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SEEDS OF

NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES

OF NORTH AMERICA

Agriculture Handbook No. 392

Q::

Agricultural Research Service

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

SEEDS OF

NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES

OF NORTH AMERICA

By Charles R. Gunn

Agriculture Handbook No. 392

Agricultural Research Service

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Washington, D.C. Issued June 1971

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 — Price 45 cents
Contents

Page

Material and methods 1

Seed key to Vicia species 4

Synopses of seed and legume characters 6

Literature cited 42

IV
SEEDS OF

NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES

OF NORTH AMERICA

BY CHARLES R. GUNN, plant taxonomist, Plant Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service

This study constitutes an investigation of external seed characteristics of 36 species of Vicia

(Leguminosae) found in North America. With

the increasing use of exotic and native vetches,

the need for accurate identification of vetch

seeds has become more apparent.

Except for Gunn 1970a,^ identification of

vetches by seed characteristics has been restricted to a few crop or weedy species (Brouwer and Stahlin 1955, lannelli 1964', Justice 1952,

Korsmo 1935, Kostrakiewicz 1951, Musil 1963,

Pierpoint 19J^9, Quartley 1968a and 1968b,

Swederski 192J^, Tupikova 1926, Utkin 1965,

Vodák 1956, Wittmack 1922, and Zertová

1962). In several taxonomic treatments vetch

seed characters are mentioned but not utilized

to their fullest extent either in the construction

of the keys or in the species descriptions (Ascherson and Graebner 1909, Ball 1968, Fedtschenko 19Í8, Gams 192Jf., Guinea 1953, and Hermann

1960),

MATERIAL AND METHODS

At least two seed samples of each of the 36

Vicia species described here are supported by

voucher herbarium specimens. These authenticated seed samples have been used in preparing

the photographs and in constructing the key.

Additional seed samples, many identified by

comparison, were used to complete the survey

for each species.

Seed shapes are categorized as spherical, subspherical, oblong, oval, lenticular, sublenticular,

pyramidal, subpyramidal, cuboidal, and subcuboidal. Occasionally seeds may be compressed-spherical or oblong with one or both

ends truncated. This is usually caused by the

pressure of adjacent seeds in the legume (pod).

Ordinarily each seed has sufficient room to

mature without pressure from adjacent seeds,

because some ovules were not fertilized or have

aborted. When all or nearly all the ovules mature, the seeds may be compressed from one or

both sides. Vicia lathyroides is an exception,

because usually its cuboidal seeds show the results of pressure from adjacent seeds and the

legume. For a more complete discussion, see

Gunn 1970a,

The surface of the seedcoat is usually

smooth. Species of Vicia that occasionally have

a velvetlike seedcoat include V, angustifolia,

V, benghalensis, V, lutea, V, narbonensis, V.

sativa, and V, villosa. The seedcoat surface of

V. lathyroides is pusticulate^ and that of V,

hybrida may be smooth or moderately rugose.

Seed and hilum colors were determined by

Regina 0. Hughes, botanical illustrator, using

a stereoscopic microscope and a Nicholas illuminator. She classified the colors as whitish,

straw, yellowish, orange red, rosy, reddish,

ocher, green, greenish, brown, chocolate, gray,

purplish, blackish, and combinations of these

colors.

Vetch seeds are monochromed or marked.

They may be marked by points (point-shaped

dots), mottles (larger blotches or irregular

shapes), and streaks (lines of color).

The dimensions of the seeds are length (par1 The year in italic after the author's name is the key

to the reference in Literature Cited, p. 42.

2 MURLEY, M. R. SEEDS OF THE CRUCIFERAE OF NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA. Amer. Midland Nat. 46: 69.

1951.
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

allel to hilum), width (from center of hilum to

opposite side of seed and at right angle to plane

of hilum), and thickness (at right angle to

hilum and in same plane). The measurements

were made with a stereoscopic microscope

fitted with an ocular micrometer or a Lufkin

pocket slide caliper.

Seeds are classified by length as small (less

than 3 mm.), medium (3 mm. to less than 6

mm.), or large (6 mm. or more). The measurements used in the key and synopses are average

values.

The hila of most members of the Lotoideae

have a fine central groove, which is easily seen

in all the vetches studied except those in which

the funiculus persists. The lips of the groove

may be the same color as the hilum or strikingly different. In the latter case, the whitish

lips may be rather prominent, as seen in the

photographs of V. angustifolia, V, dasycarpa,

and V. monantha. Occasionally the hilar groove

may be white within rather than the color of

the hilum. An example of a white hilar groove

may be seen in the photograph of V, narbonensis seed.

Some species have a halo, a discolored area,

around the hilum, viz, V. articulata and V. dasycarpa.

The five hilum shapes are circumlinear, linear, oblong, wedge shaped, and oval or elliptical.

A circumlinear hilum is more than 10 times

longer than wide, occupies 50 percent or more

of the seed circumference, and is always linear

in shape. A linear hilum is five to seven (rarely

nine to 10) times as long as wide, occupies less

than 40 percent of the seed circumference, and

has parallel margins. An oblong hilum is less

than five times but always greater than twice

as long as wide, has slightly curved margins,

and occupies less than 40 percent of the seed

circumference. A wedge-shaped hilum has margins converging to the lens. In all other respects

it is similar to the oblong hilum. An oval or

elliptical hilum is never longer than twice its

width, is rounded in outline, and occupies less

than 20 percent of the seed circumference.

The lens, as defined by Kopooshian,^ is "all

3 KOPOOSHIAN, H. A. SEED CHARACTER RELATIONSHIPS

IN THE LEGUMINOSAE. Microfilm 63-7257. Univ. Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich. 1963. [Unpublished.]

reinforcements of normal tissue of the seed,

situated between the hilum and chalaza, on the

trajectory of the principal vascular bundles. Externally it is a lens-shaped raised structure near

the hilum." The term ''chalaza" is often incorrectly used for this lens area. According to Pitot

(1936), the chalaza may be close to the lens but

is never found under it. He and other authors

defined the chalaza as a "point at which the

vascular bundles reach the nucellus."

The lens is located near the narrow end of the

hilum, the end opposite the micropyle, except

when the lens is on the opposite side of the seed,

i.e., V. hyhrida, V. lutea, and F. pannonica. The

relative positions of the lens to the hilum are

lens on the opposite side of the seed from the

center of the hilum, center of lens removed

(more than 0.5 mm.) from the hilum, center of

lens near the hilum (less than 0.5 mm.) but the

discolored area not touching the hilum, and lens

confluent with the hilum (discolored area touching the hilum).

Descriptions and photographs of the legumes

(pods) are included, because legume fragments

or whole legumes may be available during seed

identification. These legume characteristics

were recorded: Color, outer surface of valves,

length and width, shape in cross section, length

of stipe, number of ovules, inner surface of valves, and degree of twist at dehiscence.

The color of the legumes may be altered by

Alternaría tennis auct. sensu Wiltshire, whose

black mycelia darken the legumes. Legumes

with this mold appear blackish and scurfy. Its

presence may be determined by observing the

catenulate (chainlike) spores with a compound

microscope.

The outer surface of the valves may possess

several topographical features, viz, hairs, nectariferous glands, a reticulate surface caused by

visible venation, light-colored flush punctations

especially prominent on mature (dark) valves,

pustules, knoblike processes, and depressions

between each seed.

The length of the legume was determined

from the tip of the indurate part of the style to

the base of the calyx. The width was measured

at the widest part of the legume.

Legumes vary from terete to rather flattened

in cross section. Most of them have an oblong or
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA

modified oblong shape. The apex and base are

usually obliquely short or long acuminate, or

the apex may be nearly beaked.

The length of the stipe was measured from

the base of the calyx to the base of the valve. In

most species the stipe is enclosed within the

indurate calyx.

The inner surface of the valves is smooth for

all native North American species. A few introduced species have a prominent or ill-defined

cross-rib between each seed. These ribs are

mounds of fibrous material, apparently derived

from the fibers lining the inner surface of the

valves.

Most of the valves twist tightly during dehiscence. In a tight twist the inner surface of

the valve is not visible after twisting is completed. Occasionally legumes exhibit a loose

twist when the inner surface of the valve is

visible after twisting is completed.

The calyx and androecial sheath are usually

attached to the mature legume. Petals are

rarely present. The androecial sheath is always

on the lower side of the legume and is subtended

by the single calyx tooth.

The greenhouse-grown plants were raised at

the Soil Conservation Service greenhouses,

Beltsville, Md.

In each photograph the magnification is indicated by a millimeter ruler. The space between each line represents 1 mm. In the legends

the numbers after the collector's name refer to

the voucher herbarium specimens.

The herbarium symbols are as follows:

(ARIZ) - University of Arizona Herbarium,

Tucson; (ISC) - Iowa State University Herbarium, Ames; (MICH) - University Herbarium,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; (NA) -

U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium, Washington, D.C.; (NY) - New York Botanical Garden,

New York; (OKL) - Bebb Herbarium, University of Oklahoma, Norman; and (US) - U.S.

National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C.
4 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OP AGRICULTURE

SEED KEY TO VICIA SPECIES

1. Hilum circumlinear, occupying about 75 percent of seed circumference.

2. Seed lenticular; remnants of funiculus along each side of hilum as minute, white, parallel fringes

y. grandiflora var. kitaibeliana

2. Seed spherical or subspherical ; hilum without funicular fringes.

3. Seed over 5.5 mm. in length .._ .' y. gigantea'^

3. Seed never more than 4 mm. in length.

4. Hilum conspicuous without magnification, lighter color than seedcoat.

5. Lens a conspicuous raised area about 0.4 mm. from hilum V. minutiflora^

5. Lens inconspicuous or not visible (raised center absent) and confluent with hilum y. acutifolia

4. Hilum color of seedcoat, thus difficult to locate without magnification. (Hilar groove lips may be

conspicuous in V. caroliniana.)

6. Seed base color obscured by dense black mottling, thus seed appearing as monochrome blackish

brown y. caroliniana and V. hugeri

6. Seed base color ocher to reddish brown, never concealed by mottles; mottles may be absent.

7. Seed about 2.2 mm. in length ..y. floridana

7. Seed 2.8 mm. or more in length.

8. Seed about 3.5 mm. in length; hilum usually surrounded by halo V. sepium

8. Seed about 2.8 mm. in length; halo absent V, ocalensis

1. Hilum various, occupying less than 40 percent of seed circumference.

9. Lens on opposite side of seed from center of hilum.

10. Hilum 3 mm. or more in length, occupying at least 18 percent of seed circumference V. lutea

10. Hilum seldom over 2 mm. in length, occupying 16 percent or less of seed circumference.

11. Seed spherical, 4-5 mm. thick; hilum 1.25 mm. wide y. hybrida

11. Seed sublenticular to subpyramidal, seldom exceeding 3.5 mm. in thickness; hilum 0.75 mm. or less

in width y, pannonica

9. Lens near hilum, never more than one-half distance between center of hilum and opposite side of seed.

12. Seed definitely cuboidal or pyramidal.

13. Seedcoat smooth; seed pyramidal V, ervilia

13. Seedcoat pusticulate; seed cuboidal ......' y. lathyroides

12. Seed spherical, oblong, lenticular, or compressed-rounded.

14. Hilum elliptical to oval, 1^/^ to 2^/^ times longer than wide _ V. narbonensis

14. Hilum slightly wedge shaped to oblong, at least three times longer than wide.

15. Hilum basal; seed large, over 6 mm. in length AND width . y. faba

15. Hilum lateral, parallel to seed length; seed smaller, less than 6 mm. in length AND width.

16. Funiculus permanently and completely attached to hilum, appearing as a raised, snow-white

hilum — y. benghalensis

16. Funiculus usually absent (except for minute traces) ; if attached, only loosely so and easily

sloughed oflP, or attached over only part of hilum, seldom snow white.

17. Seed less than 2 mm. in length.

18. Hilum three times longer than wide, never occupying more than 25 percent of seed circumference - . y. tetrasperma

18. Hilum five times longer than wide, occupying 30 percent of seed circumference.

19. Lens center 1 mm. from end of hilum y. leucophaea

19. Lens center 0.5 to 0.7 mm. from end of hilum y. humilis

17. Seed at least 2 mm. in length.

20. Seedcoat glossy ; seed less than 3 mm. in length ; hilum usually covered by straw- to

chocolate-colored funiculus y, hirsuta

20. Seedcoat not glossy (if semiglossy, seed over 3 mm. in length) ; funiculus absent (on immature seed if funiculus present, then not as above).

21. Hilum occupying less than 20 percent of seed circumference.

22. Lens noticeably reddish to orange red or yellowish.

23. Seed lenticular to sublenticular; over 5 mm. in length ...y. articúlala

23. Seed subspherical to sublenticular, seldom over 4.5 mm. in length y. disperma

^ Vicia menziesii Sprengel, an extinct endemic of Hawaii, keys out with V, gigantea. Vicia menziesii is discussed

in Gunn (1970b).

2 Vicia reverchonii S. Watson, an extinct endemic in environs of Dallas, Tex., and Wewoka, Okla., keys out with

y. minutiflora. The taxonomic status of V. reverchonii is under investigation.
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 5

22. Lens not tinged with red except in seeds with reddish cast, then not noticeably redder

than seedcoat.

24. Hilum occupying 15 percent of seed circumference.

25. Seed with black line (composed of mottles) occupying two-thirds of seed circumference - - V. monantha

25. Seed without this distinct black line.

26. Seed less than 3.5 mm. in length.

27. Hilum six times longer than wide -- - V. exigua

27. Hilum five times or less longer than wide —V. angustifolia

26. Seed 3.5 mm. or more in length.

28. Hilum flush with seedcoat ; lips of hilar groove neither well developed nor

strongly whitened - - -- - -V, villosa

28. Hilum appearing depressed at margin ; lips of hilar groove well developed and

usually strongly colored from straw to nearly white.

29. Lips of hilar groove usually strongly whitened; lens with raised center;

seed usually rounded-rectangular (pillow shaped) ; seedcoat usually semiglossy, variously colored, monochromed to densely mottled. (Largest seeds

of V. angustifolia will key out here.) V. sativa

29. Lips of hilar groove only light colored ; lens without raised center ; seed

oval, sublenticular, or oblong; seedcoat dull, consistently dull reddish to

grayish brown, mottled with darker brown .- V. dasycarpa

24. Hilum occupying more than 15 percent (but less than 20 percent) of seed circumference.

30. Lips of hilar groove well developed, usually strongly whitened ; OR seedcoat with

greenish cast or covered with black velvet ..- - - V. angustifolia

30. Lips neither strongly developed nor whitened ; seedcoat neither greenish nor covered with black velvet.

31. Raised center of lens more than 1 mm. from hilum -— V, americana

31. Raised center of lens 1 mm. or less from hilum.

32. Hilum oblong; seed usually oblong - V, tenuifolia

32. Hilum slightly wedge shaped ; seed usually spherical.

33. Hilum six times longer than wide V, exigua

33. Hilum three to four times longer than wide - V. leavenworthii

21. Hilum occupying 20 percent or more of seed circumference.

34. Lips of hilar groove well developed, usually strongly whitened ; OR seedcoat with

greenish cast or covered with black velvet V. angustifolia

34. Lips neither strongly developed nor whitened ; seedcoat neither greenish nor covered

with black velvet.

35. Raised center (or center) of lens 1 mm. or more from hilum.

36. Seed less than 3 mm. in length - —- V. leucophaea

36. Seed 3 mm. or more in length.

37. Lens only slightly discolored, thus nearly invisible V, cracca

37. Lens with raised center and discolored, thus rather visible.

38. Seed dull purplish brown to dull light brown, scattered to densely mottled and

pointed with darker brown V, americana

38. Seed dull, dark ocher, densely mottled and pointed with blackish brown V, unijuga

35. Raised center (or center) of lens less than 1 mm. from hilum.

39. Seed 3 mm. or more in length, usually oblong.

40. Hilum occupying about 30 percent of seed circumference . V. cracca

40. Hilum occupying about 25 percent or less of seed circumference V, tenuifolia

39. Seed less than 3 mm. in length, usually spherical or nearly so.

41. Hilum four times or less longer than wide.

42. Hilum occupying about 20 percent of seed circumference V, leavenworthii

42. Hilum occupying about 30 percent of seed circumference V, humilis

41. Hilum five to six times longer than wide, occupying from 23 to 30 percent of

seed circumference.

43. Seed about 2 mm. in length; lens center about 0.5 mm. from hilum V. ludoviciana

43. Seed about 2.5 mm. in length; lens center about 0.7 mm. from hilum.

44. Seed monochrome dull, dark brown -V. leucophaea

44. Seed dull, reddish brown, mottled with black V. pulchella
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

SYNOPSES OF SEED AND LEGUME CHARACTERS

Vicia acutifolia Ell.

Seed subspherical to spherical; smooth;

bright reddish brown, with blackish mottles;

small; 2x1-8x2 mm. Although most seeds

average about 1.6 mm. in all dimensions, a few

seeds in each sample and one entire collection

from Glynn Co., Ga., averaged 2.5 mm. in length

and thickness and 2 mm. in width.

Hilum lighter than seedcoat; lips of hilar

groove color of hilum; funicular remnants adhering to margin; usually encompassed by faint

light-brown halo; circumlinear; over 10 times

longer than wide; occupying 75 percent of seed

circumference.

Lens blackish blending with seedcoat; confluent with hilum.

Legume pale brown with greenish cast to

darker brown; pubescent, becoming glabrate or

glabrous with age; strongly punctate and reticulate; 24x5 mm.; flattened; linear-oblong;

oblique and acute at both ends; stipe 3 mm.

long; six to nine ovules; inner valve surface

smooth; twisting tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of Florida and coastal southern Georgia. Grows in sandy soil, low calcareous

hammocks, swamps, ditches, and roadsides.

Closely related to V. floridana and V. ocalensis.

Six samples studied.

Sand Vetch

(Fig. 1)

B

BN-37070, BN-37069

FIGURE 1.—Vicia acutifolia EIL: A, Legumes and seeds;

B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3333, Levy Co., Fla. (NA,

US).
SEEDS OF NATiyE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA

Vicia americana Willd.

Seed subspherical, spherical, oblong; smooth;

dull purplish brown to dull light brown to

lighter brown, with scattered to dense darkbrown mottles and points; some seeds so

densely speckled as to appear almost monochrome; medium; 3.5x3.2x2.9 mm.

Hilum silvery because of funicular remnants,

when funicular remnants absent, then color of

seedcoat; lips of hilar groove color of hilum;

without halo; oblong to slightly wedge shaped;

five to six times longer than wide; occupying

20-33 percent of seed circumference.

Lens generally darker than seed; raised center from 1.3 to 2 mm. from hilum.

Legume light to dark straw color ; glabrous,

pubescent in small populations in Arizona, California, Oregon, and Washington; strongly reticulate; 35x6 mm.; terete to partially ñattened;

oblong; oblique and acute at both ends; stipe

4-5 mm. long; eight to 14 ovules; inner valve

surface smooth; twisting loosely to tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—This is the most common and widespread native North American vetch found

from Quebec and New Jersey west to Alaska,

California, and northern Mexico. Darker seeds

are usually found in Pacific Coast States and

lighter colored seeds from Rocky Mountains

eastward. Gunn (1968) presents the most recent

treatment of this species complex. Sixteen samples studied.

American Vetch

(Fig. 2)

BN-37072, BN-37071

FIGURE 2.—Vicia americana Willd.: A, Legumes and

seeds far western and eastern types; B, seeds far

western and eastern types. Top (white legumes),

C. R. Gunn 2631, Riverside Co., Calif. (ISC) ;

bottom (blackened legumes), C. R. Gunn 2566,

Story Co., Iowa (ISC).
AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia angustifolia L.

Seed rounded-squarish to subspherical;

smooth; monochrome velvety purpUsh black, or

monochrome straw to light reddish brown, or

greenish straw to reddish straw, with scattered

to dense mottles, points or streaks of dark

brown or both; small to medium; 2.3-4 mm. in

all dimensions.

Hilum straw to whitish, black on blackvelvety seed, and black or brown on seed with

greenish cast; lips of hilar groove usually

strongly whitened, but black on black-velvety

seed, and black or brown on seed with greenish

cast; without halo; wedge to slight wedge

shaped; three to five times longer than wide;

occupying 16-21 percent of seed circumference.

Lens generally blackish, occasionally brown

to nearly invisible; raised center from 0.5 to 1

mm. from hilum.

Legume black to dark brown; short pubescent becoming glabrate at maturity; punctate

and reticulate; 35-50x4-6 mm.; terete;

slender-oblong; oblique and acuminate at both

ends; stipe absent; eight to 11 ovules; inner valve surface with fibrous cross-ribs; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.-—Introduced from Europe. Naturalized and occasionally cultivated throughout

United States, frequent along roadsides in

southeastern and far western United States and

in northern and central Mexico. The plants and

seeds of V. angustifolia are similar to and often

confused with those of V. sativa. In some botanical treatments V. angustifolia is made a variety of V. sativa. Thirty-four samples studied.

Narrowleaf Vetch

(Fig. 3)

B

BN-37062, BN-37061

FIGURE 3.—Vicia angustifolia L. : A, Legumes and

seeds; B, color range of seeds. A, C. R. Gunn

2832, Story Co., Iowa (ISC). B, C. R. Gunn 2832,

3570, 3569; 3582, 3563, 3568; 3154, 3505, 3565;

3525, 3564, 3508; greenhouse plants (NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA

Vicia articúlala Hörnern.

Seed lenticular; smooth; pale straw to reddish straw, with points, mottles, and streaks of

light brown and blackish brown; medium;

5.5X5.1X2.7 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

white; encompassed by lighter straw-colored

halo; oblong to nearly linear; six to seven times

longer than wide; occupying 10 percent of seed

circumference.

Lens in fresh seed bright orange red to blood

red or yellow, becoming darker red on older

seed; raised center about 1.2 mm. from hilum.

Legume yellowish brown; glabrous; outer

valve surface depressed between each seed,

strongly reticulate; 15-30x6-8 mm.; flat; oblong; oblique acute at apex and base; stipe 1

mm.; two to four ovules; inner valve surface

smooth; twisting slightly during what appears

to be a tardy dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from southern Europe.

Cultivated in Florida, Georgia, California, and

Oregon. Not winter hardy. This seed is labeled

V. monantha in Pierpoint (19^9). Ten samples

studied.

Single-Flowered Vetch

(Fig. 4)

g^

A

B

BN-37073, BN-37074

FIGURE 4.—Vicia articulata Hörnern.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3521, greenhouse

plant (NA).
10 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia benghalensis L.

y

Purple Vetch

(Fig. 5)

Seed subspherical to sublenticular; smooth;

brownish gray, with black mottles, often appearing as monochrome black brown due to

dense mottling; medium; 5x4.7x3.5 mm.

Hilum concealed by completely and permanently attached snow-white funiculus; without

halo; nearly linear; seven times longer than

wide; occupying 19 percent of seed circumference.

Lens black but easily located; center about

1.2 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to brown; pubescent; outer

valve surface depressed between each seed; 25-

35x8-12 mm.; flattened; oblong to oblongrhombic; oblique acute at apex, oblique rounded

at base; stipe 1 mm.; four to five ovules; inner

valve surface with fibrous cross-ribs; twisting

slightly during tardy dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of southern Europe. Cultivated and naturalized in Pacific Coast States.

Fifteen samples studied.

BN-37060, BN-37069

FIGURE 5.—Vicia benghalensis L. : A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3695, greenhouse

plant (NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 11

Vicia caroliniana Wall.

Seed subspherical to oblong; smooth; greenish brown to reddish brown, with few to many

black mottles that may nearly obscure base

color, thus seed appearing monochrome blackish

brown; small; 2.4-2.9x2.1-2.5x2 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

may be light brown; without halo; circumlinear; over 10 times longer than wide; occupying

75 percent of seed circumference.

Lens blackish; nearly confluent with hilum.

Legume straw to brown with greenish or

purplish cast to blackish brown; glabrous;

punctate and weakly reticulate; 15-30x6 mm.;

terete to partially flattened; oblong; obliquely

acuminate at both ends; stipe 2 mm. ; four to 11

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—^Native east of Mississippi River and

in Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and

Louisiana. Usually found in fertile woods, thickets, and steep limestone roadcuts. This species

appears to be closely related to V. hugeri, a

poorly understood species of the Appalachian

Mountains of South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. The seeds of V. caroliniana are identical

to those of V. hugeri. Ten samples studied.

Wood Vetch

(Fig. 6)

BN-37066, BN-3706B

FIGURE 6.—Vicia caroliniana Walt.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3634, Macon Co., N.C.

(NA, US).
12 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia cracca L.

Seed subspherical to oblong; smooth; reddish

brown, densely mottled with brown, nearly

masking base color; medium; 3.2x2.8x2.6

mm.

Hilum silvery because of funicular remnants

or color of seedcoat if remnants absent; lips of

hilar groove essentially color of hilum; without

halo; linear; six times longer than wide; occupying 33 percent of seed circumference.

Lens only slightly discolored, small, difficult

to locate; about 1 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to brown with greenish cast to

dark brown; glabrous; inconspicuously reticulate; 20-30x4-7 mm.; terete to partially

flattened; obliquely acuminate at apex,

obliquely rounded at base; stipe 1 mm.; four to

seven ovules; inner valve surface smooth;

twisting tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Circumpolar. Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Virginia, Illinois, and

Washington. The seed and legume descriptions

are based on North American material. Twentyeight samples studied.

Boreal Vetch

(Fig. 7)

t.' "f

BN-37063, BN-37064

FIGURE 7.—Vicia cracca L.: A, Legumes and seeds; B,

seeds. C. R. Gunn 3543, Tolland Co., Conn. (NA,

US).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 13

Vicia dasycarpa Ten.

Seed oval, subspherical, oblong; smooth; dull

reddish brown to grayish brown, obscurely mottled with slightly darker brown; medium;

4.7X4X3.5 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

pale straw; usually encompassed by light-brown

halo; oblong to slightly wedge shaped; three to

four times longer than wide; occupying 13 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat, usually without

raised center; center about 1.2 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to brownish; puberulous;

faintly reticulate; 20-40x7-10 mm.; flattened;

oblong; apex beaked, base obliquely acuminate;

stipe 3 mm.; three to five ovules ; inner valve surface smooth; twisting loosely during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Europe. Naturalized and cultivated in southern and far western

United States. This seed description applies to

V. dasycarpa in the narrow sense because V.

villosa var. gktbrescens Koch is included under

V. villosa. This interpretation does not follow

Hermann (1960), who regarded V. villosa var.

gktbrescens as a synonym of V. dasycarpa. The

seeds of var. gktbrescens are identical to those

of V. villosa and dissimilar to those of V.

dasycarpa. Vicia dasycarpa seeds may be confused with those of V. sativa and V. villosa.

Hillman (1933) illustrated the differences between seeds of V. villosa and V. dasycarpa. The

plants of both are rather similar. However,

neither plant is similar to that of V. sativa.

Some taxonomists have combined V. dasycarpa

and V. villosa, whereas others have retained

them as separate species. The taxonomic status

of V. dasycarpa is currently under investigation. The common name "woollypod vetch" is

derived from the species name "dasycarpa."

Unfortunately the legumes are not woolly and

not even hairy. The common name "woollypod"

should be dropped and replaced by winter vetch.

Thirteen samples studied.

Winter Vetch

(Fig. 8)

BN-37009, BN-37010

FIGURE 8.—Vicia dasycarpa Ten.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3696, greenhouse

plant (NA, US).
14 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia disperma DC.

Seed subspherical to sublenticular; smooth;

light bright reddish ocher, strikingly streaked

with blackish brown, to monochrome blackish

brown because of dense streaking; medium;

4.2X4.2X3.6 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

straw; encompassed by orange halo; wedge

shaped; three to four times longer than wide;

occupying 12 percent of seed circumference.

Lens reddish to orange red; raised center

from 0.8 to 1 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw colored; glabrous; weakly reticulate, occasionally with widely scattered knoblike processes; 14-22x5-7 mm.; flat; oblong or

subrhomboidal; apex obliquely acuminate to

rounded; stipe 2 mm.; two ovules; inner valve

surface smooth; twisting loosely to tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.-—Introduced from southern Europe.

Locally adventive in California and southern

United States. Seven samples studied.

Two-Seeded Vetch

(Fig. 9)

=z f- A

B

BN-37054. BN-37053

FIGURE 9.—Vicia disperma DC: A, Legumes and seeds;

B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3492, (larger seeds in B,

3496); greenhouse plants (NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 15

Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.

Seed pyramidiil; smooth; nearly monochrome

pale straw to reddish straw, to lightly marked

with mottles and points only slightly darker

than base color, to blackish brown, or light

brown, densely mottled and streaked with dark

blackish brown; medium; 3.2-5.6 X 2.8-5 X

2.7-4.8 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat or darker; difficult to

locate on densely mottled and streaked seeds;

lips of hilar groove pale straw; encompassed by

light-brown halo, especially noticeable on

speckled seeds; elliptical; two times longer than

wide; occupying 8 percent of seed circumference.

Lens bright reddish to reddish brown; raised

center from 2.2 to 2.6 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to light brown; glabrous (occasionally with numerous nectariferous

glands); reticulate, sometimes with few to

numerous knoblike processes, and usually

nearly moniliform, occasionally with pools of

nectar in depressions; 12-25x2-5 mm.; terete

to slightly flattened; oblong; apex abruptly

acuminate, base long acuminate; stipe absent;

two to four ovules, rarely one ovule; inner valve

surface smooth; twisting loosely to tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from southern Europe.

Cultivated in Pacific Northwest. Twenty-one

samples studied.

Bitter Vetch

(Fig. 10)

#

;/

•

lEfe

iQPJjr

B

BN-37051, BN-370B2

FIGURE 10.—Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. A, Top (smaller legumes and

seeds), Jones and Keller 218, environs of Tbilisi

Park, Russia; bottom (larger legumes and seeds),

C. R. Gunn 3167, greenhouse plant (NA). B,

seeds identified by comparison identification.
16 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia exigua Nutt. I

Seeds spherical to subspherical; smooth; dull,

medium to dark brown or gray brown, sparingly

to densely mottled with darker brown or uniformly gray brown; small; 2-2.5 mm. in all

dimensions.

Hilum color of seedcoat or lighter; lips of hilar groove lighter than hilum; with or without

faint halo; slightly wedge shaped; six times

longer than wide; occupying 14-17 percent of

seed circumference.

Lens blackish; raised center 0.5 mm. from

hilum.

Legume straw to brown; glabrous; strongly

reticulate; 20-30x4-6 mm.; partially flattened; oblong; obliquely acuminate at both

ends; stipe 2 mm.; four to eight ovules; inner

valve surface smooth; twisting tightly during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Native from Utah to southern Oregon, south to Mexico, exclusive of Texas and

southeastern New Mexico. This species is

treated in a narrower sense than Hermann

{I960), because V. leavenworthii var. occidentalis Shinners is not recognized as a synonym of

V. exigua. Seven samples studied.

Slender Vetch

(Fig. 11)

•

1^^ I». ',_

B

BN-87049, BN-37050

FIGURE 11.—Vicia exigua Nutt.: A, Legumes and seeds;

B, seeds. G. J. Harrison and T. H. Kearney 8577,

Fresnal Canyon, Ariz. (ARIZ).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OP NORTH AMERICA 17

Vicia fába L.

Seed oblong to oval, flattened or rounded;

smooth; bright reddish brown, light to dark

greenish brown, or light to dark purple, all

obscurely mottled and pointed with colors similar to base colors; large; 6.5-17x7-30.5x4.5-9

mm.

Hilum blackish to brown, completely or partially covered by scurfy remnants of funiculus;

funiculus occasionally remaining attached at

one point, easily sloughed oif; hilar groove

often white; whithout halo; elliptical in smaller

seed, oblong in larger seed; from three to six

times longer than wide; occupying about 18 percent of seed circumference.

Lens conspicuous brown; raised center 3.6-

12.9 mm. from hilum depending on seed size.

Legume greenish black or brown to black;

glabrous; reticulate; 80-200x10-30 mm.;

plump (inflated); terete or flattened; oblong;

obliquely acuminate at both ends; style usually

permanent; stipe 4 mm.; three to four ovules;

inner valve surface with fibrous cross-ribs;

twisting loosely or occasionally rather tightly

during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from northern Africa

and southwestern Asia. Locally grown as a

vegetable and stock feed. The several varieties

and cultivars used in agriculture have a wide

range of seed colors and sizes. This unique vetch

seed is the largest in the genus. Several authors

have proposed that V. faba be placed in its own

genus, Faba. The generic disposition of V. faba

has been open to question and remains unsettled. Forty-one samples studied.

Horse Bean

(Fig. 12)

BN-37044, BN-37043

FIGURE 12.—Vicia faba L.: A, Legumes and seeds; B,

seeds. A, C. R. Gunn 3697, greenhouse plant

(NA). B, C. R. Gunn 3481, 3481; 3479, 3488; 3482,

(hilum of 3481), 3151; 3483, 3480; greenhouse

plants (NA).
18 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia floridana S. Wats.

Seed spherical; smooth; ocher to reddish

brown, usually marked with blackish mottles;

small; 2.2 mm. in all dimensions.

Hilum color of seedcoat, inconspicuous; lips

of hilar groove color of hilum; without halo;

circumlinear; over 10 times longer than wide;

occupying 75 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; confluent with

hilum.

Legume straw to blackish brown with greenish cast; glabrous; punctate and reticulate;

10-13x4 mm.; partially flattened; oblong; obliquely acuminate at both ends; stipe 2 mm.;

one to four ovules; inner valve surface smooth;

twisting loosely to tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of central and northeastern

Florida. Closely related to V. acutifolia and V.

ocalensis. Six samples studied.

Florida Vetch

(Fig. 13)

BN-37048, BN-37047

FIGURE 13.—Vicia floridana S. Wats.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3348, Taylor Co

Fla. (NA, US).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 19

Vicia gigantea Hook.

Seed spherical to subspherical; smooth; ocher

to reddish ocher, moderately to densely mottled

and pointed with darker brown, occasionally

markings so dense as to appear monochrome

dark brown, or some seeds monochrome light,

bright reddish brown; medium to large;

6.4X6.3X5.2 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

color of hilum; without halo; circumlinear; over

10 times longer than wide; occupying 75 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat, small; raised center 0.5 mm. from hilum.

Legume blackish brown to black; glabrous;

inconspicuously reticulate; 30-40x10-11 mm.;

terete; oblong; obliquely acuminate at both

ends; stipe 4 mm.; four to seven ovules; inner

valve surface smooth; twisting loosely, occasionally tightly, during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native from Sitka, Alaska, to San

Francisco Bay, Calif., along beaches, highways,

streams, and in thickets. Restricted to coast except for inland intrusion along Columbia River

and into Willamette Valley, Oreg. Vicia menziesii Sprengel, a close relative of V. gigantea,

is an extinct species from the high mountains of

Hawaii. The seeds of these two species are similar. For a detailed discussion of V. menziesii,

see Gunn {1970b). Sixteen samples studied.

Large Vetch

(Fig. 14)

B

BN-37046, EN-37045

FIGURE 14.—Vicia gigantea Hook.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. A, C. R. Gunn and C. E. Smith,

Jr., 3670, Clallam Co., Wasli. (NA, US) ; B, C. R.

Gunn and C. E. Smith, Jr., 3673, Grays Harbor Co.,

Wash. (NA, US).
20 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia grandiflora Scop. var. kitaibeliana W. Koch

Seed lenticular; smooth; bright straw monochrome, or bright straw, lightly to densely mottled and pointed with black, some seeds so

densely marked as to be blackish; medium;

3-4x3.2x2.3 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat, with funicular remnants remaining along margin as minute, white,

parallel fringes; lips of hilar groove color of

hilum; without halo; circumlinear; over 10

times longer than wide; occupying 75 percent

of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat to same color,

therefore almost invisible; raised center 0.5

mm. from hilum, occasionally confluent; large

saddle-shaped discolored area at other end of

hilum is not lens.

Legume black; puberulent with whitish to

golden hairs and nectariferous glands, giving

legumes dusty appearance; weakly reticulate;

35-50x6-8 mm.; flattened; oblong; obliquely

acuminate at both ends; stipe absent; 10-16

ovules; inner valve surface with poorly defined

fibrous cross-ribs; twisting tightly during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from eastern Europe and

Asia Minor. Naturalized along roadsides in

southeastern United States. Shinners (1956)

assigned all these naturalized plants to variety kitaibeliana on the basis of leaflet shape.

The seed and legume characters apply to the

species and the variety. Eight samples studied.

Bigflower Vetch

(Fig. 15)

*

•

BN-37055, BN-37056

FIGURE 15.—Vicia grandiflora Scop. var. kitaibeliana

W. Koch: A, Legumes and seeds; B, seeds. A,

C. R. Gunn 33il, Jasper Co., Ga. (NA, US); B,

seeds identified by comparison identification.
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 21

Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray

Seed subspherical to sphei'ical to sublenticular; smooth ; glossy, greenish straw to reddish

straw, lightly to densely mottled with dark

brown, some seeds nearly monochrome because

of dense mottling; seeds tending to become dull

reddish brown with age; small; 1.5-2.5 X

1.4-2.3x1.3-2.8 mm.

Hilum usually concealed by shiny, chocolatecolored funiculus attached at one end of hilum;

if exposed, hilum light to dark brown; lips of

hilar groove ocher; without halo; nearly linear

to slightly wedge shaped; six to nine times

longer than wide; occupying 14-21 percent of

seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; raised center

from 0.6 to 1 mm. from hilum.

Legume brown to blackish with greenish

cast; scabrous; obscurely reticulate; 6-lOx

3-4 mm.; flattened; oblong; obliquely shortacuminate to nearly rounded at both ends ; stipe

absent; two, rarely one or three, ovules; inner

valve surface smooth; twisting loosely to

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Europe. Naturalized through United States, Canada, and at

least northern Mexico, along roadsides and in

waste places. Thirty-three samples studied.

Tiny Vetch

(Fig. 16)

mm w"

^

"Biftiiiiiniii

ÉÉ

B

BN-37068, BN-3706T

FIGURE 16.—Vicia hirsuta (L.) S. F. Gray: A, Legumes

and seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 2693, Humboldt

Co., Calif. (ISC).
22 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia hugeri Small

Seed subspherical; smooth; monochrome

dark purplish; small; 2.4x2.4x2 (ca.) mm.

Hilum brown; lips of hilar groove may be

light brown; without halo; circumlinear ; over

10 times longer than wide; occupying 75 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; nearly confluent

with hilum; raised center 0.3 mm. or less from

hilum.

Legume light to dark brown; glabrous; punctate and weakly reticulate; 18-22x5 mm.; partially flattened; oblong; obliquely acuminate at

both ends; stipe 1.5 mm. long; four to eight

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of South Carolina, Georgia,

and Alabama. Rare in the Piedmont. Found in

open woods. Apparently closely related to V.

caroliniana, whose seeds cannot be distinguished from those of V. hugeri. Hermann

(1960, p. ^) keys out this species as a oneseeded annual species. The species is a perennial

with several seeds, four to eight ovules. The

taxonomic status of V. hugeri is under investigation. One sample studied.

Vetchling

(Fig. 17)

BN-37006

FIGURE 17.—Vicia hugeri Small: Legumes and seeds.

A. H. Curtiss 6781, De Kalb Co., Ga. (US). (Seeds

were flattened when pressed.)
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 23

Vicia humilis HBK. ^

Seed spherical to subspherical; smooth;

blackish gray to greenish ocher, densely mottled with black, nearly masking base color;

small; 2-2.3 mm. in all dimensions.

Hilum color of seedcoat; funicular remnants

usually adhering to surface and margin ; lips of

hilar groove color of hilum; without halo; oblong; four times longer than wide; occupying

30 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; raised center 0.5-

0.7 mm. from hilum.

Legume pale straw; glabrous; faintly reticulate and faintly punctate; 30-40x5-6 mm.;

nearly terete; linear-falcate; obliquely acuminate at both ends; stipe 1 mm.; seven to eight

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—^This is the most common and widespread native Mexican vetch found from Chihuahua and Tamaulipas south to Oaxaca and

Chiapas and into northern Guatemala. Usually

occurring above 2,000 meters, this species is

found in wet meadows, pine woods, and wooded

ravines. Five samples studied.

Low Vetch

(Fig. 18)

^ \

# .

BN-37058, BN-37057

FIGURE 18.—Vicia humilis HBK.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3668, greenhouse

plant (NA).
24 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia hybrida L.

Seed spherical to subspherical; smooth to

moderately rugose; rosy to almost orange,

prominently streaked and mottled with blackish

brown; medium; 4.5-5.5x4.8x4-5 mm.

Hilum often silvery because of funicular remnants, if remnants absent then color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove pale straw or color of

seedcoat especially when hilum is silvery ; without halo; slightly wedge shaped to oblong;

three times longer than wide; occupying 13 percent of seed circumference.

Lens blackish; on opposite side of seed from

center of hilum.

Legume straw colored; velutinous, usually

with pustulate hair bases; smooth to slightly

depressed between seeds; reticulate, pustules

may be present; 25-30x7-8 mm.; oblongrhomboidal; obliquely acuminate at both ends;

stipe 2 mm.; five to six ovules; inner valve

surface smooth; twisting tightly to loosely during dehiscence.

Notes.-—Introduced from Europe. Occasionally found in Oregon. In figure 19, B, the two

seeds on the top are smooth, whereas the four

seeds on the bottom are moderately rugose.

The single seed in the middle is a chimera. The

central light-colored band is nearly smooth, and

the area on either side is moderately rugose. All

seeds came from one sample. Nineteen samples

studied.

Hairy Yellow Vetch

(Fig. 19)

B

BN-37008, BN-37007

FIGURE 19.—Vicia hybrida L.: A, Legumes and seeds;

B, seeds. A, C. R. Gunn 3172, greenhouse plant

(NA) ; B, C. R. Gunn 3692, greenhouse plant (NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 25

Vicia lathyroides L.

Seed cuboidal; pusticulate; light to dark dull

straw, faintly mottled, darker than seedcoat;

small; 1.7x2x1-5 mm.

Hilum light brown to chocolate colored; lips

of hilar groove color of hilum; encompassed by

halo composed of light-brown to chocolatecolored pustules; elliptical; about two times

longer than wide; occupying from 6 to 9 percent

of seed circumference.

Lens center light brown to chocolate colored

surrounded by similarly colored pustules;

raised center 0.3-0.5 mm. from hilum; occasionally confluent with hilum.

Legume straw to brown to blackish; glabrous

or glabrate; reticulate and punctate; 15-30>

3-4 mm.; terete; linear-rhomboidal; obliquel;

acuminate at both ends, almost beaked at apex

stipe absent; six ovules; inner valve surface

with faint to moderately strong fibrous cross

ribs; twisting tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Sporadically adventive from Europ(

in sandy areas of eastern United States. Sevei

samples studied.

Spring Vetch

(Fig. 20)

#

ÊÊÊk "%'

am

B

BN-37024. BN-37023

FIGURE 20.—Vicia lathyroides L. : A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds, C. R. Gunn 3498, greenhouse

plant (NA).
26 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OP AGRICULTURE

Vicia leavenworthii Torr. & Gray

Seed subspherical; smooth; dull, greenishocher to reddish brown, mottled with darker

brown; small; 2.5X2.8X2.5 mm.

Hilum darker than seedcoat; lips of hilar

groove straw colored to color of hilum in dull

greenish-ocher seed, lips usually color of hilum

in darker seed; usually encompassed by yellowish to orange-yellow halo; slightly wedge

shaped; three to four times longer than wide;

occupying 19-21 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; raised center

about 0.6 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to dark brown to blackish

brown; glabrate to glabrous; punctate and obscurely reticulate; 20-25x5-7 mm.; flattened;

rhombic-oblong; obliquely acuminate at both

ends; stipe 1 mm.; three to eight ovules; inner

valve surface smooth; twisting tightly during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of Oklahoma and Texas, especially common in Edwards Plateau region of

Texas. The parameters of V. leavemvorthii and

V. ludoviciana are not clear. Each taxonomist

who has worked with these species has presented an original interpretation. The taxonomic status of these species is under investigation.

The seed characters of both are based on typical

specimens. Twelve samples studied.

Texas Vetch

(Fig. 21)

BN-S7021, BN-37022

FIGURE 21.—Vicia leavenworthii Torr. & Gray: A,

Legumes and seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3698,

greenhouse plant (NA, US).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 27

Vicia leucophaea Greene

Seed subspherical to squarish ; smooth ; monochrome dull dark brown or greenish ocher, mottled with dark brown; small; 2.6x2.4x2 mm.

Hilum brown; oblong; lips of hilar groove

color of hilum; without halo; six times longer

than wide; occupying 23 percent of seed circumference.

Lens black; raised center about 1 mm. from

hilum.

Legume straw to brown; appressed villous;

obscurely reticulate; 25-40x5 mm.; flattened;

lanceolate-oblong; obliquely acuminate at both

ends to almost beaked at both ends; stipe almost absent, less than 0.5 mm.; eight to 10

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native in mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and

northern Mexico. Twelve samples studied.

Mogollón Vetch

(Fig. 22)

BN-37018, BN-37017

FIGURE 22.—Vicia leucophaea Greene: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. G. Pringle 1593, Chihuahua,

Mexico (NY, US).
28 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEFT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia ludoviciana Nutt.

Seed spherical to subspherical; smooth; light

greenish ocher to reddish brown, mottled and

pointed with darker brown; small; 2 mm. in all

dimensions.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

usually pale straw; encompassed by light-brown

halo; oblong; five times longer than wide; occupying 30 percent of seed circumference.

Lens brown to blackish; raised center about

0.5 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to brown; glabrous; reticulate; 20-30x4-6 mm.; partially flattened to

nearly terete; rhombic-oblong; obliquely acuminate at both ends; stipe 1 mm.; four to seven

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—'Native of Texas and surrounding

States. The delimitation of V. ludoviciana and

V. leavenworthii is not clear. Each taxonomist

who has worked with these species has presented an original interpretation. The seed

characters of both species are based on typical

specimens. Twelve samples studied.

Deerpea Vetch

(Fig. 23)

B

BN-37019, BN-37020

FIGURE 23.—Vicia ludoviciana Nutt.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. R. Runyon 6015, Cameron Co.,

Tex. (NA, US).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OP NORTH AMERICA 29

Vicia lútea L.

Seed compressed-spherical; smooth; dull,

light ocher to light reddish brown, mottled and

pointed with light brown, dark brown, and

black; occasionally markings so dense as to appear monochrome blackish; medium to large;

5.5-6.5x5.5-6.2x4-4.6 mm.

Hilum silvery because of funicular remnants,

base black; lips of hilar groove essentially color

of hilum; without halo; oblong; five to six

times longer than broad, occupying 20-24 percent of seed circumference.

Lens blackish; on opposite side of seed from

center of hilum.

Legume straw to brown to blackish brown to

black; sericeous with hairs strongly pustulate

at bases; faintly reticulate and heavily pustulate; 25-30x7-10 mm.; partially flattened; oblong-rhombic; obliquely acuminate at each end

to almost beaked at apex; stipe 1.5-2 mm.; four

to five ovules; inner valve surface smooth;

twisting loosely during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Europe. Locally established in California. Eight samples studied.

Yellow Vetch

(Fig. 24)

^f

BN-37076, BN-37076

FIGURE 24.—Vicia lútea L.: A, Legumes and seeds; B,

seeds. C. R. Gunn 3181, greenhouse plant (NA).
30 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OP AGRICULTURE

Vicia minutiflora Dietr.

Seed subspherical to spherical; smooth; light,

bright reddish ocher, mottled with black to

obscurely mottled with color slightly darker

than base color; small; 2x2x1-5 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

light ocher; without halo; circumlinear; over 10

times longer than wide; occupying 75 percent of

seed circumference.

Lens darker red than seedcoat; raised center

about 0.4 mm. from hilum.

Legume straw to brown with greenish cast;

glabrate to glabrous; punctate; 20-39x4-5

mm.; flat; linear-falcate; obliquely acuminate

at both ends; stipe absent or nearly so; eight to

13 ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of Tennessee to Oklahoma

south to Florida and Texas. Found in woods,

thickets, and along riverbanks. Vicia reverchonii S. Wats., a close relative of V. minutiflora,

is an extinct species from the environs of Dallas, Tex., and Wewoka, Okla. The seeds of these

two species are similar. The legumes of V. reverchonii are pubescent when mature. The

status of V. reverchonii is under investigation.

Seventeen samples studied.

Tiny-Flowered Vetch

(Fig. 25)

BN-37041, BN-37042

FIGURE 25.—Vicia minutiflora Dietr.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. G. S. Goodman 5789, Marshall

Co., Okla. (OKL).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 31

Vicia inonantha Retz.

Seed subspherical to oval; smooth; light

greenish ocher, mottled with light and dark

brown, line of dark-brown mottles two-thirds

way around seed; occasionally seeds so densely

mottled as to appear dark brown or blackish;

medium; 4x4.3x3.4 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

light straw; without halo; slightly wedge

shaped; three times longer than wide; occupying 9 percent of seed circumference.

Lens black; raised center about 1.5 mm. from

hilum.

Legume straw colored; glabrous; reticulate

and slightly depressed between seeds;

35-45x12-20 mm.; flattened; oblong; apex

acuminate, base rounded; stipe 1.5 mm.; six

ovules; inner valve surface with faint (occasionally lacking) fibrous ribs, always with

prominent, discrete semilunate patches of fibers between each seed along sutures; twisting

loosely or tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from southern Europe

and, eastern Asia. Cultivated in southwestern

United States. Four samples studied.

Bard Vetch

(Fig. 26)

B

BN-37038, BN-37037

FIGURE 26.—Vicia monantha Retz.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3546, greenhouse

plant (NA).
32 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OP AGRICULTURE

Vicia narbonensis L.

Seed subspherical to spherical; smooth; dull

ocher, dull dark ocher, light-brown ocher,

brown, to dark reddish brown, faintly or obscurely mottled and pointed; large to medium;

3-10x3-10.5x3-8 mm.

Hilum darker than seedcoat, usually with

white hilar groove; lips of hilar groove color of

hilum; occasionally encompassed by blackish

halo; elliptical; 1.5-2.5 times longer than wide;

occupying about 12 percent of seed circumference.

Lens blackish; raised center from 1.3 to 3.5

mm. from hilum depending on seed size.

Legume straw to greenish to brownish black ;

glabrous; reticulate, knoblike processes widely

scattered to absent, sutures pectinate;

40-70x10-15 mm.; plump; linear-oblong; obliquely acuminate at both ends; stipe absent;

five to seven ovules; inner valve surface with

prominent fibrous ribs; twisting loosely during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from southern Europe.

Cultivated and adventive. The seeds of V. narbonensis ordinarily are about 10, 8, or 5 mm. in

diameter. The small seeds, about 3 mm. in

diameter, came from the Institute of Agricultural Research, Plant Introduction Service, Beit

Dagan, Israel. Plants from these small seeds

produced seeds 5 mm. or more in diameter when

grown in the Soil Conservation Service greenhouse. Twenty-six samples studied.

Narbonne Vetch

(Fig. 27)

H

• •

B

BN-3703B, BN-37036

FIGURE 27.—Vicia narbonensis L. : A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. A, C. R. Gunn 3160 seeds, twisted

legume 3484, and closed legumes 3489; greenhouse

plants (NA). B, C. R. Gunn 3528, 3514; 3484,

3484; 3610, 3160; 3485, 3485; greenhouse plants

(NA).
SEEDS OP NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 33

Vicia ocalensis Godfrey & Krai

Seed subspherical; smooth; dull ocher to reddish brown both with greenish cast, mottled

with darker brown; medium; 2.7x2.6x2.5 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

color of hilum; without halo; circumlinear; over

10 times longer than wide; occupying 75 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; nearly confluent

with hilum; raised center about 0.4 mm. from

hilum.

Legume straw with greenish cast to brownish black to blackish; glabrate to glabrous;

large punctations; 35-45x6-8 mm.; partially

flattened to terete; linear-oblong; obliquely acuminate at both ends; stipe 2 mm.; seven to 11

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of Lake Co. and Marion Co.,

Fla., in wet areas. Closely related to V. acutifolia and V. fioridana. One sample studied.

Ocala Vetch

(Fig. 28)

BN-37011, BN-37012

FIGURE 28.—Vicia ocalensis Godfrey & Krai: A, Legumes and seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3361, Lake

Co., Fla. (NA, US).
34 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia pannonica Crantz

Seed subpyramidal to compressed-spherical;

smooth; rosy brown, mottled and pointed with

brown and black; medium; 4.1x4.2x3.3 mm.

Hilum silvery because of funicular remnants ;

lips of hilar groove brown; without halo; oblong; three to five times longer than wide;

occupying 16 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; on opposite side

of seed from center of hilum.

Legume straw colored; sericeous; with numerous nectary glands and weakly reticulate;

20-30x7-10 mm.; flattened; oblong; obliquely

acuminate at both ends; stipe 2-3 mm.; four to

five ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting loosely during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from central Europe.

Cultivated and naturalized in Pacific Northwest. Five samples studied.

Hungarian Vetch

(Fig. 29)

= ÍM

B

BN-37033. BN-37034

TiGURE 29.—Vicia pannonica Crantz: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3165 and 3495, greenhouse plants (NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 35

Vicia pulchella HBK.

Seed subspherical; smooth; dark, dull reddish

brown, mottled with black; small; 2.5x2.4x2.2

mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

slightly lighter than hilum; without halo; oblong or tending in some samples to be wedge

shaped; six times longer than wide; occupying

26 percent of seed circumference.

Lens black; raised center about 0.7 mm. from

hilum.

Legume straw colored; glabrous; reticulate;

20-35x5-8 mm.; flattened; oblong to slightly

falcate; obliquely acuminate at both ends; stipe

1 mm.; five to seven ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Native of Arizona, New Mexico, and

Mexico. Grows in thickets, pine woods, open

stony hillsides, and moist meadows, especially in

the mountains (Transition Zone). Sixteen samples studied.

Showy Vetch

(Fig.30)

iM

BN-37040, BN-37039

FIGURE 30.—Vicia pulchella HBK.: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. Combination of C. G. Pringle

11970, Metepec, Mexico; G. B. F. Ownbey 2015,

Chihuahua, Mexico; C. H. Müller 3451, Chihuahua,

Mexico; and C. L. Lundell 5371, San Luis Potosí,

Mexico (MICH).
36 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia sativa L.

Seed rounded-rectangular (pillow shaped),

subspherical to spherical, sublenticular, lenticular, ovoidal, or cuboidal; smooth; dull pale

straw to dark greenish ocher to green, lightly to

intensely mottled and pointed with light brown

to dark brown; some seeds so densely mottled

as to appear monochrome dark brown to blackish; medium to large; 4.5-6x4.5-6x2.7-5 mm.

Hilum generally color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove usually strongly whitened except in

darker seeds; without halo; wedge shaped;

three to four times longer than wide; occupying

14-15 percent of seed circumference.

Lens usually blackish, brown to light straw in

seeds with lighter seedcoats; raised center usually 1 mm. from hilum, occasionally about 0.7

mm.

Legume light brown to straw; minutely

pubescent, puberulent, or pubescent; reticulate

and depressed between seeds; usually 40-80X

7-8 mm., rarely 25x5 mm.; terete to somewhat

compressed; apex oblique long acuminate (almost falcate), base rounded; stipe absent; 10

ovules ; inner valve surface strongly fibrous

ribbed; twisting loosely to tightly during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Eurasia. Cultivated

and escaped along roadsides throughout

United States. Frequent on west coast and rare

in southern United States and in northern Mexico. Seeds of this species are rather variable and

intergrade with seeds of V. angustifolia. Plants

of V. sativa and V. angustifolia are similar.

Seeds of cultivars of V. sativa are similar to

seeds of V. dasycarpa; however, plants are not

similar. Forty-seven samples studied.

Common Vetch

(Fig. 31)

I

V

íT

#

^W

l^^p

y

CI IBP*

B

BN-37031, BN-37032

FIGURE 31.—Vicia sativa L.: A, Legumes and seeds; B,

color range of seeds. A, C. R. Gunn 3174, greenhouse plant (NA). B, C. R. Gunn 3571, 3552,

3574; 3460, 3693, 3549; 3553, 3551, 3551; 3524,

3506, 3153; greenhouse plants (NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 37

Vicia sepium L.

Seed oblong to subspherical; smooth; ocher

to reddish ocher, hghtly to densely mottled and

pointed with chocolate color; medium; 3.5X

3.3x3 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

lighter than or color of hilum; encompassed by

lighter halo; circumlinear; over 10 times longer

than wide ; occupying 75 percent of seed circumference.

Lens confluent with hilum and only slightly

discolored, almost invisible on lightly mottled

seeds.

Legume black; glabrescent; punctate;

18-35x6-8 mm.; nearly terete; oblong; obliquely acuminate at both ends, almost beaked

at apex; stipe 1.5 mm.; five to six ovules; inner

valve surface smooth; twisting tightly during

dehiscence.

Notes.-—Introduced from Europe. Naturalized in old fields and along roadsides, Newfoundland to Ontario, south to New Brunswick

and northern New England. Nine samples

studied.

Hedge Vetch

(Fig. 32)

^ '

m

^

'.-%;.,

'^P^

B

BN-37014, BN-37013

FIGURE 32.—Vicia sepium L.: A, Legumes and seeds;

B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3659, field grown (NA).
38 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia tenuifolia Roth

Seed oblong to subspherical ; smooth; dark

greenish ocher, marked with small mottles and

points of slightly darker brown; medium;

3.3-4x2.5-3x2.3-2.6 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat; lips of hilar groove

lighter than or color of hilum; without halo;

oblong; four to five times longer than wide;

occupying 21-24 percent of seed circumference.

Lens blackish; flattened center from 0.7 to 1

mm. from hilum.

Legume glabrate to glabrous; reticulate and

punctate; 2.5-3.5x5-6 mm.; partially flattened; oblong; obliquely acuminate at both

ends; stipe 2 mm.; seven ovules; inner valve

surface smooth or with traces of fibrous crossribs near lower suture; twisting tightly during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Europe. Locally established on cultivated land. Nine samples

studied.

Bramble Vetch

(Fig. 33)

• •

B

BN-37030, BN-37029

FIGURE 33.—Vicia tenuifolia Roth: A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3662, greenhouse

plant (NA).
SEEDS OP NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 39

Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench

Seed spherical; smooth; light to dark greenish ocher, lightly to densely mottled and pointed

with darker brown; small ; 1.7Xl-6Xl-6 mm.

Hilum brown or ocher; lips of hilar groove

ocher; occasionally encompassed by ocher halo;

slightly wedge shaped; three times longer than

wide; occupying 13-21 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; about 0.4 mm.

from hilum.

Legume straw to dark brown; glabrous;

faintly reticulate; 10-15x3-5 mm.; flat; oblong; rounded at both ends; stipe 0.5-1 mm.;

usually four, but occasionally three to six,

ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting

tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Eurasia. Naturalized along roadsides and in fields and waste

places from Newfoundland to British Columbia,

south to Florida and California. Fifteen samples

studied.

Sparrow Vetch

(Fig. 34)

HI

WE jbib

B

BN-37027, BN-37028

FIGURE 34.—Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Moench: A, Legumes and seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3307, Jasper

Co., Ga. (NA, US).
40 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

Vicia unijuga A. Br.

Seed oblong to subspherical ; smooth; dull,

dark ocher, densely mottled and pointed with

blackish brown; medium; 3.4x2.7x2.5 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat or silvery because of

funicular remnants ; lips of hilar groove color of

hilum; without halo; oblong; five to seven

times longer than wide; occupying 27 percent of

seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; raised center 1.7

mm. from hilum.

Legume pale brown; glabrous; faintly reticulate; 18-28x5 mm.; elliptic-lanceolate; obliquely acuminate at both ends ; stipe 2 mm.;

five to six ovules; inner valve surface smooth;

twisting tightly during dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from eastern Asia.

Rarely found in United States. Four samples

studied.

Two-Leaflet Vetch

(Fig. 35)

B

BN-37026. BN-37025

FIGURE 35.—Vicia unijuga A. Br. : A, Legumes and

seeds; B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 3678, field plant

(NA).
SEEDS OF NATIVE AND NATURALIZED VETCHES OF NORTH AMERICA 41

Vicia villosa Roth

Seed spherical to nearly sublenticular ;

smooth; dull dark reddish brown to dull greenish brown, densely mottled and pointed with

blackish brown; medium; 3.5-4.9X3.4-4.9X

3.2-3.8 mm.

Hilum color of seedcoat or darker; lips of hilar groove essentially color of hilum; without

halo; oblong; three times longer than wide ; occupying 14 percent of seed circumference.

Lens darker than seedcoat; from 1 to 1.3 mm.

from hilum.

Legume dark to light straw color; glabrous;

reticulate and punctate; 20-35x7-10 mm.;

flattened; oblong; obliquely short acuminate at

both ends (occasionally almost rounded); stipe

2-3 mm.; four to five ovules; inner valve surface smooth; twisting tightly to loosely during

dehiscence.

Notes.—Introduced from Europe. Cultivated

and naturalized along roadsides and waste

places throughout United States and Canada. In

southern United States var. gktbrescens,

smooth hairy vetch, is rather common. In

northern United States and Canada var. villosa,

hairy, hairy vetch, is rather common. V. villosa

var. gktbrescens has seeds identical to those of

V. villosa var. villosa. The former variety is not

synonymous with V. dasycarpa. Seeds of V.

villosa are similar to those of V. dasycarpa.

Hillman (1933) illustrated the differences between seeds of V. villosa and V. dasycarpa.

Some taxonomists have combined these two

species based on plant characteristics. Forty

samples studied.

Hairy Vetch

(Fig. 36)

BN-37016, BN-37015

FIGURE 36.—Vicia villosa Roth: A, Legumes and seeds;

B, seeds. C. R. Gunn 2833, Story Co., Iowa

(ISC).
42 AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK 392, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE

LITERATURE CITED

AscHERSON, P., and GRAEBNER, P.

1909. SYNOPSIS DER MITTELEUROPAISCHEN FLORA.

V. 6 (2), 1,255 pp. W. Engelmann, Leipzig. [In German.]

BALL, P. W.

1968. VICIA L. In Tutin, T. G., et al.. Flora

Europaea. V. 2, pp. 129-136. Cambridge, England.

BROUWER, W., and STAHLIN, A.

1955. HANDBUCH DER SAMENKUNDE. 656 pp.

DLG-Verlags-GmbH., Frankfurt. [In German.]

FEDTSCHENKO, B. A.

1948. VICIA. In Komarov, V. L., Flora U.S.S.R.

V. 13, pp. 406-475. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.,

Moscow. [In Russian.]

GAMS, H.

1924.

GUINEA, E.

1953.

VICIA. In Hegi, G., Illustrierte Flora von

Mittel-Europa. V. 4 (3), pp. 1506-1562.

J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, München. [In

German.]

ESTUDIO BOTáNICO DE LAS VEZAS Y ARVEJAS

ESPAÑOLAS (MONOGRAFíA DEL GENERA VICIA

L. EN ESPAÑA). 227 pp. Tipographia

Artística, Madrid. [In Spanish.]

GUNN, C. R.

1968. THE VICIA AMERICANA COMPLEX (LEGUMINOSAE). Iowa State Jour. Sei. 42 (3) : 171-

214.

1970a. A KEY AND DIAGRAMS FOR THE SEEDS OF ONE

HUNDRED SPECIES OF VICIA (LEGUMINOSAS).

Internati. Seed Testing Assoc. Proc. 35:

773-790.

1970b. VICIA MENZIESII SPRENGEL. In Degener,

0., Flora Hawaiiensis, Sup. n.p. Oahu,

Hawaii.

HERMANN, F. J.

1960. VETCHES OF THE UNITED STATES—NATIVE,

NATURALIZED, AND CULTIVATED. U.S. Dept.

Agr. Agr. Handb. 168, 84 pp.

HILLMAN, F. H.

1933. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERS OF SEEDS OF

VICIA VILLOSA AND VICIA DASYCARPA. 3 pp.

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IANNELLI, P.

1964. VARIETY TESTING OF VETCHES. Internatl.

Seed Testing Assoc. Proc. 29 (4) : 887-907.

JUSTICE, O. L.

1952. TESTING AGRICULTURAL AND VEGETABLE

SEEDS. U.S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Handb. 30,

440 pp.

KORSMO, E.

1935.

KOSTRAKIEWICZ, K.

1951. STUDIA SYSTEMATYCZNE NAD POLSKIMI

GATUNKAMi RÖDZAJU VICIA L. Polska Akad.

Umiej., Doc. Physiographica Polon. 27:

1-71. [In Polish. Latin summary.]

MusiL, A. F.

1963. IDENTIFICATION OF CROP AND WEED SEEDS.

U.S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Handb. 219, 171 pp.

PlERPOINT, M.

1949. CERTAIN VETCHES AND SIMILAR PLANTS.

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PiTOT, A.

1936. ISOLEMENT ET CHUTE DE LA GRAINE CHEZ

LES LEGUMINEUSES. Soc. Bot. France Bul.

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QUARTLEY, C. E.

1968a. IDENTIFICATION OF VICIA SPP. Internatl.

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1968b

SHINNERS,

1956.

SWEDERSKI

1924.

TUPIKOVA,

1926,

UTKIN, W

1965.

VODAK, A.

1956.

WiTTMACK,

1922.

. KEY TO 7 SPECIES OF VICIA AND LATHYRUS.

Internatl. Seed Testing Assoc. Proc. 33

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L. H.

VICIA GRANDIFLORA VAR. KITAIBELIANA IN

SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. Castanea

21 (4) : 151-152.

, W.

SUR LA DETERMINATION DES GRAINES DES

ESPECES DE VICIA L. D'APRES LA GRANDEUR

DE L'HILE. ROCZ. Nauk Rolnicz. i Lésnych

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A.

BOTANICO-AGRONOMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF

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W.

SEEDS OF WILD VETCHES FROM THE CRIMEA.

Nauch. Dok. Vysshei Shkoly Biol. Nauk.

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SEMENA NEBO PLODY NASICH KULTURNICH

ROSTLIN A NEJCASTEJSICH PLEVELU. 241

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[In Czechoslovakian.]

L.

LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHE SAMENKUNDE. 581

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ZERTOVA, A.

1962.

WEED SEEDS. 175 pp. Gyldendal Norsk

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EIN SCHUSSEL ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER

TSCHECHOSLOWAKISCHEN ARTEN DER GATTUNG VICIA L. NACH DEN MORPHOLOGISCHEN

MARKMALEN DER SAMEN. Acta Hort. Bot.

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iXV.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1971