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	$5-A+'$'&0!4+,,431 U.S. 816, 97 S.Ct. 2094, 53L.Ed.2d 14 (1977)). Accordingly, the Supreme Court hasconsistently recognized associational rights involving privatefamily life as worthy of special constitutional protection.SeeMoore v. City of East Cleveland,431 U.S. 494, 499, 97 S.Ct.1932, 52 L.Ed.2d 531 (1976) ("A host of cases . . . haveconsistently acknowledged a ‘private realm of family lifewhich the state cannot enter.’") (plurality opinion) (quoting
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4B&LWLQJMeyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390, 399-401, 43 S.Ct. 625, 67L.Ed. 1042 (1923);Pierce v. Society of Sisters,268 U.S. 510, 534-535,45 S.Ct. 571, 69 L.Ed. 1070 (1925);Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, 152-153,93 S.Ct. 705, 35 L.Ed.2d 147 (1973);Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205,231-233, 92 S.Ct. 1526, 32 L.Ed.2d 15 (1972);Stanley v. Illinois, 405U.S. 645, 651, 92 S.Ct.1208, 31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972);Ginsberg v. NewYork, 390 U.S. 629, 639, 88 S.Ct. 1274, 20 L.Ed.2d 195 (1968);Griswoldv. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479, 85 S.Ct. 1678, 14 L.Ed.2d 510 (1965);Poev. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497, 542-544, 549-553, 81 S.Ct. 1752, 6 L.Ed.2d 989(1961) (Harlan, J., dissenting);Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, 12, 87S.Ct. 1817, 18 L.Ed.2d 1010 (1967);May v. Anderson, 345 U.S. 528,533, 73 S.Ct.840, 97 L.Ed. 1221 (1953);Skinner v. Oklahoma ex rel.Williamson,316 U.S. 535, 541, 62 S.Ct. 1110, 86 L.Ed. 1655 (1942).Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 166, 64 S.Ct. 438, 88L.Ed. 645) (1944)).6$%	,"#,"$"+(&$&(,"&$'& $"('$'&),00)$$%$!#' 3##2":)"'0%$$"$'+'$'&+%' (""'&0&((,+$'&')&!$%#)$2)'+&('#"$&$))+'$'& "'0%$)"$+$(23$%&)$'$,$'&-#!-C-
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"=" &$%'&0 '& ," $"('$'& " "+(&$ +&+"('2 32"($),00)$$%$$%right to participate in childrearing does not extend to grandparents.See, e.g., Moore,431 U.S. at 504 ("Ours is by no means a tradition limited torespect for the bonds uniting the members of the nuclearfamily. The tradition of uncles, aunts, cousins, and especiallygrandparents sharing a household along with parents andchildren has roots equally venerable and equally deserving ofconstitutional recognition.") (emphasis added) (footnoteomitted).C.Neither the Supreme Court nor this court, however, hasaddressed the specific issue of whether a grandmother has afundamental freedom of association right to participate in theupbringing of her grandchildren.Our decision inBazzetta v. McGinnis, 286 F.3d 311, 316(6th Cir. 2002), provides some guidance. There, weexamined the constitutional validity of a prison regulation thatprohibited prisoners from receiving visits from their minorsiblings, nieces and nephews. We struck down the regulationbecause it was unrelated to legitimate penological goals.Id.Implicit in our analysis was the recognition that an inmate’sability to visit with his or her minor siblings, nieces andnephews involves constitutionally protected associationalrights.See id. at 317 ("Close analysis is especiallyappropriate when, as is the case here, the challengedrestrictions interfere with family relationships . . . speciallyprotected by the Constitution."). The right to participate inthe upbringing of one’s grandchild occupies a basic positionin our society’s hierarchy of values and is of a more intimateand therefore more fundamentalnature than the right tovisit one’s nieces or nephews. Therefore, a logical extensionofBazzetta’s reasoning suggests that Johnson has afundamental freedom of association right to participate in theupbringing of her grandchildren.
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 2 '= $%$  !> 0&"+##&$)2,$),2)$&$'=(,"+))">""&$(%	,"#,"$:)"+%$($"#'&'&0>%$%""$'+, ""'0%$')"$+$(23$%,"$&$%#&(#&$:)*, "+))  ,) )$2 ')%) $% !"#>"K !" #3& 3)')1," )$2 ')%( #$%( ! ),2)$&$'=(,"+))& 3)') %) $> "'#"3 !$,")1  '")$ > %="0, " 32)"=($%$$%*,"+)) ,))+' 3"$+$)$%)!,&(#&$ "'0%$)&( '2"$')>%'+%"
4C%H\RQG D SDVVLQJ UHIHUHQFH WR D EURWKHU7KRPSVRQGRHV QRW VSHFLI\ZKLFK RI WKH SODLQWLII¶V IDPLO\ PHPEHUV OLYHG LQ WKH KRXVLQJ SURMHFWBazzetta’s implicit conclusion, that a prisoner has a right toreceive certain family members as visitors, is in some tensionwith this court’s prior conclusion inThompson v. Ashe, thata plaintiff had "no fundamental right to visit his familymembers on [a public housing development’s] property." 250F.3d at 406-07.InThompson, the plaintiff challenged the constitutionalityof a "no trespass" list, which kept him from visiting familymembers in a public housing development. %( +,"$ (("))( $% ')), ) ! >)1  '")$ '$+K&> (0( $%$ $% 6'  ! '0%$) "$+$) $% "'0%$ $H&$" '&$ &( #'&$'& +"$'& '&$'#$ " "'=$" $'&)%')I &( ')$( )+'!'+ " $'&)%') $%$ $%H	,"#,"$%)++"((+&)$'$,$'& "$+$'&$I A&$'&0 $%$ $% 	,"# ,"$ H%) ++"((+&)$'$,$'&  "$+$'& $ #""'0 $% 20$$'&0 &(2"'&0 ! +%' ("& +%' ( ""'&0 &( (,+$'& &(+%2'$$'& >'$% " $'=)ID A+'$$'&) #'$$(D  %(+,"$$%&&$($%$$% '&$'!!('(&$+ '#&))+'$'& '&$")$ $ >%'+% $% 	,"# ,"$ %("=',) 3 ++"(( +&)$'$,$'&  "$+$'& M '+%2'$$'& >'$% " $'=) Mand that the "Court has notextended constitutional protection to mere visitation withfamily members."Id.(emphasis added). Without furtherexplanation, theThompsonpanel concluded that the plaintiffdid not have a fundamental right to visit his family members.Put more succinctly,Thompsonconcluded that the plaintiffhad no fundamental right to visit his family members becausethe Supreme Court had not yet articulated such a right. Thatthe Supreme Court’s recognition of a right establishes thatright’s existence for lower courts, however, tells us nothingabout the existence of rights that the Court has not yetaddressed. Unless one accepts the indefensible premise thatthe absence of a Supreme Court opinion on the existence of45
a particular right means that a particular right does not exist,there is simply no reason to infer the absence of afundamental right to visit a family member based on thefortuity that the Supreme Court has not yet addressed theissue.$>'$%)$&('&0,"+&+"&)>&="$% ))>, (22,&(23(:)+&+ ,)'&M))($#:)'# '+'$ +&+ ,)'& M '! %&)& %( #" 3 ))"$( !,&(#&$ "'0%$$=')'$%"(,0%$""0"&(+%' ("&5$%'"45A+D !!BB(.A5$%'"--5DThe issue before this court, however, is whether Johnsonhas a fundamental associational right to participate in theeducation and rearing of her grandchild. Unlike the plaintiffinThompson, Johnson has been an active participant in thelives and activities of her grandchildren, with the consent andsupport of the children’s mother.Thompsonitself recognizedthe distinction between participating in child rearing andmerely visiting one’s family.See Thompson, 250 F.3d at 407(acknowledging that "[t]he Court has accorded constitutionalprotection to . . . child rearing and education") (citingPiercev. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510, 534-35, 45 S.Ct. 571, 69L.Ed. 1070 (1925)). Moreover, to the extent thatThompsoncan be read to proclaim the absence of a fundamental right toparticipate in child-rearing it conflicts with Supreme Courtprecedent and cannot bind this court.SeePierce, 268 U.S. at534-35 (recognizing a fundamental child-rearing right);Meyer, 262 U.S. at 398 (noting that "without doubt" theliberty interest guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendmentdenotes the right to "establish a home and bring up children").Accordingly, we find that Johnson does have a fundamentalfreedom of association right to participate in the upbringingof her grandchildren.
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4D.Our analysis of Au France’s claimthat the Ordinanceinfringes on his freedom of association right to visit hisattorneyis more straightforward. Much of our system oflaw is based upon the presumption that one of the mostimportant relationships for "safeguarding of individualfreedom" is that between an individual and his or herattorney.See Roberts, 468 U.S. at 617-618. It simply cannotbe denied that an individual’s relationship with his or herattorney "acts as a critical buffer between the individual andthe power of the State."See id.Accordingly, we find that AuFrance has a fundamental freedom of association right to visithis attorney.<
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