# Patent

## Title
Modeling of job profile data

## Abstract

A job profile class is defined that represents a job profile and identifies relationships of the job profile with various entities related to the job profile.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to data modeling, and more particularly to modeling of job profile data.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE/PERMISSION
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The following notice applies to the software and data as described below and in the drawings hereto: Copyright © 2004, Siebel Systems, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Employee Relationship Management (ERM) is a critical business process that enables a company's employees to do their job better. In particular, ERM allows a company to better manage relationships with its workforce and to improve the working practices and effectiveness of the workforce. Typically, an ERM system of a company maintains a variety of information associated with employees, including information identifying job profiles of employees. Job profile information may be used within a company for hiring, promotion, training and planning. In addition, job profile information may need to be transferred to outside companies such as hiring agencies, training providers, etc.
Currently, no software product exists that allows various systems maintained by an organization (e.g., a Human Resource Management System (HRMS), an ERM, etc.) to share data on employee job profiles. This creates difficulties in collaboration between different divisions of an organization and impedes successful hiring and training processes within the organization.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to various aspects for modeling job profile data.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a job profile class is defined that represents a job profile and identifies relationships of a job profile with various entities related to the job profile.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of various embodiments of the invention, which, however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments, but are for explanation and understanding only.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the interconnection between various business systems and a universal business application network, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the overall architecture of a universal business application network, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a process for facilitating the sharing of job profile data between two applications.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a process for adding custom data to a job profile class.
FIGS. 5-8 illustrate one embodiment of a common data model representing a job profile.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system that may be used to perform one or more of the operations described herein.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following description, numerous details are set forth. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
The present invention also relates to apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general purpose systems may be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the invention as described herein.
A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes read only memory (“ROM”); random access memory (“RAM”); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory devices; electrical, optical, acoustical or other form of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.); etc.
A data model that provides a common data structure to represent a job profile and allows for customization of the data model in a manner that facilitates upgrading of the data model is described. A job profile refers to a description of responsibilities and skills associated with a particular position of an individual (e.g., an employee, a consultant, a contractor, etc.) within an organization. Job profile data may be used, for example, for hiring, promotion, planning, and training. Job profile data may need to be accessible to various applications and systems within a company (e.g., a Human Resource Management System (HRM) system, an Employee Relationship Management (ERM) system, custom software applications, etc.). In addition, job profile data may need to be accessible to applications and systems of outside entities (e.g., a hiring agency, a consulting company, etc.).
In one embodiment, the job profile data model defines relationships of a job profile with various entities related to the job profile. These entities may include, for example, related work positions (jobs associated with the job profile), related skills (skills required for the job profile), etc.
The data model models the relationships as attributes associated with a job profile. In one embodiment, the job profile data model is specified using a schema language such as XML Schema.
In one embodiment, the data model defines a hierarchy of the data elements for describing a job profile. The data model may define data elements that are complex. A complex data element is a data element that comprises data sub-elements. For example, an address data element may be a complex data element that includes street, city, and state data sub-elements. The data model may specify custom data elements at various places within the hierarchy of data elements. A custom data element is of a custom data element type. The custom data element type initially defines no data elements. The data model can be customized by defining custom data elements that are specific to different applications or systems. Because the custom data elements are defined at various places within the hierarchy, the customizations of the data model can be associated with related data elements within the hierarchy.
Thus, the job profile data model provides a common data structure for interfacing job profile data of various divisions within an organization and/or job profile data of an organization and collaborating third parties, while allowing for simplified customization of this data structure by individual divisions and/or companies in accordance with their needs. Hence, the job profile data model allows companies to maintain, support and upgrade only a single data model and facilitates efficient data transformations and mappings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the interconnection between various business systems 100 (business systems utilizing job profile related data) and a universal business application network 102, according to one embodiment of the present invention. The universal business application network 100 serves as an integration hub for the business systems 100. The architecture of the universal business application network 102 allows new applications (e.g., Human Resources Management (HRM) applications and Employee Relationship Management (ERM) applications) that access legacy business systems to be developed with minimum customization. The legacy business systems can be provided by a single business organization or by different business organizations. The universal business application network 102 allows the HRM and ERM applications to exchange information using a job profile data model 104.
In one embodiment, the job profile data model 104 defines a hierarchical data structure representing a job profile. This hierarchical data structure includes data elements that are common to all business systems 100. In addition, the hierarchical data structure includes custom data elements at various levels of the hierarchy to define data fields that are specific to each business system 100, thus providing for easy customization of the job profile data model 104.
In one embodiment, the universal business application network 102 uses the XML and Web services standards.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the overall architecture of a universal business application network in one embodiment. The hub of the universal business application network is an integration server 200 that connects to the various business systems 204 (e.g., business systems utilizing job profile related data) via adapters 202. The integration server 200 includes a transport layer 216, a data model 210, a transformation store 214, a business process controller 206, and a business process store 208.
The transport layer 216 is a mechanism through which business information is exchanged between the business systems 204 and the business integration server 200. Each business system 204 may have an adapter 202 that is appropriate to the protocol of the transport layer. For example, the transport mechanism may use communications protocols such as TCP/IP. The transport layer 216 may provide a messaging service for queuing, for guaranteeing delivery of messages, and for handling both synchronous and asynchronous messaging. The adapters 202 relay events from the business systems 204 to the integration server 200 and can import configurations of the business systems 204 into the integration server 200. In addition, the universal business application network may include encryption and authentication mechanisms to ensure the security and integrity of the information. For example, authentication will help ensure that a business process is accessing the intended business system, rather than an impostor business system.
The integration server 200 stores the representation of a data model 210 (e.g., in an XML schema file) that contains the definition of a job profile class. The job profile class represents a job profile and defines relationships of the job profile with various related entities.
The transformation store 212 contains a model data definition tool (e.g., an XML schema definition tool) to create a definition of the data model 210 (e.g., in an XML schema file) and to customize the data model 210 when requested by adding custom data fields to the data model 210. The transformation store 212 also contains transformations for transforming information received from the business systems 204 to the format used by the data model 210, and vice versa. The transformations may be specified as a computer program, an XML Stylesheet Language Transform (XSLT), etc.
The business process store 208 contains the business processes that have been defined. A business process may be specified as a script, a process flow, an executable program, etc. In one embodiment, the business processes are defined using the Web Services Flow Language (OOWSFL). The business processes orchestrate a sequence of steps across multiple applications provided by the business systems 204 to achieve a business objective.
The business process controller 206 coordinates the execution of the business processes. The business process controller 206 may instantiate the job profile class and invoke functions of the resulting object in accordance with the various business processes. The business process controller 206 may also initiate the execution of business processes based on predefined conditions and events. For example, the business process controller 206 may launch a certain business process each time an alert is received. Although not shown, the business integration network may provide a standard library of business routines that may be invoked by the business processes. The integration server 200 may also include various tools to facilitate the development of business processes. These tools may aid in the development of transformations, the defining of classes, and the writing of process flows.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a process 300 for facilitating the sharing of job profile data between two applications utilizing job profile data. The process may be performed by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as run on a general purpose computer system or a dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Processing logic may reside on an integration server such as the integration server 200 of FIG. 2.
Referring to FIG. 3, process 300 begins with processing logic receiving a request from a source system to send job profile data to a target system (processing block 302). For example, job profile data may pertain to a position within a computer company, a source system may be an HRM or ERM application used by the computer company, and a target system may be a HRM or ERM application used by a recruiter seeking candidates for a position within the computer company. In another example, job profile data may pertain to a position within a company, a source system may be an HRM application used by the company, and a target system may be an ERM application used by the company.
Next, processing logic transforms the job profile data into a common format provided by the job profile class (processing block 304). The job profile class defines relationships of a job profile with various entities related to the job profile. These entities may include, for example, related work positions (jobs associated with the job profile), related skills (skills required for the job profile), etc.
Further, processing logic transforms the job profile data from the common format into a format recognizable by the target system (processing block 306) and sends the resulting job profile data to the target system (processing block 308).
Thus, according to the process 300, the sharing of job profile data between two systems does not require data mapping between the data format of the source application and the data format of the target application. Instead, the mapping is performed between each system and the common data model. Furthermore, the process 300 allows various divisions and/or organizations to share the job profile data in a manner that allows access to up-to-date job profile information by all participating parties, thus facilitating collaboration between parties participating in HRM and ERM processes.
As discussed above, in one embodiment, each class of the job profile data model can be customized for a specific business system or application.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of one embodiment of a process for adding custom data to job profile class. The process may be performed by processing logic that may comprise hardware (e.g., circuitry, dedicated logic, etc.), software (such as run on a general purpose computer system or a dedicated machine), or a combination of both. Processing logic may reside on an integration server such as the integration server 200 of FIG. 2.
At processing block 402, processing logic retrieves a data definition schema for the job profile class. The schema may be an XML schema file that include a custom data element of a type that is defined in another file.
At processing block 404, processing logic retrieves the custom data schema for the types of custom data. The schema may be stored in an XML schema file that contains the definition for each type of custom data.
Next, processing logic opens the custom data schema (processing block 406) and locates the tags relating to the custom data type of interest (processing block 408).
Further, processing logic adds the custom data elements to the located tags (processing block 410) and closes the custom data schema with the newly defined data elements (processing block 412).
One embodiment of a common data model representing a job profile will now be described in more detail in conjunction with FIGS. 5-8. One skilled in the art will appreciate that various other common data models representing job profile can be used with the present invention without loss of generality. In addition, the names of data elements illustrated in FIGS. 5-8 are descriptive of the information stored in the data elements.
FIG. 5 illustrates the listOfJobProfile data elements of the job profile class in one embodiment. The listOfJobProfile data elements include id 502, baseData 504, listOfRelatedJob 506, listOfRelatedCompetency 508, and customData 510.
The id data element 502 may be a unique identifier of a job profile. The baseData data element 504 contains general information pertaining to the job profile, as will be discussed in more detail below in conjunction with FIG. 6. The listOfRelatedJob data element 506 identifies a list of jobs associated with the job profile, as will be discussed in more detail below in conjunction with FIG. 7. The listOfRelatedCompetency data element 508 contains information on the skills associated with the job profile, as will be discussed in more detail below in conjunction with FIG. 8. The customData data element 510 initially contains no data elements, but custom data elements can be added by defining data elements in the JobProfileCustomDataType.
FIG. 6 illustrates the data elements of the baseData class in one embodiment. The data elements of the baseData class include name 602 and statusCode 604. The name data element 602 specifies the name of the job profile. The statusCode data element 604 identifies the status of the job profile (e.g., active or inactive).
FIG. 7 illustrates the data element of the listOfRelatedJob class in one embodiment. The data element includes relatedJob 702, which references the JobProfileRelatedJobType class that includes id data element 704 identifying a job code for the job profile.
FIG. 8 illustrates the data element of the listOfRelatedCompetency class in one embodiment. The listOfRelatedCompetency data element includes listOfRelatedCompetency 802, which references the JobProfileRelatedCompetencyType class that includes id data element 804 providing an identifier of a skill and a relationshipData data element 806. The relationshipData data element 806 references the JobProfileCompetencyRelationshipData class that includes a requiredRatingScore data element 808 identifying a required rating score or level of competency for the job profile.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary computer system 900 (e.g., of the integration server 200 of FIG. 2) that may be used to perform one or more of the operations described herein. In alternative embodiments, the machine may comprise a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance or any machine capable of executing a sequence of instructions that specify actions to be taken by that machine.
The computer system 900 includes a processor 902, a main memory 904 and a static memory 906, which communicate with each other via a bus 908. The computer system 900 may further include a video display unit 910 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 900 also includes an alpha-numeric input device 912 (e.g., a keyboard), a cursor control device 914 (e.g., a mouse), a disk drive unit 916, a signal generation device 920 (e.g., a speaker) and a network interface device 922.
The disk drive unit 916 includes a computer-readable medium 924 on which is stored a set of instructions (i.e., software) 926 embodying any one, or all, of the methodologies described above. The software 926 is also shown to reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 904 and/or within the processor 902. The software 926 may further be transmitted or received via the network interface device 922. For the purposes of this specification, the term “computer-readable medium” shall be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing or encoding a sequence of instructions for execution by the computer and that cause the computer to perform any one of the methodologies of the present invention. The term “computer-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to included, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic disks, and carrier wave signals.
Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present invention will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that any particular embodiment shown and described by way of illustration is in no way intended to be considered limiting. Therefore, references to details of various embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims which in themselves recite only those features regarded as essential to the invention.

## Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for data transformation, implemented in a computer system, the method comprising:
storing, on a memory device coupled to a processor of a computer system, a business process, wherein
the business process is an executable program,
the business process is configured to control a plurality of business applications, and
the plurality of business applications includes at least one of a source application or a target application;

receiving job profile data, wherein
the job profile data is received from the source application, and
the job profile data is received in a source format;

transforming, using the processor of the computer system, the job profile data from the source format into a common format, wherein
the transforming the job profile data into a common format uses a job profile object,
the common format is defined by a job profile class,
the job profile class is configured to
represent a job profile, and
identify a set of relationships between the job profile and a plurality of entities, and
the entities are related to the job profile, and

the transforming the job profile data into a common format comprises
creating the job profile object by instantiating the job profile class, and
invoking a function of the job profile object in accordance with the business process;


transforming the job profile data from the common format into a target format of the target application, wherein
the transforming the job profile data from the common format uses the job profile object;

sending the job profile data in the target format to the target application; and
adding a custom data element to the job profile class by
retrieving a data definition schema associated with the job profile class,
wherein
the data definition schema comprises the custom data element, retrieving a custom data schema for custom data of a pre-defined type, locating a tag related to the custom data in the custom data schema, and adding the custom data element to the tag.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining the job profile class.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein
the entities comprise at least one of
a related work position, and
a related skill.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the custom data element of the job profile class is associated with at least one data field specific to the source application.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising:
initializing data elements of the job profile object.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein
a definition of the job profile class is represented as an XML schema.

7. A computer program product comprising:
a plurality of instructions, comprising
a first set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to store a business process, wherein
the business process is an executable program,
the business process is configured to control a plurality of business applications, and
the plurality of business applications includes at least one of a source application or a target application,

a second set of instructions, executable on a computer system, configured to receive job profile data, wherein
the job profile data is received from the source application, and
the job profile data is received in a source format,

a third set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to transform the job profile data from the source format into a common format, wherein
the third set of instructions is further configured to transform the job profile data into the common format using a job profile object,
the common format is defined by a job profile class,
the job profile class is configured to represent a job profile, and
identify a set of relationships between the job profile and a plurality of entities, and

the entities are related to the job profile, and
the third set of instructions is further configured to transform the job profile data into the common format by
creating the job profile object by instantiating the job profile class, and
invoking a function of the job profile object in accordance with the business process,


a fourth set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to transform the job profile data from the common format into a target format of the target application, wherein
the fourth set of instructions is configured to transform the job profile data from the common format using the job profile object,

a fifth set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to send the job profile data in the target format to the target application, and
a sixth set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to add a custom data element to the job profile class by
retrieving a data definition schema associated with the job profile class, wherein
the data definition schema comprises the custom data element,

retrieving a custom data schema for custom data of a pre-defined type,
locating a tag related to the custom data in the custom data schema, and
adding the custom data element to the tag; and


a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the instructions are encoded in the computer-readable storage medium.

8. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the instructions further comprise:
a seventh set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to define the job profile class.

9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein
the entities comprise at least one of
a related work position, and
a related skill.

10. The computer program product of claim 7, wherein the instructions further comprise:
a seventh set of instructions, executable on the computer system, configured to initialize data elements of the job profile object.

11. A system comprising:
a memory; and
a processor, wherein
the processor is coupled to the memory,
the processor is configured to execute a set of instructions, and
the set of instructions is configured to cause the processor to store a business process, wherein
the business process is an executable program,
the business process is configured to control a plurality of business applications, and
the plurality of business applications includes at least one of a source application or a target application,

receive job profile data, wherein
the job profile data is received from the source application,

transform the job profile data from the source format into a common format, wherein
the transforming the job profile data into a common format uses a job profile object,
the common format is defined by a job profile class,
the job profile class is configured to represent a job profile, and
identify a set of relationships between the job profile and a plurality of entities, and

the entities are related to the job profile, and
the transforming the job profile data into a common format comprises
creating the job profile object by instantiating the job profile class, and
invoking a function of the job profile object in accordance with the business process,


transform the job profile data from the common format into a target format of the target application, wherein
the transforming the job profile data from the common format uses the job profile object,

send the job profile data in the target format to the target application, and
add a custom data element to the job profile class by
retrieving a data definition schema associated with the job profile class, wherein
the data definition schema comprises the custom data element,

retrieving a custom data schema for custom data of a pre-defined type,
locating a tag related to the custom data in the custom data schema, and
adding the custom data element to the tag.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of instructions is further configured to cause the processor to:
define the job profile class.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the custom data element of the job profile class is associated with at least one data field specific to the source application.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein the set of instructions is further configured to cause the processor to:
initialize data elements of the job profile object.

15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor;
means for storing a business process, wherein
the business process is an executable program,
the business process is configured to control a plurality of business applications, and
the plurality of business applications includes at least one of a source application or a target application;

means for data transformation, wherein
the means for data transformation is coupled to the processor, and
the means for data transformation comprises means for receiving job profile data, wherein
the job profile data is received from the source application, and
the job profile data is received in a source format,

means for transforming the job profile data from the source format into a common format, wherein
the means for receiving is coupled to the means for transforming the job profile data,
the means for transforming the job profile data into the common format uses a job profile object,
the common format is defined by a job profile class,
the job profile class is configured to represent a job profile, and
identify a set of relationships between the job profile and a plurality of entities,

the entities are related to the job profile, and
the means for transforming the job profile data into the common format comprises
means for creating the job profile object by instantiating the job profile class, and
means for invoking a function of the job profile object in accordance with the business process;



means for transforming the job profile data from the common format into a target format of the target application, wherein the means for transforming the job profile data from the common format is coupled to the means for transforming the job profile data into the common format, and
the means for transforming the job profile data from the common format uses the job profile object;

means for sending the job profile data in the target format to the target application,
wherein
the means for sending is coupled to the means for transforming the job profile data from the common format into the target format of the target application; and

means for adding a custom data element to the job profile class, wherein the means for adding comprises
retrieving a data definition schema associated with the job profile class, wherein
the data definition schema comprises the custom data element,

retrieving a custom data schema for custom data of a pre-defined type,
locating a tag related to the custom data in the custom data schema, and
adding the custom data element to the tag.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the custom data element of the job profile class is associated with at least one data field specific to the source application.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
means for initializing data elements of the instantiated job profile class, wherein the means for initializing is coupled to the means for creating and the first means for transforming.