,920

5,940

1,000

1,300

1,700

4,420

2,052

1,200

2,760

4,130

2,100

7,130

9,887

53,649

2,850

975

1,260

3,480

1,230

2,240

8,320

1,100

1,200

2,400

6,380

2,622

1,648

3,710

4,550

4,000

7,080

10,231

65,276

1 Other States include Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Maine, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, 

Washington, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Barley Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

Colorado .............................

Idaho ..................................

Maryland .............................

Minnesota ...........................

Montana .............................

North Dakota ......................

Oregon ...............................

Pennsylvania ......................

Utah ....................................

Virginia ...............................

Washington ........................

Wyoming ............................

Other States 1.....................

United States ......................

64

75

63

500

36

60

620

350

32

55

22

70

115

63

114

2,239

43

65

55

590

46

100

800

1,060

40

58

28

45

150

60

128

3,268

125.0

63.0

126.0

93.0

80.0

51.0

50.0

47.0

75.0

65.0

83.0

88.0

74.0

97.0

58.3

69.6

120.0

55.0

125.0

87.0

75.0

59.0

49.0

61.0

63.0

72.0

80.0

83.0

75.0

92.0

55.5

66.3

8,000

4,725

7,938

46,500

2,880

3,060

31,000

16,450

2,400

3,575

1,826

6,160

8,510

6,111

6,645

155,780

5,160

3,575

6,875

51,330

3,450

5,900

39,200

64,660

2,520

4,176

2,240

3,735

11,250

5,520

7,099

216,690

1 Other States include Delaware, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Individual State estimates will be 

published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.
6 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

June 1 July 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Colorado .............................

Georgia ...............................

Idaho ...................................

Illinois ..................................

Indiana ................................

Kansas ................................

Kentucky .............................

Maryland .............................

Michigan .............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

Montana ..............................

Nebraska ............................

New York ............................

North Carolina .....................

North Dakota .......................

Ohio ....................................

Oklahoma ...........................

Oregon ................................

Pennsylvania ......................

South Carolina ....................

South Dakota ......................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

Washington .........................

Wisconsin ...........................

Other States 1.....................

United States ......................

520

420

2,000

200

770

765

400

7,900

440

190

680

335

680

2,190

1,450

93

610

375

850

3,200

825

170

180

1,590

310

1,900

250

1,730

335

956

32,314

460

330

2,250

200

740

640

330

9,000

470

210

540

430

690

2,140

1,320

80

770

700

525

4,200

780

150

235

1,300

350

2,950

270

1,670

250

1,043

35,023

58.0

85.0

39.0

55.0

82.0

61.0

62.0

35.0

70.0

66.0

75.0

64.0

50.0

41.0

45.0

56.0

68.0

37.0

58.0

22.0

77.0

51.0

60.0

42.0

69.0

26.0

71.0

75.0

65.0

55.2

46.2

56.0

85.0

39.0

47.0

82.0

61.0

60.0

43.0

62.0

63.0

72.0

56.0

55.0

40.0

40.0

64.0

60.0

49.0

61.0

37.0

72.0

63.0

54.0

43.0

63.0

31.0

65.0

69.0

70.0

51.3

47.3

55.0

85.0

37.0

44.0

82.0

64.0

65.0

44.0

62.0

63.0

72.0

56.0

56.0

38.0

42.0

61.0

58.0

49.0

67.0

37.0

72.0

61.0

48.0

43.0

66.0

31.0

65.0

69.0

69.0

51.4

47.7

30,160

35,700

78,000

11,000

63,140

46,665

24,800

276,500

30,800

12,540

51,000

21,440

34,000

89,790

65,250

5,208

41,480

13,875

49,300

70,400

63,525

8,670

10,800

66,780

21,390

49,400

17,750

129,750

21,775

52,789

1,493,677

25,300

28,050

83,250

8,800

60,680

40,960

21,450

396,000

29,140

13,230

38,880

24,080

38,640

81,320

55,440

4,880

44,660

34,300

35,175

155,400

56,160

9,150

11,280

55,900

23,100

91,450

17,550

115,230

17,250

53,641

1,670,346

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.
Crop Production (July 2012) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011

2012

2011 2012

June 1 July 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ............................

California .........................

Montana ..........................

North Dakota ...................

Other States 1..................

United States ...................

79

115

385

715

18

1,312

99

130

520

1,350

23

2,122

101.0

109.0

28.0

25.5

53.1

38.5

110.0

110.0

(X)

(X)

(X)

(X)

110.0

110.0

26.0

31.0

60.9

38.6

7,979

12,535

10,780

18,233

955

50,482

10,890

14,300

13,520

41,850

1,400

81,960

(X) Not applicable.

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Other Spring Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Idaho ..................................

Minnesota ...........................

Montana .............................

North Dakota ......................

Oregon ...............................

South Dakota ......................

Washington ........................

Other States 1.....................

United States ......................

620

1,500

2,400

5,500

157

1,220

615

67

12,079

460

1,350

2,850

5,350

87

1,070

475

39

11,681

84.0

46.0

31.0

30.5

70.0

31.0

62.0

74.9

37.7

70.0

50.0

30.0

40.0

71.0

35.0

55.0

72.2

40.4

52,080

69,000

74,400

167,750

10,990

37,820

38,130

5,018

455,188

32,200

67,500

85,500

214,000

6,177

37,450

26,125

2,817

471,769

1 Other States include Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted July 1, 2012

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available]

Crop 2011 2012

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ...................................

Soft red .....................................

Hard white ................................

Soft white ..................................

Spring

Hard red ...................................

Hard white ................................

Soft white ..................................

Durum ......................................

Total .........................................

780,089

457,535

12,368

243,685

397,689

11,878

45,621

50,482

1,999,347

1,009,656

429,027

14,047

217,616

435,485

7,046

29,238

81,960

2,224,075
8 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted July 1, 2012

Class and type

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia .............................................................

North Carolina ...................................................

South Carolina ..................................................

Virginia ..............................................................

United States ....................................................

11,900

160,000

15,500

19,500

206,900

10,500

154,000

13,500

21,000

199,000

2,250

1,550

1,700

2,230

1,666

2,200

2,200

1,800

2,200

2,173

26,775

248,000

26,350

43,485

344,610

23,100

338,800

24,300

46,200

432,400

Miscellaneous Fruits and Nuts Production by Crop – States and United States: 2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

Crop and State

Total production

2011 2012

(tons) (tons)

Apricots

California ..............................................................

Utah ......................................................................

Washington ...........................................................

United States ........................................................

62,550

200

3,900

66,650

60,000

280

7,500

67,780

(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Almonds, shelled basis 1

California .............................................................. 2,030,000 2,100,000

1 Utilized production.
Crop Production (July 2012) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2010-2011 and

Forecasted July 1, 2012

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2010-2011 2011-2012 2010-2011 2011-2012

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and Navel 2

 California ..........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas ................................................

 United States ....................................

Valencia

 California ..........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas ................................................

 United States ....................................

All

 California ..........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas ................................................

 United States ....................................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ..............................................

Colored

 Florida ..............................................

All

 California ..........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas ................................................

 United States ....................................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 3...............................................

California 3............................................

Florida ..................................................

United States ........................................

Lemons

Arizona .................................................

California ..............................................

United States ........................................

Tangelos

Florida ..................................................

48,000

70,300

1,700

120,000

14,500

70,200

249

84,949

62,500

140,500

1,949

204,949

5,850

13,900

4,300

19,750

6,300

30,350

300

9,900

4,650

14,850

2,500

20,500

23,000

1,150

44,000

74,200

1,108

119,308

14,000

72,300

311

86,611

58,000

146,500

1,419

205,919

5,300

13,500

3,400

18,800

4,800

27,000

200

10,900

4,300

15,400

750

20,000

20,750

1,150

1,920

3,164

72

5,156

580

3,159

11

3,750

2,500

6,323

83

8,906

249

591

172

840

252

1,264

12

396

221

629

100

820

920

52

1,760

3,339

47

5,146

560

3,254

13

3,827

2,320

6,593

60

8,973

225

574

136

799

192

1,127

8

436

204

648

30

800

830

52

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in 

Arizona and California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80; tangelos-90.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines 

in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3

Includes tangelos and tangors.
10 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production by Seasonal Group – States and 

United States: 2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Seasonal group

and State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Spring 1

Arizona .................................

California ..............................

Florida ...................................

 Hastings area ....................

 All other areas ...................

North Carolina .......................

Texas ....................................

United States ........................

Summer

Colorado ...............................

Delaware ..............................

Illinois ....................................

Kansas ..................................

Maryland ...............................

Missouri ................................

New Jersey ...........................

Texas ....................................

Virginia ..................................

Other States 2.......................

United States ........................

Fall 3

California ..............................

Colorado ...............................

Idaho .....................................

 10 Southwest counties ......

 All other counties ..............

Maine ....................................

Massachusetts ......................

Michigan ...............................

Minnesota .............................

Montana ................................

Nebraska ..............................

Nevada .................................

New Mexico ..........................

New York ..............................

North Dakota .........................

Ohio ......................................

Oregon ..................................

Pennsylvania ........................

Rhode Island .........................

Washington ...........................

Wisconsin .............................

Other States 2.......................

United States ........................

All 

United States ........................

3.8

28.1

36.4

23.4

13.0

17.0

8.0

93.3

4.5

1.6

7.0

5.5

2.2

8.3

2.0

11.1

6.0

-

48.2

8.6

54.0

320.0

19.0

301.0

57.0

3.5

45.0

49.0

11.7

20.0

(D)

(D)

16.5

84.0

2.0

40.0

9.2

0.6

160.0

63.0

13.3

957.4

1,098.9

3.5

29.5

36.9

23.6

13.3

18.0

9.8

97.7

5.4

1.4

(D)

6.0

(D)

8.5

2.6

11.0

5.0

8.5

48.4

8.5

55.1

345.0

20.0

325.0

59.0

3.8

46.0

51.0

12.0

22.5

7.3

6.3

17.0

88.0

2.4

41.0

8.9

0.6

165.0

63.5

-

1,002.9

1,149.0

3.8

28.0

35.6

23.1

12.5

16.5

7.6

91.5

4.4

1.6

6.8

5.3

2.2

7.1

1.8

10.9

5.9

-

46.0

8.6

53.9

319.0

19.0

300.0

54.0

2.7

44.0

47.0

11.5

19.5

(D)

(D)

16.2

77.0

1.7

39.9

7.8

0.6

160.0

62.5

13.3

939.2

1,076.7

3.5

29.5

36.3

23.3

13.0

17.5

9.3

96.1

5.3

1.4

(D)

5.8

(D)

8.4

2.6

10.8

4.9

8.3

47.5

8.5

55.0

344.0

20.0

324.0

58.0

3.7

45.5

48.0

11.7

22.1

7.3

6.2

16.5

84.0

2.2

41.0

8.5

0.6

165.0

63.0

-

990.8

1,134.4

280

390

256

270

230

170

220

279

370

250

330

280

300

170

190

350

200

-

282

480

395

398

530

390

265

275

345

355

330

400

(D)

(D)

250

245

250

585

230

250

615

400

439

414

397

275

395

260

260

260

200

235

289

380

290

(D)

330

(D)

310

200

475

250

295

342

1,064

10,920

9,112

6,237

2,875

2,805

1,672

25,573

1,628

400

2,244

1,484

660

1,207

342

3,815

1,180

-

12,960

4,128

21,291

127,070

10,070

117,000

14,310

743

15,180

16,685

3,795

7,800

(D)

(D)

4,050

18,865

425

23,342

1,794

150

98,400

25,000

5,845

388,873

427,406

963

11,653

9,438

6,058

3,380

3,500

2,186

27,740

2,014

406

(D)

1,914

(D)

2,604

520

5,130

1,225

2,448

16,261

- Represents zero.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1 Estimates for current year carried forward from earlier forecast.

2

Includes data withheld above.

3

The forecast of fall potato production will be published in Crop Production released November 2012.
Crop Production (July 2012) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fall Potato Percent of Acreage Planted by Type of Potato – Selected States and Total: 2011 and 2012

[Predominant type shown may include small portion of other type(s) constituting less than 1 percent of State's total. Blue types are reported under 

red types]

State

Red White Yellow Russet

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Colorado ...................

Idaho ........................

Maine .......................

Michigan ...................

Minnesota .................

New York ..................

North Dakota ............

Oregon .....................

Pennsylvania ............

Washington ..............

Wisconsin .................

Total .........................

1

3

4

2

18

7

25

3

10

3

11

7

1

3

4

1

21

6

23

3

1

4

10

6

4

4

38

85

14

86

35

17

89

7

37

19

6

4

38

86

9

87

34

12

90

7

37

19

8

1

4

-

1

5

1

2

1

1

1

2

5

2

3

1

1

4

1

3

1

2

1

2

87

92

54

13

67

2

39

78

-

89

51

72

88

91

55

12

69

3

42

82

8

87

52

73

- Represents zero.

Fall Potato Area Planted for Certified Seed – Selected States and Total: 2011 and 2012

[Data supplied by State seed certification officials]

State

2011 Crop 2012 Crop

Entered for

certification Certified Percentcertified

Entered for

certification

(acres) (acres) (percent) (acres)

Alaska ......................

California ..................

Colorado ...................

Idaho ........................

Maine .......................

Michigan ...................

Minnesota .................

Montana ...................

Nebraska ..................

New York ..................

North Dakota ............

Oregon .....................

Pennsylvania ............

Washington ..............

Wisconsin .................

Total .........................

53

704

14,998

(NA)

11,134

2,343

8,279

10,187

5,229

845

17,984

2,557

278

2,901

8,353

(X)

53

704

13,287

34,766

10,742

2,272

7,394

10,187

5,211

845

14,890

2,557

278

2,887

8,353

114,426

100

100

89

(X)

96

97

89

100

100

100

83

100

100

100

100

(X)

55

584

15,831

(NA)

11,616

2,355

7,050

10,678

6,162

762

19,607

2,792

325

3,000

9,099

(X)

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.
12 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Dry Edible Pea Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

[Excludes both wrinkled seed peas and Austrian winter peas]

State

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Idaho .............................

Montana ........................

North Dakota .................

Oregon ..........................

Washington ...................

United States ................

16.0

190.0

85.0

5.0

66.0

362.0

24.0

250.0

250.0

6.0

70.0

600.0

15.0

177.0

80.0

4.8

66.0

342.8

23.0

235.0

240.0

5.5

70.0

573.5

Lentil Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

State

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Idaho .............................

Montana ........................

North Dakota .................

Washington ...................

United States ................

28.0

260.0

80.0

60.0

428.0

33.0

200.0

180.0

65.0

478.0

27.0

247.0

77.0

60.0

411.0

32.0

190.0

174.0

65.0

461.0

Austrian Winter Pea Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

State

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Idaho .............................

Montana ........................

Oregon ..........................

United States ................

6.0

10.0

2.0

18.0

4.0

11.0

4.0

19.0

5.0

6.0

1.3

12.3

3.5

5.0

3.0

11.5
Crop Production (July 2012) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This page intentionally left blank.
14 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

2,559

91,921

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,496

370

2,689

1,266

5,481

(NA)

54,409

40,646

1,369

12,394

1,071.5

(X)

178

23.2

1,140.6

1.5

130.7

74,976

1,543.0

14,735.4

14,428.0

307.4

1,232.7

(NA)

(NA)

18.0

1,205.9

362.0

428.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,098.9

93.3

48.2

957.4

(NA)

133.6

(NA)

3,678

96,405

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,746

315

2,661

1,251

6,210

56,017

41,819

2,203

11,995

1,631.5

(X)

285

55.5

1,526.0

1.6

147.5

76,080

1,804.5

12,635.0

12,400.0

235.0

1,244.1

(NA)

(NA)

19.0

1,632.7

600.0

478.0

(NA)

1,149.0

97.7

48.4

1,002.9

131.4

2,239

83,981

5,928

55,633

19,213

36,420

939

338

2,618

242

3,929

224

45,705

32,314

1,312

12,079

1,043.0

(X)

173

21.8

1,097.6

1.3

127.3

73,636

1,457.8

9,460.9

9,156.0

304.9

1,213.1

872.6

325.0

12.3

1,155.9

342.8

411.0

(NA)

6.3

29.8

74.0

1,076.7

91.5

46.0

939.2

17.3

129.7

0.5

3,268

88,851

57,669

18,827

38,842

1,091

2,640

275

5,238

48,826

35,023

2,122

11,681

1,593.1

281

53.1

1,486.0

1.5

141.5

75,315

1,735.4

1,215.9

892.0

323.7

11.5

1,573.6

573.5

461.0

30.8

1,134.4

96.1

47.5

990.8

128.5

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (July 2012) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 3........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 3............................................................................... bales

 Upland 3................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 3................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 3.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 3....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 3......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 3........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

69.6

147.2

18.4

2.36

3.40

1.81

57.1

27.1

7,067

26.1

54.6

10.3

43.7

46.2

38.5

37.7

1,475

(X)

16.1

718

3,313

2,177

1,333

41.5

1,398

790

772

1,340

23.8

33.7

1,841

1,463

1,716

1,641

1,151

(NA)

1,320

2,175

89

397

279

282

414

132

208

(NA)

66.3

59.8

45.6

47.7

38.6

40.4

289

342

155,780

12,358,412

108,926

131,144

65,332

65,812

53,649

9,149

185,009

6,326

214,443

2,298

1,999,347

1,493,677

50,482

455,188

1,538,010

5,370.0

2,791

15,644

3,636,320

2,830

169,671

3,056,032

2,038,275

15,573.2

14,722.0

851.2

28,828

29,383

598,320

180

19,833

5,625

4,732

509

8,300

64,781.6

6,570

427,406

25,573

12,960

388,873

2,286

26,964

4,100

216,690

65,276

2,224,075

1,670,346

81,960

471,769

27,740

16,261

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

3 Yield in pounds.
16 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,035,600

37,199,510

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,010,110

149,740

1,088,210

512,340

2,218,110

(NA)

22,018,780

16,449,030

554,020

5,015,730

433,630

(X)

72,030

9,390

461,590

610

52,890

30,342,040

624,440

5,963,270

5,838,870

124,400

498,860

(NA)

(NA)

7,280

488,020

146,500

173,210

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

444,710

37,760

19,510

387,450

(NA)

54,070

(NA)

1,488,450

39,014,140

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,111,280

127,480

1,076,880

506,270

2,513,120

22,669,520

16,923,730

891,530

4,854,260

660,250

(X)

115,340

22,460

617,560

650

59,690

30,788,820

730,260

5,113,260

5,018,160

95,100

503,470

(NA)

(NA)

7,690

660,740

242,810

193,440

(NA)

464,990

39,540

19,590

405,860

53,180

906,100

33,986,270

2,399,000

22,514,120

7,775,310

14,738,810

380,000

136,790

1,059,480

97,930

1,590,030

90,650

18,496,360

13,077,150

530,950

4,888,250

422,090

(X)

70,010

8,820

444,190

530

51,520

29,799,750

589,960

3,828,730

3,705,340

123,390

490,930

353,130

131,540

4,980

467,780

138,730

166,330

(NA)

2,550

12,050

29,950

435,730

37,030

18,620

380,080

7,000

52,490

200

1,322,530

35,957,110

23,338,070

7,619,100

15,718,970

441,520

1,068,380

111,290

2,119,770

19,759,390

14,173,460

858,750

4,727,180

644,710

113,720

21,490

601,370

610

57,260

30,479,230

702,300

492,060

360,980

131,010

4,650

636,820

232,090

186,560

12,470

459,080

38,890

19,220

400,970

52,000

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (July 2012) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2011 and 2012 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per hectare Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2.....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.74

9.24

41.19

5.28

7.62

4.05

2.05

1.52

7.92

1.64

3.43

23.00

2.94

3.11

2.59

2.53

1.65

(X)

1.01

0.80

3.71

2.44

1.49

2.79

1.57

0.89

0.87

1.50

53.27

75.48

2.06

1.64

1.92

1.84

1.29

(NA)

1.48

2.44

0.10

44.49

31.33

31.58

46.41

0.15

23.30

(NA)

3.57

2.15

3.06

3.21

2.60

2.72

32.35

38.37

3,391,710

313,918,120

98,816,000

118,971,840

59,268,190

59,703,640

778,710

207,500

8,391,870

160,690

5,447,100

2,084,710

54,413,310

40,651,230

1,373,890

12,388,190

697,630

4,871,580

70,890

7,100

1,649,410

1,280

76,960

83,171,560

924,550

3,390,660

3,205,340

185,330

26,152,320

26,655,810

271,390

8,160

899,610

255,150

214,640

23,090

3,760

29,380

2,980

19,386,810

1,159,970

587,860

17,638,980

1,040

1,223,070

1,860

4,717,870

947,480

60,529,400

45,459,370

2,230,590

12,839,450

1,258,270

737,590

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
18 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2011 2012

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ....................................................................................................... tons

Lemons .......................................................................................................... tons

Oranges ......................................................................................................... tons

Tangelos (Florida) .......................................................................................... tons

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................................. tons

Noncitrus

Apples ............................................................................................. 1,000 pounds

Apricots .......................................................................................................... tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .......................................................................................pounds

Grapes ........................................................................................................... tons

Olives (California) .......................................................................................... tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .......................................................................................pounds

Peaches ......................................................................................................... tons

Pears ............................................................................................................. tons

Prunes, dried (California) ............................................................................... tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ......................................................... tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .....................................................................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ........................................................................... tons

Pecans, in-shell ..........................................................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .......................................................................... tons

Maple syrup ...............................................................................................gallons

1,264

920

8,906

52

629

9,420.0

66.7

17,400

7,377.7

71.2

28,600

1,071.8

954.7

137.0

13.1

2,030,000

38.5

269,700

461

2,794

1,127

830

8,973

52

648

67.8

2,100,000

1,908

1 Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.
Crop Production (July 2012) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2011 and 2012

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2011 2012

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit .............................................................................................................

Lemons ................................................................................................................

Oranges ................................................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) ................................................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ...................................................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ..................................................................................................................

Apricots ................................................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Grapes .................................................................................................................

Olives (California) .................................................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Peaches ...............................................................................................................

Pears ....................................................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................................................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .................................................................................

Pecans, in-shell ....................................................................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................................................................

Maple syrup ..........................................................................................................

1,146,680

834,610

8,079,390

47,170

570,620

4,272,840

60,460

7,890

6,692,950

64,590

12,970

972,310

866,110

124,280

11,880

920,790

34,930

122,330

418,210

13,970

1,022,400

752,960

8,140,170

47,170

587,860

61,490

952,540

9,540

1 Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.
20 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States 

during 2012. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to 

obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in these tables are based on counts from this survey.

Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2008-2012

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Year

June July August

Mature 1 Mature 1 Mature 1

(percent) (percent) (percent)

2008 ....................................

2009 ....................................

2010 ....................................

2011 ....................................

2012 ....................................

9

5

8

24

57

59

57

58

60

77

86

91

87

86

1

Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature.
Crop Production (July 2012) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Heads per Square Foot – Selected States: 2008-2012

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Colorado

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Illinois

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Kansas

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Missouri

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Montana

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Nebraska

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Ohio .................................................

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Oklahoma ........................................

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Texas

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

Washington

July ...................................................

August ..............................................

Final .................................................

37.8

38.8

38.8

63.9

63.2

63.2

44.7

44.7

44.7

61.5

53.2

53.2

38.6

39.4

39.4

44.9

47.6

47.6

58.4

61.0

61.0

41.8

41.8

41.8

30.6

31.0

31.5

38.4

36.6

36.6

44.0

44.1

43.9

58.1

58.4

58.4

45.5

45.5

45.5

49.7

49.7

49.7

37.1

35.8

36.0

51.5

50.8

50.8

57.8

58.2

58.2

38.7

38.7

38.7

35.2

35.2

35.1

36.0

35.6

35.4

47.3

48.6

48.6

44.5

44.5

44.5

44.6

44.6

44.6

39.8

39.2

39.2

44.7

44.7

45.0

47.1

48.1

48.1

62.1

62.1

62.1

36.5

36.5

36.5

35.9

35.9

35.9

40.2

39.2

39.2

45.3

45.0

45.0

60.0

60.1

60.1

42.2

42.2

42.2

50.7

48.9

48.9

44.3

46.7

46.9

54.3

54.6

54.6

56.1

56.2

56.2

37.7

37.7

37.7

32.7

32.8

32.9

41.3

41.5

41.4

41.0

56.5

46.5

49.9

44.1

50.7

58.3

47.7

34.3

37.3

1

Final head counts will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.
22 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (July 2012) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

June Weather Summary

Rapidly expanding drought and a record-setting, late-month heat wave severely stressed pastures and summer crops, 

especially from the central Plains into the Midwest and Mid-South. Monthly rainfall totaled less than 50 percent of normal 

in a broad area centered on the lower Ohio and middle Mississippi Valleys. By month’s end, approximately 60 percent of 

the Nation’s corn and soybean acreage was within an area experiencing drought, according to the United States Drought 

Monitor. Drought-free areas of the Midwest were restricted to the northern and western Corn Belt.

The central Plains experienced the Nation’s most persistent June heat, but the northern and southern Plains were also 

dominated by hot, dry conditions. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 5 degrees Fahrenheit above normal throughout 

the central High Plains. However, heat and dryness across the Nation’s midsection favored a rapid winter wheat harvest 

pace. Most areas west of the Rockies also received little or no rain, except for unseasonably heavy showers in the 

Northwest. Several dozen wildfires raged in the Rockies and Intermountain West, although the late-month arrival of 

monsoon showers aided containment efforts in the Southwest.

Elsewhere, heavy rain was mostly restricted to New England and the lower Southeast. In the latter region, Tropical Storm 

Debby - which made landfall along Florida’s Gulf Coast on June 26 - contributed to the overall wet pattern.

June Agricultural Summary

Above average temperatures and mostly sunny skies dominated the heart of the United States during June, providing 

producers ample time to complete fieldwork and boosting phenological development of this year’s crops. However, the 

combination of high temperatures and below average rainfall negatively impacted row crop conditions in many areas. 

Temperatures climbed to more than 6 degrees above normal in portions of the central Great Plains and Rocky Mountains, 

while rainfall accumulations totaled less than 50 percent of normal in areas of the Corn Belt, Delta, Great Plains, Rocky 

Mountains, and Southwest. Elsewhere, temperatures along the coasts were near to below normal. Rainfall in the Pacific 

Northwest, as well as Florida, Maine, and portions of the Great Lakes region totaled more than 200 percent of normal.

Following one of the quickest planting paces on record, 97 percent of the Nation’s corn crop was emerged by June 3, 

twenty-two percentage points ahead of last year and 14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Scarce rainfall 

coupled with record-breaking temperatures created unfavorable growing conditions in many of the major corn-producing 

regions. Prolonged dryness led to early-month reports of rootless corn syndrome in portions of Missouri, while the need 

for additional moisture was evident in many Iowa corn fields with wilted plant leaves. Silking was underway mid-month, 

with 5 percent of the crop reported in the critical reproductive stage by June 17, three percentage points ahead of both last 

year and the 5-year average. Despite continually declining soil moisture levels, silking was rapid during the latter half of 

the month as sunny skies promoted crop development. As July began, one-quarter of this year’s corn crop was at or 

beyond the silking stage, 20 percentage points ahead of last year and 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. 

Overall, 48 percent of the corn crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 1, compared with 72 percent on 

June 3 and 69 percent from the same time last year. This represents the lowest good to excellent rating for this week since 

1988 when 23 percent of the crop was reported in good to excellent condition.

Nearly three-quarters of this year’s sorghum crop was planted by June 3, well ahead of both last year and the 5-year 

average. In Kansas, planting was over a week ahead of normal as sunny skies provided ample time for fieldwork. 

Fieldwork continued at a steady pace in most of the major sorghum-producing States, and by June 17, ninety percent of 

the crop was in the ground, 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Heading was underway but limited to 

Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas by June 17. Toward month’s end, extremely dry conditions in South Central 

Texas resulted in some sorghum fields being plowed under. Elsewhere, triple-digit heat coupled with little to no 

measurable rainfall led to deterioration of sorghum condition ratings in Kansas. As July began, 17 percent of this year’s 

crop was at or beyond the coloring stage, with activity evident in the lower Delta and Texas. Sorghum fields in southern 

Texas were reported as growing well, with 19 percent of the State’s crop harvested by July 1. Overall, 34 percent of the 

sorghum crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 1, compared with 50 percent on June 3 and 36 percent 

from the same time last year.
24 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

With favorable weather conditions promoting a rapid crop development pace, over half of the Nation’s oat crop was at or 

beyond the heading stage by June 3. In Texas, harvest, at 77 percent complete, was 25 percentage points ahead of normal 

as sweltering temperatures promoted a quick dry down pace. Crop development gained speed as the month progressed, 

and by June 17, heading was 20 percentage points or more ahead of normal in all estimating States except Texas where 

heading was complete and harvest was nearing completion. Harvest was underway but limited to Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, 

and Texas by June 24. Nearly a full week of days suitable for fieldwork allowed producers in Nebraska time to harvest 

45 percent of their crop during the week ending July 1. As July began, heading was 97 percent complete, 30 percentage 

points ahead of last year and 18 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Producers had harvested 15 percent of this 

year’s oat crop by July 1, six percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Overall, 65 percent of the 

oat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 1, compared with 72 percent on June 3 and 59 percent from 

the same time last year.

Ninety-six percent of the Nation’s barley crop was emerged by June 3, forty-one percentage points ahead of last year and 

15 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Heading was underway across portions of the Northern Tier as above 

average temperatures boosted crop growth. Hot, dry conditions in during the last week of June in Idaho, Montana, and 

North Dakota – where over 60 percent of the barley crop is produced – dried out soils and stressed this year’s crop, 

although rapid head development continued throughout the month. By July 1, sixty-one percent of the barley crop was at 

or beyond the heading stage, 28 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 61 percent of the barley crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition on July 1, compared with 69 percent on June 3 and 76 percent from the same time 

last year.

With progress complete or nearly complete in areas other than the Northern Tier, heading of the 2012 winter wheat crop 

had advanced to 88 percent complete by June 3, eleven percentage points ahead of last year and 8 percentage points ahead 

of the 5-year average. Harvest was underway in most southern locations as warm, sunny days provided ample time for 

fieldwork. In Arkansas, harvest neared completion three weeks ahead of normal as hot temperatures throughout the 

growing season quickly matured the crop. Heading was steady across the Northern Tier throughout the month, and by 

June 24, heads were present in 98 percent of the Nation’s crop. Persistently hot temperatures aided a rapid dry down pace 

for most of the major winter wheat-producing States allowing harvest to advance quickly during June. By July 1, 

producers had harvested 69 percent of this year’s crop, 20 percentage points ahead of last year and 26 percentage points 

ahead of the 5-year average, and one of the fastest harvest paces on record. Overall, 54 percent of the winter wheat crop 

was reported in good to excellent condition as harvest surpassed the halfway point during the week ending June 24, up 

2 percentage points from ratings on June 3 and 19 percentage points better than the same time last year.

Heading of the spring wheat crop was 3 percent complete by June 3, three percentage points ahead of both last year and 

the 5-year average. Warmer than normal temperatures promoted an accelerated crop development pace for most States 

during the month. By June 24, head development in Minnesota and the Dakotas was 49 percentage point or more ahead of 

normal. Conversely, unseasonably cool temperatures and wet fields in Washington delayed crop growth. As July began, 

nearly three-quarters of the spring wheat crop was at or beyond the heading stage. In North Dakota, the largest spring 

wheat-producing State, 42 percent of the crop was reported in the milk stage with 3 percent turning color, both ahead of 

normal. Overall, 71 percent of the spring wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 1, compared with 

78 percent on June 3 and 70 percent from the same time last year.

As June began, emergence of the rice crop was complete or nearly complete in all States except California. As of June 10, 

heading was underway but limited to the lower Delta and Texas. Warm temperatures promoted a rapid pace for crop 

development throughout much of June. By June 24, over half of Louisiana’s rice fields were at or beyond the heading 

stage, with progress 29 percentage points ahead of normal. Toward month’s end, producers in Louisiana were busy 

draining fields in preparation for harvest. In Arkansas, heading was 14 percent complete by July 1, twelve percentage 

points ahead of the average pace. Nationally, 20 percent of the rice crop was at or beyond the heading stage by July 1, 

eleven percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 72 percent of the crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on July 1, compared with 65 percent on June 3 and 60 percent from the same time last year.

Soybean producers were wrapping up planting this year’s crop as the month began, with overall progress 20 percentage 

points or more ahead of normal in 11 of the 18 major estimating States by June 3. Warmer than normal temperatures 

promoted rapid crop emergence in most States early in the month, and by June 17, emergence had advanced to 95 percent 
Crop Production (July 2012) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

complete, 18 percentage points ahead of last year and 14 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Blooming was 

underway throughout most of the major soybean-producing region by June 17, but was most advanced in the Delta. 

Above average temperatures promoted steady phenological development throughout the month, but - when coupled with a 

severe lack of soil moisture - negatively impacted crop conditions. As July began, over a quarter of the soybean crop was 

at or beyond the blooming stage, well ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Overall, 45 percent of the soybean 

crop was reported in good to excellent condition, compared with 65 percent on June 3 and 66 percent from the same time 

last year. This represents the lowest good to excellent rating for this week since 1988 when 18 percent of the crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition.

Despite much-needed, heavy rainfall in many Mid- to Southern Atlantic Coast States, producers were busy planting this 

year’s peanut crop at a steady pace in early June. By June 10, ninety-six percent of the crop was in the ground, 

5 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Georgia producers in most locations were busy 

applying gypsum to their peanut fields, while rainfall delayed herbicide applications in portions of the State. Over a 

quarter of the crop was pegging by June 24, well ahead of the 5-year average; however, peanuts in the Carolinas were 

reported as growing slower than normal. Overall, 68 percent of the peanut crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on July 1, compared with 61 percent on June 3 and 30 percent from the same time last year.

By June 3, sunflower producers had planted 60 percent of this year’s crop, 36 percentage points ahead of last year and 

19 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In North Dakota, the largest sunflower-producing State, planting was 

complete and 91 percent of the crop had emerged by June 17. Despite persistently hot temperatures and unusually dry 

soils, 68 percent or more of the sunflower crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 1 in the Dakotas. 

Conversely, 36 percent or less of the crop was in good to excellent condition in Colorado and Kansas. By July 1, 

blooming was evident in Kansas and North Dakota.

With relatively dry weather dominating much of the South early in the month, cotton producers had ample time to 

complete fieldwork. Planting was 87 percent complete by June 3, four percentage points ahead of both last year and the 

5-year average, with 11 percent of the crop at or beyond the squaring stage. Strong winds, blowing dust, and hail damaged 

some recently emerged cotton in the Texas Panhandle during early June. Favorable weather during the week ending 

June 17 spurred double-digit square development in 9 of the 15 major estimating States. By June 17, twenty-seven percent 

of the cotton crop was at or beyond the squaring stage, 8 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. 

Boll setting was underway mid-month but limited to Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. Producers in the 

High Plains of Texas were busy irrigating fields and spraying insecticides to battle aphids and flea hoppers in late-June. 

By July 1, squaring had advanced to 49 percent complete, slightly ahead of the 5-year average, while 14 percent of the 

cotton crop was setting bolls, 2 percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. During the 7 days ending 

July 1, warmer than normal temperatures in the Delta promoted a rapid boll setting pace evidenced by progress of 

22 percentage points or more in all three States. Overall, 47 percent of the cotton crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on July 1, compared with 54 percent on June 3 and 28 percent from the same time last year.

Crop Comments

Oats: Production is forecast at 65.3 million bushels, up 22 percent from the record low production in 2011. If realized, 

this will be the second lowest production on record. Based on conditions as of July 1, the average yield for the United 

States is forecast at 59.8 bushels per acre, up 2.7 bushels from 2011. Growers expect to harvest 1.09 million acres for 

grain or seed, unchanged from Acreage report released June 29, 2012 but up 16 percent from the record low last year.

Yield increases from last year are expected in the Northern Great Plains, Texas, and the upper Northeast due to more 

favorable growing conditions. However, yield decreases are expected in several Corn Belt States due to hot, dry weather. 

Overall, the oat crop has developed ahead of normal pace in most of the nine major producing States, mainly due to an 

earlier than normal planting season. As of July 1, ninety-seven percent of the oat acreage was headed, 30 percentage 

points ahead of last year’s pace and 18 points ahead of the 5-year average. By July 1, fifteen percent of the oat acreage 

was harvested, 6 points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Harvest progress was running ahead of the 5-year 

average in all States except North Dakota and South Dakota, where harvest had yet to begin. On July 1, sixty-five percent 

of the oat crop was rated as good to excellent, compared with 59 percent last year.
26 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Barley: Production for the 2012 barley crop is forecast at 217 million bushels, up 39 percent from 2011. Based on 

conditions as of July 1, the average yield for the United States is forecast at 66.3 bushels per acre, down 3.3 bushels from 

last year. Area harvested for grain or seed, at 3.27 million acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 

46 percent from 2011.

As April began, barley producers across much of the country were busy seeding this year’s crop, with progress advancing 

ahead of the normal pace in most States. Conversely, cool spring temperatures coupled with excessively wet fields in 

Washington limited fieldwork. Emergence was underway by April 15. Sunny skies and adequate soil moisture levels 

promoted one of the quickest seeding paces on record. By May 20, ninety-eight percent of the Nation’s barley crop was in 

the ground, 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With the exception of Washington, emergence in the five 

major estimating States neared completion toward the end of May. Head development was evident in most States in 

early-June, and continued to progress rapidly in most locations as warmer than normal temperatures boosted crop growth 

throughout the month. Overall, 61 percent of the barley crop was reported in good to excellent condition on July 1, 

compared with 69 percent on June 3 and 76 percent from the same time last year.

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.67 billion bushels, down 1 percent from the June 1 forecast but up 12 percent 

from 2011. Based on July 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 47.7 bushels per acre, up 0.4 bushel from last 

month and 1.5 bushels more than last year. Expected grain area totals 35.0 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage

report released on June 29, 2012 but up 8 percent from last year.

As of July 1, harvest progress was significantly ahead of normal in all Hard Red Winter (HRW) States except Montana, 

where harvest had not yet begun. Harvest was complete or nearing completion in several States. Yield increases from last 

month in the HRW growing area are expected in Kansas and Nebraska, but down in Colorado and Montana.

As of July 1, harvest progress in the Soft Red Winter (SRW) growing area was ahead of normal in all major producing 

States. Yield increases from last year are expected in several Corn Belt States and the Central Great Plains. Yield 

decreases from last month are expected in the upper Northeast and Southeast. South Carolina is expecting the most 

significant yield decrease due to tropical storm damage. Yield forecasts in the Pacific Northwest States are unchanged 

from the previous month’s levels.

Durum wheat: Production is forecast at 82.0 million bushels, up 62 percent from 2011. The United States yield is 

forecast at 38.6 bushels per acre, up 0.1 bushel from last year’s yield. Expected area to be harvested for grain totals 

2.12 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released June 29, 2012 but up 62 percent from last year.

Due to warmer than normal temperatures, crop development is significantly ahead of normal in Montana and North 

Dakota, the two largest Durum-producing States. As of July 1, crop condition in Montana and North Dakota was rated 87 

and 83 percent good to excellent, respectively. Heading progress in these States was 35 and 53 percentage points ahead of 

the 5-year average, respectively. Yield forecasts are up from last year in all major producing States except Montana, 

where hot and dry conditions have hindered the crop. If realized, California’s yield of 110 bushels per acre will tie a 

record high.

Other spring wheat: Production is forecast at 472 million bushels, up 4 percent from last year. Area harvested for grain 

is expected to total 11.7 million acres, unchanged from the Acreage report released June 29, 2012 but down 3 percent 

from last year. The United States yield is forecast at 40.4 bushels per acre, 2.7 bushels above 2011.

Above average temperatures have advanced crop development across the Northern Great Plains. In the six major 

producing States, 73 percent of the crop was at or beyond the heading stage as of July 1, sixty-one percentage points 

ahead of last year and 38 points greater than the 5-year average. 

Compared with last year, yield increases are expected in Minnesota and the Dakotas, where showers and thunderstorms 

have provided needed moisture. Growers in Oregon expect a record high yield. A significant yield decrease from last year 

is expected in Idaho due to freezing temperatures earlier in the season and lack of moisture.
Crop Production (July 2012) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Lentils: Planted area is estimated at 478,000 acres, up 12 percent from last season. Harvested area is forecast at 

461,000 acres, up 12 percent from last year.

In Montana, 94 percent of the crop had emerged by June 3, compared with 46 percent last year. As of July 1, 

sixty-five percent of the crop was blooming, compared with 18 percent a year ago. Crop condition was rated mostly in the 

good to excellent range, despite continued hot dry conditions.

In North Dakota, planting began in early April, two weeks ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 20, planting was 

98 percent complete. As of July 1, eighty-one percent was flowering, with crop condition reported as 78 percent good to 

excellent.

Dry edible peas: Planted area of dry edible peas is estimated at 600,000 acres, up 66 percent from 2011. Area for harvest, 

at 573,500 acres, is 67 percent above a year ago. 

In North Dakota, planting began in early April, two weeks ahead of the 5-year average. As of May 20, planting was 

98 percent complete and 81 percent was flowering as of July 1. Condition of the crop was rated 78 percent good to 

excellent. In Montana, 96 percent of the crop emerged as of May 27, compared with 18 percent last year. As of July 1, dry 

peas were 87 percent blooming compared with 28 percent last year. Crop condition was rated mostly good to excellent.

Austrian winter peas: Planted area of Austrian winter peas is estimated at 19,000 acres, up 6 percent from a year ago. 

Area harvested is expected to total 11,500 acres, down 7 percent from 2011.

Tobacco: United States all flue-cured tobacco production is forecast at 432 million pounds, up 25 percent from the 2011 

crop. Area harvested, at 199,000 acres, is 4 percent below last year. Yield per acre is forecast at 2,173 pounds, up 507 

pounds from a year ago. As of July 1, the North Carolina crop was rated in mostly fair to good condition. Production 

levels recovered from last year’s hurricane damage. Many farmers started to irrigate as weather has been extremely hot in 

many growing areas. The crop in Virginia was progressing well with the majority rated in fair to good condition. 

South Carolina production has been affected by unusually cool, wet weather which led to some reports of thin and 

yellowing plants. Georgia flue-cured acreage was reported mostly in fair to good condition as of July 1. Temperatures for 

the past month were above normal and rainfall was very spotty.

All potatoes: Potato growers across the United States planted an estimated 1.15 million acres of potatoes in all four 

seasons of the 2012 crop year, up 5 percent from the previous year. Area for harvest, forecast at 1.13 million acres, is up 

5 percent from 2011.

Summer potatoes: Production of summer potatoes is forecast at 16.3 million cwt, up 25 percent from 2011. Harvested 

area is estimated at 47,500 acres, 3 percent above last year. Average yield is forecast at 342 cwt per acre, up 60 cwt from 

2011.

Mid-Atlantic potato acreage benefitted from timely rains and hot weather leading to excellent growth. In Colorado, an 

early Spring allowed growers to plant ahead of schedule but yields were reportedly variable due to limited water 

availability. 

Fall potatoes: Area planted to fall potatoes in 2012 is estimated at 1.00 million acres, up 5 percent from the 2011 crop 

year. Harvested area forecast at 990,800 acres, is up 6 percent from 2011.

In Idaho, acreage is at the highest level since 2007. In Washington, planted acreage is the highest since 2000. In the 

eastern United States, a warm, dry spring allowed planting to progress ahead of schedule. Maine growers reported optimal 

growing conditions due to warm weather and timely rainfall. In North Dakota, potato emergence was ahead of average in 

May and June and topsoil moisture was reported to be adequate to surplus in the major growing areas. 

Apricots: The 2012 apricot crop is forecast at 67,780 tons, up 2 percent from last year. The California crop represents 

89 percent of the total United States production. Harvest in California continued throughout the Central and San Joaquin 
28 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Valley and is expected to conclude in late July. The quality of the crop was reported as good, though the fruit sizing was 

slightly smaller than expected.

Washington's crop recovered following last year’s frost damaged crop. A moderate winter followed by mild spring 

conditions resulted in an excellent bloom and good pollination. Most of Utah experienced an unusually warm spring 

which led growers to expect a higher production level than last year.

Almonds: The 2012 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at a record 2.10 billion pounds, up 3 percent 

from the 2011 production of 2.03 billion pounds. Weather was warm and dry during February which created favorable 

blooming conditions. Disease and insect pressure have been minimal.

Grapefruit: The 2011-2012 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.13 million tons, down 2 percent from the 

previous forecast and down 11 percent from last season’s final utilization. The route survey conducted in Florida showed 

99 percent of the grapefruit rows were harvested.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 648,000 tons, up 7 percent 

from the previous forecast and up 3 percent from the 2010-2011 crop. Harvest was complete in Florida and Arizona.

Lemons: The forecast for the 2011-2012 United States lemon crop is 830,000 tons, up 2 percent from the April 1 forecast 

but down 10 percent from the previous season’s final utilization. Arizona’s lemon crop is down 6 percent from the 

April 1 forecast and down 70 percent from last season due to damage from a major freeze in February 2011. California 

lemon production is up 3 percent from the previous forecast but down 2 percent from last season. The California lemon 

harvest was completed in the San Joaquin Valley and continued in the southern coastal region.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from both the previous forecast and 

last season’s final utilization.

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, weather stations reported high temperatures in the low to mid 90s. Rainfall 

was moderate across the citrus producing region during the first two weeks of the month until Tropical Storm Debby 

brought significant rainfall across Florida. Drought conditions were overcome in the citrus producing region after the 

storm, with the exception of the area located west of Lake Okeechobee and south to Collier County, which reported 

abnormally dry conditions. Harvesting of Valencia oranges finished. Fertilizer application, summer oil spraying, young 

tree care and grove maintenance were the primary grove activities during the month.

California citrus: Harvest of Valencia oranges and lemons continued. Harvest of late navel oranges was nearly complete.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: In the San Joaquin Valley, harvest of plums, plumcots, peaches, and nectarines 

continued. Harvest of stone fruits also continued in the Sacramento Valley. Cling peaches were thinned. Cherry and 

apricot harvests neared completion across the State. Apple and pear bloom was complete and fruit began to develop. 

Kiwis were flowering. Figs were leafing out and setting fruit. Jujubes were in bloom. Table grapes in the Coachella 

Valley were being harvested. Vineyards across the State were sprayed for weeds and powdery mildew. In the Napa 

Valley, follow up pesticide applications for European Grapevine Moth were being made. Pomegranates were in bloom 

and fruit was beginning to develop. Olive bloom was complete. Blueberries and strawberries were being picked and 

packed. Almond nuts continued to develop with some limbs bowing due to a heavy crop. Growers prepared for hull split 

sprays, while spraying for the first generation of the Walnut Coddling Moth was completed. Pistachio shells were 

hardening.
Crop Production (July 2012) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between June 24 and July 6 to 

gather information on expected yield as of July 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted 

for 60 percent of the 2011 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported 

acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made 

within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and 

number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with 

similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to 

obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and 

weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting 

loss.

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal 

interviewers. Approximately 8,900 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the 

probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the July 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

accounts for 73 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season 

based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or 

special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous 

components, are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer 

surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys 

in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers and packers in California and Texas were 

also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural 

Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published July 1 forecast.

Revision policy: The July 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in September’s Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on 

all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and 

processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the July 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the July 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final 

end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent 

years.
30 Crop Production (July 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the July 1 winter wheat production forecast is 2.0 percent. This means that chances are 

2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 2.0 percent. 

Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 3.4 percent. Differences between 

the July 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 24 million 

bushels, ranging from less than 1 million to 65 million bushels. The July 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 

10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the July 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or 

overstate final production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the July 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the three 

abnormal production seasons (one freeze and two hurricane seasons), the “Root Mean Square Error” is 1.4 percent. This 

means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final estimates 

by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.4 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence 

level) that the difference will not exceed 2.5 percent, or 2.4 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. 

Changes between the July 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 124,000 tons 

(117,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 14,000 tons to 370,000 tons when including or excluding 

abnormal seasons. The July 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below 

5 times and above 12 times, excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the July 1 forecast this year

is likely to understate or overstate final production.
Crop Production (July 2012) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Bryan Durham – Oats, Rye, Wheat.................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Hay.................................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries..................................... (202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits ........................................ (202) 720-5412

 Dave Losh – Hops............................................................................................................................ (360) 709-2400 

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .............................................. (202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Follow NASS” box under “Receive reports by Email,” 

click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of 

payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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