## Appendix 6 Acute Impacts Refined Analysis

## Refined Acute Modeling Approach

Initial acute screening risk calculations were performed with the HEM

- 3 model. HEM

- 3 estimates acute (1

- hour) impacts at both polar and census block receptors. It is assumed for this short period of time that an exposed individual could be located at any off

- site location. The lack of readily available detailed property boundary information for many of the facilities evaluated made it difficult to determine whether receptors were

on

- or off

- site. In the absence of such information, the first ring of polar receptors was placed 100 meters from the plant center for many facilities. However, these polar rings often transected on

- site locations, restricting public access to exposures at these levels and thereby overe stimating exposures.

The screening approach used by HEM

- 3 to estimate maximum 1

- hour exposures also likely overestimates. To estimate maximum 1

- hour concentrations at each receptor, HEM

- 3 sums the maximum concentrations attributed to each source, regard less of whether those maximum concentrations occurred during the same hour. In other words, HEM

- 3 assumes that the maximum impact from each source at each receptor occurs at the same time. In actuality, maximum impacts from different sources may occur at different times.

This appendix includes the results of refined acute assessments performed for facilities that exceeded short

- term health benchmarks using the HEM

- 3 approach. The refinements can address both areas of conservatism described above. The simplest refinement is to plot the HEM

- 3 polar grid results on aerial photographs of the facilities; This allows the assessment of off

- site locations that may be accessible to the public ( e.g., roadways and public buildings.). In cases where this refinem ent results in lower acute risks no further refinement was conducted. However, if acute risk still remain at or near levels of concern a further refinement is conducted. This second refinement includes remodeling with the AERMOD model directly (instead of using HEM) to estimate maximum 1

- hour concentrations at each receptor by pairing individual source impacts in time and space. The AERMOD results are then plotted on aerial photographs as noted above to determine off

- site impacts. Modeling with AERMOD also allows the estimation of the frequency of higher impacts at or above the health levels of concern. The attached f

igures present the estimated hazard quotient values (the modeled 1

- hour concentration of a pollutant divided by its short

- term health be nchmark) at the polar receptors near the facilities. Each set of figures is prefaced with a description of the maximum off

- site hazard quotient value and where that value occurs. Refer to below for a brief summary;

## • NEI46835; maximum offsite acute H Q (REL) 

## for acetaldehyde of 20; northeast of facility

• NEI42338 chloroform acute HQ (REL) 

## of 6, south of the facility

• NEITN1050093; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for chloroform of 5 to the north of facility

• NEI13363; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for formaldehyde of 5 to the northeast of facility

• NEI42341A; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for chloroform of 4 to the north of facility

• NEIWI7720116; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for acetaldehyde of 3, north of the facility

• NEIWI7720116; maximum offsit e acute HQ (REL) 

## for methanol of 2; southeast of facility

• NEIME0250002; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for acetaldehyde of 2 ; east of facility

• NEIWI7720116; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for chloroform of 2, southeast of the facility

• NEI47104; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for acetaldehyde of 2 to the northwest of the facility

• NEI41552; maximum offsite acute HQ (REL) 

## for acetaldehyde of 2; northeast of facility23029NEI46835 Acetaldehyde REL 15.2 15.2 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

53015NEI42338 Chloroform REL 39.0 6 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

47105NEITN1050093 Chloroform REL 5.2 5.2 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

53053NEI13363 Formaldehyde REL 4.6 4.6 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

53015NEI42341A Chloroform REL 4.1 4.1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

55141NEIWI7720116 Acetaldehyde REL 4.3 2.9 Max off

- site HQ with emission specific multipliers

55141NEIWI7720116 Methanol REL 3.4 2.3 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

23025NEIME0250002 Acetaldehyde REL 1.6 2.3 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers; increase in HQ due to max acute multiplier = 3 for mechanical seperation of pulp versus use of screening multiplier of 2

55141NEIWI7720116 Chloroform REL 3.1 2.1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

37083NEI47104 Acetaldehyde REL 9.3 1.6 M ax o ff -s it e HQ w ith em i ss i on spec ifi c multipliers

47071NEI41552 Acetaldehyde REL 2.1 1.5 M ax o ff -s it e HQ w ith em i ss i on spec ifi c multipliers

05069NEI18657 1,2

‐ Dimethoxyethane REL 8.5 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

01023NEI18334 Formaldehyde REL 5.7 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

01023NEI18334 Methanol REL 4.9 < 1 M ax o ff -s it e HQ w ith em i ss i on spec ifi c multipliers M ax o ff -s i te HQ w i t h em i ss i on s p ec ifi c Pulp and Papermaking Table 1 – Maximum Predicted Acute Risks Greater than 1 (Refined Approach)

Facility NEI ID Pollutant Criteria HEM

‐ 3 (Screening) Refined Results Refined Modeling Approach 1

41043NEI13340 Formaldehyde REL 4.7 < 1 a o s te Q t e ss o spec c multipliers

01023NEI18334 Acetaldehyde REL 4.7 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

51085NEI208 Chloroform REL 4.2 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

41071NEI40648 Chloroform REL 3.2 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

01023NEI18334 Chloroform REL 2.9 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

05069NEI18658 Chloroform REL 2.9 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

05069NEI18657 Formaldehyde REL 2.8 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

41043NEI13340 Acetaldehyde REL 2.6 < 1 M ax o ff -s it e HQ w ith em i ss i on spec ifi c multipliers

21107NEI11367 Formaldehyde REL 2.1 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

13127NEI8196 Acetaldehyde REL 2.0 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

01091NEI45474 Chlorine REL 1.9 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

39113NEI11645 Chloroform REL 1.9 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

12123NEI47091 Chloroform REL 1.7 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

41043NEI13340 Methanol REL 1.6 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

13051NEI8186 Formaldehyde REL 1.6 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers01099NEI18373 Acetaldehyde REL 1.5 < 1 Max off-site HQ with emission specific multipliers

1 Indicates modeling technique used to refined estimates; see Appendix 7 for figures depicting off

‐ site impactsPulp and Papermaking Facilities(Refined Acute Risk Assessment)•Figure 1 – NEI46835; maximum offsite acuteHQ(REL)for acetaldehyde of 20; northeast of facility•Figure 2 – NEI42338 chloroform acute HQ(REL)of6, south of the facility•Figure 3 – NEITN1050093; maximum offsite acuteHQ(REL)for chloroform of 5 to the north of facility•Figure 4 – NEI13363; maximum offsite acuteHQ(REL)for formaldehyde of 5 to the northeast offacilityPulp and Papermaking Facilities(Refined Acute Risk Assessment)•Figure 5 – NEI42341A; maximum offsite acuteHQ(REL)for chloroform of 4 to the north of facility•Figure 6 – NEIWI7720116; maximum offsiteacute HQ(REL)for acetaldehyde of 3, north of thefacility•Figure 7– NEIWI7720116; maximum offsite acuteHQ(REL)for methanol of 2; southeast of facility•Figure 8 – NEIME0250002; maximum offsiteacute HQ(REL)for acetaldehyde of 2 ; east offacilityPulp and Papermaking Facilities(Refined Acute Risk Assessment)•Figure 9 – NEIWI7720116; maximum offsite acute HQ(REL)for chloroform of 2, southeast of the facility•Figure 10– NEI47104; maximum offsite acute HQ(REL)foracetaldehyde of 2 to the northwest of the facility•Figure 11– NEI41552; maximum offsite acute HQ(REL)foracetaldehyde of 2; northeast of facilityFigure 1 – NEI46835 Acute Acetaldehyde HQ (REL)Figure 2 – NEI42338 Acute Chloroform HQ (REL)Figure 3 – NEITN1050093 Acute Chloroform HQ (REL)Figure 4 – NEI13363 Acute Formaldehyde HQ (REL)Figure 5– NEI42341A Acute Chloroform HQ (REL)Figure 6 – NEIWI7720116 Acute Acetaldehyde HQ (REL)Figure 7 – NEIWI7720116 Acute Methanol HQ (REL)Figure 8 – NEIME0250002 Acute Acetaldehyde HQ (REL)Figure 9 – NEIWI7720116 Acute Chloroform HQ (REL)Figure 10 – NEI47104 Acute Acetaldehyde HQ (REL)Figure 11 – NEI41552 Acute Acetaldehyde HQ (REL)