20

NOAA Technical Report NMFS 20

Ichthyoplankton of the

Continental Shelf Near

Kodiak Island, Alaska

Arthur W. Kendall, Jr., and Jean R. Dunn

January 1985

u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA TECHNICAL REPORTS NMFS

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ropies may be <'btained from: U.S. Department of Commerce, !'Iati,)nal Technical Information SerVIce, 5285 Port Royal Road,

Springfield, VA 22161.
NOAA Technical Report NMFS 20

Ichthyoplankton of the

Continental Shelf Near

Kodiak Island, Alaska

Arthur W. Kendall, Jr., and Jean R. Dunn

January 1985

u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

John V. Byrne, Administrator

National Marine Fisheries Service

William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries
The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) does not approve, recommend or endorse any propriety product or proprietary material mentioned

in this publication. No reference shall be made to NMFS, or to this publication furnished by NMFS, in any advertising or sales promotion which

would indicate or imply that NMFS approves, recommends or endorses any

proprietary product or proprietary material mentioned herein, or which has

as its purpose an intent to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this NMFS publication.
CONTENTS

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I

Methods. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 3

Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Seasonal cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Eggs. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Larvae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Distribution and abundance of selected taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Osmeridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Bathylagidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Myctophidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Gadidae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .... . ..... ... . 8

Macrouridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Scorpaenidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Anoplopomatidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Hexagrammidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Cottidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Agonidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Cyclopteridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Bathymasteridae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Stichaeidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Cryptocanthodidae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Ammodytidae . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. II

Pleuronectidae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

Recurren t groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Summary of occurrences of abundant taxa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Measurement of kinds and abundance of fishes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Comparative early life history patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Literature cited .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Appendix figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Figures

1. Features associated with the study area off Kodiak Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. Major water flow features of the study area off Kodiak Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3. Reported foreign nation trawl catches of fish in the Kodiak study area, 1977 -81, averaged for the 5 yr, reported and ranked by

metric tons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4. Abundance of fishes in the Kodiak study area as indicated by ground fish survey catches, reported and ranked as numbers of

fish per hectare and reported as kilograms per hectare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5. Estimated numbers of fish larvae produced annually in the Kodiak study area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Tables

I. Summary of previous plankton sampling surveys relevant to the Kodiak Island shelf area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2. Number of ichthyoplankton samples collected on cruises conducted from April 1972 to September 1979 4

3. Sources of information used in this study for identification of fish eggs and larvae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

4. Percent occurrence and mean density of fish eggs and larvae collected in neuston tows on cruises conducted from 1977 to

1979................................... 8

5. Percent occurrence and mean number per 10 m2 of fish eggs and larvae collected in bongo tows on cruises conducted from

April 1972 to September 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

6. Means and standard deviations of standard lengths by season of the more commonly caught larvae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7. Season and areas of major occurrences of the most abundant taxa of fish eggs and larvae off Kodiak Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

III

Ichthyoplankton of the Continental Shelf Near

Kodiak Island, Alaska

ARTHUR W. KENDALL, JR., and JEAN R. DUNNI

ABSTRACT

Eleven ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted (I in 1972 and 10 between 1977 and 1979) in the north·

eastern Pacific Ocean over the continental shelf off Kodiak Island, Alaska. In the 677 neuston and 632 hongo

tows, eggs or larvae of more than 80 fish taxa were found. They were present in every season and throughout the

survey area, although more taxa and more individuals were found in summer than in other seasons. Among the

more abundant species were the gadid Theragra chalcogramma and several hexagrammids and pleuronectids.

The hexagrammids and several coUids were abundant in the neustonic layer, where they spent close to a year as

larvae and prejuvenlles. Although the seasonal and geographic distribution of most taxa was complex, two patterns emerged: Late summer-fall spawners produce demersal eggs and have neustonic larvae that remain pelagic

for several months (hexagrammids and some cottlds), and spring-summer spawners have pelagic eggs and larvae

that spend several weeks in the plankton but are not closely associated with the surface (Theragra chalcogramma,

pleuronectlds).

INTRODUCTION

The continental shelf off Kodiak Island, Alaska, supports large

domestic and foreign fisheries for a number of fish species. Some

species (e.g., Anoplopoma fimbria and Sebasles alulus) have been

overfished, some are fully utilized (e.g., Theragra chalcogramma

and Hippoglossus slenolepis), and others (e.g., Gadus

macrocephalus and some pleuronectids) appear to be underutilized, particularly by the domestic fleet (G. Stauffer2 ). Management of these resources on a scientifically sound ecosystem basis,

which is one of the goals of the National Marine Fisheries Service

(NMFS), will require a substantial increase in information

concerning all life history phases. In order to understand the

recruitment mechanisms and variations in year-class strength, the

ecology of the young planktonic stages must be studied. However,

despite the long history of commercial exploitation and investigations of adult fishes (Ronholt et al. 19783 ), virtually nothing has

been published on the abundance, distribution, or species composition of the ichthyoplankton of the region. Attaining this information is the necessary first step toward applying early life history

studies to fisheries problems.

Little was known about the composition of ichthyoplankton in

waters contiguous to Kodiak Island prior to the initiation of

OCSEAP (Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment

Program) supported studies (Table I). Ichthyoplankton work was

the primary objective in few previous studies in the area. The

diversity of objectives, study methods, and lack of taxonomic

I Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center. National Marine Fisheries Service.

NOAA. 7600 Sand Point Way NE.• BIN C15700, Bldg. 4. Seattle. WA 98115.

2G. Stauffer. Fi'shery Biologist. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, National

Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle. WA

98112, pers. commun. May 1984.

'Ronhol!, L. L.. H. H. Shippen, and E. S. Brown. 1978. Demersal fish and shellfish

resources of the Gulf of Alaska from Cape Spencer to Unimak Pass 1948-1976 (a

historical review). Unpub!. manuscr., 4 vols., 955 p. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries

Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E.. Seattle,

WA98112.

resolution of results make it difficult to compare earlier studies or

produce a comprehensive picture of ichthyoplankton distribution.

We report here on the seasonal and spatial distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition of ichthyoplankton off Kodiak

Island, and the recurring groups of larval fishes in this region.

These data are derived from sampling on II cruises conducted by

NMFS in 1972 and during 1977-79. Some of these cruises were

partially supported by OCSEAP of the U.S. Bureau of Land

Management, others were conducted cooperatively aboard Soviet

research vessels, and still others were part of the NMFS Marine

Resources, Monitoring, Assessment and Prediction (MARMAP)

program. This time series of data on ichthyoplankton communities off Kodiak is the most comprehensive information available

for anywhere in the eastern subarctic Pacific Ocean.

The offshore study area, generally bounded by lat. 55°30'-

59°15'N and long. 148°30'-156°00'W, covers about 68,000 km2

and encompasses the continental shelf mainly southeast of Kodiak

Island from approximately the 40 to the 2.000 m contour (Fig. I).

Stations sampled during the study extended southwestward from

Portlock Bank to just west of the Trinity Islands.

The topography of the Kodiak Island shelf on the southeastern

side is rugged, consisting of relatively shallow banks separated by

troughs running normal to the shelf edge. The shelf is 69-95 km

wide, and is cut by four major troughs: Amatuli, Stevenson,

Chiniak, and Kiliuda. These troughs, ranging in depth from about

110 to 240 m, are separated by four banks: Portlock to the east,

followed to the west by North, Middle, and South Albatross banks,

whose depths range from about 49 to 91 m. In general, the bottom

is rugged and uneven, and substrate composition changes rapidly

within short distances; bottom types range from soft mud and sand

to rock. On the northwestern side of Kodiak Island the dominant

feature is Shelikof Strait.

The cyclonic north Pacific subarctic gyre intensifies in the

northwestern Gulf of Alaska as the Alaska Stream (Muench and

Schumacher 1980). Northeast of Kodiak Island this current

divides into a branch that flows through Shelikof Strait (the Kenai

Current) and the main part of the stream which flows south-
Table I.-Summary of previous plankton sampling surveys relevant to the Kodiak Island shelf area.

Years of Months General area No. stations Sampling gear

Authors Agencyl sampling sampled of survey near Kodiak and type of tow Kinds of data reported

Thompson and IPHC 1926-34 Jan.-June Gulf of Alaska ca. 104 and 2 m nets, Petersen Distribution and abundance of

Van Cleve young fish trawls. Oblique Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus

(1936) lows (30°). stenolepis, eggs and larvae.

North Pacific NORPAC 1955 June-Oct. North Pacific Ocean 10 Clarke-Bumpus nets, Station data; list of dominant

Committee oblique tow. zooplankton taxa; depth of

(1960) haul: displacement volume.

LeBrasseur FRBC 1956-59 Jan.-Aug. Gulf of Alaska 19 NORPAC; IKMT; vertical Identification of fish larvae by

(1970) and horizontal. station.

Faculty of FFHU 1953-77 May-Aug. North Pacific Ocean 7 Various: Ring net, Station data: variable other

Fisheries NORPAC, neuston, vertical data on ichthyo-and zooHokkaido Univ. and horizontal. plankton.

(1979)

Amn UW 1957 July North Pacifie Ocean 5 3- and 6-ft IKMT, oblique Station data, plankton volume,

(1960'; 1962) tows. dominant zooplankton,

species composition of adult,

juvenile, and larval fishes by

station.

Lisovenko VNIRO 1963 Apr.-July Gulf of Alaska; Kodiak 50 80 em conical, oblique Distribution of rockfish,

(1964) Island (?) tows. Sebastes sp., larvae.

Damkaer PMEL 1975-76 Oct.-Nov. 75; Gulf of Alaska, Prince 10 Vertical ring net. Oblique Distribution, composition, and

(1977) Apr.-Aug. 76 WiIliam Sound and bongo net. abundance of zooplankton

Lower Cook Inlet taxa.

Gosho UW 1971 June-Aug. Alitak and Kiliuda Bays, 61 30 em ring; horizontal Abundance and size composi-

( 1977) Kodiak Island tow. tion of major zooplankton

groups.

Harris and UW 1976 May-Sept Ugak, Kaiugnak, and ca. 170 Tow nelS; herring trawl; Distribution. abundance, age,

Hartt (1977) Alilak Bays, Kodiak Island beach seine trynet and and food habits of adult and

Trammel net. juvenile fishes.

Rogers et al. UW 1978 Mar.-Aug. Kalsin-Chiniak, Kiliuda, ca. 286 Neuston nets, bongo nets, Distribution and abundance of

(1979) and Nov. Kaiugnak, Kodiak Island Tucker trawl, epibenlhic ichthyoplankton and euphau-

(I I cruises) sled. siids. Food habits of adult and

juvenile fishes.

Rogers et al. UW 1978-79 Mar.-Aug. As above ca. 350 As above As above

(1979) Nov. 78

Mar. 79

(12 cruises)

KendaIl et al. NWAFC 1977 79 Nov. 77 Kodiak Island Shelf ca. 2,085 As above and IKMT Distribution and abundance of

(1980') Apr.-Nov. 78 ichthyoplanklon and euphauFeb.-Mar. 79 siids; decapod larvae.

(5 cruises)

KendaIl et al. NWAFC 1977-79 Feb.-Nov. As above and Kodiak Sheif ca. 762 As above Comparison of inshore versus

(1980') (17 cruises) offshore distribution of

ichthyoplankton. Structure of

shelf larval fish community.

IJPHC -International Pacific Halibut Commi·iSion; NORPAC - North Pacific Committee; FRBC - Fisheries Research Board of Canada; FFHU - Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido

University; UW - University of Washington; VNIRO - All-Union Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography; PMEL - Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory;

NW AFC - Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center.

'Aron, W. 1960. The distribution of animals in the easterr. N~rth Pacific and its relationship to physical and chemic.l conditions. Tech. Rep. 63, 65 p. College of Ocean and

Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

'Kendall, A. W.. Jr., 1. R. Dunn, R. 1. Wolotir., Jr., J H. Bowerman, Jr., D. B. Dey. A. C. Matarese, and J. E. Munk. 1980. Zooplankton, including ichthyoplankton and decapod

larv.e. of the Kodiak Shelf. NWAFC Processed Rep. 80-8. 393 p. Northwest and Alaska Fi,heries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E.,

Seattle, WA 98112.

'Kendall, A. W., Jr., J. R. Dunn, D. E. Rogers, A. C. Matarese, and K. J. Garrison. 1980. Taxonomic composition, seasonal di,tribution, and abundance of ichthyoplankton in the

nearshore zone of the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska. NWAFC Processed Rep. 80-14,62 p. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA,

2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, W A 98112.

westerly at the edge of the continental shelf off Kodiak Island and

out 50 km from there, with mean speeds of 50-100 cmls (Fig. 2).

Between the coast and the stream, circulation on the shelf is complex as it is influenced by bottom topography, short-term wind

events, seasonal cycles of freshwater input, tidal currents, and perlurbations in the stream. Although long-term. mean-flow patterns

can be recognized. acyclic processes often override the mean patterns making prediction of instantaneous flow impossible. On

Portlock Bank a weak anticyclonic pattern exists. In the troughs, a

shoreward flow occurs along the northeastern sides and a seaward

flow along the southwestern sides. A coastal flow to the southwest

2

along the island is probably due in part to freshwater input along

the south coast to Kodiak Island.

Seasonal variability in oceanographic conditions in the area has

not been adequately studied, but Kendall et al. (1980 see Table I,

footnote 3) reported on observations from ichthyoplankton cruises

in 1977-79. In winter and spring the water column was rather

homogeneous with temperatures generally between 3° and 5°C

and salinity between 32.2 and 32.4°/ 00, In summer the water

column was stratified due to low surface salinity from runoff and

high surface temperatures from increased insulation. Warmer

more saline water occurred offshore. Surface temperatures on the
Figure I.-Features associated with the study area otT Kodiak

Island.

,

,

""'--~ .....,..-........

( .._.._..-.........

'. Porr/ocA. Bank. ..............

==::--.>.

S'......~.r. . '- lO~_:-~~;:./'>. ,,0,> /;.0 ~~ ( ) ,

".po? ...... \_ ' ..... "--"- :

, j

r / 1"'/

,

,

59" N

5"

57'

56"

156"W 1550 154· 1530 152' 1510 '50' 149'

Figure 2.-Major water now features of the study area otT Kodiak

Island.

57"

59' N

5..

56'

150' 149'

.. LO()tT''''-'''~.. ..._

(,"~ "~f"/I~""':~~-"- 15-10) -'

,

,

152 151" 0 1530 155' 154"

----/./ Chirikof I ,;;..........._-\ tB ,<l'~~ ..

-(//

1560 w

shelf in summer were generally between 7 ° and 9°C, and

salinities were between 32.0 and 32.40 / 00 , while at the bottom

temperatures were 4.5 °_7 .00C and salinities were 32.4-33.6% 0,

By fall the stratification had broken down; shelf temperatures

were generally 6°-8°C and salinities were 31.5-33.00 / 00 , Offshore

the Alaska Stream had warmer, more saline water which intrudes

onto the shelf, particularly at depth in the troughs throughout the

year.

The Kodiak Island shelf area is an important region of commercial fishing. Important fisheries, both domestic and foreign, are

directed toward Hippoglossus stenolepis and various other Pleuronectidae; Gadus macrocephalus, Theragra chalcogramma, and

Sebastes spp., as well as king, Paralithodes camtschatica; snow

(Tanner), Chionoecetes bairdi; and Dungeness, Cancer magister,

crabs and pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis (Ronholt et al. footnote

3).

METHODS

(Table 2; App. Figs. 1,2)

A series of 11 offshore cruises was conducted in 1972 and from

1977 to 1979 (Table 2). The station pattern varied considerably

3
Table 2.-Number of ichthyoplankton samples collected on cruises conducted from April 1972 to September 1979• .._.._-_..

NeUSlon Bongo Other

StatIOns (0.505 (0.505 (0.505

Cruise Vessel Cruise dates occupied mm mesh) mm mesh) mm mesh) ._----

2 KE 72 George B. Kelez 26 Apr.-5 May 1972 67 0 67

4 MF 77 Miller Freeman 31 Oct.-14 Nov. 1977 61 83 59

4 DI 78 Discoverer 28 Mar.-20 Apr. 1978 89 III 85

2 MF 78 Miller Freeman 19 June-u July 1978 91 III 89

3 MF 78 Miller Freeman 9-21 Sept. 1978 28 28 28

4 MF 78 Miller Freeman 26 Sept.-7 Oct. 1978 49 49 49

5 MF 78 Miller Freeman 19 Oct.-l Nov. 1978 19 19 19

I WE 78 Wecoma 25 Oct.-17 Nov. 1978 94 101 98

I MF 79 Miller Freeman 13 Feb.-II Mar. 1979 88 89 88

5 TI 79 Tilcookeansky 16-24 May 1979 35 0 35

I PO 79 Poseidon 2-29 Sept. 1979 86 86 15 32 (bong)

over the years (App. Figs. 1,2), but a systematic centric design

(Milne 1959) was used from 1978 to 1979.

Two types of gear were routinely used: I) a Sameoto sampler

(Sameoto and Jaroszynski 1969), with a mouth opening 0.3 m

high by 0.5 m wide and an 0.505 mm mesh net, for collecting

neuston sample~; and 2) an aluminum MARMAP bongo sampler

(Posegay and Marak 1980),0.6 m inside diameter, with one net of

0.505 mm mesh and the vther of 0.333 mm mesh.

Bongo nets were lowered at a rate of 50 m of wire/min and

retrieved at a idte of 20 m/min, sampling from surface to within

5-10 m of the bottom, normally to a maximum depth of about 200

m, following standard MARMAP procedures (Smith and Richardson 1977). During lowering and retrieval, the ship's speed of 2.0

kn (1.03 m/s) was adjusted to maintain a 45 ° wire angle. Sampling depths were calculated based on actual wire angles.

Some exceptions to the routine use of bongo and neuston samplers occurred. Neuston was not sampled in 1972 (cruise 2 KE 72)

nor on cruise 5 TJ 79. The bongo array was lost on cruise I PO 79,

and a single 60 cm diameter frame (called a "bong") was fabricated at sea and used to sample plankton. Occasionally, planned

stations were deleted due to inclement weather or operational

difficulties.

Plankton samples were preserved in the field in a 5% Formalinseawater mixture buffered with sodium tetraborate and taken to

the Seattle Laboratory of the NMFS Northwest and Alaska

Fisheries Center (NWAFC). The settled volume was determined

(Kramer et at. 1972) and all fish eggs and larvae (i.e., samples

were not split) were removed from the neuston and 0.505 mm

bongo samples. Fish eggs and larvae were identified to lowest taxon possible using standard procedures and life history stage was

re<;orded.

Certain larval fishes were selected for length measurement

(standard length to 0.1 mm) based on their abundance and/or

economic value (i.e., MallolUs villosus; Theragra chalcogramma;

Hexagrammidae: Anoplopoma fimbria; Hemilepidotus spp.;

Stichaeidae, identified to type or spe ies; Ammodytes hexapterus;

and Pleuronectidae).

Numbers of eggs and larvae of each taxon from each tow were

recorded. These numbers were converted to numbers per unit area

or density as follows:

Unit area (number/lO ml )

For bongo tows: n x d x 10/[(r)2 x 1l x I]

For neuston tows: n x d x 10/(h x W x I)

Density (number/l,OOO m3 )

For neuston tows: n x I.OOO/(h x IV x I)

4

where n number of organisms in sample,

r - radius of net opening in meters (0.3 m for bongo

net),

h effective fishing height of net opening In meters

(0.15 m for neuston net),

w width of net opening in meters (0.5 m for neuston

net),

length of tow in meters (computed from calibrated

flowmeter readings), and

d depth of water sampled (calculated from wire angles

for bongo tows; 0.15 m for neuston tows).

The percent occurrence (number of stations where taxon was

collected/number of stations sampled x 100) of various taxa of

fish eggs and larvae collected are illustrated by season. Relative

abundance of each life history stage and taxon, expressed as log10

of the number in the survey area, is depicted for each season. For

these estimates, the number per 10 m2 of sea surface of each taxon

collected in neuston and bongo nets was multiplied by the area of

sea surface represented by each station, calculated as in Sette and

Ahlstrom (1948). These figures were summed to estimate the total

number of organisms in each taxon present in the study area at the

time of the cruise.

Distribution of eggs and larvae of frequently occurring taxa is

plotted for various solar seasons. The sampling area was divided

into rectangles representing 0.25° latitude and 0.50° longitude.

The number of tows (of neuston or bongo nets) made in each rectangle for each season is shown by six levels of shading. Superimposed on the rectangles are percent occurrence of the taxon in

the rectangle represented by various sizes of dots.

The cooccurrence of larval fishes in the samples was analyzed

using REGROUP and a support program CONNEX (based on

Fager 1957). Although use of this method has been questioned

(Richardson and Stephenson 1978), it has been applied to other

ichthyoplankton investigations (Loeb et at. 1983). Since this

method considers only joint occurrences, and does not deal with

abundance, it was thought appropriate for the data examined here.

After trying several affinity levels, a level of 0.4 was chosen as

demonstrating the most reasonable groupings of larval fish. As

discussed by Loeb et at. (1983), while the choice of affinity level

is ubjective, the rest of the procedure is objective.

Data on the relative abundance of adult fishes in the area were

derived from NWAFC files on groundfish surveys and catches

reported by the foreign fisheries operating in the area. Data from

the same geographic area as used in the ichthyoplankton surveys

(lat. 55°30'-59°15'N, long. 148°50'-156°00'W) and from all

seasons were combined. Groundfish survey data was thus sum-
marized from 2,293 trawl hauls taken between 1958 and 1982,

with abundance reported both as kg/ha and number of fish/ha.

Foreign catch data are available only from 1977 to 1981 and are

reported in metric tons landed in the area of interest by species

and by year. The arithmetic mean of the annual catch for the 5 yr

of data was calculated to provide the estimate of relative abundance by species used for comparison with the other data bases.

To estimate the relative abundance based on the egg and larval

surveys, the number of larvae of a species in bongo catches in the

survey area during the season of maximum abundance was used.

Catches were averaged when more than one cruise occurred during a season.

Descriptions of early life-history stages of many fishes found

off Kodiak Island are unavailable, although recent studies, based

in part on material collected during this study, have made significant contnbu:ions. Identification of specimens in this study was

based on characteristics of adults known from the area and

published descriptions of eggs and larvae, as far as possible (Table

3). These allowed identification only to the familial or generic

level when such descriptions were based on species not present off

Kodiak Island. For specimens of unknown specific identity, series

were established and referred to a "type" within the lowest certain

category (i.e., Agonidae A, Myoxocephalus G), in hopes that the

series could be assigned to a species as the study proceeded. This

resulted in contributions toward description of several taxa [e.g.,

all the hexagrammids in the Kodiak Island area (Kendall and

Vinter 1984)j, although some series retain their type designations

in this paper.

RESULTS

(Tables 4, 5)

The shelf off Kodiak Island was found to be a spawning and

nursery area for numerous species of fish. Eggs and larvae of a

number of the more than 80 taxa identified were found in every

season. No area was found to lack young stages of fish. The water

column (to at least 200 m) was used by ichthyoplankton and the

neuston layer was particularly important to a number of species.

The seasonal cycles of occurrence of fish eggs and larvae are

discussed first. Then an account of the geographical and seasonal

distribution of the more abundant taxa collected is presented.

Finally, we examine the community structure of larval fishes in

the Kodiak Island shelf area.

Seasonal Cycle (App. Figs. 3-13)

Eggs.-Only 23 types of fish eggs were found; 13 of these were

identified to species. Eggs of II species of pleuronectids were

present. In winter six types of fish eggs were found and the dominant species were Leuroglossus schmidti and Theragra chalcogramma (App. Fig. 3). In spring a more diverse assemblage of eggs

occurred that was dominated by T. chalcogramma and six species

of pleuronectids (App. Figs. 4, 5). In summer almost the entire egg

catch was made up of pleuronectids, with eight species present

(App. Fig. 6). In fall the egg catch was considerably reduced, with

only a few pleuronectids still present. Leuroglossus schmidti and T.

chalcogramma entered the egg catches in late fall (App. Figs.

10-12). Macrourid eggs were present in summer and fall (App.

Figs. 7-13).

Larvae.-The planktonic larval fish fauna was much more

diverse than the eggs and contained many species of larvae originating from demersal eggs. In the bongo net, 82 types of larvae

5

were found (Table 5) and in the neuston net 52 types (Table 4).

Nearly all types of larvae caught in the neuston net were also

caught in the bongo net.

In winter both the bongo and neuston catches were dominated

numerically and in frequency of occurrence by larvae of

Hemilepidorus spp. and several species of hexagrammids. Mallotus

villosus larvae made up a large part of the catch in both nets, and

Leuroglossus schmidti and Stenobrachius leucopsarus were also

abundant in bongo catches (App. Fig. 3).

In spring the bongo catches contained considerable numbers of

Theragra chalcogramma, Ammodytes hexapterus, and Lepidopsetta

bilineata larvae. Larvae of Bathymaster spp. were abundant in late

spring. Overall the larval fish assemblage seen in bongo catches in

spring was quite diverse, with between 32 and 43 types caught on

the three spring cruises. Neuston catches in spring were composed

mainly of larvae of several hexagrammids, HemilepidolUs spp., and

Lycont'ctes aleutensis (App. Figs. 4, 5).

Among the seasons, more taxa occurred in summer in both the

bongo and neuston nets. In the bongo net Sebastes spp., Bathymaster spp., and several pleuronectids were commonly found.

Several cottids were also present in low abundance. In the neuston

net Bathymosrer spp. and Hexugrammos decagrammus dominated

the catches, but Lyconectes aleutensis and Ammodytes hexupterus

were also abundant (App. Fig. 7). Altogether, 45 taxa of larvae

were found in bongo samples and 35 in neuston samples in summer (Tables 4, 5).

In fall, Mallotus vil/osus, Hemilepidotus spp., and several hexagrammids were abundant in bongo catches. Larvae of Stenobrachius leucopsarus and Sebastes spp. were also abundant in some of

the fall cruises. In the neuston catches in fall, larvae of

Hemilepidotus spp., several hexagrammids, and Bathymaster spp.

dominated (App. Figs. 8-11).

Distribution and Abundance of Selected Taxa

(App. Figs. 14-84; Table 6)

Osmeridae (App. Figs. 14.17).-Unidentified osmerid larvae

were taken in neuston nets in summer and fall and in bongo nets

in spring through fall. Some of these larvae may have been small

MallolUs vil/osus, although other species of osmerids occur in the

Kodiak Island area. These unidentified osmerid larvae were most

abundant in fall in neuston nets (App. Fig. 14) and in summer and

fall in bongo nets (App. Fig. 15). They were collected in both

kinds of sampling gear primarily in the nearshore and midshelf

region.

MallolUs vil/osus larvae were identified in neuston and bongo

tows in all cruises except summer. In summer, small larvae that

could only be identified as osmerids were encountered; many of

these may have been M. villosus larvae. Since this species seems to

spawn primarily in summer near Kodiak Island, in order to follow

their seasonal cycle of larval occurrences they will be discussed

starting with the fall cruises. In fall M. villosus larvae, as reflected

in neuston nets (App. Fig. 16), were widely distributed, extending

eastward over Portlock Bank and westward to South Albatross

Bank primarily over the inner and midshelf area; they were taken

somewhat more widely in bongo tows (App. Fig. 17). In winter,

these larvae were primarily taken in neuston tows in the nearshore

area and northeastern end of the Kodiak Island shelf-they were

more widely taken in bongo nets (App. Fig. 17). In spring, M.

vii/osus larvae were taken primarily in neuston nets southwest of

Kodiak Island over Horsehead Basin, South Albatross Bank, and

west of the Trinity Islands.
Table 3.-Sources of information used in this study for identification of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L).

Scientific name

C/upea harengus pal/asi

Mal/olUs villosus

Balhy/agus milleri

Balhy/agus pacificus

Leuroglossus schmidti

Leuroglossus schmidti

Protamyctaphum Ihompsoni

Protomyctophum crockeri

Stenobrachius leucopsarus

Stenobrachius sp.

Microgadus proximus

Gadus macrocephalus

Theragra chalcogramma

Macrouridae

Sebasres spp.

Anop/opama fimbria

Hexagrammidae

Hexaxrammos spp.

Hexaxrammos decagrammus

Hexaxrammos laxocephalus

HexaXfllmmos O('IOxrammus

Hexaxrammos sfelleri

Ophiodon eIOIlX£JfUS

PieurrJxrammus monopferyxius

Conidae

Anedius spp.

Artedius meanyi

A"edius harrl1JxuJIli

Artedius !ellesfralis

ClillOCOffUS spp.

Dasycof(uS sefixer

Gymnocanthus spp.

Gymnocanfhus A

Hemilepidolus spp.

Hemilt:'pidoflls hemilepidmus

Hemilepidorus jordani

HemirripleruS vii/osus

In'linus spp.

LepfOcoffuS amldfllS

Malm'ocottus ZOllums

Myoxocephalus spp.

Myoxocephalus 8

Myo.wcephalus G

Raduliflus spp.

Radulillus asprellus

Trill/ops spp.

Agonidae

Agonidae A

Agonidae C

Cyclopteridae

ApfOCYclus ventr;coslls

Trichodon frichodon

Bathymasteridae

Barhymaster spp.

R(lnquilus jordan;

Anoplarchus insignis

Chir%phis decorarus

Lumpene/la longiros"is

Lumpenus maculafus

Lumpenus sagitta

Sfichaeus puncfafus

Lycollecfes aleurens;s

Pholis spp.

Zaprora silenus

AmmodYfes hexapferus

Alheresfhes sfOmias

Glyplocepha/us zachirus

Common name

Pacific herring

capelin

stout blacksmell

Pacific blacksmell

northern smoothlongue

bigeye lanternfish

nashlighlfish

northern lampfish

Pacific tomcod

Pacific cod

walleye pollock

grenadiers

rockfishes

sable fish

greenlings

kelp greenling

rock greenling

masked greenling

whitesponed greenling

lingcod

Atka mackerel

sculpins

Puget Sound sculpin

scalyhead sculpin

padded sculpin

spinyhead sculpin

Irish lords

red Irish lord

yellow Irish lord

Pacific staghorn sculpin

slim s(;ulpin

poaChers

poachers

poachers

snailfishes

smooth lumpsucker

Pacific sandfish

ronquils

searchers

northern ronquiI

slender cockscomb

decorated warbonnet

longsnout prickleback

daubed shanny

snake prickleback

Arctic shanny

dwarf wrymouth

gunnels

prowfish

Pacific sand lance

arrowtooth nounder

rex sole

6

L

L

L

L

E

L

L

L

L

L

L

E,L

E,L

E,L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

l

L

l

L

L

L

L

l

L

L

L

L

L

L

l

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

l

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

I.

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

L

E,L

E,L

Reference

Russell (1976)

Templeman (1948)

Ahlstrom (Unpubl.)'; Inhouse informalion

Ahlstrom (Unpubl.)'; Inhouse information

Ahlstrom (1969)

Dunn (1983)

Moser and Ahlstrom (1970)

Moser and Ahlstrom (1970)

Moser and Ahlstrom (1970)

Inhouse information2

Matarese et al. (1981)

Mukhacheva and Zviagina (1960); Matarese et al. (1981)

Gorbunova (1954); Matarese et al. (198 I); Inhouse information

Ahlstrom and Moser (Unpubl.)'

Moser et al. (1977)

Ahlstrom and Stevens (1976)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Kendall and Vinler (1984)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Kendall and Vinter (1984)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Washington (198 I)

Washington (1981)'

Washington (1981)'

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Blackburn (1973); Richardson (198 I)

Richardson (1981)

Inhouse informationS

Richardson (1981)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Peden (1978)

Okiyama and Sando (1976)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

See Richardson (198 I)

Inhouse information6

Inhouse information 6

Inhouse information 6

Richardson (1981)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Richardson and Washington (1980)

Russell (1976)

Inhouse information1

Inhouse information1

Russell (1976)

Kobayashi (1962)

Marliave (1981)

Matarese, In prep.8

Matarese, In prep'

Matarese, In prep.8

Inhouse information; Misitano (Unpubl.)'

Wnldron (Unpubl.)'O

Inhouse information

Faber (1976)

Richardson (Unpubl.)"; Inhouse information

Faber \ 1976)

Richardson (Unpubl.)"; Inhouse information

Marliave (1975)

Chapman and Townsend (1938); Haryu and Nishiyama (1981)

Kobayashi (1961)

Pertseva·Ostroumova (1960, 1961)

Ahlstrom .nd Moser (1975)
Table 3.~ontjnued.

Scientific name

Hippoglossoides elassodon

Hippoglossus stenolepis

lsopselta isolepis

Lepidopsetta bilineara

Limanda aspera

Microstomus pacificus

Parophrys vetulus

Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus

Pse/lichlhys me/anostic/us

Unidentified eggs:

Type A (probably

Atheresthes slomias)

Type C (demersal)

Type D (demersal)

Type M (Macrouridae type)

Common name

flathead sole

Pacific halibut

butter sole

rock sole

yellowfin sole

Dover sole

English sole

Alaska plaice

sand sole

arrowtooth flounder

grenadiers

Stage

E,L

L

E,L

L

E,L

L

L

E,L

L

Reference

Pertseva-Ostroumova (1961); Miller (1969)

Thompson and Van Cleve (1936)

Richardson, Dunn, and Naplin (1980)

Yusa (1957.1958); Penseva-Ostroumova (1961)

Penseva-Ostroumova (1961)

Hagerman (1952)

Hickman (1959)

Penseva-Ostroumova (1961)

Sommani (1969)

Inhouse infonnation l2

Inhouse information ll

Inhouse infannation l4

Inhouse information15

'E, H, Ahlstrom (deceased), Southwest Fisheries Center, NMFS, unpubL data,

'Believed to be S, nannochir,

'E, H, Ahlstrom (deceased) and H, G, Moser, Southwest Fisheries Center, NMFS, unpubL data,

'The specimens referred to these species had more preanal myomeres (ca, 3-4) than in the published descriptions but it is assumed thaI this is related to their developmenl off

Kodiak in water colder than off Oregon, the collection area thaI the descriptions were based on,

'At least two species of Gymnocanthus occur in the Kodiak area, however, the larvae of neither has been described, Among the preflexion larvae of this genus found in this

study, a distinctive type based on larval pigment and morphology was found, This was designated Gymnocanthus A, Other specimens of Gymnocanthus that did not have these

characteristics were designated Gymnocanthus spp,

'The taxonomy of Myoxocephalus in the nonheast Pacific is poorly known, Two types of larvae were found: Myoxocephalus G, which had a characteristic pattern of dense

melanophores uniformly covering the preanal pan ofthe body, and Myoxocephalus B, a more variable type that might include more than one species with only light pigment mainly in Ihe ventral postanal region, Myoxocephalus spp, are mainly larger specimens in which the larval pigment characters have been overgrown by juvenile pigment, although some

smaller specimens which could not be referred to a type are also included,

'These were distinctive types of agonid larvae, based on morphology and pigment, which could not be assigned 10 any of the species occurring off Kodiak, due 10 incomplele

developmental series and lack of study of larvae of this family,

'This family is represented by several nominal species off Kodiak, but the larvae of none of them have been described, Our samples contained specimens thaI formed a series of

Ronquilusjordani and specimens that were referred to the other genus,Bathymaster, panly by elimination. as well as small and mutilated specimens that were idenlified only at the

familial level.

9D, A, Misitano, Nonhwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, NMFS, unpubL data,

'OK, D, Waldron (retired), Nonhwest and Alaska Fisheries Center. NMFS, unpubL data,

"S, L. Richardson, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean Springs, MS, unpubL data,

"Type A fish eggs are about 3,0 mm in diameter, have a smooth chorion, no oil globule, and homogeneous yolk, They may be eggs of Atheresthes stomias,

"Type C fish eggs appeared to be demersal eggs that were stirred into the water column by near-bottom currenlS, or were collected when the net inadvenently louched the

bottom,

"Type D fish eggs are a distinctive type of demersal egg that is spherical with its surface covered with a few large points,

"Type M fish eggs appeared similar to macrourid eggs (Ahlstrom and Moser, unpubL), but were not assigned 10 thaI family because unknown eggs of other families in the area

may also have the characteristics of these eggs,

Average lengths of larvae collected in neuston nets appeared

larger than those taken in bongo nets, In fall mean lengths in

neuston nets were 33.4 mm and in bongo nets 23,5 mm (Table 6),

Mean lengths of larvae in winter were 40, I mm in neuston nets as

opposed to 33,2 mm in bongo nets, The increase in mean length

from fall to winter therefore ranged from 6,9 mm for neuston to

9,7 mm in bongo nets. Differences in mean lengths of specimens

collected in the two kinds of gear may be attributed to avoidance

and/or behavioral changes of the species with growth. Apparently

M. villosus larvae are no longer available to our sampling gear

after they reach about 55 mm.

Bathylagidae (App. Figs. 18-20).-Bathylagus pacificus larvae

were taken in bongo nets in small numbers in spring through fall.

They were most abundant in spring (App. Fig, 18) over slope

waters.

Eggs of Leuroglossus schmidti were collected in fall through

spring and larvae were collected in every season, Although a few

eggs of this species were taken in neuston samples, most eggs were

collected in bongo nets. Eggs of L. schmidti were found primarily

over the slope region in fall and winter (App. Fig. 19). Larvae

were also found in all seasons, primarily in slope waters (App. Fig.

7

20). Small numbers of larvae of L. schmidti, however, were found

near Amatuli Trough in summer and fall and west of Trinity

Islands in winter, suggesting intrusion of oceanic water to inshore

areas, inasmuch as L. schmidti is considered a mesopelagic

species.

Myctophidae (App. Figs. 21, 22).-Larvae of Prolomyctophum thompsoni were collected primarily in bongo hauls in low

numbers in all seasons. The larvae were mainly distributed over

slope waters deeper than 200 m, but they were also found over

Horsehead Basin and near Stevenson Entrance in fall.

Larvae of P. crockeri were collected in small numbers in summer only.

Stenobrachius sp. larvae, probably S. nannochir, were collected

in low numbers in spring through fall (App. Fig. 21). This taxon

was distributed primarily in midshelf and slope waters, but also

was found nearshore.

Stenobrachius leucopsarus larvae were collected in bongo nets

in all seasons sampled. They were widely distributed, occurring in

nearshore, midshelf, and slope waters (App, Fig. 22), This species

was most widely distributed in spring and summer.
Table 4.--Percent. occurrence and mean densit.y (number/',OOO m3 ) of fish egqs and larvae collect.ed in neust.on t.ows on cruises conduct.ed from 1977-79.

STAGE CRUISE' 1MF19 CRUISE' 40118 CRUISE, 2MF78 CRUISE: )MF18 CRUISE' 1P079 CRUISE, 4MF78 CRUISE: SMF78 CRUISE, 4MF77 CRUISE, lWE18

"'" OCCUR. JIlE,t,N NO. OCCUR. MEAN NO. OCCUR. MEAN MO. OCCUR. MEAN NO. OCCUR. MEAH NO. OCCUR. HEIoN NO. OCCUR. MEAN NO. OCCUR. MEAH MO. OCaJR. MEAN NO. SPECIES , PER 1000.) , PER 1000.) , PER 1000.) , PER 1000.] , PEP. 1000.) , PER 1000.) , PER 1000m) , PER 100011I 3 , PER 100011I)

=

UNIDENTIFIED 1.12 12.00 2.21 50.89 3.57 9.52

TELEOST TYPE A 5.62 48.77

TELEOST TYPE C

OSMERIO#oE 2.08 145.86

LEUROOLOSSUS SCHMIDTI 2.08 20.64 2.35 19.0) THEJlJGRA CHALCOCRAMHA 20.64 25.84 90.':'6 3.'l! 1-1.10 1.18 14.08 PLEURON!:CTIOAE 16.85 <;3 .4~ 23.86 10:.49 10.7, 18.00 33.67

GLYPTOCEPKALUS ZAOlIRUS 32.~" ]2.57 11.92

HIPPOGLOSSOIDES EU,SSOOON 7 .8~ 31.89 '9.32 '0:9.'3

lSOPSE"l"I'A lSOLEPIS 2.25 22.(7 5.68 55.4:l

LIMANDA "SPERA 20.45 248.67 57.63 8.33 51.14

HICROS'f'Q'lUS P"ClPICUS 1.12 21.::>1 43.19 '07 "'11

PU,TICHTHY$ STELu..TUS 1.11 43.29 1.14 52. 1

PLEUROMECTES QUMRIroB£RaJLA1'US 2.2!' '7.6'J

PSE"l"I'lCHTHYS MELAAOSTICTUS ;:1.66 3.5-,

LARVM;

U"IDENTTfJED 1.12 3~. 51 4.49 23.110 2.21 2••88 10.]! 12.15 4.00 54.57 DISINTEGRATED 7.95 26.00 11.86 20.95 2.22 D.49 OSKERIOA£ 2.21 299.00 ).57 88.)) 21.08 ':'. 2~ (5.56 31.02 18.18 80.84 KALWTUS YII.I.oSUS 13.48 22.104 6.14 26.92 102.86 52.98 lLll 29.68 45.105 11.35 12.00 30.98 28.24 '8.81 t1YCTOPItIDAE 1.12 D.89 1.33 19.19 STENOIUlACHIUS SP. 1.14 19.92 PROTQMYCTOPItUH TItOKPSONI ".vil H•. l' 1.33 (1.98 GADIDAE 1.110 16•• 56 TItEIL\GRA CItA1.COGIlAHXA 4.55 21.6. 2.67 20.31 MACROUkJDAE 3.51 36.03

GASTEIl.OSTtUS ACUI.EATllS 14.14 SEaASTES SPI'. 15.j4 18.18 29.H U.29 11.54 2.08 19.01 1.18 :7.01 "NOPI.O!'Ot1A flMBklA 14.17 19.99

HEXACkNtMTL>AE 6.74 2t>.48 5.62 51.34 9.09 67.88 4.00 43.03 2.]5 15.51 HUAGRAMPtl)S SPP. 8.99 39.28 3.41 610.66 28.51 51.61 10.17 34.02 22.22 )8.29 45 ••5 70.31 13.·33 25.82 9.101 28.19 HEXAGkAXHOS DECACkNlHUS 83.15 151. l~ 84.27 171.58 64.11 53.01 15.56 18.85 36.36 25.110 64.00 19.67 36.41 85.60 HEXACkAXHOS LACOCUItALUS 85.71 294.110 81.25 1103.33 91.18 593.13 100.00 155.26 50.61 56.33 45.88 107.46 HEllAGkAXHOS OCTQGRAHHUS 12.36 lO.34 5.68 23.81 64.29 111.69 50.00 89.51 91.11 120.83 100.00 111.11 45.33 31.90 45.88 54.23 HEXAGIl»OtOS STlllERI 32.58 21.51 31.08 29.89 5.68 30.15 28.57 11.66 4.17 41.91 55.56 60.08 100.00 151.70 810.00 64.14 83.53 111.17 OPHTOOON ELONCATUS 1.95 21.92

PLfllROG'RAl'01US 1t0NOrTUYCJOS 41.19 11.3J 31.46 89.95 13.)) 72.~ 81.82 35.10 106.67 88.109 102.35 118.29 canrDAE 2.25 24.19 2.21 21.102

ARTfJ)JUS HMESTkA.l.JS •. U 18.36 'L09 lL18 unOIUS MEANYJ, 1.110 15.02

CIMMOCAHTHUS SPP. 1.12 36.26

GYHNOCAllTItUS A L12 110.00

ItDUL£PTOOTUS SPP. 51.30 iO':'.H 35.96 166.65 5.6S 22.29 25.00 26.58 11.25 48.89 91.26 100.00 81.88 76.00 163.22 61.18 (04.52 HDUl.EPTOOTUS H!".Hll,£PJOOTUS 2.25 20.22 17.05 26.52

Il.EMJL£PlOOTUS JOP.DAlIJ 5.68 36.16

LEPTOCOTTUS Ail.MATUS 4.11 31.04 9.09 13.58 ItYOXQCf.Ptw.US SPP. 14.11 32.10

ItYOXDCf.PJlAl.US B LI2 310.55

KYOXOCEPJlA,LUS G 1.12 21.99

CYCLOPTEIlJOAE 1.12 15.53 1.14 32.89 3.57 11.105

APTOCYCLUS VENTlHCOSUS 2.22 30.]0 18.18 14.13 2.67 20.60 UTJlYKASTEJ.JOAE 1.14 12.94

BATHntASTER SPI'. ;.62 :6.48 1.12 16.86 51.110 295.110 64.29 18.55 )9.58 1•• 51 66.61 131.91 105.105 31.)6 21.0. ltl.82 29.63 1000QUJLUS JOIlDANI 2.21 14.15 14.29 11.5) 4.11 16.98 2.22 15.10

STlCKo\lJOAE 2.25 30.21 2.27 .3.105

ILNOP~IlCHUS INSJGNJS 1.14 21.08

CItJIl.OLOPItIS OtcOkATUS 5.62 109.910

STlCIlAEUS PUMCTAT\JS ).101 110.66

LYCONECTES At.EUTENSIS 111.85 71.80 34.09 49.103

PHOLJS SPP. 1.14 16 ••' PHOLlS LAUA 1.110 19.45

ZAP.OIlA SfLEMUS 2.25 120••0

AKMODY'T£S HEltAPT£IlUS 5.62 ll.18 2).36 .9.U

GLYPTOCUHAl.US ZACHlll.US 2.27 25.46

HIPPOGI.OSSOJO£S ELASSOOOM 2.21 13.99 U"JOOPSETTA IlLIMEATA 1.12 11.22 •• 55 17.5. MICIlOSTOMUS PACIF JCUS '.68 19.01 PSETTtCHTHYS t1£~NOSnCTUS 2.21 11.31

Gadidae (App. Figs. 23-26).-Larvae of Gadus macrocephalus

were collected in bongo nets in small numbers in spring and summer. The largest catches occurred in Shelikof Strait and west of

Trinity Islands in spring (App. Fig. 23).

Therugra chalcogramma eggs were collected in both bongo and

neuston nets in all seasons (App. Figs. 24, 25), but their greatest

abundance occurred in spring. They were taken primarily in

bongo nets and were distributed in nearshore, midshelf, and slope

regions. Th:: highest proportion of positive stations occurred in

spring in the area north and west of Trinity Islands. Theragra

chalcogramma larvae were taken mainly in bongo nets in fall,

spring, and summer (Table 5), but greatest abundance occurred in

the spring (App. Fig. 26). Like the eggs, larvae were found in

nearshore, midshelf, and slope regions; however, greatest abundance was centered in the area near Trinity Islands. More recent

studies have shown a major center of abundance of eggs and larvae in Shelikof Strait (Bates and Clark4 ).

In spring bongo catches, T. chalcogramma larvae were 2-8 mm

(mean 5.5 mm) long; in summer, they ranged from 5 to 37 mm

long (mean I9.1 mm), as shown in Table 6.

'Bates, R. D.• and J. Clark. 1983. Ichthyoplankton off Kodiak Island and the

Alaskan Peninsula during spring 198 I. NW AFC Processed Rep. 83-09, 105 p.

Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center. National Marine Fisheries Service. NOAA,

2725 Montlake Blvd. E.• Seattle, W A 98112.

8

Macrouridae (App. Fig. 27).-Unidentified macrourid eggs

were collected in bongo tows mainly in summer and fall, primarily over slope waters (App. Fig. 27).

Scorpaenidae (App. Figs. 28, 29).-About 18 species of

Sebastes are reported off Kodiak Island (Quast and Hall 1972);

however, their larvae cannot be distinguished presently. Collections of Sebastes spp. larvae were made from late spring through

early fall. They were caught primarily in the bongo net, although

they also occurred in the neuston net, mostly in summer when

they were at peak abundance, as indicated by the bongo net

catches. There is evidence for a shift in distribution during the

season from offshore near the edge of the continental shelf in late

spring to over the continental shelf closer to shore in early fall.

The distribution pattern seen for the genus may be confounded

because several species are probably present in these collections

and each likely has a distinct pattern, which only partially

overlaps that of the other species.

Anoplopomatidae (App. Fig. 30).-Anoplopoma fimbria larvae occurred in neuston tows mainly near the edge of the shelf in

summer. The few larvae caught had a mean length of 19.1 mm

(Table 6).

Hexagrammidae (App. Figs. 31-40).-Hexagrammos decagrammus larvae occurred from fall through summer, primarily in
Table 5.--Percent ·x:cur renee .... _.n 1\u.ber po< '0 .' ot fish ...' .... l.arvae col.l.ec:ted in "'''0 ,~, on c:~is.s c:onduc:t-.::l t,o- "peil. 1912 '0 Sept_Me 1979.

CRUiSe;,

ST...c£

cx:a.rll. II£..... ~. 11£..... NO. OCCUII. M,EAMMO. .. 11£..... MO. M£IOO' 00. OCOJII. "£NlNO. OCCUII. ~~ 00. OCC\1Il. II£AMNO. OCCUIl. Ml:AMNO. OCCUR, '" M£AMMO.

S'tclrs P£1I10.2 '1I:IlIo.2 '£RIV. 2 '£Rl0..2 . '£11 To .. 2

'" 10. 2 PII:R'O.2 '" '~' P£R'O.2 .£IlTO.2 PElll0. 2

=UNIOENTI'IEO 1.'8 1.17

TELEOST TrPE A '.18 lT .~o

Tl:LEOSTTYI'EC 2~.07

TELI!:OSTTYP'I:0 '.1. 'o.~)

T£L£OST'l"l'f't"

OlSlNTtcAATEO

aAT>lYLI'<(;IOAl 2.21 6.n LE~LOSSUSSCItllIO'f1 7.9~ ~.26 ).., 8. 7~ to.~l , )~.48 '].7) I~.~O 27.06 J6.86

TNElUIGIIAC:No\LCOCIl~ 1.4' 17.01 27.78 40.12 '.14 6.72 ~.26 ~.14 lJ.71 7.99 3.5J •• 08

HACJlOUlllDAt 2.78 6.71 '9.n 28.69 7.69 '6.'6 16.67 19.19 4.62 8.4~ 5.26 6.69 1.92 19.62 9 •• ' 8.42

.LEUIlOflICTID.tll ' ).8~ 20.ll 15.2) 20.B4 J.8~ 4 •• 2 ~.~6 '2.26 1.54 T6.41

AntDI!:STNU STall AS

GLJPTOCt7K.U.US UOUJIUS If•• ]) J.29 18.89 '9.11 26.14 10.90

Ml'PO(;LoOUOIOU EW&$ODON 10.59 19.71 46.94 9.01 27.78 42.92 28.41 ,o.71

IS~SIETTAISOLEPIS 2.l~ 4.00 '2.50 '".7) Ll.......DAAS'1tJlA 1 7.0~ 2~.12

L'lCPSETTAlXILIS 2.27 6.19

MICROS'l'l:MU$'AClrICUS l~.21 10.~ ,

'AIl(l'MRlSVZTl/LUS

'LATICM'!"tSSTELVoT1JS 20.15

:~~~~~~SOUOQ;All~~~~~~~L.ATUS ", 6.06

L.AIlVAE

UNIO[NTrrrtu l.O' :1.18 1.18 1.\1 14.n I.U e.19

DISIIfTEl:;lATlD 'J .• 1.04 16.&1 '.H ".99 I.U 4 •• 9

CLU't:AMA.[f«;USPAII....sr c.I" 11.00

DSHlilOAE 11.i9 41.20 69.2] :9•. ~~ iO.OO U.18 h.l~ /J.6: H.U n8.n

IU.LLOtIISVILl.oSUS :9.2) 1212 S. ~6 lI.n n.). I•. ~8 ~l. 6l n.06 UTNrUCUSIlIL.Ll.1 2.21 ,.~

eATMrlACUS'ACJrICUS 1.4, 6.8} l.n •• S: Id.lI I.ll ::.11 l.dO \.H 8.1:

LlU.OCLOUUS SC~IOTr 1~.9. 1•• J8 LH 4.8" :0.10 1.11 1.11 ~.U ~. 81 /.41

~rcro'HIDAE

I•• " 6 ••)

~. \1 1./8

II.lO

1.14 ~. ~~

SUMO'lACHruss'. '1.:1 I J. 6~ :'.12 I. 8~ 2:14 ~. ~6 1.11 :8.'~ 1/.11

SUMO.UCHr\l5L(lICoPS....US 6.82 1}.6: .~.~l 11.69 28. ~: 1.14 l~.n :~. O~ /l.U : ~.OS H61 :l.H

I'IOTOMICro'HlIlClllCKLlI

8.:6 Ll' I.O~

I'IOTOl'lrCTO'HUMT_I'SOIIl I.U I.I~ •• 9\

GADIDAE 10. ~: ,... l.41 lo.a CADUSlU.ClllCft1lo\LUS 20.~: l.,,~ 1.:4 ".69

IlIClOGADUS "OU"US 1.0. 1.19

TMf.AClACIlAt.C()(;&NO\A 26.S] ~.h 22.12 HI.)9

I'iElLUCClus'tODUCTIIS

~.O.

2.1. J:. ~:

tUlUQlall).l.f 1.108 1.1. ~. 6.

SfUSTUSPf'. 2.0" 1.0/ S6.81 ~L'O

AIlO'LOI'OMA '''t''l~

1.. 4 J.lI

".011 l.ll

NlXAla."""'OSSPfI. 6./1 •• :8

HllAG1AH.K1SDtCAGilNt.MUS l:.W 1./6 II. l~ ~. 82 \.16 ~. 11 ~.U S.U

MUAlaAlO(lS I....GOCUMA.LUS 6:.1~ 1:.01 60.00 :1.21 :S.I'i 8.19 ]." .... HElAGUXlt;')S OCTOC1A,llMUS 14 .•' 16.)() h.61 9./: :~. 1'1 ~.24 l.91 S••6 I. l~ e. ~1

HflAGUllllJSSULLUI ).,,: ~.91 1_18 ".9/ 1).18 :1.1: 8./& :O.H 1.9: 9.80 1.01 9.\1 '1.10

PUlIaOC._USMOMOl'TUrCIUS I:.l~ 6.81 J.H l.9S

H.81 11 ••• 9.80 10.63 ~.l" 10.99

COTTIDAL 2.lI ~.}4 : I. 6~ 6.0: 1.18 •• ;1

AJlTWIIJSSPP. 2.11 10. \~ :.H ~. 16 ~. 26 ~. :"

::~:::: ~:~~: 6.81 '" 1.69 ~. ,,: 1.26 II. ~9

1.1\ l.09 '" 1.46 ~. 26 4.7<0

.....TWIUSItV./lTl 12. ~O 8.99

CLUOCOTTIIS SPl'. 1.1\ ~. 1<0

w.STCOTTUS S"ICU 1.0" 1.10 1.1\ 21.S:

Ctl'l*XAlITHUSSPP. •• Dd 11.91

CnorOCAIITHUSA lO.OO 1.90 26.S] 2.9l

IIDULl'IDOTUS SPP. 19.41 6.11 1.0\ 1.0:;

IIEHJUPJOOTUS MfKILUJDOTUS 1.18 S.ll

IIEHlTlIl'TUUS VILLOSUS

ICf.LIMUSSPP. 2,0\ 0.18

1IAUCOC00000StOtlU.US , 8.16 ,.~ ,.~ 1.09

NlOJOCftlU.LUSSPP. l.n ,... '.12 2.21 1.18 8.21

IffOJOCUlIALUS • 8.2. 9.21 14.29 l.ll

IlTOIOCUIlAl,USC ~. 58 6.n 1\.29 ,.» lADULJIIUSSPP. 1.0. 0.61

lAOOLlIIUS U"f.LLIIS

nJCUlPSsPI'. 1.\8 ".12 ".08 D.n

.\lAlllIDAI ~. 18 6.';S '" S.IS 14.29 1.24 Lid

.w:.Dllll).l.[A 10.,0 :.lJ 2.18 •. :0

M;OIIIDAfC 6.12 1.21 2.18 6.iO

CTCLOPTfllDAI n.n 1.18 8.)] 1.9:

.v'TOCTCLUSVt/lTlICOSUS

L"UUS'LOt..\I.

niCHOOOHU1CIlOOlM

J.\TIITKASTflSPI'. n.18 61.l6

:~r~~~~:-Llo\Hr l2.1} '.M 1.0. 1).19 Ll.l' 6.14

o\MO'UIlCIIUSIHSICllrs ,... 0.61

CMllllUl'lIrSoECo.....TUS

LUK'UfLL.ALOtlCIlOSUIS

LlIMPtllUSSAGITTA 12.1\ I.O~

LIJI'II'UUSIlAC\lUoTUS )".69 1.9J

STlCIlAOIS,UllCTAtIIS 1.14 l.ll

LTC<MItctlSA.LEUUlIsrs 1.18 6.06 6.82 ..'" PIIDLIDIll 2.18 12.11

PIIOLISSPP.

PTrLICIlTHlSCOODlI 2.18 1.\1

Z.o\PlOf.ASll.UUS 8.)) 6.i2 1.\\ 6.61

AIO(IOnrs HUAnllUS n." II.U 2.lI 1.11

'UllaOlltCTI.DAt l.H ~. '" ATHUtSTHESSTOIIIAS

Gl.lnOCUILU.IJSZACIII.US lO.68 8.61 I. ~\

III'fOGl.OS50IDUtUoSSODOll "6.Si '.on 1.08 ::g~ ISOf'SntA ISOU,/S 2.04 0.18 :a. 18 10. I~

U'IDOPSlTTA IILrMEAU )S.IO 6.H 2'.1\ 8.16 l. a~ 6 ••0 I. ~\ ~. J" LllWlDAASlltlA lO./I 1.22 ,... ~. J9 ItICIlOSTOlQlS'ACIPICUS

'UO'Il.lSlftTUUlS

'UoTICHTlIlSSTf.Ll.AtIIS 2.18 1.26

~~~~~~~ :::~~~~~~UoTUS 8.ll 8.62 ~O. 91 H.~9

HlrPOGLOSSUSSTEIOOl.E,rS 2./8 6.H l.!\ ~. 10

the neuston net (App. Figs. 31,32). They reached their maximum

seasonal abundance in winter and spring, as opposed to the other

hexagrammids found around Kodiak Island which are more abundant in fall. They were still present in over half of the neuston

tows in summer when the other hexagrammids were in < 10% of

the tows. The larvae were taken in bongo tows mainly in areas and

at times when they were abundant in neuston tows. In neuston

catches they were about 10-11 mm long in fall and winter, 11.8

mm in spring, and 19.7 mm in summer (Table 6). The larvae were

caught mainly at nearshore and midshelf stations in fall, but

became distributed all across the shelf in the other seasons.

Hexagrammos lagocephalus larvae occurred mainly in neUSlon

samples during a relatively short portion of the year-fail (App.

Figs. 33,34), when they were 9-10 mm in mean length (Table 6).

Apparently they become demersal at a smaller size and younger

age than other hexagrammids. since none larger than 19 mm were

caught and they were absent from samples after fall. They were

widespread, occurring in more than 80% and up to 98% of the

neuston samples from cruises in early fail, when their mean density was quite high (up to 593/1 ,000 m3 ).

9

Hexagrammos octogrammus larvae were first present seasonally

in the early fall cruises when specimens averaged 7.8 mm long

(App. Figs. 35,36, Table 6). They were at maximum abundance,

occurring in 91 % of the neuston tows, in October with abundance

decreasing until in spring and summer when they were in fewer

than 10% of the tows, had a mean length of 41.5 mm, and were

distributed rather evenly throughout the study area.

Larvae of Hexagrammos slelleri were present in neuston samples

throughout the year (App. Figs. 37, 38). The smallest larvae

(7.3-8.5 mm mean length) were caught in early fall and the largest

(51.1 mm) were caught in summer. They occurred in more than

50% of the neuston tows in October and November cruises. They

occurred throughout the study area, but appeared to be more abundant at nearshore stations than were the other hexagrammids.

Pleurogrammus monoplerygius larvae were caught primarily in

neuston tows from fall through spring (App. Figs. 39, 40).

Seasonally they reached maximum abundance in late October

when they occurred in over 80% of the neuston tows. Although

this species is reported to remain in the neuston until a larger size

than other hexagrammids, in this study the larvae increased in
Table 6.-Means and standard deviations of standard lengths (mm) by season of the more commonly caught larvae.

5.5 1.05 22.2 5.41 19.1 7.69

19.1 4.52

10.7 1.33 10.7 1.62 11.8 2.65 12.5 2.35 19.7 6.81

24.1 3.58

19.3 2.64 23.0 3.98

14.3 1.70 17.6 2.98

8.3 1.18 7.2 120 10.7 2.2~ 10.9 1.63 22.1 2.56

19.3 1.78

16.4 2.48 26.0 5.18

5.5 0.57 7.9 1.76 45.0 8.92

7.6 0.53 6.8 1.27

11.8 3.25

6.1 2.34 10.8 5.34

7.3 3.34

4.3 0.74 11.8 4.19

7.5 1.00

5.5 1.61

mean SO mean SO

40.1 7.96 33.2 6.63

mean SO mean SD

6.7 1.80

10.0 6.90

Fall

Neuston Bongo

mean SO mean SO

33.4 9.69 23.5 8.02

4.2 0.21 5.0 0.61

9.9 107 10.0 0.95

8.9 1.60 9.6 1.49

8.9 2.51 9.5 2.60

10.8 2.53 10.4 1.66

10.3 0.79 10.6 0.34

5.9 1.12 5.1 0.88

Bongo

Summer

Neuston

mean SO mean SO

Neustoll Bongo

Spring ---------- BongoWinter

Neuston

MallolUs villosus

Theragra chalcogramma

Anoplopoma fimbria

Hexagrammos decagrammus

H. lagocephalus

H. octogrammus

H. stelleri

Pleurogrammus monopterygius

Hemilepidolus spp.

Hemilepidotus hemilepidoluS

Lycoflectes aleutensis

Ammudytes hexlJprerus

Atheres/hes stomias

GlyplOcephalus zachirus

Hippoillossoides elassodon

IsopsetlQ isolepis

LepidopsettQ bilineara

Llmanda aspera

Microstumus paci/ieus

Psetfichrhys me/anostic/us

Species

mean length from 10.3 mm in fall 10 only 17.6 mm by spring

(Table 6). They were taken primarily over the outer shelf and

slope with fingers of occurrence extending shoreward associated

with the troughs.

Cottidae (App. Figs. 41-51 ).-About 3~ species of cottids occur in the Gulf of Alaska (Howe and Richardson 1978 5 ). Most

have demersal eggs, but Ihe larval stage: varies considerably among

the species in duration. appearance, and appa~ent importance as a

dispersal mechanism (Richardson and Washington 1980). Several

types of coltid larvae were recognized in our samples and th~y

cuuld be identified to various taxonomic levels (family, genus,

tyoe within a genus, species). Those that were identified only as

cottids were found during every season in bongo catches. They

were most abundant in spring and summer when they were widespread in nearshore and midshelf waters lApp. Fig. 41).

Larvae of Artedius harringtoni were collected in bongo tows in

every season except winter, but were most frequently found in fall

(App. Fig. 42). Then they were frequent parts ('If the catch, mainly

at some nearshore stations, and occurred less often at midshelf stations.

In bongo catches in summer, Arledius meanyi larvae were found

at scattered locations throughout the study area (App. Fig. 43).

They did not appear to be as concentrated in nearshore areas as

did some other cottids.

In bongo catches in spring, Gymnocanthus A larvae were found

mainly in areas adjacent to land, although some were found at

midshelf stations (App. Fig. 44).

Up to four species of Hemilepidotu.i may occur in the Kodiak

Island area, and it was not possible to identify the species of larvae

<18 mm. These larvae occurred in dl seasons and were about

equal in percent occurrence and mean length in both bongo and

5Howe, K. M., and S. L. Richardson. 1978. Taxonomic review and meristi~ variation in marine sculpins (Osteichthyes: Cottidae) of the northeast Pacific Orean. Unpub!. manuscr., 142 p. School of Oceanoglaphy, Oregon State University, Corvallis,

OR 97331.

neuston tows (App. Figs. 45, 46). They were most frequently

caught in mid-fall, but were in more than 25% of the tows from

September through mid-April. Their mean lengths increased from

4.3 to 4.6 mm in September to 22.1 mm in July (Table 6). They

occurred throughout the study area, and no definite pattern of

distribution was evident. This may have resulted partly from the

presence of larvae ('If more than one species with overlapping

distributi0n.

In summer some Hemilepidotus larvae were large enough to

identify by adult meristic characters. Most numerous were the

Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus which occurred at several widely

scattered lucations throughout the study area, mainly in neuston

collections (App. Fig. 47).

Larvae identified as Myuxocephalus spp. occurred primarily in

neuston samples during the summer (App. Fig. 48). They were

widely scattered from nearshore to slope stations mainly in the

northern part of the study area.

Larvae of MyoxcJcephalus B occurred mainly nearshore off the

southern part of Kodiak Island in bongo tows in spring (App. Fig.

49).

Mvoxocephalus G larvae were present in nearshore areas in

bongo collections in spring. They were mainly off the southeast

coast of Kodiak Island, but some were also caught at the northern

end of the study area off the tip of the Kenai Peninsula (App. Fig.

50).

In summer, Radulinus asprel1us larvae occurred in bongo

catches primarily south of the center of Kodiak Island in nearshore and midshelf areas (App. Fig. 51).

Agonidae (App. Fig. 52).-ln bongo catches in spring and

summer, unidentified agonid larvae were scattered ('Iver the sampling area. No distinct pattern of occurrence was noted, except

that they were absent from the outer shelf and slope areas.

Although the patterns in the two seasons are dissimilar, the differences are probably insignificant, because the larvae were so

sparse and their specific identity was not determined.

4gunidae A larvae were present in bongo tows in spring at scattc~ed midshelf areas (App. Fig. 53).

10
Cyclopteridae (App. Figs. 54, 55).-Larvae of unidentified

cyclopterids were caught in bongo tows mainly in nearshore and

midshelf areas in spring and summer (App. Fig. 54).

Larvae of Aptocyclus ventricosus were found in neuston collections in fall in a few scattered midshelf areas (App. Fig. 55).

Bathymasteridae (App. Figs. 56-59).-Bathymaster spp. larvae were abundant in both neuston and bongo tows from spring

into fall. A complex pattern was seen with vast differences in frequency of occurrence between the two nets during the same

season (App. Figs. 56, 57). These differences may be due in part

to the presence of larvae of more than one species of Bathymaster

in the samples with different behavior patterns and spawning

seasons. Except in summer, when caught throughout the study

area, they were rarely caught at the most shoreward stations.

These larvae seem to become more neustonic with development,

since in spring they were more abundant in bongo than in neuston

catches, while the reverse was true in fall. They seemed to be most

abundant in waters over the troughs that cut into the shelf off

Kodiak Island.

Larvae of Ronquilus jordani were caught widely in bongo samples in summer (App. Figs. 58,59). They occurred from the nearshore area to beyond the edge of the shelf. In fall neuston tows

were more localized in the area of Kiliuda Trough and Horsehead

Basin.

Stichaeidae (App. Figs. 60-62).-A number of larvae identified only as stichaeids were collected primarily in spring (App.

fig. 60). Because several species were involved, no obvious pattern in their distribution could be ascertained.

Larvae of Lumpenus maculatus were collected in bongo nets in

spring (App. Fig. 61). These larvae were taken in nearshore and

midshelf areas and in northeast Shelikof Strait.

Larvae of L. sagitta were collected in bongo nets in spring (App.

Fig. 62). This species was found almost entirely in nearshore

waters.

Other identified stichaeid larvae collected in small numbers

(Tables 4, 5) included Anoplarchus insignis, Chirolophis decoratus,

C. nugator, Lumpenella longirostris, and Stichaeus punctatus.

Cryptocanthodidae (App. Fig. 63).-Larvae of Lycvnectes

aleutensis were collected primarily in neuston nets in spring and

summer. In spring larvae were concentrated mainly near the

southern end of Kodiak Island and around the Trinity Islands. In

summer they were more widespread and caught more frequently

offshore than in spring, and tended to be concentrated in waters

over Kiliuda and Stevenson Troughs. The mean length of the larvae in neuston catches in spring was 16.4 mm (range 12-25 mm)

and in summer it was 26.0 mm with a range of 12-34 mm (Table

6).

Ammodytidae (App. Figs. 64, 65).-Ammodytes hexapterus

larvae were found in winter, spring, and summer cruises (Tables 4,

5). In winter they occurred only in the bongo net, whereas in the

spring and summer they were collected in both bongo and neuston

nets. These larvae were taken in neuston nets primarily in the

summer (App. Fig. 64) at nearshore and midshelf stations. They

averaged 45.0 mm in length (Table 6).

Larvae were widespread and abundant in bongo catches in

spring when they occurred throughout the study area. They were

most concentrated in the nearshore zone and highest catches

occurred off the southwest end of Kodiak Island and averaged 7.9

mm in length (Table 6).

11

Pleuronectidae (App. Figs. 66-84).-Unidentified pleuronectid eggs were taken in neuston and bongo nets mainly during

spring and summer (App. Figs. 66, 67). The majority were early

and middle stage eggs, about 1.0 mm in diameter, and are most

likely of four possible species: Platichthys stellatus, Psettichthys

melanostictus, Parophrys vetulus, or Isopsetta isolepis. In spring the

distribution of these eggs, as reflected by catches in both kinds of

gear, was essentially the same. They were found nearshore and

midshelf. primarily from Portlock Bank westward to Middle

Albatross Bank, although relatively isolated catches were made

over South Albatross Bank and west of Trinity Islands.

In summer catches of unidentified pleuronectid eggs were made

at nearshore and midshelf stations as in spring, but they were

found primarily from North Albatross Bank southwestward to

South Albatross Bank and west of Trinity Islands (App. Figs. 66,

67).

Eggs of Atheresthes stomias were collected only in winter 1979.

They were taken in bongo nets in small numbers at four stations

over slope waters. Larvae of A. stomias were captured in bongo

nets over slope waters in winter and spring (App. Fig. 68). Mean

length in winter was 7.6 mm (range 7-8 mm) and in spring their

mean length was 6.8 mm (range 5-10 mm) as shown in Table 6.

Glyptocephalus zachirus eggs were collected in neuston nets

mainly in summer (App. Fig. 69) and in bongo nets in spring and

summer (App. Fig. 70). In both kinds of gear, eggs were found

primarily over the outer shelf and slope areas; little difference was

apparent in the distribution of G. zachirus eggs among the two

kinds of gear.

Larvae of G. zachirus were captured in bongo nets only in the

summer (App. Fig. 71). They were found over midshelf and slope

areas, but largest catches were made primarily in the latter area.

Larvae ranged in length from 6 to 20 mm (mean 11.8 mm) as

shown in Table 6.

Eggs of Hippo!?lossoides elassodon were collected in neuston

nets mainly in summer and in bongo nets in spring and summer.

Neuston catches of eggs were primarily in nearshore and midshelf

areas (App. Fig. 72).

Catches of H. elassodon eggs in bongo nets in the spring and

summer were widely distributed. In spring they were collected in

nearshore and midshelf areas as well as in Shelikof Strait. In summer they were collected primarily in nearshore and midshelf areas

and west of Trinity Islands (App. Fig. 73). Larvae in spring were

collected only west of the Trinity Islands whereas in summer they

were widely distributed primarily in midshelf and slope waters

(App. Fig. 74). In spring larvae ranged from 4.5 to 15.5 mm

(mean 6.1 mm), and in summer they ranged from 4 to 24 mm

(mean 10.8 mm), as shown in Table 6.

Only late stage eggs of lsopsetta isolepis were identified. They

were found primarily in bongo nets in the summer (App. Fig. 75)

when they were taken mainly over Middle Albatross Bank. Larvae

were captured in bongo nets in summer at 15 stations over Middle

and North Albatross banks (App. Fig. 76). Lengths ranged from 3

to 13 mm, with a mean of 7.3 mm (Table 6).

Lepidopsetta bilineata larvae were taken in bongo nets in spring

and summer (App. Fig. 77). In both seasons they tended to occur

primarily in nearshore and midshelf areas, although they were also

taken near the slope. Lengths in spring ranged from 2.9 to 9.3 mm

(mean 4.3 mm), and in summer they ranged from 3 to 20 mm and

averaged 11.8 mm (Table 6).

Larvae of Limanda aspera were collected primarily in summer

in both bongo and neuston nets (App. Figs. 78,79). In both kinds

of gear, eggs were collected primarily in the nearshore zone. They
tended to be concentrated over North, Middle, and South

Albatross banks.

Limanda aspera larvae were taken primarily in bongo nets in

fall (App. Fig. 80). Larvae were also found primarily in the nearshore zone and principally over South Albatross Bank and near

the Trinity Islands. In fall they ranged from 3.6 to 10.0 mm in

length and averaged 6.7 mm (Table 6).

Eggs of Microstomus pacificus we::e collected in neuston and

bongo nets mainly in summer (App. Figs. 81, 82). Most M.

pacificus eggs were found at the edge of the shelf and over slope

waters. The geographical distribution of the eggs in the two kinds

of gear was similar.

Larvae of M. pacificus were taken only in summer, and then

primarily in bongo nets (App. Fig. 83). They were taken most frequently over Kiliuda Trough, but were also taken over the SIOpi~.

Larvae ranged in length from 5 to 10 mm and averaged 7.5 mm

(Table 6).

Only late stage eggs of Psetlichthys r~elanostictus were identified

to species. Eggs were captured in low numbers in neuston nets in

summer (Table 4) and in bongo nets in spring and summer (Table

5). They were taken primarily at nearshore and midshelf stations.

Larvae of P. melanOSlicluS were taken in bongo nets primarily in

the summer and in the midshelf region (App. Fig. 84). They

averaged 5.5 mm in length in summer and 10.0 mm in fall (Table

6).

Pleuronecles quadriluberculalus eggs and larvae were taken in

small numbers in neuston and bongo nets in spring (Tables 4, 5).

Eggs were collected in nearshore an:! shelf edge waters, and in

Shelikof Strait, while a single larvae was taken in Shelikof Strait.

Recurrent Groups (App. Figs. 85-87)

Results of recurrent group analysis using a 0.4 affinity level

(Fager 1957) on the larval fish occurrences by gear and season,

and all seasons and all data combined, show a complex community structure.

In neuston catches Hexagrammos decagrammus and HemilepidolUS spp. were associated with each other, or other species, during every season (App. Fig. 85). In fall and winter, other hexagrammids were associated with these two species to form a single

group, to which Balhymuslt'r spp. were associated in the fall. In

spring Lyconecles aleUlensis was a member of the HemilepidoluS

spp.-hexagrammid group. In summer the compusition had changed with a group consisting of Balhymasrer spp., Lyconecrt's ull'u,

lensis, and Ammodyres hexaprerus present. Sebasres spp. and

Hemilepidorus spp. formed a second group that was associated

with Barhymasrer spp. in the first group. Hcxagrammos Jecagrammus was also associated with BathymaSfer spp. and Myoxocephuhls

spp. was associated with Lyconectes aleutensis.

In bongo catches a more complex pattern was seen in most

seasons (App. Fig. 86). Hemilepidorus spp. and some of the hexagrammids were part of the groups in fall and winter. Various

pleuronectids were members of groups in every season but winter.

The gadids, Theragra chalcogramma and Gadus macrocephalus, as

well as three of the cotlids, were part of the structure in spring. In

summer five pleuronectids were part of the structure and Barhymaster spp. and Sebasres spp., along with two pleuronectids, were

members of the main group. In addition to the pleuronectids,

Srenvbrachius leucopsurus and Ronquilus jordani were associated

with some members of that group.

When the neuston data from all cruises were combined, two

groups were reccgIllzed CAppo Fig. 87). The larger group, with four

members and three associates, was composed of five hexagram12

mid species, HemilepidoluS spp. and Bathymaster spp. The other

group contained only Lyconectes aleutensis and Ammodytes

hexapterus.

When data from bongo samples from all cruises were combined, a pattern of 5 groups with 15 taxa emerged (App. Fig. 87). One

group contained Bathymaster spp. and Sebastes spp., along with

three pleuronectids as members or associates. Another group contained three cottids and was associated with a group composed of

Ammodytes hexapterus and Lepidopsetta bilineata. Another group

contained Hemilepidotus spp. and Mallotus villosus, and still

another Hexagrammos lagocephalus and H. octogrammus.

When data from all cruises and both the bongo and neuston nets

were combined, a group of frequently cooccurring species consisting of the hexagrammids, Hemilepidorus spp., and Mallotus villosus

was seen (App. Fig. 87). From the analysis of individual seasons

and nets, it was shown that this group was most strongly

represented in neuston catches in fall and winter. Only M. villosus

'"as associated mainly with bongo catches. Other groups present

in the combined data were Bathymaster spp. and Sebastes spp.

(mainly summer in both neuston and bongo catches), Ammodytes

hexapterus and Lepidopst!tla bilineata (spring bongo catches), and

three cottids: Gymnoranrhus A, Myoxocephalus B, and Myoxocephalus G (spring bongo samples).

Summary of Occurrences of Abundant Taxa

From the cruise results presented here, the annual cycle of

occurrence of fish eggs and larvae off Kodiak Island can be summarized by season and area (Table 7). The onshore-offshore patterns of distribution of ichthyoplankton were roughly characterized as nearshore « 60 km from shore), midshelf (40-80 km from

shore), and slope (75-;;>130 km from shore). The ichthyoplankton

was dominated by the generally ubiquitous hexagrammids and

Hemilepidotus spp. in fall and winter. Between fall and winter, larvae of Mallotus villosus shifted from nearshore to midshelf waters.

By spring, Theragra chalcogramma and some pleuronectids were

present, and in summer, several pleuronectids dominated throughout the area. Eggs of Theragra chalcogramma were caught mainly

nearshore, while the larvae were widespread throughout the area.

Other larvae abundant mainly in spring-summer were Ammodytes

hexapterus, Lyconectes aleutensis, and Bathymaster spp. Larvae of

the mesopelagic species Stenobrachius leucopsarus and

Leuroglossus schmidri were concentrated in slope waters, as were

eggs of Macrouridae where they showed little seasonality.

DISCUSSION

Extensive faunal surveys of ichthyoplankton have been

reported from relatively few areas of the world ocean, and such

studies in subarctic waters are even rarer. In the eastern Pacific,

Ahlstrom (1971, 1972) reported larval fish distributions in

tropical, mainly oceanic, waters and in the California Current

(Ahlstrom 1965). Although a number of ichthyoplankton studies

have been conducted off Oregon (see Richardson, Laroche, and

Richardson 1980), they have not been reported in such a way as to

document the seasonal cycle over a large area. Waldron (1981)

summarized ichthyoplankton studies in the eastern Bering Sea,

and found that data had to be accumulated from a number of

studies using different gear and methods to derive an annual cycle

of ichthyoplankton occurrence, and, in general, no estimates of

abundance could be made. The present study will allow comparisons of occurrence, and relative and seasonal abundance of

ichthyoplankton as studies in other areas are conducted. It will
Table 7.-Season and areas of major occurrences of the most abundant ta.a of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L) off Kodiak Island.

Winter Spring Summer

._----------=----.:.._---------- Fall

Nearshore

«60 km

from shore)

MallolUs villosus - L

TheraRra chalcogramma - E

Theragra chalcogrommo - El

Ammodyles hexapterus - LI

Pleuroneclidae - E

Pleuronectidae - E

!sopseua iso/epis - E

Limanda aspera - E

Midshelf

(40-80 km

from shore)

Osmeridae - L

Hexagrammos decagrammus - L

Bathymasler spp. - L'

MallolUs villosus - L

HeXQRrammOs oClogrammus - L

H. slelleri - L

Balhymasler spp. - L

Hippoglossoides elassodnn - E

Lepidopseua bilillealO - L'

Hexagrammos steller; - L

GlyplOcephalus zochirus - L

Hippoglnssoides elassodoll - E&L

PSt!ttichrhys melanvsliL'IUS - L

ISOpSellQ isolepis - L

Lepidopseua bilillealO - L'

Microstomus pon/feus - L

Slope

(75-;'130 km

from shore)

Leurog/osSUJ schmidti - E

Slenobrachius leuc:opsarus - LI

Macrouridae - E

Lcurolilossus schmidti - E&L

Acheresthes stomias - L

Steflobrachius It!ucopsarus - LI

Pleurogrammus monopterygius - L

Stenobrachius leucopsarus - LI

Macrouridae - E

Glyptucepha{us zachirus - E

Microstomus paC/ficus - E

Ubiquitous Ht!xagrammos lagocephalus . L

H. oc/agrommus - L

H. stelleri - L

Pleurogrammus mOfloplerygius - L

HemilepidoluS spp. - L

Hexagrammos decagrammus - L

Pleurogrammus monoplerygius . L

Hemilepidocus spp. - L

Theragra chalcogrammu - L

Hexagrammos decagrammus - L

H. slelleri - L

HemilepidoluJ spp. - L

Lyconectes aleuteflsis - L

Theragra chah:ogramma - L

SebaSleJ spp. - L

Hexagrammos decagrammus - L

BUlhymasler spp. - L

Lycoflcctes aleuteflsis - L

Ammodytes hexapterus - L

I Frequents other geographic regions also.

Figure 3.-Reported foreign nation trawl catches of fish in the Kodiak

study area, 1977-81, averaged for the 5 yr, reported and ranked by metric

tons.

some exceptions are Pleurogrammus monoplerygius, Anoplopuma

fimbria, and Sebasles spp. which compose a substantial part of the

fisheries catch, but are rare in the groundfish survey data. There is

some similarity between the groundfish survey data reported by

numbers of fish and the ichthyoplankton survey data. Both show

osmerids and pleuronectids as abundant members of the fish

fauna. However, the ichthyoplankton data indicate an abundance

of several smaller or cryptic fishes (e.g., Balhymasler spp.,

Stenobruchius leucopsarus, Ammodytes hexapterus. and

Hemilepidolus spp.) that are probably not sampled adequately by

the groundfish trawls. Ichthyoplankton data were not considered

extensive enough to allow interannual comparisons.

These comparisons indicate that the plankton net is probably

less selective than bottom trawls since larval fish as part of

plankton are in a physically less heterogeneous environment than

the adults. Vertically oblique plankton tows, such as those used for

these comparisons. produce samples that integrate through much

of the heterogeneity of the planktonic environment. However, life

history characteristics of the species complicate correlations bealso allow comparisons with other years in the Kodiak Island area.

Interannual changes in the relati ve abundance of eggs and larvae

of various taxa could signal changes in biomass or other population parameters of adults of those taxa.

Measurement of Kinds and Abundance of Fishes

One of the frequently stated goals of ichthyoplankton studies is

to provide information on the species composition of the fish

fauna of an area (Ahlstrom and Moser 1976). The supposition is

that the plankton net is less species-selective than anyone other

single type of sampling equipment and that the eggs and larvae are

far more abundant than the adults. Ahlstrom (1965) demonstrated

the applicability of egg and larval surveys in determining the

kinds of fish inhabiting the California Current. This technique has

not been applied elsewhere, partially because the extensive data

base required is not available. Many of the fishes of the California

Current system are pelagic in all their life history stages (eggs, larvae, juveniles, adults). In the Kodiak Island area, the fish community is composed of species that are pelagic during fewer of

their Ii fe history stages. There are few species that produce pelagic

eggs; Theragra chalcogramma and the pleuronectids are the major

exceptions. The juveniles and adults of many of the species are

demersal. Thus, although the data base from ichthyoplankton

surveys near Kodiak Island is not as extensive as that in the

California Current, it is of interest to compare the species composition and relati ve abundance as reflected in these surveys with

that reflected from information based on adults.

Comparison of three measures of species composition and

abundance (two based on adult catches, one based on larval

catches) reveals differences that can be attributed to a number of

causes. The fisheries catch data gi ve a biased view of the

assemblage due to selection based on economic value of the

species and legal restrictions (Fig. 3). Compared with the other

measures, the fisheries catch indicates greater abundance of larger

bodied species. Theragra chalcogramma ranks first in both the

fisheries and the groundfish survey data, and it ranks third in the

ichthyoplankton data (Figs. 4, 5). The fisheries and groundfish

survey data reported by weight show similar rankings of species;

I

10 000

Metric tons (x 1000)

20000

Theragra chalcogramma

A theresthes stornias

Sebastes spp.

Anoplopoma fimbria

Mdcrouridde

Microstomus pacificus

Lepidopsetta bitineata

Sebastolobus spp.

Hippogtossoides elassodon

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides

Limanda aspera

30000

I

13
';g/ha no.lha

Mallows villosus

Hippoglossoides elassodon

Canidae

Microgadus pro1(imus

L imanda aspera

Tnaleichthys pacificus

rrichadan trichodon

Lepidapsetta b,lineata

Alh~resthessromias

Glyprocephalus zachirus

Gadus macrocephalus

Number of trawl

hauls considered:

Winter 413

Spring 891

Summer 873

Fall 116

total 2293

60 40 20 100 200 300 400

I

r------'--'-.---'-------i--.:..:i..::..----.-::..I:..------:l:::....--~

Theragra chalcogramma

Clupea harengus pallas"

Lvca./es br2vipes

Is('psf3tta isolepis

Hef1;I!epldo(rJS jordani

Figure 4.-Abundance of fishes in the Kodiak study area as indicated by groundfish survey catches, reported and ranked as

numbers of fish per hectare (hal and also reported as kilograms per

hectare.

Seb.Jstes alutus

MiLfu,:romlJS paciticus

I (IPP(jg/~ssus steflolepis

Lumpe'1ella longirostris

Pleurogrammus monopterygius

Anoplopoma fimbria

Comparative Early Life History Patterns

Figure S.-Estimated numbers of fish larvae produced annually in the Kodiak

study area. (Su. = summer, F. = fall, W. = winter, Sp. = spring.)

(ween numbers of fish larvae caught and numbers of adults present. Life history parameters such as fe undity, longevity, type and

size of egg, extent of parental care, and duration of larval life must

be considered in making correlations between abundances based

on plankton surveys and those based on adult populations.

There are several postulates concerning reproduction of marine

animals at high latitudes as opposed to low latitudes that can be

examined by comparing the early life history patterns observed

off Kodiak Island with those of fishes from more temperate or

tropical areas. Marshall (1953) put forward the idea that fishes

reproducing at high latitudes and in the deep sea would produce

relatively few, large, yolky eggs that would hatch into comparatively advanced larvae. This seems to be related to the advantages

larger larvae would have in securing food in the seasonally varying environment. Marshall (1953) also noted the tendency of fish

at high latitudes to dispense with the planktonic egg and larval

stages. In summarizing breeding patterns of fishes near the British

Isles, Qasim (1956) concluded that northern forms breed in winter

or early spring, and their breeding season lasts 3-4 mo, during

which individuals spawn only once. Breeding in southern forms is

during spring or summer, lasts 5-6 mo, and individuals spawn

several times during the season. Off Kodiak Island, pelagic eggs of

relatively few species are found since most fishes in the area produce demersal eggs (Kendall 1981). Pleuronectidae is the only

family in the area that is represented by several species that produce pelagic eggs. Theragra chalcogramma, a gadid, is also an

important member of the fish fauna off Kodiak Island that produces pelagic eggs. Most other pelagic fish eggs found off Kodiak

Island are produced by mesopelagic fishes that probably have

their centers of abundance well off the shelf. Theragra chalcogramma eggs are found beginning in fall with peak abundance in

spring. The pleuronectid eggs are found primarily in spring and

summer. These features correspond to Marshall's (1953) idea that

at high latitudes most fish produce large, yolky eggs (demersal

eggs lend to be larger and are denser than p::lagic eggs). Following

Qasim's (1956) ideas, the pleuronectids, breeding in spring and

summer, would have their centers of distribution south of Kodiak

Island, while T. chalcogramma, breeding in the colder parts of the

year, would have its center of abundance further north.

Most of the pleuronectids off Kodiak Island are wide ranging

and occur from California to the Bering Sea, but their abundances

in different parts of their range are not known accurately.

However, some difficulties arise in applying Qasim's (1956) principles to the observed spawning seasons of these fish. The

breeding season of several of the pleuronectids further south, off

Oregon, is winter (Richardson, Laroche, and Richardson 1980).

Thus it seems that, in general, the pleuronectids off Kodiak Island

spawn later in the year than they do further south, which indicates

laster spp. (Su.)

ta iso/epis (Su.l

dae lEI

fossoides elassodon (Su.)

psetra bilineata (Sp.l

hthys meJanostictus (Su.)

es spp. (Su.)

if chalcogramma ($p.)

epidotus spp. IF.)

dYles hexapterus (SP.)

us vil/osus (W.)

acephalus zachirus (Su.l

rachius leucopsarus (Su.)

11 11.5 12

Lag of number of larvae in survey area

10 10.5

I: , , I

I Bathyn

I Seb;>st

I Theragr,

I Osmeri

I Hemil

I Ammo

I Mallor

I Psettic

I Hippog

I Lepido

I Glypt

I Stenob

I Isopset

14
that off Kodiak Island they are north of their cen ter of abundance.

However, Atheresthes stomias, Limanda aspera, and Reinhardrius

hippoglossoides are most abundant in the Kodiak Island area or

further north. Also, among the pleuronectids Lepidopsetll1

bilineata, with demersal eggs, and Arheresthes stomias, with

pelagic eggs, spawn earlier (primarily in spring) than the others

and Limanda aspera spawns later (extending into early fall).

Lepidopsetla bilineara is abundant throughout the north Pacific

rim, while L. aspera is the dominant pleuronectid in the Bering

Sea, where eggs are caught in summer (Waldron 1981). Atheresthes stomias is also abundant in the Bering Sea. The seasonal

spawning pattern of these fish would thus indicate that L. bil/neata

and A. stomias are more abundant north of Kodiak Island and L.

aspera is more abundant south of Kodiak Island, when, in fact,

this is the case only for A. stomias.

Theragra chalcvgramma, whose eggs are found in the plankton

off Kodiak Island from fall through spring, occurs in abundance in

the northern Gulf of Alaska and in the Bering Sea where it

dominates the fish fauna. It ranges from off central California in

the eastern Pacific to the southern Sea of japan in the western

Pacific. With its spawf!ing season during the colder part of the

year, according to Qasim (1956) its center of abundance should be

north of Kodiak Island. This seems to be the case. although there

appear to be localized spawning stocks throughout its rangt: which

may be quite abundant, and adapted for local hydrographic conditions. Spawning seems to take place primarily in winter and

spring throughout its range.

Turning to the bulk of the fish off Kodiak Island, the fauna is

dominated by fish that lay demersal eggs, and these are mainly of

the order Scorpaeniformes. The larvae of these fishes, representing several species of hexagrammids and cottids, were abundant in

all seasons. Fish other than scorpaeniforms that lay demersal eggs

and whose larvae were frequently caught included osmerids,

bathymasterids, and several stichaeids. Most of these taxa enter

the plankton in spring or summer, and some remain pelagic for up

to a year before assuming demersal habits (Garrison and Miller

19826 ). Ammodyres hexaprerus is exceptional in that it spawns

demersal eggs apparently in winter with most small larvae found

in spring and large larvae found in summer.

The many fish off Kodiak Island that arise from demersal eggs

enter the plankton at a larger size than larvae from pelagic eggs.

This is particularly true of the larvae that enter the plankton in

late summer and fall to spend the winter there. The larvae

originating from pelagic eggs are generally from species that

spawn in spring or summer. In accord with Marshall (1953), the

fish with larger larvae would be better suited for the high latitude

environment than those with smaller larvae. The difference in

spawning season between fish with demersal and pelagic eggs

may allow both types to maintain populations in this subarctic

regime.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the following people at the Northwest and Alaska

Fisheries Center: Jay Clark and Richard Bates for data processing;

Jay Clark, Ann Matarese, and Kenneth Waldron for assistance in

field operations; and James Peacock and staff for graphics production.

'Garrison, K. J.• and B. S. Miller. 1982. Review of early life history of Puget

Sound fishes. FRI-UW-8216, 729 p. Fish. Res. Inst. Univ. Washington.

15

This study was supported, in part, by contract from the Outer

Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program.

LITERATURE CITED

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1965. Kinds and abundance of fishes in the California Current region based

on egg and larval surveys. Calif. Coop. Oceanic. Fish. Invest. Rep. 10:31-

52.

1909. Remarkable movements of oil globules in eggs of bathylagid smelts

during embryonic development. J. Mar. BioI. Assoc. India 11:206-217.

1971. Kinds and abundance of fish larvae in the eastern tropical Pacific.

based on collections made on EASTROPAC I. Fish. Bull., U.S. 69:3-77.

1972. Kinds and abundance of fish larvae in the eastern tropical Pacific on

the second muliivessd EASTROPAC survey. and observations on the annual

cycle of larval abundance. Fish. Bull.. U.S. 70:1153·1242.

AHLSTROM, E. H., and H. G MOSER.

1975. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current reginO'

Oatfishes, J955 through 1960. CalCOFI Atlas 23. 207 p.

1976. Eggs and larvae of fishes and their role in systematic investigations

and in fisheries. Rev. Trav. Inst. Peches Marit. 40:379-398.

AHLSTROM, E. H., and E. STEVENS.

1976. Report of neuston (surface) collections madc on an extended CalCOFI

cruise during May 1972. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 18:

167-180.

ARON. W.

1~62. The distribution of animals in the eastern North Pacific and its rela~

tionship to physical and chemical conditions. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 19:

271-314.

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16

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17

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4MF77

31 October14 November 1977

2KE72

26 April-5 May 1972

I:> I:> 511001(

boo ... 58 OOM

.. r)~v',\• • ' •

.. {~t ;?: .'. .. ~~.: 57 0011'

. . '. c?Cb ... . ..

. .. .

:

. .

. .- (l ..

... .

4DI78

28 March20 April 1978

.. ..

2MF78

19 June-9 July 1978 5600N

. .

......... ...

.

4MF78

26 September7 October 1978

~Cb • V ... . ... ... .... .. ... ... 3MF78

9-21 September 1978

t5600W lS5 OOW l5300W 152 0011 151 00'" 150 00.... '5.00'01 15300'" 151 0011

Appendix Figure 1.-1chthyoplankton sampling stations, cruises 2KE72, 4MF77, 4Dl78, 2MF78, 3MF78, and 4MF78.

18
..

.

.t?a:••

5MF78

19 October1 November 1978

1WE78

25 October17 November 1978

.

...

..

5900,.

5TOOH

lMF79

13 February11 March 1979

1.5600ll' 155001/

5TI79

16-24 May 1979

15' 00'11 152 0011 151 0011

° 0t?Ch q,

0

0

0 0

0 0

() 0

o

lP079

2-29 September 1979

S8CON

KEY

• Neuston

• Bongo

• Neuston and bongo

o Bong

o Neuston and bong

6 Neuston, bongo and bong

lS500'll 15JOOw 151 DOli 150001/

Appendix Figure 2.-Ichthyoplankton sampling stations, cruises SMF78, lWE78, IMF79, STI79, and IP079.

19
Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

SPECIES SPECIES

Vl LEVItOClOSSUS SCHl"IIOT I

r THERACltACHAlCOCRAI"J1A

en "IHHI[STHES STOMIAS LEUflOClOSSUS SC....IOTl

en TH[RACRA CHAlCOCRAl"ll'\A UIIIOOIIFI£O

8AI1"lfLACIDA[ ATH[RESTH(S SUlf1IAS

LU UNIDENtiFIED 8ATHllACIOA[

HIPPOClOSSOIO£S ELASS300N HIPPOClOSSOIOES £LASSOOD"

0 •. __,~,._~_~12.0IJ

c;l HEf'lILEPlOOTUS S,.P. PUL.LotUS'fILLOSUS ---, Z I1ALlOIU$ 'l'ILLOSUS H[r'llLEPIOOTVSSP".

0 I1£UGRA1tt1(J$D[CACRAl'ftJS LEUROClDSSUS SCHnIDTI

lEUROCLOSSU$ SCHl"lIDTI H(JACR,o\/ftJS OECAGRAtft.I$

CO PLEUflOGRAl"llJS l"IO"~l[R'CIUS STEMD8RACHIuS LEUCOPSARUS

Q) AIHERESHtES srOltIAS 'LEUftOCRAl"llJSt1ONO"IERTGIUS

ST[NOIRACHIUS l£OCOf'SoIJtUS ATHERESHtES STonlAS =;::J co TlUClD!'S S,I'. At'I100YTES H£ltAPTEItUS

> AIW'IODTTES IfEU.PTERUS TIIICLOf'SSP".

"- HEUGR,fJftJS SfELlEIlI UTHYLACVS I'''(lfICUS

co aA'HflACUSPAClfICUS PROT0I11CTOf'HI.m T!'fO,..,SOHI

-l PROTOMTcrOf'I1t,/M TIiOI"i'SOHI HEItACRAl'W'()SSTELtERI

COTTIOAE COTTIOAE

lTCOHECTES AlEUTEMSIS LTCOllECTES ALEUTEHSIS

TRICHOOOIi HlICItOOOH UlllDEllrlFIEO

"AlACOCOTTUS ZOHUIWS 1 HEItACflA1ftJS Sf'''.

ItEMIHllPT[RUS Y1LLOSUS rtAlACOCOTTUS ZOIiURUS I

MACROURIDAE SI[HOBRACItIUSSP.

HBACRAMl10S SPP. rtACROURIOAE

srENoBRACHluSSP. HOUTRIPtERuS YllLOSUS

UNIDENtiFIED TRICItODDN TRICHOOON

Vl ,.~ en -----2..ECIES SPECIES

Z en c=:J

0 LU THERACRACHAlCOCRAMt1A THEflACRACHAlCOCRAI"It1A

Ien Q) HE~ACRAJ'1nOS OECACRAHrIUS

r HEItACRAMI10SDECACRAIYtUS

r ::> co HEl'tllEPIODtuSSP,.. HEl'tILEPIOOTUSSPP.

LU > PlEUROCRA/"lMUS MONOf'TERYCIUS PLEUROCRAI'"tIlJSr1ONOPTEilTCIUS

H(XACRAtnJS SIELLERl HEXACR.tJ'ftJS STELLERI

Z "- rtAllOlUSYllLOSUS rtALlOTUSY1LLOSUS co

-l H[llACRAl'W'()S OClOCIlAt1t1US H[ItACRAIft1S0CTOCIlAI1t1US

HElCACRAt1l1IDAE H(~ACIlAt1t1IDAE

BAfHyl'tASI[IlSPP. BATHYKASTERSPP.

SE8ASTfS .f'P. UtlIDENTIFIEO

UNID[/lllfII;;O S[8ASTESSf'P.

Appendix Figure 3.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 88

bongo and 89 neuston tows on cruise Il\1F79, winter 1979.

20
en

C'l

C'l

LlJ

Frequency of occu rrence (%)

SPEC! ES

TI1[RAGRA CHAlCOCFlAMMA

Pl[URON[CIIOA[

HlPPOGLOSS01DES f'..ASSOOOH

PLAT ICHIHYS SIEU ... IUS

ISOPSfT I A I 50tH I S

TELEOST "1PE A

UHIOEN1JFlFO

Log of number

in survey area

SPEC I ES

IHERACRA CHALCOCRAMMA

PL[URONECTIOAE

H!PPOGLOSSOIDES [LASSOOD'"

TELEOST I'PE'"

PLATICHTHT$ STELLATUS

UNIDENTIFIED

ISOPSElfA lSOLEP1S G

o

t?

Z

o

OJ

M"100rTES'iEXAPIERvS

LEPIOOPSETTABlllNEAIA

HEMllEPIOOTUS srI'.

CTNNOCAN1HUSA

Itt[RACRA CHA~COGRAMMA

COIIIO"E

SIICH...EIOAE

H(X"'CRANNOSOEC"'CRAMHUS

SIENOBR"'CHIUStEUCOpSARUS

CTCLDPTERIOAE

... THERESTHESSIOMIAS

LUMpENUSSACllfA

MTOXOCEpHAlUS B

UNIOEJoiTlflEO

MTOXOCEI'HAlUSC

HALlOJU$VltlOSUS

I'lEUROCRAMMUS 110NOpIERYClUS

ACONIOAE

CHIROlOPHISOECORATUS

PHD.ISSPP.

LfCONECIf:S"'LEUIEt<lS1S

HlpPOClOSSUS S1 ENO~Ep IS

M'OXOCEPH"'LUSSPp.

CAOUSMACROCEpttAlJS

LEUROClOSSUSSCHMIOTI

eAIHTlAGUSp"'CifICWS

HEXACRAMMOS SPI'.

MACROUR10...E

HEXACRAt1!1OS SJ(llEAI

QASlCOIIUSSEI1CER

AR1EOIUSM£ANYI

HEt1ILEpIOOTUS HEMIL(P100IVS

IRIClOpSSpP.

eAIHTt1ASIERSpP.

AMMGOlTES HDApTERUS

TH[RACRA ':H"'LCaGR"'~MA

LEP[;lOPSETTA BI~INEAU

I1[MILEPIOOTUSSPP.

STICHAe:!OAe:

CYf1tjOCANIMUSA

COilIOAe:

CyCLOPIEIIIOAe:

AOtEFlESTHES STOM]AS

ST(N08R,.,CH[USt[UCOPS"FlUS

UHIOE"fIFI[O

H[XACRAMMOS OECACRAMMUS

MYOXQCEPH"LUSB

LUI"PE>I~S S"CI n"

CHIROLOPH I OECORATUS

PHC~ IS SPP.

'1TJXOCEf'HALJSC

"CONIOAE

M"~.OlUS VI LLOSUS

BATH1LACUSPAClFICUS

BAIHI11"SIERSPP.

MACROURIDAE

QASYCOlfUSSE'I';ER

CAQUSMACROCEPHALUS

LYCON(CTESALE ..'IENS:S

tEUROCLOSSUSSCHMIDTl

PLEUROCR"Mt1USNONOPTERTCIUS

HIPPOCLOSSUSSIENOLEPIS

HEM I L(P I 00 Tus HE MIL El'l 0 0 T~IS

TR:ICLOPSSPP.

MfOXOCEPH"~US SPI>.

HEXACRAMMOSSpP

HEXA'-RAMMOS SIE~~ERI

ARTEOIUSi"!EANYI

z

o

le/)

::J

LU

Z

en

C'l

C'l

W

Q)

eo

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SPECIES

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I'lICRosrOMU$p"ClfICUS

UNIOENltfa:o

"lEXACRAMMOS OEC"'CRAMUS

HEX"'CRAMMOS STEllERT

HEMI ~f"PIOOTUS spp·

PtEoJRDCR ...I1MusnnHOpIERYC!JS

tlCON(CIESAl[UI[NSIS

t1[XACRAMMOSSPP..

MAll01USV!llOSUS

HEHCRAMNIOA[

CHIROLOpHISDECORAfUS

AI'1MD0T1(SHOAP1EftUS

UNIDENTIFIED

conlDAE

HEMTLEf'IOOIUSHEMllEPIOCIUS

SIICI'1AEIQAE

ZApRORASIlEHUS

LEPIDOPSEII" Bill/tEAl ...

BAIHYMASIERSpP.

CYClOPIERIDAE

MfOXOCEPHAlUSC

M'OXOCEPHA~US B

CTMNOCANIt1US A

CTMJoiOCAN1HUS SP?

MTCTOpHIOAE

SPECIES

PLEURONECIIDAE

lHHIACRACHALCOGRAMMA p=:

IELEOSI TYPE A _I

HlpPC.CLDSSOIOES ELASSOODN

MICRDSIOMUSPACIFICUS

lS0PSEITA lS0LEPIS

~~~~~~:~~~;SS~~;~: ;i~8ERCUL AIUS

UNIDENTIFIEO

9.00 10.00

HExAGRAHt'lDS DECACRAMMUS

HUlILEPIOOIUSSPP.

PLEUROCRAMMUSMONopTERrGIUS

LTCOHECTESALEUTENSIS

HEXACRAMMOSSIELlERI

HEXAGRAMMIOAE

ZAPRORASILENUS

CHIROtOPHISOECORAIUS

MALlOIUSV[ltOSUS

HExAGRAMOSSPP.

AMtt<lOTTES HEXAPIERUS

CrCtOPTER10AE

UNIOENTIFIED

SilCHAE10AE

BA!HTNASIERSPP.

COTIIOA[

CH1NOC... NTHUS SI'I'.

HEMILEl'lDOTUSHEMllEpIOOTUS

MTOXOCEpHAlUSB

M'C10pHIOAE

MTOXOCEPHA1USG

tEPIOOPSETTABlllNEATA

CTMt<lOCANIHUSA

.;;"

Appendix Figure 4.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 85 bongo and

III neuston tows on cruise 40178, spring 1978.

21
Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

CIl

OJ

OJ

LlJ

THERAGRA 5PECIES CHAlCOGRAHHA '~O~O~~~~§~~~~~?--" §~ I I HI PPOGLOSSOI DES ELASSODOPi .

UNIOENTIFIED

~~~~~~;:~~:~U~U~~;~;~~~RCUlATUS r----,----'

o

(,:)

Z

o

aJ

=_-'-'-=_==-----"=_-==-_'00 U!.l

AI'U1JDYTES H(XAPTERUS

LEPIDOPSETTA IlILlNEATA

COIl 10,.\[

51 EN08~ACHI us LEUCOPSAFlUS

LU"1PEHUS MACULA"US

CYMNOCANTtfUS It

TtfEFlACRA CHAlCOCRAMMA

DISINTEGRATED

CtClOPTERIOAE

GAOUS MACROCEPHALUS

GADIDAE

8A TI1YL "CUS PAC I FICUS

"CONIDAE

MYOXOCEPHALUS C

Q.) NYDXOCEPHALUS e co LUMP[NUS SACI TT A

> "-CONIDAE A

~~~~~~~~~~~~u~C~~ri~~OHI --J AIHERESTtfES Sl0l11A5

MALACOCQT IUS ZONURUS I

MVOXOCEPI1AlUS SPP.

"'CONIDAE C

MYCTOPtfIDA[

MACROURIDAE

ANOPLOPOMA FIMBRIA

fRICtors Sf?

BATHH'l.... SIER Sff'.

GYMNOCANTHU5 spp

QA5YCOTTUS SET I(;ER

HEM!LEPIDOTUS SP?

ANQPlAFlt,.HUS [NStCNI'i

SllCHAEiOAE

RAOULINUS spp

ISOPSETTA [SOlE?IS

ICELINUS SPP.

PHOllS SPf'.

HEXAGRAMI"lOS DECACRA/1HU5

A~TEDIUS HARRiNGTON I

SEBASTES SP?

111 CROCADUS PRDll II1US

IlSMERIDA[

UNIDENTIFIED

lHERAGRA CHAlCOGRAMMA

Atv100nES HEllAPTERUS

lEPIDOPSETTA BlliNEATA

STENDBRACHIUS LEUCOPSARUS

DISINTEGRATED

CTl"\tIOCANTHUS SPP.

COTTIOAE

GTI1NOCANIHUS A

BATH'LAGUS PACIFICUS

rnOxOCEPH....LUS B

LUMPEHUS t1ACUL .... TUS

CTCLOPTERIOAE

GADIDAE

GADUS MACROCEPHALUS

LEURDGlOSSUS SCHMIOTI

ATHERESTHES STDMIAS

UNIDENTIFIED

MTOllOCEPHALUS G

SATHTMASTER SPP.

PROTOHTCTOPHUM THOMPSONI

MTOllOcEPHAlUS SPP.

ACONIOAE

MTCTOPHIDAE

AHOPlOPOMA FIMBRIA

AGONIDAE A

M!.LACOCOT lUS ZONURUS I

STICHAEID!.E

MACRDUR IDAE

ACDNIDAE C

lUrlPENUS SAGITTA

SEBASTES SPP.

TRIGlOPS SPP.

DASTCOTTUS SElIGER

OSP1ERIOAE

HEMILEPIDOTUS SPP.

MICROCAOUS PROX!MUS

!SOPSETTA ISOLEP\S

ICELINUS SPP.

HEXACRAI1I1OS DECAGRAMMUS

ARTEOIUS HARRINGrONI

RAOUL I NUS SPP.

AHOPlARCHUS INSIGNIS

PHOLIS SPP.

Appendix Figure 5.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 67 bongo tows on

cruise 2KE72. spring 1972.

o

t::l

Z

o

aJ

CIl

OJ

OJ

LlJ

Frequency of occurrence (%)

SPECIES

ClTP1DCEPHALUSZACHIRUS~ IHERACRA CHALCOCRAtW1A

r1IPPOCLOSSOIO£S £LASSOOON

I(lEOSl lTP[ n

niCROS10MUS PACIFICUS

PlEURONECl 1O~E

PLEURONECfESOUAOllIIUBERCULA1US

UNIDENTIFIED

8ATM'LACIDAE

PSElfICH1M'SMElANOSlICTUS

MACROuRI O...E

BA1MlMAS1EIl SPP.

S'I':H"'EIO"'(

L[PIOOPS[1,,o SI·. I A;'

SlBAS1ES:>PP.

IH(IlACRACHAlCOCRA"MA

4.,M"Ol.FS HU....Pt(RuS

SIENOBAACH!OSkfuC(.;P';A,M<J:.

OlSIM1ECRAIEO

CAOJS nAC.IlOl:EPHAlLS

M:PPOCkOSSOIOlS (lASSODO'

S'(NOBRACHIUSSP.

SAIMflACUSP.o.ClilCuS

C01IIOA<"

C1CLOPIHlIOAE

Z...PIlOR ... SI~ENUS

PSEIIlCHIH1S .'.,nAHOSIICI S

MAt"'COCOITl"SZCNU.ll..;S I

O...STCOITUS SEllCER

ACO,.IOA[(

ACONIOA(

MfO_OCEPHALUS SPP

OSI"(l'lIOAr

LEUIIOCLOSSUS SCHI'IIOII

PIl010I'ITCtOPI1l,In tHOMPSONI

UNIOENTlFIEO

HIPPOCLOSSUS S1EMO~EP'S

PLfJAONECT(S OUAOffllU8EffCUlATUS

MEIlLtJ(;CIUS PROD\JCIUS

ACONIOAE A

P++OlIOA(

LlCOIIECTES AlEulENSIS

lUMPENUS r\ACUlAlUS

PII11CHIH1SCOODEI

Log of number

in survey area SPECIES

"'''OGLOS'Ol''' "'''S1lTPE" '''SSOOOM • =;::::J IHEIlACRA CH"'LCOCRAr't'lA _

'HCAOSTO.....S P ... C!~ICUS

CLfPTOCEPH"'LUS Z"'CHIRUS

PLEUIlONECtIO...E

PLEURONECTES OUAOAITUBEACUlAJU"

PSETllCHTHlS MELAMOSIICTUS

UNIDEHTlFIEO _

s ... 1HnACIOAE

MACIlOUIIIOAE

l++[IlACRIl CHALCOCRAI1I"IA

SA'H'I1.AS1EIlSPP.

AI1l100lTES H[llAPTEAUS

0lSI1I1EC.IlATEO

CADUS I1.ACAOC£P'HAlUS

STEN08.1l",CHlUS L£UCOPS.o.RUS

SE8ASTESSPP.

HlPPOCLOSSOlnES (LASSODDII

STICHAEIOAE

L£'IOOf'SEIlA SILlII[1I1A

PSETT1CHIHlSI1ELAIIOS1ICfUS

8A1HTlACUS PACIFICUS

STEH08.1lACHIUS SP.

COlTIOAE

CTCLOPtEIlIDAE

I1.ALACOCOTTUS ZO/llURUS I

LICONEC1ESALEUTEflS1S

I'IEIlLLlCCIUSPIlDOuelUS

ZAPROUSltEflUS

lUMPEIIUS rtACUlATUS

DASfCOTTUS SETICER

ACOIIIOAEC

ACOIIIOA[ l------ HIPPOGLOSSUS STENOl~P;S

PHeLIDAl

UNIOENIIFI(O

~1~~m~;':;~~:::~"CGL'T~ PTILICHTHTSCOOOEI

PAOT ICTOPHtJMlltOMP,;IJHI _

ACON10AE A

Appendix Figure 6.-Relativc abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 35

bongo tows on cruise 5T179. spring 1979.

22
Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

o

c:J

Z

o

cc

z

o

len

=>

w

Z

en

0'1

0'1

W

Q)

ctI

>.....

ctI

-l

en

0'1

0'1

ill

Q)

ctI

>.....

ctI

-l

SPEC I ES

MiCROSTOMUS PACIFICUS

PLEURONECl\OAE

HIPPOGtOSSOIO£S ELASSQOON

CLYPTOCEPHALU5 lACHIRUS

!'1ACRQURIOAE

LIMANDA ASPERA

ISOPSE'TA ISOLEPIS

UNIDENTIFIED

LEUROGLOSSUS SCHMIDT]

LYOPSETT II EX!US

PLATICHTHY5 STELLATUS

PSETT\CHTHY5 HElMOSTlcrus

TELEOST TYPE 0

THERAGRA CHALCOGRAMI1A

TELEOST TYPE C

BATHTMAS,ER SPP.

SEBASTES SP?

H!PPOGlOSSOIDES ElASSOOOH

PSETTlCHTHTS HELANOSTICTUS

COTTIO ...E

GLTPiOCEPHAlUS ZACHIRUS

STENOBRACHIUS ~'.::UCOPSARUS

LEPIOOPSETT ... BILlNEAT ...

RONOUllUS JOROANi

MICROSTOHUS p",CIQCUS

OSMERIDAE

ISOpSETTA ISOlEPIS

IHERACRA ('HALCOCRAMH...

STENOBR ....CHIUS SP

CYClOPTERID E

... RTEOI:.JS HE NT!

.... CONIDAE

SIICHI<EIOAE

RADJ~ INUS ASPRELlUS

AR:EDIUSHARRIHGIOnl

LTCONECTES .... lEUTENSIS

lEUROC~i)SSUS SCHI1:0T I

BAIHYLAc>US PAClflCUS

DIS!NIECRATED

UNIDENTIFIED

CAOIO ....E

ZAPRORA SllEHUS

"'HMO:JTTES H(l(I<PTERuS

Pl.... T1CtHHTS STEllATUS

...RIEDIUS SPP,

LUMPENElLA LONCIROSTRIS

BAIHTLAGUS MILLERl

ClUPEAHAR[NGUSPALL ....SI

MTCTOPHIOAE

GADUS HACROCE"MAlUS

pRDTOMYCTOPHUH THOHPSONI

pROIOMTCTOPHUH CROCt<ERI

HACROURID"'E

MEXAGRAMMOS DECAGRAMHUS

llpARUS flORAE

Mf)(AGRAHMOS STELlERI

HEM1LEpiOOTUS HEMILEPIDOIUS

DASYCOTIUS SElIGER

CllNOCOITUS SPP.

"'RIEDIUS FENESIR....LlS

HlpPOCLOSSUS SIENOlEPIS

p~EuRONECT 10AE

PHOllS SP?

S'ICHAE.;S PUNCI .... iUS

SPECIES

MICROSlOMUS PAClFICUS

CLyPTOCEPH...LUSZ .... CH1RUS

P~[URONECT 10"'[

lIH...NOI\"'SPER...

HIPPOCtOSS010ESEL ...SSOOON

ISOpS(II ... ISOLEPIS

THERACR"'CH"'LCOCR"'MM'"

PSEIIICHIHfSM[L .... NOSIICTJS

UNIOENTIFIEO

IELEOSllTp[C

PLAT lCHTHTS S'EL~ ... IUS

HE ....c;R ...MHOS OEC"'CR"'HMUS

B... 'HfMIIST(RSPP

LYCONECIES ...LEutENSIS

M'HOOTfES HEx ... pTERUS

SES",SIESSpp.

M[MlLEplOOIUSHEHILEP1DOIUS

MTOXOC[pHIILUSSpp

...NOpLOpOM... FIMBRI'"

OpHIOOONElONG,""US

OISINIECR... IEO

HEX ...Cll ...MMOSSTEtLERl

HEM1LEpIOOTUSJORO... NI

HEHllEPlOOTUSSPp,

HEX .... CR ... HHOSOCfOCR...MMUS

HICROSTOMUSP"'C1F1CUS

~EI!'IOOpSEII'" B1LtN[AI ...

IHER ...GR ... CH...lCOCR....HM ...

HEUCR...MMOS SPP

SIICH...EuSpUNC1 ... TUS

SI[CIiIlEIO ...[

RONOU[LUS JORO .... NI

HlppOCLOSSOIOESEl"'SSOOOlf

pSEIIICHTIiTSMEL"'NOSI1CtUS

GLTpIOCEPH"'lUS Z"'CHIRUS

OSI1[RI O.... E

COIIIOII[

UNIDENTIF1EO

SIENOBR"'CHIUSSp.

C"'O1 O...E

PHOLISL"'ET"

PHOllS SPP.

B.... THYM... STEIlIO ...[

CTCLOpTElllO"'E

"'NOPURCHUS IHS1GN1S

...RTEOIUS ME"'Nfl

S"~C! ES

PtEUFiDNECTIOAE

MICROSTO'1US "ACIFlr:US

l!MANOA ASPER A

HACRDUR10 ....E

HIP?OGLOS5010ES HASSODOH

GlYPTOCEPHALlJS lAl,:HIRUS

ISOPSETTA 150LEPIS

UNIDENTIFIED

LEUROGtOSSUS SCHMIDT\

TELEOST TYPE C

LYOPSETIA EXILlS

PlATlCHIHY5 STELLATUS

TEl!':osr TYPE 0

THERAGRA CH... tCOCRAMMA

PSETTICHTHYS MELANOSTI(.TU5

e"THYMASTER SP?

SEBASTES SP?

OSMERIOAE

PSET TICHTHYS MElANQST l C¥US

HIPPOGLOSSOIOES ELASSOOON

COTTIDAE

STENOBRACH!US SP

GLYPTOr.EPHALUS ZACHIRUS

STEHOBRACH Ius LEUCOPSARVS

MICROSTOMUS PACIFICUS

ISOPSETU ISOlEPIS

RO~OUlllJS JORDA~ I

LEPIDOPSEl T", elllNEArA

THE.'\AGRA :':HALCOC.~AMMA

ARTEDIU$ f'lEANYI

UNIOE'lTIFIED

CYClOPTER1DAE

AGON:OAE

5TICHAEI';AE

LEUROGLCSSUS SCHMIO'1

LYCONECIES AlEl"IP..S'5

RADUllNUS ASPREllUS

GADIOAl:

BAI"HYlAGUS P,or:IF!CUS

ARTEDIUSHARRINGTONI

DASYCO"I TUS SETIGER

ARTEOI;JS SPP.

ZA~RORA SllENUS

DIS I ~lT EGR A, ED

PLAT !CHTHYS STELLATUS

HEXAGRAMMOS SjEllERI

aATHYlAGUS MILLERI

CLUPEA HARENGUS PALlASI

lUMPENElLA LDNGIROSTRIS

AMMODYfES Hf)(APTERUS

PROTOMYCTQPHUM CROCKER I

MACROURIDAE

PRDTOMrCTOPHUM THOMPSONI

HExAGRAMMOS OECAGRAMMUS

HIPPOGlOSSUS STENOLEPIS

PHOllS SPP.

L\PARUS FLORAE

GADUS MACROCEPHALUS

MYCTOPHIDAE

HEMllEPIDOTUS HEMIlEPIOOTUS

ClINQCDTTUS SPP.

PlEURONECTIOAE

STICHAEUS PUNCTATUS

ARTEDIUS fENESTRAl!S

SPECIES

LIMANOAASpERA

I1lCRosrOMUSPAClflCUS

PLEURON[CTIOAE

CUpTOC[PHAlUS ZACHIRUS

H1PPOGlDSSDIDESElASSOQON

lSOpSEITA ISDlEplS

UNIOENlIflED

PSEITICHTHrSMELANDST1CTUS

PlAI ICHI tirs SI £L I< Tus

THERACRACHALCDCRAI1MA

TELEOST TTpE (;

BATHTMASTERSPp.

t+UAGRAHMDS OEC"'GR"'I1MUS OSI1ER[O ...E

AMI10DTTES HEX",pTE~US

LTCONEC1ES"'LEUTENSIS

SEBASIES spp.

HTOXDCEpHALUS spp.

HEMILEPIOOIUS HEMILEPlDOfUS

HEXAGR"'MMOS STELLERI

...NDpLDPOH... FIHBRI'"

HEHllEPlOOTUSJORO...NI

HEx"'CR ...Hl"lOSSPp.

DISINTEGRATEO

GADIDAE

OpHIODONELONCAfUS

SIICH"'EIOA£

HEI1ILEPIOOIUS SPP.

HE ....CR...I1l"IOSOCTOc;RAMHUS

I'TICROSIOI1USpAClflCUS

THERACR... CH"'LCOCR"'HI1...

LEplOOPSElT"'BILlNEAIA

CLTpTOCEpH...LUSZ"'CHIRUS

UNIOUHIFIEO

SllCH"'EUSpUNCT ... IUS

pSETllCHTHTS I"oEL ...NOSIICIUS

COIT10"'E

RONOUILUSJOROANI

H[PPOCtOSS010ESEl"'SSOOON

...HOpLARCHUS INSICNlS

SIENOBRACIi!USSp.

CfCLOpTERID...E

lCELINUSBOIlEAllS

B... rHT",'SI[RIOAE

pHOL1SSPP.

PHOLlS UEI ...

I

Appendix Figure 7.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 89 bongo and HI

neuston tows on cruise 2MF78, summer 1978.

23
o

C)

Z

o

a:l

Q.)

co

>

co

...J

Frequency of occurrence (%)

SPEC I ES

UMANDA ASPERA

LEUROCLDSsUS sc..mlDT I

MACROUR I DAE

PARDPHRYs VETULU~

ClYPTOCEPHALUS ZACHIRUS

PlEUROHECTIDAE

_-'S"'P"'EC\<jI"E"'S '.~...=-:::~==~"=."==--,:=~-==--'

~~~~~~~~~os LAGOCfPHALUS --:----==r..... H[XAGRAMI10S OCTOCR"MMU~ ~==~? L!MANOA ASPERA

BATHYMASTER Sf'P.

H[M!LEPIOOTU5 SPP.

STENQBRACHIUS LEUCQPSARUS

SEBASTES SPP.

I"IALlOTuS VILLOSUS

ARTEDIUS HARRINGTONl

HEXACRAMMOS STELLERI

PSETTICHTH15 I'tELAHQSJ!CtU5

OISINTEGRATED

UNIDENTlFIEO

COTTIOAE

RAOUL INUS ASPRElLU5

AR7EDIUS MEANYI

STENOBRACH1US Sf'.

LEUROGtOSSUS SCHMIDTI

HEX.ACRAMMOS SPP.

PROTOHye! OPHUH THOMPSON [

LEPIOQPSETT ... BILINEAr"

Log of number

in survey area

SPECIES

L(UROCLOsSUS SCHMIDT I

LIMANOA ASPERA

rtACROURIOA(

CLYPTOC£PHALUS ZACH\Il:Us

PLEURO,..ECTI[)A[

PAROPHRfS VETULUS

SPECIES .7,':O"~~.~'~'=~~=~~~~=-'

OSMERIDAE "'",,- ,~,,," .., g-.----- I/" HEXACRAHHDS SPP,

STENOBRACHIUS LEUCDPSARuS

MAL LOTUS V!LlOSUS

BATHYMASTER SPP.

H(XACRAI1I1OS OCTOCRAMHUS

HEMIL(PIOOTUs SPP.

SEBASTES SPP.

~~~~~:A~~~~~ASP. I

HEXACRAMI10S

ARTEDIUS HARRINCTONI

STEllER I ~i_-----:-'

DISINTECRATED _

PSETT ICHTHYS I1£LANOST Ictus

LEPIDOPSETTA BILINEATA

LEUROClOSSUS SCHHI Ot I

PROTOI1YCTOPHUM tHOMPSON I

ART£DIUS MEANY! ---l UNIDENtiFIED tr===T RAOUL I"'US ASPRElLUS ,

CDTTIOAE

SPEC I ES 0.:..00 SPEC I ES

en LIMA"OA ASPERA P tIMA,.OA ASPER ...

OJ §? PtEURONECTIDA[ PLEUROHEClIOAE

OJ lifollOfHTIFlEO PSETTICHTHYS I"EtANOST ICluS

Z UJ Ct1PTQCEPHAlllS ZACH!RUS CLTPTQCEPHAtUS ZACHIRU$

PSETtICI'HHTS MElANOSfleTus UNIOENTIFIED

0 o~~~_~.;,.~OCl.OC 5~QO

en li[XACRA11I1OS lACDCEPHAlUS ~=::J HEXACRA/'f'ICIS LACOCEPHALLS

=> H[XACRAI1f1CS OCTOCRA/1t1U5 HEXACRAtV10S OCTOCRAMJ1US

BAHHMASTER SPP.

w~ BAlHYMASTER SPP.

UJ Q.) MAL .. O·US V ILDS~S MALLOTUS VILLOSUS

Z co riEHCRAM,..oS STELLER! HEXACRM1MQS STELLER I

> HE XACRAMM(JS srp. H[XACRAI"INOS SPP.

HEM(lEPIDOTuS SPP. HEt1ILEPIDOTUS SPP.

co DISIHTECRAlEO OISIHTECRAIED

...J ROHDU:LUS JORDAHl DS/1ERIDAE

SEBASTES SPP, r SEBASTES SPP.

UNIDENTIFIED MACROURIDAE

MACROURIDAE RQNQUILUS JORDAN I

OSMERIOAE UNIDENTIFIED

CYCLDPTERIDAE CYCLDPTERIOAE

Appendix Figure 8.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 28 bongo and 28

neuslon lows on cruise 3MF78. summer-fall 1978.

24
Frequency of occu rrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

_-'ScJ:P"'EC""..<E-"-S O.:;:OO'----C='----==-_='-----"=_.;-!l,o.OO

OSMERJDAE

Q) SESASIES SP?

ro STENOBRACHIUS LEUCOPSARUS

C ~~~~~~~~R~~~~INGTONI

CO HEJ(AGRA"1MOS .. ,AGOCEPHALUS

-J PROIDMYC10PHUM THOMPSON!

SIEH08RACH!US SP,

LEUROGLOSSUS SCHI110TI

ilALLOTV5 VILlOSUS

lCELINUS SP?

PSET TICHIHY5 MElANOSr ICTUS

LINANDA ASPER A

H[PPC~LOSSOIDES ELASSODON

E~

SPEC I ES

lEUROGLOSSUS SCHMIDTl

MACROURIDAE

PLEURONECTIDAE

DISINTEGRATED

OSMER1DAE

DISINTEGRATED

SiENOBRACHIUS LEUCOPSARUS

SEBASTES SPP.

MAllOHIS VlLlOSUS

lEUROGlOSSVS SCHMIDT!

ARTEOlus HARRINGTONI

HIPPOGLOSSOI:JES ELASSDOON

[C[lINUS SP?

PROTOMYCTOPHUH THOMPSON I

PSe:llICHTHYS MEUNOSTICIU$

$lf.NOBR"'CHIUS SP.

HEX GR... MMOS l GOCEPH"'lU$

lIM NO'" "'SPER ...

M.-.CROURIOAE

lEUROCLOSSUS SCHMIDT!

DISINTEGRATED

PLEURONECTID.AE

'"

OJ

OJ

W o

t:]

Z

o

OJ

OSH[RIO"'E

Q.) HEXAGRAHMOS LAGDC£PHAlUS

co SlENOBRACHIUS LEUCOpS...RUS

> HEX"'CRAHMOS DcrOCRAMMUS

SEBAST£SSpp.

co L I HAND'" "'SpERA

-.J HI PPDGLDSSO lOES EL"'SSOOON

GLyprOC£PHALUS ZACH[RUS

BAfHYMASTER spp.

PSETI ICHTHYS HELANOSI ICTUS

HEXACRAMHOS SPP.

STENOBRACH1US sp.

BATHYLACUS P...CIF[CUS

BATHYLAGUS SPP.

DI SlNIEGRATED

<.::l

Z

o

OJ

'"

OJ

OJ

W

SPEC; ES

LEURoGLOSSUS SCHMIDTI

L I M"'NOA ~SPERA

HIPPOGLO<;::'O[DES ELAS'iOQON

PLEIf(ON(Cf!OAE

MACROdR[OAE

SPEC I ES

lEURoGlOSSvS SCHMIDT [

PlEJRDHECTIO...E

lIM...No", "'SPER ...

M...... ~oURlo ...E

I1IPPOGlOSSOIOES El"'SSOOON

OSMER I O... E

HEXAGR ...MMoS l ...COCEPHAlUS

OISINTEGRMEO

SEB"'STES SPP.

HEx ...GR...MMOS OCTOGR"'MMUS

SlENoBR"'CHIUS lEUCOPS...RUS

l!M...NO'" ASPER...

STENoBRACH[US sp.

GlYPTOCEPHAlUS ZACHIRUS

PSEITICHTHYS MElANOSTICTUS

HEX... GRAMMoS SPP.

BMHYl ...G....S P"'ClfiCUS

BAIHYM"'STER SPP.

HIPPoGlOSSO[OES El ... SSODON

8MHYL ...GUS SPP.

~2.00

z

o

f0-

CI)

::>

w

z

SPEC! ES

C/) L [HANDA ASPERA

C1 PLEURONECT IOAE

C) LEURDGLOSSUS SCHMIDT!

UJ OSMER[OAE

HEXAGRAHMOS L"'GOCEpH"'LUS

OJ JiEXAGRAHHOS OC10GRAMHUS

CO BATHYMASIER SPP.

> OSMERIDAE

HEHILEPIDOIUS SPP.

ee HEHGRAMHOS SIELLERI

-.J lEPraCOl TUS ...RMMUS

liEXAGR ...MMOS SPP.

RONOUiLUS JORDAN I

SEBASIES SPP.

PROIOHYCIOPliUM THOMPSON]

SPEC I ES

L!M"'NO'" ... SPERA

OSMERIDAE

pLEURONECIIOAE

LEUROGLOSSUS SCHMIDT!

HEXAGRAMMOS L"'COCEPHALUS

BATHYMASTER spp.

HEXAGRAMMOS OCTOGRAMMUS

OSMERIDAE

HEXAGRAHHOS SPP.

HEHILEPIDOTUS SPP.

HEXAGR"'MMOS STELLERI

LEPTOCQrlUS ARM... TUS

PRorOMYCTOPHUM THDMPsmn

SEBASTES SPP.

RDNoUILUS JORDAN[

[j

Appendix Figure 9.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) offish eggs and larvae from 15 bongo, 32 bong,

and 86 neuston tows on cruise IP079, summer-fall 1979.

25
Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

SPEC I fS <J)

~~~=~~~~~;~s SCHMIOT I

LU PlEURONECTIOAE:

E-, b I

g'

lEUROGlOSSU5 SCHMIDT l

MACROURIOAE

PlEURDNECTlOAE

OSMERIOA[

HEMILEPIOOTL.S SP?

MALLOWS VlLLOSUS

HEXACRAMMOS LACOCEPl-iAl.US

STENoaRACHIUS LEU.:OPSARI $

STEN08RACHIUS SP.

HEXAGR ....MMOS OCTOCR ....MMUS

SE8ASTES SPP.

8ATHYMASTfR spp .

HEX ....GRAMMOS STELLERI

ARTEOIUS HARRINGTON!

PROTOMYCTOPHUN THOMPSON I

....RTEOIUS FENESTRAL IS

HlPPOGLOSSOIOES EL ....SSOOON

L I MANOA ASPERA

ICELINUS SPP.

LEPIOOPSErr .... alL!NE.... IA

lEuROGLOSSUS SCHMIOTl

OISINTEGR .... TEO

ARTEOIUS spp.

P....ROPHRYS VETULUS

GLYPTOCEPH ....LUS z,.,CH!RUS

SPECl ES

I

l?

H[MILEPIDOTUS SPP.

OSMERIOAE

HEXAGRAMMOS LACOCEPHAlUS

MAL LOTUS V!LLOSUS

SES ... STES SPP.

HEXAGRA~MOS OCTOCRAMMUS

STENOBR"CH!US L[UCOPSMHJS

BAI!HMASTER SPP.

STENOBRACHIUS SP.

HEXAGRAMHOS STELLER!

ARIEOIUSHARRIHCTQNI

... RTEO!USFENESTRALlS

H!PPOGLOSSO\OES ELASSOOON

PROJOHTCTOPHUM THOMPSON]

IC£..If';\JS SPP.

LIMA1<lOA ASPERA

lEPDOPSEI~A BIUME.... I ....

PAROPHRYS VEtUlUS

U: JROGLOSSVS SCHMIDT I

GllPIOCEPH ....lUS Z.... CHIRU~

ARIEDI JS SPP.

01S1NTEGRArED

(1)

Ctl

CCtl

.....I

o

"

Z

o

co

z

o

rC/')

LLJ

Z

(1)

Ctl

>

Ctl

.....I

SPEC I ES

Ht).,ACR"MMOS _"GOCEPHAlUS

'j[,(AGRAMMOS OCTOCRAMMU$

B ~. hT "'''5 ER SPP.

'iEiiAGRAMMOS STELLERl

'if'" I ~[P 1Dorus SPP.

H[XAGRAMM:)S SPP.

't[XAGRAMMOS :IECAGRAMMUS

OSMERjDAE

P,-Eo.J~OGRAM"'JS '1ONOPTE"RYCJ;JS

""~~:'o:vS vi~~OSUS

CAS-EROSTEUS ACULfATUS

AR'EJIJS HARRINGTON I

."P:OCYC.JS VE.''':RICOS~S

RO..J.... I_JS .JOROAN!

:)!SIN:rCtlATEJ

H[XAGRAMMOS

HEXAGRAMMOS

~SPECIESL

OCTOGRAMMUS

....COC[PH

__

....LUS ;~.oo , ~:r HE"XAGRAMMOS STELLERl

HEMIlEPIOOTUS SPP.

BATHYMASTER SPP.

HEXAGRAMMOS SPP.

PLEUROGRAMMUS rtONOPTERTClUS

OSMER MALLOWS I O....EVlLlOSUS W__..

H[XAGR ....MMOS OEC ....GR ....MMUS ,

....RT[OIUS HARRINGTON I

....PTOCYCLUS VENTRlCOSUS

C.... SlEROSTEoJS ACUl[ .... WS

01 S!NTEGRAYED

RONouILUS JOROANI

Appendix Figure 10.-Relalive abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 49 bongo and 49

neuslon lows on cruise 4"1F78, fall 1978.

Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

I

c:::==:::J

StlECiES

HEXACRAMMQS L ....COCEPH ....L·.lS

HEMI~EFIDOTUS SPP.

IiEXACRAMMOS OCTOGRAMJ1US

H[XAGR ....HMOS STELLERl

~ALdJTUS VILLOSUS

HEXACR/IMMOS SPF.

PLEUROGR/IMMUS MONOPTERTGIUS

B/lTHYM/lSTER SFP

OSMERID/IE

HE.X/lCR/lMMOS DECAGRAMMUS

H';.XAGR/lMHIDA[

....FTOCTCLUS VENTRlCDSUS

.E"Toconus ARMATUS

/lPTEDIUS H/lRRlNCTOH!

SPECIES

OSMERlOAE

HEMI:..EPIDOTUS SPP.

MAl-LOTUS VlLLOSUS

Hf)rACRAMMOS LAGOCEPHA"'US

H£)(AGRM1MOS STELLERl

HEX/ICRAMMOS OCTOGRANMUS

/lRTEDlUS HARRINCTONI

PROTDMYCTOFHUM THOMPSONl

STENoaRACHlUS SP.

LEURClCLOSSUS SCHMIDT]

Hi;XAGR ....MMOS OEC/ICRAMMUS

....PIOCTCLUS VENTRlCOSU$

ARTEO!US SFP .

/lRTEOlUS FEH[STR ....LlS

PSEITlCHTHTS I1ELANOSTICTUS

lEUROClOSSUS SCHMIOil

MACRQURIO/IE

THERACR .... CH ....LCOCRAMMA

SPEC I ES 0.00

<J)

en L[UROCLOSSUS SCHMIDTl

en THER ....CR .... CH....LCOGRM1t111

LLJ M....CROURIO....E

0

"

Z HEMILEPlOOTUS SPP. 0 (1) H....LLOTUS VIllOSUS -----1 CO OSM[RlO ....E

Ctl HEX ....CR,A/''lMOS OCTOCRAMMl)S

> HEx ....CRAMMOS LACOCEPH....LUS

HEX ....CRAMMOS STELLERI Ctl

.....I ....RTEOlUS SPP.

HEx ....CR ....MMOS OEC ....CR ....MMUS

PROTOMfCTOPHUM THOMPSON I

STENOBRACHlUS SP.

LEUROGLOSSUS SCHMIDT!

APIOCTCLUS VENTR!CDSUS

ARTEDIUS FENESTRALlS

.... RTEDlUS H....RRINGTONl

PSETllCHTHYS M[L/INOSTICTUS

SPECIES

Z >iEMlLEFJDOTUS SPP.

0 (1) HEX/ICRAMMOS STELLERl

HfXAGR/lf1MOS OCTOGRAMMUS

r- Ctl HEX/lCRAI"It1OS L ....GOCEPHAlUS

> en PLEuROCRAMMUS MOHOPiERYGIUS

Ctl H[X....CRAMMOS spp.

.....I BMHYMASTER SPP •

LLJ I1ALtOTUS V!tLOSUS

Z HEXAGRAMMOS OECAGRAMMUS

APTOCYClUS VEIHRICOSUS

OSMERlD ....E

LEFTOCOI IUS ARM/lT:..iS

HEX/lCR ....MMlO ....E

ARIEOluS HARRINCTONl

Appendix Figure 11.-Relalive abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 19 bongo and 19

neuslon lows on cruise SMF78, fall 1978.

26
Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

SPEC I ES

til lH[R~CR"" CHALCQGRAMMA OJ LEuROClOSSUS SCHMIOT:

OJ VNIDENTIFIED

0 W MACROURIOAE

c:J

Z H[MILEPIOOTCJ5 SFf'. r 0 M,&,LLOTUS v, L~OSUS

Q.) PLEvRQGRAMMUS MONCPTERYCluS

co HEJ(ACRAMMOS STELLERl ro PRQTQMTcrQPHUM IHOMPSO,.. [

> l[oJRDGLDSSUS SCHMIDT I .... H[XAGRAMMOS OECAGRAMML.S

ro IHERAGR.... CHALCOCRAMMA f.-J .....J UNIDEN'IFIEO

H[X"'CR"'MMCS OCTOCRAMMlS

HEX"'CR"'~MOS ~AGOCEPH"'LuS

A"llEDI')S MEAIHI

til SPECIES

OJ c::=:::::::J Z OJ IHERACRA CHALCOGRAMMA

0 W

I- H(XAGRAMMOS STELLERl

U) t1EMILEPloorusspp.

H[XACI!AHMOSLACOCEP"AlUS

::) H[XACRAliMOSOECACRA/'V1US

W Q.) PlEVROGRAMI1US MOHOPIERTCIUS

ro H(XAGRAMOS OCIOGRAMMUS

Z > I1(XAcRAIYIOS SPP.

M~LLO'US V]llOSUS .... UNIDENTIFIED

ro H(XACR ...roMIOA(

.....J fHERACR ... CM"'LCOGRAMM'"

BHHIM...STER spp

AP10CTCLUS V(NIRlCOSUS

PROTOMTCrOPI'IUM THOMPSO~!

MTCIOPHIO...E

SPEC I t:s

LEUROCLOSSUS SCHMIDI I

lHERACR ... C"l"'LCOGRM1/"l'"

M... CROURI O...E

UI.10E"TIFlEO

HEM1LEPlOOlllSSPP

M"'LLOJ'US vlLLOSUS

i'LE\JROGR ...MMUS MO"OPTERYCIUS

HEHCRAMMOS SIELLERI

LEUROCLOSSUS SCHMleTl

PROTOMYCTOPHUM THOMPSONl

HEX...GR ... MMOS OCTOCR"'MMUS

HD"'CR"'MMOS DEC ...CRAMI1US

UNIDENTIFIED

THERACR'" CHALCDGRAMM...

HDACR"'MMDS L"':;OCEPHALUS

...RTE01US MEANY!

SPECIES

lHER"'GR ... CHALCOGRAMM~

HEMILEP100TUS SPP.

PLEUROGRAMMl./S MO"OPTERYCl us

HEXAGR....I'\tlOSSTELLERl

HEX"'ORAMMOS OEC ...GRAMMUS

HEXAGR .... MMOS L...GOCEPH....LJS

HEx'.GR"'MMOS OCTOGRAMMUS

HEXACRAMMOS SPP.

H"'LLOTUSYILLOSUS

UNlOEtHIF1EO

BATHYM"'STERSPP.

THER ...CR.... CH LCOGR....rm....

H(X...CR"'I1MIO E

",PTOCYCLUSVEtlTRICOSlJS

PROTOMTCTOPHUM THOMPSONl

HTCTOPH10"'E

Appendix Figure 12.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 59 bongo and

83 neuston tows on cruise 4MF77, fall 1977.

Frequency of occurrence (%) Log of number

in survey area

SPEC! ES SPEC! £5

VI LEUROGLOSSUS SCHMICTI t2J OJ LEUROCLOSSUS SCHMIDTl

OJ M....CROURID ....E M....CROURID....E

W 1HER....CR... CH....LCOCR.... MM.... THER ....GR .... CH....LCOGR .... MM ....

0 UNIOEtHlflED UNIDENTIFIED

t?

Z ~2.00

0 HEM!LEPIOOTUS spp. M....LLOTUS VILLOSU$

a:l Q) M....LLOluS VILLOSUS HEMILEPIDOTU$ SPP.

ro HEXAGR ....MMO$ STELLER I PLEUROGR ....MMUS MONOPTERYGIUS

> PLEUROGR ....MMUS MONOPTERYCIUS HU....GR ....MMOS STELLERI

.... PRDTDMYCTDPHUM THOMPSONI LEuROGLOSSUS SCHMIOTI

ro LEUROG_OSSUS SCHMIOTI PROTOMYCTOPHUM THOMPSON I

--l STENOBR... CHIUS LEUCOPS....RVS STENOBR ....CH1VS LEUCOPS...RUS

ARTEOIUS H....RRINGTONl HEXAGR ....NNOS OCTOCR ....MMUS

SEBASIES spp· SEBAS.TES SPP.

HU...CRAMMOS OCTOCR ....HMUS "RTEOIUS HARRINGTONI

HEX ....CRAMHOS OECAGR ....MMUS HEXAGRAMMOS DEC ....GRAMNUS

COTTIO ....E CTCLOPTERIO ....E

CYC:..OPTERID ....E COTTIDAE

UNIDENTIFIED UNIDENTifiED

VI SPEC! E5 0.00 10.'00 SPEC J ES OJ

Z OJ LEUROGLOSSUS SCHMIOTI f? LEUROGLOSSUS SCHMIDT'

0 W THERAGR .... CH....LCQCR ....MHA THER ....GR ... CHALCOGR ....MM.... EJ

l-

(/)

Q) H£)(AGR ....MMOS STELLERI HEMILEPIDOruS SPP. W ro HEMlLEPIDOTUS SPP. PLEUROGRAHMUS HQNOPTERYGIUS

Z > HEx ....GRAMMOS OCTOCR"'MMUS HEXAGRAMMOS STELLER! ....

ro HEX....CRAHMOS LAGOCEPHALUS HEXACRAMHOS OEC ....GRAMMUS

--l PL EUROCR"'MHUS MONOP I ERYC I Us HEX"'GRAMMOS LAGOCEPHALUS HEXAGR"'MHOS OECAGR"'MMUS HEX....GRAMMOS OCTDCR ....MMUS MALLOTUS vILLOSUS M...LLOruS VILLOSUS BATHYMASTER SPP. BATHYMASTER SPP. H£)(AGR ....MMOS SPP. HDAGR...MMOS spp. HEXAGRAMMIO....E HEXAGRAMM1DAE SEB....STES SPP. SEBASTESSPP.

Appendix Figure 13.-Relative abundance (frequency of occurrence and number in survey area) of fish eggs and larvae from 98 bongo and 101

neuston tows on cruise 1WE78, fall 1978.

27
Osmeridae

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Fall

59" N

156'W 155·

App<ndix Figure 14.-Dislribulion of Osmeridae larvae in neuslon lows in fall.

28
9 - 11 •

"go

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

,,.,.

o

Summer

3 -5

6-8

151"

o 0

Number

of tows

155· ,,~

Osmeridae

Larvae

Bongo

Appendix Figure IS.-Distribution of Osmeridae larvae in bongo tows. A. summer and B. fall.

29
Mal/otus villosus

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o 0

2

3 -5

6-8

Percent

uccurrence

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-711

75 - 100

,...

• Winter 55'

A

1S6"W 155' ,,,. ",. ,,, '50' .... .,.... '55' ,,,. ,.,. 151" '50' ....

,...

o

Spring 55'

,..... ,,,. ,,,. ,.,. ,... 151" '50' '49"

Appendix Figure 16.-Distribution of Mal/otus vil/osus larvae in neuston tows. A. fall, B. winter, and C. spring.

30
Mallotus vi//osus

Larvae

Bongo

,... 'S<' ",.

Number

of tows

o 0

2

3-5

6-8

9 -11

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

ISS' 1'"

Winter

'9" N

,,.

Appendix Figure 17.-Distribution of Mallolus villosus larvae in bongo tows. A. fall and B. winter.

31
Bathylagus pacificus

Larvae

Bongo

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

t56·W

•

'55" '54"

Number

of tows

o a

1510

Spring

'50" '''9·

5'"

5"

56"

Appendix Figure 18.-Distribution of Bathylagus pacificus larvae in bongo tows

in spring.

32
9 -" •

Leurog/ossus schmidti

Eggs

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

2

3-5

6-8

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Winter

'9' N

57'

56'

15fi"W 155" 'S<' 153' ",. ,,.. 149' '55' 'S<' "9'

Appendix Figure 19.-Distribution of Leuroglossus schmidti eggs in bongo tows. A. fall and B. winter.

33
9 -" •

Leurog/ossus schmidti

Larvae

Bongo

Number

of tow.

o a

2

3 - 5

6-8

Percent

Occurrence

W

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

B

•

Winter

• .. N

,,.

56'

Summer

lse"W

156" W

c

155'

''''

'50'

",. 151"

"..

Spring

,..,.

,,..w

156"W

'56'

'50'

,.,.

,.,. ",. ,..,. ,.,.

, .. N

'8"

56'

Appendix Figure 20.-Distribulion of Leuroglossus schmidti larvae in bongo lows. A. fall, B. winter, C. spring, and D. summer.

34
Stenobrachius sp.

Larvae

Bongo

A

'S<' 153' os,.

Number

of tows

o 0

151·

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25-49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

,...

'8"

B

'S<' os,. 151·

Summer

,...

'9' N

Appendix Figure 21.-Distribution of Stenobrachius sp. larvae in bongo tows. A. spring, B. summer, and C. fall.

35
6-8

3-5

....

'I

'I

I

Spring

B

Percent

occurrence

i

"-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Winter

9 - " •

2

o 0

Number

of tows Stenobrachius leucopsarus

Larvae

Bongo

1SS' 156"W '55' ,,,' ,.,. 15'·

156·W

c

ISS' ,,,. ",. ",.

•

Summer

151' 156·'" ISS' ,.,. ",. ....

....

56'

Appendix Figure 22.-Distributlon of Stenobrachius leucopsarus larvae in bongo tows. A. winter, B. spring, C. summer, and D. fall.

36
Gadus macrocephalus

Larvae

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

S1"

156'W 1550 1530 1510

Appendix Figure B.-Distribution ofGadus macrocephalus larvae in bongo tows

in spring.

37
Theragra chalcogramma

Eggs

Neuston

A

Number

of tows

a 0

2

Percent

occurrence

i

"···24

• 25-49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Fall Spring

59.

".

56'

lS6°W 155' ,S'. 1530 156'W ,... ,,.. ,.,. "2' ",.

Appendix Figure 24.-Distribution of Theragra chalcogramma eggs in neuston tows. A. fall and B. spring.

38
Theragra cha/cogramma

Eggs

Bongo

'SO'

9 -" •

,go N

.""

Spring so'

156"W os,. os,. 151·

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

e1 50 - 74

75 - 100

2

3-5

6-8

o 0

Numbe~

of tows

lS06'W 155· os,.

Appendix Figure 25.-Distribution of Theragra chalcogramma eggs in bongo tows. A. fall and B. spring.

39
Theragra cha/cogramma

Larvae

Bongo

156' W '55' 154' 152'

Number

of tows

o 0

Occurrence Percent

~";-24

tij ::~:: . • 75-100

Spring

lM"W 154' '53' 152'

Summer

150'

59'N

50"

57'

56'

Appendix Figure 26.-Dislribution of Theragra chalcogramma lanae in bongo lows. A. spring and B. summer.

40
58'

,go N

o

Summer

o o

Percent

occurrence

~::~:: 1150

-

74

:=:,. ,,-'OOJ

• Pe.centoc;cu,rence IndIcated by wh,tedots

N!lmber

of tows

••

•

A

Macrouridae

Eggs

Bongo

155" 153· 151" "go 1S6"W ,5<' 153' '50'

Appendix Figure 27.-Distribution of Macrouridae eggs in bongo tows. A. summer and B. fall.

41
Sebastes spp.

Larvae

Neuston

156·W

Number Percent

of tows occurrence

0 0

~"• 25 -49 -" 2 • 50-74

3-5 75 - 100

6-8

9 -" •

• Pffcent occufl.nce indicated by whll' dOli

Summer

,,.. ISS' 'S<' 153" "2' 'SO- ....

sO' N

sr'

56'

Appendix Figure 28.-Dislribution of Sebastes spp. larvae in neuston tows. A. summer and B. fall.

42
Sebastes spp.

Larvae

Bongo

1!is' '"

Number

of tows

o 0

'"

Percent

occurrence

;

"-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Spring

150' 156'W 155" ".. 153" 151'

Summer

....

5" N

Appendix Figure 29.-Distribution of Sebastes spp. larvae in bongo tows. A. spring, B. summer, and C. fall.

43
Anop/opoma fimbria

Larvae

Neuston

••

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer

, .. N

.,.

156° w 1550 ,"'. 1510

Appendix Figure 30. --Distribution of Anoplupoma fimbria larvae in neuston

tows in summer.

44
3-5

6-8

o 0

58·

5,. N

51·

"'"

Winter 56·

156·W 1550 ,.... ",.

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

9 - 11 •

2

151·

Number

of tows Hexagrammos

decagrammus

Larvae

Neuston

,.... ",. 151·

Spring

,,.. ,.... ",.

Summer

,,..

51·

56·

Appendix Figure 31.-Distribution of Hexagrammos decagrammus larvae in neuston tows. A. fall, B. winter, C. spring, and D. summer.

45
Hexagrammos

decagrammus

Larvae

Bongo

, .. N

56'

51'

''''

Spring

"2" ,,,. 'S<'

B

.... lSfi·", 'SO'

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Winter

9 -" •

3-5

6-8

lS1·

o 0

I,

Number

of tows

"""'+-=::=-+-+-t---+--'-1

+-C-+-f--.J

,,,. ,,.' 'S<'

Appendix Figure 32.-Distribution of Hexagrammos decagrammus larva< in bongo lows. A. winter and B. spring.

46
Hexagrammos lagocephalus

Larvae

Bongo

9 - 11 •

,,. N

,,.

,."

",.

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

,,..

3-5

6-8

o 0

Number

of tows

",. ,,,. 156"W 155·

'9' N

57'

Fall

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Number

of tows

o

Hexagrammos lagocephalus

Larvae

Neuston

156"W 155' 153" ",.

Appendix Figure 33.-Dislribution of Hexagrammos lagocephalus larvae in

neuston tows in fall.

Appendix Figure 34.-Distribution of Hexagrammos lagocephalus larvae in

bongo tows in fall.

47
Hexagrammos

octogrammus

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o 0

2

Percent

occurrence

;

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Fall

B

Winter

;L '0

56'

156' W 'S'. 153' ,,.. .... 'S5. ISoi' ",. ,,..

Appendix Figure 35.-Distribution of Hexagrammos oclogrammus larvae in neuston tows. A. fall and B. winter.

48
3-5

6-8

9 -11

59' N

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 -100

2

o 0

Number

of tows Hexagrammos

octogrammus

Larvae

Bongo

156'W ,,,.

Appendix Figure 36.-Distribution of Hexagrammos octogrammus larvae in

bongo tows in fall.

49
9 -11·

Hexagrammos stelleri

Larvae

Neuston

152'

Number

of tows

o 0

2

3 -5

6-8

Percent

occurrence

:~~:: • 50-74

75 - 100

>S" '55' 154" 1530

Wimer

"9'

59" N

150° W

c

155' '62' 15"

• 0

D

Spring

"..

59' III

50'

50'

Appendix Figure 37.-Distribution of Hexagrammos stelleri larvae in neuston tows. A. rail, B. winter, and C. spring.

50
Hexagrammos steller;

Larvae

Bongo

Number Percent

of tows occurrence

0 a

i"-" • 25 -49

2 • 50-74

3-5 75 - lOa

6-8

9 - 11 •

'9' N

...

'"

56'

156' W 153' ,,,.

Appendix Figure 38.-Dislribution of Hexagrammos stelleri larvae in bongo lows

in fall.

51
Pleurogrammus

monopterygius

Larvae

Neuston

156'W ,,,

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Fall

156·W

B

15!)' 151-

Winter

59"N

56'

15e"W

c

,,,. 151'

• 0

D

Spring

'SO' "9"

59" N

56'

Appendix Figure 39.-Distribution of Pleurogrammus monopterygius larvae in neuslon lows. A. fall, B. winter, and C. spring.

52
Pleurogrammus

monopterygius

Larvae

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

'11_24

• 25-49

• 50-74

75 - 100

5~N

,,'

Winter ""

156' ,,.' ",. '52' 151" '50" ....

Appendix Figure 40.-Distribution of Pleurogrammus monoplerygius larvae in

bongo tows in winter.

53
Cottidae

Larvae

Bongo

A

156· yo,' 'S>'

Number

of tows

o 0

2

151"

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

,... w '55' ",. 151"

Summer

59"N

50"

'7'

Appendix Fil:ure 41.-Distribution of Cottidat larvae in bongo lows, A. spring and B. summer.

54
6-8

3-5

59' N

57"

56'

15<>' ..go

Percent

occurrence

i

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer

2

9 - 11 •

6-8

3-5

o 0

Number

of tows

",. ,S" '55'

Artedius meanyi

Larvae

Bongo

56'

59' N

51"

Percent

occurrence

i

11 -24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

2

9 - 11 •

o

Number

of tows

154'

Artedius harringtoni

Larvae

Bongo

Appendix Figure 42.-Dislribulion of Artediu. harring/ani larvae in bongo lows

in fall.

Appendix Figure 43.-Dislribulion of Artediu. meanyi larvae in bongo lows in

summer.

55
Gvmnocanthus A

Larvae

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

59" N

5,.

SO'

156'W ,,,.

Appendix Figure 44.-Distribution of Gymnocanlhus A larvae in bongo tows in

spring.

56
Hemi/epidotus spp.

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o 0

2

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 -100

Fall Winter

... N

...

51'

...

lS6'W 155' ,,>' '50' '56' '53" '52" 151* '50' ....

'54' '52" 151'

Spring

,... '54' '53" '52"

Summer

'50'

... N

...

Appendix Figure 4S.-Distribution of Hemilepidolus spp. larvae in neuston tows. A. fall, B. winter, C. spring, and D. summer.

57
Hemilepidotus spp,

Larvae

Bongo

' ... w

9 -11 •

5,. •

51"

56'

",. ,,..

Winter

153 152' 151· ,,,' 0 '55'

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

2

3 -5

6-8

o 0

Number

of tows

152' ,,,. '''' 156"W '55'

59".

,,..

Spring 56'

151"

-"",'4--I---!--=-,;,,=+---t/f 58'

1:52"

'''' '''' '55' 156°W

Appendix Figure 46.-Distribution of Hemilepidolus spp. larvae in bongo tows. A. fall, B. winter, and C. spring.

58
Hemi/epidotus

hemi/epidotus

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o a

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - lOa

Summer

,,.

56'

Myoxocepha/us spp.

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o a

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - lOa

Summer

,go N

,,.

56'

1506'W ,... ",. ",. 150' ",. ",. 151· 150' ",.

Appendix Figure 47.-Distribution of Hemilepidolus hemilepidoluS larvae in

"euston tows in summer.

59

Appendix Figure 48.-Distribution of Myoxocephalus spp. larvae in neuston

tows in summer.
Myoxocephalus B

Larvae

Bongo

1S6"W '53' 15,.

Number

of tows

o 0

151'

Percent

occurrence

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

,..'

,O' N

,..

57'

...

Myoxocephalus G

Larvae

Bongo

155·

Number

of tows

o 0

151'

Percent

occurrence

i

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

,..

",

Appendix Figure 49.-Distribution of Myoxocephalus B larvae in bongo lows in

spring.

60

Appendix Figure SO,-Dislribulion of Myoxocephalus G larvae in bongo tows in

spring.
9 -11 •

3-5

6-8

, .. N

,,.

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

•

o

2

o 0

Number

of tows Radulinus asprellus

Larvae

Bongo

Summer

155' '54' 152' 151' ,,..

Appendix Figure SI.-Dislribulion of Rtululinus aspre/lus larvae in bongo lows

in summer.

61
Agonidae

Larvae

Bongo

lSS" ",.

Number

of tows

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Spring

".. 156' W '56' '56' '53' 151-

Summer

'50'

56'

Appendix Figure 52.-Distribution of Agonidae larvae in bongo tows. A. spring and B. summer.

62
Agonidae A

Larvae

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

59' N

57'

Spring 56'

156"W 156' 15,. 152' 151" ''''

Appendix Figure 53,-Distribution of Agonidae A larvae in bongo tows in

spring.

63
Cyclopteridae

Larvae

Bongo

58'

'9' N

Summer 58'

'58' ",. 156· W

Spring

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

150'

9 - 11'

6-8

3-5

o 0

• P..cent occurrerK:e inc;lic.ted by white dou

Number

of tows

",. ,.,. '58' '54'

A

Appendix Figure 54.-Distribution of Cyclopteridae larvae in bongo tows. A. spring and B. summer.

64
Aptocyc/us ventricosus

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Fall

,go N

56'

156"W 155· 151· "ll"

Appendix Figure 55.-Distribution of Ap/ocyclus ven/ricosus larvae in neuston

tows in fall.

65
Bathymaster spp.

Larvae

Neuston

Summer

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

,go N

,..

1530 l51' ",. "go 156"W ,... 161' ,,.,. ,...

o 0

Number

of tows

",. ,... ,... ,.,.

A

16of°W

Appendix Fil!ure 56.-Distribulion of Balhymasler spp. larvae in neuslon lows. A. summer and B. fall.

66
Bathymaster spp.

Larvae

Bongo

Percent

occurrence

i

'1_24

• 25-49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer or

or

or.

s,.

'40' 151· ,SO' '52' ,... ,,,. '56' ,or.. ".. ,SO'

Spring

2

151·

o 0

Number

of tows

152' ,,,. '56' '56'

A

s...

56'

56'

Appendix Figure 57.-Distribution of Bathymaster spp. larvae in bongo tows. A. spring, B. summer, and C. fall.

67
Ronquilus jordani

Larvae

Neuston

Number Percent Ronquilus jordani Number Percent

of tows occurrence Larvae of tows occurrence

0 0

i"-~ Bongo 0 0

• 25 -49

i"-~ • 25 -49

2 • 50-74 • 50-74

3-5 75 -·100 75 - 100

6-8

9 - 11 •

59' N

Summer

59" N

58"

57'

ISS' ,s<o "2" ,,.. "9" ,s<o "2"

Appendix Figure 58.-Dislribution of Ronquilus jordani larvae in neuslon tows

in fall.

68

Appendix Figure 59o-Dislribution of Ronquilus jordani larvae in bongo tows in

summer.
, .. N

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

o 0

Number

aftows Lumpenus maculatus

Larvae

Bongo

, .. N

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

o 0

Number

of tows

". ".

•

Spring 56" Spring 56'

155" ,,,. 150" 166"W 155' ,,,. '53" ",. 151'

Stichaeidae

Larvae

Bongo

Appendix Figure 60.-Distribution of Stichaeidae larvae in bongo tows in

spring.

Appendix Figure 61.-Distribution of Lump,nus maculatus larvae in bongo lows

in spring.

69
Lumpenus sagitta

Larvae

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75- 100

,,. N

58'

'1"

Spring 56'

15fiOW 155' '''' 1510

Appendix Figure 62.-Distribution of Lumpenus sagitta larvae in bongo tows in

spring,

70
Lyconectes aleutensis

Larvae

Neuston

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

o

Spring Summer

, .. N

50·

lS1°W ,,.. ,,,. '50" ,,,. ,.,. "2" ISl· '50"

Appendix Figure 63.-Distribution of Lyconectes aleutensis larvae in neuston tows. A. spring and B. summer.

71
Ammodytes hexapterus

Larvae

Neuston

156·W 'SO' ",.

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

50' N

...

5,.

Summer 56'

Ammodytes hexapterus

Larvae

Bongo

"5'

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

oct;urrence

1

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

150'

51"

56'

Appendix Fi~ure 64.-Distribution of Ammodyles hexaplerus larvae in neuston

tows in summer.

72

Appendix Figure 65.-Distribution of Ammodyles hexaplerus larvae in bongo

tows in spring.
9 -11 •

3-5

6-8

59"'

Summer

o

o

Spring

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

D

2

o 0

Number

of tows Pleuronectidae

Eggs

Neuston

lS6·W ,... ,... '53" ,.,. ,,.,. lS1°W ,.,. ,,.,.

Appendix Figure 66.-Dislributior, of Pleuroneclidae eggs in nellslon tows. A. spring and B. ",mmer.

73
Pleuronectidae

Eggs

Bongo

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent l oc:urre~~e_ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

'56' '54'

Summer

, .. N

58'

56'

Appendix Fi!!.ure 67.-Dislribulion of Pleuroneelidae eggs in bongo lows. A. spring and B. summer.

74
A theresthes stomias

Larvae

Bongo

6-8

3-5

,go N

... Spring

'52" ,,,.

• 156·W ,...

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

,...

2

Winter

9 -11 •

o 0

Number

aftows

..•..... : ;

'52" ,... ,,.. ,,,.

A

Appendix Figure 68.-Distribution of Athereslhes slomias larvae in bongo tows. A. winter and B. spring.

75
G/VPtocepha/us

zachirus

Eggs

Neuston

1506"W ",.

Number

of tows

o 0

151"

Percent

occurrence

1

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Summer

,,..

59' N

5..

51"

<\ppendix Figure 69.-Dislribution of Glyplocephalus zachirus eggs in neuslon

to tvS in summer.

76
G/yptocepha/us zachirus

Eggs

Bongo

A

'56' '53" ",.

Number

of tows

o 0

2

Percent

occurrence

i

"_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Spring

'50" 156"W '53" '52"

Summer

'50"

, .. N

,,.

56'

Appendix Figure 70.-Distribution of Glyplocephalus zachirus eggs in bongo tows. A. spring and B. summer.

77
9 -" •

'7'

, .. N

Summer

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

o 0

Number

of tows Hippog/ossoides e/assodon

Eggs

Neuston

51'

51'

'7'

, .. N

Summer

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

2

3 -5

6-8

o 0

•• 0

Number

of tows

•

G/yptocepha/us zachirus

Larvae

Bongo

156"'" '50' 'S<' lSI" ."" 156"'" .". .'" 151· "..

Appendix Fi~ure 71.-Distribution of Clyp/ocephalus zachirus larvae in bongo

tows in summer.

Appendix Figure n.-Distribution of Hippoglossoides dassodon eggs in neuston

tows in summer.

78
Hippoglossoides elassodon

Eggs

Bongo

lS6"W

A

155· 152"

Number

of tows Percent

occurrence

1

,,-24

• 25-49

• 50-74

75 - '00

Spring

,... ,..." ,... ,... '53" 152"

Summer

,,..

sr.

50'

Appendix Figure 73.-Distribulion of Hippoglossoides elassodan eggs in bongo lows. A. spring and B. summer.

79
Hippog/ossoides e/assodon

Larvae

Bongo

A

",.

Number

of tows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Spring

'50' 1550

Summer

5~

Appendix Figure 74.-0istribution of Hippoglossoides elassodon larvae in bongo lows. A. spring and B. summer.

80
6-8

55'

57'

...

Summer

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

o 0

Number

of tows Isopsetta isolepis

Larvae

Bongo

5.. N

o

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer

9 -11·

o 0

• PItl'c:ent O<:al••tnee indicated by white doll

Number

01 tows Isopsetta isolepis

Eggs

Bongo

I,.. 153" "2" lYOW '55' '53" "2" 151" 150' "..

Appendix Figure 7S.-Dislribution of Isopsella isolepis eggs in bon!:o lows in

summer.

Appendix Figure 76.-Dislribulion of Isopselln iso/epis lanae in bongo lo"s in

summer.

81
Lepidopsetta bilineata

Larvae

Bongo

Summer ...

lS6' W

••

15S' 'S" '52"

Number

of tows

161·

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

cd

Spring

,... w ,... '53" "2" ",,. ,...

sr.

Appendix Figure 77.-Distribution of Lepidopsella bi/ineala lanae in bongo tows. A. spring and B. summer.

82
3-5

6-8

,go N

,,.

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25-49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer

o

9 -11 •

Number

aftows Limanda aspera

Eggs

Bongo

56'

,go N

,,.

Summer

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Number

aftows Limanda aspera

Eggs

Neuston

156' ''''' 153' 151"

''''

Appendix Figure 78.-Distribution of Limanda aspeTa eggs in neuston tows in

summer.

Appendix Figure 79.-Distribution of Limanda aspeTa eggs in bongo tow, in

summer.

83
Limanda aspera

Larvae

Bongo

158"W 155' ,,,' ",.

Number

of tows

o 0

151'

Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Fall

"9'

'9' N

Microstomus pacificus

Eggs

Neuston

156· w

Number

of tows Percent

occurrence

1

11-24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer

"9'

'9' N

'7"

Appendix Figure 80.-Dislribulion of Limanda aspera larvae in bongo lows in

fall.

84

Appendix Figure 81.-Dislribulion of Microstomus pacificus eggs in neuslon

tows in summer.
•

9 -11 •

'9" N

...

Summer

Percent

occurrence

i

11 _ 24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

2

3-5

6-8

o 0

Number

of tows

Microstomus pacificus

Larvae

Bongo

'9" N

,,.

...

Summer ...

Number Percent

of tows occurrence

0 0

2

i"•

•

50-74

25 -49

-" 3-5 75 - 100

6-8

9 -11

Microstomus pacificus

Eggs

Bongo

1!i06"W '55' 'S<' IS,. IS,. 151' '50' l!i6'W 155" 1530 IS,. 15'" ,soAppendix Figure 82.-Dblribulion of Microstomus pacificus eggs in bongo lows

in summer.

Appendix Figure 83.-Dislribulion of Microstomus pacificus larvae in bon~o

tows in summer.

85
Psettichthys

melanostictus

Larvae

Bongo

Number

aftows

o 0

Percent

occurrence

11_24

• 25 -49

• 50-74

75 - 100

Summer

5" N

51"

'''' 152' ''''' ",.

Appendix Figure 84.-Distribution of Pse/lichlhys me/anosliclas larvae in bongo

tows in summer.

86
REGROUP - NEUSTON

(0040 affinity level)

Fall -- 255 samples

Hexagrammos lagocophalus ( 185) -

Hexagrammos ----- octogrammus (154)-I---rBathymaster spp. (90)

Hexagrammos decagrammus (70)t::

Hexagrammos stelleri (159)

Hemilepidotus spp. (131)

Pleurogrammus monopterygius (76)

Winter - 83 samples

Hexagrammos decagrammus (74)

Hexagrammos stelleri (29)

Hemilepidotus spp. (51)

Pleurogrammus monopterygius (42)

Spring - 106 samples

Pleurogrammus monopterygius (31)i: Hemilepidotus spp. (42)

Hexagrammos decagrammus (99)

Lyconectes aleutensis (24)

Hexagrammos stelleri (40)

Summer - 77 samples

Sebastes spp. (16) )1 Hexagrammos decagrammus (57)--Bathymasterspp. (46) Hemilepidotus spp.(5) Myoxocephalus spp. (13) Lyconectes aleutensis (30)

Ammodytes hexapterus (21)

Appendix Figure 8S.-Resulls of recurrent group analysis of neuston catches hy season. Boxes enclose members of recurrent groups. Lines

connect taxa with affinities outside their groups. Numbers of occurrences are in parentheses after taxa names.

87
REGROUP - BONGO

(0.40 affinity level)

Fall - 246 samples

Mallotus villosus (109)

Hemilepidotus spp. (175)

Hexagrammos lagocephalus (61)

Osmeridae (80)

Psettichthys melanostictus (6)

Limanda aspera (11)

Winter - 72 samples

Hemilepidotus spp (40)

Hexagrammos decagrammus (19)

Spring - 159 samples

Hexagrammos octogrammus (32)

Bathymaster spp. (21)

I

~~~-;;;~-:;;:4(30i==~=~--1.~::t'1 Gymnocanthus A (30) Mlyox Myoxocephalus ocephalus B

G (13) (11)1

Theragra chalcogramma (44)- Ammodytes hexapterus (92)

Lepidopsetta bilineata (65)

Gadus macrocephalus (9)

Hippoglossoides elassodon (5)

Summer - 88 samples

Stenobrachius leucopsarus (25) Bathymaster spp. (83)===~

Sebastes spp. (51)

Glyptocephalus zachirus (281

~M~ic~r~o~s~to~m?iiu~sip~a~c~if~ic~u~s~(C11~9~)~:t==~=4HiPPoglossoides elassodon (41)

Psettichthys melanost/ctus (36)

Lepidopsetta bilineata (24)

Ronguilus iordani (21)

Appendix Figure H6.-Resulls of recurrenl group analysis of bongo calches by season. Boxes enclose members of recurrent groups. Lines connect taxa with

affinities outside their groups. Numbers of occurrences are in parentheses after taxa names.

88
REGROUP

(OAO affinity level)

All neuston - 497 samples

Lyconectes aleutensis (45)

Ammodytes hexapterus (26)

Pleurogrammus monopterygius (146) Hemilepidotus spp. (219)

~H~e.:x~ag'!.!.r~a'!.!.m~m~o::s~d~e::ca~g'!.:.r~a:.!.n::'7m!!.::.u.:.s~(~2!...7~6!.:.) =~_, Hexagrammos stelleri (226) Hexagrammos octogrammus (171)

Hexagrammos lagocephalus (185)

Bathymaster spp. (142)

All bongo - 565 samples

I

Hemilepidotus spp. (241)1

Mallotus villosus (141) I

Hippoglossoides elassodon (49) - Ba th ymaster spp. (1 27)---+-------Psettich th ys melanostictus (45)

Sebastes spp. (29)

Glyptocephalus zachirus (91)

Ammodytes hexapterus (99)

Lepidopsetta bilineata (91)

Gymnocanthus A (30)

Myoxocephalus B (13)

Myoxocephalus G (11)

Hexagrammos lagocephalus (61)

Hexagrammos octogrammus (32)

Osmeridae (101)

All data - 1082 samples

Gymnocanthus A (31)

Myoxocephalus B (14)

M h I yoxocep a us G (12) 1Hemilepidotus spp. (460)

Mallotus villosus (209) Hexagrammos stelleri (259)

Hexagrammos octogrammus (205)

t~/eUrOgrammusmonopterygius (171 l+-- Hexagrammos lagocephalus (288)

Hexagrammos decagrammus (313)

Ammodytes hexapterus (125)

Lepidopsetta bilineata (96)

Bathymaster spp. (270)

Sebastes spp. (116)

Appendix Figure 87.-Results of recurrent group analysis of all data, regardless of net or season; all bongo data, regardless of season; and all neuston data, regardless of season. Boxes enclose members of recurrent groups. Lines connect taxa with affinities outside their groups. Numbers of occurrences are in parentheses after

taxa names.

'GPO 593-081 1984 89