Cr Pr 2-2 (10-08) a 

Washington, D.C.

Crop 

Production

Released October 10, 2008, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For 

information on Crop Production call (202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. 

Corn Production Down Slightly from September 

Soybean Production Up Slightly 

Cotton Production Down 1 Percent 

Orange Production Down 10 Percent from Last Season 

Corn production is forecast at 12.0 billion bushels, down slightly from the September forecast and 8 percent below 2007. 

Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 153.9 bushels per acre, up 1.6 bushels from September 

and 2.8 bushels above last year. If realized, this will be the second highest yield on record, behind 2004, and production will 

be the second largest, behind last year. Yield forecasts are lower than last month across the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and 

eastern Corn Belt as dry conditions during September continued to adversely affect the late developing corn crop. Forecasted 

yields also decreased in parts of the Delta and in Missouri where excessive moisture and high winds from Hurricanes Gustav 

and Ike stressed the crop. Yield prospects improved in the central Corn Belt, central Great Plains, and upper Mississippi 

Valley as September rains brought much needed moisture to the region. Based on administrative information, acreage 

updates were made in several States and farmers now expect to harvest 78.2 million acres for grain, down 1 percent from the 

September forecast and 10 percent below 2007. 

Soybean production is forecast at 2.94 billion bushels, up slightly from the September forecast and up 10 percent from last 

year. If realized, this will be the fourth largest production on record. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to 

average 39.5 bushels per acre, down 0.5 bushel from September 1 and down 2.2 bushels from 2007. Compared with 

September 1, yields are forecast lower or unchanged across the Corn Belt and Great Plains, with the exception of Illinois and 

Kansas. Yields increased or are unchanged from the September 1 forecast across the Southeast, the lower Mississippi Valley, 

and the mid-Atlantic States. As a result of updates that were made to planted acreage in several States based on 

administrative data, U.S. planted area totals 75.9 million acres. Area for harvest in the U.S. is forecast at 74.4 million acres, 

up 1 percent from September 1 and up 16 percent from 2007. 

All Cotton production is forecast at 13.7 million 480-pound bales, down 1 percent from last month and down 29 percent from 

last year. Yield is expected to average 849 pounds per harvested acre, unchanged from last month but down 30 pounds from 

the record yield in 2007. Upland cotton production is forecast at 13.3 million 480-pound bales, down 1 percent from last 

month and 28 percent below 2007. Producers in the Southeast and Texas are expecting increased yields from last month, 

while producers in Louisiana and Mississippi expect lower yields due to the effects of Hurricane Gustav. Upland growers in 

Arkansas and New Mexico are expecting record high yields. American-Pima production is forecast at 451,000 bales, down 

2 percent from last month and down 47 percent from last year. 

Update Alert 

In calculating crop acreage, NASS draws upon several data sources, including farmer reported surveys, satellite imagery, 

and acreage data reported by producers to the Farm Service Agency (FSA). After the October 10 Crop Production

report was released, FSA analysts noted a discrepancy between the acreage numbers in the raw data on the FSA 

mainframe and the data provided to NASS. Using the definitive source data from the FSA mainframe database, NASS 

repeated its acreage estimation process for dry edible beans, canola, corn, sorghum, soybeans, and sunflower. As a 

result, this report was reissued on October 28 to reflect corrected acreage and production estimates. All tables, charts, 

and narratives affected by these corrections have been updated. For specific changes, refer to the tables on pages 43–47. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 2 NASS, USDA 

The U.S. all orange forecast for the 2008-09 season is 9.19 million tons, down 10 percent from the 2007-08 final utilization 

but 21 percent higher than the 2006-07 final utilization of 7.63 million tons. Florida’s all orange forecast, at 166 million 

boxes (7.47 million tons), decreased 2 percent from last season’s final utilization but is 29 percent higher than the 2006-07 

crop. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 88.0 million boxes (3.96 million tons), up 5 percent from 

last season and 34 percent above the 2006-07 crop. Florida’s Valencia forecast, at 78.0 million boxes (3.51 million tons), is 

down 10 percent from the 2007-08 crop but 23 percent higher than 2006-07. The early, midseason, and navel orange 

production forecast is 13 percent higher than Valencia production, the largest percentage difference since the 2002-03 season. 

Average fruit per tree for early-midseason oranges (excluding Navels) is 2 percent higher than last season but 15 percent 

lower for Valencias. Fruit sizes are average on all orange varieties. 

Orange production in California is forecast at 44.0 million boxes (1.65 million tons), down 32 percent from 2007-08 and 

4 percent below the 2006-07 crop. Navel oranges are forecast at 32.0 million boxes (1.20 million tons), down 34 percent from 

last season and down 7 percent from final 2006-07 utilization. The October 1 California Valencia forecast is 12.0 million 

boxes (450,000 tons), down 25 percent from last season but up 4 percent from the 2006-07 crop. Navel orange fruit were 

sizing well, and harvest should begin by mid-October. A lower than average navel yield is expected since fruit set per tree is

at the lowest level on record. Harvest of the 2007-08 Valencia crop remained underway in many locations. Growers expect a 

decrease in production for the 2008-09 crop. 

The Texas October 1 forecast for all oranges is 1.50 million boxes (64,000 tons), down 13 percent from 2007-08 and 

24 percent lower than the 2006-07 season. Arizona’s all orange production is forecast at 250,000 boxes, down 34 percent 

from last season and 17 percent lower than the 2006-07 crop. 

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2008-09 season, at 1.59 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, is 5 percent lower than last season’s final yield of 1.67 gallons per box. Projected yield from the 2008-09

early-midseason and Valencia varieties will be published in the January Crop Production report. All projections of yield 

assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. 

This report was approved on October 10, 2008. 

Secretary of 

Agriculture 

Edward T. Schafer 

Agricultural Statistics Board 

Chairperson 

Carol C. House 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 3 NASS, USDA 

Contents

Page 

Selected Crops: Area Planted and Harvested Updates................................................................................................................4 

Grains & Hay

 Corn for Grain ...........................................................................................................................................................................6 

 Changes from Original Report..............................................................................................................................................43 

 Ears Per Acre........................................................................................................................................................................30 

 Hay, Alfalfa .............................................................................................................................................................................14 

 Hay, Other ...............................................................................................................................................................................15 

 Rice............................................................................................................................................................................................8 

 Rice, by Class .........................................................................................................................................................................8 

 Sorghum for Grain.....................................................................................................................................................................7 

 Changes from Original Report..............................................................................................................................................45

Oilseeds

 Canola......................................................................................................................................................................................11 

 Changes from Original Report..............................................................................................................................................45

 Peanuts.....................................................................................................................................................................................11 

 Soybeans....................................................................................................................................................................................9 

 Changes from Original Report..............................................................................................................................................44

 Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet.....................................................................................................................................31 

 Sunflower ................................................................................................................................................................................10 

 Changes from Original Report..............................................................................................................................................46

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops

 Cotton ......................................................................................................................................................................................12 

 Cumulative Bolls Counts......................................................................................................................................................32 

 Cottonseed ...............................................................................................................................................................................13 

 Sugarbeets................................................................................................................................................................................16 

 Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed .................................................................................................................................................16 

 Tobacco ...................................................................................................................................................................................18 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils

 Dry Edible Beans......................................................................................................................................................................17 

 Changes from Original Report..............................................................................................................................................47

Noncitrus Fruits & Tree Nuts 

 Apples......................................................................................................................................................................................21 

 Grapes......................................................................................................................................................................................23 

 Papayas....................................................................................................................................................................................23 

 Prunes ......................................................................................................................................................................................23 

 Pecans......................................................................................................................................................................................22 

Citrus

 Grapefruit ................................................................................................................................................................................20 

 Lemons ....................................................................................................................................................................................20 

 Oranges....................................................................................................................................................................................20 

 Tangelos ..................................................................................................................................................................................20 

 Tangerines ...............................................................................................................................................................................20 

Potatoes & Miscellaneous Crops

 Potatoes....................................................................................................................................................................................18 

Crop Comments.............................................................................................................................................................................35 

Crop Summary ..............................................................................................................................................................................24 

Information Contacts....................................................................................................................................................................50 

Reliability of Production Data in this Report..............................................................................................................................48 

Weather Maps................................................................................................................................................................................33 

Weather Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................34 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 4 NASS, USDA 

Selected Crops: Area Planted and Harvested by State 

and United States, 2008 

Corn Sorghum Soybeans State 

Planted 1

 Harvested Planted 1 Harvested Planted 1 Harvested 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

AL 

AZ 

AR 

CA 

CO 

CT 

DE 

FL 

GA 

ID 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

ME 

MD 

MA 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

MT 

NE 

NV 

NH 

NJ 

NM 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

OR 

PA 

RI 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

UT 

VT 

VA 

WA 

WV 

WI 

WY 

US 

260 

45 

450 

670 

1,250 

27 

160 

75 

370 

295 

12,100 

5,700 

13,300 

3,800 

1,190 

520 

29 

460 

19 

2,350 

7,800 

720 

2,800 

79 

8,800 

4 

15 

85 

140 

1,090 

900 

2,550 

3,250 

360 

57 

1,350 

2 

355 

4,750 

690 

2,300 

65 

94 

470 

160 

43 

3,800 

90 

85,889 

240 

20 

440 

215 

1,120 

152 

40 

320 

70 

11,700 

5,450 

12,500 

3,600 

1,110 

510 

390 

2,070 

7,250 

700 

2,600 

34 

8,550 

74 

60 

610 

830 

2,300 

3,050 

330 

30 

930 

325 

4,300 

630 

2,100 

22 

350 

75 

26 

3,000 

54 

78,177 

12 

55 

120 

45 

230 

60 

80 

2,900 

12 

120 

85 

90 

310 

120 

16 

350 

16 

10 

170 

26 

3,500 

8,327 

8 

35 

110 

15 

180 

40 

77 

2,750 

10 

115 

83 

85 

220 

80 

13 

320 

4 

7 

110 

23 

3,100 

7,385 

360 

3,300 

195 

32 

430 

9,200 

5,450 

9,800 

3,300 

1,400 

1,050 

500 

1,900 

7,050 

2,010 

5,250 

4,900 

92 

230 

1,690 

3,800 

4,500 

390 

445 

540 

4,100 

1,500 

225 

590 

19 

1,630 

75,878 

350 

3,250 

192 

29 

410 

9,050 

5,400 

9,600 

3,200 

1,390 

990 

490 

1,890 

6,900 

1,980 

5,050 

4,850 

89 

226 

1,660 

3,720 

4,480 

360 

440 

520 

4,040 

1,460 

210 

570 

18 

1,560 

74,374 

1

 Updated from previous report. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 5 NASS, USDA 

Selected Crops: Area Planted and Harvested by State 

and United States, 2008 1

Sunflower Canola 

State Oil Non-Oil All 

Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Planted Harvested 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

CO 

KS 

MN 

MT 

NE 

ND 

SD 

TX 

Oth 

 Sts 2

US 

23.0 

7.5 

920.0 

64.5 

1,015.0 

22.0 

7.1 

900.0 

56.9 

986.0 

165.0 

220.0 

80.0 

45.0 

950.0 

550.0 

65.0 

79.0 

2,154.0 

155.0 

205.0 

77.0 

42.0 

915.0 

522.0 

59.0 

74.0 

2,049.0 

25.0 

22.0 

40.0 

19.0 

150.0 

50.0 

35.0 

12.0 

353.0 

23.0 

20.0 

38.0 

18.0 

145.0 

48.0 

33.0 

11.0 

336.0 

190.0 

242.0 

120.0 

64.0 

1,100.0 

600.0 

100.0 

91.0 

2,507.0 

178.0 

225.0 

115.0 

60.0 

1,060.0 

570.0 

92.0 

85.0 

2,385.0 

1

 Updated from previous report. 

2

 Other States for Canola include CO, ID, KS, MI, OK, OR, and WA. 

 Other States for Sunflower include CA, IL, MI, MO, MT, OK, WI, and WY. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 6 NASS, USDA 

Corn for Grain: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production 

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AL 

AR 

CA 

CO 

DE 

GA 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

MD 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

NE 

NJ 

NM 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

PA 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

VA 

WA 

WI 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

280 

590 

200 

1,060 

185 

450 

13,050 

6,370 

13,850 

3,700 

1,360 

730 

455 

2,350 

7,800 

940 

3,250 

9,200 

82 

55 

550 

1,020 

2,350 

3,610 

270 

980 

370 

4,500 

785 

2,000 

405 

120 

3,280 

345 

86,542 

240 

440 

215 

1,120 

152 

320 

11,700 

5,450 

12,500 

3,600 

1,110 

510 

390 

2,070 

7,250 

700 

2,600 

8,550 

74 

60 

610 

830 

2,300 

3,050 

330 

930 

325 

4,300 

630 

2,100 

350 

75 

3,000 

296 

78,177 

79.0 

168.0 

180.0 

142.0 

97.0 

130.0 

175.0 

155.0 

171.0 

140.0 

129.0 

165.0 

103.0 

124.0 

146.0 

150.0 

142.0 

160.0 

125.0 

175.0 

127.0 

100.0 

116.0 

150.0 

145.0 

128.0 

100.0 

121.0 

106.0 

148.0 

85.0 

210.0 

135.0 

148.5 

151.1 

92.0 

165.0 

175.0 

145.0 

120.0 

135.0 

172.0 

162.0 

168.0 

134.0 

137.0 

150.0 

126.0 

140.0 

163.0 

140.0 

142.0 

157.0 

115.0 

175.0 

131.0 

75.0 

125.0 

152.0 

134.0 

122.0 

55.0 

135.0 

115.0 

124.0 

104.0 

210.0 

137.0 

150.7 

152.3 

92.0 

160.0 

180.0 

140.0 

124.0 

130.0 

177.0 

160.0 

172.0 

137.0 

133.0 

145.0 

121.0 

140.0 

167.0 

143.0 

140.0 

161.0 

115.0 

175.0 

133.0 

70.0 

127.0 

147.0 

134.0 

122.0 

52.0 

132.0 

111.0 

127.0 

99.0 

210.0 

139.0 

148.5 

153.9 

22,120 

99,120 

36,000 

150,520 

17,945 

58,500 

2,283,750 

987,350 

2,368,350 

518,000 

175,440 

120,450 

46,865 

291,400 

1,138,800 

141,000 

461,500 

1,472,000 

10,250 

9,625 

69,850 

102,000 

272,600 

541,500 

39,150 

125,440 

37,000 

544,500 

83,210 

296,000 

34,425 

25,200 

442,800 

51,233 

13,073,893 

22,080 

70,400 

38,700 

156,800 

18,848 

41,600 

2,070,900 

872,000 

2,150,000 

493,200 

147,630 

73,950 

47,190 

289,800 

1,210,750 

100,100 

364,000 

1,376,550 

8,510 

10,500 

81,130 

58,100 

292,100 

448,350 

44,220 

113,460 

16,900 

567,600 

69,930 

266,700 

34,650 

15,750 

417,000 

43,970 

12,033,368 

1

 Other States include AZ, FL, ID, MT, OR, UT, WV, and WY. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2008 

Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 7 NASS, USDA 

Sorghum for Grain: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production 

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AR 

CO 

IL 

KS 

LA 

MO 

NE 

NM 

OK 

SD 

TX 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

215 

150 

77 

2,650 

245 

105 

240 

75 

220 

130 

2,450 

248 

6,805 

110 

180 

77 

2,750 

115 

85 

220 

80 

320 

110 

3,100 

238 

7,385 

94.0 

37.0 

81.0 

80.0 

97.0 

96.0 

98.0 

40.0 

58.0 

62.0 

66.0 

73.0 

74.2 

97.0 

27.0 

85.0 

76.0 

93.0 

95.0 

89.0 

45.0 

46.0 

65.0 

52.0 

69.9 

66.1 

90.0 

27.0 

85.0 

76.0 

93.0 

95.0 

89.0 

41.0 

47.0 

65.0 

52.0 

69.7 

63.9 

20,210 

5,550 

6,237 

212,000 

23,765 

10,080 

23,520 

3,000 

12,760 

8,060 

161,700 

18,111 

504,993 

9,900 

4,860 

6,545 

209,000 

10,695 

8,075 

19,580 

3,280 

15,040 

7,150 

161,200 

16,596 

471,921 

1

 Other States include AL, AZ, CA, GA, KY, MS, NC, PA, SC, and TN. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 

2008 Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 8 NASS, USDA 

Rice: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production 

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds Pounds Pounds 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 

AR 

CA 

LA 

MS 

MO 

TX 

US 

1,325 

533 

378 

189 

178 

145 

2,748 

1,345 

517 

465 

229 

199 

169 

2,924 

7,130 

8,220 

6,140 

7,450 

6,900 

6,600 

7,185 

7,200 

7,800 

5,700 

7,400 

7,100 

7,200 

7,076 

6,900 

8,100 

5,700 

7,200 

7,100 

7,300 

6,982 

94,487 

43,822 

23,222 

14,081 

12,279 

9,565 

197,456 

92,805 

41,877 

26,505 

16,488 

14,129 

12,337 

204,141 

Rice: Production by Class, United States, 

2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Year Long Grain Medium Grain Short Grain 1

 All 

1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 

2006 

2007 

2008 2

146,214 

142,182 

155,239 

43,802 

51,184 

45,665 

3,720 

4,090 

3,237 

193,736 

197,456 

204,141 

1

 Sweet rice production included with short grain. 

2

 The 2008 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all 

rice yield. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 9 NASS, USDA 

Soybeans for Beans: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production 

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AL 

AR 

DE 

GA 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

MD 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

NE 

NJ 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

PA 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

VA 

WI 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

185 

2,820 

155 

285 

8,280 

4,790 

8,630 

2,610 

1,100 

600 

390 

1,790 

6,290 

1,440 

4,670 

3,850 

80 

203 

1,380 

3,060 

4,240 

180 

425 

440 

3,240 

1,010 

92 

500 

1,380 

26 

64,141 

350 

3,250 

192 

410 

9,050 

5,400 

9,600 

3,200 

1,390 

990 

490 

1,890 

6,900 

1,980 

5,050 

4,850 

89 

226 

1,660 

3,720 

4,480 

360 

440 

520 

4,040 

1,460 

210 

570 

1,560 

47 

74,374 

21.0 

36.0 

26.0 

30.0 

43.5 

46.0 

52.0 

33.0 

27.5 

43.0 

27.0 

39.5 

42.5 

40.5 

37.5 

51.0 

31.0 

39.0 

22.0 

35.5 

47.0 

26.0 

41.0 

18.5 

42.0 

19.0 

37.5 

27.5 

40.5 

28.8 

41.7 

28.0 

38.0 

28.0 

30.0 

42.0 

43.0 

47.0 

35.0 

36.0 

32.0 

29.0 

38.0 

40.0 

38.0 

37.0 

48.0 

30.0 

46.0 

28.0 

35.0 

42.0 

27.0 

39.0 

27.0 

40.0 

30.0 

23.0 

27.0 

38.0 

33.3 

40.0 

29.0 

39.0 

28.0 

30.0 

45.0 

42.0 

46.0 

36.0 

34.0 

35.0 

30.0 

37.0 

40.0 

38.0 

37.0 

47.0 

28.0 

44.0 

32.0 

31.0 

38.0 

27.0 

39.0 

28.0 

36.0 

30.0 

22.0 

28.0 

36.0 

37.7 

39.5 

3,885 

101,520 

4,030 

8,550 

360,180 

220,340 

448,760 

86,130 

30,250 

25,800 

10,530 

70,705 

267,325 

58,320 

175,125 

196,350 

2,480 

7,917 

30,360 

108,630 

199,280 

4,680 

17,425 

8,140 

136,080 

19,190 

3,450 

13,750 

55,890 

750 

2,675,822 

10,150 

126,750 

5,376 

12,300 

407,250 

226,800 

441,600 

115,200 

47,260 

34,650 

14,700 

69,930 

276,000 

75,240 

186,850 

227,950 

2,492 

9,944 

53,120 

115,320 

170,240 

9,720 

17,160 

14,560 

145,440 

43,800 

4,620 

15,960 

56,160 

1,771 

2,938,313 

1

 Other States include FL and WV. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2008 Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 10 NASS, USDA 

Sunflower: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type, State, 

and United States, 2006-2007 1

 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Varietal Area Harvested Yield Production 

Type & 

State 2007 2008 2007 2008 2

 2006 2007 2008 2

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Oil 

 CO 

 KS 

 MN 

 NE 

 ND 

 SD 

 TX 

 Oth 

 Sts 3

 US 

Non-Oil 

 CO 

 KS 

 MN 

 NE 

 ND 

 SD 

 TX 

 Oth 

 Sts 3

 US 

All 

 CO 

 KS 

 MN 

 NE 

 ND 

 SD 

 TX 

 Oth 

 Sts 3

 US 

100.0 

145.0 

88.0 

33.0 

895.0 

389.0 

13.0 

54.0 

1,717.0 

13.0 

16.0 

39.0 

13.0 

160.0 

20.0 

24.0 

7.5 

292.5 

113.0 

161.0 

127.0 

46.0 

1,055.0 

409.0 

37.0 

61.5 

2,009.5 

155.0 

205.0 

77.0 

42.0 

915.0 

522.0 

59.0 

74.0 

2,049.0 

23.0 

20.0 

38.0 

18.0 

145.0 

48.0 

33.0 

11.0 

336.0 

178.0 

225.0 

115.0 

60.0 

1,060.0 

570.0 

92.0 

85.0 

2,385.0 

1,150 

1,450 

1,600 

1,240 

1,440 

1,560 

1,700 

1,319 

1,454 

1,600 

1,500 

1,300 

1,350 

1,270 

1,700 

1,300 

1,159 

1,334 

1,202 

1,455 

1,508 

1,271 

1,414 

1,567 

1,441 

1,299 

1,436 

990 

1,381 

1,583 

1,400 

1,445 

1,668 

1,064 

1,429 

1,448 

82,500 

156,000 

98,050 

37,200 

932,400 

397,700 

13,650 

70,466 

1,787,966 

26,100 

12,060 

51,200 

25,200 

182,400 

39,900 

7,700 

11,087 

355,647 

108,600 

168,060 

149,250 

62,400 

1,114,800 

437,600 

21,350 

81,553 

2,143,613 

115,000 

210,250 

140,800 

40,920 

1,288,800 

606,840 

22,100 

71,210 

2,495,920 

20,800 

24,000 

50,700 

17,550 

203,200 

34,000 

31,200 

8,695 

390,145 

135,800 

234,250 

191,500 

58,470 

1,492,000 

640,840 

53,300 

79,905 

2,886,065 

176,300 

310,750 

182,100 

84,000 

1,531,200 

950,940 

97,900 

121,450 

3,454,640 

1

 2007 Revised. 

2

 2008 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the "Crop Production 2008 Summary." 

3

 Other States include CA, IL, MI, MO, MT, OK, WI, and WY. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 11 NASS, USDA 

Peanuts: Area Planted, Harvested, Yield and Production by State and 

United States, 2006-2007 1

 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Planted Area Harvested State 

2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

AL 

FL 

GA 

MS 

NM 

NC 

OK 

SC 

TX 

VA 

US 

165.0 

130.0 

580.0 

17.0 

12.0 

85.0 

23.0 

59.0 

155.0 

17.0 

1,243.0 

160.0 

130.0 

530.0 

19.0 

10.0 

92.0 

18.0 

59.0 

190.0 

22.0 

1,230.0 

195.0 

145.0 

695.0 

22.0 

8.0 

99.0 

19.0 

71.0 

255.0 

24.0 

1,533.0 

163.0 

120.0 

575.0 

16.0 

12.0 

84.0 

22.0 

56.0 

145.0 

17.0 

1,210.0 

157.0 

119.0 

520.0 

18.0 

10.0 

90.0 

17.0 

56.0 

187.0 

21.0 

1,195.0 

191.0 

133.0 

685.0 

21.0 

8.0 

98.0 

18.0 

67.0 

250.0 

23.0 

1,494.0 

Yield Production 

State 2008 2006 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2006 2007 2008 

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

AL 

FL 

GA 

MS 

NM 

NC 

OK 

SC 

TX 

VA 

US 

2,500 

2,500 

2,780 

2,900 

3,600 

3,200 

2,850 

3,000 

3,550 

3,200 

2,863 

2,550 

2,700 

3,120 

3,300 

3,500 

2,900 

3,400 

3,100 

3,700 

2,500 

3,076 

3,000 

3,100 

3,150 

3,300 

3,500 

2,900 

3,800 

3,400 

3,500 

2,900 

3,188 

3,100 

3,400 

3,250 

3,400 

3,500 

3,200 

3,900 

3,500 

3,500 

2,800 

3,298 

407,500 

300,000 

1,598,500 

46,400 

43,200 

268,800 

62,700 

168,000 

514,750 

54,400 

3,464,250 

400,350 

321,300 

1,622,400 

59,400 

35,000 

261,000 

57,800 

173,600 

691,900 

52,500 

3,675,250 

592,100 

452,200 

2,226,250 

71,400 

28,000 

313,600 

70,200 

234,500 

875,000 

64,400 

4,927,650 

1

 2007 Revised. 

Canola: Area Harvested, Yield and Production by State 

and United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

MN 

MT 

ND 

Oth Sts 1

US 

30.0 

7.7 

1,070.0 

55.3 

1,163.0 

22.0 

7.1 

900.0 

56.9 

986.0 

1,360 

1,310 

1,240 

1,377 

1,250 

1,650 

1,300 

1,520 

1,394 

1,514 

35,910 

10,976 

1,280,950 

66,496 

1,394,332 

40,800 

10,087 

1,326,800 

76,143 

1,453,830 

36,300 

9,230 

1,368,000 

79,316 

1,492,846 

1

 Other States include CO, ID, KS, MI, OK, OR, and WA. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 12 NASS, USDA 

Cotton: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type, State, 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production 1

2008 

Type 

and 

State 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds Pounds Pounds 1,000 Bales 2 1,000 Bales 2

Upland 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TN 

 TX 

 VA 

 US 

Amer-Pima 

 AZ 

 CA 

 NM 

 TX 

 US 

All 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TN 

 TX 

 VA 

 US 

385.0 

168.0 

850.0 

194.0 

81.0 

995.0 

43.0 

330.0 

655.0 

379.0 

39.0 

490.0 

165.0 

158.0 

510.0 

4,700.0 

59.0 

10,201.0 

2.5 

257.0 

4.6 

24.0 

288.1 

385.0 

170.5 

850.0 

451.0 

81.0 

995.0 

43.0 

330.0 

655.0 

379.0 

43.6 

490.0 

165.0 

158.0 

510.0 

4,724.0 

59.0 

10,489.1 

285.0 

128.0 

640.0 

117.0 

65.0 

940.0 

28.0 

260.0 

360.0 

307.0 

34.0 

438.0 

155.0 

134.0 

280.0 

3,350.0 

64.0 

7,585.0 

1.0 

151.0 

3.0 

15.0 

170.0 

285.0 

129.0 

640.0 

268.0 

65.0 

940.0 

28.0 

260.0 

360.0 

307.0 

37.0 

438.0 

155.0 

134.0 

280.0 

3,365.0 

64.0 

7,755.0 

519 

1,469 

1,071 

1,608 

687 

801 

639 

1,017 

966 

968 

1,095 

767 

817 

486 

565 

843 

829 

864 

883 

1,481 

856 

920 

1,419 

519 

1,460 

1,071 

1,536 

687 

801 

639 

1,017 

966 

968 

1,070 

767 

817 

486 

565 

843 

829 

879 

714 

1,425 

1,125 

1,600 

738 

797 

617 

775 

1,027 

969 

988 

789 

898 

688 

806 

748 

788 

839 

960 

1,335 

800 

1,024 

1,296 

714 

1,421 

1,125 

1,451 

738 

797 

617 

775 

1,027 

969 

973 

789 

898 

688 

806 

749 

788 

849 

733 

1,425 

1,125 

1,559 

775 

812 

686 

591 

907 

1,048 

1,101 

778 

805 

795 

840 

759 

750 

839 

960 

1,335 

800 

768 

1,273 

733 

1,421 

1,125 

1,433 

775 

812 

686 

591 

907 

1,048 

1,077 

778 

805 

795 

840 

759 

750 

849 

416.0 

514.0 

1,896.0 

650.0 

116.0 

1,660.0 

57.2 

699.0 

1,318.0 

764.0 

89.0 

783.0 

281.0 

160.0 

600.0 

8,250.0 

101.9 

18,355.1 

4.6 

793.0 

8.2 

46.0 

851.8 

416.0 

518.6 

1,896.0 

1,443.0 

116.0 

1,660.0 

57.2 

699.0 

1,318.0 

764.0 

97.2 

783.0 

281.0 

160.0 

600.0 

8,296.0 

101.9 

19,206.9 

435.0 

380.0 

1,500.0 

380.0 

105.0 

1,590.0 

40.0 

320.0 

680.0 

670.0 

78.0 

710.0 

260.0 

222.0 

490.0 

5,300.0 

100.0 

13,260.0 

2.0 

420.0 

5.0 

24.0 

451.0 

435.0 

382.0 

1,500.0 

800.0 

105.0 

1,590.0 

40.0 

320.0 

680.0 

670.0 

83.0 

710.0 

260.0 

222.0 

490.0 

5,324.0 

100.0 

13,711.0 

1

 Production ginned and to be ginned. 

2

 480-lb. net weight bale. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 13 NASS, USDA 

Cottonseed: Production, United States, 

2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Production State 

2006 2007 2008 1

1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

US 7,347.9 6,588.7 4,666.0 

1

 Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 14 NASS, USDA 

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production 

by State and United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Tons Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

AZ 

CA 

CO 

ID 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

MI 

MN 

MO 

MT 

NE 

NV 

NM 

NY 

ND 

OH 

OK 

OR 

PA 

SD 

TX 

UT 

VA 

WA 

WI 

WY 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

250 

990 

800 

1,200 

380 

320 

1,140 

800 

300 

800 

1,150 

400 

1,650 

1,150 

265 

260 

420 

1,650 

430 

380 

400 

600 

2,250 

140 

560 

110 

440 

1,650 

570 

215 

21,670 

260 

950 

830 

1,130 

350 

320 

1,100 

780 

240 

750 

1,100 

400 

1,650 

1,050 

260 

250 

430 

1,550 

550 

300 

420 

520 

2,100 

150 

540 

100 

380 

1,500 

600 

218 

20,778 

8.30 

7.20 

3.70 

4.00 

3.70 

2.70 

4.20 

3.50 

1.80 

2.90 

3.10 

2.85 

2.30 

3.65 

4.90 

5.20 

2.40 

2.05 

3.30 

3.80 

4.10 

3.00 

2.25 

5.50 

4.20 

2.50 

5.40 

2.40 

2.70 

2.40 

3.35 

9.30 

7.10 

3.50 

4.40 

4.10 

4.00 

4.20 

3.90 

2.70 

3.20 

3.60 

3.00 

2.00 

3.60 

4.60 

5.30 

2.60 

1.65 

3.10 

4.00 

4.30 

2.90 

2.50 

4.60 

4.10 

3.30 

4.50 

2.60 

2.70 

2.70 

3.44 

2,075 

7,480 

2,964 

5,074 

1,804 

1,476 

4,602 

3,610 

1,036 

2,988 

4,455 

1,131 

3,255 

4,125 

1,377 

1,122 

777 

1,740 

1,645 

798 

1,892 

1,500 

2,880 

675 

2,240 

396 

2,156 

4,620 

1,400 

713 

72,006 

2,075 

7,128 

2,960 

4,800 

1,406 

864 

4,788 

2,800 

540 

2,320 

3,565 

1,140 

3,795 

4,198 

1,299 

1,352 

1,008 

3,383 

1,419 

1,444 

1,640 

1,800 

5,063 

770 

2,352 

275 

2,376 

3,960 

1,539 

516 

72,575 

2,418 

6,745 

2,905 

4,972 

1,435 

1,280 

4,620 

3,042 

648 

2,400 

3,960 

1,200 

3,300 

3,780 

1,196 

1,325 

1,118 

2,558 

1,705 

1,200 

1,806 

1,508 

5,250 

690 

2,214 

330 

1,710 

3,900 

1,620 

589 

71,424 

1

 Other States include AR, CT, DE, ME, MD, MA, NH, NJ, NC, RI, TN, VT, and WV. Individual State level estimates will be published in the 

"Crop Production 2008 Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 15 NASS, USDA 

All Other Hay: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Tons Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

AL 

AR 

CA 

CO 

GA 

ID 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

MT 

NE 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

OR 

PA 

SD 

TN 

TX 

VA 

WA 

WV 

WI 

WY 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

800 

1,560 

620 

750 

670 

300 

300 

340 

340 

2,100 

2,400 

400 

280 

730 

850 

3,650 

900 

1,500 

940 

690 

1,130 

720 

2,800 

600 

1,200 

1,550 

1,700 

5,200 

1,230 

350 

575 

370 

530 

1,880 

39,955 

850 

1,390 

590 

750 

700 

330 

270 

320 

350 

2,000 

2,300 

440 

280 

600 

750 

3,750 

1,000 

1,450 

1,000 

790 

1,300 

710 

2,800 

590 

1,230 

1,600 

1,800 

4,600 

1,350 

330 

580 

450 

600 

1,811 

39,661 

1.70 

1.90 

3.70 

1.90 

1.80 

2.10 

1.70 

2.00 

2.30 

1.70 

1.50 

3.00 

2.00 

1.50 

2.20 

1.75 

1.50 

1.40 

1.80 

1.50 

1.60 

2.10 

2.00 

2.20 

2.00 

1.60 

1.40 

2.80 

1.80 

3.10 

1.50 

1.50 

1.60 

2.02 

1.95 

2.60 

2.00 

3.80 

1.50 

2.00 

2.30 

2.20 

2.60 

2.50 

1.90 

2.00 

3.20 

1.80 

1.90 

2.40 

2.10 

1.30 

1.40 

2.00 

2.30 

1.25 

2.70 

2.00 

2.40 

2.20 

1.60 

2.00 

1.80 

2.20 

2.80 

2.10 

1.60 

1.30 

2.03 

1.99 

1,440 

2,465 

2,160 

1,425 

1,170 

646 

704 

725 

704 

2,940 

5,280 

975 

682 

1,224 

1,560 

5,813 

1,065 

1,628 

2,013 

1,632 

1,397 

1,776 

2,800 

1,364 

3,625 

1,300 

4,140 

8,000 

2,486 

957 

944 

784 

715 

3,791 

70,330 

1,360 

2,964 

2,294 

1,425 

1,206 

630 

510 

680 

782 

3,570 

3,600 

1,200 

560 

1,095 

1,870 

6,388 

1,350 

2,100 

1,692 

1,035 

1,808 

1,512 

5,600 

1,320 

2,400 

2,480 

2,380 

14,560 

2,214 

1,085 

863 

555 

848 

3,793 

77,729 

2,210 

2,780 

2,242 

1,125 

1,400 

759 

594 

832 

875 

3,800 

4,600 

1,408 

504 

1,140 

1,800 

7,875 

1,300 

2,030 

2,000 

1,817 

1,625 

1,917 

5,600 

1,416 

2,706 

2,560 

3,600 

8,280 

2,970 

924 

1,218 

720 

780 

3,669 

79,076 

1

 Other States include AZ, CT, DE, FL, ME, MD, MA, NV, NH, NJ, NM, RI, SC, UT, and VT. Individual State level estimates will be published 

in the "Crop Production 2008 Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 16 NASS, USDA 

Sugarbeets: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 1

Area Harvested Yield Production 

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Tons Tons Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

CA 

CO 

ID 

MI 

MN 

MT 

NE 

ND 

OR 

WA 

WY 

US 

39.1 

29.2 

167.0 

149.0 

481.0 

47.0 

44.3 

247.0 

11.0 

2.0 

30.2 

1,246.8 

25.3 

28.6 

117.0 

136.0 

432.0 

30.7 

37.0 

212.0 

5.9 

1.6 

27.0 

1,053.1 

37.5 

26.2 

34.4 

23.4 

23.8 

24.7 

23.5 

23.1 

31.9 

42.0 

21.8 

25.6 

39.1 

27.0 

30.5 

24.5 

22.7 

25.5 

23.5 

23.0 

31.2 

39.4 

24.0 

24.7 

39.0 

27.0 

30.5 

28.5 

25.0 

25.5 

23.5 

25.5 

31.2 

39.4 

24.0 

26.5 

1,466 

765 

5,745 

3,487 

11,448 

1,161 

1,041 

5,706 

351 

84 

658 

31,912 

987 

772 

3,569 

3,876 

10,800 

783 

870 

5,406 

184 

63 

648 

27,958 

1

 Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except CA. In CA, relates to year of intended harvest for fall planted beets in central CA and to 

year of planting for overwintered beets in central and southern CA. 

Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield 1

 Production 1

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Tons Tons Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

FL 

HI 

LA 

TX 

US 

393.0 

22.9 

420.0 

43.7 

879.6 

400.0 

22.0 

405.0 

41.5 

868.5 

36.1 

68.3 

30.4 

33.4 

34.1 

39.4 

75.8 

27.0 

39.8 

34.6 

39.0 

75.8 

27.0 

39.8 

34.4 

14,177 

1,564 

12,768 

1,460 

29,969 

15,600 

1,668 

10,935 

1,652 

29,855 

1

 Net tons. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 17 NASS, USDA 

Dry Edible Beans: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production 

by State and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Planted Area Harvested State 

2007 2008 1

 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

CA 

CO 

ID 

KS 

MI 

MN 

MT 2

NE 

NM 2

NY 

ND 

OR 2

SD 

TX 

UT 2

WA 

WI 2

WY 

US 

59.0 

48.0 

90.0 

6.5 

200.0 

150.0 

18.3 

110.0 

7.5 

17.0 

690.0 

8.0 

13.0 

17.0 

1.5 

60.0 

6.1 

25.0 

1,526.9 

52.0 

48.0 

80.0 

6.0 

195.0 

150.0 

15.0 

135.0 

8.0 

17.0 

660.0 

4.8 

10.0 

23.5 

1.2 

50.0 

6.4 

31.0 

1,492.9 

58.0 

46.0 

89.0 

6.0 

195.0 

145.0 

16.6 

107.0 

7.5 

16.5 

665.0 

7.9 

11.7 

16.2 

1.3 

60.0 

6.0 

24.0 

1,478.7 

51.0 

44.0 

79.0 

5.5 

190.0 

140.0 

13.0 

125.0 

8.0 

16.4 

630.0 

4.7 

9.5 

21.0 

1.2 

50.0 

6.3 

30.0 

1,424.6 

Yield 3 Production 3

2007 2008 2007 2008 

Pounds Pounds 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 

CA 

CO 

ID 

KS 

MI 

MN 

MT 2

NE 

NM 2

NY 

ND 

OR 2

SD 

TX 

UT 2

WA 

WI 2

WY 

US 

2,090 

1,600 

1,800 

2,300 

1,600 

1,800 

1,670 

2,260 

2,400 

1,360 

1,590 

1,850 

1,860 

1,500 

400 

1,700 

1,530 

2,310 

1,716 

2,100 

1,800 

1,950 

2,100 

1,900 

1,800 

1,900 

2,350 

2,300 

1,900 

1,550 

1,800 

1,900 

1,100 

750 

1,700 

2,000 

2,300 

1,774 

1,212 

736 

1,602 

138 

3,120 

2,610 

278 

2,418 

180 

224 

10,574 

146 

218 

243 

5 

1,020 

92 

555 

25,371 

1,071 

792 

1,541 

116 

3,610 

2,520 

247 

2,938 

184 

312 

9,765 

85 

181 

231 

9 

850 

126 

690 

25,268 

1

 Updated from the August "Crop Production" report. 

2

 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 

3

 Cleaned basis. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 18 NASS, USDA 

Winter Potatoes: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, 

and Production by State and United States, 2007-2008 

Area Planted Area Harvested State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

CA 11.5 11.0 11.5 11.0 

Yield Production 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

Cwt Cwt 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 

CA 215 230 2,473 2,530 

Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State and 

United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production 

State 2008 2007 2008 2007 

Sep 1 Oct 1 

2007 2008 

Acres Acres Pounds Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

CT 

GA 

KY 

MA 

MO 1

NC 

OH 

PA 

SC 

TN 

VA 

US 

2,900 

18,500 

89,200 

1,320 

1,600 

170,000 

3,500 

7,900 

20,500 

19,980 

20,600 

356,000 

2,600 

16,500 

86,400 

690 

1,450 

175,000 

3,100 

7,900 

20,000 

21,800 

20,600 

356,040 

1,699 

2,150 

2,136 

1,675 

2,330 

2,255 

2,050 

2,177 

2,250 

1,934 

2,240 

2,191 

1,581 

2,350 

2,343 

1,445 

2,100 

2,288 

1,950 

2,159 

2,200 

2,388 

2,232 

2,289 

1,546 

2,200 

2,343 

1,445 

2,100 

2,239 

1,950 

2,232 

2,100 

2,425 

2,319 

2,261 

4,927 

39,775 

190,560 

2,211 

3,728 

383,420 

7,175 

17,200 

46,125 

38,636 

46,142 

779,899 

4,020 

36,300 

202,450 

997 

3,045 

391,800 

6,045 

17,630 

42,000 

52,870 

47,770 

804,927 

1

 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 19 NASS, USDA 

Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class, Type, 

State, and United States, 2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Area Harvested Yield Production Class, Type, and State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 

Acres Acres Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Class 1, Flue-cured 

 GA 

 NC 

 SC 

 VA 

 US 

Class 2, Fire-cured 

 KY 

 TN 

 VA 

 US 

Class 3, Air-cured 

 Light Air-cured 

 Burley 

 KY 

 MO 1

 NC 

 OH 

 PA 

 TN 

 VA 

 US 

 Southern MD Belt 

 PA 

 Total Light Air-cured 

 Dark Air-cured 

 KY 

 TN 

 US 

Class 4, Cigar Filler 

 PA Seedleaf 

 PA 

Class 5, Cigar Binder 

 CT Valley Binder 

 CT 

 MA 

 US 

Class 6, Cigar Wrapper 

 CT Valley Shade-grown 

 CT 

 MA 

 US 

All Cigar Types 

All Tobacco 

18,500 

166,000 

20,500 

18,000 

223,000 

8,000 

6,200 

400 

14,600 

77,000 

1,600 

4,000 

3,500 

5,000 

13,000 

2,200 

106,300 

1,100 

107,400 

4,200 

780 

4,980 

1,800 

1,900 

1,100 

3,000 

1,000 

220 

1,220 

6,020 

356,000 

16,500 

172,000 

20,000 

18,000 

226,500 

10,700 

7,200 

500 

18,400 

69,000 

1,450 

3,000 

3,100 

4,300 

13,000 

2,100 

95,950 

1,800 

97,750 

6,700 

1,600 

8,300 

1,800 

1,700 

500 

2,200 

900 

190 

1,090 

5,090 

356,040 

2,150 

2,270 

2,250 

2,280 

2,259 

3,100 

2,600 

1,920 

2,855 

2,000 

2,330 

1,650 

2,050 

2,150 

1,600 

1,970 

1,951 

2,100 

1,952 

2,800 

2,200 

2,706 

2,300 

1,830 

1,750 

1,801 

1,450 

1,300 

1,423 

1,873 

2,191 

2,200 

2,250 

2,100 

2,400 

2,245 

3,500 

3,200 

2,000 

3,342 

2,100 

2,100 

1,600 

1,950 

2,300 

1,950 

1,700 

2,059 

2,100 

2,060 

3,000 

2,800 

2,961 

2,200 

1,650 

1,500 

1,616 

1,350 

1,300 

1,341 

1,764 

2,261 

39,775 

376,820 

46,125 

41,040 

503,760 

24,800 

16,120 

768 

41,688 

154,000 

3,728 

6,600 

7,175 

10,750 

20,800 

4,334 

207,387 

2,310 

209,697 

11,760 

1,716 

13,476 

4,140 

3,477 

1,925 

5,402 

1,450 

286 

1,736 

11,278 

779,899 

36,300 

387,000 

42,000 

43,200 

508,500 

37,450 

23,040 

1,000 

61,490 

144,900 

3,045 

4,800 

6,045 

9,890 

25,350 

3,570 

197,600 

3,780 

201,380 

20,100 

4,480 

24,580 

3,960 

2,805 

750 

3,555 

1,215 

247 

1,462 

8,977 

804,927 

1

 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 20 NASS, USDA 

Citrus Fruits: Utilized Production by Crop, State, and United States, 

2006-07, 2007-08 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 1

Utilized Production 

Boxes 

Utilized Production 

Crop and State Ton Equivalent 

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 

1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

Oranges 

 Early Mid & 

 Navel 3

 AZ 

 CA 

 FL 

 TX 

 US 

 Valencia 

 AZ 

 CA 

 FL 

 TX 

 US 

 All 

 AZ 

 CA 

 FL 

 TX 

 US 

Grapefruit 

 White 

 FL 

 Colored 

 FL 

 All 

 AZ 

 CA 

 FL 

 TX 

 US 

Tangerines and Mandarins 

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL 

 US 

Lemons 

 AZ 

 CA 

 US 

Tangelos 

 FL 

200 

34,500 

65,600 

1,600 

101,900 

100 

11,500 

63,400 

380 

75,380 

300 

46,000 

129,000 

1,980 

177,280 

9,300 

17,900 

100 

5,500 

27,200 

7,100 

39,900 

300 

3,500 

4,600 

8,400 

2,500 

18,500 

21,000 

1,250 

230 

48,500 

83,500 

1,500 

133,730 

150 

16,000 

86,700 

234 

103,084 

380 

64,500 

170,200 

1,734 

236,814 

9,000 

17,600 

100 

5,700 

26,600 

6,100 

38,500 

400 

5,700 

5,500 

11,600 

1,500 

17,000 

18,500 

1,500 

150 

32,000 

88,000 

1,300 

121,450 

100 

12,000 

78,000 

200 

90,300 

250 

44,000 

166,000 

1,500 

211,750 

7,000 

16,000 

150 

5,500 

23,000 

5,300 

33,950 

300 

6,300 

4,900 

11,500 

2,500 

19,000 

21,500 

1,500 

7 

1,294 

2,952 

68 

4,321 

4 

431 

2,853 

16 

3,304 

11 

1,725 

5,805 

84 

7,625 

395 

761 

3 

184 

1,156 

284 

1,627 

11 

131 

219 

361 

95 

703 

798 

56 

9 

1,819 

3,757 

64 

5,649 

6 

600 

3,902 

10 

4,518 

15 

2,419 

7,659 

74 

10,167 

383 

748 

3 

191 

1,131 

244 

1,569 

15 

214 

261 

490 

57 

646 

703 

68 

6 

1,200 

3,960 

55 

5,221 

4 

450 

3,510 

9 

3,973 

10 

1,650 

7,470 

64 

9,194 

298 

680 

5 

184 

978 

212 

1,379 

11 

236 

233 

480 

95 

722 

817 

68 

1

 The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year. 2

 Net lbs. per box: oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-AZ & CA-67, FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos-90; Temples-90; 

tangerines-AZ & CA-75, FL-95. 3

 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in AZ and CA. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in FL and TX. Small quantities of tangerines 

in TX. 4

 Includes tangelos and tangors. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 21 NASS, USDA 

Apples, Commercial: Total Production by State and United States, 

2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 1

Total Production State 

2006 2007 2008 

Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds 

AZ 2

CA 2

CO 2

CT 2

GA 2

ID 2

IL 2

IN 2

IA 2

KY 2

ME 2

MD 2

MA 2

MI 

MN 2

MO 2

NH 2

NJ 2

NY 

NC 

OH 2

OR 2

PA 

RI 2

SC 2

TN 2

UT 2

VT 2

VA 

WA 

WV 

WI 2

US 

30.1 

355.0 

15.0 

17.5 

13.0 

60.0 

52.5 

55.0 

6.7 

6.9 

23.5 

34.0 

32.0 

880.0 

23.0 

53.0 

28.5 

45.0 

1,260.0 

173.0 

102.0 

150.0 

470.0 

2.0 

3.0 

10.0 

10.0 

36.0 

220.0 

5,550.0 

90.0 

65.0 

9,871.7 

23.0 

345.0 

13.0 

23.0 

2.0 

35.0 

5.0 

33.0 

2.7 

0.6 

40.0 

33.0 

38.5 

770.0 

26.0 

3.0 

34.5 

42.0 

1,310.0 

60.0 

55.6 

135.0 

470.0 

2.6 

0.3 

0.1 

19.0 

38.0 

215.0 

5,200.0 

80.0 

59.0 

9,113.9 

20.0 

320.0 

15.0 

20.0 

12.0 

55.0 

52.0 

42.0 

4.7 

9.0 

37.0 

26.0 

38.0 

530.0 

23.1 

54.0 

35.5 

40.0 

1,200.0 

165.0 

95.0 

170.0 

440.0 

2.4 

8.0 

9.0 

9.0 

40.5 

230.0 

5,400.0 

85.0 

55.0 

9,242.2 

1

 In orchards of 100 or more bearing age trees. 

2

 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 22 NASS, USDA 

Pecans: Production by Variety, State, and United States, 

2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Variety Utilized Production (In-Shell Basis) 

and 

State 2006 2007 2008 

1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Improved 

 Varieties 1

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TX 

 US 

Native and 

 Seedling 

 AL 

 AR 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TX 

 US 

All Pecans 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TX 

 US 

5,400 

14,000 

1,150 

3,400 

200 

36,000 

3,500 

2,000 

160 

47,000 

420 

5,000 

900 

33,000 

152,130 

600 

1,050 

300 

6,000 

2,000 

17,500 

500 

940 

80 

12,000 

200 

14,000 

55,170 

6,000 

14,000 

2,200 

3,400 

500 

42,000 

2,000 

21,000 

2,500 

1,100 

47,000 

500 

17,000 

1,100 

47,000 

207,300 

8,700 

23,000 

1,500 

4,400 

1,700 

135,000 

3,000 

2,200 

2 

74,000 

160 

3,000 

1,500 

44,000 

302,162 

1,300 

800 

200 

15,000 

500 

11,000 

800 

3 

40 

27,000 

500 

26,000 

83,143 

10,000 

23,000 

2,300 

4,400 

1,900 

150,000 

500 

14,000 

3,000 

5 

74,000 

200 

30,000 

2,000 

70,000 

385,305 

7,000 

15,500 

550 

4,000 

1,400 

68,000 

2,500 

900 

140 

45,000 

510 

2,000 

1,800 

22,000 

171,300 

1,000 

450 

300 

2,000 

1,500 

4,500 

400 

820 

90 

11,000 

700 

10,000 

32,760 

8,000 

15,500 

1,000 

4,000 

1,700 

70,000 

1,500 

7,000 

1,300 

960 

45,000 

600 

13,000 

2,500 

32,000 

204,060 

1

 Budded, grafted, or topworked varieties. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 23 NASS, USDA 

Grapes: Total Production by Crop, State, and United States, 

2006-2007 and Forecasted October 1, 2008 

Total Production State 

2006 2007 2008 

Tons Tons Tons 

 AZ 1

 AR 1

 CA 

 All Types 

 Wine 

 Table 2

 Raisin 2

 GA 1

 MI 

 MO 1

 NY 

 NC 1

 OH 1

 OR 1

 PA 

 TX 1

 VA 1

 WA 

 All Types 

 Wine 

 Juice 

 US 

900 

2,300 

5,726,000 

3,176,000 

717,000 

1,833,000 

2,900 

32,500 

4,170 

155,000 

4,580 

3,100 

34,400 

82,000 

7,100 

6,200 

316,000 

120,000 

196,000 

6,377,150 

1,100 

500 

6,211,000 

3,287,000 

791,000 

2,133,000 

2,900 

100,100 

2,500 

180,000 

3,200 

7,600 

38,600 

84,000 

4,900 

5,600 

376,000 

127,000 

249,000 

7,018,000 

900 

2,200 

6,430,000 

3,400,000 

830,000 

2,200,000 

3,500 

71,000 

5,500 

165,000 

5,500 

8,500 

37,000 

93,000 

10,500 

8,500 

365,000 

135,000 

230,000 

7,206,100 

1

 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast. 

2

 Fresh basis. 

Papayas: Area and Fresh Production by Month, Hawaii, 2007-2008 

Area Fresh Production 1

Month Total in Crop Harvested 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

2007 2008 

Acres Acres Acres Acres 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Jul 

Aug 

1,845 

2,105 

2,040 

2,040 

1,190 

1,370 

1,330 

1,330 

2,590 

2,815 

1,995 

2,200 

1

 Utilized fresh production. 

Prunes (Dried Plums): Total Production, California, 

2006-2007 and Forecasted 2008 1

Total Production Crop 

2006 2007 2008 

Tons Tons Tons 

Prunes (Dried Basis) 198,000 83,000 120,000 

1

 Forecast was carried forward from an earlier forecast. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 24 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2007-2008 

(Domestic Units) 1

Area Planted Area Harvested Crop 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 2

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 2

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 

 Upland 

 Amer-Pima 

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 

 Dry Edible Beans 

 Dry Edible Peas 

 Lentils 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 4

4,020.0 

93,600.0 

3,760.0 

570.0 

2,761.0 

1,376.0 

7,718.0 

60,433.0 

44,987.0 

2,149.0 

13,297.0 

1,183.0 

354.0 

56.0 

1,230.0 

1.5 

180.0 

64,736.0 

2,068.0 

10,827.2 

10,535.0 

292.2 

1,268.8 

29.0 

1,526.9 

847.5 

303.0 

1,148.8 

11.5 

72.8 

53.7 

1,010.8 

100.6 

4,234.0 

85,889.0 

3,217.0 

605.0 

2,940.0 

1,260.0 

8,327.0 

63,047.0 

46,181.0 

2,731.0 

14,135.0 

1,015.0 

340.0 

67.0 

1,533.0 

0.5 

191.0 

75,878.0 

2,507.0 

9,414.0 

9,239.0 

175.0 

1,110.1 

26.5 

1,492.9 

847.0 

279.0 

1,057.8 

11.0 

69.2 

48.5 

929.1 

104.1 

3,508.0 

86,542.0 

6,071.0 

61,625.0 

21,670.0 

39,955.0 

1,505.0 

515.0 

2,748.0 

289.0 

6,805.0 

399.0 

51,011.0 

35,952.0 

2,112.0 

12,947.0 

1,163.0 

349.0 

52.8 

1,195.0 

1.0 

172.0 

64,141.0 

2,009.5 

10,489.1 

10,201.0 

288.1 

1,246.8 

879.6 

356.0 

11.0 

1,478.7 

811.3 

295.0 

6.4 

0.1 

30.9 

73.3 

1,129.7 

11.5 

70.2 

51.2 

996.8 

19.6 

97.5 

0.4 

3,767.0 

78,177.0 

60,439.0 

20,778.0 

39,661.0 

1,395.0 

2,924.0 

269.0 

7,385.0 

55,685.0 

39,614.0 

2,584.0 

13,487.0 

986.0 

333.0 

64.0 

1,494.0 

0.4 

183.0 

74,374.0 

2,385.0 

7,755.0 

7,585.0 

170.0 

1,053.1 

868.5 

356.0 

8.8 

1,424.6 

807.8 

272.0 

0.1 

39.3 

1,041.1 

11.0 

67.7 

46.2 

916.2 

100.8 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop 

year. 2

 Area planted for all purposes. 

3

 Acreage is not estimated. 

4

 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 25 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2007-2008 

(Domestic Units) 1

Yield Production Crop Units 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

 1,000 1,000 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 2

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 2

 Upland 2

 Amer-Pima 2

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 2

 Dry Edible Beans 2

 Dry Edible Peas 2

 Lentils 2

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 3

Bu 

" 

Tons 

" 

" 

" 

Bu 

" 

Cwt 

Bu 

" 

Tons 

Bu 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

Tons 

Bu 

Lbs 

" 

" 

" 

Bu 

Lbs 

Bales 

" 

" 

Tons 

" 

Lbs 

Cwt 

" 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

" 

" 

" 

Cwt 

" 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

Cwt 

Lbs 

60.4 

151.1 

17.5 

2.44 

3.35 

1.95 

60.9 

32.3 

7,185 

27.4 

74.2 

15.6 

40.5 

42.2 

33.9 

37.0 

1,250 

16.9 

603 

3,076 

1,300 

1,215 

41.7 

1,436 

879 

864 

1,419 

25.6 

34.1 

2,191 

1,155 

1,716 

1,960 

1,155 

1,170 

35,000 

1,949 

93 

396 

215 

282 

332 

409 

121 

185 

63.6 

153.9 

2.49 

3.44 

1.99 

63.5 

6,982 

29.7 

63.9 

44.9 

47.2 

32.8 

40.5 

1,514 

3,298 

39.5 

1,448 

849 

839 

1,273 

26.5 

34.4 

2,261 

1,774 

30,000 

1,942 

230 

289 

324 

211,825 

13,073,893 

106,328 

150,304 

72,575 

77,729 

91,599 

16,615 

197,456 

7,914 

504,993 

6,206 

2,066,722 

1,515,989 

71,686 

479,047 

1,453,830 

6,588.7 

5,904 

31,826 

3,675,250 

1,300 

208,995 

2,675,822 

2,886,065 

19,206.9 

18,355.1 

851.8 

31,912 

29,969 

779,899 

127 

25,371 

15,903 

3,408 

541 

7,500 

2,800 

60,253.1 

6,794 

446,807 

2,473 

19,820 

16,997 

407,517 

2,379 

18,082 

4,000 

239,498 

12,033,368 

150,500 

71,424 

79,076 

88,635 

204,141 

7,979 

471,921 

2,499,524 

1,867,903 

84,877 

546,744 

1,492,846 

4,666.0 

4,927,650 

2,938,313 

3,454,640 

13,711.0 

13,260.0 

451.0 

27,958 

29,855 

804,927 

25,268 

1,800 

76,234.4 

2,530 

19,573 

14,946 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop 

year. 2

 Yield in pounds. 

3

 Yield is not estimated. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 26 NASS, USDA 

Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 2007-2009 

(Domestic Units) 1

Production Crop Units 

2007 2008 2009 

 1,000 1,000 1,000 

Citrus 2

 Grapefruit 

 Lemons 

 Oranges 

 Tangelos (FL) 

 Tangerines and Mandarins 

Noncitrus 

 Apples 

 Apricots 

 Bananas (HI) 

 Grapes 

 Olives (CA) 

 Papayas (HI) 

 Peaches 

 Pears 

 Prunes, Dried (CA) 

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) 

Nuts & Misc. 

 Almonds (CA) (shelled) 

 Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell) 

 Pecans (in-shell) 

 Walnuts (CA) (in-shell) 

 Maple Syrup 

Tons 

" 

" 

" 

" 

1,000 Lbs 

Tons 

Lbs 

Tons 

" 

Lbs 

Tons 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

Tons 

Lbs 

Tons 

Gals 

1,627 

798 

7,625 

56 

361 

9,113.9 

88.5 

19,700.0 

7,018.0 

132.5 

33,400.0 

1,128.7 

873.0 

83.0 

12.1 

1,390,000 

37.0 

385,305 

325.0 

1,258 

1,569 

703 

10,167 

68 

490 

9,242.2 

86.8 

7,206.1 

65.0 

1,093.9 

821.8 

120.0 

18.8 

1,500,000 

34.0 

204,060 

375.0 

1,635 

1,379 

817 

9,194 

68 

480 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop 

year, except citrus which is for the 2008-09 season. 2

 Production years are 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 27 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2007-2008 

(Metric Units) 1

Area Planted Area Harvested Crop 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

Hectares Hectares Hectares Hectares 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 2

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 3

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 2

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 3

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 4

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 3

 Upland 

 Amer-Pima 

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 

 Dry Edible Beans 

 Dry Edible Peas 

 Lentils 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 4

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 3

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 5

1,626,850 

37,878,980 

1,521,630 

230,670 

1,117,350 

556,850 

3,123,400 

24,456,630 

18,205,790 

869,680 

5,381,160 

478,750 

143,260 

22,660 

497,770 

610 

72,840 

26,198,010 

836,900 

4,381,660 

4,263,410 

118,250 

513,470 

11,740 

617,920 

342,970 

122,620 

464,910 

4,650 

29,460 

21,730 

409,060 

40,710 

1,713,460 

34,758,420 

1,301,890 

244,840 

1,189,790 

509,910 

3,369,850 

25,514,490 

18,688,990 

1,105,210 

5,720,290 

410,760 

137,590 

27,110 

620,390 

200 

77,300 

30,707,070 

1,014,560 

3,809,750 

3,738,930 

70,820 

449,250 

10,720 

604,160 

342,770 

112,910 

428,080 

4,450 

28,000 

19,630 

376,000 

42,130 

1,419,650 

35,022,680 

2,456,870 

24,939,020 

8,769,630 

16,169,390 

609,060 

208,420 

1,112,090 

116,960 

2,753,920 

161,470 

20,643,640 

14,549,410 

854,710 

5,239,520 

470,650 

141,240 

21,370 

483,600 

400 

69,610 

25,957,220 

813,220 

4,244,830 

4,128,240 

116,590 

504,570 

355,970 

144,070 

4,450 

598,420 

328,320 

119,380 

2,590 

30 

12,510 

29,660 

457,180 

4,650 

28,410 

20,720 

403,390 

7,930 

39,460 

150 

1,524,470 

31,637,450 

24,459,060 

8,408,650 

16,050,410 

564,540 

1,183,310 

108,860 

2,988,640 

22,535,160 

16,031,390 

1,045,720 

5,458,050 

399,020 

134,760 

25,900 

604,610 

160 

74,060 

30,098,410 

965,190 

3,138,370 

3,069,570 

68,800 

426,180 

351,470 

144,090 

3,560 

576,520 

326,910 

110,080 

20 

15,890 

421,320 

4,450 

27,400 

18,700 

370,780 

40,790 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop 

year. 2

 Area planted for all purposes. 

3

 Total may not add due to rounding. 

4

 Acreage is not estimated. 

5

 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 28 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2007-2008 

(Metric Units) 1

Yield Production Crop 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

Metric Tons Metric Tons Metric Tons Metric Tons 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 2

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 2

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 2

 Upland 

 Amer-Pima 

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 

 Dry Edible Beans 

 Dry Edible Peas 

 Lentils 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 2

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 3

3.25 

9.48 

39.26 

5.47 

7.51 

4.36 

2.18 

1.81 

8.05 

1.72 

4.66 

34.87 

2.72 

2.84 

2.28 

2.49 

1.40 

1.06 

0.68 

3.45 

1.46 

1.36 

2.81 

1.61 

0.99 

0.97 

1.59 

57.38 

76.38 

2.46 

1.29 

1.92 

2.20 

1.29 

1.31 

39.23 

2.18 

0.10 

44.33 

24.10 

31.65 

37.21 

45.82 

0.14 

20.79 

3.42 

9.66 

5.58 

7.71 

4.47 

2.28 

7.83 

1.86 

4.01 

3.02 

3.17 

2.21 

2.73 

1.70 

3.70 

2.66 

1.62 

0.95 

0.94 

1.43 

59.51 

77.06 

2.53 

1.99 

33.63 

2.18 

25.78 

32.40 

36.26 

4,611,940 

332,092,180 

96,459,140 

136,353,500 

65,838,930 

70,514,560 

1,329,560 

376,820 

8,956,450 

201,020 

12,827,410 

5,629,990 

56,246,960 

41,258,460 

1,950,970 

13,037,520 

659,450 

5,977,170 

149,970 

14,440 

1,667,070 

590 

94,800 

72,823,940 

1,309,100 

4,181,810 

3,996,350 

185,460 

28,950,080 

27,187,420 

353,760 

5,760 

1,150,810 

721,350 

154,580 

24,540 

3,400 

1,270 

27,330 

3,080 

20,266,830 

112,170 

899,020 

770,970 

18,484,660 

1,080 

820,190 

1,810 

5,214,450 

305,661,630 

136,531,300 

64,794,760 

71,736,540 

1,286,530 

9,259,680 

202,680 

11,987,350 

68,025,900 

50,835,990 

2,309,970 

14,879,930 

677,140 

4,232,920 

2,235,140 

79,967,770 

1,567,000 

2,985,220 

2,887,020 

98,190 

25,363,070 

27,084,000 

365,110 

1,146,140 

820 

34,580 

114,760 

887,820 

677,940 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop 

year. 2

 Production may not add due to rounding. 

3

 Yield is not estimated. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 29 NASS, USDA 

Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 2007-2009 

(Metric Units) 1

Production Crop 

2007 2008 2009 

Metric tons Metric tons Metric tons 

Citrus 2

 Grapefruit 

 Lemons 

 Oranges 

 Tangelos (FL) 

 Tangerines 

Noncitrus 

 Apples 

 Apricots 

 Bananas (HI) 

 Grapes 

 Olives (CA) 

 Papayas (HI) 

 Peaches 

 Pears 

 Prunes, Dried (CA) 

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) 

Nuts & Misc. 

 Almonds (CA) (shelled) 

 Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell) 

 Pecans (in-shell) 

 Walnuts (CA) (in-shell) 

 Maple Syrup 

1,475,990 

723,930 

6,917,280 

50,800 

327,490 

4,134,000 

80,250 

8,940 

6,366,620 

120,200 

15,150 

1,023,980 

791,930 

75,300 

10,980 

630,490 

33,570 

174,770 

294,840 

6,290 

1,423,370 

637,750 

9,223,350 

61,690 

444,520 

4,192,190 

78,780 

6,537,260 

58,970 

992,320 

745,480 

108,860 

17,060 

680,390 

30,840 

92,560 

340,190 

8,170 

1,251,010 

741,170 

8,340,660 

61,690 

435,450 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop 

year, except citrus which is for the 2008-09 season. 2

 Production years are 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 30 NASS, USDA 

Corn for Grain: Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn producing States during 2008. 

Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in this table are rounded actual field counts from this survey. 

Corn for Grain: Number of Ears per Acre, 

Selected States, 2004-2008 

State Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

 Number Number Number Number Number 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

MN 

MO 

NE 

 All 

NE 

 Irrigated 

NE 

 Non-Irrigated 

OH 

SD 

WI 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

27,350 

27,400 

27,400 

27,400 

26,200 

25,950 

26,050 

26,050 

27,350 

27,550 

27,500 

27,500 

22,100 

22,150 

22,150 

22,150 

29,000 

29,250 

29,150 

29,200 

24,400 

24,250 

24,250 

24,250 

23,650 

24,000 

24,050 

24,050 

26,550 

26,700 

26,650 

26,650 

19,100 

19,800 

20,000 

20,000 

25,950 

26,000 

26,000 

26,050 

21,950 

22,700 

22,700 

22,700 

25,600 

27,150 

26,800 

26,800 

26,950 

26,850 

26,850 

26,850 

24,850 

24,600 

24,650 

24,650 

27,150 

27,100 

27,100 

27,100 

21,100 

21,000 

20,900 

20,900 

28,000 

27,900 

28,050 

28,050 

22,550 

22,600 

22,600 

22,600 

23,250 

22,800 

22,800 

22,800 

26,250 

25,900 

25,900 

25,900 

19,550 

18,950 

18,900 

18,900 

24,800 

24,700 

24,650 

24,650 

23,150 

23,100 

23,050 

23,050 

26,550 

26,350 

26,350 

26,350 

27,600 

27,450 

27,400 

27,400 

25,850 

25,750 

25,700 

25,750 

27,350 

27,350 

27,350 

27,350 

20,850 

20,750 

20,750 

20,750 

28,050 

28,250 

28,250 

28,250 

23,850 

23,800 

23,800 

23,800 

23,850 

23,700 

23,700 

23,550 

26,750 

26,600 

26,600 

26,650 

19,400 

19,150 

19,200 

18,800 

25,200 

25,350 

25,450 

25,450 

22,050 

21,900 

21,700 

21,700 

26,750 

26,850 

27,200 

27,200 

27,750 

27,750 

27,750 

27,750 

26,950 

26,800 

26,800 

26,800 

28,500 

28,400 

28,450 

28,400 

20,900 

20,800 

20,800 

20,800 

28,850 

28,600 

28,600 

28,600 

23,950 

23,950 

23,950 

23,950 

24,850 

24,750 

24,750 

24,750 

27,200 

27,000 

27,000 

27,000 

21,100 

21,050 

21,100 

21,100 

26,350 

26,000 

25,950 

25,950 

23,250 

22,700 

22,700 

22,700 

27,800 

27,700 

27,850 

27,850 

28,600 

28,500 

27,950 

27,700 

28,600 

28,600 

19,850 

20,600 

29,900 

29,350 

25,050 

25,000 

24,050 

23,950 

26,800 

27,000 

19,550 

19,500 

26,950 

27,400 

24,150 

23,900 

27,750 

28,300 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 31 NASS, USDA 

Soybeans: Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean producing States during 

2008. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts 

and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. Changes have been made to the September 

counts in order to be more consistent with other months. 

Soybeans: Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet, 

Selected States, 2004-2008 

State Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

 Number Number Number Number Number 

AR 1

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

MN 

MO 

NE 

ND 

OH 

SD 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Final 

2,446 

2,483 

2,511 

1,911 

1,923 

1,943 

1,947 

1,821 

1,866 

1,917 

1,917 

1,644 

1,731 

1,737 

1,741 

1,304 

1,588 

1,639 

1,636 

1,461 

1,406 

1,446 

1,435 

1,857 

1,943 

1,998 

2,038 

1,727 

1,836 

1,895 

1,895 

1,088 

1,148 

1,243 

1,242 

1,793 

1,873 

1,840 

1,837 

1,186 

1,332 

1,302 

1,308 

1,796 

1,823 

1,824 

1,824 

1,820 

1,858 

1,858 

1,747 

1,790 

1,899 

1,899 

1,796 

1,935 

1,968 

1,970 

1,383 

1,431 

1,547 

1,546 

1,597 

1,598 

1,640 

1,640 

1,580 

1,585 

1,679 

1,652 

1,778 

1,903 

1,920 

1,920 

1,386 

1,471 

1,496 

1,496 

1,990 

1,890 

1,974 

1,981 

1,572 

1,617 

1,605 

1,556 

1,645 

1,655 

1,667 

1,860 

1,890 

1,923 

1,923 

1,764 

1,893 

1,909 

1,909 

1,688 

1,758 

1,760 

1,760 

1,466 

1,509 

1,581 

1,581 

1,500 

1,586 

1,568 

1,568 

1,673 

1,746 

1,738 

1,735 

1,699 

1,801 

1,784 

1,766 

1,127 

1,241 

1,260 

1,260 

1,868 

1,895 

1,835 

1,866 

1,255 

1,345 

1,316 

1,312 

1,621 

1,665 

1,690 

1,800 

1,796 

1,818 

1,831 

1,667 

1,660 

1,628 

1,641 

1,787 

1,917 

1,933 

1,932 

1,605 

1,524 

1,608 

1,609 

1,558 

1,589 

1,588 

1,588 

1,566 

1,579 

1,685 

1,697 

1,876 

2,042 

2,088 

2,084 

1,323 

1,445 

1,500 

1,497 

1,892 

1,850 

1,909 

1,909 

1,476 

1,492 

1,510 

1,510 

1,569 

1,621 

1,893 

1,608 

1,577 

1,758 

1,732 

1,346 

1,487 

1,466 

1,493 

1,538 

1,473 

1,692 

1,766 

1,261 

1,261 

1,942 

1,755 

1,425 

1,465 

1

 September data not available due to plant immaturity. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 32 NASS, USDA 

Cotton: Objective Yield Data 

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 6 cotton producing States during 2008. 

Randomly selected plots in cotton fields are visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey. 

Cotton: Cumulative Boll Counts, Selected States, 2004-2008 1

State Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

 Number Number Number Number Number 

AR 

GA 

LA 

MS 

NC 

TX 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

864 

771 

753 

754 

754 

646 

690 

686 

687 

687 

635 

707 

691 

691 

691 

808 

789 

780 

780 

780 

758 

719 

732 

733 

733 

639 

672 

593 

624 

624 

811 

728 

733 

733 

733 

667 

689 

767 

767 

767 

746 

768 

775 

775 

775 

818 

729 

724 

722 

722 

799 

693 

721 

721 

721 

620 

516 

586 

585 

585 

859 

814 

849 

824 

824 

648 

675 

774 

790 

790 

760 

781 

786 

785 

785 

700 

699 

695 

695 

695 

637 

641 

671 

671 

671 

530 

477 

533 

544 

544 

790 

839 

849 

849 

849 

616 

570 

707 

708 

708 

796 

808 

841 

841 

841 

819 

745 

747 

747 

747 

527 

601 

625 

625 

625 

602 

538 

631 

632 

632 

943 

810 

587 

613 

655 

578 

909 

679 

667 

652 

633 

513 

1

 Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and 

burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 33 NASS, USDA 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 34 NASS, USDA 

September Weather Summary

Category 2 Hurricanes Gustav and Ike struck the Gulf Coast less than 2 weeks apart, causing extensive storm-surge flooding 

and resulting in rain and wind damage to a variety of crops. Both storms arrived with maximum sustained winds near 

110 m.p.h., with Gustav striking south-central Louisiana near Houma on September 1 and Ike barreling into the upper Texas 

Coast on Galveston Island on September 13. Gustav and Ike were part of a string of six consecutive named Atlantic Basin 

storms to make landfall in the United States, breaking a satellite-era record of five consecutive storms most recently attained

in 2004. The streak started with Hurricane Dolly in southern Texas on July 23 and ended with Ike. Some of the most 

dramatic changes in crop conditions due to the hurricanes were observed in Louisiana, where the percent of cotton rated very 

poor to poor rose from 21 to 69 percent (%) between August 31 and September 28. During the same 4-week period, 

Louisiana’s soybeans rated very poor to poor jumped from 21 to 41%, while rice rated very poor to poor climbed from 6 to 

28%. 

The remnants of both Gustav and Ike crossed the Midwest, contributing to record-setting wetness in the central Corn Belt 

during the first half of September. Just prior to Ike’s arrival, areas from Missouri to southern Michigan also had to contend 

with a cold front laced with moisture associated with former eastern Pacific Tropical Storm Lowell. In addition, Ike’s 

remnants helped to produce a swath of winds gusts as high as 60 to 80 m.p.h. from the Ohio Valley into the lower Great Lakes 

region, causing power outages and downing trees and corn stalks. Meanwhile, late-maturing summer crops were subjected to 

very warm, unfavorably dry conditions in much of the Ohio and upper Mississippi Valleys. Farther west, winter wheat 

planting gained momentum on the Plains, following a slow start. Rain and cool weather stalled wheat planting around midmonth from west-central Texas into eastern Kansas, but conditions improved toward month’s end in the wet areas. 

Meanwhile, pockets of unfavorable dryness persisted on the northern and central High Plains. Elsewhere, very warm, mostly 

dry weather promoted fieldwork in the West, while dry weather in much of the Southeast contrasted with wet conditions 

along the Atlantic Seaboard. Western and Southeastern drought concerns included a lack of moisture for pastures, rangeland, 

and winter grains, although fieldwork advanced in both regions with few delays. Rain along the East Coast was largely due to 

Tropical Storm Hanna, which made landfall along the North Carolina-South Carolina border on the night of September 5-6, 

and an unnamed storm system that arrived near Myrtle Beach, SC, on the night of September 25-26. 

September Agricultural Summary 

Corn reached the dough stage on 91 percent of the acreage by September 7, seven points behind last year and 5 points behind 

the 5-year average. Throughout the Corn Belt, development was up to 14 points behind normal. By September 14, 

ninety-six percent of the crop had reached the dough stage, only 2 points behind the average pace of development. In early 

September, denting reached only 62 percent of the acreage, 17 points behind the 5-year average. Major delays were evident 

in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin. Development progressed throughout the month and was 

96 percent complete by September 28, two points behind the 5-year average. All States had reached denting within 6 points 

of normal. Eleven percent of the corn crop reached maturity by the first week of September, 17 points behind the 

5-year average. As the month progressed, weekly development averaged 12 points. By September 28, fifty-two percent of 

the crop was mature, well behind the average of 79 percent. Developmental delays between 30 and 40 points were evident in 

the central Corn Belt. Harvest was slowly getting underway during the last 2 weeks of September. By September 28, nine 

percent of the crop was harvested, 12 points behind the average pace. Producers were harvesting well behind the average in 

Illinois, Kansas, and Missouri. Corn condition remained stable throughout the month and was rated 61 percent good to 

excellent on September 28. 

Sorghum heading was 96 percent complete by September 14, one point behind the 5-year average. Heading was complete or 

nearly complete in all States except New Mexico and Oklahoma. Development to the coloring stage reached 64 percent early 

in the month, 4 points behind normal. Progressing 21 points over the next 3 weeks, coloring was 85 percent complete on 

September 28, five points behind the 5-year average. Coloring progress was at or behind normal in all States except Colorado 

and New Mexico throughout the month. In early September, 34 percent of the sorghum was mature, 3 points behind average. 

Developing slowly throughout the month, half of the crop was mature by September 28, thirteen points behind the 

5-year average. Producers had harvested 28 percent of the crop by September 7, one point behind the average pace for that 

date. Only 7 percent of the crop was harvested from September 7 through the end of the month. As of September 28, 

thirty-five percent of the acreage was harvested, 5 points behind the 5-year average. Harvest was underway in all States 

except Illinois and New Mexico by month’s end. 

Producers began seeding winter wheat early in the month and by September 14, eleven percent of the crop was planted, 

5 points behind the 5-year average. By September 28, forty-two percent of the crop was planted, 3 points behind the 

5-year average. Planting was active in all States by this time, and was behind in nearly all States. Fourteen percent of the 

crop was emerged by September 28, four points behind the average pace. Development was behind normal in all major 

producing States. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 35 NASS, USDA 

Rice heading was 98 percent complete early in the month, 4 points ahead of the 5-year average. A quarter of the rice crop 

was harvested by September 14, sixteen points behind the 5-year average. Harvest was delayed in all States. Producers 

harvested 13 percent of the crop during the third week of September and 14 percent during the last week of the month. On 

September 28, fifty-two percent of the acreage had been harvested, 18 points behind the average pace. Major delays existed 

in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri. Rice condition fluctuated between 61 and 62 percent good to excellent throughout the 

month. 

As of September 7, a tenth of the soybean crop had reached the leaf-dropping stage, 11 points behind the 5-year average. 

Development in all States was at or behind the average, except Michigan, where development was 3 points ahead of the 

5-year average. Plants continued dropping leaves throughout the month while continuing to trail the usual pace. By 

September 28, sixty-eight percent of the crop was dropping leaves, 13 points behind the 5-year average. In Missouri, 

development was 36 points behind normal, the most significant lag. Harvest activity was evident on 9 percent of the acreage 

by September 28, twelve points behind the average. The most significant harvest delay was in Mississippi, where producers 

were harvesting their crop 37 points behind the 5-year average pace. Throughout the month of September, soybean condition 

was rated 57 percent good to excellent. 

Peanut harvest was underway by September 21, with 7 percent harvested. Producers were harvesting the crop 3 points ahead 

of last year’s pace, but 1 point behind the 5-year average. Harvest had begun in all States except Oklahoma and Virginia. 

Producers had harvested 14 percent of the crop by September 28, remaining 1 point behind the 5-year average. Condition of 

the peanut crop was rated 68 percent good to excellent early in the month and by late September had declined 2 points to 

66 percent good to excellent. 

Early in the month, bolls were open on 29 percent of the cotton acreage, 10 points behind the 5-year average. Development 

was most active in the Southeast. Bolls opened on eleven percent of the acreage each week until the week ending 

September 28. By this time, 63 percent of the crop had open bolls lagging the average by 9 points. While development was 

13 points ahead in Kansas, and 18 points behind in Texas, elsewhere, bolls were opening within 8 points of the 

5-year average. 

Sugarbeet harvest began mid-month, with progress reaching 5 percent by September 21, one point behind the 5-year average. 

Harvest was behind in all States except Michigan. By month’s end, 7 percent of the acreage had been harvested, 3 points 

behind the 5-year average. 

Crop Comments 

Corn: Acreage updates were made in several States based on administrative data, bringing total corn planted area to 

85.9 million acres, down 1 percent from the August forecast. Area harvested and to be harvested for grain is forecast at 

78.2 million acres, down 1 percent from the September forecast. If realized, area harvested for grain will be the second 

largest on record since 1946, behind the 86.5 million acres harvested last year. 

The October 1 corn objective yield indicated number of ears per acre is the highest on record for the combined 10 objective 

yield States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin). Record 

high ear counts are forecast in all objective yield States except Kansas and Nebraska. 

As of September 28, sixty-one percent of the corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition, unchanged from last 

month but 2 points lower than a year ago. Regionally, corn condition ratings were lower than last month across the Ohio 

Valley and eastern Corn Belt as dry conditions continued to adversely affect the late developing corn crop. Conditions also 

declined in the middle Mississippi Valley where excessive moisture and high winds from Hurricanes Gustav and Ike stressed 

the crop. Crop conditions improved slightly or remained unchanged in the northern Great Plains and upper Mississippi Valley 

as late September rains brought much needed moisture to the region. 

Corn development progress continued to lag behind normal due to the slow early season planting pace and cooler than normal 

temperatures during much of the growing season. On September 21, one-third of the corn acreage was rated mature and 

beyond compared with 76 percent last year and 63 percent for the 5-year average. States in the upper and middle Mississippi 

Valley were over 35 points behind their normal pace while States in the central and northern Great Plains were between 

24 and 33 points behind. 

Harvesting of corn gradually began progressing northward from the southern Great Plains, and was just getting underway in 

the Corn Belt and the northern half of the Great Plains by month’s end. Overall, the corn harvest was 9 percent complete on 

September 28, down 20 points from last year’s pace and 12 points behind the average. Progress was behind schedule in all 

States except Colorado, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Missouri, at 17 percent harvested, trailed their average pace by 43 points 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 36 NASS, USDA 

while Kansas and Illinois lagged their average pace by 28 points. 

Sorghum: Production is forecast at 472 million bushels, up 11 percent from September 1 but down 7 percent from last year. 

Based on administrative information, acreage updates were made in several States. Planted area was updated to 8.33 million 

acres, up 14 percent from the previous forecast and up 8 percent from 2007. Area for harvest as grain is forecast at 

7.39 million acres, up 15 percent from last month and up 9 percent from last year. Based on October 1 conditions, yield is 

forecast at 63.9 bushels per acre, down 2.2 bushels from September and down 10.3 bushels from last year. 

As of September 28, harvest had begun in all of the top 11 producing States except Illinois and New Mexico. The sorghum 

crop was 50 percent mature, 23 points behind last year and 13 points behind the normal pace. Harvest, at 35 percent 

complete, was 11 points behind last year and 5 points behind the 5-year average. Harvest was 95 percent complete in 

Louisiana and 74 percent complete in Arkansas. Colorado and Texas were the only States where harvest was ahead of 

average at 11 percent and 69 percent, respectively. Yields decreased from the September forecast in Arkansas and New 

Mexico, while Oklahoma showed a 1 bushel increase. In Kansas and Texas, the top 2 producing States, yield forecasts are 

unchanged from September. As of September 28, crop condition was rated 53 percent good to excellent, compared with 

64 percent last year. 

Rice: Production is forecast at 204 million cwt, down 1 percent from the September forecast but up 3 percent from last year. 

Area for harvest is expected to total 2.92 million acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 6 percent from 2007. As 

of October 1, the U.S. yield is forecast at 6,982 pounds per acre, down 94 pounds from the September 1 forecast and 

203 pounds below the 2007 record yield of 7,185 pounds per acre. Expected yields decreased from the previous month in 

both Arkansas and Mississippi but increased in California and Texas. Yields were unchanged in Missouri and Louisiana. 

As of September 28, fifty-two percent of the U.S. acreage was harvested, 19 percentage points behind the same time last year 

and 18 percentage points behind the five-year average. Arkansas, Mississippi, and Missouri were all running over 

25 percentage points behind their five-year average pace. Late spring planting pushed crop maturity back in these three 

States. 

Hurricanes Gustav and Ike brought heavy rains, and wind to the Lower Mississippi Valley and Texas during the first half of 

September. Gustav made landfall on September 1 in Louisiana and Ike made landfall on Galveston Island, Texas on 

September 13. Most growers in the southern part of Louisiana and costal areas of Texas were able to harvest their crop prior 

to the storm. However, damage was reported from northern Louisiana up through both Mississippi and Arkansas. Many 

growers in Louisiana and Texas will be unable to get a second crop this year due to flooding. 

Soybeans: Updates to planted acreage were made in several States based on administrative data. Planted area was updated to 

a record high 75.9 million acres, an increase of 1 percent from the August estimate and up 17 percent from 2007. Area for 

harvest is forecast at 74.4 million acres, up 1 percent from September 1 and up 16 percent from 2007. Harvested area, if 

realized, will be the second largest on record. 

The October objective yield data for the combined seven major soybean producing States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, 

Missouri, Nebraska and Ohio) indicate a lower pod count compared with last year, as late planting this spring led to slower 

than normal development. Compared with final counts for 2007, pod counts are down in all of the seven major States except 

for Illinois. The largest decrease is in Nebraska, down 318 pods per 18 square feet from 2007’s record high pod count. 

As of September 28, sixty-eight percent of the acreage was dropping leaves or beyond, 16 points behind last year’s pace and 

13 points behind the 5-year average. Progress was behind normal in all major soybean-producing States except Louisiana, 

Michigan, and North Dakota. The percent of acreage dropping leaves was more than 20 points behind the 5-year average in 

Arkansas, Illinois, Mississippi, and Missouri. As of September 28, fifty-seven percent of the U.S. soybean crop was rated in 

good to excellent condition, unchanged from the same week in 2007 and unchanged from the previous week. With the 

exception of Illinois, Kansas, and Nebraska, crop conditions declined or remained unchanged during September across the 

Corn Belt and Great Plains. The biggest decline in percent rated good to excellent occurred in Louisiana, down 20 points 

from last month due to the excessive wind and rain from Hurricane Gustav at the beginning of September. Meanwhile, the 

only States that showed increases in condition ratings during the month were Arkansas, Kansas, Illinois, Nebraska, North 

Carolina, and Tennessee. As of September 28, soybean harvest was progressing behind normal with 9 percent harvested, 

compared with the 5-year average of 21 percent. Harvest progress was behind normal in all major soybean-producing States 

except Ohio, which was 1 point ahead of normal. If realized, the yield forecast in Arkansas will match the record high set in 

2004. 

Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2008 is 3.45 billion pounds, up 20 percent from 2007 and up 61 percent from 

2006. Area planted, at 2.51 million acres, is up 16 percent from the June estimate and up 21 percent from last year. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 37 NASS, USDA 

Sunflower growers expect to harvest 2.39 million acres, up 16 percent from June and up 19 percent from the 2007 acreage. 

The October yield forecast, at 1,448 pounds per acre, is 12 pounds higher than last year. 

As of October 1, higher yields are expected in four of the seven major sunflower-producing States, with only Colorado, 

Kansas, and Texas farmers expecting lower yields compared with last year. In North Dakota, the largest sunflower-producing 

State, the yield is forecast at 1,445 pounds per acre, up 31 pounds from the 2007 yield. As of September 28, sixty percent of 

the sunflower crop in North Dakota was rated good to excellent, compared with 80 percent at the same time last year. 

Rainfall and below normal temperatures during June across the northern Great Plains slowed progress early and development 

of the sunflower crop has generally lagged behind normal throughout the season. As of the end of September, harvest had not 

started in the Dakotas, behind last year and normal. 

Peanuts: Production is forecast at 4.93 billion pounds, up 3 percent from last month and up 34 percent from last year. Area 

for harvest is expected to total 1.49 million acres, unchanged from September but up 25 percent from 2007. Yields are 

expected to average 3,298 pounds per acre, up 110 pounds from last month and up 222 pounds from 2007. If realized, this 

will be a record high yield for the U.S. 

Production in the Southeast States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina) is expected to total 

3.58 billion pounds, up 4 percent from September and up 39 percent from last year. Expected area for harvest, at 1.10 million 

acres, is unchanged from September but up 26 percent from 2007. Yields in the region are expected to average 3,260 pounds 

per acre, up 124 pounds from last month and 298 pounds above last year. Yields are forecast higher than last year in all 

Southeast States, and record yields are forecast in Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and South Carolina. As of September 28, 

harvest in most of the Southeast States was on pace with the five-year average. 

Virginia-North Carolina production is forecast at 378 million pounds, up 8 percent from the September 1 forecast and up 

21 percent from 2007. Expected area for harvest, at 121,000 acres, is unchanged from the previous forecast but up 9 percent 

from last year. Yield is forecast at 3,124 pounds per acre, up 224 pounds from the September forecast and up 300 pounds 

from 2007. Harvest was underway in both States as of September 28. 

Southwest peanut production (New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) is expected to total 973 million pounds, up slightly from 

last month and up 24 percent from 2007. Expected acreage for harvest, at 276,000, is unchanged from last month but up 

29 percent from last year. Yields are expected to average 3,526 pounds per acre for the region, up 6 pounds from the 

September forecast but down 141 pounds from the previous year. 

Canola: The first production forecast for 2008 is 1.49 billion pounds, up 3 percent from 2007. Area planted, at 1.02 million 

acres, is up less than 1 percent from the June estimate but down 14 percent from last year. Canola farmers expect to harvest 

986 thousand acres, up less than 1 percent from June but down 15 percent from 2007. The October yield forecast, at 

1,514 pounds per acre, is 264 pounds above last year’s yield. 

The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,520 pounds per acre, up 280 pounds from last 

year. Crop development in North Dakota progressed behind last year and the 5-year average pace due to mostly below 

normal temperatures during the growing season. Harvest progress lagged behind the normal pace during August and most of 

September but was essentially complete by the end of September. 

Cotton: Upland cotton harvested area, at 7.59 million acres, is down 1 percent from last month and down 26 percent from 

last year. American-Pima harvested acres are unchanged from last month but down 41 percent from last year. 

In the Southeastern States, Tropical Storm Hannah made landfall during the first week of September bringing much needed 

precipitation to the Carolinas and Virginia. By mid-September, dry conditions and cooler temperature allowed producers to 

begin defoliation of the crop. By the end of the month, harvest had begun throughout the region, behind last year and normal. 

The crop was rated in mostly fair to good condition. Objective yield measurements in Georgia and North Carolina show the 

boll counts to be slightly below the 5-year average. 

Hurricane Gustav made landfall in Louisiana on September 1 bringing excessive amounts of rain to the South Delta region. 

Following the hurricane, cool, damp weather moved into the region. By the second week of September, Hurricane Ike made 

landfall in South Texas and brought rain to the North Delta region. By the middle of the month, warmer temperatures moved 

into the region allowing producers to resume defoliation of the crop. Harvest was underway by the end of the month, behind 

both last year and the 5-year average. Due to the effects of Hurricane Gustav, Louisiana producers abandoned an additional 

25,000 acres since last month’s forecast. The crop was rated in mostly good to excellent condition in Missouri and 

Tennessee. In Louisiana, the crop was rated in mostly poor to very poor condition and objective yield counts showed the 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 38 NASS, USDA 

lowest bolls per acre and the lowest boll weights in the last 5 years. In Mississippi, bolls per acre are the lowest in the last 

five years and boll weights are the second lightest. 

In South Texas, harvest neared completion by the first of September. Hurricane Ike made landfall during the second week of 

September bringing high winds and rain throughout Texas. In the Panhandle of Texas, crop development was delayed due to 

cooler than normal temperatures. Texas producers abandoned an additional 50,000 acres since last month’s forecast. The crop 

was rated in mostly fair to good condition. Objective yield measurements in Texas showed the boll weights and bolls per acre 

to be second heaviest and second largest, respectively, in the last 5 years. In Oklahoma and Kansas, the crop was rated in 

mostly fair to good condition. Producers are concerned with the lack of heat units needed to advance the crop. 

In Arizona, harvest of the crop was underway by the first of the month, slightly ahead of normal. By the end of the month, 

cooler temperatures in California allowed for defoliation to begin. California and Arizona upland cotton is rated in mostly 

good to excellent condition. 

American-Pima production is forecast at 451,000 bales, down 2 percent from September and down 47 percent from last year. 

The U.S. yield forecast is 1,273 pounds per acre, down 23 pounds from last month and down 146 pounds from last year. The 

crop was progressing normally throughout Arizona and California and harvest was beginning by late September. 

Ginnings totaled 817,200 running bales prior to October 1, compared with 1,566,300 running bales ginned prior to the same 

date last year and 2,572,150 running bales in 2006. 

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures: Production of dry hay is forecast at 71.4 million tons, up 1 percent from the August forecast 

but down 2 percent from last year. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 3.44 tons per acre, up 

0.03 ton from August and up 0.09 ton from 2007. Harvested area is forecast at 20.8 million acres, unchanged from August 

but down 4 percent from the previous year’s acreage. 

Yields increased from the August forecast in Kansas, Oklahoma and the Dakotas due to late rains which helped the final 

cuttings in these areas. Yields were unchanged or lower in the Corn Belt States. Yield forecasts were also down in 

Washington and Oregon. 

Other Hay: Production is forecast at 79.1 million tons, up 3 percent from the August forecast and up 2 percent from 2007. 

Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 1.99 tons per acre, up 0.05 ton from the August forecast and up 

0.04 ton from last year. Harvested area, at 39.7 million acres, is unchanged from August but down 1 percent from the 

previous year. 

Compared with the previous forecast, growers in the southern Great Plains, Gulf Coast, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, 

North Carolina, New York, and Washington are expecting higher yields. Yields are forecast to remain unchanged or decline 

from August in most of the Corn Belt, the Ohio Valley, and Tennessee Valley. Kentucky and Michigan showed the largest 

decrease in yield from the previous forecast, down 0.3 tons. 

Dry Beans: U.S. dry edible bean production is forecast at 25.3 million cwt for 2008, up 5 percent from the August forecast 

but down slightly from 2007. Planted area is forecast at 1.49 million acres, up 6 percent from the August forecast but down 

2 percent from 2007. Harvested area is forecast at 1.42 million acres, 5 percent above the August forecast but 4 percent below

the previous year’s harvested acreage. The average U.S. yield is forecast at 1,774 pounds per acre, a decrease of 12 pounds 

from August’s forecast but 58 pounds above the 2007 yield. If realized, this will be the highest yield on record for the U.S. 

Production is expected to be lower from 2007 in 10 of the 18 producing States, primarily due to reduced acreage. If realized, 

Nebraska and New York will have their highest dry bean yields on record, at 2,350 and 1,900 pounds per acre, respectively. 

In North Dakota, as of September 28, the dry bean crop was rated 59 percent good to excellent. This was lower than the 

rating for the August 1 forecast and the previous year. The crop was only 34 percent harvested as of September 28, which 

was behind both last year and the 5-year average. Michigan harvest progress at the end of September was behind normal due 

to continued rains. The harvest was only 31 percent complete at the end of September compared to 71 percent from the same 

time last year and a 5-year average of 67 percent. However, in Minnesota, the crop was 69 percent harvested as of 

September 28 and 64 percent of the dry beans were rated good to excellent and 33 percent rated fair. 

Winter Potatoes: California’s winter potato production for 2008 is revised to 2.53 million cwt, down 4 percent from the 

April estimate but 2 percent above 2007. Planted and harvested area in California remains unchanged from April, each at 

11,000 acres, down 4 percent from 2007. Average yield is 230 cwt per acre, 10 cwt below the April estimate but 15 cwt 

above last year. Growers reported that crop quality was good with few reports of disease or pests. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 39 NASS, USDA 

Tobacco: U.S. all tobacco production for 2008 is forecast at 805 million pounds, 1 percent below the September forecast but 

up 3 percent from 2007. Area harvested is forecast at 356,040 acres, virtually unchanged from last month and a year ago. 

Yields for 2008 are expected to average 2,261 pounds per acre, down 28 pounds from the previous forecast but 70 pounds 

greater than 2007. 

Flue-cured tobacco production is expected to total 509 million pounds, 2 percent below the previous forecast but 1 percent 

above last year. Growers plan to harvest 226,500 acres in 2008, unchanged from the September 1 forecast but up 2 percent 

from a year ago. Yields are forecast to average 2,245 pounds per acre, 50 pounds below the last forecast and down 14 pounds 

from 2007. Yields in North Carolina, the leading flue-cured tobacco state, are expected to average 2,250 pounds per acre, 

down 50 pounds from the September forecast. Yields in Georgia and South Carolina decreased from last month 100 pounds 

and 150 pounds, respectively. Rain throughout September in the Carolinas delayed harvest and caused leaf quality to 

decrease. Wet conditions also increased instances of disease. 

Burley production is expected to total 198 million pounds, virtually unchanged from the September forecast but 5 percent 

below last year. Growers plan to harvest 95,950 acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 10 percent from 2007. 

If realized, this will be the lowest acreage on record. The previous low of 100,150 acres was in 2005, the first year after the 

tobacco buyout eliminated quotas. Yields are expected to average 2,059 pounds per acre, 9 pounds above last month and 

108 pounds above a year ago. Average yields in Pennsylvania and Tennessee increased 50 pounds each from a month ago 

while burley yields in other States remained the same. 

Fire-cured tobacco production is expected to total 61.5 million pounds, unchanged from last month’s forecast but 48 percent 

above 2007. Growers plan to harvest 18,400 acres, unchanged from the September 1 forecast but up 26 percent from a year 

ago. The yield is expected to average 3,342 pounds per acre, the same as last month but up 487 pounds from last year. 

Southern Maryland Belt tobacco production in Pennsylvania is expected to total 3.78 million pounds, up 11 percent from the 

September forecast and 64 percent above 2007. A total of 1,800 acres is expected to be harvested, unchanged from last month 

but up 64 percent from a year ago. Average yields, at 2,100 pounds per acre, are expected to increase 200 pounds from the 

previous forecast but remain the same as last year. 

Dark air-cured tobacco is expected to total 24.6 million pounds, up 1 percent from last month and 82 percent above 2007. 

Growers plan to harvest 8,300 acres, unchanged from the September forecast but 67 percent above last year. Yields are 

expected to average 2,961 pounds per acre, up 19 pounds from the previous forecast and 255 percent above a year ago. Many 

growers in Kentucky and Tennessee have shifted their acreage from burley to the dark tobacco types in expectation of higher 

prices. 

All Cigar type production is expected to total 8.98 million pounds, down 1 percent from last month’s forecast and 20 percent 

below last year. Growers of cigar type tobacco plan to harvest 5,090 acres, unchanged from the previous forecast but down 

15 percent from 2007. Overall yield is expected to average 1,764 pounds per acre, down 17 pounds from September 1 and 

109 pounds below a year ago. 

Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets in 2008 is forecast at 28.0 million tons, 7 percent above the September forecast but 

12 percent below 2007’s production of 31.9 million tons. Growers expect to harvest 1.05 million acres, 4,600 acres below the 

September forecast and the lowest acreage since 1982. The yield is forecast at 26.5 tons per acre, up 1.8 tons from September 

and up 0.9 ton from the previous year. If realized, this will be the highest yield on record. Yields were at or above last year’s 

level in all States except in the Pacific Northwest. As of September 28, harvest was 7 percent complete in the four major 

producing States, 3 points behind normal. 

Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2008 is forecast at 29.9 million tons, down slightly from the 

September forecast and from 2007. Sugarcane growers intend to harvest 868,500 acres for sugar and seed during the 

2008 crop year, unchanged from September but up 11,100 acres from last year. Yield is forecast at 34.4 tons per acre, down 

0.2 ton from the September forecast but up 0.3 ton from 2007. 

Harvested acreage in Florida is up 7,000 acres from last year, while yield is up 2.9 tons, resulting in a production forecast 

10 percent above last year. Acres harvested for sugar and seed in Louisiana followed the opposite trend, down 15,000 from 

2007. Yield is down 3.4 tons from last year and production is down 14 percent from 2007. Yields are forecast above last year 

in all States except Louisiana, where excessive rains and winds from Hurricane Gustav negatively affected the crop. 

Grapefruit: The initial forecast of the 2008-09 U.S. grapefruit crop is 1.38 million tons, 12 percent lower than 2007-08 and 

down 15 percent from the 2006-07 final utilization. Florida's grapefruit production is forecast at 23.0 million boxes 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 40 NASS, USDA 

(978 million tons), 14 percent below last season and down 15 percent from 2006-07. The white grapefruit forecast is 

7.00 million boxes (298,000 tons), down 22 percent from 2007-08 and 25 percent lower than the 2006-07 final utilization. 

The colored grapefruit forecast, at 16.0 million boxes (680,000 tons), is 9 percent lower than last season and down 11 percent 

from the 2006-07 utilization. If realized, this will be the lowest Florida grapefruit crop since the 1944-45 season, other than 

the hurricane-reduced 2004-05 and 2005-06 crops. Tree numbers of both white and colored varieties have been declining 

over the past decade. Excluding the recent hurricane-affected seasons, average fruit per tree of white grapefruit is close to the 

40-year minimum of the 2002-03 season. Average fruit per tree of colored grapefruit is below seven of the last eight seasons. 

The October 1 Texas grapefruit forecast is 5.30 million boxes (212,000 tons), down 13 percent from last season and 

25 percent lower than the 2006-07 crop. The California grapefruit forecast of 5.50 million boxes (184,000 tons) is 4 percent 

lower than the 2007-08 season and unchanged from 2006-07. Grapefruit for the 2008-09 season continued to develop 

normally in California as harvest of the previous crop wound down. Arizona’s forecast, at 150,000 boxes (5,000 tons), is up 

50 percent from each of the last two seasons. 

Lemons: The initial forecast for the 2008-09 U.S. lemon crop is 817,000 tons, up 16 percent from 2007-08 and 2 percent 

higher than the 2006-07 crop. California’s production is forecast at 19.0 million boxes (722,000 tons), up 12 percent from last 

season and 3 percent higher than 2006-07. Harvest continued in the coastal areas and began in the desert region. The desert 

crop has recovered from the devastating freeze of 2007, and a larger crop is expected this season. The production forecast for 

Arizona is 2.50 million boxes (95,000 tons), up 67 percent from the previous crop year but unchanged from 2006-07. Harvest 

was put on hold for a few weeks due to inadequately sized fruit. Fruit size increased, and harvesting activities began by the 

end of September. 

Tangelos: The October 1 Florida tangelo forecast of 1.50 million boxes (68,000 tons) is equal to last season’s final 

production but is up 20 percent from 2006-07. Bearing trees have been declining for over a decade and are down 8 percent 

from last season. Fruit per tree is down 4 percent from 2007-08, but fruit size is close to average. 

Tangerines and Mandarins: The initial 2008-09 U.S. tangerine and mandarin forecast is 480,000 tons, down 2 percent from 

the 2007-08 season but up 33 percent from the 2006-07 final utilization. California’s tangerine and mandarin forecast is a 

record-high 6.30 million boxes (236,000 tons), up 11 percent from last season and 80 percent above the 2006-07 freezedamaged crop. Bearing acreage continued to increase. An above average yield was expected due to additional crop recovery 

from the 2007 freeze. Florida's tangerine crop is forecast at 4.90 million boxes (233,000 tons), down 11 percent from 2007-08 

but 7 percent higher than the 2006-07 crop. Fruit per tree is well above average for Fallglo and Sunburst varieties. However,

the Honey tangerine crop has the lowest fruit per tree since the fruit count survey for the Honey variety began during the 

1980-81 season. Arizona’s forecast, at 300,000 boxes (11,000 tons), is 25 percent lower than last season and unchanged from 

2006-07. 

Florida Citrus: Daily high temperatures during September were, on average, in the upper 80s to lower 90s, and all citrus 

areas received less than average rainfall. Some groves on the East Coast remained wet from the heavy rain that fell during the

preceding few weeks. Many of those growers continued pumping water out of canals and ditches. Isolated groves were 

exhibiting the yellowing of leaves and additional small percentages of fruit drop. Growers and caretakers in other areas 

across the citrus belt quickly returned to irrigation and general maintenance programs. Other field work included mowing, 

fertilizing, applying herbicides, removing trees, and preparing for harvest. Field crews were actively scouting for greening 

and spraying for psyllid population control or pushing affected trees. Overall, well cared for trees looked good, with heavy 

foliage and healthy fruit. Over a dozen packinghouses opened during the month and began running fruit. Varieties going to 

the fresh market included Ambersweet and navel oranges, Fallglo tangerines, and grapefruit. Only one processing plant 

opened during the month. 

Texas Citrus: Many citrus groves suffered damage from Hurricane Dolly, which made landfall in southern Texas in July. 

Affected operations experienced an estimated 20 percent crop loss, but in September remaining fruit was reported to be of 

very good quality and size overall. 

Arizona Citrus: Lemon harvest was put on hold for a few weeks due to inadequately sized fruit. By the end of the month, 

fruit size had increased, allowing harvesting activities to begin. Overall, citrus groves and fruit quality were reported to be in 

good condition. 

California Citrus: Lemon harvest got underway during September in the desert regions, and continued in the coastal areas. 

Valencia orange harvest remained slow with the bulk of fruit picked for domestic markets. Navel orange fruit size continued 

to develop. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 41 NASS, USDA 

California Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts: Table, wine, and raisin type grape harvest continued during September. In Fresno 

County, raisin grape harvest was 100 percent complete, with 30 percent on open trays, 27 percent rolled, and 43 percent 

boxed. Zante currants continued to be rolled. The harvest of early pomegranate varieties was on the rise; later varieties 

continued to size and mature. Varieties of peaches, plums, pluots, and nectarines continued to be picked and packed. Gala, 

Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, McIntosh, and Red Delicious apples were harvested, as well as Brown Turkey and Mission 

figs, Asian pears, and Jujubes. Fall strawberry harvest continued in Oxnard and began in parts of Tulare County during 

September. Some strawberry blocks were being replanted. Olive harvest began, and many growers reported a lighter than 

normal crop. Some groves with low yields were expected to be left unharvested. Pistachio picking began and quickly gained 

speed as the month progressed. Harvesting of almonds continued, and walnut harvest began. Yields looked low in some 

walnut groves, but the overall crop looked good. Some groves continued to be irrigated. 

Apples: The final 2008 U.S. apple production forecast is set at 9.24 billion pounds, up slightly from August and up 1 percent 

from 2007. Increases in production from August 2008 were shown in New York and Pennsylvania, while production 

decreased in Michigan and West Virginia. Production forecasts in North Carolina, Virginia, and Washington were unchanged 

from the August forecast. All other State forecasts were carried forward from August. 

Production in the Western States (AZ, CA, CO, ID, OR, UT, and WA) is forecast at 5.99 billion pounds, unchanged from 

August and up 4 percent from 2007. Washington production, which makes up 58 percent of the U.S. total, is forecast at 

5.40 billion pounds, unchanged from the previous forecast and up 4 percent from 2007. While severe spring frosts delayed 

crop development by two weeks, excellent growing season weather has increased hopes for a solid crop. The frosts may still 

affect the late-maturing varieties. Apple size is smaller than last year but last year’s apples were reported as larger than 

normal. Fruit quality is good and labor supply has not negatively affected the harvest. 

Production in the Eastern States (CT, GA, ME, MD, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, PA, RI, SC, VT, VA, and WV) is forecast at 

2.38 billion pounds, up 4 percent from August but down slightly from 2007. The apple forecast in New York, at 1.20 billion 

pounds, is 4 percent higher than the August forecast but 8 percent lower than the 2007 estimate. Growers increased their 

expectations for this year’s crop quantity. However, summer hail damage will divert much of the crop to processing. 

Pennsylvania’s forecast, at 440 million pounds, is 10 percent higher than August but 6 percent lower than 2007. The harvest 

was 47 complete, and optimism about the production level has increased despite the spring weather damage. Summer hail 

storms reduced crop quality and increased the incidence of scabbing. Virginia’s forecast of 230 million pounds is unchanged 

from August and up 7 percent from the 2007 estimate. Adequate summer rainfall maintained expectations for higher 

production. However, September rain and cold weather damage mitigated the rise in production. The apple forecast in North 

Carolina of 165 million pounds is unchanged from August but represents an increase of 175 percent from the freeze-affected 

crop of 2007. The apple crop was not severely affected by low precipitation levels, with 70 percent of the crop quality rated 

as good to excellent. The West Virginia forecast is set at 85 million pounds, down 3 percent from August but up 6 percent 

from 2007. Crop production progressed normally with no significant reports of damage. 

The production forecast for the Central States (IL, IN, IA, KY, MI, MN, MO, OH, TN, and WI) is set at 874 million pounds, a 

decrease of 1 percent from August and 9 percent from 2007. Michigan’s production forecast is 530 million pounds, down 

2 percent from August and 31 percent below 2007. Apple harvest is progressing at a normal pace, however, summer hail 

damage will cause more apples to be sold for processing. 

Pecans: The October 1, 2008 forecast of pecan production is 204 million pounds (in-shell basis), down 47 percent from last 

year’s crop and 2 percent below 2006. Improved varieties are expected to produce 171 million pounds or 84 percent of the 

total, while native and seedling varieties, at 32.8 million pounds, make up the remaining 16 percent. The 2008 crop is 

expected to be smaller than last year’s in most producing States mainly because it is an off year in the alternate bearing 

pattern typical of pecans. However, production is forecast higher than last year in Kansas and Missouri because trees have 

recovered from the severe Easter 2007 freeze, while North Carolina and South Carolina weather conditions have been much 

more favorable than last season. 

Georgia’s forecast, at 70 million pounds, is down 53 percent from last season’s large crop, but up 66 percent from 2006. 

Pecan trees in Georgia escaped a spring freeze but were hurt by the drought and Hurricane Fay. The hurricane’s high winds 

caused limb damage and excessive rain negatively impacted some south Georgia growers. Disease and insect problems have 

been minimal this year. New Mexico’s production forecast, at 45.0 million pounds, is 39 percent less than last year and is 

down 4 percent from 2 years ago. Pecan conditions for the week ending September 28, 2008 were 27 percent fair, 37 percent 

good, and 36 percent excellent. The Texas forecast is 32.0 million pounds, 54 percent less than the 2007 crop and 32 percent 

less than 2005. After Hurricane Ike blew a lot of pecans off of the trees, crop prospects were reduced further from the light 

crop expected from the alternate bearing pattern. 

Production in Arizona is forecast at 15.5 million pounds, down 33 percent from last year, but 11 percent above the 2006 crop. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 42 NASS, USDA 

Smaller growers reported wind damage and lack of water. Oklahoma production, at 13.0 million pounds, is down 57 percent 

from 2007 and 24 percent below 2 years ago. Ice storms and late freezes damaged trees. Pest and disease problems were 

reported above normal. Alabama’s production is forecast at 8.00 million pounds, down 20 percent from 2007, but 33 percent 

above 2005. Growing conditions have been generally good and the State has escaped hurricane damage this season. The 

Louisiana forecast of 7.00 million pounds is down 50 percent from last year and 67 percent from 2006 mainly due to damage 

caused by Hurricanes Gustav and Ike. 

Grapes: U.S. grape production is forecast at 7.21 million tons, virtually unchanged from August 1 but up 3 percent from 

2007. California leads the U.S. in grape production with 89 percent of the total. Washington and New York are the next 

largest producing States, with 5 percent and 2 percent, respectively. California=s all grape forecast, at 6.43 million tons, is up 

slightly from the August forecast and 4 percent above 2007. Washington growers expect to harvest 365,000 tons, down 

3 percent from last month and a year ago. New York=s forecast, at 165,000 tons, is unchanged from the previous forecast but 

8 percent below last year. 

California=s wine type grape production is expected to total 3.40 million tons, 53 percent of California=s total grape crop. The 

production forecast for wine type varieties is unchanged from the August forecast but up 3 percent from a year ago. Overall, 

bunch counts are down slightly from 2007 but quality is reported to be very good. California=s raisin type grape production is 

forecast at 2.20 million tons, 34 percent of California=s total grape crop. Production of raisin varieties is unchanged from last 

month but up 3 percent from 2007. Although a slightly above average sized raisin crop is expected, the quality is down from 

a year ago. California=s table type grape production is forecast at 830,000 tons, 13 percent of California=s total grape crop. 

Production of table varieties is up 4 percent from the August 1 forecast and 5 percent above last year. Late table type varieties 

continued to be harvested for fresh use in September. Fruit quality is excellent, although berry size is not as large as in some 

seasons. 

Washington=s production is forecast at 365,000 tons, down 3 percent from last month and a year ago. Wine grape production 

is forecast at 135,000 tons, unchanged from the August forecast but 6 percent above 2007. If realized, this will be 

Washington’s largest wine grape crop on record, surpassing last year=s record crop. The increase in production is mostly due 

to more acreage coming into full production. The juice type grape forecast, at 230,000 tons, is down 4 percent from the 

previous forecast and 8 percent below the 2007 crop. Pollination problems were reported due to the cold, windy weather in 

the spring as well as damage from April frosts. 

Grape production for New York is forecast at 165,000 tons, unchanged from the previous forecast but 8 percent below last 

year. In Erie County, the Chautauqua Region and the Finger Lakes Region encountered frost and hail this growing season. 

Many growers in Erie County reported a reduced crop while some are reporting a total loss. The majority of Long Island 

growers escaped much of the adverse weather and are expecting an above average crop. 

Michigan=s grape production is forecast at 71,000 tons, down 9 percent from August 1 and 29 percent below last year. 

Growers experienced multiple freezes in the spring and the amount of damage sustained varied across the State. Excessive 

rains in September also damaged grapes and caused them to drop off the vines. 

Pennsylvania=s grape production is forecast at 93,000 tons, 2 percent below the August forecast but up 11 percent from 2007. 

Growers are expecting a record crop this year. The previous record of 90,000 tons was in 2005. Overall, bunch counts and 

berry size are above average and quality is good. Mildew has affected some of the crop due to excessive rainfall. 

Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 2.20 million pounds for August 2008, up 10 percent from July but 

22 percent lower than a year ago. Total crop acreage for August is estimated at 2,040 acres, unchanged from July but down 

3 percent from August 2007. Harvested area totaled 1,330 acres, unchanged from the previous month but 3 percent lower 

than August 2007. Low soil moisture levels were replenished by rainfall the first half of the month; however, conditions 

remained generally dry, and some areas of the State continued to take water conservation measures. In fields exposed to 

prolonged dry weather, gaps in the fruit columns became more evident. Warm temperatures allowed fruit ripening to 

continue at a steady pace. Field maintenance and planting preparations were ongoing, but the shortage of seed remained a 

concern for growers. 

Prunes (Dried Plums): California’s 2008 prune production forecast is 120,000 dried tons, up 45 percent from last year’s 

below normal crop of 83,000 tons but 39 percent below the 2006 crop. This forecast is carried forward from the June 

forecast. The 2008 prune crop was hit by a mid-April frost, with some growers reportedly losing 25 to 100 percent of their 

crop. While the frost was widespread across the State, the low lying orchards received the heaviest damage. The overall crop 

is still expected to be above 2007 but below previous high production levels. Prune demand is up, and the harvest and 

delivery is scheduled to be completed on time.
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 43 NASS, USDA 

Corn for Grain: Changes to Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, 

and Production from Original Report Published October 10, 2008, 

by State and United States, Reference Date October 1, 2008 

State 

Planted 

(All Purposes) 

Change 

Harvested 

Change 

Yield 

Change 

Production 

Change 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AL 

AR 

CA 

CO 

DE 

GA 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

MD 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

NE 

NJ 

NM 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

PA 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

VA 

WA 

WI 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-200 

-100 

-300 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-50 

-100 

- 

- 

-100 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-50 

-100 

- 

-20 

- 

-50 

- 

50 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-1,020 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-200 

-100 

-300 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-50 

-100 

- 

- 

-100 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-50 

-100 

- 

-20 

- 

-50 

- 

50 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-1,020 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-0.1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-35,400 

-16,000 

-51,600 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-7,000 

-16,700 

- 

- 

-16,100 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-6,350 

-14,700 

- 

-2,440 

- 

-6,600 

- 

6,350 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-166,540 

1

 Other States include AZ, FL, ID, MT, OR, UT, WV, and WY. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2008 

Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 44 NASS, USDA 

Soybeans for Beans: Changes to Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, 

and Production from Original Report Published October 10, 2008, 

by State and United States, Reference Date October 1, 2008 

State Planted 

Change 

Harvested 

Change 

Yield 

Change 

Production 

Change 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AL 

AR 

DE 

GA 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

MD 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

NE 

NJ 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

PA 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

VA 

WI 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-100 

-100 

-200 

- 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

-200 

10 

-50 

-100 

- 

-5 

- 

-150 

-100 

- 

-10 

- 

-50 

- 

- 

- 

-40 

- 

-1,105 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-100 

-100 

-200 

- 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

-200 

10 

-50 

-100 

- 

-5 

- 

-150 

-100 

- 

-10 

- 

-50 

- 

- 

- 

-40 

- 

-1,105 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-4,500 

-4,200 

-9,200 

- 

-340 

- 

- 

- 

-8,000 

380 

-1,850 

-4,700 

- 

-220 

- 

-4,650 

-3,800 

- 

-390 

- 

-1,800 

- 

- 

- 

-1,440 

- 

-44,710 

1

 Other States include FL and WV. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 2008 Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 45 NASS, USDA 

Sorghum for Grain: Changes to Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, 

and Production from Original Report Published October 10, 2008, 

by State and United States, Reference Date October 1, 2008 

State 

Planted 

(All Purposes) 

Change 

Harvested 

Change 

Yield 

Change 

Production 

Change 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AR 

CO 

IL 

KS 

LA 

MO 

NE 

NM 

OK 

SD 

TX 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

200 

9 

199 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

150 

9 

149 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

0.9 

-0.2 

-900 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

7,800 

835 

7,735 

1

 Other States include AL, AZ, CA, GA, KY, MS, NC, PA, SC, and TN. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Crop Production 

2008 Summary." 

Canola: Changes to Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, 

and Production from Original Report Published October 10, 2008, 

by State and United States, Reference Date October 1, 2008 

State Planted 

Change 

Harvested 

Change 

Yield 

Change 

Production 

Change 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

MN 

MT 

ND 

Oth Sts 1

US 

- 

- 

-20 

- 

-20 

- 

- 

-20 

- 

-20 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-30,400 

- 

-30,400 

1

 Other States include CO, ID, KS, MI, OK, OR, and WA. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 46 NASS, USDA 

Sunflower: Changes to Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, 

and Production from Original Report Published October 10, 2008, 

by State and United States, Reference Date October 1, 2008 

State Planted 

Change 

Harvested 

Change 

Yield 

Change 

Production 

Change 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Oil 

 CO 

 KS 

 MN 

 NE 

 ND 

 SD 

 TX 

 Oth 

 Sts 1

 US 

Non-Oil 

 CO 

 KS 

 MN 

 NE 

 ND 

 SD 

 TX 

 Oth 

 Sts 1

 US 

All 

 CO 

 KS 

 MN 

 NE 

 ND 

 SD 

 TX 

 Oth 

 Sts 1

 US 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-20 

- 

2 

3 

-15 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-5 

- 

- 

- 

-5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-25 

- 

2 

3 

-20 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-20 

- 

2 

3 

-15 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-5 

- 

- 

- 

-5 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-25 

- 

2 

3 

-20 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

- 

- 

- 

- 

1 

- 

1 

-6 

-1 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-36,050 

- 

2,200 

3,750 

-30,100 

 * 2008 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the "Crop Production 2008 Summary." 1

 Other States include CA, IL, MI, MO, MT, OK, WI, and WY. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 47 NASS, USDA 

Dry Edible Beans: Changes to Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, 

and Production from Original Report Published October 10, 2008, 

by State and United States, Reference Date October 1, 2008 

State Planted 

Change 

Harvested 

Change 

Yield 

Change 1

Production 

Change 1

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds 1,000 Cwt 

CA 

CO 

ID 

KS 

MI 

MN 

MT 2

NE 

NM 2

NY 

ND 

OR 2

SD 

TX 

UT 2

WA 

WI 2

WY 

US 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-10 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-155 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-155 

1

 Cleaned basis. 

2

 Estimates were carried forward from an earlier forecast. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 48 NASS, USDA 

Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast

Field Crop Survey Procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 24 and 

October 6 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and soybeans 

were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the U.S. production. Randomly 

selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot depend on the crop and the 

maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements that provide information to 

forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to 

develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited 

each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample 

field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. 

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal interviewers. 

Approximately 16,000 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about probable yield. These 

growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields. 

Orange Survey Procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the October 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

produced about 75 percent of the U.S. production last season. In August and September 2008, the number of bearing trees 

and the number of fruit per tree were determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit 

droppage surveys are conducted to develop the current forecast of production. Arizona, California, and Texas conduct grower 

and packer surveys on a quarterly basis: in October, January, April, and July. California conducts an objective measurement 

survey in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. 

Field Crop Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather patterns 

and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their analysis of the 

current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare 

the published October 1 forecasts. 

Orange Estimating Procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers and packers in Arizona, California, and 

Texas were also used for setting estimates. These four States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural 

Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecast. 

Revision Policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a 

balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are 

then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of planted acres for 

spring planted crops are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report if conditions altered the planting intentions 

since the mid-year survey. Planted acres may also be revised for cotton, peanuts, and rice in the September Crop Production 

report each year; spring wheat, Durum wheat, barley, and oats only in the Small Grains Annual report at the end of 

September; and all other spring planted crops in the October Crop Production report. Revisions to planted acres will only be 

made when either special survey data or administrative data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a 

production forecast is made if there is strong evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. 

End-of-season orange estimates will be published in September’s Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, 

and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. 

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the “Root Mean Square Error.” 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season 

estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. For 

example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is 3.6 percent. This means that 

chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 

3.6 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 6.2 percent. 

Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast and

the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate during the 

last 20 years have averaged 211 million bushels, ranging from 3 million bushels to 624 million bushels. The October 1 

forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the October 1 corn forecast 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 49 NASS, USDA 

this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. 

Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts 

Root Mean 

Square Error 

20-Year Record of 

Differences Between Forecast 

and Final Estimate 

Quantity Years Crop Unit 

Percent 

90 

Percent 

Confidence 

Interval 

Average Smallest Largest Below 

Final 

Above 

Final 

 Million Million Million Number Number 

Corn for Grain 

Sorghum for Grain 

Rice 

Soybeans for Beans 

Upland Cotton 1

Dry Edible Beans 

Oranges 1

Oranges 1 2

Bu 

Bu 

Cwt 

Bu 

Bales 

Cwt 

Tons 

Tons 

3.6 

6.1 

2.8 

2.3 

4.5 

3.7 

9.0 

4.3 

6.2 

10.5 

4.8 

3.9 

7.7 

6.4 

15.6 

7.5 

211 

22 

4 

42 

701 

1 

622 

397 

3 

1 

0 

1 

15 

* 

18 

18 

624 

105 

13 

103 

1,675 

3 

2,043 

917 

9 

10 

11 

9 

16 

14 

7 

7 

11 

10 

9 

11 

4 

6 

13 

8 

 * Less than 1 million. 

1

 Quantity is in thousands of units. 

2

 Excluding freeze and hurricane seasons. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

October 2008 50 NASS, USDA 

Information Contacts 

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for

additional information. 

Jeff Geuder, Chief .............................................................................................................................(202) 720-2127 

Field Crops Section 

Lance Honig, Head .....................................................................................................(202) 720-2127 

Todd Ballard - Wheat, Rye.........................................................................................(202) 720-8068 

Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings....................................................................(202) 720-5944 

Don Gephart - Hay, Oats, Sorghum............................................................................(202) 690-3234 

Ty Kalaus - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed...................................................................(202) 720-9526 

Dawn Keen - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops .....................................................(202) 720-7621 

Anthony Prillaman - Peanuts, Rice.............................................................................(202) 720-7688 

Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds .............................................(202) 720-7369 

Fruits, Vegetables & Special Crops Section 

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head ...........................................................................................(202) 720-2127 

Leslie Colburn - Berries, Grapes, Maple Syrup, Tobacco ..........................................(202) 720-7235 

Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, 

Onions, Strawberries.................................................................(202) 720-2157 

Mike Jacobsen - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Cranberries, 

Plums, Prunes............................................................................(202) 720-4288 

Doug Marousek - Floriculture, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................(202) 720-4215 

Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, 

 Lentils, Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas..........................................................................(202) 720-3250 

Suzanne Avilla - Citrus, Tropical Fruits.....................................................................(202) 720-5412 

Faye Propsom - Dry Beans, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes................................................(202) 720-4285 

Kim Ritchie - Hops.....................................................................................................(360) 902-1940 
 

 

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ASSISTANCE 

For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or services, contact the 

Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, 

color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual 

orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from 

any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 

alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s 

TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). 

To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., 

Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity 

provider and employer.