Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released May 10, 2012, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Up 13 Percent from 2011

Orange Production Up Slightly from April

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.69 billion bushels, up 13 percent from 2011. The area expected to be harvested 

for grain or seed totals 35.6 million acres, up 10 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States 

yield is forecast at 47.6 bushels per acre, up 1.4 bushels from last year. 

Hard Red Winter, at 1.03 billion bushels, is up 32 percent from 2011. Soft Red Winter, at 428 million bushels, is down 

6 percent from last year. White Winter is down 9 percent from last year and now totals 233 million bushels. Of this total, 

14.1 million bushels are Hard White and 219 million bushels are Soft White.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2011-2012 season is 8.91 million tons, up slightly from both the April 1 

forecast and the 2010-2011 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 145 million boxes (6.53 million tons), is up 

slightly from the April 1 forecast and up 3 percent from last season’s final utilization. Early, midseason, and Navel 

varieties in Florida are forecast at 74.2 million boxes (3.34 million tons), up slightly from the April 1 forecast and up 

6 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 71.0 million boxes (3.20 million tons), is unchanged 

from the April 1 forecast but up 1 percent from the 2010-2011 crop. Harvest of Valencia oranges in Florida is ahead of 

last year. Drought conditions continue in Florida’s citrus growing regions. California and Texas production forecasts are 

carried forward from April.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2011-2012 season is 1.61 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, down 1 percent from the April forecast but up 1 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.59 gallons 

per box. The early-midseason portion is 1.56 gallons per box, up 3 percent from last season’s yield. The Valencia portion 

is projected at 1.71 gallons per box, 3 percent higher than last year’s final yield of 1.66 gallons per box. All projections of 

yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons.
2 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on May 10, 2012.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Karis T. Gutter

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (May 2012) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2012 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2012 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012 ................................................................... 6

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2010-2012......................................................... 7

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2010-2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012.............. 9

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2012 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Taro Area in Crop and Production – Hawaii: 2010 and 2011............................................................................................... 10

Almonds Utilized Production – California: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012................................................................... 10

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and 2011 ............................................. 11

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2010 and 2011.................................................................................. 11

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type – States and United States: 

2010 and 2011....................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2010 and 2011........................................ 14

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2010 and 2011 ................................................. 15

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2010 and 2011 .................................................. 16

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2007-2011................................................................................................ 16

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2007-2011 ............................................................................................ 17

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units) ......................................................... 18

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units).................................................................... 19

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units).............................................................. 20

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 21

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units).................................................................... 22

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 23

Percent of Normal Precipitation............................................................................................................................................ 24

Departure from Normal Temperature ................................................................................................................................... 24
4 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Weather Summary .......................................................................................................................................................25

April Agricultural Summary .................................................................................................................................................25

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................27

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................30

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................32
Crop Production (May 2012) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ................................

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Georgia ..................................

Idaho ......................................

Illinois .....................................

Indiana ...................................

Kansas ...................................

Kentucky .................................

Maryland .................................

Michigan .................................

Mississippi ..............................

Missouri ..................................

Montana .................................

Nebraska ................................

New York ................................

North Carolina ........................

North Dakota ..........................

Ohio ........................................

Oklahoma ...............................

Oregon ...................................

Pennsylvania ..........................

South Carolina ........................

South Dakota ..........................

Tennessee ..............................

Texas .....................................

Virginia ...................................

Washington ............................

Wisconsin ...............................

Other States 1.........................

United States ..........................

520

420

2,000

200

770

765

400

7,900

440

190

680

335

680

2,190

1,450

93

610

375

850

3,200

825

170

180

1,590

310

1,900

250

1,730

335

956

32,314

480

350

2,250

200

730

630

330

9,000

450

180

540

450

700

2,120

1,270

85

750

720

530

4,300

775

150

235

1,300

360

3,350

290

1,670

250

1,135

35,580

58.0

85.0

39.0

55.0

82.0

61.0

62.0

35.0

70.0

66.0

75.0

64.0

50.0

41.0

45.0

56.0

68.0

37.0

58.0

22.0

77.0

51.0

60.0

42.0

69.0

26.0

71.0

75.0

65.0

55.2

46.2

57.0

80.0

41.0

52.0

85.0

62.0

63.0

43.0

60.0

63.0

74.0

56.0

51.0

40.0

47.0

63.0

60.0

48.0

63.0

36.0

72.0

61.0

54.0

44.0

63.0

31.0

64.0

69.0

67.0

51.2

47.6

30,160

35,700

78,000

11,000

63,140

46,665

24,800

276,500

30,800

12,540

51,000

21,440

34,000

89,790

65,250

5,208

41,480

13,875

49,300

70,400

63,525

8,670

10,800

66,780

21,390

49,400

17,750

129,750

21,775

52,789

1,493,677

27,360

28,000

92,250

10,400

62,050

39,060

20,790

387,000

27,000

11,340

39,960

25,200

35,700

84,800

59,690

5,355

45,000

34,560

33,390

154,800

55,800

9,150

12,690

57,200

22,680

103,850

18,560

115,230

16,750

58,095

1,693,710

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary report.
6 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2012

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage

released June 2012. Yield and production will be published in Crop Production released July 2012]

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona .................................

California ..............................

Montana ................................

North Dakota .........................

Other States 1.......................

United States ........................

79

115

385

715

18

1,312

99

130

101.0

109.0

28.0

25.5

53.1

38.5

115.0

115.0

7,979

12,535

10,780

18,233

955

50,482

11,385

14,950

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2012 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicated 

estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop 2011 2012

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ....................................

Soft red .....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Spring

Hard red ....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Durum .......................................

Total .........................................

780,089

457,535

12,368

243,685

397,689

11,878

45,621

50,482

1,999,347

1,032,252

428,263

14,060

219,135
Crop Production (May 2012) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2010-2012

State

December 1 May 1

2010 2011 2011 2012

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama .........................................

Arizona ...........................................

Arkansas ........................................

California ........................................

Colorado .........................................

Connecticut ....................................

Delaware ........................................

Florida ............................................

Georgia ..........................................

Idaho ..............................................

Illinois .............................................

Indiana ...........................................

Iowa ................................................

Kansas ...........................................

Kentucky .........................................

Louisiana ........................................

Maine .............................................

Maryland .........................................

Massachusetts ................................

Michigan .........................................

Minnesota .......................................

Mississippi ......................................

Missouri ..........................................

Montana .........................................

Nebraska ........................................

Nevada ...........................................

New Hampshire ..............................

New Jersey .....................................

New Mexico ....................................

New York ........................................

North Carolina ................................

North Dakota ..................................

Ohio ................................................

Oklahoma .......................................

Oregon ...........................................

Pennsylvania ..................................

Rhode Island ..................................

South Carolina ................................

South Dakota ..................................

Tennessee ......................................

Texas .............................................

Utah ................................................

Vermont ..........................................

Virginia ...........................................

Washington ....................................

West Virginia ..................................

Wisconsin .......................................

Wyoming ........................................

United States ..................................

1,200

365

2,050

1,850

2,000

45

19

477

1,360

2,300

1,310

1,200

3,050

4,500

4,392

700

120

310

63

2,000

3,700

1,175

6,500

5,500

4,700

819

40

110

520

1,744

1,157

5,370

1,790

4,550

2,100

1,950

8

490

7,850

2,985

9,500

1,050

180

1,660

1,607

790

3,278

1,700

102,134

1,385

250

1,550

1,640

1,800

55

13

400

800

2,000

980

1,300

2,750

3,900

3,840

540

133

360

71

1,500

3,800

1,486

5,450

4,900

4,275

830

49

81

575

1,800

1,175

6,100

1,778

2,800

2,200

1,950

8

400

8,400

3,101

3,800

1,420

215

2,500

1,460

953

2,653

1,300

90,726

187

40

380

160

450

12

3

45

188

280

320

225

610

1,000

799

110

23

65

10

420

810

137

1,325

1,300

1,335

46

6

17

100

273

253

1,250

390

1,200

280

340

1

110

1,850

746

2,500

144

48

402

350

190

1,122

365

22,217

269

35

340

240

230

12

4

42

169

700

300

165

500

650

775

70

35

80

15

360

900

251

1,025

1,550

1,070

238

13

12

120

327

369

1,700

308

500

275

450

1

80

2,400

716

950

350

45

900

230

285

925

400

21,381
8 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This page intentionally left blank.
Crop Production (May 2012) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2010-2011 and

Forecasted May 1, 2012

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2010-2011 2011-2012 2010-2011 2011-2012

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and Navel 2

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Valencia

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ..............................................

Colored

 Florida ..............................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 3 4.............................................

California 3 4..........................................

Florida ..................................................

United States ........................................

Lemons 3

Arizona .................................................

California ..............................................

United States ........................................

Tangelos

Florida ..................................................

48,000

70,300

1,700

120,000

14,500

70,200

249

84,949

62,500

140,500

1,949

204,949

5,850

13,900

4,300

19,750

6,300

30,350

300

9,900

4,650

14,850

2,500

20,500

23,000

1,150

44,000

74,200

1,165

119,365

14,000

71,000

224

85,224

58,000

145,200

1,389

204,589

5,300

13,500

3,400

18,800

5,292

27,492

200

9,800

4,300

14,300

800

19,500

20,300

1,150

1,920

3,164

72

5,156

580

3,159

11

3,750

2,500

6,323

83

8,906

249

591

172

840

252

1,264

12

396

221

629

100

820

920

52

1,760

3,339

50

5,149

560

3,195

10

3,765

2,320

6,534

60

8,914

225

574

136

799

212

1,147

8

392

204

604

32

780

812

52

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in 

Arizona and California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80; tangelos-90.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines 

in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.

4

Includes tangelos and tangors.
10 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 

Forecasted May 1, 2012

State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arizona ...................

California ................

Florida .....................

 Hastings area ......

 Other areas .........

North Carolina .........

Texas ......................

United States ..........

3.8

28.1

36.4

23.4

13.0

17.0

8.0

93.3

3.5

29.5

36.9

23.6

13.3

18.0

9.8

97.7

3.8

28.0

35.6

23.1

12.5

16.5

7.6

91.5

3.5

29.5

36.3

23.3

13.0

17.5

9.3

96.1

280

390

256

270

230

170

220

279

275

395

260

260

260

200

235

289

1,064

10,920

9,112

6,237

2,875

2,805

1,672

25,573

963

11,653

9,438

6,058

3,380

3,500

2,186

27,740

Taro Area in Crop and Production – Hawaii: 2010 and 2011

State

Area in crop Production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(acres) (acres) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Hawaii ........................................... 475 485 3,900 4,100

Almonds Utilized Production – California: 2011 and Forecasted May 1, 2012

State

Utilized production (shelled basis)

2011 2012

(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

California ............................................................ 2,030,000 2,000,000
Crop Production (May 2012) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and 2011

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Connecticut .........................................

Georgia ...............................................

Kentucky ..............................................

Massachusetts .....................................

North Carolina .....................................

Ohio .....................................................

Pennsylvania .......................................

South Carolina .....................................

Tennessee ...........................................

Virginia ................................................

United States .......................................

2,600

11,400

85,200

950

168,300

2,500

8,500

16,000

22,300

19,750

337,500

2,070

11,900

77,500

570

162,300

1,600

9,700

15,500

22,000

21,900

325,040

1,582

2,350

2,133

1,867

2,095

2,050

2,349

2,250

2,051

2,243

2,128

1,494

2,250

2,221

1,570

1,550

2,100

2,129

1,700

2,062

2,197

1,841

4,112

26,790

181,760

1,774

352,625

5,125

19,965

36,000

45,740

44,299

718,190

3,092

26,775

172,140

895

251,565

3,360

20,655

26,350

45,363

48,125

598,320

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2010 and 2011

State

Price per pound Value of production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Connecticut ...........................................................

Georgia .................................................................

Kentucky ................................................................

Massachusetts .......................................................

North Carolina .......................................................

Ohio .......................................................................

Pennsylvania .........................................................

South Carolina .......................................................

Tennessee .............................................................

Virginia ..................................................................

United States 1.......................................................

(D)

1.730

1.703

(D)

1.671

1.630

1.675

1.760

2.058

1.772

1.782

(D)

1.740

1.934

(D)

1.679

1.690

1.680

1.660

2.157

1.789

1.815

(D)

46,347

309,468

(D)

589,085

8,354

33,445

63,360

94,140

78,479

1,279,920

(D)

46,589

332,993

(D)

422,380

5,678

35,314

43,741

97,859

81,089

1,084,039

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1 Excludes estimated 2011 Connecticut Valley Shade-grown value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts.
12 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type – States and 

United States: 2010 and 2011

Class, type, and State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 

pounds)

(1,000 

pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ..................................................................................

North Carolina ........................................................................

South Carolina .......................................................................

Virginia ...................................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ................................................................................

Tennessee .............................................................................

Virginia ...................................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ............................................................................

 North Carolina ....................................................................

 Ohio ...................................................................................

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

 Tennessee .........................................................................

 Virginia ...............................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) .................................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) .........................................

Kentucky ................................................................................

Tennessee .............................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ........................................................................

 Massachusetts ...................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ........................................................................

 Massachusetts ...................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) ......................................................

All tobacco

United States .........................................................................

11,400

166,000

16,000

17,500

210,900

8,800

6,200

650

15,650

72,000

2,300

2,500

4,200

15,000

1,600

97,600

2,200

99,800

4,400

1,100

5,500

2,100

1,950

850

2,800

650

100

750

5,650

337,500

11,900

160,000

15,500

19,500

206,900

9,100

6,900

400

16,400

64,000

2,300

1,600

5,000

14,000

2,000

88,900

3,000

91,900

4,400

1,100

5,500

1,700

1,350

440

1,790

720

130

850

4,340

325,040

2,350

2,100

2,250

2,280

2,140

3,300

2,900

2,090

3,091

1,950

1,750

2,050

2,400

1,660

1,900

1,922

2,250

1,929

2,800

2,600

2,760

2,350

1,625

1,890

1,706

1,450

1,670

1,480

1,915

2,128

2,250

1,550

1,700

2,230

1,666

3,400

2,890

2,100

3,154

2,000

1,550

2,100

2,200

1,610

1,900

1,938

2,000

1,940

3,000

2,620

2,924

2,150

1,650

1,680

1,658

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,761

1,841

26,790

348,600

36,000

39,900

451,290

29,040

17,980

1,359

48,379

140,400

4,025

5,125

10,080

24,900

3,040

187,570

4,950

192,520

12,320

2,860

15,180

4,935

3,169

1,607

4,776

943

167

1,110

10,821

718,190

26,775

248,000

26,350

43,485

344,610

30,940

19,941

840

51,721

128,000

3,565

3,360

11,000

22,540

3,800

172,265

6,000

178,265

13,200

2,882

16,082

3,655

2,228

739

2,967

864

156

1,020

7,642

598,320

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (May 2012) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value by Class and Type – States and 

United States: 2010 and 2011 (continued)

Class, type, and State

Price per pound

pound

Value of production

production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ....................................................................................

North Carolina ..........................................................................

South Carolina ..........................................................................

Virginia .....................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ...................................................................................

Tennessee ................................................................................

Virginia .....................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ...............................................................................

 North Carolina ......................................................................

 Ohio ......................................................................................

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

 Tennessee ............................................................................

 Virginia .................................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) ....................................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky ...................................................................................

Tennessee ................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ...........................................................................

 Massachusetts ......................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ...........................................................................

 Massachusetts ......................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) .........................................................

All tobacco 1

United States ............................................................................

1.730

1.670

1.760

1.770

1.690

2.450

2.530

2.000

2.467

1.500

1.720

1.630

1.700

1.700

1.690

1.549

1.550

1.549

2.250

2.210

2.242

1.750

5.750

4.250

5.245

(D)

(D)

29.000

6.088

1.782

1.740

1.680

1.660

1.670

1.682

2.550

2.590

2.030

2.557

1.750

1.610

1.690

1.800

1.760

1.780

1.751

1.550

1.744

2.280

2.270

2.278

1.700

6.200

6.200

6.200

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

1.815

46,347

582,162

63,360

70,623

762,492

71,148

45,489

2,718

119,355

210,600

6,923

8,354

17,136

42,330

5,138

290,481

7,673

298,154

27,720

6,321

34,041

8,636

18,222

6,830

25,052

(D)

(D)

32,190

65,878

1,279,920

46,589

416,640

43,741

72,620

579,590

78,897

51,647

1,705

132,249

224,000

5,740

5,678

19,800

39,670

6,764

301,652

9,300

310,952

30,096

6,542

36,638

6,214

13,814

4,582

18,396

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

1,084,039

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1

The 2011 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown.
14 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2010 and 2011

Type and State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas ..................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

340.0

195.0

545.0

124.0

92.0

1,330.0

51.0

255.0

420.0

310.0

48.0

550.0

285.0

202.0

390.0

5,550.0

83.0

10,770.0

2.5

182.0

2.7

17.0

204.2

340.0

197.5

545.0

306.0

92.0

1,330.0

51.0

255.0

420.0

310.0

50.7

550.0

285.0

202.0

390.0

5,567.0

83.0

10,974.2

460.0

250.0

680.0

182.0

122.0

1,600.0

80.0

295.0

630.0

375.0

70.0

805.0

415.0

303.0

495.0

7,550.0

116.0

14,428.0

10.0

274.0

3.4

20.0

307.4

460.0

260.0

680.0

456.0

122.0

1,600.0

80.0

295.0

630.0

375.0

73.4

805.0

415.0

303.0

495.0

7,570.0

116.0

14,735.4

338.0

193.0

540.0

123.0

89.0

1,315.0

50.0

249.0

410.0

308.0

47.0

545.0

270.0

201.0

387.0

5,350.0

82.0

10,497.0

2.5

180.0

2.7

16.5

201.7

338.0

195.5

540.0

303.0

89.0

1,315.0

50.0

249.0

410.0

308.0

49.7

545.0

270.0

201.0

387.0

5,366.5

82.0

10,698.7

443.0

248.0

660.0

181.0

118.0

1,495.0

65.0

290.0

605.0

367.0

58.0

800.0

70.0

301.0

490.0

2,850.0

115.0

9,156.0

10.0

273.0

3.4

18.5

304.9

443.0

258.0

660.0

454.0

118.0

1,495.0

65.0

290.0

605.0

367.0

61.4

800.0

70.0

301.0

490.0

2,868.5

115.0

9,460.9

682

1,517

1,045

1,483

766

821

787

842

993

1,068

1,174

838

750

898

845

703

732

805

845

1,237

836

902

1,200

682

1,509

1,045

1,337

766

821

787

842

993

1,068

1,156

838

750

898

845

704

732

812

742

1,548

929

1,474

744

791

510

846

952

969

1,059

616

597

828

796

589

676

772

960

1,380

875

1,038

1,340

742

1,526

929

1,418

744

791

510

846

952

969

1,049

616

597

828

796

592

676

790
Crop Production (May 2012) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2010 and 2011

Type and State

Production in

480-pound net weight

bales 1

Lint seed

ratio 2

Bales ginned in

480-pound net weight

bales 3

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000 bales) (1,000 bales) (ratio) (ratio) (bales) (bales)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas .................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

480.0

610.0

1,176.0

380.0

142.0

2,250.0

82.0

437.0

848.0

685.0

115.0

951.0

422.0

376.0

681.0

7,840.0

125.0

17,600.0

4.4

464.0

4.7

31.0

504.1

480.0

614.4

1,176.0

844.0

142.0

2,250.0

82.0

437.0

848.0

685.0

119.7

951.0

422.0

376.0

681.0

7,871.0

125.0

18,104.1

685.0

800.0

1,277.0

556.0

183.0

2,465.0

69.0

511.0

1,200.0

741.0

128.0

1,026.0

87.0

519.0

813.0

3,500.0

162.0

14,722.0

20.0

785.0

6.2

40.0

851.2

685.0

820.0

1,277.0

1,341.0

183.0

2,465.0

69.0

511.0

1,200.0

741.0

134.2

1,026.0

87.0

519.0

813.0

3,540.0

162.0

15,573.2

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.412

(NA)

(NA)

0.440

(NA)

0.433

0.418

(NA)

(NA)

0.437

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.412

(NA)

(NA)

0.442

(NA)

0.431

0.415

(NA)

(NA)

0.437

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.409

(NA)

(NA)

473,950

577,200

1,128,250

411,050

120,950

2,279,450

83,550

446,650

832,800

727,050

44,250

971,650

406,400

367,400

681,250

7,920,200

110,550

17,582,600

4,350

463,650

5,850

29,450

503,300

473,950

581,550

1,128,250

874,700

120,950

2,279,450

83,550

446,650

832,800

727,050

50,100

971,650

406,400

367,400

681,250

7,949,650

110,550

18,085,900

702,350

755,050

1,226,750

599,450

136,500

2,496,950

71,050

524,900

1,173,400

779,250

62,900

1,063,450

71,450

499,400

827,700

3,577,700

140,800

14,709,050

20,500

783,200

7,650

37,600

848,950

702,350

775,550

1,226,750

1,382,650

136,500

2,496,950

71,050

524,900

1,173,400

779,250

70,550

1,063,450

71,450

499,400

827,700

3,615,300

140,800

15,558,000

(NA) Not available.

1 Production ginned and to be ginned.

2 Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average.

3 Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement.
16 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2010 and 2011

State

Production

Farm disposition

Seed for

planting Sales to 2

oil mills Other 1

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama ......................

Arizona ........................

Arkansas ......................

California .....................

Florida ..........................

Georgia ........................

Kansas .........................

Louisiana .....................

Mississippi ...................

Missouri .......................

New Mexico .................

North Carolina ..............

Oklahoma ....................

South Carolina .............

Tennessee ...................

Texas ...........................

Virginia .........................

United States ...............

149.0

219.5

404.0

330.0

40.0

704.0

30.0

138.0

291.0

237.0

41.6

287.0

146.0

123.0

235.0

2,685.0

38.0

6,098.1

215.0

299.0

437.0

565.0

53.0

756.0

26.0

166.0

421.0

341.0

45.0

313.0

31.0

154.0

272.0

1,228.0

48.0

5,370.0

15.0

-

331.0

75.0

32.0

379.0

-

94.0

226.0

155.0

-

49.0

122.0

75.0

227.0

1,474.0

-

3,254.0

35.0

-

355.0

92.0

52.0

407.0

-

132.0

318.0

232.0

-

29.0

23.0

64.0

244.0

712.0

-

2,695.0

134.0

219.5

73.0

255.0

8.0

325.0

30.0

44.0

65.0

82.0

41.6

238.0

24.0

48.0

8.0

1,211.0

38.0

2,844.1

180.0

299.0

82.0

473.0

1.0

349.0

26.0

34.0

103.0

109.0

45.0

284.0

8.0

90.0

28.0

516.0

48.0

2,675.0

2.3

2.0

4.6

4.1

0.6

8.6

0.4

1.9

4.3

2.5

0.5

5.3

2.3

1.2

3.2

53.0

1.0

97.8

2.0

1.5

4.0

3.5

0.6

7.6

0.3

1.7

4.0

2.5

0.4

4.6

1.9

1.4

2.8

47.7

0.9

87.4

- Represents zero.

1

Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses.

2

Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year.

Cotton Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2011. 

Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2007-2011

State 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

Arkansas ..............................

Georgia ................................

Louisiana .............................

Mississippi ...........................

North Carolina ......................

Texas ...................................

146

185

136

103

134

52

144

146

147

118

195

65

198

186

135

116

150

37

99

139

118

107

188

63

93

99

148

100

277

66
Crop Production (May 2012) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2007-2011

[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs 

per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State and month 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Arkansas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Georgia

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Louisiana

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Mississippi

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

North Carolina

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Texas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

790

839

849

849

849

616

570

707

708

708

796

808

841

841

841

819

745

747

747

747

527

601

625

625

625

602

538

631

632

632

943

810

852

846

846

587

613

733

742

742

655

578

579

579

579

909

679

728

722

722

667

652

702

704

704

633

513

579

573

570

1,051

814

803

794

794

571

731

712

737

740

714

792

756

788

788

925

833

717

722

722

701

730

779

777

777

613

522

502

502

502

911

893

897

894

894

609

606

686

683

683

699

755

789

781

781

864

773

776

776

776

681

675

689

689

689

658

534

589

589

589

901

845

867

868

868

531

577

659

665

666

938

948

949

949

949

898

848

874

875

875

553

610

646

646

646

540

478

515

520

520
18 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

2,559

91,921

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,496

370

2,689

1,266

5,481

(NA)

54,409

40,646

1,369

12,394

1,071.5

(X)

178

23.2

1,140.6

1.5

130.7

74,976

1,543.0

14,735.4

14,428.0

307.4

1,232.8

(NA)

(NA)

18.0

1,205.9

362.0

428.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,098.9

93.3

48.2

957.4

(NA)

134.2

(NA)

3,333

95,864

(NA)

2,863

2,561

5,950

55,908

41,709

2,223

11,976

1,557.2

(X)

289

1,422.0

73,902

1,808.0

13,155.0

12,885.0

270.0

1,241.3

(NA)

21.0

1,669.9

619.0

518.0

97.7

133.4

2,239

83,981

5,928

55,633

19,213

36,420

939

338

2,618

242

3,929

224

45,705

32,314

1,312

12,079

1,043.0

(X)

173

21.8

1,097.6

1.3

127.3

73,636

1,457.8

9,460.9

9,156.0

304.9

1,213.1

874.0

325.0

12.3

1,155.9

342.8

411.0

(NA)

6.3

29.8

74.0

1,076.7

91.5

46.0

939.2

17.3

130.3

0.5

57,348

35,580

318.0

96.1

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.
Crop Production (May 2012) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 1........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1............................................................................... bales

 Upland 1................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 1................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 1.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 1....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 1......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 1........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

69.6

147.2

18.4

2.36

3.40

1.81

57.1

27.1

7,067

26.1

54.6

10.3

43.7

46.2

38.5

37.7

1,475

(X)

16.1

718

3,313

2,177

1,333

41.5

1,398

790

772

1,340

23.7

33.5

1,841

1,463

1,716

1,641

1,151

(NA)

1,320

2,175

89

397

279

282

414

132

208

(NA)

47.6

289

155,780

12,358,412

108,926

131,144

65,332

65,812

53,649

9,149

185,009

6,326

214,443

2,298

1,999,347

1,493,677

50,482

455,188

1,538,010

5,370.0

2,791

15,644

3,636,320

2,830

169,671

3,056,032

2,038,275

15,573.2

14,722.0

851.2

28,789

29,307

598,320

180

19,833

5,625

4,732

509

8,300

64,781.6

6,570

427,406

25,573

12,960

388,873

2,286

27,041

4,100

1,693,710

27,740

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Yield in pounds.
20 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,035,600

37,199,510

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,010,110

149,740

1,088,210

512,340

2,218,110

(NA)

22,018,780

16,449,030

554,020

5,015,730

433,630

(X)

72,030

9,390

461,590

610

52,890

30,342,040

624,440

5,963,270

5,838,870

124,400

498,900

(NA)

(NA)

7,280

488,020

146,500

173,210

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

444,710

37,760

19,510

387,450

(NA)

54,310

(NA)

1,348,830

38,795,200

(NA)

1,158,630

1,036,410

2,407,910

22,625,410

16,879,220

899,630

4,846,570

630,180

(X)

116,960

575,470

29,907,400

731,680

5,323,700

5,214,430

109,270

502,340

(NA)

8,500

675,790

250,500

209,630

39,540

53,990

906,100

33,986,270

2,399,000

22,514,120

7,775,310

14,738,810

380,000

136,790

1,059,480

97,930

1,590,030

90,650

18,496,360

13,077,150

530,950

4,888,250

422,090

(X)

70,010

8,820

444,190

530

51,520

29,799,750

589,960

3,828,730

3,705,340

123,390

490,930

353,700

131,540

4,980

467,780

138,730

166,330

(NA)

2,550

12,050

29,950

435,730

37,030

18,620

380,080

7,000

52,730

200

23,208,160

14,398,870

128,670

38,890

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
Crop Production (May 2012) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per hectare Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 1.............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 1.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 1.....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.74

9.24

41.19

5.28

7.62

4.05

2.05

1.52

7.92

1.64

3.43

23.00

2.94

3.11

2.59

2.53

1.65

(X)

1.01

0.80

3.71

2.44

1.49

2.79

1.57

0.89

0.87

1.50

53.20

75.17

2.06

1.64

1.92

1.84

1.29

(NA)

1.48

2.44

0.10

44.49

31.33

31.58

46.41

0.15

23.26

(NA)

3.20

32.35

3,391,710

313,918,120

98,816,000

118,971,840

59,268,190

59,703,640

778,710

207,500

8,391,870

160,690

5,447,100

2,084,710

54,413,310

40,651,230

1,373,890

12,388,190

697,630

4,871,580

70,890

7,100

1,649,410

1,280

76,960

83,171,560

924,550

3,390,660

3,205,340

185,330

26,116,940

26,586,860

271,390

8,160

899,610

255,150

214,640

23,090

3,760

29,380

2,980

19,386,810

1,159,970

587,860

17,638,980

1,040

1,226,560

1,860

46,095,230

1,258,270

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Production may not add due to rounding.
22 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2011 2012

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ..............................................................tons

Lemons .................................................................tons

Oranges ................................................................tons

Tangelos (Florida) .................................................tons

Tangerines and mandarins ....................................tons

Noncitrus

Apples ................................................... 1,000 pounds

Apricots .................................................................tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Grapes ..................................................................tons

Olives (California) .................................................tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Peaches ................................................................tons

Pears ....................................................................tons

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ...........................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..................................tons

Pecans, in-shell ................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................tons

Maple syrup ..................................................... gallons

1,264

920

8,906

52

629

9,429.9

66.7

7,231.3

71.2

1,062.5

940.7

130.0

12.9

2,030,000

39

271,400

461

2,794

1,147

812

8,914

52

604

2,000,000

1 Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.
Crop Production (May 2012) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2011 and 2012 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2012 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2011-2012 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2011 2012

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit .......................................................................................................

Lemons ..........................................................................................................

Oranges ..........................................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) ..........................................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins .............................................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ............................................................................................................

Apricots ..........................................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) ...........................................................................................

Grapes ...........................................................................................................

Olives (California) ...........................................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) ...........................................................................................

Peaches .........................................................................................................

Pears ..............................................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ................................................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ..........................................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ..........................................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ...........................................................................

Pecans, in-shell ..............................................................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ...........................................................................

Maple syrup ....................................................................................................

1,146,680

834,610

8,079,390

47,170

570,620

4,277,330

60,460

6,560,130

64,590

963,920

853,410

117,930

11,700

920,790

35,380

123,100

418,210

13,970

1,040,540

736,630

8,086,640

47,170

547,940

907,180

1 Production years are 2010-2011 and 2011-2012.
24 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (May 2012) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Weather Summary

Most of the Nation continued to experience unusually warm weather, with record-setting April warmth noted across 

portions of the southern Plains. Monthly temperatures averaged at least 5 degrees Fahrenheit above normal at numerous 

locations on the central and southern High Plains. Cooler-than-normal weather was generally limited to areas along the 

Pacific Coast and parts of the Great Lakes region and Northeastern States. In the latter region, early-blooming fruit crops 

were threatened by a series of freezes, the worst of which struck much of Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania from 

April 27-30.

During April, significantly above average precipitation was mostly limited to the Pacific Coast States, the northern 

Rockies, southern Florida, northern Maine, and parts of the Plains and upper Midwest. Rainfall was especially important 

across the northern Plains and upper Midwest, where dryness had begun to develop in late-summer 2011.

In contrast, mostly dry weather prevailed across the eastern Corn Belt and much of the South. Planting advanced quickly 

across the dry regions, but pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops were in need of moisture in 

drought-affected areas of the southern High Plains and the lower Southeast.

Meanwhile, cool, showery weather slowed spring fieldwork and crop development in California and the Northwest. 

Elsewhere, further deterioration of water-supply prospects occurred in the Four Corners States, where April warmth 

prematurely melted already meager snowpacks.

April Agricultural Summary

Warmer than normal temperatures and generally adequate soil moisture levels during April promoted record-setting 

planting and development paces for many crops. Average temperatures were more than 8 degrees above normal in areas 

of the Rocky Mountains and Texas during the month, while near-normal temperatures prevailed along the Pacific Coast 

and throughout the Ohio Valley. Precipitation totals for the month were below normal throughout much of the United 

States. In the Southeast, dry conditions limited cotton and peanut planting in some fields. Elsewhere, moisture benefitted 

small grain development in the Great Plains while limiting fieldwork in portions of the Pacific Northwest and California.

By April 1, corn planting was active in half of the 18 major estimating States, with 3 percent of the Nation’s crop in the 

ground, slightly ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. While favorably warm early-spring weather across most of 

the major corn-producing regions promoted an early start to fieldwork, producers in some locations remained hesitant out 

of concern of a spring freeze. Warm, dry weather continued throughout the month, providing ample time for fieldwork. 

Emergence was 9 percent complete by April 22, seven percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. 

Producers continued planting at a blistering pace during the second half of the month. By April 29, fifty-three percent of 

the Nation’s crop was in the ground, 26 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with progress 21 percentage points 

or more ahead of normal in 7 of the top 10 producing States.

With activity limited to Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 13 percent of this year’s sorghum crop was planted as April 

began, 3 percentage points behind last year but on par with the 5-year average. Heavy rainfall in portions of central and 

eastern Texas delayed planting and pushed progress behind both last year and the average pace for the State. Conversely, 

producers in Arkansas utilized warm, mostly dry conditions to plant 20 percent of their crop during the week ending 

April 15, leaving progress, 48 percentage points ahead of normal. As April continued, favorable weather conditions and 

mostly adequate soil moisture levels provided ideal planting conditions in many of the major growing regions. By 

month’s end, planting was active in all States, with nearly one-quarter of the crop was planted, slightly ahead of both last 

year and normal.

Warmer than normal temperatures prompted an early start to oat seeding. By April 1, producers had seeded 48 percent of 

the Nation’s crop, 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with seeding complete in Texas. Fieldwork continued 

at a rapid pace throughout the major growing regions as the month progressed. By mid-month, seeding was 23 percentage 

points or more ahead of normal in all major estimating States. Warm temperatures aided a rapid crop development pace, 

and by April 22, fifty-eight percent of the crop was at or beyond emergence, 17 percentage points ahead of the 5-year 

average. Beneficial soil moisture levels in most locations boosted crop conditions. Overall, 73 percent of the oat crop was 
26 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

reported in good to excellent condition on April 29. With the accelerated pace of emergence this year, comparable data 

from last year was not available as this was the earliest crop conditions had ever been estimated.

Nationally, 8 percent of the barley crop was seeded by April 1, four percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, with 

progress most advanced in Idaho. Fieldwork continued at a rapid pace across much of the Northern Tier, with seeding 

well ahead of the normal pace in Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, and North Dakota by mid-month. Conversely, cooler than 

normal temperatures and precipitation hampered seeding in Washington. Emergence was well underway by April 22, 

ahead of both last year and normal, and gained speed toward month’s end. Nearly ideal weather conditions provided 

ample time for fieldwork during the second half of the month, and by April 29, two-thirds of the barley crop was seeded, 

the quickest pace on record, with emergence 21 percent complete, 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.

An unusually mild winter in many of the major winter wheat-producing regions made for early dormancy break and rapid 

crop development this spring. By April 15, twenty-nine percent of the crop was at or beyond the heading stage, 

18 percentage points ahead of last year and 21 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Above average temperatures 

and increased moisture in many southern locations improved winter wheat conditions during the month, and helped to 

maintain a fast development pace. By April 29, heading had advanced to 54 percent complete, 30 percentage points ahead 

of the 5-year average, with 64 percent of the crop rated in good to excellent condition, compared with 34 percent from the 

same time last year.

Spring wheat producers were busy seeding this year’s crop as April began, with progress 16 percentage points or more 

ahead of normal in Minnesota and the Dakotas by April 8. Nearly ideal weather conditions in many areas provided ample 

time for fieldwork and crop development as the month progressed. Conversely, wet fields and cool temperatures in 

Washington left producers in some locations waiting for improved conditions before seeding their crop. By April 29, 

seventy-four percent of the Nation’s crop was sown, 42 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average, and the quickest 

pace on record. While seeding was well ahead of normal in most States, progress in Washington was behind normal but 

gaining speed as more fields dried out and became conducive to fieldwork. Thirty percent of t he spring wheat crop was 

emerged by April 29, twenty-seven percentage points ahead of last year and 22 percentage points ahead of the 5-year 

average.

As April began, rice producers in the Delta and Texas were busy seeding this year’s crop. Warm temperatures coupled 

with adequate soil moisture levels left seeding in Arkansas, the largest rice-producing State, advancing at the quickest 

pace on record. Elsewhere, rainfall hampered paddy drainage in California, but producers readied fields as weather 

conditions permitted. Seeding and emergence remained fast throughout the month. While producers in the Delta applied 

fertilizers and herbicides toward month’s end, seeding was just beginning in California. By April 29, producers had sown 

72 percent of the Nation’s rice crop, 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence had advanced to 

60 percent complete, 27 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 65 percent of the rice crop was reported 

in good to excellent condition on April 29. Due to the accelerated emergence pace this year, comparable data from last 

year was not available as this was the earliest crop conditions had ever been estimated.

With the exception of Virginia, peanut producers in the major estimating States were busy planting this year’s crop by 

April 22. Planting was most advanced in Florida, where warmer than normal spring temperatures had producers preparing 

fields earlier this year. Nationwide, 13 percent of the peanut crop was planted by April 29, seven percentage points ahead 

of both last year and the 5-year average. Rainfall was needed across much of the Southeast, and producers expected to 

limit planting activities in some areas until soil moisture levels improved.

Cotton planting was active in a limited number of States when April began, with progress most advanced in Arizona. In 

Texas, planting in southern regions had been underway since mid-March, while producers in the Plains regions were 

pre-irrigating fields and applying herbicides in preparation for planting. Overall planting was slow during the first half of 

the month due to hesitant producers in the Plains and western regions of Texas weighing the costs of seed against mostly 

dry soil conditions. Despite sunny skies providing ample time for planting in California toward month’s end, overall 

progress remained behind normal. In the Delta, producers planted 26 percent or more of their crop during the seven days 

ending April 29. Nationally, 26 percent of the cotton crop was planted by April 29, ten percentage points ahead of last 

year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Crop Production (May 2012) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

During April, favorable temperatures and adequate soil moisture levels had producers in the major sugarbeet-producing 

States planting this year’s crop at a record pace. By April 22, planting in Idaho and Michigan was nearing completion. 

Strong, late-month winds in south-central Idaho damaged a portion of crop. By April 29, producers had planted 94 percent 

of the Nation’s crop, 81 percentage points, or over a month, ahead of last year, and 46 percentage points ahead of the 

5-year average.

Crop Comments

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.69 billion bushels, up 13 percent from 2011. Based on May 1 conditions, the 

United States yield is forecast at 47.6 bushels per acre, up 1.4 bushels from last year. Expected grain area totals 

35.6 million acres, up 10 percent from last year. As of May 1, sixty-four percent of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major 

producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 30 points above the same week in 2011, and heading had 

reached 54 percent, 30 points ahead of the 5-year average. 

The combination of a mild winter and spring, paired with timely precipitation, resulted in beneficial growing conditions in 

the Great Plains States. Precipitation this spring not only aided the winter wheat crop, but also improved pasture and hay 

fields, leading cattle producers to harvest wheat acreage for grain instead of hay. Current crop conditions have improved 

from last year in all major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing states except Montana and South Dakota. As of May 1, the 

percent of crop rated good to excellent in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was 27 points or more higher than last 

year, contributing to forecasted yield increases for those States. 

Crop conditions were varied in several of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States due to cooler than normal spring 

temperatures. Yields are forecasted to be down in the Coastal Plains States and the Southeast, where many States set 

record yields in 2011. However, yields are expected to be up from last year in much of the Corn Belt and the Northeast. 

Warmer temperatures and adequate moisture in the Pacific Northwest left growers optimistic after a predominantly cool 

start to the spring growing season. As of May 1, crop conditions reported as good to excellent were unchanged in Idaho, 

down 8 points in Oregon, while up 18 points in Washington compared to last year. Yields are forecast to be down from 

last year in Oregon and Washington but up in Idaho.

Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 26.3 million bushels, up 

28 percent from the previous year. Due to warm spring weather in California, crop development advanced ahead of 

normal. If realized, Arizona and California’s yield of 115.0 bushels per acre will be record highs.

Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2012, totaled 21.4 million tons, down 4 percent from a year ago. 

Disappearance from December 1, 2011 - May 1, 2012 totaled 69.3 million tons, compared with 79.9 million tons for the 

same period a year ago. This is the smallest disappearance since 1985.

Compared with last year, hay stocks as a percent of production increased across much of the Northern Tier and in many 

eastern States. Mild temperatures coupled with limited snowpack left many pastures and ranges accessible to livestock 

herds for longer periods of time during the winter allowing producers to feed less hay. Similarly, beneficial rainfall 

throughout much of the spring and summer boosted pasture growth in many Atlantic Coast States, delaying the need for 

supplemental feedstuffs as winter approached.

Elsewhere, on-farm stocks declined from last year in a number Great Plains States, as prolonged drought conditions 

hampered pasture growth and forced many livestock producers to feed an increased amount of hay to their herds.

Almonds: The 2012 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 2.00 billion pounds, down 1 percent from 

last year’s revised record production of 2.03 billion pounds. Early spring frost and hail in major producing areas led to 

scattered reports of damage. Disease and insect pressure have been minimal.

Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2011 crop year is estimated at 4.10 million pounds, up 5 percent from the previous 

year. Area in crop, at 485 acres, was up 2 percent from 2010. Weather conditions varied depending on location. Growers 
28 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

in some areas experienced drought conditions while others experienced excess precipitation. Growers reported apple 

snails, feral pigs, leaf blight, and pocket rot continued to be problems.

Grapefruit: The 2011-2012 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.15 million tons, unchanged from the previous 

forecast but down 9 percent from last season’s final utilization. The route survey conducted May 1-2 in Florida showed 

98 percent of the white grapefruit rows and 94 percent of the colored grapefruit rows were harvested. California and 

Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from April.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 604,000 tons, unchanged from 

the previous forecast but down 4 percent from the 2010-2011 crop. Arizona and California forecasts were carried forward 

from April.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from both the previous forecast and 

last season’s final utilization. Florida’s row count survey conducted May 1-2 showed that all of the rows were harvested.

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, weather stations reported high temperatures ranging from the upper 80s to 

lower 90s. Rainfall was generally light across the citrus producing region, with the exception of one storm bringing 

moderate rainfall toward the end of the month. Drought conditions persisted throughout the citrus region.

Harvesting of early oranges (Navels and Hamlins), Honey tangerines, and tangelos finished. White and colored grapefruit 

harvest was nearly complete and the Valencia orange harvest progressed at a steady pace. Harvesting and young tree care 

were the primary grove activities during the month.

California citrus: Harvest of Navel oranges, tangerines, tangelos, and lemons continued. Harvest of late variety Navel 

oranges and early Valencia oranges gained momentum. Orange trees were in bloom in some areas as bees were moved 

into citrus groves in preparation for full bloom.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: During April, apricot, nectarine, peach, plum, and prune fruit continued to 

develop. Harvest began for a few early peach varieties. Cherry fruit developed as growers continued to spray for the 

Oriental Fruit Fly. Prunes were past full bloom and beginning to leaf out in Sutter and Yuba Counties. Weed treatments 

and bloom sprays continued in stone fruit orchards. Grape and kiwifruit vines were growing rapidly as temperatures 

increased. Pomegranates and persimmons continued to leaf out. Apples were blooming and leafing out. Blueberries were 

being picked and packed in Tulare County. Olive groves were pruned.

Almond bloom finished while trees began leafing out and nuts continued to develop. Growers evaluated earlier hail 

damage in the San Joaquin Valley. A heavier than normal drop, possibly due to earlier frost damage, was reported in some 

areas. Walnuts were in full bloom as blight applications continued. Pistachio bloom finished in the Fresno area. 

Fungicides were applied to some orchards.

Spring potatoes: Production for 2012 is forecast at 27.7 million cwt, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and 

8 percent from 2011. Planted acreage is forecast at 97,700 acres, a 1 percent decrease from the April forecast. Area for 

harvest is forecast at 96,100 acres, up 500 acres from the previous forecast. The average yield forecast, at 289 cwt per 

acre, is up 4 cwt from the April forecast.

In California, harvest was underway and growers were reporting a normal crop year. Texas growers reported good crop 

conditions, with expectations of good yields. Growers in Florida experienced adverse weather that negatively impacted 

yields.

Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2011 totaled 598 million pounds, down less than 1 percent from 

the January preliminary estimate and 17 percent below 2010. Harvested area is estimated at 325,040 acres, up slightly 

from the January preliminary estimate but down 4 percent from the previous year’s estimate. Yield per acre averaged 

1,841 pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 287 pounds below 2010.
Crop Production (May 2012) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

2011 Cotton final: All cotton production is estimated at 15.6 million 480-pound bales, down 14 percent from the 

2010 crop. The United States yield for all cotton is estimated at 790 pounds per acre, down 22 pounds from the previous 

season.

Upland cotton production is estimated at 14.7 million 480-pound bales, down 16 percent from the 2010 crop. The United 

States yield for Upland cotton is estimated at 772 pounds per acre, down 33 pounds from 2010. The Upland cotton 

abandonment rate, at 37 percent, is a record high.

Severe drought conditions throughout much of the Cotton Belt was the main factor contributing to decreased Upland 

cotton production compared with the previous season. Texas, Oklahoma, and Georgia experienced extremely hot, dry 

weather during the growing season. North Carolina and Virginia also saw reduced yields due to Hurricane Irene which 

made landfall in late-August.

Objective yield data in Georgia showed boll weight to be the highest on record. However, Georgia bolls per acre were the 

lowest since 2002. Objective yield data in North Carolina showed boll weight to be the lowest since 2005. Texas objective 

yield data showed boll weight to be the lowest since 2000.

American Pima production is estimated at 851,200 bales (480-pound), up 69 percent from 2010. The United States yield is 

estimated at 1,340 pounds per acre, up 140 pounds from the previous season.

Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2011 totaled 5.37 million tons, down 12 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills 

accounted for 50 percent of the disposition. The remaining half will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various other 

uses.
30 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 1 to 

gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, 

Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were 

interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in 

selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as 

number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would 

be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The 

average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the 

heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled 

to obtain current year harvesting loss.

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 15,100 producers representing all major production areas. 

These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for 

harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

accounts for nearly 73 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the 

season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative 

data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous 

components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer 

surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys 

in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analysis of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analysis to prepare 

the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from 

April.

Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, 

shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-ofseason estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.
Crop Production (May 2012) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 6.8 percent. This means that chances are 

two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 

6.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 11.8 percent. 

Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have 

averaged 86 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final 

estimate 11 times and above 9 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to 

understate or overstate final production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the 

three abnormal production seasons (one freeze season and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 

1.6 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below 

the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.6 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 

(90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent, or 2.8 percent, excluding abnormal seasons.

Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 133,000 tons 

(148,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons regardless of exclusions. The May 1 

forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times (below 7 times and above 10 times, 

excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final 

production.
32 Crop Production (May 2012)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch .......................................................................................................(202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section ...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice........................................................................................................ (202) 720-7688

 Bryan Durham – Oats, Rye, Wheat.................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Hay .................................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds..................................................................(202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................(202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries......................................(202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ...............................................(202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits.........................................(202) 720-5412

 Dave Losh – Hops............................................................................................................................(360) 709-2400 

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans ..................................................(202) 720-3250

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ...............................................(202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts .......................................................(202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Follow NASS” box under “Receive reports by Email,” 

click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of 

payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the 

basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental 

status, religion, sexual orientation, political beliefs, genetic information, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's 

income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with 

disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) 

should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of the Assistant 

Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Stop 9410, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call toll-free at 

(866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (English Federal-relay) or (800) 845-6136 

(Spanish Federal-relay). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.