2007 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 8-7-2007 

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A ppel l ant v. J O SE PH SM I T H , W ar den O n A p p ea l from the U n it ed S tat es D istri ct C o u rt f o r th e M id d le D istric t o f P e n n sy lv a n ia D . C . C i vi l A ct i on N o. 05- cv- 1837 ( H onor abl e A . R i char d C aput o) Subm i tt ed Pur s uantt o T hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1( a)

J ul y24, 2007 B efor e: SC I R I C A , C hi ef J udge, FU E N T E S and SM I T H , C i r cui tJ udges ( Fi l ed A ugus t7, 2007 ) OPI NI ON O F THE COURT P E R C U R I A M. E var i s tus M acke y , an i nm at e atthe U ni t ed St at es Peni t ent i ary( U SP) i n B rucet on M i l l s , W es tV i r gi ni a ( U SP-H azl et on) , appea l s the di s m i s s al of hi s ci vi l r i ght s compl ai ntA t th e tim e h e f iled h is c o m p lain t, M a c k e yw a s a n in m a te a t U S P -L e w isb u rg in 1 Penns y l vani a. Bi ve ns v. Si x Unkno w n Named Age nt s of the Fe de r a l Bur e a u o f Nar c ot i c s , 40 3 U. S. 2 3 8 8 (19 7 1 ). A lth o u g h M ac k eyti tl ed h is co m p lai n t as arisi n g u n d er the F ed era l E m p loy er’s 3 L i abi l i tyA ct( FE L A ) , the FE L A cr eat es a ca us e of a ct i on fort or tcl ai m s byi nj ur ed r ai l w ayw or ker s and i s i nappl i cabl e her e. See 45 U . S. C . § 51. 2 bythe U ni t ed St at es D i s tr i ctC our tforthe M i ddl e D i s tr i ctof Penns y l vani a. Forthe 1 re a s o n s b e lo w , w e w ill a f f ir m th e D is tr ic t C o u rt ’s ju d g m e n t. I n Sept ember2005, M acke yfi l ed a pr o s e B i vens compl ai nt , al l egi ng thathe w as 2 b e in g p u n ish e d a t U S P -L e w isb u rg f o r a n “ in c id e n t o n 1 0 -9 -0 3 ” th a t o c c u rre d w h ile M acke yw as an i nm at e atU SP-Pol l ock, and thatthe puni s hm entw as exce s s i ve. M acke y 3 pr ot es t ed hi s pl ace m enti n the Speci al H ous i ng U ni t( SH U ) and the Speci al M anage m ent U ni tPr ogr am (SM U ) atU SP-Lew i s bur g; he s oughta tr ans fert o anotheri ns t i tut i on, m o n e ta ry d a m a g e s , a n d a n yo th e r a p p ro p ri a te re lie f. Th e Di s tr i c tCo u r tg r a n t e d M a c k e y ’ s a p p l i c a t i o n f o rl e a v e t o p r o c e e d i n f o r ma pauper i s and di s m i s s ed the compl ai ntforfai l ur e t o s t at e a c l ai m forr el i ef. T he D i s tr i ct C our tdet erm i ned thatM acke yw as notbei ng puni s hed exc es s i vel ybeca us e hi s pl ace m ent i n th e S H U w a s d u e t o a 2 0 0 5 m i s c o n d u c ta n d h i s r e f u s a l t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n th e S MU pr ogr am, r atherthan the “i nci denton 10- 9- 03. ” Thi s concl us i on w as bas ed upon an e x h ib it a tta c h e d to th e c o m p la in t, w h ic h c o n tr a d ic te d a lle g a tio n s m a d e in th e c o m p la in t. T he exhi bi t , a l ett erfr om N at i onal A ppeal s A dm i ni s tr at orH arr el l W att s , s t at es that3

M ac k ey ’s l ast i n cide n t of m isco n d u ct oc cu rred o n Ju n e 3 0 , 2 0 0 5 , an d that M ac k ey ’s r e fu s a l t o p a r t i c i pa t e i n the SM U pr og r a m w a rr a nt e d h i s pl a c e menti n the SH U a tU SPL e w is b u rg . M a c k e ytim e lya p p e a led f ro m th e D istric t C o u rt’s o rd e r. W e h a v e a p p e llate j ur i s di ct i on pur s uantt o 28 U . S. C . § 1291. O urs t andar d of r evi ew i s pl enary . See T o u rs c h e r v . M c C u llo u g h , 1 8 4 F .3 d 2 3 6 , 2 4 0 (3 d C ir . 1 9 9 9 ). M acke yar gues thathi s pl ace m enti n the SM U pr ogr am atU SP-Lew i s bur g vi ol at ed his con st i tuti on al ri gh t s. A s w e hav e exp l ai ned , a prot ect ed li bertyi nter estcan ari se ei therfr om the D ue Pr oces s C l aus e i t s el f orfr om s t at e l aw . A s qui th v. D epart m entof C orr ect i ons , 186 F. 3d 407, 409 ( 3d C i r . 1999) . N o l i bertyi nt er es tar i s i ng fr om the D ue Pr oces s C l aus e i s i m pl i cat ed her e bec aus e the condi t i ons of conf i nementt o w hi ch M ackeyw as subj ect ed w ere w i thin the sentence i m po sed up on him and did not otherw i se v iolate th e C o n sti tuti o n . S ee F raise v . T erh u n e, 28 3 F . 3 d 5 0 6 , 5 2 2 (3d C ir . 2 0 0 2 ). T h e q u e stio n th e n is w h e th e r M a c k e yw a s d e p riv e d o f a n ysta te- c re a ted lib e rty i nt er es t . T o i m pl i cat e s uch an i nt er es t , a pl ace m enti n r es tr i ct ed hous i ng m us ti m pos e an “atypi cal and s i gni fi canthar ds hi p on the i nm at e i n r el at i on t o the or di naryi nci dent s of pr i s on l i fe. ” Sandi n v. C onner , 515 U . S. 472, 484 ( 1995) . Pl ace m enti n a r es tr i ct ed h o u sin g p ro g ra m w ill n o t b e c o n sid e re d a n a typ ica l an d sig n if ica n t h a rd sh ip if

it i s w h a t a pr i s oner“mayr eas onabl yexpec tt o encount eras a r es ul tof hi s orherconvi ct i on. ” A s qui th v. D ep’ tof C orr ect i ons , 186 F. 3d 407, 412 ( 3d C i r . 1999) . M acke ycont ends t hatA s d e sc rib e d in th e f irst e x h ib it t o A p p e llan t’s c o m p lain t, an d c lar if ied b yA p p e llee in 4 his bri ef, the S M U program i s desi gn ed to t each inm at es sel f-di sci pli ne an d social values, and t o fac i l i t at e thei rabi l i tyt o co- exi s tw i th otheri nm at es . A n i nm at e w ho fol l ow s the p ro g ra m w ill c o m p lete it i n tw e lv e to e ig h tee n m o n th s. P ro g re ss in th e p ro g ra m re su lts in a d ec rea se in restri cti o n s an d , u lt im ately , a re turn to the g en era l po p u lat ion . A n inm ate’s fai l ur e t o compl yw i th the pr ogr am re s ul t s i n gr eat err es tr i ct i ons and i ncr eas ed dur at i on of th e p ro g ra m . 4 he w as pl ace d i n t he SM U fr om M ay17, 2004, t o O ct ober3, 2005. See A ppel l ant ’ s B r . at 2. I nm at es i n the pr ogr am ar e r es tr i ct ed t o fi ve hour s of r ecr eat i on perw eek, thr ee s how er s perw eek, and one t el ephone c al l i n a thi r ty - dayper i od. See A ppel l ee’ s B r . at8. 4 T hes e condi t i ons do noti m pos e an a typi cal and s i gni fi canthar ds hi p i n r el at i on t o the o rd in a ryin c id e n ts o f

p riso n life , an d M a c k e yh a s n o t b e e n d e p riv e d o f a p ro tec ted lib e rty interest byh is place m en t i n the S M U p rog ram . S ee F raise, 28 3 F . 3 d at 52 2 -23 (prison er’s p lace m en t i n sp ec ial m an ag em en t un itd id n o t i m p o se a typ ical an d sign ifi ca n t hard sh ip). M ac k ey ’s plac em en t i n the S H U at U S P -L ew isbu rg a lso w as w ith in “th e o rdin ary i nci dent s of pr i s on l i fe” and thus di d notvi ol at e hi s cons t i tut i onal r i ght s . See Torr es v. Fauver , 292 F. 3d 141, 150- 51 ( 3d C i r . 2002) ; G r i ffi n v. V aughn, 112 F. 2d 703, 706- 08 (3d C ir . 1 9 9 7 ). M ac k ey ’s refu sal t o p arti cipa te i n the S M U p rog ram at U S P -L ew isbu rg re s u lte d in h is re c e iv in g in c id e n t r e p o rt s w h ic h , in tu rn , c a u s e d h is p la c e m e n t in th e S H U . A lth o u g h M a c k e yc o n ten d s th a t h e w a s b e in g p u n ish e d f o r a n in c id e n t th a t o c c u rre d in 2003 atU SP-Pol l ock, document s thatM acke ys ubm i t t ed t o the D i s tr i ctC our ts how that M acke y ’ s r efus al t o part i ci pat e i n t he SM U pr ogr am and hi s l at es tm i s conduct , w hi ch o c c u rr e d in J u n e 2 0 0 5 , le d to h is p la c e m e n t in th e S H U .5

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