RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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SUMMARY

Eight male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 14C tertiary butyl alcohol in a nose-only inhalation 

system at a target concentration of 1750 ppm for 6 hours (actual concentration 1724 ± 85 ppm) . 

Following exposure, 4 rats were euthanized immediately and the radioactivity in the carcass was 

determined by digestion and scintillation counting (Group 1, Study A). The remaining four rats were 

transferred to all-glass metabolism cages, and urine, feces, exhaled CO2 and exhaled volatiles were 

collected for seven days (Group 2, Study B). After seven days, the rats were euthanized and the 

radioactivity remaining in the carcass was determined by digestion and scintillation counting. 

Radioactivity was excreted primarily in urine (71 % of the recovered radioactivity). A lesser amount was 

recovered as exhaled volatiles (25% of the recovered radioactivity). Approximately 0.6% was recovered 

as 14CO2, 1.7% in feces, and 0.6% in carcass at 7 days. Based on the recovered radioactivity, the 

estimated dose in the rats in Group 1 was 532 ± 38 mg/kg, and in Group 2 was 510 ± 40 mg/kg. 

Comparison of the exposure of rats to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA euthanized immediately following 

exposure (532 ± 38 mg/kg) with that of rats euthanized following 7 days of collection of excreta and 

exhaled breath (510 ± 40 mg/kg) yielded values that were very similar. This suggested that there were no 

significant losses of radioactivity from the various sample types during processing of radioactivity.

Elimination of radioactivity was rapid, with 86% and 96% at of the radioactivity recovered within 24 h and 

48 h, respectively, following the end of exposure. In urine collected at 12 h, three metabolites and 14C 

TBA were detected by HPLC with radioactivity detection. By 24 hours, 14C TBA was detected in 2/4 urine 

samples, and by 48 h was not detected. The three metabolites were tentatively identified as 2-methyl1,2-propanediol, TBA glucuronide, and a glucuronide of α-hydroxyisobutyric acid. Unchanged TBA 

accounted for a major portion of the exhaled radioactivity. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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Quality Assurance Statement

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Table of Contents

Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1

2.0 OBJECTIVES AND PROTOCOL.................................................................................................... 1

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................................ 1

3.1 Test Substance ................................................................................................................................ 1

3.1.1 Nonradiolabeled tertiary Butyl Alcohol............................................................................. 2

3.1.2 [2-

14C]-labeled tertiary Butyl Alcohol................................................................................ 2

3.2 Reference Substances..................................................................................................................... 2

3.3 Test System ..................................................................................................................................... 3

3.4 Test Chemical Preparation and Analysis ......................................................................................... 4

3.5 Inhalation Exposure ......................................................................................................................... 5

3.5.1 Exposure Analysis................................................................................................................................ 5

3.6 Collection of Samples ...................................................................................................................... 5

3.6.1 Excreta............................................................................................................................. 5

3.6.2 Carcass............................................................................................................................ 6

3.7 Analysis of Samples for Total Radioactivity..................................................................................... 6

3.7.1 Excreta............................................................................................................................. 6

3.7.2 Carcass............................................................................................................................ 7

3.7.3 Exhaled Breath Traps ............................................................................................................ 7

3.7.4 Exhaled Volatiles Traps ......................................................................................................... 7

3.8 HPLC Analysis of Urine Samples and Timed Fractions Collected from HPLC for 

Radioactivity..................................................................................................................................... 8

3.9 Determination of TBA in Exhaled Breath Trap Extracts................................................................... 8

3.10 Data Collection and Reporting ......................................................................................................... 9

4.0 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................... 10

4.1 Analysis of Radiolabeled Test Chemical Identity and Purity.......................................................... 10

4.2 Test Chemical Formulation ............................................................................................................ 10

4.3 Inhalation exposure........................................................................................................................ 10

4.4 Radioactivity Retained Following Exposure................................................................................... 11

4.5 Excretion of Radioactivity............................................................................................................... 11

4.6 TBA in Exhaled VOC Traps ........................................................................................................... 13

4.7 Excretion of TBA and Metabolites in Urine .................................................................................... 13
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Table of Contents

(continued)

Page

v

5.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 13

6.0 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................... 14

7.0 RECORDS AND REPORTS.......................................................................................................... 15

8.0 STORAGE OF RECORDS AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES ......................................................... 15

9.0 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE..................................................................................................... 16

10.0 STUDY PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................................... 16
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List of Tables

Page

Table 1. Male Fischer 344 Rats Used on the Study.................................................................................17

Table 2. Exposure Conditions and Concentration of [2-

14C]TBA/TBA. ....................................................18

Table 3. Total Recovery of Radioactivity following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA...................19

Table 4. Radioactivity in Group 1 Study A Rats Following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2- 14C]TBA/TBA, Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered ....................20

Table 5. Radioactivity in Excreta and Carcass following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA 

(Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered ............21

Table 6. Radioactivity in Urine following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study 

B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered.......................................22

Table 7. Radioactivity in Feces following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, 

Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered.............................23

Table 8. Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 following exposure to 1750 ppm 14C TBA (Group 2, Study 

B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered.......................................24

Table 9. Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 following exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, 

Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered.............................25

Table 10. Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 following exposure to 1750 ppm 14C TBA 

(Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered ............26

Table 11. Radioactivity in VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2- 14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity 

Recovered..................................................................................................................................27

Table 12. Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2- 14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity 

Recovered..................................................................................................................................28

Table 13. Cumulative Recovery of Radioactivity in Excreta and Carcass following Exposure to 

1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total 

Radioactivity Recovered ............................................................................................................29

Table 14. TBA Measured by GC in DMF Extracts of VOC Trap 11 following Exposure to 1750 

ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA..................................................................................................................30

Table 15. Percentage of Radioactivity as TBA in the DMF Extracts of VOC Trap 11 following 

Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA ....................................................................................31

Table 16. Analysis of Radioactivity in Urine following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA .............32

Sample Naming and Abbreviations............................................................................................................... 2

In the tables of raw data values in this appendix, the table headings are derived from the 

conventions of sample naming used in the Debra system. These are explained 

below. Example calculations and formulae are provided in Appendix G....................................2

Table 1. Preparation of 14C TBA Formulation (Feedstock) for Inhalation Exposure....................................4

Table 2. Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 1. .................................................................... 5

Table 3. Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 1. ...........................................................6

Table 4. Recovery of Radioactivity in Urine from Group 2........................................................................... 7

Table 4 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Urine from Group 2. .............................................................8
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Table 5. Recovery of Radioactivity in Feces from Group 2. ........................................................................ 9

Table 5 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Feces from Group 2. ..........................................................10

Table 6. Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 from Group 2. ..............................................................11

Table 6 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 from Group 2...................................................12

Table 7. Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 from Group 2. ..............................................................13

Table 7 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 from Group 2...................................................14

Table 8. Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 from Group 2................................................15

Table 8 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 from Group 2....................................16

Table 9. Recovery of Radioactivity in VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 from Group 2...............................................17

Table 10. Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 from Group 2..............................................18

Table 10 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 from Group 2. ................................19

Table 11. Recovery of Radioactivity in Nose Only Tube Rinse from Group 2...........................................20

Table 12. Recovery of Radioactivity in Transfer Bag Rinse from Group 2. ...............................................20

Table 13. Recovery of Radioactivity in Cage Rinse from Group 2. ...........................................................20

Table 14. Recovery of Radioactivity in Carcass Digest from Group 2.......................................................21

Table 15. Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. .......................................................22

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2............................................23

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2............................................24

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2............................................25

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2............................................26

Table 16. Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 

2. ................................................................................................................................................27

Table 16 (contd). Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts 

from Group 2..............................................................................................................................28

Table 16 (contd). Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts 

from Group 2..............................................................................................................................29

Table 17. Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2. ........................................30

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2.............................31

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2.............................32

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2.............................33

List of Figures

Page

Figure 1. Cumulative Excretion of Radioactivity in Urine and Feces.........................................................33

Figure 2. HPLC Analysis of Urinary Metabolites from Rat 2-06 Following Exposure to 1750 ppm 

[2-

14C]TBA/TBA..........................................................................................................................34

Figure 3. HPLC Separation of 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol, α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid, and TBA. ...............35
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Figure 4. HPLC Analysis of Urinary Metabolites from Rat 2-06 after Incubation with βGlucuronidase or Acid Treatment ..............................................................................................36

List of Appendices

Appendix A: Approved Study Protocol, Amendments, and Deviations

Appendix B: Test Chemical Analysis Report Tertiary Butyl Alcohol RTI Reference 12323-05

Appendix C: Test Chemical Analysis Report [2-

14C] Tertiary Butyl Alcohol RTI Reference 12323-11 

Appendix D: Reference Standards Analysis Report 2-Methylpropane-1,2-diol and 2-Hydroxyisobutyric 

Acid

Appendix E: Prestudy Inhalation Report

Appendix F: Inhalation Report

Appendix G Equations Used in Calculations 

Appendix H Raw Data Tables
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List of Tables in Appendix H

Table 1. Preparation of 14C TBA Formulation (Feedstock) for Inhalation Exposure................................ H-4

Table 2. Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 1. ................................................................ H-5

Table 3. Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 1. ....................................................... H-6

Table 4. Recovery of Radioactivity in Urine from Group 2....................................................................... H-7

Table 4 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Urine from Group 2. ......................................................... H-8

Table 5. Recovery of Radioactivity in Feces from Group 2. .................................................................... H-9

Table 5 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Feces from Group 2. ...................................................... H-10

Table 6. Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 from Group 2. .......................................................... H-11

Table 6 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 from Group 2............................................... H-12

Table 7. Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 from Group 2. .......................................................... H-13

Table 7 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 from Group 2............................................... H-14

Table 8. Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 from Group 2............................................ H-15

Table 8 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 from Group 2................................ H-16

Table 9. Recovery of Radioactivity in VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 from Group 2........................................... H-17

Table 10. Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 from Group 2.......................................... H-18

Table 10 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 from Group 2. ............................ H-19

Table 11. Recovery of Radioactivity in Nose Only Tube Rinse from Group 2....................................... H-20

Table 12. Recovery of Radioactivity in Transfer Bag Rinse from Group 2. ........................................... H-20

Table 13. Recovery of Radioactivity in Cage Rinse from Group 2. ....................................................... H-20

Table 14. Recovery of Radioactivity in Carcass Digest from Group 2................................................... H-21

Table 15. Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. ................................................... H-22

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2........................................ H-23

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2........................................ H-24

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2........................................ H-25

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2........................................ H-26

Table 16. Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 

2. ............................................................................................................................................ H-27

Table 16 (contd). Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts 

from Group 2.......................................................................................................................... H-28

Table 16 (contd). Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts 

from Group 2.......................................................................................................................... H-29

Table 17. Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2. .................................... H-30

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2......................... H-31

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2......................... H-32

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2......................... H-33
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this pilot study was to develop and validate procedures to be used to evaluate the 

adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and pharmacokinetics of tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) in rats. 

TBA is used as an oxygenate additive to gasoline. 

Toxicity studies have been conducted in rats and mice (Mahler 1997). Alpha 2u-globulin 

nephropathy has been reported in rats exposed to TBA by inhalation (Borghoff et al., 2001). TBA has 

been demonstrated to bind to alpha 2u-globulin in vivo (Williams and Borghoff 2001). 

Limited studies have been conducted on the metabolism and disposition of TBA. Baker et al. 

(1982) reported the metabolism of TBA to produce CO2 and acetone in vivo in rats. The 

pharmacokinetics of TBA were evaluated in mice (Faulkner and Hussain 1989) and in rats (Poet et al., 

1997).

2.0 OBJECTIVES AND PROTOCOL

The objectives of this pilot study were to: 

Study A

1) conduct a nose-only exposure of rats to 14C TBA/TBA (n=4; 1 backup unexposed).

2) analyze the amount of 14C in whole body digests from rats exposed to 14C TBA/TBA.

Study B

3) conduct a nose-only exposure of rats to 14C TBA/TBA (n=4; 2 backup unexposed).

4) collect excreta from rats exposed to 14C TBA/TBA.

5) analyze 14C in whole body digests, urine, feces, exhaled CO2, and exhaled volatiles from rats 

exposed to 14C TBA/TBA.

6) develop an HPLC method for analysis of urinary metabolites.

7) analyze TBA in extracts from exhaled volatiles. 

Copies of the approved protocol and protocol amendments for these studies are included in 

Appendix A.

3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Test Substance

NAME: tertiary Butyl Alcohol (TBA; 2-methyl-2-propanol, CAS No. 75-65-0)

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C4H10O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 74.12
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STRUCTURE: 

H3C

C

CH3

OH

H3C

3.1.1 Nonradiolabeled tertiary Butyl Alcohol

Source: Sigma-Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI

Product No: 36053-8

Lot No.: 01060AD

Purity: The chemical purity of tertiary Butyl Alcohol was characterized by SigmaAldrich at 99.6%.

The unlabeled test material was characterized at RTI by gas chromatographic (GC) analysis for 

purity and stability, and for identify by 1

H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 

spectroscopy and by GC-mass spectroscopy. Details of the analysis are included in Appendix B. 

3.1.2 [2-

14C]-labeled tertiary Butyl Alcohol

Position of radiolabel: [2-

14C]-

Source: Sigma Radiochemicals, prepared as a custom synthesis

Specific Activity: 7.3 mCi/mmol 

Product No.: A8538-14C

Lot No.: 095K9406

Identity: The identity of [2-

14C]-tertiary Butyl Alcohol was confirmed by 

chromatographic comparison with unlabeled TBA using HPLC coupled 

with radioactivity detection and refractive index detection.

Purity: The radiochemical purity of [2-

14C]-tertiary Butyl Alcohol was determined 

chromatographically to be 98.2 %, using the HPLC system described in 

Section 3.8. 

The labeled test material was characterized at RTI by HPLC coupled with radioactivity detection 

for purity and stability, and for identify by 1

H NMR spectroscopy and by HPLC coupled with 

radioactivity detection and refractive index detection. Details of the analysis are included in 

Appendix C. 

3.2 Reference Substances

2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid (HBA) was obtained from Alfa Aesar. The purity specified by the 

Vendor’s certificate of analysis was 98.9%. This material was assigned a chemical receipt number of 

BOC-B-0439. Identity of the material was verified by 1

H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. 

2-Methylpropane-1,2-diol was prepared at RTI using the method of Bernauer et al. (1998). 
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3.3 Test System

Source: Male Fischer 344 rats were purchased from Charles River (Kingston, NY). Animal 

weights at the time they were used in studies are shown in Table 1.

Diet: Animals were fed Certified Purina Rodent Chow #5002 and were furnished tap water ad libitum. 

The analysis of each feed batch for nutrient levels and possible contaminants was performed by the 

supplier, examined by the Study Director, and maintained in the study records. The feed was stored at 

approximately 60−70 °F, and the period of use did not exceed six months from the milling date. The 

source of the water was the City of Durham, NC. Approximately once a year, the City of Durham provides 

analyses of the drinking water for potential contaminants. Documentation of these analyses were 

inspected by the Study Director and maintained in the study records. In addition, samples of water were 

collected during the study for analysis of tertiary butyl alcohol, tertiary amyl methyl ether, ethyl tertiary 

butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, and methyl tertiary butyl ether. The samples were sent to Kiff Analytical 

(Davis, CA 95616) for analysis. Errors in sampling, shipping or receiving the first sample resulted in no 

data being obtained for the prestudy sample. In two subsequent samples tertiary amyl methyl ether, ethyl 

tertiary butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, and methyl tertiary butyl ether were below the limits of quantitation. 

Tertiary butyl alcohol was measured at 2.2 μg/L (with 0.5 μg/L as the reporting limit) in a sample collected 

during the in-life portion of the study. In a subsequent sample collected after the study, tertiary butyl

alcohol was below the reporting limit of 1.0 μg/L. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard 

Assessment (OEHHA) (CALEPA 1999) developed an interim drinking water level of 12 μg/L based on the 

incidence of kidney tumors reported in male rats. Although a single measurement of tertiary butyl alcohol 

was elevated, it is unlikely to have impacted the study, since the amount of TBA that could be consumed, 

assuming drinking water consumption of 0.028 L /day, would be equivalent to a total potential dose 

arising from drinking water of 0.4 μg TBA/rat over the course of the 7-day study. (Total consumption was 

calculated assuming a drinking water consumption rate of 0.028 L/ day (USEPA, 1988)). This would be 

insignificant compared to the total recovered dose, which ranged from 89 – 111 mg equiv. of TBA/rat. 

Identification: Individual ear tags were used to uniquely identify animals used.

Housing: Rats were housed (maximum of three per cage) in polycarbonate cages with stainless 

steel bar lids accommodating a water bottle until they were used in an experiment. Cage sizes are 19" x 

10.5" x 8" high (143 sq. in. floor space). Contact bedding was Sani-Chips hardwood chips (P. J. Murphy 

Forest Products Co.; Montville, NJ).

Following dosing, the animals were housed in individual glass metabolism chambers (for 

collection of blood, urine, feces, exhaled CO2, and exhaled volatiles).

Quarantine: Rats were quarantined for a minimum of one week before use on a study. A 

veterinarian or qualified designee examined the animals prior to their release from quarantine. 
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Randomization: The ear tag numbers of animals were assigned in numerical order to sequential 

values using a series of computer generated numbers as described in SOP DPK-HUS-001 Assignment of 

Animals into Groups, using the procedure for Assignment of Animals within a Single Group or Multiple 

Groups without Regard to Weight Mean and Range. Four groups were prepared: Study A (n=4), Study B 

(n=4), Study C (n=2), and Study D (n=1). 

Environmental: Temperature and relative humidity in RTI animal rooms were continuously 

monitored, controlled, and recorded using an automated system (Siebe/Barber-Colman Network 8000 

System with Revision 4.4.1 for Signal software [Siebe Environmental Controls (SEC)/Barber-Colman 

Company; Loves Park, IL]). The target environmental ranges were 64−79 °F (18 °C - 26 °C) for 

temperature and 30−70% relative humidity, with a 12-h light cycle per day. The actual ranges observed 

during quarantine were 71.07−72.8 °F and 52.2−56.78 % relative humidity, and during the study were 

71.1−75.09 °F, and 35.88−42.83 % relative humidity.

Euthanasia: At the end of the in-life phase, the rats were euthanized by overexposure to carbon 

dioxide.

3.4 Test Chemical Preparation and Analysis

For inhalation exposure to [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Studies A and B), 14C TBA was added to an 

appropriate amount of unlabeled TBA for generation of the exposure atmosphere. The amount of 

labeled and unlabeled TBA required was calculated based on the exposure concentration, the duration of 

exposure, the number of animals, and the flow rate of air through the exposure tower. 

For inhalation exposure to [2-

14C]TBA/TBA, [2-14C]TBA was weighed into a tared flask with a 

Teflon faced screw cap. The weight of the labeled chemical added was recorded. Unlabeled TBA was

added, and the weight added was recorded. The nominal specific activity of the TBA mixture will then be 

calculated. This was verified by weighing an aliquot into a sealed flask, recording the weight added, and 

adding solvent, and recording the weight added. Aliquots of the solution of TBA were placed in 

scintillation vials, and the weight added was recorded. The amount of solution added was calculated 

based on the density of the solvent. Ultima GoldTM scintillation cocktail (Perkin Elmer) was added to the 

scintillation vials, and the amount of radioactivity added was determined by liquid scintillation 

spectroscopy (LSS). The specific activity of the labeled TBA was then be calculated from the data 

obtained.

The exposure atmosphere concentration was monitored using a calibrated Miran IR detector. 

The concentration of TBA was monitored at the inlet to the tower, and at the outlet. The stability of TBA 

under the conditions of administration was monitored by sampling the inlet of the exposure tower at the 

end of the exposure. Samples of the exposure atmosphere were collected using a 10 ml syringe, and 

bubbled through water for analysis by HPLC, and through methanol for analysis by GC-MS. 
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3.5 Inhalation Exposure

A single nose-only inhalation exposure to [2-

14C]TBA/TBA was conducted with a total of 8 rats for 

Study A (4 rats) and Study B (4 rats) on June 1st, 2006. The radiolabeled TBA was drawn into a clean 

syringe. The generation system consisted of a syringe containing the chemical with a syringe pump to 

deliver the chemical to the air supply of the exposure chamber. The TBA exposure atmosphere was 

generated by pumping liquid TBA into the air stream flowing into a Cannon nose-only exposure system. 

The syringe pump and clean air flow rate were set such that a target concentration of 1750 ppm was 

achieved. The exposure air flow rate delivered to each animal was at least 1.5 times the animal minute 

ventilation rate. The air supply was controlled with an electronic mass flow meter to maintain a total air 

flow of at least 12 air changes per hour. The generation and delivery system were placed in a chemical 

hood to contain any TBA that might leak from the system.

The exposure system (see Appendix E and Appendix F) consisted of a Cannon flow-past noseonly exposure system containing 52 exposure ports. This chamber is a dynamic non-rebreathing system 

that allows for the simultaneous exposure of up to 51 animals. The chamber is cylindrical in shape, and 

is constructed in stainless steel. Unused ports were plugged with solid metal rods to reduce consumption 

of the exposure material. The Cannon nose-only chamber operated on a push-pull basis. The sampling 

lines and main exposure atmosphere delivery lines were Teflon. The incoming air for the exposure 

system was filtered to eliminate the possibility of contamination in the air supply. The air supply 

temperature and relative humidity were maintained between 64 to 79 degrees Fahrenheit and 30 to 70 %, 

respectively. The chamber exhaust flow was adjusted to maintain a slight negative pressure during the 

exposure to prevent TBA from entering the laboratory area. The chamber exhaust was filtered through a 

disposable charcoal filter and disposed at the end of the exposure. Closed nose-only tubes were used to 

hold the test animals during inhalation exposures. The inhalation system was strategically placed in a 

chemical hood to prevent any TBA from entering the laboratory.

3.5.1 Exposure Analysis

Prior to the inhalation exposure of rats, the performance of the inhalation system was verified to 

ensure that the test atmosphere could be generated on the nose only tower to achieve the test 

concentration over the duration of the exposure, and that the port to port variability was within accepted 

limits. A report describing the preexposure characterization of the inhalation system is attached to this 

report as Appendix E, and a report characterizing the exposure of rats is attached as Appendix F.

3.6 Collection of Samples

3.6.1 Excreta

In Study B, 4 rats (2-05, 2-06, 2-07, and 2-08) were placed in all-glass metabolism cages for the 

separate collection of urine, feces, exhaled volatiles, and exhaled CO2. Urine was collected over dry ice 

at 0−12, 12−24, 24−48, 48−72, 72−96, 96−120, 120−144, and 144−168 hours after termination of 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

6

exposure. Feces were collected over dry ice at 0−24, 24−48, 48−72, 72−96, 96−120, 120−144, and 

144−168 hours after termination of exposure. Exhaled volatile organics were collected on a series of two 

charcoal traps (Product Number 226-16, SKC Sorbent Tube, Anasorb CSC, Coconut Charcoal, 10 X 110 

mm size, 2-section, 200/800 mg sorbent, SKC Inc, Eighty Four, PA). Expired 14CO2 was collected in 

1.0 N KOH at 0−1, 1−3, 3−5, 5−7, 7−12, 12−24, 24−48, 48−72, 72−96, 96−120, 120−144, and 144−168 

hours after termination of exposure. At the end of excreta collection, the cages were rinsed with water

and with ethanol, and combined. The rinses were analyzed for total radioactivity. The weight of urine 

and/or feces collected for each sample interval was measured. Urine and feces were analyzed for total 

radioactivity. Excreta not assayed within a day of collection were stored at approximately -20 °C in the 

dark.

3.6.2 Carcass 

For Study A, the amount of 14C retained was determined by placing each rat in the nose-only 

restraint tube in a Tedlar gas bag. The bag was sealed, and CO2 was pumped into the bag to euthanize

the rat. The gas from the gas bag was then forced through a charcoal filter trap, to determine the amount 

of exhaled 14C (the sample is designated as Exhaled VOC for Group 1 animals ), and the carcass was

digested with 2N ethanolic NaOH. After sample digestion, the amount of radioactivity in the carcass was

determined by LSS. Any feces in the nose-only restraint tube was collected and the amount of 

radioactivity in the feces sample was determined by LSS. The nose-only tube was rinsed with water, and 

the amount of 14C contained in the rinse was determined by LSS. The Tedlar gas bag was rinsed with 

water, and the amount of 14C contained in the rinse was determined by LSS. 

For Study B, the carcasses were digested with 2N ethanolic NaOH. After sample digestion, the 

amount of radioactivity in the carcass was determined by LSS. 

3.7 Analysis of Samples for Total Radioactivity

Ultima GoldTM scintillation cocktail was used in all determinations of radiochemical content. 

Radioactivity was determined using a Packard 1900CA Liquid Scintillation Counter. Weights of samples 

collected were recorded, and aliquots were prepared by weight for scintillation counting. 

3.7.1 Excreta

Duplicate aliquots of urine (approximately 0.5 g) were analyzed directly (without solubilization or 

bleaching) for radiochemical content. Duplicate aliquots of urine were weighed into scintillation vials 

containing scintillation cocktail. Feces were homogenized with an approximately equal mass of water. 

The weight of the feces homogenate was determined, and duplicate homogenate aliquots were weighed 

into scintillation vials. After solubilization of the homogenate aliquots with Soluene-350TM (about 2 ml per 

sample), scintillation cocktail was added to the vials, and the samples were analyzed for total radioactivity 

by LSS. Samples were bleached (by adding approximately 125 μl of 70% perchloric acid, and then 

approximately 0.3 ml of 30% H2O2) prior to addition of scintillation cocktail. Control samples of urine and 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

7

feces were collected from unexposed animals and analyzed as described above to determine background 

counts.

3.7.2 Carcass

Carcasses were analyzed for total radioactivity following solubilization in 2N ethanolic NaOH. 

Duplicate samples of the solubilized carcass were analyzed. Solubilized samples were bleached (by 

adding approximately 125 μl of 70% perchloric acid, and then approximately 0.3 ml of 30% H2O2) prior to

addition of scintillation cocktail and analysis by LSS. Control samples of carcass were collected from 

unexposed animals and analyzed as described above to determine background counts.

3.7.3 Exhaled Breath Traps

Aliquots of 1.0 N KOH from the exhaled breath trap for CO2 were analyzed by LSS after addition 

of scintillation cocktail. 

3.7.4 Exhaled Volatiles Traps

Each charcoal trap was extracted by elution with dimethylformamide (DMF) to determine 

absorbed radioactivity. To ensure that the samples with large amounts of radioactivity were thoroughly 

extracted, two extractions were performed on the VOC Trap 1 samples collected between 1 and 24 h. 

For a single extraction, charcoal was transferred to a preweighed centrifuge tube and weighed. DMF (4.0 

ml) was added, and the sample weighed. After vortexing for approximately 30 seconds, the samples 

were centrifuged, and the supernatant was removed. Radioactivity in the DMF wash was measured by 

LSS of duplicate aliquots. For samples with two extractions, charcoal was transferred to a preweighed 

centrifuge tube and weighed. DMF (4.0 ml) was added, and the sample weighed. After vortexing for 

approximately 30 seconds, the samples were centrifuged, and the supernatant was removed, and 

transferred to a preweighed centrifuge tube labeled Exhaled VOC Trap 1 Sample. The sample was 

weighed, and duplicate aliquots were removed for analysis by LSS. Additional DMF (4.0 ml) was added 

to the tube containing the charcoal and residual DMF, and the extraction was repeated. The DMF was 

removed following centrifugation and radioactivity was determined in duplicate aliquots by LSS. For 

samples of VOC Trap 1 collected at 1 h, a third extraction was performed, and the recovery of 

radioactivity was evaluated prior to analysis of the remaining samples. 

The sample designations used in the data tables correspond to the sample designations used in 

the Debra System, and are as follows:

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 First extract of the first VOC trap in series

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 Second extract of the first VOC trap in series

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 Extract of the second VOC trap in series
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3.8 HPLC Analysis of Urine Samples and Timed Fractions Collected from HPLC for 

Radioactivity

Urine samples containing greater than 5% of the recovered radioactivity were selected for

analysis of metabolites by HPLC. Aliquots of the selected urine samples were transferred to glass 

centrifuge tubes, and the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to remove particulate 

matter. The supernatant was transferred to a 1.5 ml HPLC vial. Aliquots (30 μl) of urine were analyzed in 

duplicate directly by LSS to determine amount of radioactivity present in the 30 μl aliquot.

A 30-μl aliquot of urine was analyzed by HPLC/LSS as described below. The HPLC 

instrumentation consists of two Waters Model 515 Pumps, a Waters Model 717 plus Autosampler, an 

IN/US Systems β-RAM Model 3 radioactivity detector, and a Waters Model 410 refractive index (RI) 

detector. 

HPLC was conducted using a Waters Atlantis dC18 column, 4.6 mm i.d. x 25 cm, 5 μ particle 

size, with a precolumn and an in-line solvent filter. The isocratic mobile phase consisted of 99 % water 

and 1% acetonitrile. The mobile phase flow rate through the column was 1.0 ml/min, and 100% of the flow 

passing through the 500-μl lithium glass solid-phase cell of the radioactivity detector before passing 

through the refractive index detector. HPLC column effluent was collected in scintillation vials containing 

scintillation cocktail, and quantitation of radioactivity was conducted using a Packard 1900CA liquid 

scintillation counter.

A standard solution including unlabeled TBA with metabolites of α-hydroxyisobutyric acid and 2-

methyl-1-2-propanediol was used to conduct the performance verification for RI detector at the beginning 

and end of analysis of all urine samples. 

Incubation of urine samples with β-glucuronidase was conducted by adding 15 mg of βglucuronidase (Sigma-Aldrich) to each incubation tube, and adding 50 μl of 0.2 M sodium acetate buffer 

(pH 4.43) and 200 μl of urine. For one incubation, water was added instead of sodium acetate buffer, and 

for one tube the β-glucuronidase was boiled prior to addition of the urine. After addition of all 

components, the samples were incubated for 12 hours at 37o

C. This was followed by analysis by HPLC 

with detection of radioactivity.

3.9 Determination of TBA in Exhaled Breath Trap Extracts.

Aliquots of the DMF extracts of Exhaled Breath Traps were analyzed by GC with FID detection, 

Standard solutions were prepared at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/μl. Analysis was 

conducted on an Agilent 6890 GC. Conditions for analysis were as follows:

Injection port split/splitless

Temperature 200 oC
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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Split ratio 1.0

Carrier gas Helium

Flow rate 2.0 ml/min

Injection volume 1 μl 

Detector FID, 250 oC 

GC oven program

Initial temperature 60 oC

Initial time 0.5 min

Temperature rate 5 oC/min

Final temperature 70 oC

Final time 2 min

Ramp A 100 oC/min

Final temperature A 200 oC

Final time A 1.2 min

Column DB 624 30m x 0.32 mm i.d. 1.8 um film thickness (Agilent technologies, 

Wilmington, DE)

The peak area of TBA was integrated. A linear regression equation (y= bx+a) was obtained using 

Prism software (version 4.03). The concentration TBA was back calculated by this equation. 

 Where: y= peak area of TBA

 x = concentration of TBA

 b = slope of the standard curve

 a = y-intercept of the standard curve

3.10 Data Collection and Reporting

Study data was collected and reported in the DebraTM system version 5.5.10.72. This includes 

data for pot weights, sample weights, homogenate weights and aliquot weights, and scintillation counting 

data. Calculations of sample data are described in Appendix G, and were reported with the DebraTM 

system. Individual values for sample weights and radioactivity determinations are presented in Appendix 

H. Data for radioactivity where the sample aliquot dpm values were below the background for the sample 

were considered to be less than the limit of detection, and are reported as 0 dpm per aliquot. Data for all 

samples that were above the limit of detection are reported, and included in calculations. However, 

where the sample aliquot dpm values were less than three times the background for the sample, the 

sample has been flagged with an asterisk in the Summary Tables and Appendix tables. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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4.0 RESULTS

4.1 Analysis of Radiolabeled Test Chemical Identity and Purity

Information on the identity, purity, and stability of the test chemical is included in Appendix B. 

Prior to study initiation, the test chemical purity was determined by GC to be 99.55 ± 0.18 %. Following 

completion of the study, test chemical purity was determined to be 99.71 ± 0.01 %. The radiochemical 

purity of 2-

14C TBA specified by the vendor was 98.994 % by HPLC, and was verified by HPLC at RTI 

prior to the inhalation exposure of rats as 98.16 ± 0.27% (Appendix C). A sample of the exposure 

atmosphere was taken from the tower inlet to measure purity of the radiolabeled test chemical during the 

exposure. The purity of the radiolabeled material was determined to be 94.6 ± 2.4 %. Analysis of the 

reference substances 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid is reported in Appendix D. 

4.2 Test Chemical Formulation

The test chemical was prepared by mixing unlabeled TBA with 2-

14C labeled TBA, and used 

without further dilution. The specific activity of the formulation is provided in Table 2, and was measured 

as 18.57 μCi/mmol. 

4.3 Inhalation exposure

The inhalation exposure system performance was evaluated and reported in Appendix E. 

Concentrations of TBA were measured at the inlet and the exhaust, and were measured in open ports, 

which represent the breathing zone of the rat. For the operation of the inhalation exposure system, which 

has a relatively short path length, the inlet port was considered to be a surrogate for the breathing zone of 

the rat. The concentration at the inlet and exhaust were found to be in good agreement with and within 

the acceptable range of variation specified in the study protocol of ≤ 10% of the nominal concentration of 

1750 ppm (Appendix E, Table 5, 1681 ± 73 ppm at the inlet, and 1722 ± 36 ppm at the exhaust). 

Following equilibration, there was also good agreement at each timepoint between inlet and exhaust, 

implying no loss in the system. Port to port variability was verified to be within the acceptable range of ≤

10% difference in concentration measurements taken at multiple locations (Appendix E, Table 3). To 

make the required measurements of port to port variability, to decrease the time required for the Miran to 

reach equilibrium, the air sampled at each port was diluted with house air, resulting in a lower 

concentration measured at the port. A total flow of 200 mL/min consisting of 150 mL/min from the port 

diluted with house air at 50 mL/min was delivered to the Miran detector. For measurement of within port 

variation, a single port, designated the “Home Port” (position 9), was sampled repeatedly. Other ports, 

numbered 1 through 8 were sampled once, with a sampling sequence of Home, 1, 2, 3, Home, 4, 5, 6, 

Home, 7,8, and Home, Repeated measurements at the Home Port produced a within port coefficient of 

variation of 1.16%, a between port coefficient of variation of 3.13%, and total port coefficient of variation 

of 3.34%. The measured port concentrations were less than the target concentration of 1750 ppm 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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because house air was used to dilute the sample air to reduce the time necessary to reach equilibrium. 

However, after correction for the dilution with house air, the port concentrations were 1766 ± 202 ppm, 

and were 99.4 ± 7.2 % of the inlet port concentration. 

The data for a six-hour exposure of rats to a target concentration of 1750 ppm TBA is shown in 

Table 2. The details of the inhalation exposure system are described in Appendix E, Inhalation Summary 

Report for Setup and Evaluation of Inhalation System at RTI International and the details of the actual 

exposure are reported in Appendix F, Inhalation Summary Report: 14C-TBA/TBA Nose-Only Inhalation 

Exposure at RTI International. The actual exposure concentration was 1724 ± 85 ppm (Table 2). The 

design of the sampling at the inhalation tower inlet using the inlet Miran infrared spectrophotomer may 

have led to artificially low concentration readings for the first two timepoints (Appendix F, Table 4, 1447 

ppm at 32 minutes, and 1689 ppm at 62 minutes). This was caused by the large volume of the Miran 

detector flow cell relative to the sampling flow rate to the inlet Miran of 200 ml/min. Excluding the first 

two timepoints from the calculation results in an estimated concentration of 1752 ± 7 ppm.

 

4.4 Radioactivity Retained Following Exposure

Four rats were euthanized immediately following inhalation exposure to [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Study A, 

Group 1, rats 1-01, 1-02, 1-03, and 1-04). The amount of radioactivity retained in the carcass was 

determined by solubilization followed by scintillation counting. The total radioactivity retained and the 

estimated dose in mg/kg are presented in Table 3. The amount of radioactivity retained in Group 1 

ranged from approximately 22 to 28 μCi. The estimated dose was 532 ± 38 mg/kg. This estimate of 

dose included radioactivity recovered in carcass, from washing the bag used to euthanize the rat with 

CO2 (Transfer Bag Rinse), a VOC trap that was used to trap any exhaled volatiles while the rat was in the 

transfer bag, the nose only tube wash, and feces recovered from the nose only tube. The vast majority 

(99%) of the radioactivity was recovered in the carcass (Table 4). 

4.5 Excretion of Radioactivity

Four rats were placed in metabolism cages for collection of urine and feces and exhaled breath 

immediately following the inhalation exposure to [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Study B, Group 2, Rats 2-05, 2-06, 2-

07, and 2-08). Transfer of the rats from the inhalation tower to the metabolism cage was conducted with 

the rat retained in the nose-only tube contained within a polyethylene bag. Following transfer of the rat to 

the metabolism cage, radioactivity retained in the bag was recovered by washing with water. The noseonly tube was washed and any feces were collected for digestion and scintillation counting. The rats 

were maintained in the metabolism cages for 7 days following the end of the exposure. On the morning 

of the last day in metabolism cages, one rat was found dead, as a result of asphyxiation because of 

clogging of one of the sinters in the exhaled CO2 traps, which had restricted air flow (Rat 2-08). Samples 

from this rat were collected, and analyzed for the recovery of radioactivity. The total recovery of 
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12

radioactivity from all of the samples collected from rats in group 2 is presented in Table 3, and ranged 

from approximately 22 to 28 μCi. The estimated dose was 510 ± 40 mg/kg (Table 3). 

The amount of radioactivity in urine, feces, exhaled VOCs, and CO2 expressed as a percentage 

of the total radioactivity recovered is presented in Table 5. Urinary excretion was the primary route of 

elimination, with 71% of the recovered radioactivity excreted in the urine, and 2% excreted in feces. 

Exhaled volatiles (VOC traps) accounted for the second largest fraction of the excreted radioactivity, with 

the majority of the VOC radioactivity retained on the first charcoal trap in a series of two. A second 

extract of the first trap recovered additional radioactivity, with approximately 25 % (the first and second 

extract combined) of the recovered radioactivity in the first trap. The recovery of the radioactivity from 

the exhaled VOC traps was investigated by extracting the first VOC traps from the 0-1 hr timepoint for rats 

2-01, 2-02, 2-03, and 2-04 three times with successive aliquots of DMF. The weight of DMF added was 

recorded, and the weight of DMF extract removed was also recorded. The amount of radioactivity 

recovered in each extract was calculated based on the amount of radioactivity removed, and on the 

amount of radioactivity in the total volume of DMF. Compared with three successive extracts, it was 

determined that a single extract recovered approximately 82.5 ± 5.9 % of the radioactivity, and two 

extracts recovered 99.8 ± 1.1 % of the radioactivity. For the samples obtained at times up to 24 hours, 

two extracts were applied to each of the VOC trap 1 samples. For those samples of VOC trap 1 obtained 

after 24 hours, a single extraction with DMF was conducted. Exhaled 14CO2 accounted for approximately 

0.5 % of the recovered radioactivity.

Radioactivity in urine was excreted primarily in the first 48 hours (Table 6), with 37%, 22%, 9.3% 

and 1.9% excreted at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Less than 1% of the radioactivity was 

recovered in urine at 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours. In feces (Table 7), approximately 0.9 % of the 

recovered activity was found in the 0-24 h samples, which contained the largest amount of fecal 

radioactivity. 

Radioactivity in the first CO2 trap was excreted primarily in the first 48 hours (Table 8). Many of 

the samples collected after 48 hours contained levels of radioactivity below 3 times background. Little 

radioactivity was recovered in the second CO2 trap (Table 9). Many of the samples collected contained 

levels of radioactivity that were below 3 times background.

The majority of the radioactivity retained on the charcoal traps for exhaled volatiles was retained 

on the first charcoal trap of two in series in the first 24 hours (Table 10). For each of the VOC Trap 1 

samples collected between 0 and 24 hours, a second extract was performed. Data from these analyses 

are presented in Table 11. For the cumulative total, approximately 14% was recovered in the first extract

(0-168h), and 11 % in the second extract (0-24h). Very little of the dose was trapped in the VOC Trap 2 

samples, with one exception. For rat 2-05, the 48-72 h VOC trap 2 sample contained 0.113 % of the 

radioactivity, whereas the 48-72 h VOC trap 1 sample contained only 0.000%. Reanalysis of these 

samples suggested that the traps were switched in order during collection.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

13

The cumulative excretion of radioactivity (Table 13) shows that approximately 95% of the activity 

was recovered by 48 hours following exposure. 

4.6 TBA in Exhaled VOC Traps

To evaluate the pulmonary excretion of TBA, DMF extracts of the charcoal exhaled VOC traps 

were analyzed by GC-FID for quantitation of TBA. This analysis was confined to the first VOC trap, since 

the amount of radioactivity recovered from VOC Trap 2 was extremely low. The concentration of TBA 

was highest in the samples collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 12 hours (Table 14). The concentration of TBA in 

the extracts fell rapidly by 24 hours, and was not detectable in all but one sample by 96 hours (Rat 2-08, 

Exhaled VOC Trap 1, 168 hr, 0.013 mg/g). 

Comparison of the concentration of radioactivity (mg equiv. TBA/g DMF) vs. the concentration of

TBA measured in each DMF extract provided an estimate of the percentage of TBA in the exhaled VOC 

trap. The percentage as TBA was high initially at 84 % in the first hour following exposure, dropping to a 

low of approximately 28 % at 48 hours. 

4.7 Excretion of TBA and Metabolites in Urine

HPLC analysis of urine was limited to samples containing greater than 5% of the total recovered 

radioactivity. HPLC analysis of 14C TBA metabolites in urine revealed that little of the radioactivity was 

due to TBA itself. Typical chromatograms of urine are shown in Figure 1. The retention times of TBA and 

standards for 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid were established by 

chromatography with refractive index detection (Figure 2). The percentage of the total radioactivity that 

was present as unchanged 14C TBA in urine was extremely low at all time points measured (Table 16), 

with the highest levels observed at 12 h following exposure, with 14C TBA accounting for 4.4% of the 

urinary radioactivity. At 24 hours, 14C TBA was detected in urine from two of four rats, and by 48 hours 

none was detected in any of the urine samples of exposed animals. Three additional radiolabeled peaks 

(metabolites) were observed. One of these peaks (Peak 3) co-eluted with 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol. 

Peak 2 was removed after incubation with β-glucuronidase, producing TBA and a broad peak at a 

retention time of approximately 15 minutes (Figure 3). Incubation with acid caused movement of peaks 1 

and 2 with the appearance of a new peak that was consistent with the retention time of α-methylisobutyric acid. 

5.0 CONCLUSION

The objectives of the study were successfully met. A nose-only system for the inhalation 

exposure of rats to 14C TBA was implemented. Male rats were exposed to 14C TBA/TBA, and the 

recovery of radioactivity was determined immediately following exposure and over a 7-day period with 

collection of urine, feces, exhaled volatiles and 14C CO2. Comparison of the exposure of rats to 1750 ppm 

[2-

14C]TBA/TBA euthanized immediately following exposure (532 ± 38 mg/kg) with that of rats euthanized
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

14

following 7 days of collection of excreta and exhaled breath (510 ± 40 mg/kg) yielded values that were 

very similar. This suggested that there were no significant losses of radioactivity from the various sample 

types during processing of radioactivity.

Urinary excretion was the major route of excretion, followed by exhalation as volatile components. 

Radioactivity was rapidly excreted in urine (71% of the recovered radioactivity, Table 6) and in exhaled 

breath as volatile components (25% of the recovered radioactivity, Tables 10 and 11). The cumulative 

excretion of radioactivity was 86% and 96% within 24 and 48 hours, respectively, of the end of the 

exposure. At seven days, only 0.6% was recovered in the carcass. 

The determination of unchanged TBA and metabolites in urine and exhaled breath traps indicated 

that TBA is extensively metabolized. Unchanged TBA was detected as a substantial component in 

exhaled breath (ranging from mean values of 95 – 49% in the first 24 h following exposure), and as a 

minor component in urine at 12 (mean value of 4.4 %) and 24 hours (0.5 %, mean of two animals). In 

urine collected at 12 h, three metabolites and 14C TBA were detected by HPLC with radioactivity 

detection. By 24 hours, 14C TBA was detected in 2/4 urine samples, and by 48 h was not detected. The 

three metabolites were tentatively identified as 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, TBA glucuronide, and a 

glucuronide of α-hydroxyisobutyric acid. 

Analysis of the drinking water for the presence of oxygenates during the study revealed the 

presence of a single measurement of tertiary butyl alcohol (2.2 μg/L) that was above the reporting limit 

(1.0 μg/L). The detected concentration is considerably below the interim drinking water standard level of 

12 μg/L developed by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) (Office 

of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment 1999). Estimation of the consumption of water from rats 

administered TBA (NTP 1995) in the drinking water (approximately 22 ml/day) suggests that the 

consumption of unlabeled TBA was at most 0.3388 μg (2.2 μg/L x 0.022 L/day x 7 days). 

6.0 REFERENCES

Baker, R. C., Sorensen, S. M. and Deitrich, R. A. (1982). The in vivo metabolism of tertiary butanol by 

adult rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 6:247-51.

Borghoff, S. J., Prescott, J. S., Janszen, D. B., Wong, B. A. and Everitt, J. I. (2001). alpha 2u-Globulin 

nephropathy, renal cell proliferation, and dosimetry of inhaled tert-butyl alcohol in male and female F-344 

rats. Toxicol Sci 61:176-86.

Faulkner, T. P. and Hussain, A. S. (1989). The pharmacokinetics of tertiary butanol in C57BL/6J mice. 

Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 64:31-9.

Mahler, J. (1997). NTP technical report on toxicity studies of t-butyl alcohol (CAS No. 75-65-0). 

Administered by inhalation to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Toxic Rep Ser:1-56, A1-D9.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

15

NTP (1995). NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of t -Butyl Alcohol (CAS No. 75-65-0) in F344/N 

Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 436:1-305.

Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (1999). Expedited Evaluation of Risk Assessment 

for Tertiary Butyl Alcohol in Drinking Water.

Poet, T. S., Valentine, J. L. and Borghoff, S. J. (1997). Pharmacokinetics of tertiary butyl alcohol in 

male and female Fischer 344 rats. Toxicol Lett 92:179-86.

US EPA (1988). Recommendations for and documentation of biological values for use in risk

assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, Ohio. EPA/600/6-87/008.

Williams, T. M. and Borghoff, S. J. (2001). Characterization of tert-butyl alcohol binding to alpha2uglobulin in F-344 rats. Toxicol Sci 62:228-35.

7.0 RECORDS AND REPORTS

The following will be maintained in the record:

a) Protocol and any amendments

b) Animal receipt records

c) Quarantine records

d) Temperature and humidity records for the treatment rooms

e) Animal research facility room logs

f) Feed and water analysis for contaminants

g) Randomization records

h) Test chemical receipt, storage, and use records

i) Balance calibration log references

j) Correspondences

k) All other raw data and documentation

Upon acceptance of the audited draft report by the Sponsor, a final report will be issued. 

8.0 STORAGE OF RECORDS AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

A copy of the final report and the records for this study, including all raw data, will be retained in 

the RTI Archives, under the responsibility of the RTI Quality Assurance Unit, for the length of time 

specified in the appropriate regulations.

Biological specimens that remain stable for reanalysis and samples of nonradiolabeled and 

radiolabeled TBA will be stored at RTI in a secured area by the RTI project number for up to two years 

after the date of submission of the final report.

The Sponsor will be notified in writing when the RTI retention time has expired.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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9.0 REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

These studies were performed in compliance with the EPA Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) 

Standards for Inhalation Exposure Health Effects Testing, 40 CFR part 79, subpart F § 79.60. Deviations 

from the approved protocol are documented in Appendix A. 

10.0 STUDY PARTICIPANTS

RTI International

Study Director: Timothy R. Fennell, Ph.D.

Veterinarian: J.S. Scott-Emuakpor, D.V.M.

Animal Facility Supervisor: 

Laboratory Staff: N. F. Gaudette, BS

Y. Hong, BS

R. W. Snyder, MS

M. P. Gower

Secretary: K. G. Ancheta

Quality Assurance Reviewer: K. Collier

C. Ingalls

CIIT Centers for Health Research

Principal Investigator:: R Arden James.

Laboratory Staff: K. Roberts

Quality Assurance Reviewer: P. O’Brien Pommerleau

A. Matrone
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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Table 1. Male Fischer 344 Rats Used on the Study

Group Subject Species Strain Subj Wta

Group 1 Study A 1-01 Rat Fischer 344 192.73 g

Group 1 Study A 1-02 Rat Fischer 344 201.00 g

Group 1 Study A 1-03 Rat Fischer 344 196.32 g

Group 1 Study A 1-04 Rat Fischer 344 187.85 g

Group 2 Study B 2-05 Rat Fischer 344 193.42 g

Group 2 Study B 2-06 Rat Fischer 344 203.17 g

Group 2 Study B 2-07 Rat Fischer 344 203.48 g

Group 2 Study B 2-08 Rat Fischer 344 202.00 g

Group 3 Study B BKGb 3-09 Rat Fischer 344 187.70 g

Group 3 Study B BKG 3-10 Rat Fischer 344 206.45 g

Group 4 Study A BKGb 4-11 Rat Fischer 344 195.31 g

a

Body weight on the day of exposure

b

Animals used in Group 3 and Group 4 were not exposed to [2-

14C]TBA/TBA, and provided samples for 

determination of background only.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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Table 2. Exposure Conditions and Concentration of [2-

14C]TBA/TBA.

Analysis results

Treatment name: TBA 1750 Nose-Only Inhalation

Dpm/g of dose prep: 556338044.1 dpm/g

Molecular weight: 74.12 

Specific Activity: 0.2506 μCi/mg

Exposure Summary

Target (ppm) 

Number of Open Ports

1750

12

ACC1 - Inlet Mean 1724

(ppm) Std Dev 85

No. of Data Points2 13

ACC - Exhaust Mean 1581

(ppm) Std Dev 40

No. of Data Points2 13

Exposure Mean 72.8

Temperature Std Dev 0.5

(°F) No. of Data Points2 13

Exposure Mean 47.6

Relative Humidity Std Dev 0.5

(%) No. of Data Points2 13

Exposure Mean -0.05

Static Pressure Std Dev 0.00

(in H20) No. of Data Points2 13

1

ACC Analytical Chamber Concentration

2

Data points were collected during the 6-h inhalation exposure.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

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Table 3. Total Recovery of Radioactivity following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA

Rat

Total DPM 

Recovered

Total 

μCi

Dose 

(mg)

Bodyweight

(g)

Dose 

(mg/kg)

Group

Mean 

Dose 

(mg/kg) SD

1-01 59,110,333.86 26.6263 106.25 192.73 551.3 531.68 38.15

1-02 60,334,744.16 27.1778 108.45 201 539.6

1-03 61,168,290.20 27.5533 109.95 196.32 560.0

1-04 49,730,780.50 22.4013 89.39 187.85 475.9

2-05 49,473,192.23 22.2852 88.93 193.42 459.8 509.56 40.30

2-06 56,087,309.04 25.2646 100.82 203.17 496.2

2-07 60,071,898.65 27.0594 107.98 203.48 530.7

2-08 61,989,781.11 27.9233 111.42 202 551.6
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

20

Table 4. Radioactivity in Group 1 Study A Rats Following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA, Expressed as a Percentage of the 

Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 1 Study 

A

Group 1 Study 

A

Group 1 Study 

A

Group 1 Study 

A

Group 1 Study 

A

Group 1 Study 

A

Sample 1-01 1-02 1-03 1-04 Mean SD

Feces 0.216 0.041 0.244 1.670 0.543 0.757

Transfer Bag Rinse 0.032 * 0.005 0.561 0.033 0.158 0.269

Carcass Digest 99.469 99.623 98.765 96.918 98.694 1.241

Exhaled VOC1 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.016 0.006 0.007

Nose Only Tube Rinse 0.281 0.329 0.426 1.362 0.600 0.512

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 0.000

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.

1 Exhaled VOC represents the charcoal trap attached to the Tedlar bag used for euthanizing the rats. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

21

Table 5. Radioactivity in Excreta and Carcass following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a 

Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B

Male Male Male Male

Sample 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Urine 74.113 70.499 69.858 69.479 70.987 2.126

Feces 1.293 1.850 1.264 2.550 1.739 0.604

CO2 Trap 1 0.571 0.540 0.570 0.537 0.555 0.019

CO2 Trap 2 0.020 0.032 0.043 0.051 0.037 0.013

Exhaled VOC Trap 11 12.402 14.420 15.042 14.894 14.190 1.221

VOC Trap 1 Extract 22 10.051 11.181 12.087 11.429 11.187 0.848

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 0.114 0.005 0.006 0.002 0.032 0.055

Nose Only Tube Rinse 0.698 0.247 0.237 0.184 0.342 0.239

Transfer Bag Rinse 0.018 0.032 *0.009 0.014 0.018 0.010

Carcass Digest 0.579 0.784 0.622 0.510 0.624 0.116

Cage Rinse 0.139 0.409 0.263 0.350 0.290 0.118

Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.000 0.000

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.

1

The first extract of the first VOC trap in series

2

The second extract of the first VOC trap in series
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

22

Table 6. Radioactivity in Urine following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the 

Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Urine 0 - 12 h 46.743 34.991 29.371 36.637 36.936 7.240

Urine 12 h - 24 h 18.627 19.231 26.677 22.963 21.875 3.732

Urine 24 h - 48 h 6.700 12.137 10.677 7.662 9.294 2.542

Urine 48 h - 72 h 1.492 2.590 2.077 1.407 1.891 0.553

Urine 72 h - 96 h 0.284 0.548 0.580 0.479 0.473 0.133

Urine 96 h - 120 h 0.128 0.294 0.247 0.205 0.218 0.070

Urine 120 h - 144 h 0.085 0.387 0.159 0.066 0.174 0.147

Urine 144 h - 168 h 0.054 0.321 0.069 0.061 0.126 0.130

Total 74.113 70.499 69.858 69.479 70.987 2.126

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

23

Table 7. Radioactivity in Feces following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the 

Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Feces 0 h 0.126 0.266 0.091 1.034 0.379 0.443

Feces 0 h - 24 h 0.929 0.952 0.845 0.800 0.881 0.071

Feces 24 h - 48 h 0.134 0.206 0.221 0.233 0.199 0.044

Feces 48 h - 72 h 0.065 0.056 0.045 0.089 0.064 0.019

Feces 72 h - 96 h *0.017 0.063 0.035 0.082 0.049 0.029

Feces 96 h - 120 h *0.005 *0.007 0.013 *0.008 0.008 0.003

Feces 120 h - 144 h *0.009 0.013 *0.008 0.262 0.073 0.126

Feces 144 h - 168 h *0.008 0.286 *0.007 0.042 0.086 0.135

Total 1.293 1.850 1.264 2.550 1.739 0.604

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

24

Table 8. Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 following exposure to 1750 ppm 14C TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the 

Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

CO2 Trap 1 0 - 1 h 0.051 0.044 0.035 0.034 0.041 0.008

CO2 Trap 1 1 h - 3 h 0.061 0.057 0.053 0.050 0.055 0.005

CO2 Trap 1 3 h - 5 h 0.058 0.051 0.043 0.043 0.049 0.007

CO2 Trap 1 5 h - 7 h 0.042 0.045 0.047 0.042 0.044 0.003

CO2 Trap 1 7 h - 12 h 0.083 0.086 0.098 0.090 0.089 0.007

CO2 Trap 1 12 h - 24 h 0.163 0.141 0.205 0.192 0.175 0.029

CO2 Trap 1 24 h - 48 h 0.062 0.069 0.052 0.057 0.060 0.007

CO2 Trap 1 48 h - 72 h *0.022 *0.023 *0.017 *0.006 0.017 0.008

CO2 Trap 1 72 h - 96 h *0.013 *0.010 *0.008 *0.011 0.011 0.002

CO2 Trap 1 96 h - 120 h *0.008 *0.009 *0.005 *0.006 0.007 0.002

CO2 Trap 1 120 h - 144 h *0.003 *0.004 *0.002 *0.004 0.003 0.001

CO2 Trap 1 144 h - 168 h *0.005 *0.002 *0.003 *0.002 0.003 0.002

Total 0.571 0.540 0.570 0.537 0.555 0.019

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

25

Table 9. Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 following exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of 

the Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B Group 2 Study B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

CO2 Trap 2 0 - 1 h *0.001 *0.000 *0.003 *0.000 0.001 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 1 h - 3 h *0.001 *0.002 *0.001 *0.000 0.001 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 3 h - 5 h *0.000 *0.001 *0.003 *0.003 0.002 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 5 h - 7 h *0.000 *0.003 *0.000 *0.000 0.001 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 7 h - 12 h *0.000 *0.002 *0.000 *0.000 0.001 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 12 h - 24 h *0.002 *0.002 *0.002 *0.003 0.002 0.000

CO2 Trap 2 24 h - 48 h *0.009 *0.011 *0.019 *0.016 0.013 0.005

CO2 Trap 2 48 h - 72 h *0.005 *0.006 *0.006 *0.020 0.009 0.007

CO2 Trap 2 72 h - 96 h *0.000 *0.003 *0.003 *0.004 0.002 0.002

CO2 Trap 2 96 h - 120 h *0.001 *0.000 *0.002 *0.003 0.001 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 120 h - 144 h *0.002 *0.001 *0.003 *0.002 0.002 0.001

CO2 Trap 2 144 h - 168 h *0.000 *0.001 *0.001 *0.001 0.001 0.000

Total 0.020 0.032 0.043 0.051 0.037 0.013

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

26

Table 10. Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 following exposure to 1750 ppm 14C TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a Percentage 

of the Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 0 - 1 h 2.159 2.688 2.415 3.147 2.602 0.423

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h - 3 h 2.443 2.446 2.229 2.561 2.420 0.138

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h - 5 h 2.719 2.479 2.287 2.601 2.521 0.185

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h - 7 h 2.209 2.061 2.415 2.078 2.191 0.164

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h - 12 h 2.129 3.011 3.730 3.072 2.986 0.657

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h - 24 h 0.449 0.690 1.266 0.877 0.820 0.345

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h - 48 h 0.184 0.757 0.560 0.222 0.431 0.275

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h - 72 h 0.000 0.154 0.039 0.146 0.085 0.077

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h - 96 h 0.036 0.046 0.030 0.055 0.042 0.011

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h - 120 h 0.038 0.035 0.027 0.037 0.034 0.005

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h - 144 h 0.019 0.027 0.025 0.029 0.025 0.005

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h - 168 h 0.018 0.027 0.018 0.067 0.033 0.024

Total 12.402 14.420 15.042 14.894 14.190 1.221
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

27

Table 11. Radioactivity in VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a 

Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 

Study B

Group 2 

Study B

Group 2 

Study B

Group 2 

Study B

Group 2 

Study B

Group 2 

Study B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 0 - 1 h 1.922 2.348 2.414 2.384 2.267 0.232

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h - 3 h 2.059 2.135 2.058 2.478 2.183 0.200

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h - 5 h 2.320 2.179 2.165 2.326 2.247 0.088

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h - 7 h 1.459 1.469 1.737 1.508 1.543 0.131

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h - 12 h 1.919 2.536 2.925 2.124 2.376 0.447

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h - 24 h 0.373 0.514 0.788 0.608 0.571 0.174

Total 10.051 11.181 12.087 11.429 11.187 0.848

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

28

Table 12. Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, Study B) Expressed as a 

Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 

Study B

Male Male Male Male

2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 0 - 1 h *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h - 3 h *0.000 *0.000 0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h - 5 h *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h - 7 h *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h - 12 h *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h - 24 h *0.000 *0.000 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.002

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h - 48 h 0.001 0.001 *0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h - 72 h 0.113 0.001 *0.000 *0.000 0.028 0.056

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h - 96 h *0.000 0.001 *0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h - 120 h *0.000 0.001 *0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h - 144 h 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h - 168 h *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 *0.000 0.000 0.000

Total 0.114 0.005 0.006 0.002 0.032 0.055

* Value is below 3 x background for the sample.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

29

Table 13. Cumulative Recovery of Radioactivity in Excreta and Carcass following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA (Group 2, 

Study B) Expressed as a Percentage of the Total Radioactivity Recovered

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Group 2 Study 

B

Male Male Male Male

Timepoint 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

0 h 0.842 0.545 0.328 1.231 0.737 0.391

1 h 4.974 5.624 5.192 6.796 5.647 0.813

3 h 9.536 10.262 9.533 11.885 10.304 1.108

5 h 14.633 14.970 14.028 16.856 15.122 1.220

7 h 18.343 18.545 18.228 20.484 18.900 1.064

12 h 69.217 59.168 54.353 62.407 61.286 6.237

24 h 89.758 80.695 84.138 87.848 85.610 4.022

48 h 96.838 93.865 95.649 96.022 95.593 1.255

72 h 98.508 96.667 97.809 97.664 97.662 0.759

96 h 98.829 97.325 98.454 98.281 98.222 0.640

120 h 98.995 97.655 98.741 98.524 98.479 0.582

144 h 99.099 98.083 98.926 98.881 98.747 0.453

168 h 99.889 99.911 99.898 99.912 99.902 0.011

Total 99.889 99.911 99.898 99.912 99.902 0.011
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

30

Table 14. TBA Measured by GC in DMF Extracts of VOC Trap 11 following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA

TBA Concentration (mg/g)

Sample Timepoint 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 0.796 0.810 0.843 1.149 0.899 0.167

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 0.638 0.680 0.751 0.902 0.743 0.116

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 0.697 0.652 0.649 0.806 0.701 0.073

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 0.562 0.563 0.768 0.635 0.632 0.097

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 0.524 0.786 1.191 0.999 0.875 0.287

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 0.075 0.099 0.247 0.218 0.159 0.086

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 0.011 0.083 0.011 0.024 0.032 0.034

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 0.014 0.021 <LOQ 0.028 0.021 0.007

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ -

2 -

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ - -

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h NA <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ - -

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h NA <LOQ NA 0.013 - -

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 0.299 0.431 0.465 0.465 0.415 0.079

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 0.329 0.377 0.408 0.523 0.409 0.082

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 0.344 0.371 0.414 0.482 0.403 0.060

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 0.243 0.269 0.322 0.308 0.286 0.036

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 0.310 0.474 0.569 0.430 0.446 0.108

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 0.039 0.082 0.130 0.100 0.088 0.038

1 VOC Trap 1 was extracted to give Exhaled VOC Trap 1 for all samples, and a second extract VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 for the samples collected 

between 1 and 24 h. 

2

- Mean and SD not calculated for values less than limit of quantitation (<LOQ)
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

31

Table 15. Percentage of Radioactivity as TBA in the DMF Extracts of VOC Trap 11 following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA

% of Radioactivity as TBA

Sample Timepoint 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 Mean SD

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 99.6 70.8 82. 5 83.1 84.0 11.8

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 75.0 72.2 77. 5 79.3 76.0 3.1

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 79.6 66.6 68.5 75.2 72.5 6.0

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 73.8 70.1 75.2 71.1 72.5 2.4

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 69.7 68.4 76.4 75.3 72.5 4.0

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 42.6 40.5 56.4 57.4 49.3 8.9

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 26.8 42.9 6.9 35.9 28.1 15.6

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 54.3 54.0 <LOQ 66.0 58.1 6.8

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ -

2 -

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ - -

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h NA3 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ - -

Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h NA <LOQ NA 69.9 - -

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 92.1 96.2 91.3 89.2 92.2 2.9

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 92.9 92.9 97.6 96.3 94.9 2.4

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 84.0 85.3 93.5 94.1 89.2 5.3

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 94.7 91.1 88.1 91.8 91.4 2.7

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 91.9 92.8 92.8 92.1 92.4 0.5

VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 61.2 75.6 76.7 75.8 72.3 7.4

1 VOC Trap 1 was extracted to give Exhaled VOC Trap 1 for all samples, and a second extract VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 for the samples 

collected between 1 and 24 h 

2

- Mean and SD not calculated for values less than limit of quantitation (<LOQ). 3

NA = not analyzed.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

32

Table 16. Analysis of Radioactivity in Urine following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA

Time point Animal Percentage of radioactivity present (%a) Recoveryb (%)

Peak 1 Peak 2 Peak 3 Peak 4 (14C TBA) (HPLC)

2-05 35.7 36.1 19.6 4.13 108

12 hr 2-06 33.3 38.0 20.3 4.69 96.1

2-07 26.2 43.8 21.3 4.21 98.3

2-08 30.3 41.8 19.2 4.58 98.2

Mean 31.4 39.9 20.1 4.40

SD 4.10 3.51 0.920 0.274

CV%c 13.1% 8.78% 4.58% 6.23%

2-05 71.0 11.5 14.3 0.469 95.7

24 hr 2-06 65.3 13.7 17.7 0.524 106

2-07 57.9 17.8 20.9 * 98.1

2-08 63.5 15.8 17.2 * 94.9

Mean 64.4 14.7 17.5 0.497

SD 5.40 2.71 2.70 -

CV% 8.38% 18.4% 15.4% -

2-05 64.9 11.6 7.98 * 96.6

48 hr 2-06 71.9 10.4 12.5 * 96.4

2-07 81.9 7.79 * * 97.4

2-08 76.2 8.82 * * 96.9

Mean 73.7 9.65 10.2 -

SD 7.17 1.68 - -

CV% 9.72% 17.5% - -

a

Values represent (radioactivity detected in each peak/ total radioactivity recovered from the column)*100

b Total recovery of radioactivity in the collected eluent, as a percentage of the radioactivity injected. c CV% = coefficient of variation, calculated as (SD/Mean)*100.

* Peak not detected with radioactivity detector.

- Values not calculated for less than three determinations.
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

33

Figure 1. Cumulative Excretion of Radioactivity in Urine and Feces.

Graph of cumulative recovery against time for Mean

Feces

Urine

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (Days)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Cumulative recovery (%)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Time (Days)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Cumulative recovery (%)
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

34

Figure 2. HPLC Analysis of Urinary Metabolites from Rat 2-06 Following Exposure to 1750 ppm [2- 14C]TBA/TBA. 

Sample from Rat 2-06 obtained at 12 h (top) 24 h (middle) and 48 h (bottom). Chromatograms 

represent detection of radioactivity. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 g

mV

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 Peak1 - 3.820 Peak2 - 5.077 Peak3 - 7.750 Peak4 (14C TBA) - 20.391

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 g

mV

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 Peak1 - 3.870 Peak2 - 5.092 Peak3 - 7.667

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 g

mV

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 Peak1 - 3.786 Peak2 - 4.880 Peak3 - 7.542

 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

35

Figure 3. HPLC Separation of 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol, α-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid, and TBA. 

Unlabeled standard 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid were 

chromatographed with labeled TBA to establish retention time in the HPLC system used for analysis of 

urinary metabolites. The eluted peaks were detected with refractive index detection. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

mV -200.00

-150.00

-100.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol - 8.066 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid - 9.607 [14C] TBA - 19.847
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

36

Figure 4. HPLC Analysis of Urinary Metabolites from Rat 2-06 after Incubation with βGlucuronidase or Acid Treatment 

Sample from Rat 2-06 12 h urine following exposure to 1750 ppm [2-

14C]TBA/TBA, incubated with 

buffer (top), with β-glucuronidase (middle) and with acid (bottom). Chromatograms represent detection of 

radioactivity. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 g

mV

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 Peak1 - 3.775 Peak2 - 5.141 Peak3 - 7.832 Peak4 (14C TBA) - 20.594

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 g

mV

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 Peak1 - 3.851 Peak3 - 7.718 Peak4 (14C TBA) - 20.117

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 g

mV

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

Minutes

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 7.783 8.733 20.466
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

A-1

Appendix A

Approved Study Protocol, Amendments, and Deviations
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A - 2
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A-3
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A-4
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A-5
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RTI Protocol No. RTI-935 (RTI Project No. 020908.004)

Deviations from the Approved Protocol

The deviations listed below did not affect the results of the study.

Deviation

Protocol section 8.5.1 indicated that control samples of urine and feces will be collected prior to dosing on 

study Day 1 and analyzed for radiochemical content to determine background counts. The protocol 

indicates that excreta are to be obtained from unexposed rats for a period of 48 hours (Section 3.0, Page 

7).

Reason for the Deviation

Excreta were not collected prior to exposure for determination of background because two unexposed 

rats were used to generate background samples at the time of collection from the exposed animals.

Deviation

The stability of TBA was not monitored by sampling at the beginning of the exposure, but it was sampled 

at the end of the exposure by sampling at the top of the tower (inlet). The samples obtained (2) were 

taken for GC-MS and HPLC analysis.

Reason for the Deviation

This deviation was an oversight. The test chemical was sampled and purity and identity were checked in 

the preparation used for exposure. A sample was collected at the end of the exposure to verify purity.

Deviation

The concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was 1.0 N instead of 0.1 N which was stated in Section 

8.5.3 and 8.4.1 of the protocol.

Reason for the Deviation

The value of 0.1 N was a typographical error in the protocol. The concentration was intended to match 

the concentration used in previous studies investigating TAME previously conducted by the sponsor 

elsewhere. 1.0 N is the concentration used typically for trapping exhaled 14CO2. The study protocol was 

amended to include this change.

Deviation

The protocol indicates that aliquots of 0.1 N KOH will be analyzed for radioactivity by LSS after 

neutralization, and addition of scintillation cocktail. Aliquots of the CO2 traps were analyzed without 

neutralization

Reason for the Deviation

Neutralization of KOH trap aliquots was an error in the protocol. The protocol was amended.

Deviation

The protocol does not specify that the animals were to be randomized and assigned into groups. The 

animals were randomized according to SOP DPK-HUS-001, and they were assigned to study groups 

using the randomization.

Reason for the Deviation
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A-26

Section 7.2 indicated that animals would be specifically purchased for each study and would not be 

randomly assigned to groups. However, both Study A and Study B were conducted on the same day, so 

animals were randomly assigned to study A and B, and to unexposed animals.

Deviation

Charcoal in traps used to collect exhaled volatile organic compounds was removed from the traps and 

subjected to 4 mL extractions with dimethylformamide. 

Reason for the Deviation

The original procedure stated in the protocol was not effective for extraction of volatile organic 

compounds collected in the traps.

Deviation

The protocol indicated that "The chemical and radiochemical purity of the test substance will be verified 

by RTI using GC methods based upon those available in the literature, or developed by RTI." 

Radiochemical purity was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography and not gas 

chromatography. 

Reason for the Deviation

The radiochemical purity of the radiolabeled material was determined by high pressure liquid 

chromatography. RTI does not have the capability to determine the radiochemical purity by gas 

chromatography. This is an error in the development of the protocol.
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B - 1

Appendix B

Test Chemical Analysis Report
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B-2
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Appendix C

Test Chemical Analysis Report: 2-

14C Tertiary Butyl Alcohol
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Appendix D

Reference Standards Analysis Report
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D-2
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D-3
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Appendix E

Pre-Study Inhalation Report
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Appendix F

Inhalation Report
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F-2
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F-3
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Appendix G

Example Calculations
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G-2

Formulae for Calculations

Formulae used in the Debra system for calculations are shown below:

Aliquot dpm/g is calculated by:

dpm/g = aliquot corrected count (dpm) / aliquot weight (g)

The mean of these aliquot figures for the sample is calculated by:

Mean dpm/g = Sum of all aliquot dpm/g / number of aliquots

The weight of the sample used for calculations is calculated from the pot weight (before sample 

collection) and sample weight (weight of pot + sample):

Weight of the sample = sample weight – pot weight

Depending on the nature of the sample processing, Effective weight may be one of a number of values:

If processing type does not use homogenate (e.g. for urine, exhaled VOC trap, CO2 trap, Cage Wash) 

then:

Effective weight = weight of the sample

If processing type uses homogenate (e.g. for feces and carcass) then:

Effective weight = Homogenate weight

To calculate the total dpm in the sample, Debra uses the previously calculated figures;

Total Dpm = Mean dpm/g * Effective weight

For inhalation exposure, where the dpm administered is not precisely known, the Dose Dpm is calculated 

as the sum of all dpm recovered for each animal.

Recovery is calculated by:

Recovery = 100* (Total Dpm/ Dose Dpm)

Concentration is calculated by:

Concentration = (Total dpm/ effective weight) / (Specific activity)

Results are expressed in terms of the arithmetic mean ± standard deviation. Mean values were calculated 

using:

Standard deviation was calculated using:
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G-4

Example Calculations

Examples of the calculations for urine, feces, exhaled VOC trap, CO2 trap, and cage rinse made in the 

DebraTM system are shown below:

Subject = 2-05 

Tissue = Urine 

Timepoint = 24 h 

Aliquot 1 dpm/g = 1472068.215/0.5091

= 2891510.9310548 dpm/g

Aliquot 2 dpm/g = 1496832.465/0.5175

= 2892429.88405797 dpm/g

Sum of dpm/g = 5783940.81511277 dpm/g

Number of aliquots = 2

Mean dpm/g = Sum of dpm/g / Number of aliquots

= 5783940.81511277 / 2

= 2891970.40755639 dpm/g

Recovery Effective Wt

= Sample weight

= 3.1866g

Concentration Effective Weight

= Sample weight

= 3.1866g

Total dpm = Dpm/g x Recovery effective weight

= 2891970.40755639 x 3.1866

= 9215552.90071918 dpm

Dose dpm (using Exposure Dose)

= sum of all dpm recovered

= 49473192.2325294 dpm

Recovery = 100 x (Total dpm / Dose dpm)

= 100 x (9215552.90071918 / 49473192.2325294)

= 100 x (0.186273666300025)

= 18.6273666300025%

Concentration = (Total dpm/Concentration effective weight) / (Specific activity)

= (9215552.90071918 / 3.1866) / (0.2506030761 μCi/mg)

= (2891970.40755639 dpm/g) / (556338.828942 dpm/mg)

= 5.19821780740363 mg/g

Subject = 2-05 

Tissue = Feces 

Timepoint = 24 h 

Aliquot 1 dpm/g = 3912.08625/0.1122

= 34867.0788770053 dpm/g

Aliquot 2 dpm/g = 3094.52625/0.0848

= 36492.0548349057 dpm/g

Sum of dpm/g = 71359.133711911 dpm/g

Number of aliquots = 2

Mean dpm/g = Sum of dpm/g / Number of aliquots

= 71359.133711911 / 2

= 35679.5668559555 dpm/g

Recovery Effective Weight

= Homogenate weight

= 12.8805g

Concentration Effective Weight

= Sample weight
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G-5

= 6.3064g

Total dpm = Dpm/g x Recovery effective weight

= 35679.5668559555 x 12.8805

= 459570.660888135 dpm

Dose dpm (using Exposure Dose)

= sum of all dpm recovered

= 49473192.2325294 dpm

Recovery = 100 x (Total dpm / Dose dpm)

= 100 x (459570.660888135 / 49473192.2325294)

= 100 x (0.00928928658430009)

= 0.928928658430009%

Concentration = (Total dpm/Concentration effective weight) / (Specific activity)

= (459570.660888135 / 6.3064) / (0.2506030761 μCi/mg)

= (72873.6935316718 dpm/g) / (556338.828942 dpm/mg)

= 0.130987969454257 mg/g

Subject = 2-05 

Tissue = Carcass Digest 

Timepoint = 168 h 

Aliquot 1 dpm/g = 412.47/0.8479

= 486.460667531549 dpm/g

Aliquot 2 dpm/g = 451.32/0.9093

= 496.337842296272 dpm/g

Sum of dpm/g = 982.79850982782 dpm/g

Number of aliquots = 2

Mean dpm/g = Sum of dpm/g / Number of aliquots

= 982.79850982782 / 2

= 491.39925491391 dpm/g

Recovery Effective Weight

= Homogenate weight

= 583.38g

Concentration Effective Weight

= Sample weight

= 214.6g

Total dpm = Dpm/g x Recovery effective weight

= 491.39925491391 x 583.38

= 286672.497331677 dpm

Dose dpm (using Exposure Dose)

= sum of all dpm recovered

= 49473192.2325294 dpm

Recovery = 100 x (Total dpm / Dose dpm)

= 100 x (286672.497331677 / 49473192.2325294)

= 100 x (0.00579450171689518)

= 0.579450171689518%

Concentration = (Total dpm/Concentration effective weight) / (Specific activity)

= (286672.497331677 / 214.6) / (0.2506030761 μCi/mg)

= (1335.84574711872 dpm/g) / (556338.828942 dpm/mg)

= 0.0024011370007359 mg/g

Subject = 2-05 

Tissue = CO2 Trap 1 

Timepoint = 48 h 

Aliquot 1 dpm/g = 52.13875/1.0448

= 49.9030915007657 dpm/g

Aliquot 2 dpm/g = 68.56875/1.0425

= 65.773381294964 dpm/g
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G-6

Sum of dpm/g = 115.67647279573 dpm/g

Number of aliquots = 2

Mean dpm/g = Sum of dpm/g / Number of aliquots

= 115.67647279573 / 2

= 57.8382363978649 dpm/g

Recovery Effective Wt

= Sample weight

= 529.19g

Concentration Effective Weight

= Sample weight

= 529.19g

Total dpm = Dpm/g x Recovery effective weight

= 57.8382363978649 x 529.19

= 30607.4163193861 dpm

Dose dpm (using Exposure Dose)

= sum of all dpm recovered

= 49473192.2325294 dpm

Recovery = 100 x (Total dpm / Dose dpm)

= 100 x (30607.4163193861 / 49473192.2325294)

= 100 x (0.000618666694793575)

= 0.0618666694793575%

Concentration = (Total dpm/Concentration effective weight) / (Specific activity)

= (30607.4163193861 / 529.19) / (0.2506030761 μCi/mg)

= (57.8382363978649 dpm/g) / (556338.828942 dpm/mg)

= 0.000103962249961695 mg/g

Subject = 2-05 

Tissue = Exhaled VOC Trap 1 

Timepoint = 48 h 

Aliquot 1 dpm/g = 2184.66857142857/0.0935

= 23365.4392666157 dpm/g

Aliquot 2 dpm/g = 2312.18857142857/0.0971

= 23812.4466676475 dpm/g

Sum of dpm/g = 47177.8859342632 dpm/g

Number of aliquots = 2

Mean dpm/g = Sum of dpm/g / Number of aliquots

= 47177.8859342632 / 2

= 23588.9429671316 dpm/g

Recovery Effective Wt

= Sample weight

= 3.8622g

Concentration Effective Weight

= Sample weight

= 3.8622g

Total dpm = Dpm/g x Recovery effective weight

= 23588.9429671316 x 3.8622

= 91105.2155276557 dpm

Dose dpm (using Exposure Dose)

= sum of all dpm recovered

= 49473192.2325294 dpm

Recovery = 100 x (Total dpm / Dose dpm)

= 100 x (91105.2155276557 / 49473192.2325294)

= 100 x (0.00184150671134079)

= 0.184150671134079%
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G-7

Concentration = (Total dpm/Concentration effective weight) / (Specific activity)

= (91105.2155276557 / 3.8622) / (0.2506030761 μCi/mg)

= (23588.9429671316 dpm/g) / (556338.828942 dpm/mg)

= 0.0424003174683873 mg/g

Subject = 2-05 

Tissue = Cage Rinse 

Timepoint = 168 h 

Aliquot 1 dpm/g = 295.995/0.892

= 331.832959641256 dpm/g

Aliquot 2 dpm/g = 316.605/0.8937

= 354.263175562269 dpm/g

Sum of dpm/g = 686.096135203525 dpm/g

Number of aliquots = 2

Mean dpm/g = Sum of dpm/g / Number of aliquots

= 686.096135203525 / 2

= 343.048067601762 dpm/g

Recovery Effective Wt

= Sample weight

= 200.08g

Concentration Effective Weight

= Sample weight

= 200.08g

Total dpm = Dpm/g x Recovery effective weight

= 343.048067601762 x 200.08

= 68637.0573657606 dpm

Dose dpm (using Exposure Dose)

= sum of all dpm recovered

= 49473192.2325294 dpm

Recovery = 100 x (Total dpm / Dose dpm)

= 100 x (68637.0573657606 / 49473192.2325294)

= 100 x (0.00138735857276318)

= 0.138735857276318%

Concentration = (Total dpm/Concentration effective weight) / (Specific activity)

= (68637.0573657606 / 200.08) / (0.2506030761 μCi/mg)

= (343.048067601762 dpm/g) / (556338.828942 dpm/mg)

= 0.00061661715802606 mg/g

The concentrations of TBA determined in DMF extracts of Exhaled VOC Traps by gas chromatography 

were calculated based on a calibration curve, with a linear regression (y=bx+a) of slope 1280, intercept 

2.856, and linear correlation coefficient of 0.992. Concentrations were measured as μg TBA/μl DMF. 

Using the regression equation, concentrations for samples were calculated from peak areas:

Concentration = (Peak Area – intercept)/Slope

Concentrations measured as μg TBA/μl DMF were converted to units of μg TBA/mg DMF (or mg TBA/g 

DMF) for comparison with values measured for radioactivity using the density of DMF for conversion, as 

follows 

Concentration (μg TBA/mg DMF) = Concentration (μg TBA/μl DMF)/0.949
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H-1

Appendix H

Raw Data Tables
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H - 2

Sample Naming and Abbreviations

In the tables of raw data values in this appendix, the table headings are derived from the conventions of 

sample naming used in the Debra system. These are explained below. Example calculations and 

formulae are provided in Appendix G.

Column Heading Source Explanation

Subject Animal number

Sample The type of sample, e.g. urine, 

feces

Time The time of sample collection

Pot wt Balance The weight of the empty sample 

container

Samp wt Balance Sample weight, the weight of 

sample + empty sample container

Corr Samp Calculated The corrected sample weight, 

calculated from Samp wt – Pot wt

Homog wt Balance For samples requiring 

homogenization, the weight of pot 

+ sample + medium for 

homogenization. 

Corr Homog Calculated Corrected Homogenate Weight, 

calculated from Homog Wt – Samp 

Wt.

Alq wt Balance Aliquot weight, weight of aliquot 

removed for scintillation counting

Orig DPM Scintillation Counter Original DPM, the DPM measured 

in each aliquot.

Bkg DPM Scintillation Counter The background DPM determined 

for the batch of samples

Calc DPM Calculated The calculated DPM for the aliquot, 

= Orig DPM – Calc DPM

LOD Calculated Limit of Detection. If Orig DPM

value is less than Bkg DPM, then 

the sample is flagged with an *
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H - 3

Column Heading Source Explanation

LOQ Calculated Limit of Quantitation. If Orig DPM

value is less than 3 x Bkg DPM, 

then the sample is flagged with an 

*

DPM/g Calculated Calculated value of DPM/g sample.

Sample DPM Calculated Total DPM in the sample.

Reco (%) Calculated Percentage of the total recovered 

radioactivity present in the sample.

Sample DPM Sum Calculated The sum of radioactivity in all 

samples for a subject.
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H - 4

Table 1. Preparation of 14C TBA Formulation (Feedstock) for Inhalation Exposure

[

14C] TBA Test Material

Specific activity 7.3 mCi/mmol (A)

Nonradiolabeled TBA Test Material

Molecular weight 74.12

g/mol or 

mg/mmol (B)

Density 0.781 mg/μL (C)

Formulation (Feedstock)

Nonradiolabeled TBA 8.9693 g (D

[14C] TBA 0.0309 g (E)

Net Feedstock Weight 9.0002 g (F)=(D+E)

Total TBA present in the formulation (by weight) 9.0002 g (F)=(D+E)

Total TBA present in the formulation (by weight) 9000.2 mg (G)=(D+E)*100

Nominal Specific Activity

Activity present 3.043308149 mCi (H)=((E)*1000/(B))*(A)

[14C]TBA and nonradiolabeled TBA 9000.2 mg (G)

Nominal Specific Activity 0.000338138 mCi/mg (I)=(H)/(G)

Nominal Specific Activity 0.338137836 μCi/mg (J)=(I)*1000

Nominal Specific Activity 25.06277638 μCi/mmol (K)=(((H)*1000)/(G))*(B)

Formulation Dilution

Weight of Feedstock 0.0121 g (L)

Weight of Water 10.1036 g (M)

Total weight of solution 10.1157 g (N)=(L)+(M)

Dose Formulation Dilution Aliquots

Aliq #

Aliquot Wt 

(g) DPM DPM/g

1 0.1186 78813.9 664535.4

2 0.1237 82635.8 668034

3 0.1288 85502.5 663839.3

Mean dilution DPM/g 665469.6 (O)

Total Radioactivity in the Dilution 6731690.334 DPM (P)=(M)*(O)

Radiochemical Concentration of the Feedstock 556338044.1 DPM/g (Q)=(P)/(L)

Radiochemical Concentration of the Feedstock 250.6027226 μCi/g (R)=(Q)/2220000

Specific Activity (μCi/mg TBA) 0.250602723 μCi/mg (S)=(R)*(F)/(G)

Specific Activity (μCi/mmol TBA) 18.5746738 μCi/mmol (T)=(R)*(B)/1000
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H - 5

Table 2. Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 1. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr 

Samp

Homog 

wt

Corr 

Homog

Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg 

DPM

Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Recovery

(%)

1-01 Feces 0 h 17.1491 g 19.1633 g 2.0142 g 21.3519 

g

4.2028 g 0.0775 g

0.0589 g

2355.72

1813.94

19.27

19.27

2336.455

1794.675

30147.806

30469.864

127381.9731 

dpm

0.215

1-01 Carcass Digest 0 h 107.92 g 293.96 g 186.04 g 783.61 g 675.69 g 0.4277 g

0.4578 g

37178.83

39886.08

4.03

4.03

37174.800

39882.050

86917.933

87116.754

58796748.8875 

dpm

99.469

1-01 Exhaled VOC 0 h 15.1571 g 18.8776 g 3.7205 g N.A. N.A. 0.0905 g

0.0898 g

28.69

26.47

0.67

0.67

28.025

25.805

309.669

287.361

1110.6238 dpm 0.002

1-01 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 81.9423 g 125.5502 g 43.6079 

g

N.A. N.A. 0.1507 g

0.1582 g

578.23

602.02

1.70

1.70

576.535

600.325

3825.713

3794.722

166155.5883 

dpm

0.281

1-01 Transfer Bag 

Rinse 

 0 h 287.67 g 398.52 g 110.85 g N.A. N.A. 0.1642 g

0.1678 g

26.19

32.67

1.04

1.04

25.150

31.630

153.167

188.498

18936.7872 dpm 0.032

1-02 Feces 0 h 16.8063 g 17.2823 g 0.4760 g 18.4583 

g

1.6520 g 0.0763 g

0.0668 g

1175.29

1021.04

19.27

19.27

1156.025

1001.775

15151.048

14996.632

24901.9839 dpm 0.041

1-02 Carcass Digest 0 h 107.28 g 300.18 g 192.90 g 769.27 g 661.99 g 0.4304 g

0.4431 g

39197.21

40119.34

4.03

4.03

39193.180

40115.310

91062.221

90533.311

60107213.0993 

dpm

99.623

1-02 Exhaled VOC 0 h 15.0588 g 18.9152 g 3.8564 g N.A. N.A. 0.0923 g

0.0934 g

19.81

19.35

0.67

0.67

19.145

18.685

207.421

200.054

785.6933 dpm 0.001

1-02 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 81.6788 g 129.1637 g 47.4849 

g

N.A. N.A. 0.1634 g

0.1525 g

684.85

640.58

1.70

1.70

683.155

638.885

4180.875

4189.410

198731.0728 

dpm

0.329

1-02 Transfer Bag 

Rinse 

 0 h 288.36 g 528.87 g 240.51 g N.A. N.A. 0.1668 g

0.1601 g

1.45

4.79

1.04

1.04

0.410

3.750

*

*

2.458

23.423

3112.3069 dpm 0.005

1-03 Feces 0 h 17.2105 g 19.0064 g 1.7959 g 22.0264 

g

4.8159 g 0.0420 g

0.0532 g

1321.20

1669.08

19.27

19.27

1301.935

1649.815

30998.452

31011.560

149317.0097 

dpm

0.244

1-03 Carcass Digest 0 h 107.93 g 296.94 g 189.01 g 836.10 g 728.17 g 0.4344 g

0.4404 g

36033.02

36553.10

4.03

4.03

36028.990

36549.070

82939.664

82990.622

60412728.2023 

dpm

98.765

1-03 Exhaled VOC 0 h 15.1591 g 19.0830 g 3.9239 g N.A. N.A. 0.0910 g

0.0907 g

62.28

53.18

0.67

0.67

61.615

52.515

677.088

578.997

2464.3752 dpm 0.004

1-03 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 80.3060 g 126.4599 g 46.1539 

g

N.A. N.A. 0.1481 g

0.1304 g

845.49

730.93

1.70

1.70

843.795

729.235

5697.468

5592.293

260533.2472 

dpm

0.426

1-03 Transfer Bag 

Rinse 

 0 h 286.08 g 443.75 g 157.67 g N.A. N.A. 0.1773 g

0.1554 g

382.59

343.23

1.04

1.04

381.550

342.190

2152.002

2201.995

343247.3620 

dpm

0.561

1-04 Feces 0 h 17.2253 g 20.6504 g 3.4251 g 23.7856 

g

6.5603 g 0.1027 g

0.0603 g

13092.03

7614.69

19.27

19.27

13072.765

7595.425

127290.798

125960.614

830702.6192 

dpm

1.670

1-04 Carcass Digest 0 h 107.69 g 286.22 g 178.53 g 763.68 g 655.99 g 0.4276 g

0.4506 g

31375.46

33159.92

4.03

4.03

31371.430

33155.890

73366.300

73581.647

48198191.8677 

dpm

96.918

1-04 Exhaled VOC 0 h 15.2184 g 18.9558 g 3.7374 g N.A. N.A. 0.0899 g

0.0937 g

196.10

200.53

0.67

0.67

195.435

199.865

2173.915

2133.031

8048.3908 dpm 0.016

1-04 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 77.6745 g 123.5568 g 45.8823 

g

N.A. N.A. 0.1296 g

0.1284 g

1935.39

1876.51

1.70

1.70

1933.695

1874.815

14920.486

14601.363

677265.1671 

dpm

1.362

1-04 Transfer Bag 

Rinse 

 0 h 287.65 g 536.46 g 248.81 g N.A. N.A. 0.1486 g

0.1565 g

13.04

9.25

1.04

1.04

12.000

8.210

80.754

52.460

16572.4584 dpm 0.033

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 6

Table 3. Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 1. 

Subject Sample Time Sample DPM Sample DPM Sum Recovery (%)

1-01 Feces 0 h 127381.9731 dpm 59110333.860 dpm 0.215

1-01 Carcass Digest 0 h 58796748.8875 dpm 99.469

1-01 Exhaled VOC 0 h 1110.6238 dpm 0.002

1-01 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 166155.5883 dpm 0.281

1-01 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 18936.7872 dpm 0.032

1-02 Feces 0 h 24901.9839 dpm 60334744.156 dpm 0.041

1-02 Carcass Digest 0 h 60107213.0993 dpm 99.623

1-02 Exhaled VOC 0 h 785.6933 dpm 0.001

1-02 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 198731.0728 dpm 0.329

1-02 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 3112.3069 dpm 0.005

1-03 Feces 0 h 149317.0097 dpm 61168290.196 dpm 0.244

1-03 Carcass Digest 0 h 60412728.2023 dpm 98.765

1-03 Exhaled VOC 0 h 2464.3752 dpm 0.004

1-03 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 260533.2472 dpm 0.426

1-03 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 343247.3620 dpm 0.561

1-04 Feces 0 h 830702.6192 dpm 49730780.503 dpm 1.670

1-04 Carcass Digest 0 h 48198191.8677 dpm 96.918

1-04 Exhaled VOC 0 h 8048.3908 dpm 0.016

1-04 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 677265.1671 dpm 1.362

1-04 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 16572.4584 dpm 0.033
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 7

Table 4. Recovery of Radioactivity in Urine from Group 2.

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Urine 12 h 48.4777 g 55.5796 g 7.1019 g 0.5018 g

0.5113 g

1637519.88

1661278.13

12.42

12.42

1637507.465

1661265.715

3263267.168

3249101.731

23125096.3422 dpm 46.743

2-05 Urine 24 h 49.0173 g 52.2039 g 3.1866 g 0.5091 g

0.5175 g

1472080.63

1496844.88

12.42

12.42

1472068.215

1496832.465

2891510.931

2892429.884

9215552.9007 dpm 18.627

2-05 Urine 48 h 48.9178 g 57.6047 g 8.6869 g 0.5031 g

0.5104 g

191790.38

194940.59

12.42

12.42

191777.965

194928.175

381192.536

381912.569

3314508.8677 dpm 6.700

2-05 Urine 72 h 48.3855 g 64.8394 g 16.4539 g 0.4994 g

0.4997 g

23677.51

21161.84

12.42

12.42

23665.095

21149.425

47387.054

42324.245

738050.3714 dpm 1.492

2-05 Urine 96 h 48.2028 g 57.1882 g 8.9854 g 0.5040 g

0.5043 g

7878.68

7930.01

12.42

12.42

7866.265

7917.595

15607.669

15700.169

140656.7202 dpm 0.284

2-05 Urine 120 h 48.3716 g 56.8512 g 8.4796 g 0.5059 g

0.5137 g

3846.39

3810.20

14.99

14.99

3831.400

3795.210

7573.433

7387.989

63433.4395 dpm 0.128

2-05 Urine 144 h 49.8184 g 58.5489 g 8.7305 g 0.5027 g

0.5109 g

2421.95

2505.26

14.99

14.99

2406.960

2490.270

4788.064

4874.281

42178.5521 dpm 0.085

2-05 Urine 168 h 48.2023 g 56.5844 g 8.3821 g 0.5082 g

0.5107 g

1601.91

1664.44

8.59

8.59

1593.320

1655.850

3135.222

3242.314

26728.5757 dpm 0.054

2-06 Urine 12 h 49.8359 g 55.9201 g 6.0842 g 0.5025 g

0.5088 g

1622134.25

1639983.00

12.42

12.42

1622121.835

1639970.585

3228103.154

3223212.628

19625547.7404 dpm 34.991

2-06 Urine 24 h 48.2608 g 50.4130 g 2.1522 g 0.4959 g

0.5164 g

2472429.75

2601387.25

12.42

12.42

2472417.335

2601374.835

4985717.554

5037519.045

10786004.9045 dpm 19.231

2-06 Urine 48 h 49.2520 g 57.9015 g 8.6495 g 0.5058 g

0.5120 g

398530.56

402483.47

12.42

12.42

398518.145

402471.055

787896.688

786076.279

6807039.5921 dpm 12.137

2-06 Urine 72 h 48.3592 g 60.0249 g 11.6657 g 0.5019 g

0.5042 g

64208.31

61098.18

12.42

12.42

64195.895

61085.765

127905.748

121153.838

1452727.2057 dpm 2.590

2-06 Urine 96 h 48.5784 g 57.9105 g 9.3321 g 0.5000 g

0.5052 g

16424.76

16722.69

12.42

12.42

16412.345

16710.275

32824.690

33076.554

307498.4988 dpm 0.548

2-06 Urine 120 h 48.8772 g 58.1885 g 9.3113 g 0.5009 g

0.5066 g

8874.07

8999.24

14.99

14.99

8859.080

8984.250

17686.325

17734.406

164906.5238 dpm 0.294

2-06 Urine 144 h 48.2892 g 57.1652 g 8.8760 g 0.4986 g

0.5010 g

12200.45

12256.26

14.99

14.99

12185.460

12241.270

24439.350

24433.673

216898.4753 dpm 0.387

2-06 Urine 168 h 49.6696 g 61.0100 g 11.3404 g 0.5019 g

0.5053 g

7996.96

8034.14

8.59

8.59

7988.370

8025.550

15916.258

15882.743

180306.6963 dpm 0.321

2-07 Urine 12 h 48.5781 g 53.3809 g 4.8028 g 0.5125 g

0.5121 g

1864389.63

1899674.88

12.42

12.42

1864377.215

1899662.465

3637809.200

3709553.730

17643957.3395 dpm 29.371

2-07 Urine 24 h 48.0274 g 51.5810 g 3.5536 g 0.5038 g

0.5159 g

2287319.75

2310785.50

12.42

12.42

2287307.335

2310773.085

4540109.835

4479110.457

16025350.6161 dpm 26.677

2-07 Urine 48 h 48.2920 g 58.3811 g 10.0891 g 0.5178 g

0.5093 g

328525.50

324468.25

12.42

12.42

328513.085

324455.835

634440.102

637062.311

6414157.4994 dpm 10.677

2-07 Urine 72 h 48.4478 g 59.1004 g 10.6526 g 0.5099 g

0.5128 g

61115.38

58673.90

12.42

12.42

61102.965

58661.485

119833.232

114394.472

1247567.0173 dpm 2.077

2-07 Urine 96 h 48.3720 g 58.1982 g 9.8262 g 0.5051 g

0.5094 g

17897.08

18100.37

12.42

12.42

17884.665

18087.955

35408.167

35508.353

348419.9528 dpm 0.580

2-07 Urine 120 h 48.3381 g 58.3222 g 9.9841 g 0.5070 g

0.5124 g

7531.42

7617.89

14.99

14.99

7516.430

7602.900

14825.306

14837.822

148079.8168 dpm 0.247

2-07 Urine 144 h 48.6293 g 56.4096 g 7.7803 g 0.5056 g

0.5131 g

6264.36

6306.39

14.99

14.99

6249.370

6291.400

12360.305

12261.547

95782.6977 dpm 0.159

2-07 Urine 168 h 48.5092 g 54.1272 g 5.6180 g 0.5096 g

0.5153 g

3792.09

3814.00

8.59

8.59

3783.500

3805.410

7424.451

7384.844

41599.3078 dpm 0.069
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 8

Table 4 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Urine from Group 2.

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-08 Urine 12 h 48.3010 g 54.7531 g 6.4521 g 0.5011 g

0.5119 g

1765224.25

1800520.50

12.42

12.42

1765211.835

1800508.085

3522673.788

3517304.327

22711321.3969 dpm 36.637

2-08 Urine 24 h 50.5195 g 54.1668 g 3.6473 g 0.5020 g

0.5119 g

1958559.38

1998603.88

12.42

12.42

1958546.965

1998591.465

3901487.978

3904261.506

14234955.0469 dpm 22.963

2-08 Urine 48 h 50.3854 g 61.6526 g 11.2672 g 0.4996 g

0.5061 g

210063.56

213895.67

12.42

12.42

210051.145

213883.255

420438.641

422610.660

4749402.5413 dpm 7.662

2-08 Urine 72 h 50.5831 g 63.2441 g 12.6610 g 0.4988 g

0.5047 g

34314.61

34828.00

12.42

12.42

34302.195

34815.585

68769.437

68982.732

872040.1056 dpm 1.407

2-08 Urine 96 h 50.7012 g 61.7412 g 11.0400 g 0.4969 g

0.5048 g

13373.21

13565.48

12.42

12.42

13360.795

13553.065

26888.297

26848.385

296626.4898 dpm 0.479

2-08 Urine 120 h 50.3520 g 61.9769 g 11.6249 g 0.4969 g

0.5047 g

5473.85

5483.55

14.99

14.99

5458.860

5468.560

10985.832

10835.268

126834.0564 dpm 0.205

2-08 Urine 144 h 47.8162 g 54.3558 g 6.5396 g 0.4967 g

0.5065 g

3119.05

3174.78

14.99

14.99

3104.060

3159.790

6249.366

6238.480

40832.7575 dpm 0.066

2-08 Urine 168 h 48.0251 g 54.4967 g 6.4716 g 0.4964 g

0.4989 g

2912.59

2923.72

8.59

8.59

2904.000

2915.130

5850.121

5843.115

37836.9722 dpm 0.061
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 9

Table 5. Recovery of Radioactivity in Feces from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Homog 

wt

Corr 

Homog

Alq wt Orig 

DPM

Bkg 

DPM

Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Feces 0 h 17.3561 g 18.3092 g 0.9531 g 19.5465 g 2.1904 g 0.0793 g

0.1011 g

2266.02

2918.78

19.27

19.27

2246.755

2899.515

28332.346

28679.674

62439.5633 dpm 0.126

2-05 Feces 24 h 50.4950 g 56.8014 g 6.3064 g 63.3755 g 12.8805 g 0.1122 g

0.0848 g

3930.69

3113.13

18.60

18.60

3912.086

3094.526

34867.079

36492.055

459570.6609 

dpm

0.929

2-05 Feces 48 h 50.3150 g 56.4899 g 6.1749 g 63.5808 g 13.2658 g 0.0781 g

0.0719 g

408.38

379.13

18.60

18.60

389.776

360.526

4990.733

5014.273

66362.2065 dpm 0.134

2-05 Feces 72 h 48.1692 g 56.7115 g 8.5423 g 66.3532 g 18.1840 g 0.0726 g

0.0642 g

156.50

124.90

18.60

18.60

137.896

106.296

1899.397

1655.705

32322.9893 dpm 0.065

2-05 Feces 96 h 48.0192 g 54.7298 g 6.7106 g 60.2640 g 12.2448 g 0.0583 g

0.0743 g

52.03

76.80

18.60

18.60

33.426

58.196

*

*

573.349

783.260

8305.7059 dpm 0.017

2-05 Feces 120 h 50.2988 g 55.6046 g 5.3058 g 60.6441 g 10.3453 g 0.0778 g

0.1007 g

34.16

45.39

18.60

18.60

15.556

26.786

*

*

199.952

266.000

2410.2081 dpm 0.005

2-05 Feces 144 h 48.3341 g 55.1847 g 6.8506 g 60.8989 g 12.5648 g 0.0788 g

0.0799 g

51.75

42.43

18.60

18.60

33.146

23.826

*

*

420.638

298.201

4516.0314 dpm 0.009

2-05 Feces 168 h 48.9074 g 57.3788 g 8.4714 g 67.9759 g 19.0685 g 0.0800 g

0.0582 g

34.75

29.87

18.60

18.60

16.146

11.266

*

*

201.828

193.578

3769.9026 dpm 0.008

2-06 Feces 0 h 17.3441 g 19.0451 g 1.7010 g 21.2880 g 3.9439 g 0.0858 g

0.0749 g

3228.24

2885.64

19.27

19.27

3208.975

2866.375

37400.641

38269.359

149217.4568 

dpm

0.266

2-06 Feces 24 h 48.2585 g 53.0876 g 4.8291 g 60.3116 g 12.0531 g 0.0742 g

0.1289 g

3367.54

5616.20

18.60

18.60

3348.936

5597.596

45133.912

43425.882

533710.0277 

dpm

0.952

2-06 Feces 48 h 48.3841 g 54.1529 g 5.7688 g 60.4651 g 12.0810 g 0.1018 g

0.0844 g

1050.80

779.79

18.60

18.60

1032.196

761.186

10139.452

9018.794

115725.3897 

dpm

0.206

2-06 Feces 72 h 50.3396 g 56.5580 g 6.2184 g 67.0466 g 16.7070 g 0.0913 g

0.0632 g

183.38

143.76

18.60

18.60

164.776

125.156

1804.778

1980.320

31618.8213 dpm 0.056

2-06 Feces 96 h 49.6338 g 56.1027 g 6.4689 g 62.1870 g 12.5532 g 0.0745 g

0.0714 g

230.57

216.53

18.60

18.60

211.966

197.926

2845.185

2772.076

35257.2997 dpm 0.063

2-06 Feces 120 h 50.3651 g 56.6967 g 6.3316 g 64.9455 g 14.5804 g 0.0971 g

0.0901 g

44.40

45.00

18.60

18.60

25.796

26.396

*

*

265.667

292.966

4072.5462 dpm 0.007

2-06 Feces 144 h 49.9713 g 55.7063 g 5.7350 g 61.2773 g 11.3060 g 0.0815 g

0.0628 g

71.02

60.68

18.60

18.60

52.416

42.076

643.144

670.004

7423.2265 dpm 0.013

2-06 Feces 168 h 50.2069 g 59.8452 g 9.6383 g 70.8147 g 20.6078 g 0.0523 g

0.0538 g

462.19

399.94

18.60

18.60

443.586

381.336

8481.573

7088.034

160427.6740 

dpm

0.286

2-07 Feces 0 h 16.9432 g 17.9306 g 0.9874 g 19.5061 g 2.5629 g 0.0875 g

0.0804 g

1912.96

1709.77

19.27

19.27

1893.695

1690.505

21642.229

21026.182

54677.4342 dpm 0.091

2-07 Feces 24 h 49.7696 g 57.4228 g 7.6532 g 64.6886 g 14.9190 g 0.0893 g

0.0924 g

3121.24

3092.33

18.60

18.60

3102.636

3073.726

34743.967

33265.436

507316.1385 

dpm

0.845

2-07 Feces 48 h 50.0818 g 57.4051 g 7.3233 g 64.6862 g 14.6044 g 0.0844 g

0.0664 g

782.14

623.68

18.60

18.60

763.536

605.076

9046.638

9112.594

132602.3451 

dpm

0.221

2-07 Feces 72 h 49.7447 g 55.7840 g 6.0393 g 64.0307 g 14.2860 g 0.0552 g

0.0752 g

124.64

156.25

18.60

18.60

106.036

137.646

1920.947

1830.402

26795.8846 dpm 0.045

2-07 Feces 96 h 50.3259 g 59.1257 g 8.7998 g 66.9389 g 16.6130 g 0.0886 g

0.0866 g

132.74

126.04

18.60

18.60

114.136

107.436

1288.220

1240.603

21005.6672 dpm 0.035

2-07 Feces 120 h 50.1903 g 58.6582 g 8.4679 g 68.3520 g 18.1617 g 0.0881 g

0.1038 g

61.66

56.44

18.60

18.60

43.056

37.836

488.720

364.511

7748.0653 dpm 0.013

2-07 Feces 144 h 49.7925 g 56.2451 g 6.4526 g 61.8678 g 12.0753 g 0.0659 g

0.0882 g

44.45

51.73

18.60

18.60

25.846

33.126

*

*

392.204

375.581

4635.6181 dpm 0.008

2-07 Feces 168 h 49.8721 g 57.0401 g 7.1680 g 68.1028 g 18.2307 g 0.0790 g

0.0661 g

38.40

32.72

18.60

18.60

19.796

14.116

*

*

250.585

213.559

4230.8391 dpm 0.007

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 10

Table 5 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Feces from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Homog 

wt

Corr 

Homog

Alq wt Orig 

DPM

Bkg 

DPM

Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco 

(%)

2-08 Feces 0 h 17.0588 g 20.5817 g 3.5229 g 22.8737 g 5.8149 g 0.0717 g

0.0673 g

7982.10

7380.21

19.27

19.27

7962.835

7360.945

111057.671

109375.111

640897.2929 

dpm

1.034

2-08 Feces 24 h 50.1918 g 56.3884 g 6.1966 g 63.7060 g 13.5142 g 0.1163 g

0.0825 g

4358.94

2992.43

18.60

18.60

4340.336

2973.826

37320.174

36046.379

495745.1346 

dpm

0.800

2-08 Feces 48 h 49.7597 g 55.3926 g 5.6329 g 62.3769 g 12.6172 g 0.0817 g

0.0752 g

947.34

887.74

18.60

18.60

928.736

869.136

11367.641

11557.663

144626.5707 

dpm

0.233

2-08 Feces 72 h 49.5965 g 56.8954 g 7.2989 g 65.3529 g 15.7564 g 0.0789 g

0.0590 g

303.33

219.56

18.60

18.60

284.726

200.956

3608.698

3406.038

55263.4920 dpm 0.089

2-08 Feces 96 h 50.7319 g 57.9331 g 7.2012 g 65.3341 g 14.6022 g 0.0976 g

0.0802 g

366.41

292.37

18.60

18.60

347.806

273.766

3563.589

3413.544

50940.7450 dpm 0.082

2-08 Feces 120 h 49.9121 g 55.6105 g 5.6984 g 64.0965 g 14.1844 g 0.1097 g

0.0973 g

55.32

54.72

18.60

18.60

36.716

36.116

*

*

334.697

371.184

5006.2519 dpm 0.008

2-08 Feces 144 h 50.2497 g 64.5511 g 14.3014 g 72.7015 g 22.4518 g 0.0970 g

0.0640 g

698.30

495.70

18.60

18.60

679.696

477.096

7007.178

7454.629

162346.7963 

dpm

0.262

2-08 Feces 168 h 50.2561 g 54.2132 g 3.9571 g 58.9658 g 8.7097 g 0.0770 g

0.0869 g

241.07

284.19

18.60

18.60

222.466

265.586

2889.172

3056.228

25891.3274 dpm 0.042

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 11

Table 6. Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 0.00 g 504.89 g 504.89 g 1.0380 g

1.0373 g

71.16

64.19

15.65

15.65

55.509

48.539

53.477

46.793

25312.6590 dpm 0.051

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 0.00 g 567.25 g 567.25 g 1.0353 g

1.0381 g

72.03

68.70

15.65

15.65

56.379

53.049

54.456

51.102

29938.9474 dpm 0.061

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 0.00 g 486.09 g 486.09 g 1.0369 g

1.0352 g

72.99

80.69

15.65

15.65

57.339

65.039

55.298

62.827

28709.8064 dpm 0.058

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 0.00 g 383.70 g 383.70 g 1.0380 g

1.0362 g

70.06

73.01

15.65

15.65

54.409

57.359

52.417

55.355

20676.0218 dpm 0.042

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 0.00 g 487.96 g 487.96 g 1.0383 g

1.0372 g

98.92

106.80

15.65

15.65

83.269

91.149

80.197

87.880

41007.3838 dpm 0.083

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 0.00 g 520.19 g 520.19 g 1.0343 g

1.0346 g

170.80

181.44

15.65

15.65

155.149

165.789

150.004

160.244

80693.9335 dpm 0.163

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 0.00 g 529.19 g 529.19 g 1.0448 g

1.0425 g

67.79

84.22

15.65

15.65

52.139

68.569

49.903

65.773

30607.4163 dpm 0.062

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 0.00 g 574.29 g 574.29 g 1.0440 g

1.0452 g

30.11

41.34

15.65

15.65

14.459

25.689

*

*

13.849

24.578

11034.1810 dpm 0.022

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 0.00 g 504.54 g 504.54 g 1.0474 g

1.0451 g

32.48

26.80

16.48

16.48

16.002

10.322

*

*

15.278

9.877

6345.6999 dpm 0.013

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 0.00 g 620.97 g 620.97 g 1.0540 g

1.0486 g

20.76

25.32

16.48

16.48

4.282

8.842

*

*

4.063

8.432

3879.4523 dpm 0.008

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 0.00 g 501.17 g 501.17 g 1.0445 g

1.0420 g

20.41

19.52

16.36

16.36

4.047

3.157

*

*

3.874

3.029

1729.9618 dpm 0.003

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 0.00 g 551.93 g 551.93 g 1.0472 g

1.0464 g

22.45

26.31

19.30

19.30

3.147

7.007

*

*

3.005

6.696

2677.0845 dpm 0.005

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 0.00 g 456.18 g 456.18 g 1.0363 g

1.0370 g

70.49

71.85

15.65

15.65

54.839

56.199

52.918

54.194

24431.0438 dpm 0.044

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 0.00 g 424.39 g 424.39 g 1.0375 g

1.0363 g

88.73

98.03

15.65

15.65

73.079

82.379

70.437

79.493

31814.5020 dpm 0.057

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 0.00 g 477.89 g 477.89 g 1.0375 g

1.0363 g

75.97

78.42

15.65

15.65

60.319

62.769

58.139

60.570

28364.8291 dpm 0.051

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 0.00 g 523.01 g 523.01 g 1.0369 g

1.0330 g

61.50

69.81

15.65

15.65

45.849

54.159

44.217

52.429

25273.3452 dpm 0.045

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 0.00 g 556.94 g 556.94 g 1.0352 g

1.0352 g

112.68

97.12

15.65

15.65

97.029

81.469

93.729

78.699

48016.0344 dpm 0.086

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 0.00 g 444.82 g 444.82 g 1.0367 g

1.0339 g

194.94

203.67

15.65

15.65

179.289

188.019

172.942

181.854

78910.1092 dpm 0.141

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 0.00 g 603.68 g 603.68 g 1.0487 g

1.0459 g

84.60

80.93

15.65

15.65

68.949

65.279

65.747

62.414

38684.0640 dpm 0.069

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 0.00 g 483.60 g 483.60 g 1.0467 g

1.0439 g

45.46

42.09

15.65

15.65

29.809

26.439

*

*

28.479

25.327

13010.2157 dpm 0.023

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 0.00 g 529.65 g 529.65 g 1.0446 g

1.0467 g

28.46

27.72

16.48

16.48

11.982

11.242

*

*

11.470

10.740

5881.9861 dpm 0.010

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 0.00 g 489.55 g 489.55 g 1.0438 g

1.0455 g

27.97

26.38

16.48

16.48

11.492

9.902

*

*

11.010

9.471

5013.1972 dpm 0.009

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 0.32 g 492.44 g 492.12 g 1.0417 g

1.0407 g

23.14

18.63

16.36

16.36

6.777

2.267

*

*

6.505

2.178

2136.6406 dpm 0.004

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 0.00 g 457.71 g 457.71 g 1.0441 g

1.0450 g

22.24

22.47

19.30

19.30

2.937

3.167

*

*

2.813

3.030

1337.1844 dpm 0.002

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 12

Table 6 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 1 from Group 2.

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 0.00 g 476.12 g 476.12 g 1.0407 g

1.0382 g

62.23

60.56

15.65

15.65

46.579

44.909

44.757

43.256

20952.4919 dpm 0.035

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 0.00 g 416.65 g 416.65 g 1.0365 g

1.0360 g

100.15

90.60

15.65

15.65

84.499

74.949

81.523

72.344

32054.4486 dpm 0.053

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 0.00 g 467.01 g 467.01 g 1.0370 g

1.0351 g

69.60

77.08

15.65

15.65

53.949

61.429

52.024

59.346

26005.3543 dpm 0.043

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 0.00 g 421.22 g 421.22 g 1.0356 g

1.0337 g

84.77

85.65

15.65

15.65

69.119

69.999

66.743

67.717

28318.4957 dpm 0.047

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 0.01 g 420.44 g 420.43 g 1.0430 g

1.0364 g

150.88

171.80

15.65

15.65

135.229

156.149

129.654

150.665

58927.0911 dpm 0.098

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 0.00 g 486.98 g 486.98 g 1.0452 g

1.0419 g

291.66

268.28

15.65

15.65

276.009

252.629

264.073

242.469

123337.9000 dpm 0.205

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 0.00 g 498.31 g 498.31 g 1.0480 g

1.0454 g

79.07

84.12

15.65

15.65

63.419

68.469

60.514

65.495

31395.8570 dpm 0.052

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 0.00 g 468.55 g 468.55 g 1.0466 g

1.0429 g

39.58

36.00

15.65

15.65

23.929

20.349

*

*

22.863

19.512

9927.4072 dpm 0.017

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 0.00 g 569.14 g 569.14 g 1.0477 g

1.0406 g

28.50

18.28

11.62

16.48

16.880

1.802

*

*

16.111

1.732

5077.6325 dpm 0.008

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 0.00 g 548.87 g 548.87 g 1.0413 g

1.0434 g

21.44

23.91

16.48

16.48

4.962

7.432

*

*

4.765

7.123

3262.5011 dpm 0.005

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 0.01 g 458.50 g 458.49 g 1.0351 g

1.0384 g

16.14

22.24

16.36

16.36

0.000

5.877

*

*

0.000

5.659

1297.3772 dpm 0.002

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 0.00 g 550.13 g 550.13 g 1.0447 g

1.0452 g

24.04

22.02

19.30

19.30

4.737

2.717

*

*

4.534

2.599

1962.0883 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 0.00 g 425.31 g 425.31 g 1.0379 g

1.0315 g

67.81

65.34

15.65

15.65

52.159

49.689

50.254

48.171

20930.6686 dpm 0.034

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 0.00 g 435.55 g 435.55 g 1.0382 g

1.0351 g

85.62

91.79

15.65

15.65

69.969

76.139

67.394

73.557

30695.6456 dpm 0.050

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 0.00 g 419.30 g 419.30 g 1.0374 g

1.0358 g

74.10

90.35

15.65

15.65

58.449

74.699

56.342

72.117

26931.3325 dpm 0.043

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 0.00 g 506.98 g 506.98 g 1.0386 g

1.0339 g

67.77

69.81

15.65

15.65

52.119

54.159

50.182

52.383

25999.1264 dpm 0.042

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 0.00 g 498.68 g 498.68 g 1.0375 g

1.0421 g

132.60

130.13

15.65

15.65

116.949

114.479

112.722

109.854

55496.9970 dpm 0.090

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 0.00 g 426.07 g 426.07 g 1.0495 g

1.0441 g

321.69

294.40

15.65

15.65

306.039

278.749

291.604

266.975

118996.9798 dpm 0.192

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 0.00 g 443.14 g 443.14 g 1.0501 g

1.0464 g

105.05

93.49

15.65

15.65

89.399

77.839

85.134

74.387

35345.0111 dpm 0.057

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 0.00 g 473.10 g 473.10 g 1.0459 g

1.0352 g

18.62

29.24

15.65

15.65

2.969

13.589

*

*

2.838

13.127

3776.5574 dpm 0.006

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 0.00 g 457.10 g 457.10 g 1.0393 g

1.0373 g

34.75

29.58

16.48

16.48

18.272

13.102

*

*

17.581

12.631

6904.9372 dpm 0.011

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 0.00 g 480.46 g 480.46 g 1.0427 g

1.0412 g

23.24

25.96

16.48

16.48

6.762

9.482

*

*

6.485

9.107

3745.6389 dpm 0.006

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 0.00 g 373.05 g 373.05 g 1.0407 g

1.0417 g

22.88

25.16

16.36

16.36

6.517

8.797

*

*

6.262

8.445

2743.1002 dpm 0.004

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 0.00 g 521.68 g 521.68 g 1.0356 g

1.0316 g

22.93

20.44

19.30

19.30

3.627

1.137

*

*

3.502

1.102

1200.8666 dpm 0.002

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 13

Table 7. Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 0.00 g 586.33 g 586.33 g 1.0367 g

1.0364 g

16.80

16.35

15.65

15.65

1.149

0.699

*

*

1.108

0.674

522.5057 dpm 0.001

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 0.00 g 447.27 g 447.27 g 1.0349 g

1.0348 g

15.00

17.71

15.65

15.65

0.000

2.059

*

*

0.000

1.990

444.9252 dpm 0.001

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 0.00 g 505.17 g 505.17 g 1.0359 g

1.0343 g

16.12

14.54

15.65

15.65

0.469

0.000

*

*

0.453

0.000

114.2960 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 0.00 g 362.03 g 362.03 g 1.0343 g

1.0319 g

12.07

17.05

15.65

15.65

0.000

1.399

*

*

0.000

1.356

245.3675 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 0.00 g 490.26 g 490.26 g 1.0317 g

1.0315 g

13.20

16.35

15.65

15.65

0.000

0.699

*

*

0.000

0.677

166.0539 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 0.00 g 430.42 g 430.42 g 1.0251 g

1.0225 g

19.52

8.91

15.65

15.65

3.869

0.000

*

*

3.774

0.000

812.2073 dpm 0.002

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 0.00 g 439.74 g 439.74 g 1.0392 g

1.0386 g

25.84

25.39

15.65

15.65

10.189

9.739

*

*

9.804

9.377

4217.3753 dpm 0.009

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 0.00 g 429.90 g 429.90 g 1.0380 g

1.0388 g

20.21

17.93

15.65

11.62

4.559

6.310

*

*

4.392

6.074

2249.7045 dpm 0.005

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 0.00 g 515.61 g 515.61 g 0.6031 g

0.7338 g

7.42

12.60

16.48

16.48

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 0.01 g 474.72 g 474.71 g 1.0404 g

1.0414 g

16.95

17.85

16.48

16.48

0.472

1.372

*

*

0.454

1.317

420.3863 dpm 0.001

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 0.00 g 488.66 g 488.66 g 1.0345 g

1.0358 g

14.11

20.20

16.36

16.36

0.000

3.837

*

*

0.000

3.704

905.0133 dpm 0.002

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 0.00 g 465.37 g 465.37 g 1.0371 g

1.0372 g

18.62

13.88

19.30

19.30

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 0.00 g 539.72 g 539.72 g 1.0373 g

1.0358 g

15.90

15.00

15.65

15.65

0.249

0.000

*

*

0.240

0.000

64.7138 dpm 0.000

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 0.00 g 481.65 g 481.65 g 1.0340 g

1.0330 g

17.93

18.61

15.65

15.65

2.279

2.959

*

*

2.204

2.864

1220.5133 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 0.00 g 445.61 g 445.61 g 1.0358 g

1.0341 g

13.20

18.18

15.65

15.65

0.000

2.529

*

*

0.000

2.445

544.8391 dpm 0.001

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 0.00 g 495.89 g 495.89 g 1.0362 g

1.0318 g

22.22

12.08

15.65

15.65

6.569

0.000

*

*

6.339

0.000

1571.7899 dpm 0.003

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 0.00 g 457.67 g 457.67 g 1.0412 g

1.0379 g

11.40

20.19

15.65

15.65

0.000

4.539

*

*

0.000

4.373

1000.6984 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 0.00 g 469.49 g 469.49 g 1.0344 g

1.0300 g

18.84

18.62

15.65

15.65

3.189

2.969

*

*

3.083

2.882

1400.2508 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 0.00 g 415.80 g 415.80 g 1.0400 g

1.0377 g

31.48

30.34

15.65

15.65

15.829

14.689

*

*

15.220

14.155

6107.0738 dpm 0.011

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 0.00 g 473.05 g 473.05 g 1.0390 g

1.0382 g

22.47

24.27

15.65

15.65

6.819

8.619

*

*

6.563

8.302

3515.8090 dpm 0.006

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 0.00 g 537.81 g 537.81 g 1.0375 g

1.0341 g

21.91

17.39

16.48

16.48

5.432

0.912

*

*

5.236

0.882

1645.0503 dpm 0.003

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 0.00 g 570.30 g 570.30 g 1.0361 g

1.0358 g

16.26

16.71

16.48

16.48

0.000

0.232

*

*

0.000

0.224

63.8683 dpm 0.000

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 0.00 g 435.00 g 435.00 g 1.0372 g

1.0348 g

19.07

16.59

16.36

16.36

2.707

0.227

*

*

2.610

0.219

615.2279 dpm 0.001

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 0.00 g 503.78 g 503.78 g 1.0371 g

1.0414 g

18.19

21.11

19.30

19.30

0.000

1.807

*

*

0.000

1.735

436.9899 dpm 0.001

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 14

Table 7 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in CO2 Trap 2 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 0.00 g 490.69 g 490.69 g 1.0364 g

1.0359 g

19.74

19.52

15.65

15.65

4.089

3.869

*

*

3.945

3.735

1884.2059 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 0.00 g 448.09 g 448.09 g 1.0371 g

1.0339 g

17.27

13.87

15.65

15.65

1.619

0.000

*

*

1.561

0.000

349.6990 dpm 0.001

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 0.00 g 446.02 g 446.02 g 1.0355 g

1.0349 g

22.44

17.49

15.65

15.65

6.789

1.839

*

*

6.556

1.777

1858.2873 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 0.01 g 392.82 g 392.81 g 1.0367 g

1.0333 g

15.68

14.09

15.65

15.65

0.029

0.000

*

*

0.028

0.000

5.4467 dpm 0.000

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 0.00 g 482.78 g 482.78 g 1.0339 g

1.0326 g

12.30

15.68

15.65

15.65

0.000

0.029

*

*

0.000

0.028

6.7209 dpm 0.000

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 0.00 g 445.59 g 445.59 g 1.0368 g

1.0326 g

19.53

18.39

15.65

15.65

3.879

2.739

*

*

3.741

2.652

1424.4095 dpm 0.002

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 0.00 g 429.69 g 429.69 g 1.0422 g

1.0427 g

42.31

43.01

15.65

15.65

26.659

27.359

*

*

25.579

26.238

11132.7684 dpm 0.019

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 0.00 g 459.73 g 459.73 g 1.0402 g

1.0393 g

25.17

23.61

15.65

15.65

9.519

7.959

*

*

9.151

7.658

3863.7279 dpm 0.006

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 0.00 g 446.79 g 446.79 g 1.0356 g

1.0363 g

19.41

20.77

16.48

16.48

2.932

4.292

*

*

2.831

4.142

1557.7036 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 0.00 g 487.53 g 487.53 g 1.0364 g

1.0381 g

17.16

21.23

16.48

16.48

0.682

4.752

*

*

0.658

4.578

1276.2660 dpm 0.002

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 0.00 g 445.83 g 445.83 g 1.0269 g

1.0363 g

17.94

23.35

16.36

16.36

1.577

6.987

*

*

1.535

6.742

1845.1343 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 0.00 g 417.56 g 417.56 g 1.0445 g

1.0434 g

18.18

21.11

19.30

19.30

0.000

1.807

*

*

0.000

1.732

361.5065 dpm 0.001

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 0.00 g 532.29 g 532.29 g 1.0377 g

1.0347 g

13.65

12.06

15.65

15.65

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 0.00 g 414.39 g 414.39 g 1.0341 g

1.0333 g

15.45

16.36

15.65

15.65

0.000

0.709

*

*

0.000

0.686

142.1170 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 0.00 g 460.63 g 460.63 g 1.0365 g

1.0336 g

19.74

18.84

15.65

15.65

4.089

3.189

*

*

3.945

3.085

1619.0815 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 0.00 g 440.05 g 440.05 g 1.0366 g

1.0303 g

11.62

16.37

15.65

15.65

0.000

0.719

*

*

0.000

0.698

153.4922 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 0.00 g 465.49 g 465.49 g 1.0314 g

1.0288 g

13.65

14.78

15.65

15.65

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 0.00 g 415.97 g 415.97 g 1.0388 g

1.0413 g

23.35

16.59

15.65

15.65

7.699

0.939

*

*

7.411

0.902

1728.9196 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 0.00 g 470.23 g 470.23 g 1.0409 g

1.0402 g

43.19

31.91

15.65

15.65

27.539

16.259

*

*

26.457

15.630

9895.3037 dpm 0.016

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 0.01 g 483.77 g 483.76 g 1.0368 g

1.0370 g

44.76

39.36

15.65

15.65

29.109

23.709

*

*

28.076

22.863

12320.9789 dpm 0.020

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 0.00 g 479.91 g 479.91 g 1.0323 g

1.0330 g

26.86

16.94

16.48

16.48

10.382

0.462

*

*

10.057

0.447

2520.5821 dpm 0.004

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 0.00 g 493.02 g 493.02 g 1.0325 g

1.0310 g

21.89

17.62

16.48

16.48

5.412

1.142

*

*

5.242

1.108

1565.1681 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 0.00 g 357.30 g 357.30 g 1.0382 g

1.0371 g

15.69

25.16

16.36

16.36

0.000

8.797

*

*

0.000

8.482

1515.3066 dpm 0.002

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 0.00 g 495.43 g 495.43 g 1.0350 g

1.0317 g

17.72

21.13

19.30

19.30

0.000

1.827

*

*

0.000

1.771

438.5894 dpm 0.001

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 15

Table 8. Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 16.6587 g 19.0611 g 2.4024 g 0.0952 g

0.0915 g

42609.00

40409.26

0.56

0.56

42608.445

40408.705

447567.700

441625.191

1068098.5005 

dpm

2.159

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 5.5949 g 8.1508 g 2.5559 g 0.0962 g

0.0964 g

45589.39

45475.99

1.37

1.37

45588.017

45474.617

473887.907

471728.389

1208450.3452 

dpm

2.443

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 5.6200 g 8.3826 g 2.7626 g 0.0953 g

0.0949 g

46341.34

46268.63

1.37

1.37

46339.967

46267.257

486253.585

487536.951

1345096.8679 

dpm

2.719

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 6.2892 g 8.8687 g 2.5795 g 0.0944 g

0.0967 g

40170.29

40778.50

3.11

3.11

40167.180

40775.390

425499.788

421668.976

1092635.9138 

dpm

2.209

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 6.3941 g 8.9155 g 2.5214 g 0.0949 g

0.0957 g

39733.92

39890.12

3.11

3.11

39730.810

39887.010

418659.747

416792.163

1053254.2231 

dpm

2.129

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 6.3346 g 8.6143 g 2.2797 g 0.0942 g

0.0965 g

9206.38

9380.16

3.11

3.11

9203.270

9377.050

97699.257

97171.503

222123.4352 dpm 0.449

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 15.4945 g 19.3567 g 3.8622 g 0.0935 g

0.0971 g

2185.72

2313.24

1.05

1.05

2184.669

2312.189

23365.439

23812.447

91105.2155 dpm 0.184

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 15.3148 g 19.1512 g 3.8364 g 0.0937 g

0.0948 g

5.56

4.23

1.05

1.05

4.509

3.179

48.117

33.529

156.6140 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 15.4770 g 19.4526 g 3.9756 g 0.0942 g

0.0946 g

426.16

427.73

1.05

1.05

425.109

426.679

4512.830

4510.344

17936.2656 dpm 0.036

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 15.5003 g 19.2707 g 3.7704 g 0.0946 g

0.0946 g

465.75

483.35

1.05

1.05

464.699

482.299

4912.247

5098.294

18871.8712 dpm 0.038

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 15.4025 g 19.2635 g 3.8610 g 0.0935 g

0.0920 g

233.14

215.81

1.05

1.05

232.089

214.759

2482.231

2334.332

9298.3749 dpm 0.019

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 15.5671 g 19.5384 g 3.9713 g 0.0952 g

0.0981 g

214.17

217.05

1.05

1.05

213.119

215.999

2238.640

2201.820

8817.2009 dpm 0.018

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 16.5047 g 18.8733 g 2.3686 g 0.0928 g

0.0950 g

59116.26

60404.46

0.56

0.56

59115.705

60403.905

637022.683

635830.579

1507440.1183 

dpm

2.688

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 5.4573 g 8.0748 g 2.6175 g 0.0962 g

0.0956 g

50487.18

50036.97

1.37

1.37

50485.807

50035.597

524800.485

523384.902

1371812.6259 

dpm

2.446

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 5.4917 g 8.0427 g 2.5510 g 0.0968 g

0.0945 g

52829.12

51430.03

1.37

1.37

52827.747

51428.657

545741.185

544218.589

1390243.6913 

dpm

2.479

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 6.2921 g 8.8802 g 2.5881 g 0.0943 g

0.0959 g

42269.10

42669.73

3.11

3.11

42265.990

42666.620

448207.741

444907.404

1155735.6531 

dpm

2.061

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 6.4080 g 9.0483 g 2.6403 g 0.0965 g

0.0975 g

61918.35

62157.82

3.11

3.11

61915.240

62154.710

641608.705

637484.205

1688594.5049 

dpm

3.011

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 6.3212 g 9.1878 g 2.8666 g 0.0981 g

0.0959 g

13209.38

12974.59

3.11

3.11

13206.270

12971.480

134620.489

135260.480

386820.3928 dpm 0.690

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 15.5030 g 19.4476 g 3.9446 g 0.0939 g

0.0961 g

10079.20

10378.35

1.05

1.05

10078.149

10377.299

107328.526

107984.376

424661.6370 dpm 0.757

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 15.3767 g 19.3583 g 3.9816 g 0.0948 g

0.0928 g

2070.28

2010.22

1.05

1.05

2069.229

2009.169

21827.306

21650.523

86555.6620 dpm 0.154

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 15.4565 g 19.1471 g 3.6906 g 0.0936 g

0.0947 g

655.83

667.72

1.05

1.05

654.779

666.669

6995.498

7039.795

25899.3251 dpm 0.046

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 15.4861 g 19.2296 g 3.7435 g 0.0949 g

0.0945 g

494.01

507.58

1.05

1.05

492.959

506.529

5194.505

5360.091

19755.5654 dpm 0.035

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 15.4536 g 19.4112 g 3.9576 g 0.0937 g

0.0966 g

359.16

384.58

1.05

1.05

358.109

383.529

3821.863

3970.275

15419.0830 dpm 0.027

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 15.5544 g 19.2828 g 3.7284 g 0.0935 g

0.0938 g

381.27

376.35

1.05

1.05

380.219

375.299

4066.509

4001.051

15039.5447 dpm 0.027

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 16

Table 8 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 1 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 16.4649 g 19.0175 g 2.5526 g 0.0963 g

0.0961 g

54791.73

54575.29

0.56

0.56

54791.175

54574.735

568963.396

567895.265

1450972.7090 

dpm

2.415

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 5.5508 g 8.0311 g 2.4803 g 0.0965 g

0.0952 g

52033.66

51447.91

1.37

1.37

52032.287

51446.537

539194.680

540404.797

1338865.2919 

dpm

2.229

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 5.6245 g 8.2297 g 2.6052 g 0.0962 g

0.0940 g

50508.80

49786.18

1.37

1.37

50507.427

49784.807

525025.225

529625.603

1373788.1686 

dpm

2.287

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 6.2672 g 8.8190 g 2.5518 g 0.0958 g

0.0944 g

54592.50

53545.45

3.11

3.11

54589.390

53542.340

569826.618

567185.805

1450714.1506 

dpm

2.415

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 6.3533 g 8.9389 g 2.5856 g 0.0956 g

0.0944 g

82855.93

81814.11

3.11

3.11

82852.820

81811.000

866661.297

866641.949

2240814.4367 

dpm

3.730

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 6.3045 g 9.4339 g 3.1294 g 0.0971 g

0.0956 g

23596.90

23228.77

3.11

3.11

23593.790

23225.660

242984.449

242946.234

760335.7402 dpm 1.266

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 15.3679 g 19.0664 g 3.6985 g 0.0948 g

0.0941 g

8604.37

8587.18

1.05

1.05

8603.319

8586.129

90752.306

91244.724

336558.0078 dpm 0.560

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 15.5164 g 19.2441 g 3.7277 g 0.0934 g

0.0960 g

601.52

589.66

1.05

1.05

600.469

588.609

6429.000

6131.339

23410.5878 dpm 0.039

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 15.3215 g 19.1944 g 3.8729 g 0.0944 g

0.0960 g

435.31

455.73

1.05

1.05

434.259

454.679

4600.197

4736.235

18079.5335 dpm 0.030

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 15.3647 g 19.3883 g 4.0236 g 0.0971 g

0.0941 g

395.20

386.89

1.05

1.05

394.149

385.839

4059.203

4100.304

16415.2946 dpm 0.027

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 15.4907 g 19.2182 g 3.7275 g 0.0936 g

0.0932 g

384.42

377.23

1.05

1.05

383.369

376.179

4095.818

4036.251

15156.1433 dpm 0.025

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 15.3582 g 19.2050 g 3.8468 g 0.0947 g

0.0956 g

263.70

283.70

1.05

1.05

262.649

282.649

2773.480

2956.575

11021.1881 dpm 0.018

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 16.1723 g 18.7103 g 2.5380 g 0.0960 g

0.0912 g

73812.57

70099.53

0.56

0.56

73812.015

70098.975

768875.156

768629.112

1951092.9162 

dpm

3.147

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 5.5698 g 8.0776 g 2.5078 g 0.0954 g

0.0967 g

60185.21

61414.21

1.37

1.37

60183.837

61412.837

630857.827

635086.212

1587367.2297 

dpm

2.561

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 5.4883 g 8.1929 g 2.7046 g 0.0951 g

0.0956 g

56775.29

56915.98

1.37

1.37

56773.917

56914.607

596991.763

595341.074

1612391.6954 

dpm

2.601

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 6.2917 g 8.8823 g 2.5906 g 0.0969 g

0.0949 g

47799.45

47567.88

3.11

3.11

47796.340

47564.770

493254.283

501209.378

1288128.7802 

dpm

2.078

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 6.3609 g 8.9430 g 2.5821 g 0.0967 g

0.0962 g

71343.36

70947.23

3.11

3.11

71340.250

70944.120

737748.190

737464.865

1904573.8148 

dpm

3.072

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 6.3546 g 8.9252 g 2.5706 g 0.0952 g

0.0952 g

20182.22

20086.95

3.11

3.11

20179.110

20083.840

211965.441

210964.706

543592.1180 dpm 0.877

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 15.5288 g 19.2240 g 3.6952 g 0.0938 g

0.0944 g

3510.65

3513.97

1.05

1.05

3509.599

3512.919

37415.763

37213.120

137884.3251 dpm 0.222

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 15.4359 g 19.2739 g 3.8380 g 0.0949 g

0.0945 g

2259.23

2220.83

1.05

1.05

2258.179

2219.779

23795.348

23489.720

90740.0471 dpm 0.146

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 15.3461 g 19.3510 g 4.0049 g 0.0941 g

0.0936 g

793.48

814.51

1.05

1.05

792.429

813.459

8421.133

8690.797

34265.7827 dpm 0.055

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 15.3140 g 19.0620 g 3.7480 g 0.0935 g

0.0945 g

589.99

568.73

1.05

1.05

588.939

567.679

6298.808

6007.181

23061.4232 dpm 0.037

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 15.3891 g 19.2218 g 3.8327 g 0.0938 g

0.0955 g

441.41

451.52

1.05

1.05

440.359

450.469

4694.654

4716.948

18035.9248 dpm 0.029

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 15.4982 g 19.4540 g 3.9558 g 0.0935 g

0.0935 g

1000.56

975.18

1.05

1.05

999.509

974.129

10689.931

10418.487

41750.3412 dpm 0.067

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 17

Table 9. Recovery of Radioactivity in VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 15.2429 g 20.5005 g 5.2576 g 0.0930 g

0.0935 g

16563.82

17160.06

0.00

0.00

16563.820

17160.060

178105.591

183530.053

950667.7832 dpm 1.922

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 15.5891 g 20.7659 g 5.1768 g 0.0941 g

0.0947 g

18552.55

18597.69

0.15

0.15

18552.403

18597.543

197156.252

196383.773

1018639.0021 dpm 2.059

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 15.3572 g 20.4054 g 5.0482 g 0.0945 g

0.0960 g

21425.14

21882.97

0.15

0.15

21424.993

21882.823

226719.506

227946.076

1147621.3969 dpm 2.320

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 15.3069 g 20.3657 g 5.0588 g 0.0937 g

0.0941 g

13415.99

13385.55

0.89

0.89

13415.100

13384.660

143170.758

142238.682

721914.6375 dpm 1.459

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 15.5266 g 20.5913 g 5.0647 g 0.0935 g

0.0941 g

17599.39

17574.75

0.89

0.89

17598.500

17573.860

188219.251

186757.279

949571.8178 dpm 1.919

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 15.4645 g 20.6807 g 5.2162 g 0.0939 g

0.0942 g

3319.49

3330.14

0.89

0.89

3318.600

3329.250

35341.853

35342.357

184351.4874 dpm 0.373

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 15.0710 g 20.3594 g 5.2884 g 0.0933 g

0.0913 g

23194.21

22777.92

0.00

0.00

23194.210

22777.920

248598.178

249484.337

1317029.7869 dpm 2.348

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 15.4822 g 20.7871 g 5.3049 g 0.0940 g

0.0934 g

21261.65

21039.99

0.15

0.15

21261.503

21039.843

226186.206

225265.989

1197454.3726 dpm 2.135

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 15.5796 g 20.6246 g 5.0450 g 0.0943 g

0.0929 g

22811.83

22526.41

0.15

0.15

22811.683

22526.263

241905.444

242478.615

1221858.7879 dpm 2.178

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 15.6275 g 20.6480 g 5.0205 g 0.0947 g

0.0946 g

15575.44

15493.96

0.89

0.89

15574.550

15493.070

164461.985

163774.524

823955.6980 dpm 1.469

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 15.5558 g 20.5583 g 5.0025 g 0.0946 g

0.0944 g

26917.67

26820.97

0.89

0.89

26916.780

26820.080

284532.558

284111.017

1422319.7422 dpm 2.536

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 15.7434 g 20.4903 g 4.7469 g 0.0937 g

0.0941 g

5683.56

5728.98

0.89

0.89

5682.670

5728.090

60647.492

60872.370

288421.3160 dpm 0.514

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 15.2044 g 20.3277 g 5.1233 g 0.0932 g

0.0957 g

26396.38

27060.66

0.00

0.00

26396.380

27060.660

283222.961

282765.517

1449864.3862 dpm 2.414

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 15.4117 g 20.7273 g 5.3156 g 0.0947 g

0.0938 g

21999.11

21845.64

0.15

0.15

21998.963

21845.493

232301.619

232894.385

1236397.9404 dpm 2.058

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 15.3420 g 20.6164 g 5.2744 g 0.0942 g

0.0939 g

23272.73

23102.99

0.15

0.15

23272.583

23102.843

247055.025

246036.670

1300381.4180 dpm 2.165

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 15.3742 g 20.5050 g 5.1308 g 0.0939 g

0.0958 g

19077.29

19512.60

0.89

0.89

19076.400

19511.710

203156.550

203671.294

1043676.1507 dpm 1.737

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 15.4368 g 20.5857 g 5.1489 g 0.0943 g

0.0945 g

32103.48

32335.74

0.89

0.89

32102.590

32334.850

340430.435

342167.725

1757314.8321 dpm 2.925

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 15.3879 g 20.4294 g 5.0415 g 0.0944 g

0.0925 g

8933.41

8608.51

0.89

0.89

8932.520

8607.620

94624.153

93055.351

473093.1094 dpm 0.788

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 14.8992 g 19.9990 g 5.0998 g 0.0925 g

0.0935 g

26759.04

27139.56

0.00

0.00

26759.040

27139.560

289286.919

290262.674

1477793.5065 dpm 2.384

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 15.4964 g 20.5783 g 5.0819 g 0.0948 g

0.0929 g

28609.10

28134.04

0.15

0.15

28608.953

28133.893

301782.208

302840.617

1536316.3680 dpm 2.478

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 15.5654 g 20.6280 g 5.0626 g 0.0937 g

0.0945 g

26714.79

26889.67

0.15

0.15

26714.643

26889.523

285108.253

284545.220

1441963.8381 dpm 2.326

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 15.3876 g 20.3979 g 5.0103 g 0.0948 g

0.0938 g

17776.98

17412.43

0.89

0.89

17776.090

17411.540

187511.498

185624.094

934760.6276 dpm 1.508

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 15.3812 g 20.4511 g 5.0699 g 0.0936 g

0.0936 g

24270.62

24348.38

0.89

0.89

24269.730

24347.490

259291.987

260122.756

1316690.4043 dpm 2.124

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 15.4964 g 20.6431 g 5.1467 g 0.0948 g

0.0946 g

6953.84

6925.89

0.89

0.89

6952.950

6925.000

73343.354

73202.960

377114.9578 dpm 0.608

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 18

Table 10. Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 15.3426 g 19.3568 g 4.0142 g 0.0933 g

0.0948 g

4.67

2.22

4.33

4.33

0.340

0.000

*

*

3.644

0.000

7.3142 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 15.4097 g 19.2040 g 3.7943 g 0.0936 g

0.0928 g

0.56

1.45

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.663

*

*

0.000

7.139

13.5438 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 15.4169 g 19.3380 g 3.9211 g 0.0937 g

0.0940 g

3.23

0.11

0.79

0.79

2.443

0.000

*

*

26.067

0.000

51.1061 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 15.2511 g 19.1544 g 3.9033 g 0.0933 g

0.0930 g

4.56

0.00

0.79

0.79

3.773

0.000

*

*

40.434

0.000

78.9132 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 15.4542 g 19.3548 g 3.9006 g 0.0958 g

0.0958 g

0.00

0.00

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 15.6718 g 19.5417 g 3.8699 g 0.0943 g

0.0921 g

0.00

1.22

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.433

*

*

0.000

4.696

9.0865 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 15.4354 g 19.3379 g 3.9025 g 0.0941 g

0.0917 g

6.34

8.34

0.79

0.79

5.553

7.553

59.006

82.361

275.8430 dpm 0.001

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 15.3993 g 19.2778 g 3.8785 g 0.0941 g

0.0951 g

1367.72

1358.16

0.79

0.79

1366.933

1357.373

14526.382

14273.107

55849.4086 dpm 0.113

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 15.5076 g 19.3758 g 3.8682 g 0.0937 g

0.0943 g

1.67

0.33

0.79

0.79

0.883

0.000

*

*

9.418

0.000

18.2160 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 15.5718 g 19.5836 g 4.0118 g 0.0943 g

0.0946 g

0.00

0.00

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 15.5200 g 19.3984 g 3.8784 g 0.0942 g

0.0935 g

4.79

3.89

0.79

0.79

4.003

3.103

42.489

33.182

146.7416 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 15.5800 g 19.4838 g 3.9038 g 0.0942 g

0.0931 g

0.00

0.56

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 15.3245 g 19.3504 g 4.0259 g 0.0929 g

0.0955 g

0.00

1.56

4.33

4.33

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 15.3156 g 19.0605 g 3.7449 g 0.0928 g

0.0931 g

6.34

0.00

0.79

0.79

5.553

0.000

*

*

59.833

0.000

112.0343 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 15.1946 g 19.1061 g 3.9115 g 0.0936 g

0.0922 g

4.34

0.56

0.79

0.79

3.553

0.000

*

*

37.954

0.000

74.2287 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 15.2829 g 19.1896 g 3.9067 g 0.0931 g

0.0952 g

1.89

0.11

0.79

0.79

1.103

0.000

*

*

11.842

0.000

23.1318 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 15.5104 g 19.4298 g 3.9194 g 0.0941 g

0.0933 g

3.67

0.00

0.79

0.79

2.883

0.000

*

*

30.632

0.000

60.0301 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 15.5566 g 19.4764 g 3.9198 g 0.0935 g

0.0907 g

0.78

4.78

0.79

0.79

0.000

3.993

*

*

0.000

44.019

86.2723 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 15.5687 g 19.5009 g 3.9322 g 0.0936 g

0.0943 g

11.90

9.90

0.79

0.79

11.113

9.113

118.723

96.633

423.4122 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 15.5236 g 19.4145 g 3.8909 g 0.0930 g

0.0948 g

14.35

6.56

0.79

0.79

13.563

5.773

145.833

60.891

402.1725 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 15.4612 g 19.4204 g 3.9592 g 0.0940 g

0.0939 g

17.02

16.35

0.79

0.79

16.233

15.563

172.686

165.735

669.9382 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 15.5035 g 19.4640 g 3.9605 g 0.0940 g

0.0933 g

11.68

14.34

0.79

0.79

10.893

13.553

115.878

145.257

517.1124 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 15.4627 g 19.3511 g 3.8884 g 0.0942 g

0.0932 g

11.24

7.23

0.79

0.79

10.453

6.443

110.961

69.126

350.1237 dpm 0.001

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 19

Table 10 (contd). Recovery of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap 2 from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 15.4423 g 19.3899 g 3.9476 g 0.0936 g

0.0913 g

5.23

0.78

0.79

0.79

4.443

0.000

*

*

47.463

0.000

93.6817 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 15.0724 g 19.1245 g 4.0521 g 0.0935 g

0.0956 g

2.00

1.11

4.33

4.33

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 15.4542 g 19.4454 g 3.9912 g 0.0934 g

0.0935 g

4.34

8.78

0.79

0.79

3.553

7.993

38.035

85.481

246.4898 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 15.2801 g 19.1518 g 3.8717 g 0.0937 g

0.0959 g

0.11

5.23

0.79

0.79

0.000

4.443

*

*

0.000

46.324

89.6769 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 15.1926 g 19.1153 g 3.9227 g 0.0928 g

0.0940 g

0.00

2.34

0.79

0.79

0.000

1.553

*

*

0.000

16.516

32.3936 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 15.5111 g 19.4129 g 3.9018 g 0.0938 g

0.0935 g

0.00

5.23

0.79

0.79

0.000

4.443

*

*

0.000

47.513

92.6938 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 15.4917 g 19.4203 g 3.9286 g 0.0943 g

0.0931 g

71.33

61.29

0.79

0.79

70.543

60.503

748.065

649.866

2745.9547 dpm 0.005

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 15.4092 g 19.3010 g 3.8918 g 0.0940 g

0.0940 g

0.00

5.00

0.79

0.79

0.000

4.213

*

*

0.000

44.814

87.2032 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 15.4296 g 19.3698 g 3.9402 g 0.0939 g

0.0946 g

0.00

4.79

0.79

0.79

0.000

4.003

*

*

0.000

42.310

83.3544 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 15.3534 g 19.2494 g 3.8960 g 0.0940 g

0.0947 g

0.00

1.00

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.213

*

*

0.000

2.244

4.3712 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 15.2014 g 18.9873 g 3.7859 g 0.0932 g

0.0962 g

0.00

0.00

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 15.4584 g 19.3407 g 3.8823 g 0.0936 g

0.0941 g

2.56

5.23

0.79

0.79

1.773

4.443

18.937

47.210

128.4020 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 15.4710 g 19.3587 g 3.8877 g 0.0941 g

0.0970 g

2.78

0.00

0.79

0.79

1.993

0.000

*

*

21.174

0.000

41.1596 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 15.3109 g 19.3126 g 4.0017 g 0.0934 g

0.0906 g

0.89

1.56

4.33

4.33

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 15.3969 g 19.3144 g 3.9175 g 0.0933 g

0.0942 g

1.00

3.00

0.79

0.79

0.213

2.213

*

*

2.278

23.487

50.4669 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 15.3218 g 19.1980 g 3.8762 g 0.0930 g

0.0947 g

1.67

1.45

0.79

0.79

0.883

0.663

*

*

9.489

6.996

31.9496 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 15.2221 g 19.1040 g 3.8819 g 0.0927 g

0.0913 g

0.00

1.67

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.883

*

*

0.000

9.666

18.7611 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 15.4036 g 19.3119 g 3.9083 g 0.0936 g

0.0938 g

0.00

0.00

0.79

0.79

0.000

0.000

*

*

0.000

0.000

0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 15.6988 g 19.6286 g 3.9298 g 0.0947 g

0.0945 g

2.78

4.34

0.79

0.79

1.993

3.553

21.040

37.593

115.2074 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 15.3274 g 19.2230 g 3.8956 g 0.0941 g

0.0970 g

4.34

1.22

0.79

0.79

3.553

0.433

*

*

37.752

4.459

82.2189 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 15.4340 g 19.4207 g 3.9867 g 0.0937 g

0.0935 g

4.78

1.44

0.79

0.79

3.993

0.653

*

*

42.609

6.979

98.8462 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 15.4458 g 19.3784 g 3.9326 g 0.0934 g

0.0936 g

7.67

9.90

0.79

0.79

6.883

9.113

73.688

97.356

336.3242 dpm 0.001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 15.4225 g 19.3224 g 3.8999 g 0.0935 g

0.0961 g

11.23

14.13

0.79

0.79

10.443

13.343

111.684

138.840

488.5097 dpm 0.001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 15.4391 g 19.3232 g 3.8841 g 0.0938 g

0.0928 g

5.00

8.12

0.79

0.79

4.213

7.333

44.909

79.014

240.6654 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 15.2489 g 19.1267 g 3.8778 g 0.0939 g

0.0937 g

1.00

1.67

0.79

0.79

0.213

0.883

*

*

2.263

9.418

22.6491 dpm 0.000

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 20

Table 11. Recovery of Radioactivity in Nose Only Tube Rinse from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 83.8656 g 134.9639 g 51.0983 g 0.1686 g

0.1655 g

1122.26

1138.91

1.70

1.70

1120.565

1137.215

6646.293

6871.390

345365.3037 dpm 0.698

2-06 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 79.5942 g 129.8091 g 50.2149 g 0.1474 g

0.1488 g

405.76

415.32

1.70

1.70

404.065

413.625

2741.282

2779.738

138618.7368 dpm 0.247

2-07 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 84.2557 g 127.9618 g 43.7061 g 0.1409 g

0.1264 g

455.13

419.69

1.70

1.70

453.435

417.995

3218.133

3306.922

142592.3728 dpm 0.237

2-08 Nose Only Tube 

Rinse

 0 h 78.3760 g 125.9693 g 47.5933 g 0.1332 g

0.1302 g

331.08

302.35

1.70

1.70

329.385

300.655

2472.860

2309.178

113796.4976 dpm 0.184

Table 12. Recovery of Radioactivity in Transfer Bag Rinse from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 290.66 g 496.78 g 206.12 g 0.1516 g

0.1404 g

8.80

5.90

1.04

1.04

7.760

4.860

51.187

34.615

8842.8283 dpm 0.018

2-06 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 287.30 g 583.63 g 296.33 g 0.1317 g

0.1336 g

8.35

9.91

1.04

1.04

7.310

8.870

55.505

66.392

18060.8914 dpm 0.032

2-07 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 288.07 g 603.49 g 315.42 g 0.1212 g

0.1244 g

1.22

5.23

1.04

1.04

0.180

4.190

*

*

1.485

33.682

5546.1593 dpm 0.009

2-08 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 287.34 g 580.22 g 292.88 g 0.1193 g

0.1251 g

3.67

5.46

1.04

1.04

2.630

4.420

22.045

35.332

8402.2877 dpm 0.014

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 

Table 13. Recovery of Radioactivity in Cage Rinse from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp wt Corr Samp Alq wt Orig DPM Bkg DPM Calc DPM LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco (%)

2-05 Cage Rinse 168 h 169.96 g 370.04 g 200.08 g 0.8920 g

0.8937 g

298.38

318.99

2.39

2.39

295.995

316.605

331.833

354.263

68637.0574 dpm 0.139

2-06 Cage Rinse 168 h 168.90 g 358.74 g 189.84 g 0.8893 g

0.9284 g

1075.24

1128.62

2.39

2.39

1072.855

1126.235

1206.404

1213.092

229658.5917 dpm 0.409

2-07 Cage Rinse 168 h 169.17 g 353.03 g 183.86 g 0.9166 g

0.9270 g

793.43

795.41

2.39

2.39

791.045

793.025

863.021

855.475

157981.3002 dpm 0.263

2-08 Cage Rinse 168 h 169.62 g 386.55 g 216.93 g 0.9011 g

0.9239 g

890.18

939.75

2.39

2.39

887.795

937.365

985.235

1014.574

216909.2616 dpm 0.350
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 21

Table 14. Recovery of Radioactivity in Carcass Digest from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Pot wt Samp 

wt

Corr 

Samp

Homog 

wt

Corr 

Homog

Alq wt Orig 

DPM

Bkg 

DPM

Calc 

DPM

LOD LOQ DPM/g Sample DPM Reco 

(%)

2-05 Carcass Digest 168 h 107.75 g 322.35 g 214.60 g 691.13 g 583.38 g 0.8479 g

0.9093 g

413.43

452.28

0.96

0.96

412.470

451.320

486.461

496.338

286672.4973 

dpm

0.579

2-06 Carcass Digest 168 h 107.74 g 324.03 g 216.29 g 724.91 g 617.17 g 0.8404 g

0.8884 g

617.09

615.51

0.96

0.96

616.130

614.550

733.139

691.749

439699.1232 

dpm

0.784

2-07 Carcass Digest 168 h 107.66 g 327.39 g 219.73 g 677.63 g 569.97 g 0.8519 g

0.9302 g

567.26

601.26

0.96

0.96

566.300

600.300

664.749

645.345

373357.2728 

dpm

0.622

2-08 Carcass Digest 168 h 107.91 g 314.63 g 206.72 g 859.98 g 752.07 g 0.8656 g

0.9196 g

375.01

377.41

0.96

0.96

374.050

376.450

432.128

409.363

316429.9817 

dpm

0.510
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 22

Table 15. Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Sample DPM Sample DPM Sum Recovery

(%)

2-05 Urine 12 h 23125096.3422 dpm 49473192.233 dpm 46.743

2-05 Urine 24 h 9215552.9007 dpm 18.627

2-05 Urine 48 h 3314508.8677 dpm 6.700

2-05 Urine 72 h 738050.3714 dpm 1.492

2-05 Urine 96 h 140656.7202 dpm 0.284

2-05 Urine 120 h 63433.4395 dpm 0.128

2-05 Urine 144 h 42178.5521 dpm 0.085

2-05 Urine 168 h 26728.5757 dpm 0.054

2-05 Feces 0 h 62439.5633 dpm 0.126

2-05 Feces 24 h 459570.6609 dpm 0.929

2-05 Feces 48 h 66362.2065 dpm 0.134

2-05 Feces 72 h 32322.9893 dpm 0.065

2-05 Feces 96 h 8305.7059 dpm 0.017

2-05 Feces 120 h 2410.2081 dpm 0.005

2-05 Feces 144 h 4516.0314 dpm 0.009

2-05 Feces 168 h 3769.9026 dpm 0.008

2-05 Carcass Digest 168 h 286672.4973 dpm 0.579

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 25312.6590 dpm 0.051

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 29938.9474 dpm 0.061

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 28709.8064 dpm 0.058

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 20676.0218 dpm 0.042

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 41007.3838 dpm 0.083

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 80693.9335 dpm 0.163

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 30607.4163 dpm 0.062

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 11034.1810 dpm 0.022

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 6345.6999 dpm 0.013

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 3879.4523 dpm 0.008

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 1729.9618 dpm 0.003

2-05 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 2677.0845 dpm 0.005

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 522.5057 dpm 0.001

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 444.9252 dpm 0.001

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 114.2960 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 245.3675 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 166.0539 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 812.2073 dpm 0.002

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 4217.3753 dpm 0.009

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 2249.7045 dpm 0.005

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 420.3863 dpm 0.001

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 905.0133 dpm 0.002

2-05 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1068098.5005 dpm 2.159

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 1208450.3452 dpm 2.443

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 1345096.8679 dpm 2.719

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 1092635.9138 dpm 2.209

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 1053254.2231 dpm 2.129

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 222123.4352 dpm 0.449

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 91105.2155 dpm 0.184

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 156.6140 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 17936.2656 dpm 0.036

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 18871.8712 dpm 0.038

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 9298.3749 dpm 0.019

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 8817.2009 dpm 0.018

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 7.3142 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 13.5438 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 51.1061 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 78.9132 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 9.0865 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 275.8430 dpm 0.001

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 55849.4086 dpm 0.113

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 18.2160 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 146.7416 dpm 0.000

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 23

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Sample DPM Sample DPM Sum Recovery

(%)

2-05 Cage Rinse 168 h 68637.0574 dpm 0.139

2-05 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 345365.3037 dpm 0.698

2-05 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 8842.8283 dpm 0.018

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 950667.7832 dpm 1.922

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 1018639.0021 dpm 2.059

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 1147621.3969 dpm 2.320

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 721914.6375 dpm 1.459

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 949571.8178 dpm 1.919

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 184351.4874 dpm 0.373

2-06 Urine 12 h 19625547.7404 dpm 56087309.043 dpm 34.991

2-06 Urine 24 h 10786004.9045 dpm 19.231

2-06 Urine 48 h 6807039.5921 dpm 12.137

2-06 Urine 72 h 1452727.2057 dpm 2.590

2-06 Urine 96 h 307498.4988 dpm 0.548

2-06 Urine 120 h 164906.5238 dpm 0.294

2-06 Urine 144 h 216898.4753 dpm 0.387

2-06 Urine 168 h 180306.6963 dpm 0.321

2-06 Feces 0 h 149217.4568 dpm 0.266

2-06 Feces 24 h 533710.0277 dpm 0.952

2-06 Feces 48 h 115725.3897 dpm 0.206

2-06 Feces 72 h 31618.8213 dpm 0.056

2-06 Feces 96 h 35257.2997 dpm 0.063

2-06 Feces 120 h 4072.5462 dpm 0.007

2-06 Feces 144 h 7423.2265 dpm 0.013

2-06 Feces 168 h 160427.6740 dpm 0.286

2-06 Carcass Digest 168 h 439699.1232 dpm 0.784

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 24431.0438 dpm 0.044

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 31814.5020 dpm 0.057

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 28364.8291 dpm 0.051

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 25273.3452 dpm 0.045

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 48016.0344 dpm 0.086

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 78910.1092 dpm 0.141

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 38684.0640 dpm 0.069

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 13010.2157 dpm 0.023

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 5881.9861 dpm 0.010

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 5013.1972 dpm 0.009

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 2136.6406 dpm 0.004

2-06 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 1337.1844 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 64.7138 dpm 0.000

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 1220.5133 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 544.8391 dpm 0.001

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 1571.7899 dpm 0.003

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 1000.6984 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 1400.2508 dpm 0.002

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 6107.0738 dpm 0.011

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 3515.8090 dpm 0.006

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 1645.0503 dpm 0.003

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 63.8683 dpm 0.000

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 615.2279 dpm 0.001

2-06 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 436.9899 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1507440.1183 dpm 2.688

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 1371812.6259 dpm 2.446

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 1390243.6913 dpm 2.479

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 1155735.6531 dpm 2.061

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 1688594.5049 dpm 3.011

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 386820.3928 dpm 0.690

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 424661.6370 dpm 0.757

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 86555.6620 dpm 0.154

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 25899.3251 dpm 0.046

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 19755.5654 dpm 0.035

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 15419.0830 dpm 0.027

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 15039.5447 dpm 0.027

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 112.0343 dpm 0.000
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 24

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Sample DPM Sample DPM Sum Recovery

(%)

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 74.2287 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 23.1318 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 60.0301 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 86.2723 dpm 0.000

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 423.4122 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 402.1725 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 669.9382 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 517.1124 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 350.1237 dpm 0.001

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 93.6817 dpm 0.000

2-06 Cage Rinse 168 h 229658.5917 dpm 0.409

2-06 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 138618.7368 dpm 0.247

2-06 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 18060.8914 dpm 0.032

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 1317029.7869 dpm 2.348

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 1197454.3726 dpm 2.135

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 1221858.7879 dpm 2.178

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 823955.6980 dpm 1.469

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 1422319.7422 dpm 2.536

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 288421.3160 dpm 0.514

2-07 Urine 12 h 17643957.3395 dpm 60071898.654 dpm 29.371

2-07 Urine 24 h 16025350.6161 dpm 26.677

2-07 Urine 48 h 6414157.4994 dpm 10.677

2-07 Urine 72 h 1247567.0173 dpm 2.077

2-07 Urine 96 h 348419.9528 dpm 0.580

2-07 Urine 120 h 148079.8168 dpm 0.247

2-07 Urine 144 h 95782.6977 dpm 0.159

2-07 Urine 168 h 41599.3078 dpm 0.069

2-07 Feces 0 h 54677.4342 dpm 0.091

2-07 Feces 24 h 507316.1385 dpm 0.845

2-07 Feces 48 h 132602.3451 dpm 0.221

2-07 Feces 72 h 26795.8846 dpm 0.045

2-07 Feces 96 h 21005.6672 dpm 0.035

2-07 Feces 120 h 7748.0653 dpm 0.013

2-07 Feces 144 h 4635.6181 dpm 0.008

2-07 Feces 168 h 4230.8391 dpm 0.007

2-07 Carcass Digest 168 h 373357.2728 dpm 0.622

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 20952.4919 dpm 0.035

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 32054.4486 dpm 0.053

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 26005.3543 dpm 0.043

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 28318.4957 dpm 0.047

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 58927.0911 dpm 0.098

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 123337.9000 dpm 0.205

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 31395.8570 dpm 0.052

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 9927.4072 dpm 0.017

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 5077.6325 dpm 0.008

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 3262.5011 dpm 0.005

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 1297.3772 dpm 0.002

2-07 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 1962.0883 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 1884.2059 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 349.6990 dpm 0.001

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 1858.2873 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 5.4467 dpm 0.000

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 6.7209 dpm 0.000

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 1424.4095 dpm 0.002

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 11132.7684 dpm 0.019

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 3863.7279 dpm 0.006

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 1557.7036 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 1276.2660 dpm 0.002

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 1845.1343 dpm 0.003

2-07 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 361.5065 dpm 0.001
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 25

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Sample DPM Sample DPM Sum Recovery

(%)

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1450972.7090 dpm 2.415

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 1338865.2919 dpm 2.229

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 1373788.1686 dpm 2.287

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 1450714.1506 dpm 2.415

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 2240814.4367 dpm 3.730

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 760335.7402 dpm 1.266

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 336558.0078 dpm 0.560

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 23410.5878 dpm 0.039

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 18079.5335 dpm 0.030

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 16415.2946 dpm 0.027

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 15156.1433 dpm 0.025

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 11021.1881 dpm 0.018

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 246.4898 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 89.6769 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 32.3936 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 92.6938 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 2745.9547 dpm 0.005

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 87.2032 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 83.3544 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 4.3712 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 128.4020 dpm 0.000

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 41.1596 dpm 0.000

2-07 Cage Rinse 168 h 157981.3002 dpm 0.263

2-07 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 142592.3728 dpm 0.237

2-07 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 5546.1593 dpm 0.009

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 1449864.3862 dpm 2.414

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 1236397.9404 dpm 2.058

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 1300381.4180 dpm 2.165

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 1043676.1507 dpm 1.737

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 1757314.8321 dpm 2.925

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 473093.1094 dpm 0.788

2-08 Urine 12 h 22711321.3969 dpm 61989781.106 dpm 36.637

2-08 Urine 24 h 14234955.0469 dpm 22.963

2-08 Urine 48 h 4749402.5413 dpm 7.662

2-08 Urine 72 h 872040.1056 dpm 1.407

2-08 Urine 96 h 296626.4898 dpm 0.479

2-08 Urine 120 h 126834.0564 dpm 0.205

2-08 Urine 144 h 40832.7575 dpm 0.066

2-08 Urine 168 h 37836.9722 dpm 0.061

2-08 Feces 0 h 640897.2929 dpm 1.034

2-08 Feces 24 h 495745.1346 dpm 0.800

2-08 Feces 48 h 144626.5707 dpm 0.233

2-08 Feces 72 h 55263.4920 dpm 0.089

2-08 Feces 96 h 50940.7450 dpm 0.082

2-08 Feces 120 h 5006.2519 dpm 0.008

2-08 Feces 144 h 162346.7963 dpm 0.262

2-08 Feces 168 h 25891.3274 dpm 0.042

2-08 Carcass Digest 168 h 316429.9817 dpm 0.510

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 1 h 20930.6686 dpm 0.034

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 3 h 30695.6456 dpm 0.050

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 5 h 26931.3325 dpm 0.043

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 7 h 25999.1264 dpm 0.042

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 12 h 55496.9970 dpm 0.090

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 24 h 118996.9798 dpm 0.192

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 48 h 35345.0111 dpm 0.057

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 72 h 3776.5574 dpm 0.006

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 96 h 6904.9372 dpm 0.011

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 120 h 3745.6389 dpm 0.006

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 144 h 2743.1002 dpm 0.004

2-08 CO2 Trap 1 168 h 1200.8666 dpm 0.002
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 26

Table 15 (contd). Total Recovery of Radioactivity in Samples from Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Sample DPM Sample DPM Sum Recovery

(%)

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 3 h 142.1170 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 5 h 1619.0815 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 7 h 153.4922 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 24 h 1728.9196 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 48 h 9895.3037 dpm 0.016

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 72 h 12320.9789 dpm 0.020

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 96 h 2520.5821 dpm 0.004

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 120 h 1565.1681 dpm 0.003

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 144 h 1515.3066 dpm 0.002

2-08 CO2 Trap 2 168 h 438.5894 dpm 0.001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1951092.9162 dpm 3.147

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 1587367.2297 dpm 2.561

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 1612391.6954 dpm 2.601

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 1288128.7802 dpm 2.078

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 1904573.8148 dpm 3.072

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 543592.1180 dpm 0.877

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 137884.3251 dpm 0.222

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 90740.0471 dpm 0.146

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 34265.7827 dpm 0.055

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 23061.4232 dpm 0.037

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 18035.9248 dpm 0.029

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 41750.3412 dpm 0.067

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 50.4669 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 31.9496 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 18.7611 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 115.2074 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 82.2189 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 98.8462 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 336.3242 dpm 0.001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 488.5097 dpm 0.001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 240.6654 dpm 0.000

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 22.6491 dpm 0.000

2-08 Cage Rinse 168 h 216909.2616 dpm 0.350

2-08 Nose Only Tube Rinse 0 h 113796.4976 dpm 0.184

2-08 Transfer Bag Rinse 0 h 8402.2877 dpm 0.014

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 1477793.5065 dpm 2.384

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 1536316.3680 dpm 2.478

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 1441963.8381 dpm 2.326

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 934760.6276 dpm 1.508

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 1316690.4043 dpm 2.124

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 377114.9578 dpm 0.608
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 27

Table 16. Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 

2. 

Subject Sample Time Conc (mg/g) LOD LOQ

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 0.7991

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 0.8499

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 0.8752

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 0.7614

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 0.7508

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 0.1751

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 0.0424

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 0.0001

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 0.0081

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 0.0090

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 0.0043

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 0.0040

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 0.0001

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 0.0259

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 0.0000 *

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 0.0001

2-05 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 0.0000 *

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 0.3250

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 0.3537

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 0.4086

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 0.2565

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 0.3370

2-05 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 0.0635

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1.1440

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 0.9420

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 0.9796

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 0.8027

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 1.1496

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 0.2426

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 0.1935

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 0.0391

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 0.0126

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 0.0095

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 0.0070

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 0.0073

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 *

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 0.0001 *

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 0.0000 *

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 0.0000 *

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 *

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 0.0000 *

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 0.0002

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 0.0002

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 0.0003

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that 

sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 28

Table 16 (contd). Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from 

Group 2. 

Subject Sample Time Conc (mg/g) LOD LOQ

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 0.0002

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 0.0002

2-06 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 0.0000 *

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 0.4476

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 0.4057

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 0.4353

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 0.2950

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 0.5111

2-06 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 0.1092

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1.0217

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 0.9703

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 0.9478

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 1.0219

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 1.5578

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 0.4367

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 0.1636

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 0.0113

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 0.0084

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 0.0073

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 0.0073

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 0.0051

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 0.0001

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 7 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 0.0013

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 0.0000 *

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 0.0001

2-07 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 0.0000 *

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 0.5087

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 0.4181

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 0.4432

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 0.3656

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 0.6135

2-07 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 0.1687

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 1 h 1.3818

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 3 h 1.1377

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 5 h 1.0716

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 7 h 0.8938

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 12 h 1.3258

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 24 h 0.3801

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 48 h 0.0671

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 72 h 0.0425

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 96 h 0.0154

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 120 h 0.0111

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 144 h 0.0085

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 1 168 h 0.0190

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that 

sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 29

Table 16 (contd). Concentration (mg equiv./g) of Radioactivity in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from 

Group 2.

Subject Sample Time Conc (mg/g) LOD LOQ

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 1 h 0.0000 *

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 3 h 0.0000 *

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 5 h 0.0000 *

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 12 h 0.0000 *

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 24 h 0.0001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 48 h 0.0000 *

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 72 h 0.0000 *

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 96 h 0.0002

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 120 h 0.0002

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 144 h 0.0001

2-08 Exhaled VOC Trap 2 168 h 0.0000 *

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 1 h 0.5209

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 3 h 0.5434

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 5 h 0.5120

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 7 h 0.3353

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 12 h 0.4668

2-08 VOC Trap 1 Extract 2 24 h 0.1317

* in LOD column indicates that sample DPM were less than background DPM, and in LOQ column indicates that 

sample DPM was less than 3 x background. 
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 30

Table 17. Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2. 

Sample I.D injection Peak Area Conc. (μg/μl) Mean (μg/μl) Mean (μg/mg)

2-05 VOC Trap 1 1 h 1 751 0.584 0.755 0.796

2-05 VOC Trap 1 1 h 2 1188 0.926

2-06 VOC Trap 1 1 h 1 808 0.629 0.769 0.811

2-06 VOC Trap 1 1 h 2 1167 0.909

2-07 VOC Trap 1 1 h 1 997 0.777 0.800 0.843

2-07 VOC Trap 1 1 h 2 1057 0.824

2-08 VOC Trap 1 1 h 1 1430 1.11 1.09 1.149

2-08 VOC Trap 1 1 h 2 1366 1.06

2-05 VOC Trap 1 3 h 1 797 0.620 0.605 0.638

2-05 VOC Trap 1 3 h 2 758 0.590

2-06 VOC Trap 1 3 h 1 780 0.607 0.645 0.679

2-06 VOC Trap 1 3 h 2 876 0.682

2-07 VOC Trap 1 3 h 1 945 0.736 0.713 0.751

2-07 VOC Trap 1 3 h 2 885 0.689

2-08 VOC Trap 1 3 h 1 1086 0.846 0.856 0.902

2-08 VOC Trap 1 3 h 2 1112 0.867

2-05 VOC Trap 1 5 h 1 788 0.613 0.661 0.696

2-05 VOC Trap 1 5 h 2 909 0.708

2-06 VOC Trap 1 5 h 1 777 0.605 0.619 0.652

2-06 VOC Trap 1 5 h 2 813 0.633

2-07 VOC Trap 1 5 h 1 701 0.545 0.616 0.649

2-07 VOC Trap 1 5 h 2 881 0.686

2-08 VOC Trap 1 5 h 1 1031 0.803 0.765 0.806

2-08 VOC Trap 1 5 h 2 934 0.727

2-05 VOC Trap 1 7 h 1 730 0.568 0.533 0.561

2-05 VOC Trap 1 7 h 2 639 0.497

2-06 VOC Trap 1 7 h 1 764 0.595 0.534 0.563

2-06 VOC Trap 1 7 h 2 609 0.474

2-07 VOC Trap 1 7 h 1 946 0.737 0.729 0.768

2-07 VOC Trap 1 7 h 2 925 0.720

2-08 VOC Trap 1 7 h 1 838 0.652 0.603 0.635

2-08 VOC Trap 1 7 h 2 711 0.553

2-05 VOC Trap 1 12 h 1 627 0.488 0.497 0.524

2-05 VOC Trap 1 12 h 2 652 0.507

2-06 VOC Trap 1 12 h 1 1059 0.825 0.746 0.786

2-06 VOC Trap 1 12 h 2 857 0.667

2-07 VOC Trap 1 12 h 1 1445 1.13 1.13 1.196

2-07 VOC Trap 1 12 h 2 1466 1.14

2-08 VOC Trap 1 12 h 1 1197 0.933 0.948 0.999

2-08 VOC Trap 1 12 h 2 1235 0.963
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 31

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2. 

Sample I.D injection Peak Area Conc. (μg/μl) Mean (μg/μl) Mean (μg/mg)

2-05 VOC Trap 1 24 h 1 88 0.0665 0.0708 0.075

2-05 VOC Trap 1 24 h 2 99 0.0751

2-06 VOC Trap 1 24 h 1 116 0.0884 0.0935 0.098

2-06 VOC Trap 1 24 h 2 129 0.0986

2-07 VOC Trap 1 24 h 1 291 0.225 0.234 0.247

2-07 VOC Trap 1 24 h 2 314 0.243

2-08 VOC Trap 1 24 h 1 258 0.199 0.207 0.218

2-08 VOC Trap 1 24 h 2 277 0.214

2-05 VOC Trap 1 48 h 1 15 0.00949 0.0107 0.011

2-05 VOC Trap 1 48 h 2 18 0.0118

2-06 VOC Trap 1 48 h 1 110 0.0837 0.0790 0.083

2-06 VOC Trap 1 48 h 2 98 0.0743

2-07 VOC Trap 1 48 h 1 17 0.0111 0.0107 0.011

2-07 VOC Trap 1 48 h 2 16 0.0103

2-08 VOC Trap 1 48 h 1 29 0.0204 0.0228 0.024

2-08 VOC Trap 1 48 h 2 35 0.0251

2-05 VOC Trap 1 72 h 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a

2-05 VOC Trap 1 72 h 2 n/a n/a

2-06 VOC Trap 1 72 h 1 26 0.0181 0.0200 0.021

2-06 VOC Trap 1 72 h 2 31 0.0220

2-07 VOC Trap 1 72 h 1 6 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 72 h 2 6 below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 72 h 1 38 0.0275 0.0263 0.028

2-08 VOC Trap 1 72 h 2 35 0.0251

2-05 VOC Trap 1 96 h 1 6 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-05 VOC Trap 1 96 h 2 6 below LOQ

2-06 VOC Trap 1 96 h 1 8 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-06 VOC Trap 1 96 h 2 8 below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 96 h 1 6 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 96 h 2 6 below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 96 h 1 12 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 96 h 2 11 below LOQ

2-05 VOC Trap 1 120 h 1 7 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-05 VOC Trap 1 120 h 2 8 below LOQ

2-06 VOC Trap 1 120 h 1 7 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-06 VOC Trap 1 120 h 2 6 below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 120 h 1 6 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 120 h 2 5 below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 120 h 1 9 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 120 h 2 9 below LOQ
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 32

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2. 

Sample I.D injection Peak Area Conc. (μg/μl) Mean (μg/μl) Mean (μg/mg)

2-05 VOC Trap 1 144 h 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a

2-05 VOC Trap 1 144 h 2 n/a n/a

2-06 VOC Trap 1 144 h 1 5 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-06 VOC Trap 1 144 h 2 n/a n/a

2-07 VOC Trap 1 144 h 1 6 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 144 h 2 6 below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 144 h 1 7 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-08 VOC Trap 1 144 h 2 7 below LOQ

2-05 VOC Trap 1 168 h 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a

2-05 VOC Trap 1 168 h 2 n/a n/a

2-06 VOC Trap 1 168 h 1 7 below LOQ below LOQ below LOQ

2-06 VOC Trap 1 168 h 2 6 below LOQ

2-07 VOC Trap 1 168 h 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a

2-07 VOC Trap 1 168 h 2 n/a n/a

2-08 VOC Trap 1 168 h 1 18 0.0118 0.0126 0.013

2-08 VOC Trap 1 168 h 2 20 0.0134

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 1 368 0.285 0.284 0.300

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 2 366 0.284

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 1 536 0.417 0.409 0.431

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 2 516 0.401

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 1 549 0.427 0.441 0.464

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 2 585 0.455

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 1 603 0.469 0.441 0.464

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 1 h 2 531 0.413

2-05 VOC Trap 2 72 h 1 21 0.0142 0.0134 0.014

2-05 VOC Trap 2 72 h 2 19 0.0126
RTI Project No.: 0209408.004 Protocol No. RTI-935 Final Report

H - 33

Table 17 (contd). Concentration of TBA in Exhaled VOC Trap Extracts from Group 2. 

Sample I.D injection Peak Area Conc. (μg/μl) Mean (μg/μl) Mean (μg/mg)

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 1 397 0.308 0.312 0.329

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 2 407 0.316

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 1 462 0.359 0.358 0.377

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 2 459 0.356

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 1 517 0.402 0.387 0.408

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 2 479 0.372

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 1 623 0.484 0.496 0.523

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 3 h 2 653 0.508

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 1 471 0.366 0.326 0.343

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 2 369 0.286

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 1 496 0.385 0.392 0.413

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 2 512 0.398

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 1 502 0.390 0.393 0.414

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 2 509 0.395

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 1 581 0.452 0.457 0.482

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 5 h 2 595 0.463

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 1 301 0.233 0.231 0.243

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 2 296 0.229

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 1 338 0.262 0.255 0.269

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 2 321 0.249

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 1 431 0.334 0.306 0.322

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 2 358 0.277

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 1 361 0.280 0.292 0.308

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 7 h 2 392 0.304

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 1 392 0.304 0.294 0.310

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 2 366 0.284

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 1 572 0.445 0.450 0.474

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 2 586 0.456

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 1 669 0.520 0.540 0.569

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 2 720 0.560

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 1 553 0.430 0.408 0.430

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 12 h 2 497 0.386

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 1 51 0.0376 0.0372 0.039

2-05 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 2 50 0.0368

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 1 101 0.0767 0.0782 0.082

2-06 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 2 105 0.0798

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 1 162 0.124 0.123 0.129

2-07 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 2 158 0.121

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 1 124 0.0946 0.0950 0.100

2-08 VOC 1 EX2 24 h 2 125 0.0954