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4+,,431 U.S. 816, 97 S.Ct. 2094, 53L.Ed.2d 14 (1977)). Accordingly, the Supreme Court hasconsistently recognized associational rights involving privatefamily life as worthy of special constitutional protection. SeeMoore v. City of East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494, 499, 97 S.Ct.1932, 52 L.Ed.2d 531 (1976) ("A host of cases . . . haveconsistently acknowledged a ‘private realm of family lifewhich the state cannot enter.’") (plurality opinion) (quoting

 


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&LWLQJ Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S

L.Ed. 1042 (1923); Pierce v. Society of S

45 S.Ct. 571, 69 L.Ed. 1070 (1925); Roe v

93 S.Ct. 705, 35 L.Ed.2d 147 (1973); Wi231-233, 92 S.Ct. 1526, 32 L.Ed.2d 15 

U.S. 645, 651, 92 S.Ct. 1208, 31 L.Ed.2York, 390 U.S. 629, 639, 88 S.Ct. 1274, 20 

v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 85 S.Ct. 16v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497, 542-544, 549-55(1961) (Harlan, J., dissenting); Loving v

S.Ct. 1817, 18 L.Ed.2d 1010 (1967); M

533, 73 S.Ct. 840, 97 L.Ed. 1221 (1953Williamson, 316 U.S. 535, 541, 62 S.Ct. 

Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. L.Ed. 645) (1944)).

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),00)$$%$!#' 3##2":)"'""'&0&((,+$'&')&!$%))+'$'& "'0%$)"$+$(23$%!-C-
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4 
 

"=" &$%'&0 '& ," $"('$'& " "+(&$ +&

+"('2 32"($),00)$$%$$%right to participate in child

rearing does not extend to grandparents. See, e.g., Moore,431 U.S. at 504 ("Ours is by no means a tradition limited torespect for the bonds uniting the members of the nuclearfamily. The tradition of uncles, aunts, cousins, and especiallygrandparents sharing a household along with parents andchildren has roots equally venerable and equally deserving ofconstitutional recognition.") (emphasis added) (footnoteomitted). 

C.

Neither the Supreme Court nor this court, however, has

addressed the specific issue of whether a grandmother has afundamental freedom of association right to participate in theupbringing of her grandchildren. 

Our decision in Bazzetta v. McGinnis, 286 F.3d 311, 316

(6th Cir. 2002), provides some guidance. There, weexamined the constitutional validity of a prison regulation thatprohibited prisoners from receiving visits from their minorsiblings, nieces and nephews. We struck down the regulationbecause it was unrelated to legitimate penological goals. Id.Implicit in our analysis was the recognition that an inmate’sability to visit with his or her minor siblings, nieces andnephews involves constitutionally protected associationalrights. See id. at 317 ("Close analysis is especiallyappropriate when, as is the case here, the challengedrestrictions interfere with family relationships . . . speciallyprotected by the Constitution."). The right to participate inthe upbringing of one’s grandchild occupies a basic position

in our society’s hierarchy of values and is of a more intimate and therefore more fundamental 

 nature than the right to

visit one’s nieces or nephews. Therefore, a logical extension

of Bazzetta’s reasoning suggests that Johnson has a

fundamental freedom of association right to participate in theupbringing of her grandchildren. 

 


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Bazzetta’s implicit conclusion, t

receive certain family members as with this court’s prior conclusion a plaintiff had "no fundamental members on [a public housing deveF.3d at 406-07.

In Thompson, the plaintiff challe

of a "no trespass" list, which kept members in a public housing d

( +,"$ (("))( $% ')+K&> (0( $%$ $% 6'  ! 'H&$" '&$ &( #'&$'& +"$" $'&)%')I &( ')$( )+'!H	,"#,"$%)++"((+& A&$'&0 $%$ $% 	,"#+&)$'$,$'&  "$+$'& $ #"2"'&0 ! +%' ("& +%' ( ""+%2'$$'& >'$% " $'=)ID A+(+,"$$%&&$($%$$%))+'$'& '&$")$ $ >%'+% $"=',) 3 ++"(( +&)$'$,$'+%2'$$'& >'$% " $'=) M and extended constitutional protection family members." Id. (emphasis explanation, the Thompson panel cdid not have a fundamental right to 

Put more succinctly, Thompson c

had no fundamental right to visit hithe Supreme Court had not yet artithe Supreme Court’s recognition right’s existence for lower courts, about the existence of rights thaddressed. Unless one accepts the the absence of a Supreme Court o
45 
 

a particular right means that a particular right does not exist,there is simply no reason to infer the absence of afundamental right to visit a family member based on thefortuity that the Supreme Court has not yet addressed theissue. 

$>'$%)$&('&0,"+&+"&)>&="$% ))>, (2

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.A5$%'"--5D

The issue before this court, however, is whether Johnson

has a fundamental associational right to participate in theeducation and rearing of her grandchild. Unlike the plaintiffin Thompson, Johnson has been an active participant in thelives and activities of her grandchildren, with the consent andsupport of the children’s mother. Thompson itself recognizedthe distinction between participating in child rearing andmerely visiting one’s family. See Thompson, 250 F.3d at 407(acknowledging that "[t]he Court has accorded constitutionalprotection to . . . child rearing and education") (citing Piercev. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510, 534-35, 45 S.Ct. 571, 69L.Ed. 1070 (1925)). Moreover, to the extent that Thompsoncan be read to proclaim the absence of a fundamental right toparticipate in child-rearing it conflicts with Supreme Courtprecedent and cannot bind this court. See Pierce, 268 U.S. at534-35 (recognizing a fundamental child-rearing right);Meyer, 262 U.S. at 398 (noting that "without doubt" theliberty interest guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendmentdenotes the right to "establish a home and bring up children").

Accordingly, we find that Johnson does have a fundamental

freedom of association right to participate in the upbringingof her grandchildren.

 


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D.

Our analysis of Au France’s cl

infringes on his freedom of assoattorney 

 is more straightforward

law is based upon the presumptimportant relationships for "saffreedom" is that between an inattorney. See Roberts, 468 U.S. at be denied that an individual’s reattorney "acts as a critical buffer bthe power of the State." See id. Ac

France has a fundamental freedom his attorney.

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