U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5010

Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan 

and Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic 

Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan 

Basin, China (based on geologic studies for the 

2000 World Energy Assessment Project of the 

U.S. Geological Survey)

Anhui

Jiangsu

Shandong

Henan

Hubei

Shanxi

Hebei

Liaoning

North

Korea

Nei Mongol

Jilin

Heilongjiang

Mongolia

Bohaiwan

Basin

Beijing

Shanghai

114° 122°

46°

38°

Bohai

Bay

Korea

Bay

Yellow

Sea

Liao He

Huang He

0 200 MI

0 200 KM

Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan 

and Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic 

Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan 

Basin, China (based on geologic studies for the 

2000 World Energy Assessment Project of the 

U.S. Geological Survey)

By Robert T. Ryder, Jin Qiang, Peter J. McCabe, Vito F. Nuccio, and Felix Persits

Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5010

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

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reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Ryder, R.T., Qiang, Jin, McCabe, P.J., Nuccio, V.F., and Persits, Felix, 2012, Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan 

and Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China (based on geologic 

studies for the 2000 World Energy Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5010, 89 p.

On the cover: Bohaiwan basin (outlined in red) in a regional setting. From Allen and others (1997).
iii

Contents

Foreword .........................................................................................................................................................1

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................................2

Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................2

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................2

Province Geology...........................................................................................................................................7

Geographic Setting...............................................................................................................................7

Stratigraphic Setting ............................................................................................................................7

Tectonic Setting ....................................................................................................................................9

Exploration History as of June 2001..........................................................................................................11

Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701).......................................12

Petroleum Occurrence ......................................................................................................................12

Source Rocks.......................................................................................................................................14

Introduction.................................................................................................................................14

Stratigraphic Units.....................................................................................................................14

Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation ............................................................................14

Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation ............................................................................16

Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation ............................................................................16

Member 2 of the Kongdian Formation...........................................................................16

Member 3 of the Dongying Formation...........................................................................16

Geochemical Characteristics ..................................................................................................16

Source Rocks in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation..............................................16

Oil-Source Rock Correlations .........................................................................................16

Natural Gases....................................................................................................................18

Pods of Thermally Mature Source Rock................................................................................18

Burial History, Hydrocarbon Generation, and Migration .............................................................18

Burial History and Hydrocarbon Generation.........................................................................18

Migration.....................................................................................................................................21

Overburden Rocks ..............................................................................................................................21

Shahejie Formation Overburden .............................................................................................21

Dongying Formation Overburden ............................................................................................21

Regional Post-Paleogene Uplift and Guantao Formation Overburden .............................22

Trap Styles for Oil and Gas Fields.....................................................................................................22

Structural Traps..........................................................................................................................22

Stratigraphic Traps ....................................................................................................................22

Reservoir Rocks ..................................................................................................................................26

Sandstone Reservoirs...............................................................................................................26

Jiyang Subbasin................................................................................................................26

Liaohe Subbasin................................................................................................................26

Jizhong Subbasin..............................................................................................................26

Huanghua Subbasin .........................................................................................................26

Linqing/Dongpu Subbasin ...............................................................................................27

Bozhong Subbasin............................................................................................................27
iv

Carbonate and Crystalline Basement Reservoirs ................................................................27

Liaohe Subbasin................................................................................................................27

Jizhong Subbasin..............................................................................................................27

Seal Rocks............................................................................................................................................27

Assessment Units ...............................................................................................................................28

Tertiary Lacustrine Assessment Unit......................................................................................28

Pre-Tertiary Buried Hills Assessment Unit............................................................................28

Potential Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources as of June 2001......................................31

Onshore ..............................................................................................................................31

Offshore..............................................................................................................................31

Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (312702).......................................31

Petroleum Occurrence ......................................................................................................................31

Source Rocks.......................................................................................................................................33

Geochemical Characteristics ..................................................................................................33

Carboniferous and Permian Coal Beds.........................................................................33

Natural Gases....................................................................................................................33

Pods of Thermally Mature Source Rock................................................................................33

Burial History and Hydrocarbon Generation..................................................................................33

Overburden Rocks ..............................................................................................................................33

Shihezi and Shiqianfeng Formations Overburden................................................................35

Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Overburden.......................................................................35

Kongdian Formation Overburden ............................................................................................35

Shahejie Formation Overburden .............................................................................................35

Trap Styles for Gas Fields ..................................................................................................................35

Reservoir Rocks ..................................................................................................................................35

Sandstone Reservoirs...............................................................................................................35

Coal Bed Reservoirs..................................................................................................................37

Seal Rocks............................................................................................................................................37

Assessment Unit .................................................................................................................................37

Summary........................................................................................................................................................37

References Cited..........................................................................................................................................38

Figures

1. Maps showing oil and gas fields, structural domains, structural depressions, 

and uplifts in the Bohaiwan basin..............................................................................................3

2. Cross section through the Jizhong, Huanghua, and Jiyang subbasins...............................4

3. Cross section through the Bozhong subbasin.........................................................................6

4. Stratigraphy of the subbasins in the Bohaiwan basin............................................................8

5. Tectonic map of the Bohaiwan basin in a regional setting .................................................10

6. Map of the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System 

showing pods of mature source rock and oil and gas fields...............................................13

7. Events chart for the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum 

System..........................................................................................................................................15
v

8. Map showing the distribution of the total organic carbon in the Shahejie 

Member 3 source rocks, Jiyang subbasin .............................................................................17

9. Burial history and hydrocarbon generation model for the Shahejie–

Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, Jiyang subbasin........................19

10. Burial history and hydrocarbon generation model for the Shahejie–

Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, Bozhong subbasin ....................20

11. Structure contour map and cross section of the western part of the Shengtuo 

oil field, Jiyang subbasin ...........................................................................................................23

12. Structure contour map and cross section of the Chengdong oil field, 

Jiyang subbasin ..........................................................................................................................24

13. Structure contour map and cross section of the Renqiu oil field, 

Jizhong subbasin ........................................................................................................................25

14. Map showing the area of the Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit of the 

Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System .....................................29

15. Map showing the area of the pre-Tertiary buried hills assessment unit of the 

Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System .....................................30

16. Partial stratigraphic column for the Bohaiwan basin showing the essential 

elements of the Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System.........32

17. Map of the Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System 

showing pods of mature source rock and the coal-sourced gas assessment unit ........34

18. Events chart for the Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum 

System..........................................................................................................................................36

Tables

[Tables 1–15 follow References Cited]

1–6. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields 

in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, 

Bohaiwan basin

1. Jiyang subbasin .................................................................................................................44

2. Liaohe subbasin .................................................................................................................50

3. Jizhong subbasin ...............................................................................................................55

4. Huanghua subbasin...........................................................................................................59

5. Linqing/Dongpu subbasin.................................................................................................62

6. Bozhong subbasin .............................................................................................................64

7. Selected geochemical properties of source rocks in Member 3 of the 

Shahejie Formation.....................................................................................................................65

8. Stratigraphic, geochemical, and thermal maturation data used to construct the 

burial history and hydrocarbon generation model for the Jiyang subbasin.....................66

9. Stratigraphic, geochemical, and thermal maturation data used to construct the 

burial history and hydrocarbon generation model for the Bozhong subbasin.................67

10–15. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie−

Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, Bohaiwan basin

10. Jiyang subbasin .................................................................................................................68

11. Liaohe subbasin .................................................................................................................75
vi

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain

Length

millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.)

meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft) 

kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)

Area

square kilometer (km2) 0.3861 square mile (mi2)

Volume

cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter (m3) 

barrel (bbl) (petroleum, 

1 barrel = 42 gal)

0.1590 cubic meter (m3) 

gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m3) 

cubic meter (m3) 35.31 cubic foot (ft3)

cubic meter (m3) 6.290 barrel (bbl) (petroleum, 

1 barrel = 42 gal)

cubic meter (m3) 264.2 gallon (gal) 

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: 

°F=(1.8×°C)+32

12. Jizhong subbasin ...............................................................................................................80

13. Huanghua subbasin...........................................................................................................84

14. Linqing/Dongpu subbasin.................................................................................................87

15. Bozhong subbasin .............................................................................................................89
vii

Letter Symbols for Units of Measure

BBO billion barrels of oil (bbl × 109)

BBOE billion barrels of oil equivalent

BOE barrel of oil equivalent

TCFG trillion cubic feet of gas

T metric ton

Definitions

Thousand =103

Million =106

Billion =109

Trillion =1012

1 BOE =1 barrel of crude oil (42 gallons)

 =6,000 cubic feet of natural gas

 =1.5 barrels of natural gas liquids

Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan and 

Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum 

Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China (based on geologic 

studies for the 2000 World Energy Assessment Project of 

the U.S. Geological Survey)

By Robert T. Ryder, Jin Qiang, Peter J. McCabe, Vito F. Nuccio, and Felix Persits

Foreword

This report was prepared as part of the 2000 World 

Energy Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey 

(USGS). For this project, the world was divided into 8 regions 

and 937 geological provinces. The provinces were then ranked 

according to the discovered oil and gas volumes within each 

(Klett and others, 1997). Then, 76 “priority” provinces (exclusive of the United States and chosen for their high ranking) 

and 52 “boutique” provinces (exclusive of the United States 

and chosen for their anticipated petroleum richness or special 

regional economic importance) were selected for appraisal of 

oil and gas resources. The petroleum geology of these priority 

and boutique provinces is described in this series of reports.

The purpose of this effort is to aid in assessing the 

quantities of oil, gas, and natural gas liquids that have the 

potential to be added to reserves within the next 30 years. 

These volumes either reside in undiscovered fields whose 

sizes exceed the stated minimum-field-size cutoff value for the 

assessment unit (variable, but must be at least 1 million barrels 

of oil equivalent) or occur as reserve growth of fields already 

discovered.

The total petroleum system, which constitutes the basic 

geologic unit of the oil and gas assessment, includes all genetically related petroleum that occurs in shows and accumulations (discovered and undiscovered) that (1) have been generated by a pod or closely related pods of mature source rock 

and (2) exist within a limited mappable geologic space, alone 

with the essential mappable geologic elements (source, reservoir, seal, and overburden rocks) that control the fundamental 

processes of generation, expulsion, migration, entrapment, and 

preservation of petroleum. The minimum petroleum system is 

that part of a total petroleum system encompassing discovered 

shows and accumulations together with the geologic space 

in which the various essential elements have been proved by 

these discoveries.

An assessment unit is a mappable part of the total petroleum system in which discovered and undiscovered fields 

constitute a single, relatively homogeneous population such 

that the chosen methodology of resource assessment based on 

estimation of the number and sizes of undiscovered fields is 

applicable. A total petroleum system may equate to a single 

assessment unit. If necessary, a total petroleum system may be 

subdivided into two or more assessment units if each assessment unit is sufficiently homogeneous in terms of geology, 

exploration considerations, and risk to assess individually.

A graphical depiction of the elements of a total petroleum 

system is provided in the form of an events chart that shows 

the times of (1) deposition of essential rock units; (2) trap 

formation; (3) generation, migration, and accumulation of 

hydrocarbons; and (4) preservation of hydrocarbons.

A numeric code identifies each region, province, total 

petroleum system, and assessment unit; these codes are uniform throughout the project and will identify the same type of 

entity in any of the publications. The code is as follows:

Example

Region, single digit 3

Province, three digits to the right of region code 3127

Total petroleum system, two digits to the right 

of province code 312701

Assessment unit, two digits to the right of 

petroleum system code 31270101

The codes for the regions and provinces are listed in Klett 

and others (1997).

Oil and gas reserves quoted in this report are derived 

from Petroconsultants’ Petroleum Exploration and Production 

database (Petroconsultants, 1996) and other area reports from 

Petroconsultants, Inc., unless otherwise noted.

Figures in this report that show boundaries of the total 

petroleum system(s), assessment units, and pods of active 
2 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

source rocks were compiled by using geographic information 

system (GIS) software. Political boundaries and cartographic 

representations were taken, with permission, from the ESRI 

(Environmental Systems Research Institute) (1992) ArcWorld 

1:3 million digital coverage; they have no political significance and are displayed for general reference only. Oil and gas 

field centerpoints, shown in these figures, are reproduced, with 

permission, from Petroconsultants (1996).

Abstract

This report discusses the geologic framework and petroleum geology used to assess undiscovered petroleum resources 

in the Bohaiwan basin province for the 2000 World Energy 

Assessment Project of the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S. Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team, 2000). The 

report also refers to several later papers (published between 

2001 and 2004) that offer additional perspectives.

Two total petroleum systems have been identified in 

the Bohaiwan basin of northeastern China. The Shahejie−

Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, the 

major total petroleum system in the basin, involves oil and 

gas generated from mature pods of lacustrine source rock. In 

general, the mature pods of source rock are associated with 

six major rift-controlled subbasins that from northeast to 

southwest are named as follows: (1) Liaohe, (2) Bozhong, (3) 

Huanghua, (4) Jiyang, (5) Jizhong, and (6) Linqing/Dongpu. 

The entire Bozhong subbasin and parts of the Huanghua and 

Liaohe subbasins are located in Bohai Bay. The term Bohai 

Bay as used in this report follows the usage of Hu and others 

(1989) and Hu and Krylov (1996). The primary source rock 

of the total petroleum system is Member 3 of the Eocene 

and Oligocene Shahejie Formation, and secondary source 

rocks are Member 2 of the Paleocene and Eocene Kongdian 

Formation, Members 4 and 1 of the Shahejie Formation, and 

Member 3 of the Dongying Formation. The majority of the 

oil and gas fields in the Bohaiwan basin are closely associated with the six subbasins and their mature source rock pods. 

The most productive sandstone reservoirs in the Bohaiwan 

basin are located in the Shahejie Formation (Members 1−4), 

Oligocene Dongying Formation (largely Members 2 and 3), 

and Miocene Guantao Formation. Also, the Bohaiwan basin 

has very productive carbonate reservoirs such as the Middle 

Proterozoic Wumishan Formation, Cambrian Fujunshan and 

Mentou Formations, and Ordovician Fengfeng and Majiagou 

Formations. Locally, Archean crystalline basement rocks are 

important oil reservoirs. Most oil and gas generated from 

the Shahejie and Kongdian Formations are trapped in large 

faulted roll-over anticlines, compaction (drape) anticlines, and 

tilted fault blocks (buried hills). Subtle traps consist of faulted 

anticlinal noses that may be associated with facies-change, 

unconformity, or diagenetic stratigraphic traps.

Two assessment units are defined in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System: (1) a Tertiary 

lacustrine assessment unit consisting of sandstone reservoirs 

interbedded with lacustrine shale source rocks and (2) a preTertiary buried hills assessment unit consisting of carbonate 

reservoirs that are overlain unconformably by lacustrine shale 

source rocks.

The second total petroleum system identified in the 

Bohaiwan basin is the Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System, a hypothetical total petroleum 

system involving natural gas generated from multiple pods 

of thermally mature coal beds in five of the six subbasins. 

Low-permeability sandstone in the Lower Permian Shanxi 

and Shihezi Formations and possibly Carboniferous coal beds 

are the reservoir rocks. Most of the natural gas is inferred to 

be trapped in continuous accumulations near the center of the 

subbasins. This total petroleum system is largely unexplored 

and has good potential for undiscovered gas accumulations. 

One assessment unit, coal-sourced gas, is defined in this total 

petroleum system.

Acknowledgments

Cumulative production and selected characteristics of oil 

and gas fields used in this report were obtained from unpublished Bohaiwan basin oil- and gas-field data (oil industry 

compilations, unpub. data, 1996). Moreover, English translations of the following volumes contained many fundamental facts and interpretations used in this report: (1) Shengli 

oil field (Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the 

Shengli Oil Field, 1987) (hereinafter referred to as ECPG−

Shengli, 1987); (2) Liaohe oil fields (Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields, 1989) 

(hereinafter referred to as Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989); (3) 

Huabei oil field (Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Huabei Oil Field, 1987) (hereinafter referred to as 

ECPG−Huabei, 1987); (4) Dagang oil field (Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Dagang Oil Field, 1987) 

(hereinafter referred to as ECPG−Dagang, 1987); and (5) Oiland gas-bearing areas on the continental shelf and its neighboring regions, part I, offshore Bohai (Editorial Committee 

of Petroleum Geology of Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas on the 

Continental Shelf and its Neighboring Regions, 1987) (hereinafter referred to as ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987).

Eric Morrissey, USGS (Reston, Va.), drafted and (or) 

revised all the figures used in the report except figure 2, which 

was drafted by Susan Walden, USGS (Denver, Colo.).

Introduction

The Bohaiwan basin (3127; USGS World Energy Assessment Project numeric code) in northeastern China is the 

largest petroleum-producing region in China (Klett and others, 

1997). The basin consists of six rift-controlled subbasins 

(Liaohe, Bozhong, Huanghua, Jiyang, Jizhong, and Linqing/
Introduction 3

Dongpu1), all of which produce oil and gas (fig. 1A,B). These 

subbasins and several adjoining uplifts in the Bohaiwan basin 

are shown along with locations of oil and gas fields in figure 1. 

The general structural styles of the subbasins and adjoining 

1

The Linqing subbasin at the south end of the Bohaiwan basin consists of 

the Dongpu, Guanxian, Quixian, and Xinxian depressions and the Tangyin 

graben (figs. 1A,B). For discussion purposes, the Linqing subbasin and the oiland gas-bearing Dongpu depression are combined in this study and called the 

Linqing/Dongpu subbasin.

uplifts in the Bohaiwan basin are shown on the geologic cross 

sections in figures 2 and 3. In addition, more than 50 smaller 

structural depressions (sags), commonly flanked by tilted 

fault-block uplifts (buried hills), are recognized throughout the 

basin (Chang, 1991; Allen and others, 1997).

Oil was first discovered in the Jiyang subbasin in 1961 at 

the giant Dongxin field. This field and approximately 72 additional fields subsequently discovered in the Jiyang subbasin 

constitute the large Shengli producing complex (Scott, 1990) 

(fig. 1A). In the early 1980s, exploration began in earnest in 

Figure 1. Maps of the Bohaiwan basin showing (A) selected oil and gas fields and structural domains and (B) structural depressions 

and uplifts. Figure 1A is from Hu and Krylov (1996). Figure 1B is from Chang (1991, fig. 1, p. 99) and Allen and others (1997, fig. 3, p. 954) 

and published with permission of Elsevier. Cross section A–A’ is shown in figures 2A and B, and cross section B–B’ is shown in figure 3. 

Due to differences in projection, scale, and accuracy of latitude-longitude grids, the location of some cities and features in this figure 

may not be consistent with their location in other figures in this report.

Shoreline of Bohai Bay

B'

B

A

A'

a

a’

a”

EXPLANATION

For Figure 1A

Digital compilation by Eric A. Morrissey

Complex of oil and (or) gas fields

Structure boundary

Basin boundary

Oil field

Gas field

City

0 25 50 75 100 MILES

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

36° 36°

116°

116°

40° 40°

122°

122°

42°

38°

120°

118°

38°

118°

120°

Jinganbu/Jingbei Dongshengpu

Qianjing-Damintun

SHENYANG COMPLEX

Xinglongtai

Shuangtaizi Lengjiapu

Huanxiling

Shuguang

Gaosheng

Biantai

Fahaniu

Dawa

Haiwaihe

Kuihuadao

Rongxingtun

Huangjindai

Yulou

Rehetai

Qinglongtai

Ciyutuo

Jinzhou 9-3

Jinzhou 20-2

Bozhong 427

Bozhong 428(Xi)

Qinhuangdao 32-6 Bozhong 428(B)

Bozhong 6

Jinxian 1-1-1

Suizhong 36-1

Suizhong

Bozhong 25-1

Bozhong 22-1

Peng Lai 19-3-1

DAGANG

COMPLEX

Banqiao

Tanggu

Beibu

Gaoshangbu

Bozhong 34-2

Bozhong 28-1

Zhouqingzhuang

Wangxuzhuang Haisi

Zhangjuhe

Yangerzhuang

Xiaoji and

Wangguantun

Zaoyuan

Kongdian

Yangsanmu

Haiyi

CFD-14-1-1

Chengdong

Gudao

Gudong

SHENGLI

COMPLEX

Changdi

Chengdao

Shenghai

Chengbei

Bonan

Yidong

Haojia

Yonganzhen

Yanjia

Taoerhe

Yingxiongztan

Dawangzhuang

Yihezhuang

Bamianhe

Lijin Shengtuo

Le’an

Chunhuazhen

Liangjialao Shinan

Wangjiagang

Dongxin Shanjiasi

Linpan Shanghe

Jinjia

Huagou Fanjia

Pingfangwang

Linfanjia

Hexiwu

Bieguzhuang

Renqiu

Mozhou

Wenan

Suqiao

Gaojiabu

Chaheji

Longhuzhuang

Nanmazhuang Gaoyang

Nanxiaochen

Hezhuangxi Hezhuang

Shennan

Liuxi

Dawangzhuang

Suning

Taijiazhuang

Jinqui

Mazhai

Machang

Qingzuji

Huzhuangji

Qiaokou

Baimiao

Wenliu

Pucheng

Zhao 41

Binnan

Zhuangxi

Weibei

PANSHAN

COMPLEX

NEIHUANG UPLIFT

 HUANGHUA SUBBASIN

BOZHONG SUBBASIN

 JIYANG SUBBASIN

CHENGNING UPLIFT

CANGXIAN UPLIFT

JIZHONG SUBBASIN

XINGHENG UPLIFT

LINQING SUBBASIN

DONGPU

DEPRESSION

TANGYIN GRABEN

LIAO DONG UPLIFT

 LIAOHE SUBBASIN

LUDONG UPLIFT

TA IH ANG

SHAN UPLIFT

YANSH AN F OL D BE L T

LUXI UPLIFT

TANXIAN

UPLIFT

Puyang

Xingtai

Tianjing

Tangshan

Beijing

Cangzhou

Dezhou

Shijiazhuang

Weifang

Lushun

Longkou

Yantai

Qinhuangdao

Anshan

Dalian

Zibo

Jinan

Yingkou

Jinzhou

Mongolia

China North Korea

Location map. Bohaiwan basin outlined in red.

Anhui

Jiangsu

Shandong

Henan

Hubei

Shanxi

Hebei

Liaoning

North

Korea

Nei Mongol

Jilin

Heilongjiang Mongolia

Bohaiwan

Basin

Beijing

Shanghai

114° 122°

46°

38°

Bohai

Bay

Korea

Bay

Yellow

Sea

Liao He

Huang He

Bohaiwan basin (outlined in red) in a regional setting. From Allen 

and others (1997).

0 200 MI

0 200 KM

Yellow Sea

Depression

EXPLANATION

FOR FIGURE 1B

Uplift

Basin boundary

A

Baoding

depression

Beijing

depression

Shijiazhuang-Jinxian

depression Shulu

depression

Shenxian

depression

Wuqing

depression

Beitang-Nanbu

depression

Nangong

depression

Quixian

depression

Guanxian

depression

Dezhou

depression

Huimin depression

Xinxian

depression

Dongpu

depression

Candong-Changzhuang

depression

Qikou depression

Yanshan depression

Banqiao

depression

Dongying

depression

Changwei/Weibei

depression

Laizhouwan

depression

Qinnan depression

Chezhen depression

Liaodong

depression

Liaoxi

depression

Damintun

depression

Raoyang

depression

Daxing

uplift

Niutuozhen

uplift

Cangxian

uplift

Xingheng

uplift

Neihuang

uplift

Chengning

uplift

Kedong

uplift

Miaoxi

uplift

Shijiutuo

uplift

Chengbei

uplift Bonan

uplift

Chenjaizhuang

 uplift

Cangxian

uplift

Tanxian

uplift

JIZHONG SUBBASIN

Tangyin graben

JIYANG SUBBASIN

LIAO DONG UPLIFT

YANSHAN FOLD

BOZHONG SUBBASIN

LUDONG UPLIFT

LUXI UPLIFT

TAIHANG

LINQING

HUANGHUA

LIAOHE SUBBASIN

SHAN UPLIFT

BEL T SUBBASIN

SUBBASIN

Baxian

depression

Zhanghua depression

Guan depression

Huanghekou

depression

B’

B

A

a

A’

a’

a”

Shoreline of Bohai Bay

TAN-LU FAULT ZONE

B
4 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Figure 2A. Northwest part of geologic cross section A–A’ through the Jizhong, Huanghua, and Jiyang subbasins in the Bohaiwan basin (from Hu and Krylov, 1996). See figure 1 for the line of section and figure 2B for the explanation of formations.

Es

Es

Ed

Ed

Es Es

Es Es Es

Es4-Ek

Es

Q-N Q-N

O

C-P

Es4-Ek

Es4-Ek C-P

O

O

O

O

Cangxian Uplift

 BaxianDepression

Niutuozhen Uplift

 GuanDepression

Jizhong Subbasin

C-P

Mz

C-P

 BanqiaoDepression

Huanghua Subbasin

 QikouDepression

Chengning Uplift

O Q-N Q-N

Ed Ed

Ed

Ed Ed

Es

Es

Es

Es Es

Mz Mz Mz

Ar Ar

Ar

Ar

2,0004,0006,0008,000

METERS

10,000

a’ a

a A

NW

2,0004,0006,000

METERS

*

Oil field

Gas fieldFaultUnconformityStratigraphic boundary

Location of burial history and hydrocarbon generation model

EXPLANATION 

FOR FIGURES 2A AND 2B

0 15 MILES0 15 KILOMETERS

SCALE FOR FIGURES 2A AND 2B
Introduction 

5

Figure 2B. Southeast part of geologic cross section A–A’ through the Jizhong, Huanghua, and Jiyang subbasins in the Bohaiwan basin (modified from Hu and Krylov, 1996). See figure 1 for the line of section.

Ar

Es4-Ek

Q-N

Es4-Ek

C-P

O

Mz

O

Ar O C-P

Ed

Es

O

O

C-P

Es4

Es

-Ek Es

Q-N

Ar

C-P

O

Mz

Es4-Ek

Es

Ed

O

C-P

Mz

Ar

O

C-P

Mz

Es4

Es

-Ek

Q-N

Ar

A’ a”

SE

Jiyang Subbasin

Tanxian

 Uplift

Changwei/Weibei 

Depression

Dongying 

Depression

Ar O

O

Mz

Es4-Ek

Es

Q-N

Es4-Ek

Ed

O O O O

Es4-Ek

Es

Q-N

Es4-Ek

Es

Ed Es Ar

a” a’

Jiyang Subbasin

Chenjaizhuang 

Uplift

Zhanghua 

Depression

Chezhen 

Depression

Chengning 

Uplift

10,000

2,0004,0006,0008,000

METERS

10,000

2,0004,0006,0008,000

METERS

*

Archean Ar:Ordovician, Cambrian, and Proterozoic O:Carboniferous and Permian C-P:Mesozoic Mz:

Eocene Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation and 

Paleocene and Eocene Kongdian Formation

Es4-Ek:

Oligocene and Eocene Shahejie Formation 

(Members 1-3)

Es:

Oligocene Dongying Formation Ed:Quaternary and Neogene Q-N:

EXPLANATION OF FORMATIONS 

FOR FIGURES 2A AND 2B
6 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Figure 3. Geologic cross section B–B’ through the Bozhong subbasin in the Bohaiwan basin (modified from Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas on the Continental Shelf and its Neighboring Regions, 1987). Line of section is also shown in figure 1.

Paleogene rocks: T2-3 Dongying Formation, T3-8 Shahejie and 

Kongdian Formations, T8 Cenozoic base

EXPLANATION

Quaternary and Neogene rocks; Guantao Formation at base

Mesozoic rocks

Paleozoic and Late Proterozoic rocksArchean and Early Proterozoic rocks

Normal fault

Unconformity

Location of burial history and hydrocarbon generation model

0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Qinhuangdao

Tanggu

Longkou

Bohai Bay

Bozhong 5BZ28-1-7

13B5-1

B

B'

Lushun

B’ B

Huanghua 

subbasin

Shijiutuo 

uplift

Qinnan 

depression

Qinnan

uplift

0

2

4

68

1012

Bozhong 5

Changli

depression

Shanhalguan 

uplift

KM

Kedong 

uplift

Huanghekou 

depression

Laizhowan

depression

Bozhong subbasin

Bonan 

uplift

0

2

4

68

1012

BZ28-1-7 13B5-1

T2

T3

T8

T2 T3

T8

T2

T3

T8

KM
Province Geology 7

the Bohai Bay part of the Bohaiwan basin and resulted in oil 

and gas discoveries in the Bozhong (1981) and Liaohe (1984) 

subbasins. Through the second quarter of 1996, the Bohaiwan 

basin had a known petroleum volume (cumulative production 

+ remaining reserves) of 27.3 billion barrels of oil equivalent 

(BBOE) (Klett and others, 1997). The term “known petroleum 

volume” as used by Klett and others (1997) for the entire 

Bohaiwan basin is synonymous with the term “known recoverable” (also defined as cumulative production + remaining 

reserves) used for oil fields presented later in this report.

A Paleogene lacustrine black shale and mudstone unit 

(Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation, fig. 4), representing one 

of several stages of maximum expansion of subbasin-centered 

lakes, is the major source rock. Paleogene and Neogene 

nonmarine sandstones constitute the major reservoir rocks, 

especially where they are interbedded with lacustrine black 

shale and mudstone source rocks. Also, Paleozoic and Middle 

to Late Proterozoic marine limestone and dolomite and highly 

weathered Archean crystalline basement rocks are important 

reservoirs (fig. 4). The Paleogene and Neogene nonmarine 

sandstone reservoirs were deposited in deltaic and fluvial 

sequences that flanked subbasin-centered lakes and in turbidite 

sequences in the central parts of the lakes. The lower Paleozoic and Proterozoic marine limestone and dolomite reservoirs 

were deposited as peritidal and shallow-water shelf carbonates 

on a stable craton.

Technically, each of the six subbasins in the Bohaiwan 

basin, with one or more pods of active source rock, constitutes 

a separate total petroleum system because the subbasins are 

separated from one another by structurally high fault blocks 

(horst blocks) that are largely impervious to the migration of 

oil and gas. Furthermore, multiple petroleum systems may 

exist in each subbasin as suggested by the presence of several 

important source-rock intervals in the basin, such as three 

members of the Shahejie Formation, one member of the Kongdian Formation, and one member of the Dongying Formation. 

However, rather than separate total petroleum systems being 

assigned to each subbasin and (or) to each major source-rock 

interval, they are combined in this report into a single total 

petroleum system. The Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System recognized in this report very 

adequately expresses the dominance of the Shahejie Formation source rocks, the highly productive Shahejie Formation 

and Guantao Formation sandstone reservoir rocks, and the 

Wumishan Formation carbonate reservoir rock. Recognition 

of a single total petroleum system is further justified by the 

similarity in physical and chemical properties of the Bohaiwan 

basin oils (tables 1−6; Chen and others, 1996).

The Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) contains all of the discovered oil and 

gas in the Bohaiwan basin. The oil and gas in this total petroleum system are trapped in conventional accumulations (see 

the definition by Klett and others, 2000).

The hypothetical Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic 

Total Petroleum System (312702) is based on data presented 

by Chang and others (1981) and Xu and Shen (1996). This 

total petroleum system is named for a moderately to deeply 

buried sequence of Carboniferous and Permian coal beds, 

which is the source-rock interval, and Paleozoic sandstoneand-coal-bearing units (Permian and Carboniferous) that 

are considered to be the reservoirs. Most of the gas in this 

hypothetical total petroleum system is inferred to be trapped 

in continuous accumulations (see the definition by Klett and 

others, 2000).

Province Geology

Geographic Setting

The Bohaiwan basin is situated in Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, and Shandong Provinces of eastern China (fig. 1). 

Approximately 25 percent of the basin is located beneath 

Bohai Bay,2 a shallow marine embayment of the north end of 

the Yellow Sea. North Korea is within 200 kilometers (km) 

of the northeast end of the basin and Mongolia is within 550 

km of the northwest end. A low-relief (<100 meters (m) above 

mean sea level) alluvial and coastal plain bordering Bohai 

Bay characterizes the present-day topography. The Huang He 

(Yellow River) flows northeastward across the basin and empties into the south end of Bohai Bay, where it has built a delta. 

Several other large rivers flow across the basin, including the 

Liao He that empties into the north end of Bohai Bay. Surface air temperatures are hot (>20°C) in the summer and cold 

(<0°C) in the winter.

Stratigraphic Setting

Sedimentary fill as thick as 10 km is preserved in 

one or more depressions (sags) of the Jiyang, Jizhong, and 

Bozhong subbasins (figs. 2, 3). In ascending order, the major 

stratigraphic units in the Dongying depression of the Jiyang 

subbasin are as follows: (1) unnamed Cambrian and Ordovician strata (200–500 m); (2) unnamed Carboniferous and 

Permian strata (500–1,200 m); (3) unnamed Mesozoic strata 

(800–2,500 m); (4) Paleocene and Eocene Kongdian Formation (Members 1−3) and Eocene Shahejie Formation (Member 

4) (1,400–6,000 m); (5) Eocene and Oligocene Shahejie Formation (Members 1−3) (400–1,600 m); (6) Oligocene Dongying Formation (200–800 m); and (7) unnamed Neogene and 

Quaternary strata (500–2,000 m) (Hu and Krylov, 1996) (fig. 

2). The 1,200-m thickness for the Carboniferous and Permian 

strata indicated by Hu and Krylov (1996) is probably too great 

when compared with thickness estimates of 450 to 770 m cited 

by ECPG−Shengli (1987) and of 300 to 330 m cited by Lee 

(1989) (fig. 4).

2

The term “Bohai Bay” as used in this report follows the usage of Hu and 

others (1989) and Hu and Krylov (1996).
8 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

SOURCES (see References Cited)

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1982Hao and Zhang, 1984Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, 1958Fei and Wang, 1984Regional Stratigraphic Editorial Section of the 

Hebei Province and Tianjin Region, 1979a

Regional Stratigraphic Editorial Section of the 

Hebei Province and Tianjin Region, 1979b

Scientific Research Institute of Petroleum 

Exploration and Development, Ministry of Petroleum Industry and Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Academia Sinica, 1978

Zha, 1984Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau, 1980

Sandstone

Mudstone

Conglomeratic sandstone

Conglomerate

Siltstone

Shale

Oil shale (black shale)

Limestone

Argillaceous limestone

Quartzite

Dolomite

Rock salt

Gypsum

Basalt

Volcanic rock

Oil

Oil and gas

Gas

Granite and gneiss

Coal

Hiatus

Angular unconformity

Disconformity

EXPLANATION

Era

Kongdian

Shahejie

Dongying

Guantao

Minghuazhen

Paleocene

Eocene

Oligocene

Miocene

Pliocene

Formation

or

Group

Series System

e Neogen

Cretaceous

and

Jurassic

c Cenozoi c Mesozoi Tertiary

e Paleogen

Sinian

Cambrian

Ordovician

Permian

and

Carboniferous

 and Early n Archea

Proterozoic

Middle and 

c Late Proterozoi c Paleozoi Jixian Qingbaikou

Changcheng

Shihezi

Shanxi

Taiyuan

Benxi

Fengfeng

Badou

Majiagou

Liangjiashan

Tieling

Hongshuizhang

Wumishan

Yangzhuang

Gaoyuzhuang

Mentou

Yili

Jingeryu

Changlongshan

Xiamaling

300-600500-700

70-1,000

150-370100-700

45-400

200-300

40-371

1,000

90-1,000

50-400

Jizhong subbasin Linqing/Dongpu subbasin

121231234

3-41-3

1-3

12

Lithology Member/Reservoir Lithology Member/Reservoir Thickness(m)

300-3,500

200-300

137800170

1,600

800

800

200

400-2,000

600

0-800

600

30-50010-300

160-1,060190-1,040

350-440

120-440

90-70060-510

100-1,000

550

0-600

60

1234123

800

200-300400-850170-450

100-1,000

Huanghua subbasin

400-800

1,000-1,500

60-300

150-350

50-24050-330

150-380200-600

Bohaiwan Basin

1212345

Lithology Member/Reservoir Thickness(m) Thickness(m)

Bozhong subbasin Jiyang subbasin

630-980130-540350-950

800-1,150

100-250200-400150-800200-300

0-300

300-500500-600

630-980130-540350-950

800-1,150

100-250200-400150-800200-300

0-300

300-500500-600

123123412

123123412

Lithology Member/Reservoir Lithology Member/Reservoir Thickness(m) Thickness(m)

300-330300-510300-500

180-360120-320

0-500

530

300-1,000

300-500 3 3

6060

Liaohe subbasin

630-980130-540350-950

800-1,150

100-250200-400150-800200-300

0-300

300-500

400-1,200

300-500500-600

1231234123

Lithology Member/Reservoir Thickness(m)

300-700250-750

0-1,500

640

Fujunshan
Province Geology 9

Representative stratigraphic sections for each of the six 

subbasins are shown in figure 4. These stratigraphic sections were compiled by Lee (1989) from a variety of sources. 

Modifications to Lee’s (1989) original compilation include 

the following: (1) the addition of the Paleocene to the lower 

part of the Kongdian Formation as reported by Allen and others (1997); (2) the upward revision of the Eocene-Oligocene 

boundary to the middle of Member 2 of the Shahejie Formation as reported by ECPG−Shengli (1987) and Allen and others (1997); (3) the addition of oil and gas symbols to the Miocene-Pliocene Minghuazhen Formation as reported by Gong 

and others (1998) and Jin and McCabe (1998); (4) the addition 

of several lithologic units such as sandstone reported by Tian 

and others (1996); and (5) the addition of Archean rocks to 

several subbasins as reported by Zhao and others (1999).

Tectonic Setting

The Bohaiwan basin is a large (~200,000 km2) intracratonic rift basin composed of Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Tertiary sedimentary rocks underlain by Precambrian 

crystalline basement rocks and overlain by unconsolidated 

Quaternary sediments. The basin is largely surrounded by 

mountain ranges and uplifts composed of a variety of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic rocks. Complex block faulting 

in the subsurface has little, if any, surface expression (figs. 

2, 3). Block-faulted pre-Quaternary rocks in the subsurface 

define a “dogleg-shaped” basin consisting of a rhomboidshaped central area and narrow northeast- and southwesttapering extensions (fig. 1; Allen and others, 1997). The length 

of the basin between its narrow southwest and northeast 

extensions is approximately 1,100 km and the width of the 

basin at its rhomboid-shaped central area is approximately 

400 km (fig. 1). The basin is underlain by Archean and Early 

Proterozoic metamorphic rocks that constitute the North China 

(Sino-Korean) block or craton (Tian and others, 1992; Yin 

and Nie, 1996). Archean and Early Proterozoic metamorphic 

rocks, Middle and Late Proterozoic to lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, and Jurassic and Cretaceous volcanic rocks are 

exposed in uplifts that flank the west (Taihang Shan uplift) and 

north (Yanshan fold belt) sides of the basin and parts of the 

east (Ludong and Liao Dong uplifts) and south (Luxi uplift) 

sides (fig. 1A) (Tian and others, 1992; Allen and others, 1997). 

The 2,500-km-long, left-lateral(?) Tan-Lu fault zone (fig. 5) 

bounds the east side of the Bohaiwan basin (Yin and Nie, 

1996; Kimura and others, 1990).

A complex basin evolution involved the following 

events: (1) several stages of Proterozoic and early Paleozoic 

shelf sedimentation (~1,700 to 458 Ma); (2) early to middle 

Paleozoic regional subaerial exposure and erosion (~458 

to 320 Ma); (3) late Paleozoic foreland basin(?) sedimentation and contractional deformation(?) (~320 to 250 Ma); (4) 

Mesozoic contractional deformation, extensional deformation, 

and volcanism (~240 to 230 Ma and ~160 to 70 Ma); (5) early 

Tertiary (Paleogene) extension and rifting (~55 to 24 Ma); and 

(6) late Tertiary (Neogene) to recent post-rift subsidence (~22 

Ma to present) (Hu and others, 1989; Allen and others, 1997).

Shallow-marine carbonates and local sandstone of 

Middle to Late Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician age 

were deposited on the North China block (fig. 5) when it was 

part of Gondwanaland (Lin and others, 1985). After a 130- to 

150-million-year (m.y.) interval of post-Middle Ordovician 

epeirogenic uplift, subaerial erosion, and northward drift, the 

North China block collided with, and accreted to, the MongolOkhotsk terrane (Altaids) (fig. 5) in Late Carboniferous to 

Early Permian time (Yin and Nie, 1996; Sengör and Natal’in, 

1996). Allen and others (1997) suggested that southwarddirected thrusting generated by the collision may have formed 

a foreland basin on the North China block. Late Carboniferous and Permian shallow-marine limestone, continental 

terriginous clastic rocks, and coal beds (Lin and others, 1995) 

were deposited in the foreland basin. However, contractional 

tectonism accompanying the collision does not appear to have 

left a recognizable structural imprint on Proterozoic and early 

Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the North China block.

The complex Mesozoic history of the Bohaiwan basin 

area is marked by contractional and extensional deformation, 

plutonism, and volcanism. Late Triassic collision (Indosinian 

orogeny) between the North China and South China (Yangtze) blocks uplifted most of the Bohaiwan area so that very 

few Triassic strata were preserved (Yin and Nie, 1996). Late 

Jurassic to Early Cretaceous contraction (Yanshanian orogeny) 

is recorded in basement-involved, fold-and-thrust belts with 

associated plutonism along the north (Yanshan fold belt) and 

west flanks (Taihang Shan uplift) of the basin (Kimura and 

others, 1990; Davis and others, 1996). Nonmarine Mesozoic 

red beds in the Bohaiwan basin may represent deposits of a 

foreland basin that accompanied this contraction (Hsü, 1989). 

Pre-Cenozoic decollement structures and overthrusts reported 

on seismic profiles crossing Bohai Bay (Zhu Xia in Hsü, 

1989) provide additional evidence for contraction at this time. 

The plate tectonic setting of the contraction is uncertain, but 

possibilities include (1) gravitational collapse and southward 

spreading of the Mongol-Okhotsk terrane during subduction 

beneath the Siberia (Angara) craton, (2) collision between the 

North China and South China blocks, (3) subduction of the 

Pacific plate (not shown in this report) beneath North China, 

and (4) combinations of the above (Davis and others, 1996; 

Yin and Nie, 1996; Meng, 2003) (fig. 5).

Major crustal extension that initiated the Bohaiwan basin 

probably began in early Late Cretaceous time and was characterized by an east-dipping, downward-flattening, breakaway 

Figure 4 (facing page). Stratigraphy of the subbasins in the 

Bohaiwan basin (modified from Lee, 1989). These stratigraphic 

sections originally were compiled by Lee from the sources listed.
10 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Yinshan-Tumen fault

Mishan-Fushun fault

EXPLANATION

0 200 MILES

0 200 KILOMETERS

Fault—Sawteeth 

on upper plate. 

Arrows show 

relative 

movement

Basin

Ordos

Basin

East

Basin

Tamsung

Basin

Hailar

Basin

Erlian

Basin

Bohaiwan

Basin

Songliao

Basin

Zeya-aBureya

Basin

Sanjiang

Middle 

Amur

Basin

RUSSIA

Siberia (Angara) 

craton

Yinshan

North China block

Yellow

Sea

MONGOLIA

RUSSIA

RUSSIA

Bohai

Bay

Korea

Bay

North China block

Mongol-Okhotsk terrane

(Altaids)

Tan-Lu

Yanshan 

fold belt

fault

zone

Mongol-Okhotsk

collision zone

Taihang Shan uplift

South China (Yangtze) block 

Daxingganling uplift

NORTH 

KOREA

SOUTH 

KOREA

110° 115° 120° 125° 130°

50°

45°

40°

35°

30°
Exploration History as of June 2001 11

normal fault that separated highly extended pre-Cenozoic 

rocks of the basin from less extended rocks of the Taihang 

Shan uplift west of the basin (Ma and Wu, 1987; Davis and 

others, 1996). The western margin of this master detachment 

fault system is exposed in the Taihang Shan and Yan Shan 

ranges as north- to northeast-trending normal faults of large 

displacement. Local basaltic volcanism was associated with 

this extension (Tian and others, 1992).

Crustal extension and rifting that began in latest Mesozoic time accelerated during late Paleocene to Eocene time 

and continued more or less continuously through Oligocene 

time to shape the present-day Bohaiwan basin (Hu and others, 

1989; Allen and others, 1997). Deformation is characterized 

by listric normal faults that segmented the Archean basement rocks into an array of large half-grabens, tilted fault 

blocks, grabens, and intervening structural highs (rises and 

horst blocks). Thick syn-rift nonmarine deposits of alluvial 

fan, fluvial, and lacustrine origin filled the evolving basins. 

Commonly, basaltic lavas are interbedded with the syn-rift 

sedimentary deposits (Ye and others, 1997). Back-arc spreading caused by subduction roll-back of the Pacific plate beneath 

North China is the probable mechanism of basin formation 

(Watson and others, 1987; Hsü, 1989; Tian and others, 1992; 

Allen and others, 1997).

Early Cenozoic extension (late Paleocene to early 

Eocene) was concentrated in the southern (Linqing/Dongpu), 

western (Jizhong and Huanghua), and northeastern (Liaohe) 

parts of the basin and resulted in north-northeast-trending rift 

structures (Hu and others, 1989; Allen and others, 1997). Very 

likely, the normal faults accompanying this rifting event in the 

southern and western parts of the basin were controlled by, 

and flatten into, the east-dipping latest Mesozoic breakaway 

normal fault proposed by Davis and others (1996).

Basinwide extension began in the middle Eocene Epoch 

(Allen and others, 1997) or early Oligocene Epoch (Hu and 

others, 1989), during which time extensional faults propagated 

rapidly southward from the Liaohe subbasin area to overlap, 

in en echelon fashion, active rift structures in the southern and 

western parts of the basin. The zone of overlap between the 

northwest-trending rifts, each having a component of right-lateral transtension, formed pull-apart basins in the vicinity of the 

Jiyang and Bozhong subbasins (Allen and others, 1997). These 

proposed right-lateral pull-apart structures created east-westoriented rift basins and marked crustal thinning (Ye and others, 

1985). For this dextral-shear model to work, the Tan-Lu fault 

zone along the east side of the basin (fig. 1B) would have had 

right-lateral movement throughout the Tertiary. In contrast, 

tectonic plate reconstructions by Kimura and others (1990) 

and Yin and Nie (1996) suggested left-lateral displacement 

along the Tan-Lu fault zone (fig. 5). Active crustal extension 

continued throughout the basin in late Eocene and Oligocene 

time but was concentrated in the central (Bozhong and Jiyang 

subbasins) part (Ye and others, 1985; Allen and others, 1997). 

The estimated 30 percent of crustal extension across the 

Bohaiwan basin produced a 30- to 35-km-thick crust that is 5 

to 10 km thinner than the crust in the adjoining Taihang Shan 

(Liu and others, 1978; Davis and others, 1996).

Rifting ended rather abruptly in latest Oligocene to early 

Miocene time and the basin evolved into a post-rift, thermal 

subsidence phase (Hu and others, 1989; Allen and others, 

1997). Allen and others (1997) suggested that prior to thermal 

subsidence, contractional (or transpressional) deformation 

at the end of the Oligocene may have caused mild structural 

inversion in parts of the basin. They attributed the termination 

of the rifting phase to colliding of the India and Eurasia plates 

or colliding of the Australia and Philippine plates (none of 

these tectonic plates are shown in this report). Regional uplift 

and approximately 200 to 1,300 m of erosion predated the 

deposition of post-rift Neogene and Quaternary sedimentary 

rocks that covered most of the basin. The center of post-rift 

subsidence and sedimentation is coincident with the region of 

maximum Paleogene extension in the vicinity of present-day 

Bohai Bay. Thick Quaternary sediments and a record of large 

earthquakes delineate a west-northwest-trending zone of subsidence between Beijing and the center of Bohai Bay that may 

signify an active, new phase of rifting (Ye and others, 1985).

Exploration History as of June 2001

Encouraged by historical reports of local oil and gas 

seeps along the shores of Bohai Bay and adjoining areas, 

petroleum exploration began in the Bohaiwan basin about 

1955. After regional geophysical surveys and the drilling of 10 

dry holes (4 in Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, 3 in Jiyang subbasin, 2 in Huanghua subbasin, and 1 in Jizhong subbasin), oil 

was discovered in the Jiyang subbasin in 1960 or 1961 (table 

1). This discovery of the giant Dongxin oil field on the Dongying faulted anticline led to development of the fourth largest 

field in the Shengli complex (fig. 1A). The giant Shengtuo 

and Gudao oil fields (largest fields in the Shengli complex) 

(fig. 1A) were discovered in 1964 and 1968, respectively. The 

third largest oil field in the Shengli complex, the Gudong field 

(fig. 1A), was discovered in 1984 near the shoreline of Bohai 

Bay. Oil in all these giant fields is trapped in faulted roll-over 

anticlines or in compaction anticlines draped over underlying 

Figure 5 (facing page). Tectonic map of northeastern China and 

adjoining countries showing the Bohaiwan basin, North China 

block, and selected tectonic provinces and features. Modified 

from Allen and others (1997, fig. 4, p. 956) and published with 

permission of Elsevier. Names of selected features are from Davis 

and others (1996), Kimura and others (1990), Meng (2003), Yin and 

Nie (1996), and Sengör and others (1993).
12 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

tilted fault blocks (buried hills) of lower Paleozoic carbonate 

rocks. Reservoirs consist of lacustrine and fluvial-deltaic sandstones of Paleogene and Neogene age. The combined known 

recoverable of the Dongxin, Shengtuo, Gudao, and Gudong 

fields is between 9 and 10 billion barrels of oil (BBO) (Jin and 

McCabe, 1998).

The first commercial oil discoveries in the other subbasins of the Bohaiwan basin were reported as follows: Huanghua subbasin, 1962; Jizhong subbasin, 1964; Liaohe subbasin, 1964; Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, 1975; and Bozhong 

subbasin, 1975. In the Jizhong subbasin, the giant Renqiu oil 

field (fig. 1A), with a known recoverable of 2.3 BBO (Horn, 

1990) to 2.85 BBO (Jin and McCabe, 1998), was discovered 

in 1975. The discovery of the Renqiu field was very significant 

because it established buried-hill traps (tilted fault blocks), 

with Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs, as 

a major target for exploration (Zhai and Zha, 1982). Prior to 

the discovery of Renqiu, objectives for oil exploration in the 

Bohaiwan basin were confined to accumulations in Paleogene 

and Neogene lacustrine sandstone reservoirs in structural and 

stratigraphic traps. The major onshore oil fields in the Liaohe 

subbasin were discovered between 1964 and 1975 in faulted 

anticlines and buried hills: Huangjindai (1964); Xinglongtai 

in the Panshan complex (1969); Gaosheng (1975); Huanxiling (1975); and Shuguang in the Panshan complex (1975) 

(fig. 1A). Commonly, these Liaohe subbasin fields contain 

low-gravity oil and have a combined known recoverable of at 

least several billion barrels of oil (table 2; Jin and McCabe, 

1998).

Beginning in 1980, the Chinese National Offshore Oil 

Company (CNOOC) signed several cooperative agreements 

with foreign companies to explore the offshore part of the 

Bohaiwan basin (ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Han and 

Wang, 1997). Among the oil fields discovered on cooperative lease blocks in the Bozhong subbasin are the following: 

Bozhong 28-1 (date of discovery 1981); Bozhong 28-2 (date 

of discovery 1983); Bozhong 34-3 (date of discovery 1984); 

Peng Lai 14-3-1 (date of discovery 1997); and Peng Lai 

19-3-1 (date of discovery 1999) (ECPG−Continental Shelf, 

1987; Oil and Gas Journal, 1997; Shirley, 2000) (see fig. 1A

for the location of several of these fields). The largest offshore oil field discovered in the Bohaiwan basin to date is the 

Suizhong 36-1 field (fig. 1A) in the Liaohe subbasin. Discovered by the Chinese in 1986, this field contains, in-place, 

between 1 and 2.1 billion barrels of low-gravity oil (Li, 1989; 

Gustavson and Xin, 1990; Jin and McCabe, 1998). In 1995, 

the Chinese discovered the Qinhuangdao 32-6 oil field (fig. 

1A) in the Bozhong subbasin, their second largest offshore 

oil field (having in-place oil of ≈ 1 BBO) (China Oil & Gas, 

1998; Appalachian Basin Report, 1998). Atlantic Richfield 

(now merged with British Petroleum (BP)) and Texaco (now 

merged with Chevron) are developing this field in cooperation 

with CNOOC (Appalachian Basin Report, 1998).

The onshore part of the Bohaiwan basin is now in a 

mature stage of exploration, having a high density of wells 

drilled to less than 3,500 m and about 1,400 wells drilled 

deeper than 3,500 m (He and others, 1998). Exploration in 

the Bohaiwan basin in the 1990s and early 2000s focused on 

the offshore area (He and others, 1998; Oil and Gas Journal 

Newsletter, 1999; Oil and Gas Journal, 2001), but onshore 

exploration for oil and gas at depths between 3,500 and 5,500 

m continues (He and others, 1998; Zhang, 1999).

Ulmishek (1992) suggested that the Bozhong and Liaohe 

(offshore) subbasins have the best potential for new oil and 

gas discoveries. Most future discoveries in the onshore part of 

the Bohaiwan basin are expected to be in subtle, chiefly stratigraphic, traps. In the 1994 USGS World Energy Resources 

Assessment (Masters and others, 1998), known recoverable oil 

and gas in the Bohaiwan (North China) basin were estimated 

to be 15.6 BBOE (13.4 BBO and 13.4 trillion cubic feet of gas 

(TCFG)), whereas undiscovered oil and gas resources were 

estimated, at a mean value, to be 6.7 BBOE (5.4 BBO and 8 

TCFG). The known petroleum volume of 27.3 BBOE reported 

by Klett and others (1997) consists of 24.6 BBO, 15.7 TCFG, 

and 0.1 billion barrels of natural gas liquids.

Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumishan Total Petroleum System 

(312701)

Petroleum Occurrence

All of the approximately 200 to 250 oil and gas fields 

discovered through the second quarter of 1996 in the Bohaiwan basin (tables 1−6 and fig. 6) and their known petroleum 

volume of 27.3 BBOE (Klett and others, 1997) are associated with the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total 

Petroleum System. Also, the majority of the known petroleum 

volume of 27.3 BBOE is concentrated in several giant to large 

fields discovered in the early and middle stages of exploration. The fields are located in each of the six fault-controlled 

subbasins and associated depressions where Shahejie Formation source rocks have achieved appropriate burial for 

Figure 6 (facing page). Map showing the Shahejie–Shahejie/

Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Bohaiwan 

basin, pods of mature source rock, and oil and gas fields as of the 

second quarter of 1996. Abbreviation: TPS, total petroleum system. 

Due to differences in projection, scale, and accuracy of latitudelongitude grids, the location of some cities and features in this 

figure may not be consistent with their location in other figures in 

this report.
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 13

Oil field

Gas field

Oil and gas field

City

TPS boundary

Assessment unit boundary

Outline of pod of mature source rock

Geologic province boundary

Subbasin boundary Uplift boundary

Bz

Hu

Lia

Li/Do

Jy

Jz

Bozhong

Huanghua

Liaohe

Linqing/Dongpu

Jiyang

Jizhong

Ca

Ch

Cangxian

Chengning

 (this area is excluded

 from the TPS)

EXPLANATION

Zhangguangcailing Uplift

Erlian Songliao Basin

Basin

Taihangshan Yanshan

Fold Belt

Bohaiwan

Basin

Korea

Bay

Basin

Luxi

Jiaoliao

Basin

Subei Yellow

Sea Basin

Qinling

Dabieshan Fold Belt

Shanxi

Plateau

Bohai

Bay

Taikang Hefei

Basin

0 40 80 120 MILES

0 40 80 120 KILOMETERS

115°

35°

40°

120° 125°

Bz

Hu

Lia

Li/Do

Jy

Jz

Ca

Ch

China

Yellow Sea

(Bohaiwan basin outlined in red)

Wudi

Jinan

Linyi

Shulu

Guan

Hangu

Anshan

Xinmin

Baxian

Renqui

Xinjin

Dalian

Lushun

Tanggu

Jinzhou

Weifang

Tianjin

Dongjia

Baoding

Beijing

Zhanhua

Changil

Yanshan

Yingkou

Shenyang

Guangrao

Shenxian

Tangshan

Huanghua

Cangzhou

Goubangzi

Dongguang

Qinhuangdao

Yangerzhuang

Chenjiazhuang

Shijiazhuang

Zibo(Zhangdian)
14 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

oil generation (figs. 1−3). Two major reservoir intervals are 

recognized in the total petroleum system: (1) Tertiary sandstones of nonmarine origin that overlie, are interbedded with, 

or are in fault contact with Shahejie Formation source rocks 

and (2) Archean metamorphic rocks and Proterozoic and lower 

Paleozoic marine carbonates that are unconformably overlain 

by or are in fault contact with Shahejie Formation source 

rocks. Approximately 80 percent of the known recoverable 

oil and gas in the Bohaiwan basin reside in Tertiary sandstone 

reservoirs and about 10 to 20 percent reside in Proterozoic 

and lower Paleozoic carbonate and Archean crystalline rock 

reservoirs in buried hills. A small percentage of the known 

oil and gas reserves are located in Tertiary bioclastic carbonate reservoirs, shale reservoirs, and volcanic rock reservoirs 

(Chang, 1991).

Source Rocks

Introduction

Similar biomarker (terpanes, steranes, pristane, phytane), 

n-alkane, and δ13C1 distributions from at least several hundred 

crude oils (from both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs) 

suggest that the oils in all six subbasins in the Bohaiwan basin 

very likely have been derived from source rocks of the same 

approximate age and depositional setting (ECPG−Shengli, 

1987; ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Liang, 1987a,b; Shi 

and Qin, 1987; Liu and others, 1988; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 

1989; Chen and others, 1996). This conclusion is further 

supported by reasonably consistent API gravity values (≈25 

to 44°) and sulfur content (<0.1 to 1.0 percent), high paraffin 

content (≈20 to 30 percent), and gas-oil ratios (generally less 

than 1,000 ft3 of gas per barrel of oil) among most crude oils 

in the Bohaiwan basin (tables 1−6; Chang, 1991).

Heavy to very heavy crude oils (<10 to 20° API gravity) 

are common in the Bozhong, Jiyang, Liaohe, and Huanghua 

subbasins. Some of these oils may have high sulfur contents 

(1−10 percent; see tables 1, 2, and 4) because of their abundant resin and asphaltene contents. Probably most of the 

heavy to very heavy oils were derived from the same source 

rocks as the light crude oils, but were modified by additional 

post-emplacement processes such as evaporative loss, water 

washing, and extensive biodegradation (Lu and others, 1990). 

However, some of the heavy oils may have originated from 

thermally immature source rocks that were deposited in brackish to saline water (Shi and others, 1982; Liang, 1987b; Huang 

and others, 1990; Lu and others, 1990; Chen and others, 1994; 

and Chen and others, 1996).

Stratigraphic Units

Member 3 of the Eocene and Oligocene Shahejie Formation is the primary source rock in the Shahejie–Shahejie/

Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (fig. 4). Also, 

Members 4 and 1 of the Shahejie Formation are important 

source rocks in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan 

Total Petroleum System, and in several subbasins they may be 

the primary source rocks (fig. 4). Other source rocks included 

in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum 

System are Member 2 of the Paleocene and Eocene Kongdian 

Formation (fig. 4), an important source rock in the Huanghua 

subbasin, and Member 3 of the lower Oligocene Dongying 

Formation, probably an important source rock in the Bozhong 

subbasin. Members 1, 3, and 4 of the Shahejie Formation, 

Member 2 of the Kongdian Formation, and Member 3 of the 

Dongying Formation are all identified on the events chart 

(fig. 7) as source rocks of the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumishan Total Petroleum System.

Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation

Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation is the most important source rock in the Bohaiwan basin (Liang, 1987a,b; 

ECPG−Shengli, 1987; Liu and others, 1988; Wu and Liang, 

1988; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991; 

Gardemal and others, 1996; Gong and others, 1998). Most 

of the Shahejie Formation source rocks are interpreted to be 

deepwater lacustrine deposits in association with widespread 

anoxic conditions (Hu and others, 1989; Chang, 1991; Allen 

and others, 1997), and Member 3 represents the most widespread of these deposits in the Bohaiwan basin (Yao and 

others, 1994, cited in Allen and others, 1997). Intense rifting 

and a climate change to wetter, more humid conditions are 

suggested by Hu and others (1989) and Chang (1991) as the 

main reasons for the abrupt expansion of lacustrine conditions. Member 3 in all six subbasins generally consists of 

1,000-m-thick, deepwater lacustrine deposits primarily of 

dark-gray mudstone, oil shale (black shale), siltstone, and 

dark-gray sandstone (fig. 4) (ECPG−Shengli, 1987; Chang; 

1991; Yao and others, 1994, cited in Allen and others, 1997). 

This extensive lacustrine system is largely freshwater (ECPG−

Shengli, 1987; Chen and others, 1994), but locally the lacustrine system may have been mixed with seawater as suggested 

by the coexistence of freshwater and brackish-water fossils 

(Zhang, 1987). Beds of halite and gypsum are associated with 

Member 3 lacustrine deposits in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin 

(Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991; Jin, 1991).

Figure 7 (facing page). Events chart for the Shahejie–Shahejie/

Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System. Geologic time scale 

based on Magoon and Dow (1994) and Magoon and Schmoker 

(2000). Abbreviations: Plio., Pliocene; Mio., Miocene; Olig., 

Oligocene; Eoc., Eocene; Pal., Paleocene; E, Early; M, Middle; 

L, Late.
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 15

350

400

450

500

550

570

150

200

0

50

100

300

250

323

363

408

439

510

146

208

2,500

24

65

290

245 E

L

L

M

E

L

M

E

L

L

L

M

E

E

M

E

L

M

E

L

M

E

E

L

E

L

Cambrian

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

Mississippian

Pennsylvanian

Permian

Triassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

E

Prot. & 

Arch.

M-L

Prot.Cambrian and Ordovician rocks Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks Permian and Carboniferous rocks

Sha 

K 1-3

Mi

Gu

Do

1-4

L

E

M

Prot. Arch.

Jy

Bz

in

buried

hills

in

buried

hills

in

buried

hills

rollover anticlines and

tilted fault blocks

compaction (drape) anticlines

and rejuvenated faults

Extension and Rifting

Subsidence

GENERATION - MIGRATION

PRESERVATIONCRITICAL MOMENT

- ACCUMULATION

ROCK UNITSOURCE ROCKRESERVOIR ROCKSEAL ROCKOVERBURDEN ROCK

TRAP FORMATION

PETROLEUM

SYSTEM EVENTS

GEOLOGIC TIME

SCALE

(Million years)

Eoc.

Pal.

Mio.

Olig.

Plio.

Jy

Bz

Sha, 1-4

K, 1-3

Prot.

Arch.

Mi

Gu

EXPLANATION

Rock Unit

Do

Critical moment, Jiyang subbasin

Critical moment, Bozhong subbasin

Unconformity

Hiatus

Shahejie Formation, Members 1–4

Kongdian Formation, Members 1–3

Proterozoic rocks

Archean rocks

Minghuazhen Formation

Guantao Formation

Dongying Formation
16 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation

Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation is another important 

source rock that occurs in all six subbasins (ECPG−Shengli, 

1987; ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Liu and others, 1988; 

Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Tian and others, 1996; Hu, 

1995, cited in Jin and McCabe, 1998). Similar to Member 3, 

Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation represents widespread 

lacustrine conditions; however, the dark-gray mudstone and 

oil-shale (black shale) source rocks in Member 1 are commonly of lower organic richness than source rocks in Member 

3 because basin subsidence was slower and more uniform during the deposition of Member 1 (Yao and others, 1994, cited 

in Allen and others, 1997). Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation most commonly ranges in thickness from about 200 to 

400 m (fig. 4). Fossil and lithologic assemblages suggest that 

Member 1 was deposited largely under freshwater conditions, 

but highly saline water was present in the Linqing/Dongpu 

subbasin as indicated by the presence of halite and gypsum 

deposits (Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991).

Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation

Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation is reported to be 

an important source rock in the Jiyang, Jizhong, Liaohe, and 

Linqing/Dongpu subbasins (ECPG−Shengli, 1987; Qian and 

Chen, 1990; Wu and Liang, 1988; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 

1989; Tong and Huang, 1991; Hu, 1995, cited in Jin and 

McCabe, 1998). Member 4 represents the initial phase of 

widespread lacustrine sedimentation in the Bohaiwan basin 

(Hu and others, 1989; Yao and others, 1994, cited in Allen and 

others, 1997). Dark-gray mudstone interbedded with oil shale 

(black shale), siltstone, and sandstone of deepwater lacustrine 

origin characterize Member 4 deposits in the Jiyang subbasin, 

whereas dark-gray mudstone interbedded with gypsum-bearing mudstone, bioclastic limestone, and dolomite characterize 

Member 4 deposits in the other subbasins. Red beds, halite, 

and anhydrite commonly found in parts of Member 4 probably 

reflect a hot, dry climate (Hu and others, 1989). The presence 

of foraminifera and nannofossils in several carbonate units in 

Member 4 indicates that the lacustrine system at this time was 

intermittently connected with marine water (ECPG−Shengli, 

1987; Allen and others, 1997). The thickness of Member 4 of 

the Shahejie Formation ranges generally from about 350 to 

1,000 m (fig. 4).

Member 2 of the Kongdian Formation

Member 2 of the Kongdian Formation is of secondary 

importance as a source rock in comparison to Members 1, 3, 

and 4 of the Shahejie Formation. This source rock seems to 

be important only in the Huanghua subbasin (Liang, 1987a,b; 

Tian and others, 1996) and possibly in the Jizhong subbasin, 

where the Kongdian Formation is undivided (Wu and Liang, 

1988). Member 2 source rocks consist of dark-gray to black 

mudstone and oil shale (black shale) and interbedded siltstone and sandstone that probably were deposited in local 

shallow-water lakes (Yao and others, 1994, cited in Allen and 

others, 1997). Lacustrine source-rock deposits in Member 2 

were preceded by alluvial fan and fluvial deposits (Member 

3) characterized by red and green mudstone, sandstone, and 

conglomerate with interbedded basalt flows. Member 1, which 

succeeds Member 2, has similar deposits as well as ephemeral-lake deposits characterized by dark-gray gypsum-bearing 

mudstone (Zhang, 1987). Member 2 ranges in thickness from 

about 400 to 600 m (fig. 4).

Member 3 of the Dongying Formation

The lower part of the Dongying Formation (Member 3) 

is also of secondary importance as a source rock in comparison to Members 1, 3, and 4 of the Shahejie Formation. This 

source rock may be important in the Bozhong subbasin where 

it consists of dark gray mudstone that probably was deposited 

in deeper lakes (ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Gong and 

others, 1998; Xu, 2004).

Geochemical Characteristics

Source Rocks in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation

Total organic carbon (TOC) content in weight percent, 

kerogen type, and hydrogen index (HI) values in milligrams 

of hydrocarbon per grams of organic carbon (mgHC/g orgC) 

for mudstone and oil-shale source rocks in Member 3 of the 

Shahejie Formation are reported in table 7. Figure 8 shows the 

distribution of total organic carbon in the Member 3 source 

rocks. The abundant organic matter in the source rocks is dominated by algae and bacteria that accumulated in the middle, 

deeper parts of the lake and by large quantities of terrigenous 

organic matter (including spores and pollen) that accumulated 

along the shallower margins of the lake (Hu and others, 1989; 

Gardemal and others, 1996).

Oil-Source Rock Correlations

Oil-source rock correlations based on biomarker distributions (isoprenoids and others), n-alkane distributions, and 

δ13 C data indicate that the Shahejie Formation (Members 1, 

3, and 4) and Kongdian Formation (Member 2) (Huanghua 

subbasin only) are the predominant source rocks for oils in the 

Tertiary sandstone reservoirs and the pre-Tertiary buried-hill 

carbonate reservoirs. For example, as interpreted from biomarker distributions, oil in the Bozhong subbasin was derived 

from two main types of lacustrine source rock in Member 3 

of the Shahejie Formation (Gardemal and others, 1996). One 

source-rock type (in the upper part of Member 3) has algal 

affinities, whereas the other source-rock type (in the lower part 

of Member 3) has higher quantities of bacteria (Gardemal and 

others, 1996). Also, oil from the Bozhong 28-1 field has been 

correlated with source rocks from Members 3 and 1 of the 

Shahejie Formation using biomarkers, n-alkane distributions, 

and δ13 C data (ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987).
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 17

Additional subbasins where oils from at least one field 

have been correlated with source rocks in Member 3 of the 

Shahejie Formation are as follows: (1) Huanghua subbasin 

(Liang, 1987a); (2) Jiyang subbasin (ECPG−Shengli, 1987; 

Chen and others, 1996); (3) Jizhong subbasin (Gao and others, 

1987; Wu and Liang, 1988); and (4) Liaohe subbasin (Zheng, 

1988; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Lu and others, 1990). 

Although Member 3 is considered to be the source rock for 

the oils in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, this interpretation 

is not supported by geochemical data other than by appropriately high TOC values (Qi, 1988, cited by Li, Yao, and Liu, 

1991; Jin and McCabe, 1998). Another important conclusion 

derived from these geochemical data is that oils in the buriedhill Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs were 

derived from Tertiary lacustrine source rocks (largely Member 

3 of the Shahejie Formation) rather than from the marine carbonates (Zhai and Zha, 1982; ECPG−Shengli, 1987; Liu and 

others, 1988).

Source rocks in Members 1 and (or) 4 of the Shahejie 

Formation have been correlated with oils in the Bozhong 

subbasin (ECPG–Continental Shelf, 1987), in the Huanghua 

subbasin (Liang, 1987a), in the Jiyang subbasin (Shi and 

others, 1982; ECPG−Shengli, 1987; Chen and others, 1996), 

in the Jizhong subbasin (Gao and others, 1987; Liu and others, 1988; Wu and Liang, 1988), and in the Liaohe subbasin 

(Zheng, 1988; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Lu and others, 

1990). The Huanghua subbasin (Liang, 1987a) is the only part 

of the Bohaiwan basin where geochemical evidence supports 

Member 2 of the Kongdian Formation as a source rock for 

some of the oils.

Chezhen

Cizhen

Jiyang

Shang 102

Bin 18

Da 13

Zhanhua

Dongying

Niu 2

Binxian

Huimin

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1

2

2

1

2 Total organic carbon isopleth

Shahejie Member 3 absent

Oil well

City

EXPLANATION

0 10 20 30 MILES

0 15 30 KILOMETERS

Figure 8. Distribution of the total organic carbon (in weight percent) in the lower Tertiary Shahejie Member 3 source rocks in the 

Jiyang subbasin of the Bohaiwan basin (from Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field, 1987).
18 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Natural Gases

Natural gases in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System consist of a mixture of hydrocarbon and non-combustible gases. The hydrocarbon gases most 

commonly occur as gas caps associated with oil fields and are 

characterized as wet gas: CH4 ≈ 77−93 percent, C2H6+ ≈5−20 

percent, N2 ≈ 0.25−2 percent, and CO2 ≈ 0.25−2 percent 

(ECPG−Shengli, 1987; ECPG−Huabei, 1987; ECPG−Dagang, 

1987; ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 

1989; Xu and others, 1997). Most nonassociated gas accumulations consist of dry gas with CH4

 >95 percent and C2H6+ 

≈0−2 percent (ECPG−Dagang, 1987; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 

1989). Small amounts of inert gases Ar and He, measured in 

tens to hundreds of parts per million (ppm), are mixed with 

the hydrocarbon gases (Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Xu and 

others, 1997).

Carbon isotopes (δ13C1 ≈ -55.6 to -34.6) of selected 

hydrocarbon gases suggest that the majority of the Bohaiwan 

basin gases are thermogenic in origin (Xu and others, 1997). 

Moreover, in the Jiyang subbasin the carbon isotopic compositions of the methane gases are very similar to those of 

absorbed gases in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation, which 

is the proposed source rock (ECPG−Shengli, 1987). Several 

gases having light carbon isotopic values (δ13C1 ≈ -58.2 to 

-56.6) probably represent a mixture of biogenic and thermogenic gases (ECPG−Dagang, 1987; Xu and others, 1997). 

High amounts (>15 percent) of non-combustible CO2 and 

N2 gases are present in the Huanghua and Jiyang subbasins 

(ECPG−Dagang, 1987; ECPG−Shengli, 1987). Gases having a 

high percentage of CO2 could have resulted from one or more 

of the following mechanisms: (1) migration of magmatic- and 

(or) mantle-derived fluids during Cenozoic volcanism, (2) 

thermal decomposition of carbonate rocks during deep burial, 

and (3) decomposition of sedimentary organic matter during 

deep burial (Dai and others, 1996; Xu and others, 1997; Jin 

and others, 2004). One well in the southern Jizhong subbasin 

reported an H2S content >90 percent (ECPG−Huabei, 1987).

Pods of Thermally Mature Source Rock

Pods of thermally mature source rock (having vitrinite 

reflectance (%Ro) of about 0.5−1.5) associated with the Shahejie and Kongdian Formations are confined to the six subbasins 

and the numerous associated depressions in the Bohaiwan 

basin (figs. 1A,B, 6). For example, in the Jiyang subbasin, 

Qian (1994; cited in Jin and McCabe, 1998) recognized 11 

pods of mature source rock (identified as oil-source centers in 

their terminology) that are clustered in the Dongying, Huimin, 

Chezhen (Chenzheng), and Zhanhua (Zhanghua) depressions 

(see fig. 1B for location of depressions). The three pods of 

mature source rock in the Jiyang subbasin shown in figure 6 

are centered on the Dongying, Huimin, Chezhen (Chenzheng), 

and Zhanhua (Zhanghua) depressions. The maximum thickness of mature source rock is about 900 m in the Dongying 

depression, about 400 m in the Huimin depression, and about 

200 m in the Chezhen (Chenzheng) and Zhanhua (Zhanghua) 

depressions (ECPG−Shengli, 1987).

The Jizhong subbasin is another example where pods of 

mature source rock have been identified in the literature (Wu 

and Liang, 1988). One pod is located in the Guan depression 

in the northern part of the subbasin, whereas farther south, a 

second, larger pod is located in the Baxian, Raoyang, Shenxian, and Shulu depressions (figs. 1B, 6; Wu and Liang, 1988). 

Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation, containing thermally 

mature dark mudstone (oil shale and black shale) source rocks, 

reaches a maximum thickness of about 2,400 m in the Guan 

depression and about 300 to 500 m in the southern depressions 

(ECPG−Huabei, 1987).

Burial History, Hydrocarbon Generation, and 

Migration

Burial History and Hydrocarbon Generation

Burial history and hydrocarbon-generation-model studies 

using a 36° C/km average geothermal gradient suggest that 

about 2,200 to 2,500 m of overburden rocks were required to 

achieve the critical moment for Shahejie Formation (Member 

3) source rocks in the Jiyang and Bozhong subbasins (figs. 7, 

9, 10; tables 8, 9). Although seemingly thin compared with 

most oil-producing regions of the world (where overburden 

thickness is commonly ≥3,000 m), these estimated overburden 

thicknesses are consistent with those in other subbasins and 

depressions in the Bohaiwan basin, such as the Huanghua 

subbasin (Chen and Zhang, 1991; Li and others, 2004), the 

Jizhong subbasin (Li, Du, and Hu, 1991; V.F. Nuccio, unpub. 

data, 1999), and the Liaohe subbasin (Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 

1989). In addition to the majority of the oils that were generated from the thermal degradation of kerogen between %Ro

≈ 0.5 and 1.5, some of the heavy oils in the Bozhong, Jiyang, 

Liaohe, and Huanghua subbasins have been suggested to be 

the products of immature source rocks having %Ro ≈ 0.3−0.5 

and overburden thickness ≤2,000 m (Huang and others, 1990; 

Lu and others, 1990; Jin, 1991; Jin and McCabe, 1998). Huang 

and others (1990) suggested that these immature oils may have 

been formed at low temperatures from organic matter that was 

present in organic solvents.

On the basis of burial history and hydrocarbon generation 

models, we conclude that the critical moment for the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System 

in the Dongying depression of the Jiyang subbasin occurred 

in approximately middle Miocene time (≈15 Ma) (figs. 7, 9; 

table 8).

Burial history and hydrocarbon generation models of 

the Bozhong subbasin suggest that the critical moment there 

occurred in approximately early Oligocene time (≈30 Ma), 

about 15 Ma earlier than in the Jiyang subbasin (figs. 7, 10; 

table 9). This timing of oil generation is consistent with studies by Gardemal and others (1996). Because of their greater 
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 19

0

2000400060008000

10,00012,000

400 300 700 600 500 100 0

t=0

200

AGE (MILLION YEARS)

DEPTH (METERS)

Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Miss. Penn. Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous P E O M Pl

Unnamed

Oligocene

Strata

300°C

100°C

200°C

main phase oil

late oil

critical

moment

FORMATION

Quaternary,

Minghuazhen,

and

Guantao

Dongying

Shahejie

Members 1-2

Shahejie

Member 3

Shahejie

Member 4

and

Kongdian

Members 1-3

Cretaceous

and

Jurassic

Permian

and

Carboniferous

Ordovician

and

Cambrian

basement

Figure 9. Burial history and hydrocarbon generation model for the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin of the Bohaiwan basin. Abbreviations: Miss., Mississippian; Penn., Pennsylvanian; P, Paleocene; E, Eocene; O, Oligocene; M, Miocene; Pl, Pliocene and Quaternary; t=0, present day.
20 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

0

2000400060008000

10,00012,000

400 300 600 500 100 0

t=0

200

AGE (MILLION YEARS)

DEPTH (METERS)

Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Miss. Penn. Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous P E O M Pl

Unnamed

Oligocene

Strata

300°C

100°C

200°C

Quaternary,

Minghuazhen,

and

Guantao

Dongying

Shahejie

Members 1-2

Shahejie

Member 3

Shahejie

Member 4

and

Kongdian

Members 1-3

main phase oil

late oil

critical

moment

basement

FORMATION
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 21

thickness, overburden rocks in the Bozhong subbasin at the 

critical moment for Member 3 source rocks of the Shahejie 

Formation were limited to Members 1 and 2 of the Shahejie 

Formation and to the Dongying Formation (fig. 4, table 9). 

Based on tables 8 and 9, the net thickness of the combined 

Shahejie (Members 1 and 2), Dongying, and Guantao Formations in the Bozhong subbasin is about double the net 

thickness of these units in the Jiyang subbasin. This greater 

thickness of overburden rock may explain why the critical 

moment for Member 3 (Shahejie Formation) source rocks in 

the Bozhong subbasin is earlier than in the Jiyang subbasin.

Migration

Most of the oil in this total petroleum system was generated in fault-controlled half-grabens—classified as subbasins, 

depressions, and sags depending on their size—and migrated 

both updip along the gentle flanks of these structures and 

subvertically along the master fault systems (Wu and Liang, 

1988; Chen and Zhang, 1991; Chang, 1991). Where a “low” 

central high block is flanked by two half-grabens (each having a master fault that dips toward the other), oil migration 

commonly was focused away from the depressions toward the 

“low” central high (Chen and Zhang, 1991). Oil migrated into 

buried hills either directly from overlying or adjoining mature 

Tertiary source rocks, along unconformities, or subvertically 

along fault zones (Zhai and Zha, 1982; Zheng, 1988). Local to 

short-range oil migration was dominant in each subbasin, and 

probably the oil migrated no farther than a few tens of kilometers from the pods of mature source rock (source centers) (Wu 

and Liang, 1988; Chang, 1991; Jin and McCabe, 1998). Complicated structural patterns, abrupt sedimentary facies changes, 

and relatively small sizes of the subbasins and depressions 

prevented any long-range migration.

Overburden Rocks

Overburden rocks at the critical moment for Member 3 

source rocks of the Shahejie Formation in the Jiyang subbasin consisted, in ascending order, of Members 2 and 1 of the 

Shahejie Formation, the Dongying Formation, and the Guantao Formation (fig. 4; table 8). An estimated 300 m of upper 

Oligocene strata were removed prior to the deposition of the 

Guantao Formation (fig. 4; table 8).

Shahejie Formation Overburden

Upper Eocene and lower Oligocene Member 2 of the 

Shahejie Formation represents a gradually shrinking stage of 

the lake and is characterized by fluvial, deltaic, and shallowwater lacustrine deposits that replaced widespread deepwater 

lacustrine deposits of Member 3 (ECPG−Shengli, 1987). 

Fluvial deposits were locally derived from uplifted and eroded 

fault blocks that flanked the depressions. During Member 2 

deposition, lacustrine environments persisted in the Chezhen 

(Chenzheng) and Zhanhua (Zhanghua) depressions of the 

Jiyang subbasin, whereas alluvial plain, swamp, and fluvial 

environments formed in the Dongying and Huimin depressions (ECPG−Shengli, 1987) (see fig. 1B for the location of 

the depressions). Shallow lacustrine deposits of the Chezhen 

(Chenzheng) and Zhanhua (Zhanghua) depressions consist 

of gray, dark-gray, and gray-green mudstone, siltstone, silty 

fine-grained sandstone, dolomitic carbonates, and local sandstone (ECPG−Shengli, 1987). Fluvial deposits (braided and 

meandering channels) in the Dongying and Huimin depressions consist of medium- to fine-grained sandstones and 

associated crevasse splay, whereas the alluvial plain deposits 

consist of siltstone, fine-grained sandstone, and red and green 

mudstones (ECPG−Shengli, 1987). Fine-grained sandstone, 

siltstone, and greenish-gray mudstone characterize the deltaic 

deposits. Local alluvial fan deposits, consisting of coarse 

sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone, are located around 

the margins of the depressions (ECPG−Shengli, 1987). Some 

alluvial fans prograded into the lake to form fan deltas and 

subaqueous fans.

Lacustrine conditions expanded and water deepened 

somewhat in the Jiyang subbasin during the deposition of 

lower Oligocene Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation so that 

gray to dark-gray shale and mudstone, commonly containing 

abundant organic matter, was the dominant lithology (ECPG−

Shengli, 1987; Hu and others, 1989). Carbonate grainstone 

deposits as much as 10 m thick commonly accumulated in 

beach and barrier-bar environments along the shoreline.

Dongying Formation Overburden

The upper Oligocene Dongying Formation in the Dongying depression represents the rapid east-to-west progradation 

of fluvial and deltaic deposits over Member 1 of the Shahejie 

Formation (ECPG−Shengli, 1987). Fluvial and deltaic deposits 

also dominated the Dongying Formation in the Huimin depression, but the direction of progradation was from northwest to 

south. Shallow lacustrine deposits of green and gray mudstone 

and thin sandstone represent the Dongying Formation in the 

Chezhen (Chenzheng) and Zhanhua (Zhanghua) depressions. 

Local subaerial exposure of these mudstone beds in the Dongying Formation formed minor red beds.

Figure 10 (facing page). Burial history and hydrocarbon 

generation model for the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan 

Total Petroleum System in the Bozhong subbasin of the Bohaiwan 

basin. Abbreviations: Miss., Mississippian; Penn., Pennsylvanian; 

P, Paleocene; E, Eocene; O, Oligocene; M, Miocene; Pl, Pliocene 

and Quaternary; t=0, present day.
22 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Regional Post-Paleogene Uplift and Guantao 

Formation Overburden

A brief period of regional uplift and erosion at the end of 

the Oligocene produced a basinwide unconformity between 

syn-rift Paleogene strata and overlying post-rift Neogene strata 

(Allen and others, 1997) (fig. 4). Post-rift thermal subsidence 

that followed the uplift and erosion (Allen and others, 1997) 

produced Neogene strata that were more uniform in thickness 

and facies type than the Paleogene strata. In the Jiyang subbasin, the Miocene Guantao Formation, consisting of alluvial fan 

deposits (conglomeratic sandstone), braided fluvial deposits 

(sandstone), and alluvial plain deposits (red and grayish-green 

mudstone), rests unconformably on the Dongying Formation 

(Hu and others, 1989; Allen and others, 1997). The majority of 

the fluvial sandstones in the Guantao Formation in the Jiyang 

subbasin were derived from the Chengning uplift that bounds 

the north side of the subbasin (ECPG−Shengli, 1987) (see 

fig. 1B for the location of the depressions).

Trap Styles for Oil and Gas Fields

The locations of most of the oil and (or) gas fields discovered through the second quarter of 1996 in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System are shown 

in figure 6. Also, many of these fields are labeled in figure 

1A. The trap type for many of the fields is noted in tables 1 

through 6. According to Petroconsultants (1996), structural 

traps account for approximately 95 percent of the known oil 

and gas in the Bohaiwan basin, and stratigraphic traps account 

for the remaining 5 percent.

Structural Traps

Latest Cretaceous and Paleogene extensional and transtensional tectonics in the Bohaiwan basin created numerous 

faulted roll-over anticlines (fig. 11), anticlinal noses, fault 

(horst) blocks, and tilted fault blocks that constitute the majority of the structural traps in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumishan Total Petroleum System (Qian and Chen, 1990; 

Chang, 1991; Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991) (fig. 2). Anticlinal traps 

have either four-way closure or three-way closure in combination with an updip fault-block seal. Additional anticlines were 

formed by differential compaction (drape) over fault (horst) 

blocks and buried hills (fig. 12) (Li, 1989; Qian and Chen, 

1990; Chang, 1991) and by local diapirism owing to remobilized salt-bearing mudstone (Wang and others, 1985). Oil 

trapped in the compaction (sediment-drape) anticline at the 

giant Gudao field in the Jiyang subbasin may have had a complex history of remigration that followed episodes of nearly 

continuous faulting from the latest Cretaceous through most of 

the Neogene (Chen and Wang, 1980). Locally, structural traps 

probably were modified by minor Quaternary compression and 

inversion (Zhao and Windley, 1990), perhaps causing remigration of hydrocarbons to new sites of entrapment.

Structural traps that involve large horst blocks and 

tilted fault blocks with Archean crystalline reservoirs and 

Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs are 

referred to as buried hills (Zhai and Zha, 1982; Zheng, 1988; 

ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987) (figs. 2 and 13). Zhai and Zha 

(1982) emphasized that these “buried hills” are not hills in the 

geomorphological sense but rather are simply fault blocks that 

formed during major regional extension. According to them, 

most subaerial weathering of the fault blocks predated regional 

extension and occurred during periods of uplift and erosion 

between the late Ordovician and the late Mesozoic to early 

Tertiary. Structural traps that involve horst blocks and tilted 

fault blocks with Tertiary sandstone reservoirs are classified as 

fault traps and fault-block traps (Qian and Chen, 1990; Chen 

and Zhang, 1991; Tian and others, 1996).

Stratigraphic Traps

In addition to structural traps, numerous stratigraphic 

traps are present in Tertiary strata of the Bohaiwan basin and 

consist of facies-change, unconformity, stratigraphic onlap, 

and diagenetic varieties (Ma and others, 1982; Chen and 

others, 1988; Shaui and others, 1988; Qian and Chen, 1990). 

Commonly, unconformity and facies-change stratigraphic 

traps form combination traps with anticlinal noses and flanks. 

In general the stratigraphic traps are small and subtle and thus 

are of secondary importance. Most stratigraphic traps were 

established by the end of the Eocene, but optimum trapping 

conditions probably were not established until lateral and top 

seals were more deeply buried during the Oligocene. In some 

cases bitumen seals have formed near the surface (due to the 

evaporative loss of light hydrocarbons) and trapped oil on the 

flanks of the subbasins (Chang, 1991).

Figure 11 (facing page). Structure contour map and cross 

section of the western part of the Shengtuo oil field in the Jiyang 

subbasin of the Bohaiwan basin. The entrapment of oil occurs in 

a roll-over anticline. See figure 1A for location of the oil field. A. 

Structure contour map on the top of Member 2 of the Shahejie 

Formation (modified from Editorial Committee of Petroleum 

Geology of the Shengli Oil Field, 1987). B. Cross section A–A’. 

From Jin and McCabe (1998, fig. 14, p. 356) and published with 

permission of Elsevier. Approximate line of section is shown 

in figure 11A. Cross section is not to scale. Abbreviations: Ek, 

Paleocene and Eocene Kongdian Formation; Es, Eocene and 

Oligocene Shahejie Formation (Members 1–4); Ed, Oligocene 

Dongying Formation; N+Q, Neogene and Quaternary strata.
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 23

1-8

3-5

7

4-19

6-131

5-23

2-155

6-52

-2000

-2000

-2000

-2000

-2050

-2000

-1850

-1850

-1950

-1950

-1850

-1850

-1850

-1950

-1950

-1950

-1950

-1900

-1900

-1900

-1900

-1900

-1900

-1900

-1900

-1900

oil-water contact

oil-water

contact

oil-water

contact

0 2 KILOMETERS

Oil well

Approximate line of section

Normal fault

Structure contour

 (in meters)

oil-water contact

Approximate

A

B

A’

A A’

A

Oil pool

N+Q

Ed

Es1

Es2

Es4

Ek

Es3-1

Es3-2

Es3-3

Normal fault

Contact

SOUTH NORTH

Unconformity

2000

3000

4000

5000

DEPTH (METERS)

A A’
24 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

25

25

12

10 12

+

+

A

A'

A' 10 A'

33

33

14

14

-1200 -1200

-1200

-1180

-1220

-1210

-1210

-1260

-1280

-1240

-1200

-1220

-1155

-1290

-1160

-1160

-1180

-1170

-1155

-1200 -1150

-1150

DEPTH (METERS)

2000

1000

0

Es1

Nm

upper Ng

lower Ng

Q

Ar Ar

Mz

Ar O C O _

C

_ C

_

0 2 KILOMETERS

B

A

33 Oil well

Normal fault

Unconformity

Contact, dashed where

 uncertain

EXPLANATION FOR FIGURE 12B

-2000 Structure contour, 

 in meters

Normal fault

+ Structural high

12 Oil well

EXPLANATION FOR FIGURE 12A

Figure 12. Structure contour map and cross section of the Chengdong oil field in the Jiyang subbasin of the Bohaiwan basin (from 

Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field, 1987). The entrapment of oil occurs in a compaction (drape) anticline 

over a basement high. See figure 1A for location of the oil field. A. Structure contour map on the base of the third sandstone of the 

Guantao Formation. The major reservoirs are sandstone units in the upper part of the Guantao Formation. B. Cross section A–A’. The 

approximate line of section is shown in figure 12A. Cross section is not to scale. Abbreviations: Ar, Archean granite; _, Cambrian 

rocks; O, Ordovician rocks; Mz, Mesozoic rocks; Es1, Oligocene Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation; Nglower, lower part of the Miocene 

Guantao Formation; Ngupper, upper part of the Miocene Guantao Formation; Nm, Miocene and Pliocene Minghuazhen Formation; Q, 

Quaternary sediments.

Figure 13 (facing page). Structure contour map and cross section of the Renqiu oil field in the Jizhong subbasin of the Bohaiwan 

basin. From Jin and McCabe (1998, fig. 12, p. 355) and published with permission of Elsevier. The entrapment of oil occurs in tilted fault 

blocks (buried hills). See figure 1A for location of the oil field. A. Structure contour map on the top of Proterozoic carbonate rocks. B. 

Cross section A–A’. The approximate line of section is shown in figure 13A. Cross section is not to scale. Abbreviations: Pt, Proterozoic 

carbonate rocks; Es, Eocene and Oligocene Shahejie Formation; Ed, Oligocene Dongying Formation; N+Q, Neogene and Quaternary 

rocks.
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 25

A'

A

2000

3000

DEPTH (METERS)

4000

A A'

N+Q

Ed

Es Es

Pt Pt

-3400

-3400

-3400

-3400

-3000

-3200

-3400

-3200

-3600

-3600

-3600

-3600

-3600

-3200

-3000

-3800

-3800

-3800

-3800

depression

depression

-3800

-3600

-2800

-3600

-3800

-3800

-3600

-3600

-3200

B

A

0 4 KILOMETERS

Normal fault

Unconformity

Contact

Oil pool

EXPLANATION FOR FIGURE 13B

Normal fault

-3600 Structure contour, in meters

Oil

EXPLANATION FOR FIGURE 13A
26 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Reservoir Rocks

Reservoir rocks in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumishan Total Petroleum System consist of four major 

types. In approximate order of importance they are as follows: 

(1) sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone of Paleogene age 

deposited in fan delta, deltaic, littoral, and subaqueous fan 

(turbidite) systems associated with large, deepwater to shallow-water lakes (Ma and others, 1982; Zhao and others, 1988; 

Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991; Gustavson and Xin, 1992; Tian and 

others, 1996); (2) sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone of 

late Paleogene and Neogene age deposited in fluvial systems 

(Chen and Wang, 1980; ECPG−Dagang, 1987; ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Tian and others, 1996; Hurst and others, 2001); (3) highly weathered and fractured carbonates of 

Proterozoic and early Paleozoic age deposited under peritidal 

and open-shelf conditions on shallow-marine carbonate platforms (Zhai and Zha, 1982; Fei and Wang, 1984; Horn, 1990); 

and (4) highly weathered and fractured crystalline basement 

rocks of Archean age (Zheng, 1988; Tong and Huang, 1991). 

Although shallow-water limestone reef and grainstone deposits in Members 1 and 4 of the Shahejie Formation are locally 

important reservoir units in the Jiyang (Ma and others, 1982; 

ECPG−Shengli, 1987), Huanghua (Tian and others, 1996), 

and Liaohe (Lomando, 1996) subbasins, they are of secondary 

importance in comparison to the four major reservoir types. 

Also, volcanic rocks of Tertiary age are locally important 

reservoirs in the Liaohe subbasin (Chen and others, 1999), but 

overall, they are of secondary importance. Selected properties 

of the sandstone, carbonate, and crystalline basement reservoirs in the six subbasins are listed in tables 10 through 15.

Primary reservoirs vary among the six subbasins, but 

overall, the Shahejie and Guantao Formations are the dominant Tertiary sandstone reservoirs and the Wumishan Formation is the dominant pre-Tertiary carbonate reservoir.

Sandstone Reservoirs

Oil and gas are produced from sandstone reservoirs in all 

the subbasins of the Bohaiwan basin and in most Paleogene 

and Neogene stratigraphic units. Although important Tertiary 

sandstone reservoirs are located in the Kongdian (Member 1), 

Shahejie (Members 2 and 3), Dongying (Member 3), Guantao, 

and Minghuazhen Formations (figs. 2, 3, and 4), their relative 

importance varies among the subbasins. Typically, the sandstone is highly feldspathic (arkosic litharenite, lithic arkose) 

(ECPG−Shengli, 1987; ECPG−Dagang, 1987; ECPG−Continental Shelf, 1987; Li and others, 2004) and primary intergranular porosity is the predominant porosity type.

Jiyang Subbasin

Braided fluvial and (or) deltaic sandstones in Member 

2 of the Shahejie Formation, as well as deltaic, turbidite, and 

shoreline sandstones in Member 3, are among the primary 

reservoirs in the Jiyang subbasin (Ma and others, 1982; 

ECPG−Shengli, 1987; Jin and McCabe, 1998). Porosity values 

for Member 2 sandstone reservoirs are commonly greater than 

25 percent and permeability values are between 500 and 1,000 

millidarcies (md) (ECPG−Shengli, 1987) (table 10). Other 

important sandstone reservoirs in the Jiyang subbasin are associated with the Guantao and Dongying Formations (ECPG−

Shengli, 1987; Chen and Wang, 1980). In the giant Gudao oil 

field (fig.1A), fluvial sandstones in the Guantao Formation 

comprise individual elongate sandstone bodies that range in 

thickness from 4 to 12 m and have porosity ranging from 30 to 

32 percent and permeability between 510 and 2,440 md (Chen 

and Wang, 1980) (table 10).

Liaohe Subbasin

The dominant sandstone reservoirs in the Liaohe subbasin are located in the Shahejie Formation (Members 1, 2, 

and 3) and the lower part of the Dongying Formation (Ge and 

ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Gustavson and Xin, 1992) (table 11). 

The Dongying Formation sandstone reservoirs in the Suizhong 

36-1 oil field (fig. 1A) are poorly consolidated and have porosity values between 28 and 35 percent and permeability values 

commonly greater than 100 md (Li, 1989).

Jizhong Subbasin

Sandstone reservoirs in the Jizhong subbasin are located 

in the Kongdian Formation (Member 1), Shahejie Formation 

(Members 1, 2, 3, and 4), and Dongying Formation (Member 3) (ECPG−Huabei, 1987; Wu and Liang, 1988; Li, Du, 

and Hu, 1991). Typical sandstone reservoirs in the Shahejie 

Formation (Members 3 and 4) have a pay thickness of 2 to 

4 m (maximum 10 m), an average porosity between 25 and 

28 percent, and an average permeability of about 160 md 

(ECPG−Huabei, 1987) (table 12). Oil-bearing sandstones in 

the Dongying Formation (Member 3) have moderate to poor 

reservoir properties that are characterized by porosity values 

between 19 and 27 percent and permeability values between 

<50 and 770 md (ECPG−Huabei, 1987) (table 12).

Huanghua Subbasin

Important sandstone reservoirs in the Huanghua subbasin 

are located in the Kongdian (Member 1), Shahejie (Members 

1 and 3), Dongying (Member 3), Guantao, and Minghuazhen 

Formations (ECPG−Dagang, 1987; Chen and Zhang, 1991; 

Tian and others, 1996; Jin and McCabe, 1998). Guantao Formation sandstone reservoirs have a net pay thickness as great 

as 20 to 30 m, porosity as much as 33 percent, and permeability as high as several darcies (Li and Zhang, 1987) (table 13). 

In comparison, the Kongdian (Member 1) sandstone reservoirs 

have a total thickness of about 100 m (no net pay recorded), 

an average porosity of about 15 to 25 percent, and an average 

permeability of about 65 to 294 md.
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 27

Linqing/Dongpu Subbasin

 In the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, the most productive sandstone reservoirs for oil are located in the Shahejie 

Formation (Members 2 and 3) (Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991; Jin and 

McCabe, 1998). Oil-bearing sandstone reservoirs in Member 

2 of the Shahejie Formation are commonly characterized by 

porosity values between 11 and 25 percent and by permeability values between 37 and 240 md (table 14). In addition, Jin 

and McCabe (1998) reported porosity values in Member 2 to 

be 24 to 25 percent and permeability values to be as high as 

850 and 940 md.

Bozhong Subbasin

In the Bozhong subbasin, the Guantao and Minghuazhen 

Formations (fluvial origin) and the lower part (Member 3) of 

the Dongying Formation (deltaic origin) constitute the main 

sandstone reservoirs (Gong and others, 1998; Hurst and others, 2001; Xu, 2004). The combined thickness of the net pay 

for fluvial sandstone reservoirs in the Guantao Formation in 

the Peng Lai 19-3 field (fig. 1A) is as much as 160 m, and 

permeability ranges from 100 md to several darcies (Hurst and 

others, 2001) (table 15).

Carbonate and Crystalline Basement Reservoirs

Buried-hill oil and gas accumulations that produce from 

highly weathered and fractured Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic carbonate and (or) Archean crystalline basement reservoirs are present in all subbasins of the Bohaiwan basin except 

for the Linqing/Dongpu (Zhai and Zha, 1982). Carbonate 

reservoirs of importance are located in the Middle Proterozoic 

Gaoyuzhuang, Yangzhuang, and Wumishan Formations, the 

Cambrian Fujunshan and Mentou Formations, and the Ordovician Fengfeng, Liangjiashan, and Majiagou Formations (Zhai 

and Zha, 1982; ECPG−Huabei, 1987; Zheng, 1988; Horn, 

1990; Tong and Huang, 1991) (fig. 4). The largest known 

buried-hill accumulations in Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic 

carbonates and (or) Archean basement rocks are located in the 

Jizhong and Liaohe subbasins.

Carbonate reservoirs consist largely of fine- to mediumcrystalline dolomite and bioclastic and oolitic limestone. 

Generally, these carbonates have poor primary intercrystalline 

and intergranular porosity, and they depend on karst processes 

and tectonic fractures to improve their reservoir character 

(Zhai and Zha, 1982; ECPG−Shengli, 1987; ECPG−Huabei, 

1987; Wu, 1998).

Archean crystalline-basement reservoirs consist primarily of metamorphosed granitic rocks that have been intensely 

weathered and fractured (Zheng, 1988; Tong and Huang, 

1991; Wu, 1998). In addition to having fracture porosity, these 

basement reservoir rocks have secondary intergranular porosity formed by alteration of unstable minerals such as amphibolite and biotite (Tong and Huang, 1991).

Liaohe Subbasin

Dolomite in the Wumishan Formation, sandy dolomite 

and dolomitic quartzite of the Middle Proterozoic Tieling 

Formation, dolomite and quartzite of the Middle Proterozoic 

Gaoyuzhuang Formation, and metamorphosed Archean granitic rocks are the main reservoir rocks in the large oil fields 

of the Liaohe subbasin (Zheng, 1988; Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 

1989; Tong and Huang, 1991). Although secondary porosity 

caused by grain dissolution and intercrystalline pores is locally 

important, fracture porosity is the dominant porosity type (Ge 

and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Tong and Huang, 1991) (table 11). 

Tong and Huang (1991) noted that total porosity in the Dongshengpu oil field (fig. 1) averages 3.8 to 4.2 percent, of which 

about 90 percent is fracture porosity.

Jizhong Subbasin

The Wumishan Formation is the main reservoir in the 

giant Renqiu oil field (figs. 1A, 13; table 12) in the Jizhong 

subbasin (ECPG−Huabei, 1987; Horn, 1990). The reservoir 

rock consists of algal (stromatolitic) dolomite with siliceous 

dolomite and intercalated argillaceous dolomite that has been 

highly fractured and modified by karst processes. The net 

thickness of the entire producing interval (the Wumishan, 

Fujunshan (Fujushan), and Liangjiashan Formations, and several other units) is 850 m (Horn, 1990). Primary pore space in 

these carbonate reservoirs is nearly nonexistent because it has 

been occluded during a complex history of diagenetic, burial, 

subaerial/karst, and tectonic processes. Secondary pore space 

consists of intracrystalline pores, dissolution pores and vugs, 

microfractures, fractures, and cavities (ECPG−Huabei, 1987). 

Numerous high-angle fractures and small faults formed largely 

by late Paleozoic (Indosinian) and Mesozoic (Yanshanian) 

compression cut pervasively across the carbonate units and, 

during Paleogene extension, served as conduits for circulating meteoric water and intense karst activity (Fei and Wang, 

1984). Horn (1990) reported that the fracture widths in the 

Renqiu reservoirs commonly range from 0.1 to 1.0 millimeters (mm) and that about 7 percent of the fractures are wider 

than 1.0 mm. Well logging and reservoir performance studies 

suggest that the Wumishan Formation reservoir at Renqiu has 

a bulk porosity of about 4 to 5 percent, a matrix porosity of 

about 3.1 to 4.2 percent, and a fracture porosity of about 0.6 

to 0.9 percent (Horn, 1990). Drilling records that show sudden 

drops of the drill bit and (or) lost circulation of drilling fluid 

indicate that numerous caves and cavities are present in the 

carbonate reservoir (Fei and Wang, 1984). Permeability is difficult to measure because of reservoir heterogeneity, but where 

data are available, values range from 0.1 to 100 md, with 

values as high as 1,000 md in fracture zones (Horn, 1990).

Seal Rocks

The most important regional seal rocks for anticlinal traps 

in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum 
28 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

System consist of 400- to 1,000-m-thick, gray lacustrine 

mudstone units in Members 1 and 3 of the Shahejie Formation 

(ECPG−Shengli, 1987) and a 800- to 1,200-m-thick, green to 

brownish-red and light-gray nonmarine mudstone unit in the 

Minghuazhen Formation (Chen and Wang, 1980) (figs. 4, 7). 

Secondary seal rocks consist of discontinuous evaporite and 

calcareous lacustrine mudstone units, between 100 and 150 

m thick, in Members 2 and 4 of the Shahejie Formation (Wu 

and Liang, 1988). Numerous local mudstone units (mainly 

of lacustrine origin) in the Shahejie Formation also are top 

and lateral seals for stratigraphically trapped oil and gas in 

lenticular sandstone bodies (Ma and others, 1982). Fault-block 

accumulations, where oil and gas are trapped in sandstone 

reservoirs, depend on impermeable mudstone in the Shahejie 

Formation in adjoining fault blocks and in some cases the 

faults themselves for lateral seals (Chen and Wang, 1980; Ma 

and others, 1982; ECPG−Shengli, 1987).

Most mudstones in the Shahejie Formation also are top 

and lateral seal rocks for tilted fault-block (buried-hill) accumulations in carbonates and crystalline basement rocks (Zhai 

and Zha, 1982; Zheng, 1988; Horn, 1990). In some localities, 

lateral seals for buried-hill accumulations are mudstone in 

Carboniferous and Permian formations, Mesozoic formations, 

and the Tertiary Kongdian Formation (ECPG−Shengli, 1987; 

ECPG−Huabei, 1987). Many of the Shahejie seal rocks are 

also source rocks, making them conveniently located to charge 

adjoining buried-hill traps either along adjoining faults or 

along adjoining unconformities (ECPG−Huabei, 1987; Zheng, 

1988).

Assessment Units

Two major assessment units are defined in the Shahejie−

Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System: (1) a 

Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit (31270101) consisting of 

conventional oil and gas accumulations in sandstone reservoirs 

of lacustrine and fluvial origin and (2) a pre-Tertiary buried 

hills assessment unit (31270102) consisting of conventional oil 

and gas accumulations in highly fractured and weathered Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic carbonates of peritidal to shallowmarine origin and Archean crystalline basement rocks.

Tertiary Lacustrine Assessment Unit

The Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit consists of oil, 

associated gas, and nonassociated gas trapped in faulted rollover anticlines, compaction (drape) anticlines, anticlinal noses, 

fault (horst) blocks, and tilted fault blocks. The area of the 

assessment unit shown in figure 14 encompasses all pods of 

mature source rock in the subbasins but excludes the Chengning uplift between the Jiyang and Huanghua subbasins.

Although included with the assessment unit in figure 

14, thermally immature regions having a relatively thin 

sedimentary cover such as the Cangxian uplift and the northern part of the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin may not be prospective. The Paleogene and Neogene sandstones of lacustrine 

(deltaic, fan delta, and subaqueous fan) and fluvial (braided 

and meandering channels) origin are the main reservoir 

units. Also included in this assessment unit are a variety of 

stratigraphic-trap accumulations (facies-change, unconformity, 

stratigraphic onlap, and diagenetic) and combination-trap 

accumulations. Giant oil fields (≥1 BBO) discovered in this 

assessment unit in the Jiyang subbasin (Dongxin, Gudao, 

Gudong, and Shengtuo), Huanghua subbasin (Dagang complex (Beidagang) and Chengdao), and Linqing/Dongpu subbasin (Pucheng and Wenliu) account for a combined known 

recoverable of 15.7 BBO (Jin and McCabe, 1998). Several 

major oil fields trapped largely in faulted anticlines and fault 

blocks in this assessment unit are the Bonan and Linpan fields 

(Jiyang subbasin), Wangguangtun and Zaoyuan fields (Huanghua subbasin), and Gaosheng field (Liaohe subbasin) (fig. 1A; 

tables 1, 2, and 4). This group of five major oil fields accounts 

for another 4.2 billion barrels of known recoverable oil (Jin 

and McCabe, 1998) and, when combined with the eight giant 

fields, accounts for 19.9 BBO or about 80 percent of the 

known volume of oil (24.6 BBO) of the 27.3 BBOE discovered in the basin through the second quarter of 1996 (Klett and 

others (1997).

Pre-Tertiary Buried Hills Assessment Unit

The pre-Tertiary buried hills assessment unit, the extent 

of which is shown in figure 15, involves oil and (or) gas 

trapped in tilted fault blocks and horst blocks where the 

reservoirs are Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic carbonates and 

Archean crystalline rocks. This assessment unit covers the 

same area as the Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit shown 

in figure 14. Giant buried-hill oil fields discovered to date in 

the assessment unit are Renqiu in the Jizhong subbasin and 

Shuguang (Shu-huan) and Jinganbu (Jing-anbao) in the Liaohe 

subbasin (fig. 1A; tables 2 and 3). These three buried-hill fields 

have a combined known recoverable of approximately 6.9 

BBO (Jin and McCabe, 1998). When the known recoverable 

oil of these three giant buried-hill oil fields is combined with 

the known recoverable oil of the eight giant (and five major) 

Tertiary lacustrine oil fields, the total 26.8 BBO exceeds by 

about 9 percent the known volume of oil (24.6 BBO) discovered in the basin through the second quarter of 1996 (Klett and 

others, 1997). Eventually, the known volume of 24.6 BBO of 

the 27.3 BBOE (Klett and others, 1997) and (or) the known 

recoverable of the 11 giant oil fields and the 5 major oil fields 

(Jin and McCabe, 1998) must be revised to correct the discrepancy. One way the discrepancy might be corrected is to apply 

reserve growth to some of the oil fields used to compile the 

known volume of 27.3 BBOE (Klett and others, 1997). The 

other possibility is that the known recoverable estimates cited 

by Jin and McCabe (1998) are too optimistic.
Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System (312701) 29

Figure 14. Map showing the area of the Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit of the Shahejie–Shahejie/

Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, Bohaiwan basin. Due to differences in projection, scale, 

and accuracy of latitude-longitude grids, the location of some cities and features in this figure may not be 

consistent with their location in other figures in this report. TPS, total petroleum system.

Korea

Bay

Yellow

Sea

Bohai

Bay

Luoyang Zhengzhou

Taiyuan

Shijiazhuang

Beijing

Tangshan

Tianjin

Anshan

Shenyang

Dalian

Qingdao

CHINA

This area is excluded

from the TPS

Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit 31270101

Bohaiwan basin geologic province 3127

Oil field

Gas field

City

EXPLANATION

115° 120° 125°

40°

35°

0 250

0 250 500 KILOMETERS

MILES

China

Yellow Sea

(Bohaiwan basin outlined in red)

# #

#

#

#

#

#

#

## #

#

# #

# # # ## #

####

##

# ##

#

##

# # # #

#

# #

# # #

## ## # ## ##### # # ## # # # ##

# #

### ####### ########## # #

#

###

###### ### ####

# #### ## ## # # # # #

#

####

#

##

#
30 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Figure 15. Map showing the area of the pre-Tertiary buried hills assessment unit of the Shahejie–

Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System, Bohaiwan basin. Due to differences in projection, 

scale, and accuracy of latitude-longitude grids, the location of some cities and features in this figure may 

not be consistent with their location in other figures in this report. TPS, total petroleum system.

Pre-Tertiary buried hills assessment unit 31270102

Bohaiwan basin geologic province 3127

Oil field

Gas field

City

EXPLANATION

Korea

Bay

Yellow

Sea

Bohai

Bay

Luoyang Zhengzhou

Taiyuan

Shijiazhuang

Beijing

Tangshan

Tianjin

Anshan

Shenyang

Dalian

Qingdao

CHINA

This area is excluded

from the TPS

115° 120° 125°

40°

35°

0 250

0 250 500 KILOMETERS

MILES

China

Yellow Sea

(Bohaiwan basin outlined in red)

#

#

#

#

#

###

####

#

## # ##

#

# #

# # # # #

# #

# #

#

#
Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (312702) 31

Potential Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources 

as of June 2001

Onshore

The onshore part of the Bohaiwan basin is probably in 

the very mature stage of exploration, in which all the easily 

identified anticlines, fault blocks, and buried hills at shallow 

(≤2,500 m) and intermediate (2,500−4,500 m) depths have 

already been drilled. Future onshore oil and gas discoveries 

are expected to be found in subtle stratigraphic, structural, 

and combination structural and stratigraphic traps that, for 

example, are formed by faults and stratigraphic pinchouts with 

anticlinal noses that should be identifiable on high-resolution 

three-dimensional (3-D) seismic records. Such traps may 

occur in synclines or in homoclinal structures on the flanks 

of major anticlines and fault blocks, where fewer exploration 

holes have been drilled. Small to medium-size oil fields are 

expected in these traps.

Also, there may be potential for undiscovered small to 

medium-size gas fields in the Tertiary lacustrine assessment 

unit deeper than 4,000 m in the onshore parts of the Huanghua, Linqing/Dongpu, and Liaohe subbasins where secondary 

porosity in the sandstones is as high as 15 percent (He and 

others, 1998; Zhang, 1999). Commonly the reservoirs are 

overpressured (He and others, 1998).

Offshore

The offshore part of the Bohaiwan basin, particularly in 

the Bozhong and Liaohe subbasins, has the best potential for 

undiscovered oil and gas accumulations. Many medium-size 

to large fields have been discovered in the offshore area and, 

as of June 2001, CNOOC and its foreign partners had identified 19.7 BBO of proved “reserves” (Oil and Gas Journal, 

2001). These estimated proved “reserves” probably represent 

in-place oil and include all discoveries made throughout the 

exploration history from 1980 to 2001 in Bohai Bay. The 

9.5 BBOE cited by Xu (2004) is probably a good estimate 

of the known recoverable oil and gas discovered to date in 

the offshore part of the Bohaiwan basin. Anticlines and fault 

blocks in the Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit were the 

major exploration targets in the 1980s and 1990s (Gong and 

others, 1998; Shirley, 2000; Xu, 2004), but buried hills and 

fault blocks in the pre-Tertiary buried hills assessment unit are 

becoming increasingly important exploration targets (Neese 

and Jewell, 1998; Wu, 1998). The only buried-hill discovery in 

the early phase of Bohai Bay exploration was the Bozhong 28 

field (Matsuzawa, 1988; Wu, 1998). Wu (1998) reported that 

proved petroleum reserves (known recoverable) in pre-Tertiary 

reservoirs account for about 4 to 5 percent of the total proved 

reserves in Bohai Bay; with increased drilling and high-resolution 3-D seismic data, there is great potential for additional 

reserves. The maximum depth to crystalline basement in 

Bohai Bay is about 10,000 to 12,000 m in the center of the 

Bozhong subbasin and about 8,000 to 10,000 m in the deepest 

part of the Huanghekou depression (fig. 3). Areas on the flanks 

of these depocenters are very prospective, but, as noted by 

Brad Patton (in Shirley, 2000), the reservoirs may be of lesser 

quality there.

Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic 

Total Petroleum System (312702)

Petroleum Occurrence

The Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum System is a hypothetical total petroleum system having 

Carboniferous and Permian coal beds as the source rock and 

Permian sandstones and possibly Carboniferous coal beds 

as the main reservoirs. Both the reservoir and source rocks 

are located in subcrops of Carboniferous and Permian strata 

in fault blocks (buried hills), fault-bounded depressions, and 

broad synclines.

This hypothetical total petroleum system is proposed 

because of the following developments. First, preliminary 

investigations of several Bohaiwan subbasins indicate that 

Carboniferous and Permian coal measures very likely have 

generated large volumes of natural gas that may have accumulated in Carboniferous and Permian sandstone and coal-bed 

reservoirs (Chang and others, 1981; ECPG−Dagang, 1987; 

Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Su, 1995). Second, several gas 

accumulations are recognized in Carboniferous and Permian 

sandstone, lower Paleozoic carbonate, and Tertiary sandstone 

reservoirs that are in close proximity to Carboniferous and (or) 

Permian coal beds. Examples of such gas accumulations are 

the Suqiao, Liuqiying, Guxingzhuang, and Shenxi oil and gas 

fields in the Jizhong subbasin (ECPG−Huabei, 1987; table 3); 

the Bonan oil field (Yi-155 gas well) in the Jiyang subbasin 

(ECPG−Shengli, 1987; table 1); and the Wenliu and Machang oil and gas fields in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin (Dai 

and others, 2004; table 5). Third, the geochemical character 

of many of the previously cited gas accumulations further 

supports the derivation from Carboniferous and (or) Permian coal beds (Shi and Qin, 1987; Zhu and Xu, 1988; Xu and 

Shen, 1996). The geochemical characteristics that support 

coal-derived gases in the Bohaiwan basin are listed in the following section on source rocks. Fourth, small coalbed methane projects in mined and unmined regions of the Huanghua 

subbasin have had modest success that include the drilling of 

a 1,100-m-deep well that produced gas at a rate of 6,000 m3/

day (≈0.21 million ft3/day) (U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, 1996).
32 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

Figure 16. Partial stratigraphic column for the Bohaiwan basin showing the essential elements of the 

Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System. Modified from Lin and others (1995, fig. 2, p. 126) 

and published with permission of CRC Press/Balkema.

EXPLANATION

Sandstone Siltstone Shale and Mudstone Coal Limestone Hiatus

20–250

50–120

400–600

50–300

2

4b

3

4a

3b

3a

2b

2a

5

4

1

Source 

Rock Reservoir Seal Thickness (m) Formation Unit Lithology

Series

Era

System

Taiyuan

Ordovician

and

Cambrian

Shihezi

Shanxi

Benxi

Paleozoic

Carboniferous

Upper

Permian

Lower

Jurassic

and

Cretaceous

Mesozoic
Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (312702) 33

Although these developments are encouraging, the Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum System 

is largely unexplored and will remain hypothetical until the 

Carboniferous and Permian coal beds are firmly established 

as an important source of gas for fields in the Bohaiwan 

basin. Meanwhile, all the previously cited gas accumulations 

are considered to be part of the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumishan Total Petroleum System.

Source Rocks

Coal beds and carbonaceous shale in the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation and the Lower Permian Shanxi 

Formation are the expected source rocks in the Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (figs. 

4, 16). Carboniferous and Permian carbonaceous shale- and 

coal-bearing strata in the Bohaiwan basin range from 100 to 

400 m thick (Chang and others, 1981; ECPG−Dagang, 1987). 

As many as 25 coal beds having a net thickness of 58 m and 

individual coal beds as thick as 9 m are present in the Taiyuan 

and Shanxi Formations in the Huanghua subbasin (ECPG−

Dagang, 1987). Moreover, there are 30 Carboniferous and 

Permian coal beds in the eastern part of the Huanghua subbasin (south of Tangshan) that range in thickness from 1 to 4 m 

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). In the northern 

part of the Jizhong subbasin, as many as 18 coal beds have 

been reported in the Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations having a 

net thickness of 7 to 33.5 m, with individual coal beds as thick 

as 4.8 m (Su, 1995).

Geochemical Characteristics

Carboniferous and Permian Coal Beds

Carboniferous and Permian coal beds have TOC values 

that average 58.4 weight percent in the Huanghua subbasin 

(ECPG−Dagang, 1987) and 53.9 weight percent in the Jizhong 

subbasin (ECPG−Huabei, 1987). Most coal beds and carbonaceous shale are dominated by gas-prone type III kerogen, 

but oil-prone type II kerogen also is present (ECPG−Dagang, 

1987). Similar kerogens (vitrinite and exinite macerals) were 

reported by Su (1995) for coal in the Suqiao-field area of the 

Jizhong subbasin. The methane content of 9 to15 m3/metric 

ton (T) (288–480 ft3/ton) measured in the Jizhong subbasin 

coal beds is comparable to other regions of the world where 

coalbed methane is produced (Su, 1995). Also, coal beds 

in the Huanghua subbasin are reported to have a high gas 

content that ranges from 7.5 m3/T (240 ft3/ton) to 9 to 15 m3/T 

(288–480 ft3/ton), with a maximum of 20 m3/T (640 ft3/ton) 

(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996).

Natural Gases

Natural gas derived from Carboniferous and Permian coal 

beds in the Bohaiwan basin has the following geochemical 

characteristics compared to gas derived from oil-prone 

Tertiary lacustrine source rocks: (1) drier gas (89−95 percent 

CH4); (2) heavier δ13C1 values (-31.1 to -26.4); (3) higher 

mercury content (>700 ng/m3), and higher 40Ar/36Ar values 

(>950 ng/m3) (Shi and Qin, 1987; Zhu and Xu, 1988; Xu and 

Shen, 1996). Oil-source rock correlations suggest that local 

oil and condensate in Carboniferous and Permian sandstones 

in the Huanghua and Jizhong subbasins were generated from 

carbonaceous shale and coal beds of the same age (Shi and 

Qin, 1987; ECPG−Dagang, 1987).

Pods of Thermally Mature Source Rock

Pods of thermally mature source rock associated with 

the Carboniferous and Permian coals are present throughout 

most of the Huanghua, Jiyang, Jizhong, and Linqing/Dongpu 

subbasins (Chang and others, 1981; ECPG−Dagang, 1987) 

(fig. 17). Carboniferous and Permian coal beds appear to be 

very thin in the Bozhong subbasin (ECPG−Continental Shelf, 

1987) and in most of the Liaohe subbasin except at the northeast end (Ge and ECPG−Liaohe, 1989; Li and others, 1995). 

Carboniferous and Permian coal beds in the Huanghua subbasin have %Ro

 values that range from about 0.6 to 1.1 percent 

(ECPG−Dagang, 1987). These vitrinite reflectance values are 

consistent with the primarily high volatile bituminous rank of 

coal beds in the eastern part of the Huanghua subbasin (U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, 1996). Comparable vitrinite 

reflectance values are reported for Carboniferous and Permian coal beds in the Jizhong subbasin (%Ro

=0.8−1.1), but in 

the Zhongyuan region of the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin they 

are much higher (%Ro=2.0−4.0) (Shi and Qin, 1987). Very 

likely, the %Ro=2.0−4.0 values are representative of deeply 

buried boundary-fault margins of half-grabens, whereas the 

%Ro=0.6−1.1 values are representative of moderately to shallowly buried flexural margins of half-grabens (half-graben 

terminology from Morley, 1995).

Burial History and Hydrocarbon Generation

On the basis of an estimated geothermal gradient of 

32 to 34°C/km, the critical moment for the Carboniferous/

Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum System in deeply 

buried boundary-fault margins of half-grabens is estimated 

to be in the early Paleogene (≈50 Ma) (fig. 18). In regions 

where Mesozoic strata are thin to absent or where Carboniferous and Permian coal beds are less deeply buried along the 

flexural margins of half-grabens, the critical moment probably 

approaches lower Oligocene to upper Miocene time as estimated by model studies for the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumisham Total Petroleum System (figs. 9, 10).

Overburden Rocks

Overburden rocks at the critical moment in the Dongying 

depression of the Jiyang subbasin were about 5,000 m thick 
34 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

City

TPS boundary

Assessment unit boundary

Outline of pod of mature source rock

Geologic province boundary

Subbasin boundary Uplift boundary

Bz

Hu

Lia

Li/Do

Jy

Jz

Bozhong

Huanghua

Liaohe

Linqing/Dongpu

Jiyang

Jizhong

Ca

Ch

Cangxian

Chengning

EXPLANATION

Zhangguangcailing Uplift

Erlian Songliao Basin

Basin

Bohaiwan

Basin

Korea

Bay

Basin

Luxi

Jiaoliao

Basin

Subei Yellow

Sea Basin

Taikang Hefei

Basin Qinling

Dabieshan Fold Belt

Shanxi

Plateau

Bohai

Bay

Taihangshan Yanshan

Fold Belt

0 40 80 120 MILES

0 40 80 120 KILOMETERS

115°

35°

40°

120° 125°

Bz

Hu

Lia

Li/Do

Jy

Jz

Ca

Ch

This area is

excluded from

the TPS

China

Yellow Sea

(Bohaiwan basin outlined in red)

Wudi

Jinan

Linyi

Shulu

Guan

Hangu

Anshan

Xinmin

Baxian

Renqui

Xinjin

Dalian

Lushun

Tanggu

Jinzhou

Weifang

Tianjin

Dongjia

Baoding

Beijing

Zhanhua

Changil

Yanshan

Yingkou

Shenyang

Guangrao

Shenxian

Tangshan

Huanghua

Cangzhou

Goubangzi

Dongguang

Qinhuangdao

Yangerzhuang

Chenjiazhuang

Shijiazhuang

Zibo(Zhangdian)
Carboniferous/Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System (312702) 35

and consisted of the Permian Shihezi and Shiqianfeng Formations, unnamed Jurassic and Cretaceous strata, Paleocene and 

Eocene Kongdian Formation, and Member 4 of the Shahejie 

Formation (figs. 2B, 4, and 18).

Shihezi and Shiqianfeng Formations Overburden

The Lower Permian Shihezi Formation in the Huanghua 

subbasin consists of a 500- to 600-m-thick nonmarine unit 

of sandstone and pebbly sandstone, purple mudstone, and 

carbonaceous mudstone (ECPG−Dagang, 1987). The Shihezi 

Formation at this locality is overlain by the Upper Permian 

Shiqianfeng Formation, a 700-m-thick unit of red mudstone, 

siltstone, and volcanic rocks (ECPG−Dagang, 1987). The 

Shihezi and Shiqianfeng Formations in the Jizhong subbasin 

are similar in lithology to these formations in the Huanghua 

subbasin, but they are thinner, with a thickness of 150 to 

475 m for the Shihezi and 100 to 230 m for the Shiqianfeng 

(ECPG−Dagang, 1987).

Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Overburden

Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata in the Huanghua 

subbasin are composed of the following nonmarine units: (1) a 

200-m-thick Lower to Middle Jurassic unit of gray mudstone, 

conglomerate, carbonaceous shale, and coal; (2) a 600-m-thick 

Middle to Upper Jurassic unit of purplish-red arenaceous 

mudstone, tuffaceous sandstone, and volcanic rocks; and (3) 

a 200-m-thick or greater Lower Cretaceous unit of predominantly brownish-red arenaceous mudstone (ECPG−Dagang, 

1987). Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks are as much as 

3,000 m thick along the western margin of the Jizhong subbasin, but in most parts of the subbasin they are as much as 

1,600 m thick (ECPG−Huabei, 1987).

Kongdian Formation Overburden

The Paleogene Kongdian Formation ranges in thickness from about 1,000 to 1,600 m in the Bozhong, Huanghua, 

Jiyang, and Liaohe subbasins (fig. 4) and locally is as thick as 

2,500 m in part of the Huanghua subbasin (ECPG−Dagang, 

1987). In contrast, the Kongdian Formation is considerably 

thinner in the Jizhong and Linqing/Dongpu subbasins, where 

it ranges in thickness from about 200 to 400 m (fig. 4). As 

previously discussed, the Kongdian Formation is characterized 

by conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone, and red mudstone 

of alluvial fan origin and volcanic rocks that formed during 

initial stages of rifting. In the Huanghua subbasin, Member 

2 of the Kongdian Formation is characterized by lacustrine 

deposits such as nearshore and subaqueous sandstones and 

gypsum- to anhydrite-bearing gray to brown mudstone that is 

considered to be a source rock (ECPG−Dagang, 1987).

Shahejie Formation Overburden

Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation consists of thick, 

widespread, lacustrine gray to brown mudstone deposits that 

are important source rocks in many parts of the Bohaiwan 

basin. The thickness of Member 4 of the Shahejie Formation 

ranges from about 300 to 500 m in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin (Li, Yao, and Liu, 1991) to about 1,000 m in the other 

subbasins of the Bohaiwan basin (fig. 4).

Trap Styles for Gas Fields

Gas in the hypothetical total petroleum system may be 

trapped as continuous accumulations at or near the center of 

the subbasins (basin-center gas). Gas entrapment may be facilitated by updip zones of high water saturation in the Permian 

sandstones in a manner described by Masters (1979). Analogs 

to the basin-center gas accumulations proposed in the Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum System 

in the Bohaiwan basin may be the Changqing and Sulige gas 

fields in the Ordos basin (fig. 5), located about 500 to 550 km 

west of the Bohaiwan basin (Zhang and Yu, 1998). Although 

the Ordos basin, rather than being a rift basin, is a foreland 

basin having low-dipping, unfaulted homoclinal strata, the 

Changqing, Sulige, and associated gas fields are characterized 

by low-permeability sandstone reservoirs of Carboniferous 

and Permian age, by coal-bed source rocks, and by a basincenter structural setting (Zhang and Yu, 1998; Li, 2002).

Reservoir Rocks

Sandstone Reservoirs

Reservoir rocks in the Carboniferous/Permian Coal−

Paleozoic Total Petroleum System are expected to consist 

of grayish-white, fine-grained to pebbly sandstone of fluvial 

and deltaic origin in the Lower Permian Shanxi and Shihezi 

Formations (ECPG−Huabei, 1987; Lin and others, 1995). 

By analogy to Carboniferous and Permian sandstones in the 

nearby Ordos basin, sandstones in the Shanxi and Shihezi 

Formations in the Bohaiwan basin probably are quartzose in 

composition (Li and others, 1997; Liu and others, 2002).

Figure 17 (facing page). Map showing the Carboniferous/

Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System in the Bohaiwan 

basin, pods of mature source rock, and the coal-sourced gas 

assessment unit. Abbreviation: TPS, total petroleum system. Due 

to differences in projection, scale, and accuracy of latitudelongitude grids, the location of some cities and features in this 

figure may not be consistent with their location in other figures in 

this report.
36 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

350

400

450

500

550

570

150

200

0

50

100

300

250

323

363

408

439

510

146

208

2,500

24

65

290

245 E

L

L

M

E

L

M

Eoc.

Pal.

Mio.

Olig.

E

L

L

L

M

E

E

M

E

L

M

E

L

M

E

E

L

E

L

Cambrian

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

Mississippian

Pennsylvanian

Permian

Triassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

E

Prot. & 

Arch.

M–L

Prot. Cambrian and Ordovician rocks Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks

Shi

Shan

Sha 

1-3

Ben

Tai

Plio. Mi

Gu

Do

1-4

L

E

M

Prot. Arch.

Sq

K

GENERATION - MIGRATION

PRESERVATIONCRITICAL MOMENT

- ACCUMULATION

ROCK UNITSOURCE ROCKRESERVOIR ROCKSEAL ROCKOVERBURDEN ROCKTRAP FORMATION

PETROLEUM

SYSTEM EVENTS

GEOLOGIC TIME

SCALE

(Million years)

Prot.

Arch.

Sha, 1-4

K, 1-3

Sq

Shi

Shan

Tai

Ben

Mi

Gu

EXPLANATION

Rock Unit

Do

Proterozoic rocks

Archean rocks

Unconformity

Hiatus

Shahejie Formation, Members 1–4

Kongdian Formation, Members 1–3

Shiqianfeng Formation

Shihezi Formation

Shanxi Formation

Taiyuan Formation

Benxi Formation

Minghuazhen Formation

Guantao Formation

Dongying Formation
Summary 37

In the Suqiao field (Jizhong subbasin), porosity in an 

Upper Permian sandstone reservoir at a depth of about 3,350 

m ranges from about 15 to 19 percent and permeability ranges 

from 29 to 400 md (average 200 md) (ECPG−Huabei, 1987). 

These relatively high porosity and permeability values from a 

single locality are inconsistent with continuous gas accumulation. Therefore, additional porosity and permeability data are 

required from moderately to deeply buried Carboniferous and 

Permian sandstone units to adequately evaluate the hypothetical total petroleum system.

Coal Bed Reservoirs

Coal beds also may be reservoirs in the Carboniferous/

Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum System. Dai and 

others (2004) reported that Permian and Carboniferous coal 

beds in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin contain a significant 

amount of gas pores (micropores), which could improve 

natural gas production. Such micropores, in addition to microfractures, are important for the storage of large volumes of 

adsorbed gas in coal beds (Rice and others, 1993).

Seal Rocks

The proposed seal rocks for the sandstone reservoirs in 

the Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total Petroleum 

System consist largely of Mesozoic (Jurassic and Lower 

Cretaceous) nonmarine purplish- to brownish-red shales (not 

shown in fig. 4) and widespread lacustrine gray mudstone and 

shale of Members 1 and 3 of the Shahejie Formation (fig. 4). 

The Mesozoic and Shahejie Formation seal rocks commonly 

are 500 to 1,000 m thick in the Bohaiwan subbasins (fig. 4). 

The seals in the coal beds are connate water and groundwater that keep the gas from escaping microfractures and 

micropores.

Assessment Unit

A coal-sourced gas assessment unit (31270201) is defined 

in the hypothetical Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic 

Total Petroleum System, where Lower Permian sandstone 

and possibly Carboniferous coal beds are the reservoirs. 

This assessment unit, whose boundary coincides with that 

of the total petroleum system, was not assessed by the U.S. 

Geological Survey World Energy Assessment Team (2000). A 

separate coalbed methane assessment unit may be needed at 

a later time if Carboniferous and Permian coal beds become 

a primary target for exploration in addition to the sandstone 

reservoirs. Because most Carboniferous and Permian strata in 

the Bohaiwan basin are sparsely drilled, this assessment unit 

has good potential for undiscovered gas fields. Drilling depths 

to potential traps are between 2,000 and 7,000 m (Chang and 

others, 1981).

Summary

All of the 27.3 BBOE of known petroleum volume in the 

Bohaiwan basin through the second quarter of 1996 (Klett and 

others, 1997) are located in the Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/

Wumishan Total Petroleum System. Member 3 of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, which consists of about 1,000 m of 

deepwater lacustrine dark-gray mudstone and oil shale (black 

shale), is the primary source rock. Member 1 of the Shahejie 

Formation, consisting of about 200 to 400 m of lacustrine 

dark-gray mudstone and oil shale (black shale), probably is 

the second most important source rock. The primary reservoir rocks are Paleogene and Neogene nonmarine feldspathic 

sandstone and highly weathered and fractured lower Paleozoic 

and Middle to Late Proterozoic marine limestone and dolomite. Also, highly weathered and fractured Archean crystalline 

basement rocks are important reservoirs. Sandstone reservoirs, 

generally very fine to fine grained, represent deltaic and fluvial 

deposits that flanked subbasin-centered lakes and turbidite 

deposits that accumulated in the central parts of the lakes. 

Lower Paleozoic and Proterozoic limestone and dolomite 

reservoir rocks were deposited as peritidal and shallow-water 

shelf carbonates on a stable craton. The reservoir properties of 

these limestone and dolomite units have been greatly enhanced 

by pervasive weathering and the development of abundant 

fractures. According to Petroconsultants (1996), structural 

traps account for approximately 95 percent of the known oil 

and gas in the Bohaiwan basin, and stratigraphic traps account 

for the remaining 5 percent.

Two oil and gas assessment units are identified in the 

Shahejie−Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum 

System: (1) a Tertiary lacustrine assessment unit and (2) a preTertiary buried hills assessment unit. Both assessment units 

are composed of conventional petroleum accumulations.

A coal-sourced gas assessment unit is defined in the 

hypothetical Carboniferous/Permian Coal−Paleozoic Total 

Petroleum System. This total petroleum system is largely 

unexplored and therefore is considered to have good potential for future discoveries of natural gas. Carboniferous and 

Permian coal beds are the proposed source rocks and Lower 

Permian sandstones and possibly Carboniferous coal beds are 

the proposed reservoirs. Most of the natural gas in this total 

petroleum system is considered to be trapped as continuous 

basin-centered accumulations.

Figure 18 (facing page). Events chart for the Carboniferous/

Permian Coal–Paleozoic Total Petroleum System. Geologic 

time scale based on Magoon and Dow (1994) and Magoon and 

Schmoker (2000). Abbreviations: Plio., Pliocene; Mio., Miocene; 

Olig., Oligocene; Eoc., Eocene; Pal., Paleocene; E, Early; M, 

Middle; L, Late.
38 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China

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44 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 1. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1988, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumula- tive production of oil through 1994 is indicated by (94). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; ave., average; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; A, anticline; AN, anticlinal nose; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; D, dome; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; FB, fault block; FB/s, fault block/ stratigraphic; S, stratigraphic; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 1 Shentuo (Shengtuo) 1964 ON Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); Dongying (Dong I, II, III); Guantao; Ming- huazhen S 15.9–33° 87–411 n.r. O/G; FA giant/major Oper. 834.9 (94) n.r. 2 Guangli 1966 ON Shahejie (Sha III, IV); Kongdian S 21.5–29.3° n.r. 1–2.75 O; FAN major Oper. 88.8 (94) n.r. 3 Wangjiagang 1974 ON Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) S 30.2° n.r. 0.34 O; FA large Oper. 64 n.r.

4 Gudao 1968

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II); 

Dongying; Guantao; Minghuazhen; Paleozoic carbonate

S 21.5–31° 100–150 n.r. O/G; CA giant/medium Oper. 551.2 n.r.

5 Chengdong 1970

ON

Guantao; Minghuazhen S <25.7° 53–131 0.37 O/G; D, FCA major/v. small Oper. 112.2 n.r.

6 Gudong 1984

ON/OFF

Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao; Minghuazhen

S 24–35° 1,814 0.3 O/G; CA giant/v. small Oper. 223.2 n.r.

7 Caoqiao 

(Le’an)

1971

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, 

III, IV); Kongdian; Guantao

S <10–13.5° n.r. 0.57–1.59 O/G; FAN medium/v. 

small

Oper. 15.2

(94)

1.3

8 Bamianhe 1970

ON

Shahejie (Sha III, IV); 

Paleozoic

S 13.2–24.7° n.r. 1.1–2.71 O/G; FB large/small Oper. 9.6 n.r.

9 Linfanjia 1981

ON

Dongying; Guantao S 20.2–22° n.r. 0.31–1.91 O/G; A medium/

small

Oper. n.r. n.r.

10 Bonan 1971; 1975+

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, 

III); Dongying; Carboniferous (Yi155)+

S 17.5–22.3°

Sha;

24–35°

Dong

535

ave.

0.07–2.90

Sha;

0.1–0.6

Dong

O; FB

G+

major Oper. 92.7 n.r.
Table 1 45

Table 1. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1988, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumulative production of oil through 1994 is indicated by (94). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; ave., average; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; A, anticline; AN, anticlinal nose; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; D, dome; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; FB, fault block; FB/s, fault block/stratigraphic; S, stratigraphic; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

11 Shangdian 1960

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, III, 

IV); Dongying; Guantao

S 38–42.3° n.r. 0.47–0.64 O/G; FAN,

S/fc+

major/v. 

small

Oper. 31.5 n.r.

12 Shunhuazhen 

(Chunhuazhen)

1965

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, III, 

IV)

S 39.6–52.5° n.r. n.r. O/G; FAN large/small Oper. 33.2 n.r.

13 Qiaozhuang 1975

ON

Shahejie (Sha III) S 30.4 n.r. n.r. O/G; FB,

S/fc+

v. small/v. 

small

Oper. 1.5 0.385

14 Gunan 1975

ON

Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao; Mesozoic (Jurassic ss)

S 30.4–35.4° n.r. 0.02–0.66 O; FAN small Oper. 5.6 n.r.

15 Shanghe 1971

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, 

IV); Dongying

S 31.1–37° 100–535 0.22–0.61 O/G; FB large/v. small Oper. 33.7 n.r.

16 Dongxin 1961

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, 

III); Dongying; Guantao

S 17.5–29.3° 75–375 0.32–1.36 O/G; FA giant/small Oper. 321.5 n.r

17 Yonganzhen 1965

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, III, 

IV)

S 34.2–51.1° 250–350 <0.5 O/G; FA, FB major/v. 

small

Oper. 71.1 n.r.

18 Haojia 1965

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) S 25.7–37° 295–375 n.r. O; FAN medium Oper. 21.4 n.r.

19 Lijin (Lijun) 1979

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, 

III, IV)

S 43.6–49.7° 200–300 0.1–0.2 O; FA large Oper. 29.9 n.r.

20 Kenli 1967

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II); 

Mesozoic (Jurassic ss); Ordovician (Majiagou Fm)

S 44.9–45.4°

Sha;

49.9° Ord

90–100 0.18–0.32

Sha;

0.19–0.33

Ord.

O; FCA, BH large Oper. 27.9 n.r.

21 Hetang 

(Hetan)

1986

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, III); 

Mesozoic

S 40.9–72.4° n.r. n.r. O/G; FB medium/v. 

small

Oper. 7.3 0.011

22 Liangjialao 

(Liangjialou)

1964

ON

Shahejie (Sha III) S 37–43.8° 123–230 0.16–0.20 O; FB large Oper. 55.6 n.r.
46 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 1. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1988, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumula- tive production of oil through 1994 is indicated by (94). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; ave., average; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; A, anticline; AN, anticlinal nose; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; D, dome; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; FB, fault block; FB/s, fault block/ stratigraphic; S, stratigraphic; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 23, 24 Hongliu-Ken- dong 1986 ON Shahejie (Sha II, III); Guantao S 29.3–36° Sha; 11.0–12.7° Guan n.r. 0.13–0.53 O; FB small Oper. 10.8 0.058 25 Laohekou 1985 ON Guantao S 18.4° n.r. 0.21 O/G; FB small/v. small Oper. 4.0 n.r. 26 Linpan 1964 ON Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); Dongying; Guantao S 16.5–57.2° (730) 0.05–0.6 O/G; FB, A+ major/v. small Oper. 83.8 n.r.

27 Danjiashi 1970

ON

Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao

S 11.4–12.9° 40–85 0.58 O/G; FAN large/v. small Oper. 8.3 n.r.

28 Taoerhe (Guierhe) 1978 ON Shahejie; Ordovician; Carboniferous S 17.0–25.9° n.r. 0.55 O/G; CA, BH v. small/v. small Oper. 3.6 n.r.29 Yibei 1976

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, IV); 

Mesozoic (Jurassic ss)

S 25.7–33.0° 285 n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 8.3 n.r.

30 Yihezhuang 1977

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, 

III, IV); Guantao; Ordovician (Badou Fm., Majiagou Fm); Jurassic; Permian; Carboniferous

S 29.3–31.1° 255–410 0.74 O; BH small Oper. 24.7 n.r.

31 Yidong 1971

ON

Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao

S 27.5–31.1° 50–410 1.3 O/G; FB/s small/v. 

small

Oper. 13.4 n.r.

32 Kenxi 1972

ON

Shahejie (Sha I); 

Dongying; Guantao

S 19.5–27.3° n.r. 0.97–1.62

Guan;

0.18–1.12

Dong;

1.94 Sha

O/G; FB medium/v. 

small

Oper. 32.5 n.r.
Table 1 47

Table 1. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1988, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumulative production of oil through 1994 is indicated by (94). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; ave., average; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; A, anticline; AN, anticlinal nose; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; D, dome; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; FB, fault block; FB/s, fault block/stratigraphic; S, stratigraphic; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

33 Wuhaozhuang 1975

ON/OFF

Shahejie (Sha III) S 33–37° 378–392 0.07–0.29 O/G; FB large/small Oper. 9.8 n.r.

34 Wangzhuang 1984

ON

Archean/Proterozoic 

rocks

S 57.2° 294 0.14 O; BH small Oper. 13.7 n.r.

35 Ninghai 1964

ON

Shahejie (Sha II); 

Dongying

S 30.4–33.4° 387 0.23–0.25 O; FB medium Oper. 33.8 n.r.

36 Pingfangwang 1966

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, IV); 

Cambrian

S 24.7–31.3° 250–600 0.2–0.5 O/G; FCA,

BH

large/small Oper. 70.1 n.r.

37 Binnan 1965

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, 

IV); Dongying

S 18.7–20.3° 175–500 0.22–1.26 O; FB, FA large Oper. 53.8 n.r.

38 Shinan 1975

ON

Shahejie S 23.8–33° 150 0.11–0.71 O; FAN medium Oper. 29.7 n.r.

39 Xianhezhuang 1963

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) S 14.1–33.2° 71–382 0.15–1.96 O; FAN major Oper. 75.5 n.r.

40 Zhuangxi 1985

ON

Shahejie; Ordovician; 

Cambrian

S 15.9–39.6° n.r. n.r. O/G; AN,

BH

small/small Oper. 8.0 n.r.

41 Dawangzhuang 1972 ON Shahejie (Sha II) S 16.8–32.1° n.r. n.r. O; S small Oper. 4.1 n.r.42 Xinlicun 1966

ON

Shahejie (Sha II, III); 

Dongying

S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 4.0 n.r.

43 Changti 

(Changdi)

1979

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, II, 

III); Mesozoic

S 21.3–43.8° n.r. n.r. O/G medium/

small

Oper. 18.0 n.r.

44 Shaojia 1962

ON

Dongying; Guantao S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; S small/v. 

small

Oper. 4.1 n.r.

45 Xiaoying 1975

ON

Shahejie S 33° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 2.1 n.r.

46 Gaoqing 1978

ON

Shahejie (Sha III); 

Kongdian; Dongying; Mesozoic (Jurassic)

S 14.1–14.7° n.r. n.r. O; FB small Oper. 2.5 n.r.
48 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 1. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1988, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumula- tive production of oil through 1994 is indicated by (94). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; ave., average; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; A, anticline; AN, anticlinal nose; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; D, dome; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; FB, fault block; FB/s, fault block/ stratigraphic; S, stratigraphic; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 47 Zhenglizhuang 1965 ON Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) S 22.5–32.8° n.r. n.r. O/G; FB small/v. small Oper. 5.0 n.r. 48 Luojia (Cuo- jia) 1988 ON Shahejie S 17.1–26.6° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 3.6 n.r. 49 Dawangbei 1984 ON Shahejie (Sha II) S 29.7–34° n.r. n.r. O; FB medium Oper. 4.4 n.r. 50 Niuzhuang 1966 ON Shahejie (Sha III) S 21.0–32.8° n.r. n.r. O large Oper. 5.6 n.r. 51 Chenjiazhuang ON Guantao S <10–11.9° n.r. n.r. O/G; S/fc v. small/v. 

small

Oper. 0.657 n.r.

52 Zhengjia 1980

ON

Shahejie (Sha III) S n.r. n.r. n.r. O n.r. Appraising n.r. n.r.

53 Yangjiaogou ON Shahejie; Guantao S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G n.r. Appraising n.r. n.r.54 Jinjia ON Shahejie (Sha I) S 11.7–18.1° n.r. n.r. O/G; FB small/v. 

small

Oper. 6.5 n.r.

55 Boxing ON Shahejie (Sha IV); 

Ordovician

S 31.0–34.0° n.r. n.r. O/G; FB, A v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.

56 Pingnan ON Shahejie (Sha IV); 

Ordovician

S 26.8–31.7° n.r. n.r. O/G; BH v. small Appraising n.r. n.r.

57 Chendao 

(Chengdao)

OFF Guantao; Dongying; 

Shahejie

S 15.9–33.2° n.r. n.r. O large Oper. n.r. n.r.

58 Xintang (Xintan) ON/OFF Guantao; Shahejie S 11.0–15.1° n.r. n.r. O; S/fc v. small Appraising n.r. n.r.59 Taiping ON Dongying; Guantao S <10–21.3° n.r. n.r. O/G; FB small/v. 

small

Appraising n.r. n.r.

60 Yuhuangmiao ON Shahejie; Dongying S 21.5–34.6° n.r. n.r. O/G v. small/v. 

small

No prod. n.r. n.r.

63 Daluhu ON Shahejie S 28.9–36.8° n.r. n.r. O; S/fc small Oper. 1.3 n.r.64 Feiyantan ON Guantao S 18.2° n.r. n.r. O/G; FB v. small/v. 

small

Oper. 2.1 n.r.
Table 1 49

Table 1. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1988, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumulative production of oil through 1994 is indicated by (94). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; ave., average; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; A, anticline; AN, anticlinal nose; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; D, dome; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; FB, fault block; FB/s, fault block/stratigraphic; S, stratigraphic; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

65 Yingxiongtan 

(Yingxiongztan)

OFF Shahejie S 25.6° n.r. n.r. O; FB small Oper. n.r. n.r.

66 Dongfenggang ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O n.r. No prod. n.r. n.r.67 Yanjia ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. G; FB v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.68 Huagou ON Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao

S n.r. n.r. n.r. G; FB v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.
50 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 2. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996), Li (1989), and Gustavson and Xin (1992). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Dong, Dongying; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; negl., negligible; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields (1989)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

1 Rehetai (part 

of Panshan complex)

1966

ON

Shahejie (volcanic 

rocks)

S 32.8–33.8° 412–490 0.15 O/G; FA small/v. 

small

Oper. 7.1 4.2

2 Huangjindai 1964

ON

Shahejie (Sha Ia, Ib, 

II, III); Dongying

S

29.5–67.5°

Sha Ia;

38.4–42.1°

Sha Ib;

40–45.2°

Sha II;

39.8–42.1°

Sha III;

24–30.4°

Dong

1,000

0.05–0.11

Sha Ia;

0.06–0.08

Sha Ib;

0.04–0.08

Sha II;

0.03–0.04

Sha III;

0.13–0.16

Dong

O/G; FA small/small Oper. 7.4 63.8

3 Yulou 1968

ON

Shahejie (Sha I lower, 

Sha I middle)

S 30.4–40.6° n.r. 0.06–0.13 O/G; FA small/v. 

small

Oper. 8.0 1.1

4 Xinglongtai 

(part of Panshan complex)

1969

ON

Shahejie (Sha I*, II*, 

III); Dongying; Archean rocks *major reservoir

S 38.4–46.5°

25.7–36.6°

Sha I;

27.9–39.4°

Sha II;

37.2–39.6°

Sha III;

26.3–33.6°

Dong

694 0.07–0.62 O/G; BH, FA major/large Oper. 163 352.3
Table 2 51

Table 2. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996), Li (1989), and Gustavson and Xin (1992). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Dong, Dongying; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; negl., negligible; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields (1989)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

5 Shuguang (part 

of Panshan complex)

1975

ON

Archean rocks; 

Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm); Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, IV)

S

33.6°

Archean;

10–18.2°

Sha I, II;

13.3–20.2°

Sha III;

35.6°

Sha IV

13–292 4.56–10.9 O/G; BH, FA giant/small Oper. 131.7

46.3

Archean;

24.4

Sha II;

61.0

Sha III, IV

6.6

6 Gaosheng 

(Gaoshen)+ (part of Panshan complex)

1975

ON

Shahejie; (Sha III 

lower, Sha IV upper)

S 15.9–37.0° 111–245 0.49–0.64 O/G; FA major/medium Oper. 69.7 48.7

7 Huanxiling 

(Huanxilin)+

1975

ON

Archean rocks; Shahejie (Sha I, II, III 

upper, III middle/lower, IV)

S 39.0°

Archean;

10.0–17.9°

Sha I;

 12.2–31.3°

Sha II;

35.0°

Sha III upper;

14.5–43.6°

Sha III 

middle/

lower;

30.4–36.6°

Sha IV

19–1,282

0.15–0.34

Sha I;

0.05–0.27

Sha II;

0.29

Sha III upper;

0.02–0.13

Sha III 

middle/lower

O/G; FB giant/medium Oper. 320.6 136.8
52 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 2. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996), Li (1989), and Gustavson and Xin (1992). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Dong, Dongying; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; negl., negligible; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields (1989)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 8 Shuangtaizi (part of Panshan complex) 1970 ON Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); Dongying S 35.2–79.7° Sha I, II; 43.8° Sha III; 43.8° Dong 1,110 0.06–0.24 Sha I, II; 0.11–0.15 Sha III O/G; FA medium/me- dium Oper. 25.2 136.8 9 Niuju 1974 ON Shahejie (Sha I upper, Sha I middle, Sha I lower, Sha II); Dongying S 49.9–>86.2° Sha I upper; 46.5–>86.2°

Sha I middle;

33.8–>86.2°

Sha I lower;

 >86.2°

Sha II;

49.7–>86.2°

Dong

1,055

0.09

Sha I upper;

0.03–0.13

Sha I middle;

0.03

Sha I lower;

0.04

Sha II;

0.07–0.13

Dong

O/G; FA medium/medium Oper. 23.5 72.9

10 Qinglongtai 1980

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, Sha 

III upper, Sha III middle); Dongying

S 15.6° 

Sha I;

19.7°

Sha III upper;

17.6–37.8°

Sha III 

middle;

36.8°

Dong

236 0.09–0.26 O/G; FA small/small Oper. 12.5 negl.

11 QianjingDamintun 

(part of Shenyang complex)

1965

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, Sha 

III, Sha III-IV)

S 19.0–39.0°

19.7°

Sha III-IV 

564–755 0.05–0.14 O/G; FA large/small Oper. 9.6 6.3
Table 2 53

Table 2. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996), Li (1989), and Gustavson and Xin (1992). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Dong, Dongying; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; negl., negligible; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields (1989)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

12 Fahaniu (part 

of Shenyang complex)

1974

ON

Shahejie (Sha III); 

Archean rocks

S 35.0–41.1° 703 <0.1 O/G; FA, BH medium/v. 

small

Oper. 1.4 3.6

13 Jinganbu, 

Jinganpu, Jingbei (Jinganbao) (part of Shenyang complex)

1973

ON

Archean rocks; 

Middle Proterozoic; Shahejie; Dongying

S 19.2–35° n.r. n.r. O/G; FA, BH giant/v. small Oper. 97.7 0.140

14 Dawa 1987

ON

Dongying S 20.7–37.0° 203–888 n.r. O/G; FB large/v. small Oper. 7.6 1.7

15 Shuangnan 

(Shunagnan) (part of Panshan complex)

ON Shahejie S 39.4° n.r. n.r. G; FB small No prod. n.r. 6.3

16 Niuxingtuo 

(part of Panshan complex)

ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; FB small Oper. 5.4 n.r.

17 Haiwaihe ON Dongying S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; FB large/v. small Oper. 13.2 3.218 Dapingfang 1965+

ON

Shahejie; Dongying S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; FB v. small/v. 

small

Oper. 1.1 n.r.

19 Lejiapu 

(Lengjiapu) (part of Panshan complex)

ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; FA large Oper. 0.798 negl.

20 Biantai (part of 

Shenyang complex)

ON Archean rocks; 

Shahejie

S 36.0° n.r. n.r. OG; FB small/v. 

small

Oper. 6.4 0.490
54 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 2. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996), Li (1989), and Gustavson and Xin (1992). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Dong, Dongying; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; negl., negligible; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special reference: +, Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields (1989)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 21 Rongxingtun ON Shahejie; Dongying S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; FA small/small Oper. 2.1 10.4 22 Xinxi (Xingxi) (part of Shenyang complex) ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 6.3 8.9 23 Ziyutou ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; FB small/v. small Oper. n.r. n.r. 24 Xiaowa ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r.

O small Oper. n.r. n.r.

25 Taoyuan ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r.

O small No prod. n.r. n.r.

26 Erlitouzi ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r.

O medium No prod. n.r. n.r.

27 Taiyangdao ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r.

O v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.

28 Suizhong 36-1 1987

OFF

Dongying S 10–19° low n.r. O; CA major n.r. n.r. n.r.
Table 3 55

Table 3. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1992, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumulative production through 1984 is indicated by (84). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; C, Carboniferous strata; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio, and Sulfur (percent): Fm, formation; Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; A, anticline; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational; Devel., being developed. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Shi and Qin (1987); #, Zhao and others (1987); Δ, Qin and others (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

1 Renqiu 1975

ON

Middle Proterozoic 

(Wumishan Fm);

Cambrian (Fujunshan 

Fm);

Ordovician (Majiagou 

Fm)

S 27.9°

29.9°28.9°

2023

172

0.32

0.2

0.17

O; BH giant Oper. 629.8

7.7

n.r.n.r.

2 Yongqing 

(includes Liuqiying)

1978

ON

Middle Proterozoic 

(Wumishan Fm); Ordovician (Majiagou and Fengfeng Fms)

S 51.8° 222 0.02 O/G; BH v. small/v. 

small

Oper. 2.1 1.9

3 Longhuzhuang 1977

ON

Ordovician (Majiagou 

Fm)

S 36.4° 12 0.05 O; BH small Oper. 18.6 n.r.

4 Nanmeng 1976

ON

Cambrian (Fujunshan, 

Mentou, Changxia Fms); Ordovician (Majiagou Fm); Shahejie

S 39.8°

Fujunshan;

40.4°

Mentou;

46.0°

Majiagou;

39.8°

Sha

14

Fujunshan;

28

Mentou;

9

Majiagou;

28

Sha

0.08

Fujunshan;

0.06

Mentou;

0.06

Majiagou;

0.05

Sha

O; BH v. small Oper. 5.3 n.r.

5 Guxingzhuang 

(Guxinzhuang)

1979

ON

Ordovician (Majiagou and Fengfeng 

Fms);

S, C+ 46.0° n.r. n.r. O/G; BH v. small/v. 

small

Shut in n.r. 1.5

6 Suqiao 1982#

ON

Ordovician (Majiagou Fm); Permian 

(Shihezi Fm)Δ

S, C+ n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; BH v. small/v. 

small

Oper. n.r. n.r.

7 Mozhou 1978

ON

Middle Proterozoic 

(Wumishan Fm); Shahejie

S 34.2° 39 0.07 O; BH small Oper. 21.8 n.r.

8 Yangling 

(Yanling)

1977 (1976)

ON

Middle Proterozoic 

(Wumishan Fm)

S 26.8° 12 0.39 O; BH medium Oper. 33.5 n.r.
56 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 3. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1992, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumula- tive production through 1984 is indicated by (84). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; C, Carboniferous strata; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio, and Sulfur (percent): Fm, formation; Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; A, anticline; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational; Devel., being developed. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Shi and Qin (1987); #, Zhao and others (1987); Δ, Qin and oth- ers (1987)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 9 Balizhuang 1976 ON Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm) S 31.1° 28 0.21 O; BH small Oper. 11.9 n.r. 10 Xuezhuang 1977 ON Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm); Dongying S 28.0° 27.5° 23 0.21 0.40 O; FD, BH small Oper. 9.0 n.r. 11 Balizhuangxi 1978 ON Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm); Dongying; Guantao S 32.1–34.0° 19–24 0.12–0.15 O; D, BH small Oper. 17.4 n.r. 12 Hejian 1977

ON

Middle Proterozoic (Gaoyuzhuang 

Fm); Dongying (primary reservoir ?)Δ

S 34.0°

32.1°

2419

0.15 O; BH small Oper. 21.5 n.r.

13 Liubei (Liulubei North) 1976 ON Middle Protero- zoic (Wumishan 

Fm); Dongying; Shahejie; Guantao (primary reservoir ?)Δ

S 37.2°

29.3°

28 0.05

0.27

O; BH, FA medium Oper. 31.2 n.r.

14 Hezhuangxi 1982

ON

Ordovician (Fengfeng 

Fm)

S 43.4° 1,657–5,538 0.06 O; BH v. small Shut in 0.263 n.r.

15 Hezhuang 1979

ON

Ordovician (Fengfeng 

Fm)

S 36.6° 1,424–1,481 0.14 O; BH v. small Oper. 3.8 n.r.

16 Shenxi 1979

ON

Ordovician (Majiagou 

Fm)

S, C+ 38.8° 814–1,111 0.11 O/G; BH v. small Oper. n.r. n.r.

17 Hexiwu 1966

ON

Shahejie S 28.8–45.8° 759 0.04–0.15 O; FB small Oper. 3.4 n.r.

18 Liuquan 1978

ON

Shahejie S 36.6–43.2° 564–810 0.06–0.16 O/G; FA small/v. 

small

Oper. 3.6 0.259

19 Zhongchakou 1978

ON

Shahejie S 27.5° 218 0.16 O; FB v. small Oper. 1.6 n.r.
Table 3 57

Table 3. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1992, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumulative production through 1984 is indicated by (84). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; C, Carboniferous strata; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio, and Sulfur (percent): Fm, formation; Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; A, anticline; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational; Devel., being developed. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Shi and Qin (1987); #, Zhao and others (1987); Δ, Qin and others (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

20 Bieguzhuang 1978

ON

Shahejie S 33.2° 370 0.13 O/G; FB medium/v. 

small

Oper. 26.0 0.830

21 Chaheji 1978Δ

ON

Shahejie S 34.8° 652 0.15 O; FCA large Oper. 45.4 n.r.

22 Liulizhuang 1977

ON

Kongdian S 31.5° 125 0.23 O; FA v. small Oper. 4.9 n.r.

23 Nanmazhuang 1976

ON

Shahejie S 29.3° 111 0.25 O; FA small Oper. 7.0 n.r.

24 Suning 1981

ON

Dongying S 31.3° 250 0.16 O; FA small Oper. 59.2 n.r.

25 Dawangzhuang 1979 ON Shahejie; Dongying S 28.2° 171 0.13–0.29 O; FA medium Oper. 18.0 n.r.26 Liuxi 1980

ON

Shahejie S 25.0° 153 0.47 O; FB small Oper. 7.3 n.r.

27 Shennan 1979

ON

Shahejie (Sha I); 

Dongying (Dong II, III)

S 29.1°

Dong II;

20.8–28.8°

Dong III

n.r. 0.09–0.67

Sha I;

0.13–0.22

Dong II;

0.07–0.82

Dong III

O; FA v. small Oper. 0.430 n.r.

28 Jinqiu 

(Jingqiu)

1982

ON

Shahejie S 31.1° 366 0.31 O; FA small Oper. 16.5 n.r.

29 Wenan ON Dongying; Shahejie; 

Permian

S 76.3° n.r. n.r. O/G; A v. small/v. 

small

Oper. 0.578 0.802

30 Nanxiaochen ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; A v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.31 Gaojiabu 

(Gaojiapu)

ON Shahejie S 25.0° n.r. n.r. O v. small Shut in 0.560 n.r.

32 Fengheying 1964#

ON

Shahejie S 68.1° n.r. n.r. O; S/fc v. small Oper. 0.445 n.r.

33 Xiliu ON Shahejie S 22.3–31.3° n.r. n.r. O; S/fc v. small Oper. 0.043 n.r.
58 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 3. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1992, unless noted otherwise. For example, cumula- tive production through 1984 is indicated by (84). Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; C, Carboniferous strata; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio, and Sulfur (percent): Fm, formation; Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FCA, faulted compaction anticline; A, anticline; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; Field status: No prod., no production; Oper., operational; Devel., being developed. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Shi and Qin (1987); #, Zhao and others (1987); Δ, Qin and oth- ers (1987)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 34 Taijiazhuang ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; S/fc v. small/v. small Oper. 0.480 1.7 35 Wuqiang ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; S/fc v. small Oper. 0.456 n.r. 36 Yukou ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 0.308 n.r. 37 Gaoyang ON Shahejie S 33.0–34.4° n.r. n.r. O; S/fc v. small Oper. n.r. n.r. 38 Liuzu ON n.r. S n.r n.r. n.r.

O small Devel. n.r. n.r.
Table 4 59

Table 4. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Huanghua subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from oil industry compilations (unpub. data, 1996) and Jin and McCabe (1998). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilations are through about 1986. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio (GOR) and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Ming, Minghuazhen; cond., condensate; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; K, Kongdian Formation; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; O/G/C, oil, gas, and condensate; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; BH, buried hill; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Liang (1987a); Δ, Li (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

1 Gangdong 

(Dagang complex)

1965

ON

Guantao; Minghuazhen S 25.4° 267 0.15 O/G; FA giant/me- dium Oper. 290.2 n.r.

2 Gangxi 

(Dagang complex)

1965

ON

Guantao; Minghuazhen S 22.0° 171 0.17 O; FA large Oper. n.r. n.r.

3 Gangzhong 

(Dagang complex)

1964

ON

Shahejie; Dongying S 34.6° 606 0.08 O; FB large Oper. n.r. n.r.

4 Tangjiahe 1965

ON/OFF

Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao; Minghuazhen

S 35.8°

Dong

763 0.07 O; FAN medium Oper. n.r. n.r.

5 Madong 1978

ON

Shahejie S 35.4–37.4° n.r. 0.04–0.08 O; FD medium Oper. n.r. n.r.

6 Maxi 1978Δ

ON

Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; D small Oper. n.r. n.r.

7 Liujianfang 1966Δ

ON

Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. O small Oper. n.r. n.r.

8 Banqiao 1973

ON

Shahejie (Sha I) S 15.9–45.9°

oil;

49.9–65.0°

cond.

n.r. 0.05–0.2 O/G/C; FA large/medium Oper. 26.2 183.3

9 Zhouqingzhuang 1967 ON Shahejie (Sha I, III) S 34.6–38° n.r. n.r. O; FB small Oper. 7.1 n.r.

10 Wangxuzhuang 1966 ON Shahejie (Sha I, III) S 35.8° 500 0.14 O; FD medium Oper. 30.4 n.r.

11 Yangerzhuang 1974

ON

Shahejie (Sha I, III); 

Guantao; Minghuazhen

S 29.3°

Guan;

20.3°

Ming

n.r. 0.19

Guan;

0.24

Ming

O; FA large Oper. 46.7 n.r.

12 Yangsanmu 1963, 1962Δ

ON

Guantao; Minghuazhen S 14.4–19.0° n.r. n.r. O; FD small Oper. 39.6 n.r.
60 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 4. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Huanghua subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from oil industry compilations (unpub. data, 1996) and Jin and McCabe (1998). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilations are through about 1986. Abbre- viations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio (GOR) and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Ming, Minghuazhen; cond., condensate; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; K, Kongdian Formation; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; O/G/C, oil, gas, and condensate; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; BH, buried hill; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Liang (1987a); Δ, Li (1987)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 13 Kongdian 1972 ON Guantao S 12.6–15.6° 30 0.25–4.07 O/G; FA small Oper. 12.7 n.r. 14 Zaoyuan 1971 ON Kongdian; Paleozoic limestone S, K+ 21.1–27.5° n.r. 0.14 O; FA major Oper. 19.2 n.r. 15 Wangguantun 1971 ON Shahejie; Kongdian S, K+ 15.9–30.6° n.r. 0.11–0.23 O/G; FA major/v. small Oper. 29.6 n.r. 16 Xiaoji 1975 ON Kongdian S, K+ 22.8–30.0° n.r. 0.06–0.17 O; FA large Oper. 22.1 n.r. 17 Qijiawu ON Shahejie S 15.3° n.r. n.r. O; FB small No prod. n.r. n.r. 18 Duanlubo 

(Duanliubo)

1983Δ

ON

Kongdian; Shahejie S, K+ 30.8° n.r. n.r. O; FB, S/fc small Oper. 2.4 n.r.

19 Shenusi ON Kongdian; Shahejie S 27.7° n.r. n.r. O; FB, S/fc medium No prod. 5.7 n.r.20 Liuguanzhuang ON Minghuazhen S 19.2° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.21 Koucun ON Guantao; Shahejie; 

Kongdian; Mesozoic; Permian

S 25.4° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. 2.0 n.r.

22 Tanggu ON Shahejie S 28.8° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small Oper. n.r. n.r.23 Wumaying ON Kongdian S 34.8° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.24 Changlu ON Shahejie S 31.3° n.r. n.r. O; FB small No prod. n.r. n.r.25 Gaochentou ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O small No prod. n.r. n.r.26 Changjuhe ON Shahejie S 33.6° n.r. n.r. O; FB, S/fc major Oper. n.r. n.r.27 Yuesanba ON Shahejie S 31.0° n.r. n.r. O; FB small No prod. n.r. n.r.28 Dachangtou ON Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. G; S/fc v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.29 Lianmeng ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O small No prod. n.r. n.r.30 Zhaodong ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O small No prod. n.r. n.r.31 Gaoshangbu 

(Gaoshangbao)

1979

ON

Shahejie; Guantao S 22.1–38.6° n.r. 0.05–0.16 O/G; FA major/small Oper. 8.7 n.r.
Table 4 61

Table 4. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Huanghua subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from oil industry compilations (unpub. data, 1996) and Jin and McCabe (1998). The cumulative oil and gas production values from the oil industry compilations are through about 1986. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; OFF, offshore; Reservoir, API Gravity, Gas-oil ratio (GOR) and Sulfur (percent): Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Ming, Minghuazhen; cond., condensate; ft3 per bbl, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; K, Kongdian Formation; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; O/G, oil and gas; O/G/C, oil, gas, and condensate; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; D, dome; FD, faulted dome; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; BH, buried hill; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Liang (1987a); Δ, Li (1987)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

32 Liuzhan 1980Δ

ON

Shahejie; Guantao; 

Minghuazhen

S 29.7° n.r. n.r. O; FB, S/fc medium Oper. 3.2 n.r.

33 Beipu (Beibao) 1980Δ

ON

Dongying; Guantao S 43.2° n.r. n.r. O v. small Oper. 0.078 n.r.

34 Laoyemiao ON Dongying; Minghuazhen S 34.4° n.r. n.r. O; FB, S/fc v. small Oper. 1.3 n.r.35 Tanghai/

Duling (Tanghe)

ON Shahejie; Mesozoic 

(Jurassic); Cambrian

S 22.3° n.r. n.r. O; FB, BH, 

S/fc

v. small Oper. 0.239 n.r.

36 Canshakou ON Shahejie S 29.7° n.r. n.r. O; FB medium Oper. 5.5 n.r.37 Baigezhuang ≈1976Δ

ON

n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O v. small Oper. n.r. n.r.

38 Chengdao 1988

ON/OFF

Guantao and Minghuazhen S n.r. n.r. n.r. O giant Oper. n.r. n.r.
62 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 5. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Linqing/ Dongpu subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; C, Carboniferous strata; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per barrel, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; G/C, gas and condensate; O/G, oil and gas; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Xu and Shen (1996); #, Zhu (1987); Δ, Dai and others (2004)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 1 Pucheng (Zhongyu- an) 1979 (1975)# ON Shahejie S 31.1–37.0° 389–949 0.19–0.56 O/G; FA giant Oper. 192.8 n.r. 2 Wenmingzhai 1979 ON Shahejie S 22.3–29.3° 240 1.37 O; FA large Oper. 33.3 n.r. 3 Weicheng 1977 ON Shahejie S 20.7–29.3° 444 0.06–1.9 O/G; FA large/small Oper. 26.1 n.r. 4 Guyunji 1980 ON Shahejie S 33.0–35.0° n.r. n.r. O/G; FA v. small/v. small No prod. n.r. n.r. 5 Wendong 1978 ON Shahejie S 37.0–43.2° n.r. 0.22–0.23 O/G; FA major/small Oper. 33.6 n.r.

6 Wennan 1978

ON

Shahejie S 37.0–41.1° 740 0.1–0.8 O/G; FA medium Oper. 44.7 n.r.

7 Wenliu 1977

ON

Shahejie S, C+ 33.8–39.4° 356–597 0.32–0.95 O/G; FA giant/medium Oper. 3.5 n.r.

8 Wen-23 1977

ON

Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. G/C; FA major/medium Oper. 17.0 (condensate) 2.1

9 Qiaokou 1977

ON

Shahejie S 39.0–39.4° 296–477 n.r. O; FA small Oper. 3.7 n.r.

10 Baimiao 1980

ON

Shahejie S n.r. n.r. n.r. G; FB, S/fc v. small Oper. n.r. n.r.

11 Machang 1981

ON

Shahejie S, CΔ 39.0° 419–663 n.r. O/G; FB v. small Oper. 8.3 n.r.

12 Sanchunji 1987

ON

Shahejie S 33.4–37.8° n.r. n.r. O; FAN v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.

13 Mazhai 1988

ON

Shahejie S 30.0° 60–111 n.r. O; FA v. small Oper. 6.3 n.r.

14 Huzhuangji 1983

ON

Shahejie S 17.1–38.0° n.r. 0.54–0.70 O; FA, FB large Oper. 26.4 n.r.

15 Qingzuji 1986

ON

Shahejie S 31.5–38.8° 126–316 0.21 O; FB v. small Oper. 1.7 n.r.

16 Liuzhuang ON Shahejie S 26.6° n.r. n.r. O; FB v. small No prod. n.r. n.r.
Table 5 63

Table 5. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). The cumulative oil and gas production values from this compilation are through about 1989. Abbreviations: Discovery date: ON, onshore; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; C, Carboniferous strata; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per barrel, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; G, gas; G/C, gas and condensate; O/G, oil and gas; FA, faulted anticline; FB, fault block; S/fc, stratigraphic/facies change; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; Field status: Oper., operational; No prod., no production. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; v., very; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109). Special references: +, Xu and Shen (1996); #, Zhu (1987); Δ, Dai and others (2004)]

Field 

No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF)

17 Hupuzhai/

Xueji

ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. G v. small Oper. n.r. n.r.

18 Xuji ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O small Oper. n.r. n.r.19 Wenbei ON n.r. S n.r. n.r. n.r. O small Oper. n.r. n.r.
64 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 6. Size, cumulative production, and selected characteristics of oil and gas fields in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Bozhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China. [Data are from Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas on the Continental Shelf and its Neighboring Regions (1987), Matsuzawa (1988), Lee (1989), Oil and Gas Journal (1997), Shirley (2000), and Hurst and others (2001). Abbreviations: Discovery date: OFF, offshore; Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Source rock(s): S, Shahejie Formation; Gas-oil ratio (GOR): ft3 per barrel, cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil; Hydrocarbon type, trap: O, oil; O/G, oil and gas; BH, buried hill; CA, compaction anticline; FA, faulted anticline; FAN, faulted anticlinal nose; FB, fault block; Field sta- tus: Disc., discovery; Devel., being developed; Oper., operational; P&A, plugged and abandoned. Other abbreviations: n.r., not recorded; MMb, millions of barrels (bbl x 106); BCF, billions of cubic feet (ft3 x 109)] Field No. Field name Discovery date Reservoir Source rock(s) API gravity Gas-oil ratio (GOR; ft3 per bbl) Sulfur (percent) Hydrocarbon type, trap Field size Oil/Gas Field status Cumulative production of oil (MMb) Cumulative production of gas (BCF) 1 Qinhuangdao 30-1 ≈1975 OFF Mesozoic (Jurassic) S n.r. n.r. n.r. O; BH n.r. Disc. n.r. n.r. 2 Shijiutuo (Qinhuang- dao 35-1, Bozhong 5) 1975 OFF Mesozoic (Jurassic); Dongying; Guantao S 27° 1,160 n.r. O/G; CA, BH n.r. Devel. n.r. 3,097 3 Bozhong 25- 1-1 1981 OFF Shahejie (Sha III); Mesozoic S 33° 390 n.r. O/G; FA n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. 4 Bozhong 28-1 1981 OFF Shahejie (Sha I); Cambrian; Ordovician S 39° 970 0.2–0.17 O/G; BH n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.

5 Bozhong 28-

2-1

1983

OFF

Dongying S 30.0° 760 0.24 O/G; FA n.r. Disc. n.r. n.r.

6 Bozhong 34-

1-1

1984

OFF

Dongying; Guantao; 

Minghuazhen

S 39.5° 800 n.r. O/G; FA n.r. Disc. n.r. n.r.

7 Bozhong 34-2 1983

OFF

Shahejie (Sha II, III); 

Dongying; Guantao

S 36° 520 0.11–0.21 O/G; FA n.r. Oper. n.r. n.r.

8 Bozhong 34-3 1984

OFF

Dongying; Guantao S 36° 350–850 0.09 O/G; FAN n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.

9 Bozhong 34-4 1985

OFF

Shahejie (Sha II, III) S n.r. n.r. n.r. O/G; FA n.r. Oper. n.r. n.r.

10 Peng Lai 14-

3-1

1997

OFF

Miocene sandstone S 26–36° n.r n.r. O; n.r. n.r. Disc.;

P&A, 1999

n.r. n.r.

11 Peng Lai 19-

3-1

1999

OFF

Guantao; Minghuazhen S 11–21° 50–300 n.r. O/G; FB n.r. Disc. n.r. n.r.
Table 7 65

Table 7. Selected geochemical properties of source rocks in Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation.

Subbasin Total organic carbon (TOC) (weight percent) Kerogen type Hydrogen Index (HI) (milligrams of hydrocarbons per gram of organic carbon) Reference

Jiyang 1−2

1.17−3.47

—

———

——

150−400

(several values as high as 937 and 1,136)

ECPG−Shengli (1987)1Jin (1991)Chen and others (1996)

Liaohe 1.5−2.0 I and II in western sag;

II and III in eastern and Damitun sags

— Ge and ECPG−Liaohe (1989)2

Jizhong ≥1.0 (Chaheji field)

——

—

II (Renqiu field)

—

——

200−579

Wu and Liang (1988)Liu and others (1988)Gao and others (1987)

Huanghua 0.75−2.22 II — Liang (1987a)Linqing/Dongpu 0.3−3.2 II and III 394−623 (northern part)

113−315 (southern part)

Jin and McCabe (1998)

Bozhong 0.68−1.66 II — Gong and others (1998)

1Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field (1987).2Ge and Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Liaohe Oil Fields (1989).
66 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 8. Stratigraphic, geochemical, and thermal maturation data used to construct the burial history and hydrocarbon generation model (fig. 9) for the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin, China. [See figures 1 and 2 for location of the Jiyang subbasin and the burial history and hydrocarbon generation model. Asia Pacific region (03), China (31), Bohaiwan basin province (27), Jiyang subbasin (using geologic periods/epochs and other data assigned by Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of the Shengli Oil Field, 1987; Lee, 1989; and Hu and Krylov, 1996). Thicknesses of the sedimentary rocks used in the model are based on figure 2. Province geologist: R.T. Ryder; burial history and petroleum generation modeled by V.F. Nuccio, 1999. Present-day surface temperature = ~ 14°C; average geothermal gradi- ent = 36°C/km. Abbreviations: Formation: undiff., undifferentiated; m, meter; Olig., Oligocene; Jur., Jurassic; Ord., Ordovician; Camb., Cambrian; mbr., member; Lithology: ss, sandstone; sls, siltstone; sh, shale; blk, black; evap, evaporite; ls, limestone; Thermal indices and Geochem. indices: %Ro, vitrinite reflectance; pct., percent; TOC, total organic carbon] Depth to top of unit (meters) Formation Lithology (percent) Thermal indices Geochem. indices Period or epoch Age (Ma) Surface–1,400 Quaternary undiff. Minghuazhen Guantao ---unconformity--- (~300 m of Olig. strata removed) 60 ss, 40 sls %Ro < 0.5 Neogene, Quaternary 23–0 24–23 (300 m) Unnamed Olig. strata 50 ss, 50 sls Oligocene (part) 28–24 1,400–2,000 Dongying 50 ss, 50 sls Oligocene (part) 35–28 2,000–2,600 Shahejie (mbrs. 1, 2) 50 sh & blk sh, 30 ss, 20 sls Oligocene (part), Eocene (part) 39–35 2,600–3,600 Shahejie (mbr. 3) 90 sh & blk sh, 10 sls TOC = 2.0 weight percent 80 pct. type I kerogen,

20 pct. type II kerogen

Eocene (part) 49–39

3,600–7,100 Shahejie (mbr. 4) and

Kongdian (mbrs. 1–3)---unconformity---(~200 m of Jur. strata removed)

70 sh & blk sh,10 evap & ls10 ss, 10 sls

Eocene (part),Paleocene (part)

60–4990–60

7,100–8,700 Mesozoic undiff.

---unconformity---(~100 m of Permian strata removed)

80 sh, 20 ss Jurassic (part),

Cretaceous (part)

208–90

245–208

8,700–9,900 Carboniferous-Permian

undiff.---unconformity---(~300 m of Ord.-Camb. strata removed)

80 sh, 15 ss,5 coal

Carboniferous,Permian

360–245438–360

9,900–10,400 Ordovician and Cambrian

---unconformity---(~200 m of Archean rocks removed)

80 ls, 20 sh Ordovician,

Cambrian

570–438

10,400 Archean basement rocks Igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Archean >2,500
Table 9 67

Table 9. Stratigraphic, geochemical, and thermal maturation data used to construct the burial history and hydrocarbon generation model (fig. 10) for the Bozhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin, China.[See figures 1 and 3 for location of the Bozhong subbasin and the burial history and hydrocarbon generation model. Asia Pacific region (03), China (31), Bohaiwan basin province (27), Bozhong subbasin (using geologic periods/epochs and other data assigned by Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas on the Continental Shelf and its Neighboring Regions, 1987; Lee, 1989). Thicknesses of the sedimentary rocks used in the model are based on figure 3. Province geologist: R.T. Ryder; burial history and petroleum generation modeled by V.F. Nuccio, 1999. Present-day surface temperature = ~ 14°C; average geothermal gradient = 36°C/km. Abbreviations: Formation: undiff., undifferentiated; m, meter; Olig., Oligocene; mbr., member; Jur.-K, Jurassic and Cretaceous; Ord., Ordovician; Camb., Cambrian; Lithology: ss, sandstone; sls, siltstone; sh, shale; blk, black; evap, evaporite; ls, limestone; dolo, dolomite; Thermal indices and Geochem. indices: %Ro, vitrinite reflectance; pct., percent; TOC, total organic carbon]

Depth to top of unit 

(meters) Formation Lithology (percent) Thermal indices Geochem. indices Period or epoch Age (Ma)

Surface–4,500 Quaternary undiff.

MinghuazhenGuantao---unconformity---(~300 m of Olig. strata removed)

60 ss,40 sls %R

o

 < 0.5

Neogene, Quaternary 23–0

24–23

(300 m) Unnamed Olig. strata 50 ss, 50 sls Oligocene (part) 28–244,500–6,500 Dongying 50 ss, 50 sls Oligocene (part) 35–286,500–7,500 Shahejie (mbrs. 1, 2) 50 sh & blk sh,

30 ss, 20 sls

Oligocene (part),Eocene (part)

39–35

7,500–8,500 Shahejie (mbr. 3) 90 sh & blk sh,

10 sls

TOC = 1.5 weight percent50 pct. type I kerogen,50 pct. type II kerogen

Eocene (part) 49–39

8,500–10,500 Shahejie (mbr. 4) and

Kongdian (mbrs. 1–3)---unconformity---(~200 m of Jur.-K strata removed)

70 sh & blk sh,10 evap & ls,10 ss, 10 sls

Eocene (part),Paleocene (part)

60–4990–60

(200 m) Mesozoic undiff.

---unconformity---(~500 m of Ord.-Camb. strata removed)

80 sh, 20 ss Jurassic (part),

Cretaceous (part)

208–90

438–208

(500 m) Ord., Camb., Proterozoic undiff.

---unconformity---(~200 m of Archean rocks removed)

80 ls & dolo,20 sh

OrdovicianCambrian, Proterozoic

570–438

10,500 Archean basement rocks Igneous and

metamorphic rocks

Archean >2,500
68 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary inter- granular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomer- ate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 1 Shentuo (Shengtuo) Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); Dongying (Dong I, II, III); Guantao; Ming- huazhen Sha I Sha II 26–34.8 P/I 1,000 ave., 20,600 max. ss n.r. 1,990 <33.1# 17.9# n.r. 970–2,960 2 Guangli Shahejie (Sha III, IV); Kongdian 23.1–25.8; ave. 25.0 P/I; S/f 229–1,795; ave. 356 0.124; f ss and sh 5–10 15.3–22.6# 35 2,500–2,650 3 Wangjiagang Shahejie 25–30 P/I 600–3,200 0.15–0.33; f-m ss n.r. 80–100; 40.4# n.r. 1,700–2,460

4 Gudao Shahejie (Sha I, II); 

Dongying; Guantao; Minghuazhen; Ordovician

32.7–35.1 P/I 510–3,118 ss n.r. 19.3# 35 1,120–1,350

5 Chengdong Guantao; Minghuazhen 21.8–37.4 P/I 643 min.–6,930 

max.; ave. 

1,000–1,500

f ss, slt n.r. 11.0# n.r. 1,060–1,360

6 Gudong Shahejie; Guantao; Dongying; Minghuazhen 

Sha Guan upper Guan lower

20–22

33.332.1

P/I

180–450

1,009

ss 3–5 19.3# n.r. 1,000–2,500

7 Caoqiao 

(Le’an)

Kongdian; Shahejie (Sha I, 

II, III, IV); Guantao Sha I Sha II Sha III Sha IV Guan

P/IS/f

50–100

slt, ssslt, ssslt, ss

slt, marl, ls, biols, 

dolo. ls

congl

n.r. 16.3#, east; 

13.6#, west

n.r. 1,300, west; 

1,000–1,200, 

east
Table 10 69

Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomerate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

8 Bamianhe Shahejie 

(Sha III upper; Sha III lower; Sha IV); Paleozoic

35.334.531.0

P/I

1,4681,326

575

ss n.r. 8.53# n.r. 1,100–1,300

9 Linfanjia Dongying; Guantao 31 P/I 392 0.31; m 

arkosic ss, slt

n.r. 5.1# n.r. 1,000–1,100

10 Bonan Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); 

Dongying

18.4–24.1; 

21.0 ave.

P/I, S/f 100–200 ss, congl ss n.r. 15.1# 35.6 2,800–3,400

11 Shangdian Shahejie (Sha II, III, 

Sha IV upper, Sha IV middle); Dongying; Guantao

23–31 P/I 44–1,000 ss n.r. 7.3#, east; 4–6, 

central; 5.6–6.8, 

west

35 1,430–1,550, 

west; 1,390–

1,470, central; 

1,100–1,200, 

east

12 Shunhuazhen 

(Chunhuazhen)

Shahejie (Sha II, III, IV) 20 P/I, S/I, V 100, ss; <30, ls ss, ls n.r. 6.3# n.r. 1,770–2,400

13 Qiaozhuang Shahejie 15.3 P/I 151 ss 2–3 5.2–11# n.r. 3,050–3,19014 Gunan Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao; Mesozoic (Jurassic)

22–25 P/I 5–2,164; ave. 

>500

ss

tuffaceous ss

n.r. 640; 25# n.r. 2,100–2,740

15 Shanghe Shahejie (Sha I, II upper, 

II lower, III upper, III lower, IV); Dongying

16.2–22.4 P/I 11–151; ave. 

30–50

ss n.r. 12.6# 58.3 1,550–2,550

16 Dongxin Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); 

Dongying; Guantao Sha I Sha II Sha III Dong Guan

25–31 P/I 2,350–4,500; 

usually 1,000

0.08–0.15; vf-f ss n.r. 37.0#–173#

200400500300300

35 1,350–3,240
70 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary inter- granular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomer- ate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 17 Yonganzhen Shahejie (Sha II, III, IV) Sha II Sha III Sha IV 23–32.6 P/I 981–9,870 7–16 7–16 ss n.r. 14.6# 40 1,390–2,310 18 Haojia Shahejie 25 P/I 707–2,740 ss n.r. 4.9# 30–40 1,875–2,660 19 Linjin (Lijun) Shahejie 24.7–29.6 P/I 260–1,770 0.09–0.21; vf-f ss 1–10 50–80; 12.6# 35 1,560–3,400 20 Kenli Shahejie (Sha I, II); Mesozoic (Jurassic ss); Ordovician (Majiagou 

Fm) Sha I Sha II Jurassic ss Majiagou

40 max.; 28.6 

ave.

0.23

P/IP/IP/I

S/f, S/I, V

2,4861,000

ssssssss

dolo

7–10

19.7#

16#

12.1#

135# 

n.r. 1,810–1,944

21 Hetang 

(Hetan)

Shahajie (Sha II, Sha II 

lower, Sha III; Mesozoic Sha II Sha II lower Sha III

34.3 max.; 29 

ave.

31.1 max.; 28.5 

ave.

P/I

10,600 max.; 

3,280 ave.

5,424 max.; 

1,353 ave.

ss 4–19.4 250

13.6#20.1#

n.r. 2,050–2,300

22 Liangjialao 

(Liangjialou)

Shahejie 

(Sha III)

18.8–22.8 P/I 514–4,118 congl, ss, slt n.r. 50; 11.8#

70; 12#

31–50 2,000–2,860

23, 24 Hongliu-Kendong Shahejie (Sha II, III); Guantao 

Sha Sha II Sha III Guan

20.9

20

33.4

P/I

74.2

363

4,800

0.18; f ss

biols

slt; m congl ss

slt

ss

n.r. 26.7# n.r.

2,200–2,3001,250–1,450
Table 10 71

Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomerate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

25 Laohekou Guantao 33.9 P/I 557 0.1; vf biols 2.7–10, east; 

2.3–9.1 west

6.4# n.r. 1,340–1,700

26 Linpan Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao Sha Guan

12–33.4 P/I

300–400

1,000

ss n.r. 1,400; 12.4# n.r. 1,360–3,360

27 Danjiashi Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao Dong Guan

24–34 P/I >5,000 congl, crs ss n.r.

22#62#

n.r. 1,000–1,200

28 Taoerhe (Guierhe) Shahejie; Ordovician; 

Carboniferous

10–27 P/I 168 ss

dolo

n.r.

3.6#–7.8#

31.7#

n.r. 1,600–1,670

29 Yibei Shahejie (Sha II, IV); 

Mesozoic (Jurassic) Sha II Sha IV Jurassic

13.9–18.7

S/f

9.6

dolo and arkosic ss

ls and sdy ls

arkosic ss and 

volcaniclastics

n.r. 18.0# n.r. 1,840–2,800

30 Yihezhuang Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, 

IV); Guantao; Jurassic; Ordovician (Badou and Majiagou Fms); Carboniferous; Permian Badou Majiagou

n.r.

S/f, VS/f, V

core: 4.5–14.2

matrix: 8.4

core: 2.5

matrix: 80–870

ls, dolols, dolo

n.r.

30–50; 24.9#30–50; 24.9#

n.r.

1,830–2,2801,830–2,280

31 Yidong Shahejie; Dongying; 

Guantao

19.5 P/I 210–1,630 crs ss n.r. 3#–54.8#

8.7#

n.r. 1,250–2,830
72 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary inter- granular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomer- ate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 32 Kenxi Shahejie (Sha I); Dong- ying; Guantao Sha I Dong Guan 28.8 31.2 P/I 706 1,360 2,720 ss congl ss ssss n.r. 10.8# n.r. 1,350–1,850 33 Wuhaozhuang Shahejie (Sha III upper, Sha III lower) 18.3 upper; 12.5–16.2 lower P/I 261 upper; 2.3–6.7 lower congl ss, f ss, slt n.r. 16.4#–21.4# n.r. 3,200–3,800 34 Wangzhuang Archean and Proterozoic rocks 5.6 S/f, V 493 granite n.r. 200; 90# n.r. 1,470–1,670

35 Ninghai Shahejie; Dongying 19.0–28.2 P/I 300–1,800 ss n.r. 14.7#–15.7# n.r. 1,600–2,30036 Pingfangwang Shahejie (Sha II, IV); 

Cambrian Sha

21–27 S/f, V 690

biols, oolitic ls, 

argill. dolo

n.r. 17.9# n.r. 1,510–1,580

37 Binnan Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, 

IV); Dongying Sha I Sha II Sha III Sha IV Dong

25 n.r. 45–897 ss

ls

ssss

slt

ss

n.r. 12.4# n.r. 1,700–3,020

38 Shinan Shahejie 21.5 P/I n.r. ss 11–32 21.5# n.r. 2,700–2,90039 Xianhezhuang Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) 25–30 P/I 702–2,200 f-m ss n.r. 53.2# n.r. 1,780–2,96040 Zhuangxi Shahejie; Orodovician, 

Cambrian

13–16 P/I; S/f, V 86.9 biols, ss, mudstone n.r. 12# 43–48 3,000–3,100

41 Dawangzhuang Shahejie (Sha II) 15–26 n.r. 2,160–3,120 ss n.r. 15# n.r. 2,160–3,12042 Xinlicun Shahejie (Sha II, III); 

Dongying

n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 8.5# n.r. n.r.

43 Changti 

(Changdi)

Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); 

Mesozoic

17–32 P/I 11.6–1,001 ss n.r. 10# 35–42 n.r.
Table 10 73

Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomerate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

44 Shaojia Dongying; Guantao Guan n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 15# n.r. 1,930–2,02045 Xiaoying Shahejie 13–17 P/I 2.8 ss, ls n.r. 6.7# 4.3 1,900–3,04046 Gaoqing Dongying; Kongdian; 

Shahejie (Sha III); Mesozoic (Jurassic)

29 P/I 32 ss n.r. 20# 33 n.r.

47 Zhenglizhuang Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) 27 P/I 120–488 ss n.r. 12.0# 45 1,400–1,65048 Luojia Shahejie 20–23 S/f, V n.r. ss, ls, volcanics n.r. n.r. 35–40 2,000–2,04049 Dawangbei Shahejie (Sha II) 16 P/I 32.8 ss n.r. 7 43 2,850–3,50050 Niuzhuang Shahejie (Sha III) 17–20 P/I 1.5–29 ss n.r. 10# n.r. n.r.51 Chenjiazhuang Guantao 28 P/I 800–2,000 ss n.r. 6.5# 45 1,260–1,32052 Zhengjia Shahejie (Sha III) n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.53 Yangjiaogou Shahejie; Guantao n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.54 Jinjia Shahejie (Sha I) 32–34 P/I 1,056–1,653 ss n.r. 14# n.r. 800–90055 Boxing Shahejie (Sha IV) 14–17 P/I 3.7–23.3 ss n.r. 43# n.r. 2,600–2,82056 Pingnan Shahejie (Sha IV); 

Ordovician 2

P/I

2.36 dolo

n.r. n.r. n.r.

2,260–2,600

57 Chendao 

(Chengdao)

Guantao; Dongying; 

Shahejie

20–34 P/I 516–2,045 ss n.r. n.r. n.r. 1,250–2,730

58 Xintang (Xintan) Guantao; Shahejie 35 P/I 2,914 ss n.r. n.r. 36 1,050–1,15059 Taiping Dongying; Guantao 23–28 P/I 1,464–2,088 ss n.r. n.r. 40–44 1,100–1,40060 Yuhuangmiao Shahejie; Dongying 22 S/f 240 volcanics n.r. n.r. 45 2,060–2,55063 Daluhu Shahejie 16 P/I 3–15 ss n.r. 27.2# n.r. 2,800–3,30064 Feiyantan Guantao 35 P/I 6,367 ss n.r. 7.5# 32 1,200–1,34065 Yingxiongtan Shahejie 23 P/I 101.2 ss n.r. n.r. 44 2,000–2,10066 Dongfenggang n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.67 Yanjia Shahejie 27.7 P/I 95 ss n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.
74 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 10. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jiyang subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; ss, sandstone; Fm, formation; Porosity type: P/I, primary inter- granular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; S/I, secondary intergranular porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; ss, sandstone; sh, shale; slt, siltstone; marl, marlstone; ls, limestone; biols, bioclastic limestone; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite; congl, conglomer- ate; sdy ls, sandy limestone; argill. dolo, argillaceous dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max., maximum; min., minimum] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 68 Huagou Shahejie; Dongying; Guantao n.r. P/I n.r. ss n.r. 7.0# n.r. 750–1,310
Table 11 75

Table 11. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Fm, formation; Prot, Proterozoic; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Arch/Prot, Archean and Proterozoic; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; m-crs, medium to coarse grained; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

1 Rehetai Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); 

volcanic rocks Sha I Sha II Sha III Sha I lower-Sha II Sha I middle Sha III lower volcanic rocks

25.927.822.3

20.3–24.9

P/I

1,1721,682

595

1–16

1.52–1.77; m-crs 

ssssssss

n.r. 7.9#

33.1#

n.r. 1,950–2,675

2 Huangjindai Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); 

Dongying Sha Ia Sha Ib Sha I Sha II Sha III Dong

24.320.116.315.824.4

P/I; S/f

537322213

1.59

513

0.1–0.44; vf-m ss 11–17 11.8#

576–1,275

184–293

374

540–1,269

n.r. 1,590–2,750

3 Yulou Shahejie (Sha I lower, Sha 

I middle)

19.6–22.0 P/I 204–2,824 0.286–0.316; m ss 0.3–2.3; 0.94 

ave.

50–70, 10.8# n.r. 1,880–2,790

4 Xinglongtai Archean rocks; Shahejie 

(Sha I, II, III); Dongying Archean Sha I Sha II Sha III Dong

1.3–11.6

26.018.615.725.7

P/I

<1

4,4101,789

26

209

0.187–0.543; 

f-crs ss 

n.r. 13.6#

100–250300–400200–400

400

n.r. 1,200–2,800 
76 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 11. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Fm, formation; Prot, Proterozoic; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Arch/Prot, Archean and Proterozoic; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; m-crs, medium to coarse grained; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 5 Shuguang Archean/Proterozoic rocks; Middle Protero- zoic (Wumishan Fm); Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, IV) Archean/Prot Sha Sha I lower Sha II Sha III Sha IV 31.5 25–30 19.9–27.3 P/I, Sha; S/f, Arch/Prot 354 336 476–1,284 0.325; m ss 0.512; crs ss 0.09–0.236; vf-f ss n.r. 173# 4#–33# 50–250 50–120 600 n.r. 700–2,400 

6 Gaosheng Shahejie (Sha III, IV) 5.2–39.4; 20–25 

ave.

P/I 1–20,675; 

1,000–3,000 

ave.

0.38–0.49; m ss 10–20 60–100; 67.6# n.r. 1,300–1,700

7 Huanxiling Archean rocks; Shahejie 

(Sha I, II, III, IV) Archean Sha I Sha II Sha III Sha III upper Sha III middle Sha III lower Sha IV

3.2

21.3–29.0

19.213.8

P/I

S/f, V <1

659–2,201

302

85

congl, congl ss, ss

granite

0.32; m ss

0.305; m ss

0.31; m ss

n.r. 36.2#

150–350100–300300–800

0–500

n.r.

2,500–2,800

1,200

1,000–2,0001,700–2,5001,400–2,7002,000–2,2002,100–2,850

8 Shuangtaizi Shahejie (Sha I, II, III); 

Dongying Sha I lower-II Sha II Sha III

4.0–28.1; 17.0 

ave.

3.4–20.8; 13.0 

ave.

P/I

1–20,031; 282 

ave.

1–275; 15.4 

ave. 

0.349–0.40; m ss

congl ss and sandy 

congl

ss and congl ss

n.r. 30.2# 

60–200

1,000

n.r. 2,300–2,800
Table 11 77

Table 11. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Fm, formation; Prot, Proterozoic; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Arch/Prot, Archean and Proterozoic; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; m-crs, medium to coarse grained; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

9 Niuju Shahejie (Sha I, II); 

Dongying Sha I upper; Sha I middle Sha I lower Sha II Dong

18.218.812.313.322.5

P/I

99

246

5037

1,501

0.29; m ss0.34; m ss0.28; m ss0.43; m ss

0.37; m ss, congl 

ss

2–5 33#

60

1,000

n.r. 945–3,266

10 Qinglongtai Shahejie (Sha I, III); 

Dongying Sha I Sha III Dong

25.9

19.8–23.5

P/I

1,055

1,092–4,191 

0.2–0.8; f–crs ss; 

congl ss

20 oil; 3.2 gas 20#

200250650

n.r. 1,280–1,870

11 QianjingDamintun Shahejie (Sha I, III, IV) Sha I 

Sha III Sha III lower Sha III upper Sha IV

14–2018–23

P/I

100–1,000

100–650

ss

0.3–0.7; m-crs ss

0.1–0.35; vf-m ss

4–46.5 21#

360–650

525–1,103

35–264

n.r. 1,773–2,158

12 Fahaniu Archean rocks; Shahejie 

(Sha III)

7.6–22.3 P/I 10–890 0.07–0.84; vf-crs 

ss

0.6–6.8 17.3# n.r. 1,420–2,708
78 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 11. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Fm, formation; Prot, Proterozoic; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Arch/Prot, Archean and Proterozoic; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; m-crs, medium to coarse grained; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 13 Jinganbu (Jin- ganbao) Archean/Proterozoic rocks; Middle Protero- zoic rocks (Jinganbu Fm); Shahejie (Sha III); Dongying Archean Jinganbu Sha 

Sha III Dong

3.84.8

4.8–35.7; 16–22 

ave.

S/f, V

P/I

26

0.3

1–27,998; 

171–1,774 ave.

amphibolite and 

granulite

dolo and metaargillite

0.2–0.4; f-m ss 2–5

n.r. n.r.

2,450–3,4501,078–2,844

2,600

14 Dawa Dongying 25 P/I 721 0.16; f ss 1.5–40 27.5# n.r. 1,700–2,80015 Shuangnan 

(Shunagnan)

Shahejie 12.8 n.r. 40 ss n.r. 13.0# 35 3,150–3,380

16 Niuxingtuo Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 20–60# n.r. 1,500–2,20017 Haiwaihe Dongying n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 20.6# n.r. 1,600–2,40018 Dapingfang Shahejie; Dongying 30 P/I 29–4,582 ss n.r. 15.4# n.r. 1,300–2,35019 Lejiapu (Lenjiapu) Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. f ss n.r. 20.1–40.7#, oil; 7.1#, gas n.r. 1,300–2,80020 Biantai Archean rocks; Shahejie 

Archean Shahejie

6.8–21.1

S/f, V

P/I

91–761

metamorphic 

rocks

ss

n.r. 53.4# n.r. 1,480–2,400

21 Rongxingtun Shahejie; Dongying 22 n.r. n.r. ss 1.0–2.5 4.5# n.r. 1,600–3,20022 Xinxi (Xingxi) Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 11.7# n.r. 1,670–2,24023 Ziyutou Shahejie n.r. P/I, S/f n.r. ss n.r. 11.7# n.r. 1,670–2,24024 Xiaowa n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.25 Taoyuan n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.
Table 11 79

Table 11. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Liaohe subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Fm, formation; Prot, Proterozoic; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; Arch/Prot, Archean and Proterozoic; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; m-crs, medium to coarse grained; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate; congl ss, conglomeratic sandstone; dolo, dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

26 Erlitouzi n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.27 Taiyangdao n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.28 Suizhong 36–1 Dongying 28–35 P/I 0.01–5,000 ss n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.
80 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 12. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Porosity type: S/IC, secondary intercrystalline porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; P/I, primary intergranular porosity; P/IC, primary intercrystalline porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; dolo, dolomite; ls, limestone; calc. dolo, calcareous dolomite; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; cm, centimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 1 Renqiu Middle Proterozoic (Wu- mishan Fm); Cambrian (Fujunshan Fm); Ordo- vician (Majiagou Fm) Wumishan Fujunshan Majiagou 64.35 S/IC; S/f; V S/IC; S/f; V S/IC; S/f; V 1,253 1,288 296 algal dolo dolo ls and dolo 2,341 41–56 270# 30# 32.2# n.r. 3,250 3,227 3,440 2 Yongqing Middle Proterozoic (Wu- mishan Fm); Ordovi- cian (Fengfeng and Majiagou Fms) 0.09–5.7 P/I 0.85 ave. dolo and ls n.r. 24.9# n.r. 2,000–2,080

3 Longhuzhuang Ordovician (Majiagou Fm) 1.87–4.06 P/I; S/f; V 0.88–20 dolo and ls n.r. n.r. 1,966–2,2754 Nanmeng Cambrian (Fujunshan, 

Mentou and Changxia Fms); Ordovician (Majiagou Fm); Shahejie Fujunshan Mentou Changxia Majiagou Shahejie 17.1

P/I

223

1,087

110

dolo

oolitic ls

dolo. ls, calc. dolo

dolo

f ss

n.r. 42–49.3# n.r. 1,842–2,036

5 Guxingzhuang 

(Guxinzhuang)

Ordovician (Fengfeng and 

Majiagou Fms)

n.r. S/f n.r. dolo and ls n.r. 15.8# n.r. 3,300–3,500

6 Suqiao Ordovician (Majiagou Fm) n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.7 Mozhou Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm); Shahejie 

Wumishan Shahejie

2.8–3.1

16

P/I

5.1–9.3 dolo

ss 2.3

128.9# n.r. 4,060–4,410

8 Yangling 

(Yanling)

Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm) 1.16–1.55 P/I; P/IC; S/f; V 1.5–90 dolo n.r. 86.0# n.r. 2,840–3,090

9 Balizhuang Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm) 6 P/I; S/f; V 138 dolo n.r. 81.0# n.r. 2,580–2,750
Table 12 81

Table 12. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Porosity type: S/IC, secondary intercrystalline porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; P/I, primary intergranular porosity; P/IC, primary intercrystalline porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; dolo, dolomite; ls, limestone; calc. dolo, calcareous dolomite; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; cm, centimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

10 Xuezhuang Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm); Dongying 

Wumishan Dong

6

23

P/I; S/f; V

129

59–250

dolo

ss

n.r. 79# n.r. 2,820–3,000

11 Balizhuangxi Middle Proterozoic (Wumishan Fm); Dongying; 

Guantao Wumishan Dong Guan

21

8.4–24.5

P/I; S/f; V

190

8.9–4,900

dolo

n.r. 126.0# n.r. 3,760–4,050

12 Hejian Middle Proterozoic 

(Gaoyuzhuang Fm); Dongying Gaoyuzhuang Dong

8.4–24.5

21

P/I; S/f; V

8.9–4,900

190

dolo and quartzite

ss

n.r. 150–180

49#

13.4#

n.r.

2,290–2,4502,000–2,400

13 Liubei (Liulubei North) Middle Proterozoic (Wu- mishan Fm); Shahejie; 

Dongying; Guantao; Wumishan Sha Dong Guan

2.3–4.8

29

P/I; S/f; V

156, core; 

10–30, matrix

294–8,330, core

dolo

ss

n.r.

116#

5.1#

n.r.

3,220–3,450

2,120

14 Hezhuangxi Ordovician (Fengfeng Fm) 6 P/I; S/f; V 8.5 ls and dolo n.r. 160; 20.2# n.r. 3,540–3,77015 Hezhuang Ordovician (Fengfeng Fm) 6–9 P/I; S/f; V 50 dolo and ls n.r. 429–14.0# n.r. 3,200–3,30016 Shenxi Ordovician (Majiagou Fm) 5 P/I; S/f; V 65 dolo and ls n.r. 44.9# n.r. 3,750–4,10017 Hexiwu Shahejie (Sha II, III) 

Sha II Sha III lower Sha III upper

18.6–20.3

22.1

24.6–28.9

P/I

30–90

25

160–190

ss (lithic arenite) n.r. 220–1,374; 6# n.r. 2,600–3,200

18 Liuquan Shahejie 17–27.2 P/I 9–280 0.079; vf ss (lithic 

arkose)

0.6–10.8; 2–4 

ave.

1,000; 9# n.r. 1,000–3,200
82 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 12. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Porosity type: S/IC, secondary intercrystalline porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; P/I, primary intergranular porosity; P/IC, primary intercrystalline porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; dolo, dolomite; ls, limestone; calc. dolo, calcareous dolomite; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; cm, centimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 19 Zhongchakou Shahejie 14.0 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 7.2# n.r. 1,320–1,720 20 Bieguzhuang Shahejie 28 P/I 165, core; 42, matrix <0.1; vf ss 15–35, flank; 40–70, top 103; 36# n.r. 1,200–1,600 21 Chaheji Shahejie n.r. P/I n.r. ss 0.6–9.8; 2.6 ave. 200–400; 6.9–16.2# n.r. 2,700 22 Liulizhuang Kongdian 10 P/I 417 0.5–10 cm; 2–3 cm ave.; pebble congl/congl n.r. 8.0# n.r. 2,660–2,860 23 Nanmazhuang Shahejie 21.6 P/I 113 0.105; vf ss (arkose) 2–3 6.3# n.r. 1,830–2,220

24 Suning Dongying 17–20 P/I 14–170 0.095; vf ss 4–6 600; 6.9# n.r. 2,800–3,40025 Dawangzhuang Shahejie; Dongying Sha 

Dong

11.1–21.6

8.7–23.2

P/I

30–67; 49 ave.

1.4–370

ss

0.5–2.950.8–2.25

16.7# n.r. 3,200

26 Liuxi Shahejie 16–18 P/I 60–70 0.13; vf ss (arkose) 4 25.0# n.r. 3,08027 Shennan Shahejie; Dongying 

Dong

14.7–26.1 P/I 42–710 ss 8.3 44.6#

271

25–41 2,400–3,000

28 Jinqiu Shahejie 13.9–18.2 P/I 1.6–110 0.088–0.100; vf ss 4.12 200; 30# 30–57 3,15029 Wenan Dongying; Shahejie; 

Permian

20 P/I; S/f 499 ss n.r. 5.7# n.r. 1,940–2,700

30 Nanxiaochen Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.31 Gaojiabu 

(Gaojiapu)

Shahejie 15 n.r. 49 ss n.r. 6.0# 40 1,650–1,700

32 Fengheying Shahejie 14–20 P/I 21–49 ss n.r. 8.5# 35–40 1,400–2,78033 Xiliu Shahejie 10–18 P/I 3,130–3,366 ss n.r. 10–14.9# 40 3,180–3,34034 Taijiazhuang Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 9.5# 50 2,960–3,05035 Wuqiang Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 15.0# n.r. 2,800–3,39036 Yukou Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. 15# n.r. 2,250–2,90037 Gaoyang Shahejie 15–20 P/I 23–143 ss n.r. 8.9# 49 2,510–2,760
Table 12 83

Table 12. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Jizhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; Sha, Shahejie; Fm, formation; Porosity type: S/IC, secondary intercrystalline porosity; S/f, fracture porosity; V, vuggy porosity; P/I, primary intergranular porosity; P/IC, primary intercrystalline porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; dolo, dolomite; ls, limestone; calc. dolo, calcareous dolomite; dolo. ls, dolomitic limestone; ss, sandstone; congl, conglomerate. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; cm, centimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

38 Liuzu n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.
84 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 13. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Huanghua subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from oil industry compilations (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Guan, Guantao; Ming, Minghuazhen; Kong, Kongdian; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular poros- ity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; vf-f, very fine to fine grained; ss, sandstone; slt, siltstone; biols, bioclastic limestone; ls, limestone. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 1 Gangdong Guantao; Minghuazhen 32 P/I 4.4–17.6 0.17; f ss 15 1,000; 15# 35 2,600 2 Gangxi Guantao; Minghuazhen 31 P/I 834 0.11; vf ss n.r. 1,000; 14.5# 40 602–1,673 3 Gangzhong Shahejie; Dongying 21 P/I 2–1,194; 67 ave. 0.081; vf ss n.r. 200–400; 8.8# 40 1,900–3,050 4 Tangjiahe Shahejie; Guantao; Dong- ying; Minghuazhen 27 P/I 306 0.05–0.32; slt, m ss n.r. 19.5# n.r. 1,690–3,260 5 Madong Shahejie 9.0–19.7 P/I 49–523 0.117–0.158; vf-f ss 13–16 220–240; 33.4# n.r. 3,788–4,015 6 Maxi Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. 7 Liujianfang Shahejie n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.

8 Banqiao Shahejie (Sha I) 

Sha I

21 P/I 99 ss

ss

n.r. 1,656; 8.3# n.r. 2,436–4,092

9 Zhouqingzhuang Shahejie (Sha I, III) Sha I 

Sha III

13.5 P/I 6 0.1–0.7; vf-crs ss

oolitic ss

ss

5–8 7.6#

60–160

150–450

n.r. 2,500–3,100

10 Wangxuzhuang Shahejie (Sha I, III) Sha I 

Sha III

2526

P/I

204994

biols

ss

4–6 8.4# n.r. 2,030–2,540

11 Yangerzhuang Shahejie (Sha I, III); 

Guantao; Minghuazhen Guan Ming

4.8–10.4

 10.3–17.6

P/I

841–2,714

1,246–4,836

ss n.r. 25.2# n.r. 1,110–2,030

12 Yansangmu Guantao; Minghuazhen 31 P/I 1,475 0.159; f ss 5–8 19.4# n.r. 1,180–1,46013 Kongdian Guantao 33 P/I 1,878 ss n.r. 250; 11.8# n.r. 1,200–1,44014 Zaoyuan Kongdian; 

Paleozoic

21.9–26.7 P/I 165–1,543 0.092–0.211; 

vf-f ss

ls

20–61.5 400; 19.4# n.r. 1,640–2,280

15 Wangguantun Shahejie; Kongdian 

Sha Kong

19–29 P/I 27–626

slt

biols

3–9

14

13.9#

n.r. 1,800

16 Xiaoji Kongdian 15–17 P/I 128–197 f ss n.r. 200; 41.2–67.2# n.r. 2,700–3,10017 Qijiawu Shahejie 19 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 3.5# 40 1,920–2,600
Table 13 85

Table 13. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Huanghua subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from oil industry compilations (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Guan, Guantao; Ming, Minghuazhen; Kong, Kongdian; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; vf-f, very fine to fine grained; ss, sandstone; slt, siltstone; biols, bioclastic limestone; ls, limestone. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

18 Duanlubo 

(Duanliubo)(Duabkiubo)

Kongdian; Shahejie 15.1 P/I 29 ss n.r. 40.1# 30 2,880–3,570

19 Shenusi Kongdian; Shahejie 25 P/I 304 ss n.r. 18.0# 37 1,360–3,05020 Liuguanzhuang Minghuazhen 32 P/I 352 ss n.r. 1.8# 45 1,300–1,50021 Koucun Guantao; Shahejie; 

Kongdian; Mesozoic; Permian

26.9 P/I 230 ss n.r. 14.0# 33 1,360–1,790

22 Tanggu Shahejie 22 P/I 10 ss n.r. 8.6# 40 2,120–2,60023 Wumaying Kongdian 18.6 P/I 293 ss n.r. 7.46# 36 2,460–3,51024 Changlu Shahejie 20 P/I 30–100 ss n.r. 15.9# 40 3,750–3,85025 Gaochentou n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.26 Changjuhe Shahejie 20 P/I 44 ss n.r. 11.7# 40 2,610–3,70027 Yuesanba Shahejie 16.4 n.r. 50 ss n.r. 10.8# 40 2,160–3,47028 Dachangtou Shahejie 20 P/I 80 ss n.r. 5.5# 32 2,550–2,75029 Lianmeng n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.30 Zhaodong 

(includes Zhao Dong C-1 and Zhao Dong D-1)?

n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.

31 Gaoshangbu 

(Gaoshangbao)

Shahejie; Guantao; 

Sha Guan

13.5–19.128.9–30.9

P/I

5–354 

949–1,446

ss n.r. 50# n.r. 3,000

32 Liuzhan Shahejie; Guantao; Minghuazhen 21.5 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 10# 40 1,500–3,64033 Beipu Dongying; Guantao 22 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 10.8# 40 1,920–4,00034 Laoyemaio Dongying; Minghuazhen 24.5 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 8.0# 38 1,860–3,080
86 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 13. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Huanghua subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from oil industry compilations (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Guan, Guantao; Ming, Minghuazhen; Kong, Kongdian; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular poros- ity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: crs, coarse grained; m, medium grained; f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; vf-f, very fine to fine grained; ss, sandstone; slt, siltstone; biols, bioclastic limestone; ls, limestone. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 35 Tanghai/ Duling (Tanghe) Shahejie; Mesozoic (Juras- sic); Cambrian

5 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 6.7# 35 1,710–1,800

36 Canshakou Shahejie 21.5 P/I n.r. ss n.r. 93.3# 40 1,500–3,60037 Baigezhuang n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.
Table 14 87

Table 14. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued[Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; slt, siltstone; ss, sandstone. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max, maximum]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

1 Pucheng Shahejie (Sha I, II, III, IV) 

Sha I Sha II upper Sha II lower Sha II Sha III Sha III and IV

27.723.4

10.6–23.5

P/I

548165

37.1–241.6

f ss (arkose)

ssssssssssss

n.r. 30# n.r. 2,200–3,800

2 Wenmingzhai Shahejie (Sha I, II, III) 24–28 P/I 300–700 f ss n.r. 26.2# n.r. 1,360–2,3203 Weicheng Shahejie 14–20 P/I 2–100 ss n.r. 1,000; 18.5# n.r. 1,700–2,9004 Guyunji Shahejie 16–19 P/I n.r. f ss n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.5 Wendong Shahejie (Sha II, III, IV) 

Sha II Sha III

21.4

11.7–21.5

P/I

210

2.8–131

slt, ss 1–3 n.r. n.r. 3,100–3,350

6 Wennan Shahejie (Sha II, III) 15–20 P/I 20–110 slt 1–2 850; 19.7# n.r. 2,500–3,7507 Wenliu Shahejie (Sha II, III) 

Sha II Sha III

21.2–24.723.2–23.7

P/I

53.7–245

163–236

ss n.r. 17.2–22.8# n.r. 1,900–2,600

8 Wen-23 Shahejie 

Sha lower Sha middle Sha upper

11.4–12.411.6–13.9

8.8–10.3

P/I

3.6–3.7

12.3–17.1

0.2–1.77

0.032–0.092, slt, 

vf ss

n.r. 400

69.5#44.4#12.4#

n.r. 2,670–3,110

9 Qiaokou Shahejie (Sha II, III) 

Sha II Sha III

19.5

15–27

P/I

140

11

slt n.r. n.r. n.r. 2,450–2,950

10 Baimiao Shahejie 7.6 P/I 1.36–1.88 n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.

11 Machang Shahejie 19.5 P/I 101 ss 2–4 50 n.r. 2,500–3,000

12 Sanchunji Shahejie 11.1–21.6 P/I 0.6–333 slt 2–4 n.r. n.r. 3,030–3,20013 Mazhai Shahejie 15–27; 22.1 

ave.

P/I 4–200 ss (lithic arkose) n.r. 62.6# n.r. 1,860–1,950

14 Huzhuangji Shahejie 20–23 P/I 202–248 0.04–0.3; slt, ss 2–4 n.r. n.r. 1,700–2,50015 Qingzuji Shahejie 16–20; 18 ave. P/I 30; 726 max. slt 2–3 n.r. n.r. 1,900–2,04016 Liuzhuang Shahejie 5 P/I 120 ss n.r. 3.2# 40 2,890–3,050
88 Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China Table 14. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Linqing/Dongpu subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.—Continued [Data are from an oil industry compilation (unpub. data, 1996). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Porosity type: P/I, primary intergranular porosity; Mean grain size and primary lithology: f, fine grained; vf, very fine grained; slt, siltstone; ss, sandstone. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded; ave., average; max, maximum] Field No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m) 17 Hupuzhai/ Xueji n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. 18 Xuji n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. 19 Wenbei n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r. n.r.
Table 15 89

Table 15. Selected properties of major reservoirs in the Shahejie–Shahejie/Guantao/Wumishan Total Petroleum System in the Bozhong subbasin, Bohaiwan basin (province 3127), China.[Data are from Editorial Committee of Petroleum Geology of Oil- and Gas-Bearing Areas on the Continental Shelf and its Neighboring Regions (1987), Lee (1989), and Hurst and others (2001). Abbreviations: Reservoir: Sha, Shahejie; Dong, Dongying; Guan, Guantao; L., lower; U., upper; ss, sandstone; Mean grain size and primary lithology: ss, sandstone; dolo, dolomite. Other abbreviations: md, millidarcy; mm, millimeter; m, meter; Sw, water saturation; n.r., not recorded]

Field 

No. Field name Reservoir Porosity (percent) Porosity type Permeability (md) Mean grain size (mm) and primary lithology Average individual pay thickness (m) Gross reservoir interval thickness (m); # Total net pay thickness (m) Average Sw (percent) Average burial depth (m)

1 Qinhuangdao 

30-1

Mesozoic (Jurassic) 22.8 n.r. 16.7 andesite n.r. 30# n.r. 3,000

2 Shijiutuo Dongying; 

Guantao; Mesozoic

n.r. n.r. n.r. ss

basalt

n.r. 30# n.r. n.r.

3 Bozhong 25-

1-1

Shahejie (Sha III); 

Mesozoic

8–12 n.r. 6.51–61.19 ss n.r. 4 n.r. 3,355

4 Bozhong 28-1 Shahejie (Sha I); Ordovician; Cambrian 

Sha I L. Ordovician-U. Cambrian

5.2–8.5

2.24

n.r.

2–14.2

1.8

ss

dolo

n.r. 323

n.r.n.r.

n.r. 2,975

2,9903,200

5 Bozhong 28-

2-1

Dongying (Dong lower) 6–16 n.r. 0.29–3.45 ss n.r. 20.5 n.r. 3,067

6 Bozhong 34-

1-1

Dongying;Guantao;Minghuazhen

13.9–23.5

25.9

n.r. several >987

520.3

ssssss

n.r. 2.5–8

4#

n.r. 2,244

7 Bozhong 34-2 Shahejie (Sha II, III); 

Dongying; Guantao Sha II, III Dong lower Dong Guan

8–17

23.516.825.9

n.r.

0.29–977.13

987160

520.3

ssssssss

n.r.

1,162; 83#

8#26

n.r. 3,344

8 Bozhong 34-3 Dongying; Guantao 

Dong lower Guan

23.525.9

n.r.

987

520.3

ssss

n.r.

8#

200

n.r.

3,0003,300

9 Bozhong 34-4 Shahejie (Sha II, III) 12.34 n.r. 3.33 ss n.r. n.r. n.r. 3,400

10 Peng Lai 14-

3-1

Miocene ss n.r. n.r. n.r. ss n.r. n.r. n.r. 2,372

11 Peng Lai 19-

3-1

Guantao; Minghuazhen n.r. n.r. 100–1,000 ss n.r. 160# in Guantao n.r. 1,200
Ryder and others—Total Petroleum Systems in the Bohaiwan Basin, China—Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5010