Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released June 12, 2013, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Up 2 Percent from May

Orange Production Down 2 Percent from May

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.51 billion bushels, up 2 percent from the May 1 forecast but down 8 percent 

from 2012. Based on June 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 46.1 bushels per acre, up 0.7 bushel from last 

month but down 1.1 bushels from last year.

Hard Red Winter production, at 781 million bushels, is up 2 percent from last month. Soft Red Winter, at 509 million 

bushels, is up 2 percent from May. White Winter, at 219 million bushels, is up 1 percent from last month. Of the White 

Winter production, 11.5 million bushels are Hard White and 207 million bushels are Soft White.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2012-2013 season is 8.42 million tons, down 2 percent from the previous 

forecast and down 6 percent from the 2011-2012 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 134 million boxes 

(6.03 million tons), is down 3 percent from the May forecast and down 9 percent from last season’s final utilization. 

Early, midseason, and Navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 67.0 million boxes (3.02 million tons), unchanged from the 

May forecast but down 10 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 67.0 million boxes 

(3.02 million tons), is down 6 percent from the May forecast and down 8 percent from last season’s final utilization. The 

reduction in Florida’s Valencia orange forecast is based on current and projected utilization for the remainder of the 

season. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from May.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2012-2013 season is 1.59 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, down 1 percent from the May forecast and down 2 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.63 gallons 

per box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.51 gallons per box, down 1 percent from last season’s final yield of 

1.53 gallons per box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.69 gallons per box, 3 percent lower than last year’s final yield 

of 1.75 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of 

the past several seasons.
2 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on June 12, 2013.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Darci L. Vetter

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (June 2013) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2012 and Forecasted June 1, 2013 ................................................................... 6

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2011-2012 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Hops Area Harvested by Variety – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted June 1, 2013 ......................................... 8

Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value – States and United States: 

2011 and 2012....................................................................................................................................................................... 10

Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 2012 .......................................... 11

Sugarcane Price and Value – States and United States: 2011 and 2012............................................................................... 11

Sweet Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 2012 .................. 12

Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011-2013.............................................................. 13

Maple Syrup Price and Value – States and United States: 2011-2013 ................................................................................. 13

Maple Syrup Season – States and United States: 2011-2013................................................................................................ 13

Maple Syrup Average Open and Close Season Dates – States and United States: 2011-2013 ............................................ 14

Maple Syrup Price by Type of Sale and Size of Container – States: 2011 and 2012 ........................................................... 14

Maple Syrup Bulk Price – States: 2011 and 2012................................................................................................................. 15

Maple Syrup Percent of Sales by Type – States: 2011 and 2012.......................................................................................... 15

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2012 and 2013................... 16

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 2012 and 2013 ....................... 18

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2012 and 2013 .................................................................. 20

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2012 and 2013....................................................................... 21

Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2009-2013 ............................... 22

Percent of Normal Precipitation Map ................................................................................................................................... 23

Departure of Average Temperature from Normal Map ........................................................................................................ 23

May Weather Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 24
4 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

May Agricultural Summary ..................................................................................................................................................24

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................27

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................29

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................31
Crop Production (June 2013) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2013

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012

2013

2012 2013

May 1 June 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ........................

California ........................

Colorado .........................

Georgia ..........................

Idaho ..............................

Illinois .............................

Indiana ...........................

Kansas ...........................

Kentucky .........................

Maryland .........................

Michigan .........................

Mississippi ......................

Missouri ..........................

Montana .........................

Nebraska ........................

New York ........................

North Carolina ................

North Dakota ..................

Ohio ................................

Oklahoma .......................

Oregon ...........................

Pennsylvania ..................

South Carolina ................

South Dakota ..................

Tennessee ......................

Texas .............................

Virginia ...........................

Washington ....................

Wisconsin .......................

Other States 1.................

United States ..................

450

310

2,170

230

740

645

300

9,100

470

210

540

345

690

2,170

1,300

85

750

730

450

4,300

785

145

220

1,210

340

3,000

240

1,670

245

994

34,834

580

320

1,770

350

740

800

420

8,100

560

245

550

375

950

2,040

1,300

110

920

340

600

3,800

790

175

230

900

470

2,000

270

1,710

290

1,004

32,709

55.0

85.0

34.0

49.0

80.0

63.0

67.0

42.0

62.0

68.0

76.0

57.0

57.0

39.0

41.0

63.0

57.0

55.0

69.0

36.0

66.0

65.0

53.0

50.0

63.0

32.0

65.0

71.0

75.0

48.4

47.2

55.0

85.0

35.0

50.0

76.0

63.0

66.0

37.0

66.0

67.0

74.0

56.0

53.0

41.0

33.0

67.0

59.0

52.0

64.0

30.0

67.0

63.0

51.0

33.0

65.0

27.0

62.0

68.0

64.0

47.7

45.4

56.0

85.0

34.0

53.0

78.0

64.0

68.0

38.0

70.0

67.0

76.0

57.0

52.0

41.0

35.0

67.0

59.0

46.0

66.0

30.0

64.0

65.0

50.0

33.0

67.0

30.0

64.0

70.0

61.0

47.7

46.1

24,750

26,350

73,780

11,270

59,200

40,635

20,100

382,200

29,140

14,280

41,040

19,665

39,330

84,630

53,300

5,355

42,750

40,150

31,050

154,800

51,810

9,425

11,660

60,500

21,420

96,000

15,600

118,570

18,375

48,067

1,645,202

32,480

27,200

60,180

18,550

57,720

51,200

28,560

307,800

39,200

16,415

41,800

21,375

49,400

83,640

45,500

7,370

54,280

15,640

39,600

114,000

50,560

11,375

11,500

29,700

31,490

60,000

17,280

119,700

17,690

47,937

1,509,142

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2013 Summary.
6 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2013

[Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage released June 2013. Yield and production will be published in 

Crop Production released July 2013. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012

2013

2012 2013

May 1 June 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ........................

California .....................

Montana .......................

North Dakota ................

Other States 1..............

United States ...............

104

135

515

1,330

18

2,102

64

85

95.0

105.0

28.0

32.0

51.2

39.0

105.0

105.0

105.0

100.0

9,880

14,175

14,420

42,560

921

81,956

6,720

8,500

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2013 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2012 and Forecasted June 1, 2013

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank data cells indicate 

estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop 2012 2013

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ....................................

Soft red .....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Spring

Hard red ....................................

Hard white .................................

Soft white ..................................

Durum .......................................

Total .........................................

1,003,856

419,801

13,250

208,295

504,520

8,465

28,974

81,956

2,269,117

781,264

508,935

11,529

207,414
Crop Production (June 2013) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2011-2012 and

Forecasted June 1, 2013

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2011-2012 2012-2013 2011-2012 2012-2013

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and Navel 2

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Valencia

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ..............................................

Colored

 Florida ..............................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 3 4.............................................

California 3 4..........................................

Florida ..................................................

United States ........................................

Lemons 3

Arizona .................................................

California ..............................................

United States ........................................

Tangelos

Florida ..................................................

45,500

74,200

1,108

120,808

13,000

72,500

311

85,811

58,500

146,700

1,419

206,619

5,350

13,500

4,000

18,850

4,800

27,650

200

10,900

4,290

15,390

750

20,500

21,250

1,150

45,500

67,000

1,260

113,760

12,500

67,000

295

79,795

58,000

134,000

1,555

193,555

5,300

13,100

4,100

18,400

5,500

28,000

200

13,500

3,350

17,050

1,800

20,000

21,800

1,000

1,820

3,339

47

5,206

520

3,263

13

3,796

2,340

6,602

60

9,002

228

574

160

802

192

1,154

8

436

204

648

30

820

850

52

1,820

3,015

54

4,889

500

3,015

13

3,528

2,320

6,030

67

8,417

225

557

164

782

220

1,166

8

540

159

707

72

800

872

45

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80, Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80, Florida-85, Texas-80; tangerines and mandarins in 

Arizona and California-80, Florida-95; lemons-80, tangelos-90.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including Navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines 

in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.

4

Includes tangelos and tangors.
8 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hops Area Harvested by Variety – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted June 1, 2013

State and variety

Area harvested Strung for harvest

2012 2013

(acres) (acres)

Idaho 1........................................................

Apollo R.......................................................

Bravo R........................................................

Cascade .....................................................

Centennial ...................................................

Chinook ......................................................

Crystal ........................................................

El Dorado R.................................................

Super Galena R...........................................

Zeus ...........................................................

Other Varieties 2..........................................

Total ...........................................................

Oregon

Cascade .....................................................

Centennial ...................................................

Crystal ........................................................

Golding .......................................................

Liberty .........................................................

Magnum ......................................................

Mt. Hood .....................................................

Nugget ........................................................

Perle ...........................................................

Sterling .......................................................

Super Galena R...........................................

Tettnanger ..................................................

Willamette ...................................................

Experimental ...............................................

Other varieties 2..........................................

Total ...........................................................

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

2,423

346

208

(D)

(D)

83

58

226

1,619

(D)

(D)

175

61

905

(D)

789

4,470

289

126

637

67

328

25

14

277

503

1,123

3,389

411

307

81

170

122

(D)

131

1,652

(D)

122

185

(D)

583

27

891

4,682

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (June 2013) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hops Area Harvested by Variety – States and United States: 2012 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2013 (continued)

State and variety

Area harvested Strung for harvest

2012 2013

(acres) (acres)

Washington

Ahtanum .....................................................

Apollo R.......................................................

Bravo R.......................................................

Cascade .....................................................

Centennial ..................................................

Chelan ........................................................

Chinook ......................................................

Citra TM.......................................................

Cluster ........................................................

Columbus/Tomahawk R..............................

Crystal ........................................................

El Dorado R.................................................

Galena ........................................................

Glacier ........................................................

Golding .......................................................

Liberty ........................................................

Magnum .....................................................

Mosaic TM....................................................

Millennium ..................................................

Mt. Hood .....................................................

Northern Brewer .........................................

Nugget ........................................................

Simcoe R.....................................................

Summit TM...................................................

Super Galena R...........................................

Tettnanger ..................................................

Vanguard ....................................................

Willamette ...................................................

YCR-4 (Palisade R) .....................................

YCR-5 (Warrior R) .......................................

Zeus ...........................................................

Experimental ..............................................

Other varieties 2..........................................

Total ...........................................................

United States .............................................

176

874

528

2,693

1,478

(D)

1,215

538

546

2,523

154

(D)

954

56

(D)

(D)

(D)

(D)

397

120

120

875

940

(D)

959

76

59

692

264

195

3,253

(D)

5,355

25,040

31,933

211

685

494

4,282

1,859

292

1,344

1,278

682

2,344

202

82

450

98

93

9

86

339

381

116

145

395

1,264

2,881

751

68

76

521

152

183

3,470

280

1,457

26,970

35,041

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

R Registered

TM Trademark

1 Prior to 2013, only State totals published for Idaho to avoid disclosure of individual operations.

2

Includes data withheld to avoid disclosure of individual operations and varieties not listed.
10 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value – States and 

United States: 2011 and 2012

[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons)

California 2..................

Colorado .....................

Idaho ...........................

Michigan .....................

Minnesota ...................

Montana ......................

Nebraska ....................

North Dakota ...............

Oregon ........................

Wyoming .....................

United States ..............

25.2

29.4

176.0

153.0

479.0

45.0

52.3

231.0

10.9

31.0

1,232.8

24.5

31.2

183.0

154.0

475.0

46.6

51.0

222.0

11.0

31.8

1,230.1

25.2

28.7

176.0

153.0

469.0

43.0

51.6

225.0

10.8

30.9

1,213.2

24.5

29.7

182.0

153.0

463.0

45.8

48.9

215.0

11.0

31.3

1,204.2

46.5

28.9

34.4

24.0

19.0

25.9

24.9

20.5

35.8

27.8

23.8

44.0

31.8

35.3

29.0

26.5

28.2

29.8

28.0

38.0

28.6

29.3

State

Production Price per ton Value of production

2011 2012 2011 2012 12011 2012 1

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

California 2..................

Colorado .....................

Idaho ...........................

Michigan .....................

Minnesota ...................

Montana ......................

Nebraska ....................

North Dakota ...............

Oregon ........................

Wyoming .....................

United States ..............

1,172

829

6,054

3,672

8,911

1,114

1,285

4,613

387

859

28,896

1,078

944

6,425

4,437

12,270

1,292

1,457

6,020

418

895

35,236

70.00

68.40

65.40

87.70

68.30

71.90

72.50

60.80

65.40

74.60

69.50

82,040

56,704

395,932

322,034

608,621

80,097

93,163

280,470

25,310

64,081

2,008,452

1 United States marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in Agricultural Prices released July 2013. State 

estimates will be published in Crop Values to be released February 2014.

2

In California, relates to year of intended harvest for fall planted beets in central California and to year of planting for overwintered beets in central and 

southern California.
Crop Production (June 2013) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

State

Area harvested Yield per acre 1 Production 1

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

For sugar

Florida .....................................

Hawaii .....................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas ......................................

United States ...........................

For seed

Florida .....................................

Hawaii .....................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas ......................................

United States ...........................

For sugar and seed

Florida .....................................

Hawaii .....................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas ......................................

United States ...........................

380.0

15.1

385.0

47.0

827.1

17.0

1.5

25.0

2.0

45.5

397.0

16.6

410.0

49.0

872.6

396.0

15.9

400.0

43.0

854.9

17.0

1.5

28.0

1.0

47.5

413.0

17.4

428.0

44.0

902.4

37.5

85.2

27.6

33.5

33.5

40.0

30.0

27.6

35.5

32.7

37.6

80.2

27.6

33.6

33.5

36.6

79.4

33.0

35.9

35.7

42.7

30.0

33.0

32.0

36.4

36.9

75.1

33.0

35.8

35.7

14,250

1,287

10,626

1,575

27,738

680

45

690

71

1,486

14,930

1,332

11,316

1,646

29,224

14,494

1,262

13,200

1,544

30,500

726

45

924

32

1,727

15,220

1,307

14,124

1,576

32,227

1 Net tons.

Sugarcane Price and Value – States and United States: 2011 and 2012

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State

For sugar For sugar and seed

Price per ton Value of production Value of production 1

2011 2012 22011 2012 22011 2012 2

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Florida .....................................

Hawaii .....................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas ......................................

United States ...........................

45.10

60.70

50.40

33.40

47.20

642,675

78,121

535,550

52,605

1,308,951

673,343

80,853

570,326

54,976

1,379,498

1 Price per ton of cane for sugar used in evaluating value of production for seed.

2 United States marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in Agricultural Prices released July 2013. State 

estimates will be published in Crop Values to be released February 2014.
12 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sweet Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 

2011 and 2012

State

Area planted Area harvested

2011 2012 2011 2012

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Alabama ..................................

Arkansas ..................................

California .................................

Florida ......................................

Louisiana .................................

Mississippi ...............................

New Jersey ..............................

North Carolina ..........................

Texas .......................................

United States ...........................

2.6

3.6

18.5

3.3

14.0

24.0

1.3

65.0

1.3

133.6

2.7

4.0

18.0

6.4

10.0

24.0

1.3

63.0

1.1

130.5

2.5

3.5

18.2

3.0

13.0

23.0

1.3

64.0

1.2

129.7

2.6

3.9

18.0

6.3

9.5

22.0

1.3

62.0

1.0

126.6

State

Yield per acre Production

2011 2012 2011 2012

(cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Alabama ..................................

Arkansas ..................................

California .................................

Florida ......................................

Louisiana .................................

Mississippi ...............................

New Jersey ..............................

North Carolina ..........................

Texas .......................................

United States ...........................

129

180

320

160

185

181

150

200

120

208

210

200

343

120

205

160

160

200

150

209

323

630

5,824

480

2,405

4,163

195

12,800

144

26,964

546

780

6,174

756

1,948

3,520

208

12,400

150

26,482
Crop Production (June 2013) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2011-2013

State

Number of taps Yield per tap Production

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

(1,000 taps) (1,000 taps) (1,000 taps) (gallons) (gallons) (gallons) (1,000 

gallons)

(1,000 

gallons)

(1,000 

gallons)

Connecticut ................

Maine .........................

Massachusetts ............

Michigan .....................

New Hampshire ..........

New York ....................

Ohio ............................

Pennsylvania ..............

Vermont ......................

Wisconsin ...................

United States ..............

71

1,470

245

495

420

2,011

405

503

3,300

660

9,580

70

1,500

250

430

440

2,070

410

501

3,500

600

9,771

78

1,500

280

490

460

2,200

440

583

3,800

740

10,571

0.239

0.245

0.253

0.248

0.286

0.280

0.309

0.254

0.345

0.235

0.292

0.157

0.240

0.160

0.151

0.173

0.174

0.244

0.192

0.214

0.083

0.195

0.256

0.300

0.225

0.302

0.270

0.261

0.352

0.230

0.347

0.358

0.308

17

360

62

123

120

564

125

128

1,140

155

2,794

11

360

40

65

76

360

100

96

750

50

1,908

20

450

63

148

124

574

155

134

1,320

265

3,253

Maple Syrup Price and Value – States and United States: 2011-2013

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State

Average price per gallon Value of production

2011 2012 2013 12011 2012 2013 1

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Connecticut ................

Maine .........................

Massachusetts ............

Michigan .....................

New Hampshire ..........

New York ....................

Ohio ............................

Pennsylvania ..............

Vermont ......................

Wisconsin ...................

United States ..............

73.00

34.00

57.00

43.80

49.00

39.10

40.30

40.00

35.00

36.30

37.90

63.40

33.00

51.50

51.60

52.50

43.50

42.50

39.40

35.50

45.60

39.10

1,241

12,240

3,534

5,387

5,880

22,052

5,038

5,120

39,900

5,627

106,019

697

11,880

2,060

3,354

3,990

15,660

4,250

3,782

26,625

2,280

74,578

1 Price and value for 2013 will be published in Crop Production released June 2014.

Maple Syrup Season – States and United States: 2011-2013

State

Date season

opened 1

Date season

closed 2

Average season

length 3

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

(date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (days) (days) (days)

Connecticut ................

Maine .........................

Massachusetts ............

Michigan .....................

New Hampshire ..........

New York ....................

Ohio ............................

Pennsylvania ..............

Vermont ......................

Wisconsin ...................

United States ..............

Feb 2

Feb 12

Jan 31

Feb 13

Feb 14

Jan 10

Feb 2

Feb 3

Feb 1

Feb 2

(X)

Jan 5

Feb 4

Jan 29

Jan 29

Feb 2

Jan 10

Jan 20

Jan 9

Jan 18

Jan 25

(X)

Jan 2

Jan 13

Jan 8

Feb 8

Jan 30

Jan 1

Jan 4

Jan 10

Jan 8

Feb 15

(X)

Apr 21

May 6

Apr 27

Apr 28

Apr 30

Apr 27

Apr 11

Apr 28

Apr 30

May 7

(X)

Mar 30

May 7

Mar 30

Apr 2

Apr 21

Apr 26

Mar 30

Apr 20

May 2

Apr 25

(X)

Apr 28

Apr 30

Apr 15

Apr 29

Apr 26

May 1

Apr 18

May 8

May 1

May 28

(X)

32

34

31

29

32

33

31

33

36

28

32

32

29

24

18

25

24

26

26

26

10

24

41

39

36

32

38

40

37

39

41

29

37

(X) Not applicable.

1 Approximately the first day that sap was collected.

2 Approximately the last day that sap was collected.

3

The average number of days that sap was collected.
14 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Average Open and Close Season Dates – States and United States: 2011-2013

State

Season Opened 1 Season Closed 2

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

(date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date)

Connecticut .......................

Maine ................................

Massachusetts ..................

Michigan ...........................

New Hampshire ................

New York ..........................

Ohio ..................................

Pennsylvania ....................

Vermont ............................

Wisconsin .........................

United States ....................

Feb 24

Mar 10

Mar 4

Mar 8

Mar 7

Mar 5

Feb 24

Feb 26

Mar 9

Mar 15

(X)

Feb 9

Feb 28

Feb 19

Feb 26

Feb 24

Feb 21

Feb 15

Feb 16

Feb 25

Mar 8

(X)

Feb 12

Mar 4

Feb 26

Mar 9

Feb 28

Feb 27

Feb 20

Feb 26

Mar 3

Mar 25

(X)

Mar 28

Apr 13

Apr 4

Apr 6

Apr 8

Apr 7

Mar 27

Mar 31

Apr 14

Apr 12

(X)

Mar 12

Mar 28

Mar 14

Mar 15

Mar 20

Mar 16

Mar 12

Mar 13

Mar 22

Mar 18

(X)

Mar 25

Apr 12

Apr 3

Apr 10

Apr 7

Apr 9

Mar 29

Apr 5

Apr 13

Apr 23

(X)

(X) Not applicable.

1 Approximate average opened date based on reported data.

2 Approximate average closed date based on reported data.

Maple Syrup Price by Type of Sale and Size of Container – States: 2011 and 2012

Type and State

Gallon 1/2 Gallon Quart Pint 1/2 Pint

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Retail

Connecticut ..................

Maine ...........................

Massachusetts .............

Michigan ......................

New Hampshire ...........

New York .....................

Ohio .............................

Pennsylvania ...............

Vermont .......................

Wisconsin ....................

Wholesale

Connecticut ..................

Maine ...........................

Massachusetts .............

Michigan ......................

New Hampshire ...........

New York .....................

Ohio .............................

Pennsylvania ...............

Vermont .......................

Wisconsin ....................

57.00

53.10

50.80

45.50

51.30

44.70

41.70

41.00

44.70

39.00

(D)

42.70

45.70

33.80

38.70

37.50

36.00

35.90

39.40

40.30

62.90

56.20

51.90

46.00

53.20

43.70

41.50

42.60

46.10

44.60

56.90

42.40

40.80

36.80

37.90

43.80

37.20

39.20

40.50

36.20

34.80

30.80

30.00

24.60

27.30

25.00

24.90

23.20

26.20

23.50

25.00

24.00

24.40

23.00

23.30

22.70

22.70

21.90

23.90

23.50

36.00

30.40

29.10

25.70

30.10

24.80

24.80

23.30

26.20

26.80

34.10

22.80

24.70

24.10

23.20

24.30

20.00

20.30

24.10

24.30

19.00

16.60

18.50

13.70

17.20

15.60

15.10

13.90

15.70

12.30

14.00

12.10

13.70

12.60

13.20

12.50

13.10

12.70

13.70

11.90

21.00

16.60

17.80

14.90

18.50

15.40

15.10

13.60

16.90

15.00

16.40

12.90

13.90

12.30

12.50

14.30

12.50

12.10

13.70

13.40

13.10

10.00

11.30

8.40

10.10

9.40

8.90

8.00

9.70

7.40

8.00

7.00

8.30

7.30

8.20

6.90

7.90

6.90

8.10

6.70

13.00

9.60

11.10

9.30

10.60

9.60

9.30

8.30

9.60

8.40

8.60

7.40

7.40

7.20

7.30

8.45

7.00

6.65

8.10

8.00

8.70

5.90

8.40

5.20

5.80

6.05

6.80

5.00

5.90

5.30

5.10

4.30

5.20

4.50

4.60

4.75

5.00

4.00

5.00

4.10

7.75

6.00

7.45

6.70

6.20

6.00

5.90

5.05

6.20

5.20

5.10

5.10

4.70

4.50

4.30

5.65

4.20

4.50

4.80

4.90

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
Crop Production (June 2013) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Bulk Price – States: 2011 and 2012

State

Bulk all grades Bulk all grades

2011 2012 2011 2012

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per gallon) (dollars per gallon)

Connecticut ..................

Maine ...........................

Massachusetts ..............

Michigan .......................

New Hampshire ............

New York ......................

Ohio ..............................

Pennsylvania ................

Vermont ........................

Wisconsin .....................

(D)

2.90

2.50

2.60

2.65

2.64

2.70

2.57

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.90

2.69

2.60

2.55

2.71

2.70

2.66

2.75

2.70

(D)

32.00

27.60

28.80

29.20

29.10

29.90

28.40

30.30

29.50

29.70

32.00

29.70

29.10

28.10

29.80

30.20

29.30

30.30

29.50

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Maple Syrup Percent of Sales by Type – States: 2011 and 2012

State

Retail Wholesale Bulk

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Connecticut ...................

Maine ............................

Massachusetts ...............

Michigan ........................

New Hampshire .............

New York .......................

Ohio ...............................

Pennsylvania .................

Vermont .........................

Wisconsin ......................

70

4

55

45

50

29

42

43

15

30

47

2

39

60

50

36

48

32

15

39

15

4

30

15

10

11

17

27

5

13

16

3

33

24

25

14

14

13

5

18

15

92

15

40

40

60

41

30

80

57

37

95

28

16

25

50

38

55

80

43
16 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

3,637

97,155

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

2,760

335

2,699

1,300

6,244

(NA)

55,736

41,324

2,123

12,289

1,765.0

(X)

344

51.1

1,638.0

2.2

169.8

77,198

1,919.0

12,314.4

12,076.0

238.4

1,230.1

(NA)

(NA)

19.0

1,742.5

649.0

463.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,148.3

96.8

49.8

1,001.7

(NA)

130.5

(NA)

3,634

97,282

(NA)

2,901

2,611

7,620

56,440

41,988

1,751

12,701

1,653.7

(X)

272

1,191.0

77,126

1,684.0

10,026.0

9,820.0

206.0

1,201.1

(NA)

19.0

1,500.0

850.0

335.0

(NA)

73.2

122.3

3,244

87,375

7,379

56,260

17,292

38,968

1,045

205

2,678

248

4,955

363

48,991

34,834

2,102

12,055

1,729.0

(X)

336

49.7

1,608.0

2.1

160.1

76,104

1,841.0

9,371.8

9,135.0

236.8

1,204.2

902.4

336.2

13.7

1,690.4

621.0

450.0

(NA)

6.1

31.9

76.0

1,132.7

94.6

48.5

989.6

20.0

126.6

0.4

56,419

32,709

349.6

35.0

71.0

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (June 2013) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Domestic Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per acre Production

2012 2013 2012 2013

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 3........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 3............................................................................... bales

 Upland 3................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 3................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 3.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 3....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 3......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 3........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

67.9

123.4

15.4

2.13

3.01

1.74

61.3

15.1

7,449

28.0

49.8

11.4

46.3

47.2

39.0

45.0

1,416

(X)

17.1

602

4,192

2,205

1,121

39.6

1,513

887

869

1,581

29.3

35.7

2,268

1,219

1,889

1,751

1,178

(NA)

1,180

1,918

87

412

283

368

427

120

209

(NA)

46.1

308

220,284

10,780,296

113,450

119,878

52,049

67,829

64,024

3,090

199,479

6,944

246,932

4,135

2,269,117

1,645,202

81,956

541,959

2,447,410

5,666.0

5,762

29,930

6,741,400

4,630

179,424

3,014,998

2,785,695

17,314.8

16,535.0

779.8

35,236

32,227

762,709

167

31,925

10,872

5,302

406

7,200

61,249.2

6,605

467,126

26,736

17,855

422,535

2,390

26,482

3,500

1,509,142

21,872

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

3 Yield in pounds.
18 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2012 2013 2012 2013

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,471,860

39,317,660

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,116,940

135,570

1,092,260

526,100

2,526,880

(NA)

22,555,800

16,723,410

859,160

4,973,240

714,280

(X)

139,210

20,680

662,880

890

68,720

31,241,260

776,600

4,983,510

4,887,040

96,480

497,810

(NA)

(NA)

7,690

705,170

262,640

187,370

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

464,710

39,170

20,150

405,380

(NA)

52,810

(NA)

1,470,640

39,369,050

(NA)

1,174,010

1,056,650

3,083,740

22,840,700

16,992,120

708,610

5,139,970

669,240

(X)

110,080

481,990

31,212,120

681,500

4,057,420

3,974,060

83,370

486,070

(NA)

7,690

607,040

343,990

135,570

(NA)

29,620

49,490

1,312,810

35,359,790

2,986,210

22,767,860

6,997,900

15,769,960

422,900

82,960

1,083,760

100,360

2,005,240

146,900

19,826,170

14,096,970

850,660

4,878,540

699,710

(X)

135,980

20,110

650,740

850

64,790

30,798,530

745,030

3,792,670

3,696,840

95,830

487,330

365,190

136,070

5,540

684,090

251,310

182,110

(NA)

2,470

12,920

30,760

458,390

38,280

19,630

400,480

8,090

51,230

160

22,832,210

13,237,010

141,490

14,180

28,730

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (June 2013) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production in Metric Units – United States: 

2012 and 2013 (continued)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per hectare Production

2012 2013 2012 2013

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2.....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.65

7.74

34.47

4.78

6.75

3.90

2.20

0.84

8.35

1.76

3.13

25.54

3.11

3.18

2.62

3.02

1.59

(X)

1.08

0.67

4.70

2.47

1.26

2.66

1.70

0.99

0.97

1.77

65.59

80.06

2.54

1.37

2.12

1.96

1.32

(NA)

1.32

2.15

0.10

46.22

31.68

41.26

47.86

0.13

23.45

(NA)

3.10

34.53

4,796,120

273,832,130

102,920,110

108,751,490

47,218,060

61,533,430

929,310

70,080

9,048,220

176,390

6,272,360

3,751,210

61,755,240

44,775,060

2,230,480

14,749,710

1,110,130

5,140,110

146,360

13,580

3,057,850

2,100

81,390

82,054,800

1,263,570

3,769,850

3,600,070

169,780

31,965,560

29,235,840

345,960

7,570

1,448,090

493,150

240,490

18,420

3,270

27,780

3,000

21,188,480

1,212,720

809,890

19,165,870

1,080

1,201,200

1,590

41,072,110

992,100

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
20 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Domestic Units – United States: 2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2012-2013 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2012 2013

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ..............................................................tons

Lemons .................................................................tons

Oranges ................................................................tons

Tangelos (Florida) .................................................tons

Tangerines and mandarins ....................................tons

Noncitrus

Apples ................................................... 1,000 pounds

Apricots .................................................................tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Grapes ..................................................................tons

Olives (California) .................................................tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Peaches ................................................................tons

Pears ....................................................................tons

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ...........................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..................................tons

Pecans, in-shell ................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................tons

Maple syrup ..................................................... gallons

1,154

850

9,002

52

648

9,061.1

60.8

7,343.4

160.0

978.3

858.2

125.0

13.2

1,890,000

34.7

302,800

470

1,908

1,166

872

8,417

45

707

(NA)

3,253

(NA) Not available.

1 Production years are 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.
Crop Production (June 2013) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production in Metric Units – United States: 2012 and 2013

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2013 crop year,

except citrus which is for the 2012-2013 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2012 2013

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit .............................................................................................................

Lemons ................................................................................................................

Oranges ................................................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) ................................................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ...................................................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ..................................................................................................................

Apricots ................................................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Grapes .................................................................................................................

Olives (California) .................................................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) .................................................................................................

Peaches ...............................................................................................................

Pears ....................................................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................................................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ................................................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .................................................................................

Pecans, in-shell ....................................................................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................................................................

Maple syrup ..........................................................................................................

1,046,890

771,110

8,166,480

47,170

587,860

4,110,050

55,160

6,661,820

145,150

887,460

778,580

113,400

12,010

857,290

31,480

137,350

426,380

9,540

1,057,780

791,070

7,635,770

40,820

641,380

(NA)

16,260

(NA) Not available.

1 Production years are 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.
22 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat for Grain Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 winter wheat-producing States 

during 2013. Randomly selected plots in winter wheat for grain fields are visited monthly from May through harvest to 

obtain specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are based on counts from this survey.

Winter Wheat Objective Yield Percent of Samples Processed in the Lab – United States: 2009-2013

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Year

June July August

Mature 1 Mature 1 Mature 1

(percent) (percent) (percent)

2009 ....................................

2010 ....................................

2011 ....................................

2012 ....................................

2013 ....................................

5

8

24

57

12

57

58

60

77

91

87

86

92

1

Includes winter wheat in the hard dough stage or beyond and are considered mature or almost mature.
Crop Production (June 2013) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
24 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

May Weather Summary

Periods of heavy rain hampered fieldwork across the northern Plains and the Midwest, except for a brief mid-month 

stretch when producers achieved a record-tying corn planting pace. From May 13-19, corn planting advanced from 28 to 

71 percent complete, matching the weekly record of 43 percentage points set from May 4-10, 1992. Midwestern rainfall 

intensified toward month’s end, leading to a second round of spring flooding in the middle Mississippi Valley. Previously, 

flooding had struck the same general area of the Corn Belt in late April. By June 2, more than half of the intended soybean 

acreage had not yet been planted in several Midwestern States, including Missouri (64 percent left to plant), Wisconsin 

(57 percent), Iowa (56 percent), and Illinois (51 percent).

Cool, wet conditions also hampered planting on the northern Plains, where only 64 percent of North Dakota’s spring 

wheat had been planted by June 2. Farther south, a stark contrast developed across the central and southern Plains, with 

worsening drought on the High Plains and heavy showers in eastern portions of the region. As drought entered a third year 

on the southern High Plains, concerns existed with respect to the health of rangeland, pastures, and emerging summer 

crops.

Farther west, drought also remained a significant presence across the Southwest, leading to unusually poor rangeland and 

pasture conditions in New Mexico (92 percent very poor to poor on June 2), Arizona (75 percent), and California 

(65 percent). Several Western States, including Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Oregon, continued to deal 

with the combination of sub-par spring runoff and below-normal reservoir storage. Occasional May showers dampened 

the northern tier of the West, although parts of the interior Northwest experienced unfavorably dry weather.

Elsewhere, abundant rain fell across much of the South and East, except in a few small areas. However, there were 

enough breaks between showers - especially in the Mississippi Delta - for previously delayed planting activities to 

advance. Some of the most substantial rain fell across northern New England, Florida’s peninsula, the southern 

Appalachians, and the Mid-South.

May Agricultural Summary

Below average temperatures coupled with heavy rainfall throughout May hampered fieldwork and crop development 

across much of the Midwest. Most notably, portions of the northern Great Plains and Mississippi Valley States 

accumulated more than 10 inches of precipitation during the month. Conversely, much of the Southwest totaled 0.1 inch 

or less, forcing some producers to irrigate their crops earlier than normal. Freezing overnight temperatures damaged 

portions of the developing winter wheat crop as far south as northern Texas during early-May, while daytime highs 

climbed to the triple digits in portions of the southern Great Plains mid-month.

As May began, cool, wet weather continued to hamper fieldwork throughout much of the major corn-producing regions, 

allowing producers only small windows of favorable conditions to plant this year’s crop. By May 5, producers had planted 

12 percent of the Nation’s crop, 57 percentage points behind last year and 35 percentage points behind the 5-year average. 

This represented the slowest planting pace since 1984. Weather conditions improved somewhat during mid-May; 

however, many areas continued to report fields that were unable to support farm equipment due to surplus moisture. The 

unusually slow planting pace coupled with cooler than normal temperatures resulted in limited seed germination in some 

corn fields during the first half of the month. Warmer temperatures and limited precipitation provided producers in many 

areas ample time for fieldwork during the week ending May 19, evidenced by record-tying planting progress of 

43 percentage points. Similarly, double-digit emergence occurred in 13 of the 18 major estimating States during the same 

week. Despite the return of wet weather in portions of the Corn Belt, planting continued to gain speed toward month’s 

end, and jumped ahead of normal in 6 of the 18 major estimating States during the week ending May 26. Nationwide, 

91 percent of this year’s corn crop was planted by June 2, nine percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points 

behind the 5-year average. Seventy-four percent of the crop had emerged, 22 percentage points behind last year and

8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 63 percent of the corn crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on June 2, compared with 72 percent from the same period last year.

Cool temperatures and wet fields were limiting sorghum planting in portions of the Great Plains as May began. 

Nationally, 28 percent of the crop was planted by May 5, six percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points 
Crop Production (June 2013) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

behind the 5-year average. By May 12, planting was underway but approximately two weeks behind normal in Kansas, 

the largest sorghum-producing State. Despite warmer, drier weather that helped to improve fieldwork conditions in many 

areas mid-month, overall progress fell further behind normal Nationwide. Toward month’s end, planting neared

completion across much of Texas, as head development began in central portions of the State. By June 2, producers had 

planted 52 percent of the Nation’s sorghum crop, 23 percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points behind the 

5-year average.

Fifty-seven percent of this year’s oat crop was seeded by May 5, thirty-six percentage points behind last year and 

19 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Minnesota and North Dakota, two of the three largest oat-producing 

States, producers maximized a limited number of days suitable for fieldwork as they tried to seed their crop. As the month 

progressed, improved weather conditions throughout the northern Great Plains and the Great Lakes region allowed for 

increased fieldwork, pushing the overall seeding pace ahead of or closer to normal. Warmer temperatures in many areas 

benefitted crop emergence mid-month; however, the return of wet weather toward month’s end slowed the seeding pace 

and hampered seed germination in portions of North Dakota. Nationwide, 94 percent of the oat crop had been sown by 

June 2, six percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By month’s end, harvest 

in Texas was underway but behind normal. Overall, 56 percent of the oat crop was reported in good to excellent condition 

on June 2, compared with 47 percent on May 19 and 72 percent from the same period last year.

While barley seeding advanced ahead of the normal pace in Montana and the Pacific Northwest, producers in Minnesota 

and North Dakota battled lingering unfavorable weather as they began sowing their fields in early-May. Fifty-five percent 

of the Nation’s barley crop was seeded by May 12, thirty-six percentage points behind last year and 8 percentage points 

behind the 5-year average. High winds and drier weather helped to dry wet fields in Minnesota and North Dakota, 

providing more time for fieldwork mid-month. By May 19, emergence was 35 percent complete, 41 percentage points 

behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Following the mid-month surge in seeding progress, 

heavy rainfall returned to the Great Lakes region, driving producers from their fields and limiting fieldwork to 

approximately 4 days during the 2 week period ending June 2. Nationwide, 83 percent of the barley crop had been sown 

by June 2, seventeen percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-two 

percent of the crop had emerged, 33 percentage points behind last year and 15 percentage points behind the 5-year 

average. In North Dakota, emergence was significantly behind normal due to flooding and crusted fields. Overall, 

66 percent of the barley crop was reported in good to excellent condition on June 2, compared with 69 percent from the 

same period last year.

Unseasonably cool early-month temperatures limited crop development in many of the major winter wheat-producing 

States, leading to the slowest heading pace since 1993. By May 5, twenty percent of the crop was at or beyond the heading 

stage, 44 percentage points behind last year and 19 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Texas, winter wheat 

fields damaged by dry, windy, or freezing conditions were baled for hay. Reports from Kansas indicated that just under 

half of the winter wheat crop was free of freeze damage on May 12 following cold temperatures in late-April and 

early-May. Producers in portions of southern Texas began harvesting wheat for grain mid-month, but progress remained 

behind normal. Elsewhere, fields in the Pacific Northwest were in need of additional moisture to aid crop development 

despite mid-month showers. By June 2, heading of the Nation’s winter wheat crop was 73 percent complete, 

15 percentage points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Lingering drought in western 

Oklahoma hampered crop development and delayed harvest. Overall, 32 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in 

good to excellent condition on June 2, compared with 32 percent on May 5 and 52 percent from the same time last year.

By May 5, spring wheat producers had sown 23 percent of this year’s crop, 59 percentage points behind last year and 

27 percentage points behind the 5-year average. By May 12, seeding delays of over three weeks and over two weeks were 

evident in Minnesota and North Dakota, respectively, due to unseasonable weather conditions and limited fieldwork. Crop 

emergence significantly lagged the normal pace due to limited seeding and poor growing conditions in some of the larger 

producing States. Seeding was complete or nearly complete in Idaho and Washington by May 19, while favorable weather 

promoted rapid seeding in Minnesota, Montana, and the Dakotas. Toward month’s end, seeding in the northern Great 

Plains was limited to fields that could support equipment. Nationally, 80 percent of the spring wheat crop was seeded by 

June 2, twenty percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Sixty-one percent 

of the crop had emerged, 38 percentage points behind last year and 19 percentage points behind the 5-year average. 
26 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Overall, 64 percent of the spring wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition on June 2, compared with 

78 percent from the same period last year.

With heavy rainfall limiting seeding throughout much of the rice-producing region in Arkansas, producers Nationwide 

had 55 percent of this year’s crop in the ground by May 5, twenty-two percentage points behind last year and 

11 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As the month progressed, favorable weather in California allowed 

seeding to advance well ahead of the normal pace, while progress in the Delta remained behind normal due to wet 

conditions. Warmer, drier weather aided fieldwork and benefitted crop condition in the Delta during the second half of the 

month. By May 26, seeding was complete or nearly complete in all estimating States except Arkansas and Mississippi. 

Nationally, 97 percent of the rice crop had been sown by June 2, three percentage points behind last year but on par with 

the 5-year average. Emergence was 88 percent complete, 6 percentage points behind last year but slightly ahead of the 

5-year average. In Arkansas, heavy late-month rainfall damaged some levees. Overall, 61 percent of the rice crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition on June 2, compared with 54 percent on May 19 and 65 percent from the same 

period last year.

As May began, soybean producers were just beginning to plant this year’s crop. Progress was most advanced in the lower 

Mississippi Valley States, but was well behind normal due to unfavorable planting conditions earlier this spring. By 

May 12, six percent of the Nation’s soybean crop was planted, 37 percentage points behind last year and 18 percentage 

points behind the 5-year average. This represented the slowest planting pace since 1993. Favorable mid-month weather 

allowed some producers in the Corn Belt enough time to finish planting corn and switch their focus to soybeans. By 

May 19, twenty-four percent of the Nation’s crop was planted, 47 percentage points behind last year and 18 percentage 

points behind the 5-year average. Three percent of the crop had emerged. Double-digit planting progress was evident in 

many States during the week ending May 26. Despite improved conditions, producers Nationwide had planted just 

57 percent of this year’s soybean crop by June 2, representing the slowest pace since 1996 when 45 percent of the crop 

was planted on June 2. Emergence had advanced to 31 percent, 45 percentage points behind last year and 18 percentage

points behind the 5-year average.

As heavy rainfall limited fieldwork throughout much of the Southeast, peanut producers had planted 11 percent of this 

year’s crop by May 5, seventeen percentage points behind last year and 6 percentage points behind the 5-year average. 

Planting was reported as being in full swing throughout southern Alabama during the week ending May 12, while 

producers in more centrally located counties waited for warmer temperatures. Additional rainfall hampered fieldwork for 

some producers in Georgia, while others had to sow seeds deeper due to soil moisture shortages. Improved weather 

conditions promoted planting progress of 20 percentage points or more in the 8 major estimating States during the week 

ending May 26. Despite steady progress across much of Alabama toward month’s end, planting in some southeastern 

counties – where 80 percent of topsoil moisture was reported as very short or short on June 2 – was halted due to 

prolonged dryness. Nationally, 84 percent of the Nation’s crop was planted by June 2, 8 percentage points behind last year 

and slightly behind the 5-year average.

Sunflower producers had planted 9 percent of this year’s crop by May 26, thirty-four percentage points behind last year 

and 17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In Colorado, timely rainfall boosted soil moisture levels in the 

sunflower-producing region. By June 2, considerable planting delays were evident in the 4 major estimating States.

Cool temperatures across much of northern Texas during early-May left cotton producers preparing fields and equipment 

while waiting for soils to warm up before putting seed in the ground. In Georgia, heavy rainfall limited fieldwork in 

portions of the State. Nationally, 23 percent of the crop was planted by May 12, twenty-three percentage points behind 

last year and 15 percentage points behind the 5-year average. This represented the slowest planting pace on record dating 

back to 1975. Progress in Texas fell further behind the normal pace as producers in the Plains regions continued to wait 

for warmer soil temperatures and improved moisture before planting costly seeds. In California, above average 

temperatures aided seed germination, crop emergence, and growth, but led to earlier than normal irrigation in some areas. 

As the month progressed, mid-month weather conditions turned favorable across much of the Cotton Belt, allowing for 

rapid planting. By June 2, producers had planted 82 percent of the Nation’s cotton crop, 5 percentage points behind last 

year and slightly behind the 5-year average. Squaring was evident in Arizona, California, Georgia, North Carolina, and 

Texas.
Crop Production (June 2013) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Warmer average temperatures in Michigan spurred sugarbeet planting as May began, while progress in Minnesota was 

just underway and had yet to begin North Dakota. Nationwide, 24 percent of this year’s crop was planted by May 5, 

seventy-three percentage points behind last year and 41 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Drier soils 

jump-started fieldwork in Minnesota and North Dakota, evidenced by producers planting 46 and 42 percent of their crop, 

respectively, during the week ending May 12. Rapid planting continued mid-month, and by May 19, progress Nationwide 

was advancing ahead of the 5-year average pace for the first time this year. Wet weather returned to the northern Great 

Plains toward month’s end, hampering fieldwork. By June 2, ninety-six percent of the Nation’s sugarbeet crop was 

planted, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

Crop Comments

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.51 billion bushels, up 2 percent from the May 1 forecast but down 8 percent 

from 2012. Based on June 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 46.1 bushels per acre, up 0.7 bushel from last 

month but down 1.1 bushels from last year. As of June 2, thirty-two percent of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major 

producing States was rated in good to excellent condition, 20 percentage points below the same week in 2012. Nationally, 

73 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by June 2, seven percentage points behind the 5-year average pace. 

Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, 

Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are below last year's levels in all States except Kansas and Oklahoma. Although some 

precipitation was received across much of the Plains during May, it was not enough to relieve the drought conditions 

plaguing the region.

Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) 

are above last year's levels in Illinois and Missouri but below in Ohio. Excessive spring precipitation in Illinois and 

Missouri reduced crop conditions during May.

Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year. The Washington crop was 

rated in mostly fair to good condition as of June 2; however, precipitation is needed. 

Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 15.2 million bushels, 

down 3 percent from the May forecast and down 37 percent from last year. In Southern California, crop harvest is well 

underway with no reports of any significant disease or pest.

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing region, high temperatures reported for the month ranged from the upper 80s to lower 

90s. Rainfall was widespread and heavy in places, easing the drought conditions in all of the citrus producing regions. 

Harvest of Valencias and grapefruit was winding down. Harvesting, hedging and topping, irrigation, and general grove 

maintenance were the primary grove activities.

California citrus: Citrus groves were irrigated and bloom was complete. Tangerine growers removed netting that was 

used to prevent seeds. Valencia orange harvest continued.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Harvest continued for apricots, cherries, peaches, and nectarines; while fruit was 

thinned on late-season varieties. Stone fruit growers placed reflective ground cover in orchards to help fruit color. Orchard 

growers also irrigated, fertilized, and sprayed for weeds. Prunes were being irrigated and sprayed with insecticides and 

potassium applications. Kiwi growers reported bees were placed as bloom began in the Sacramento Valley. Pomegranate 

trees bloomed and fruit was starting to develop. Strawberry and blueberry harvests were in full swing across the State. 

Apple growers were thinning fruit. Grape growers irrigated and treated to control fungus, mildew, and mites. Berries were 

sizing on grape vines in the Central Valley, while grapes were blooming in the Sierra foothills. Grape vine training and 

bunch thinning continued. Leaves were thinned to allow for more sunlight and airflow. Grape growers in Napa Valley 

sprayed for European Grapevine Moth. Olive bloom neared completion with continued crop irrigation. Almond growers 

irrigated, fertilized, and sprayed trees with miticides and fungicides. Almond kernels continued to develop. Walnuts 

continued to develop as trees were also irrigated and fertilized. Walnut growers trapped and monitored codling moths as 

the first codling moth sprays began. Pistachios were irrigated with growers monitoring and treating for Navel orange 

worm as well as spraying for leaf footed plant bugs.
28 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Grapefruit: The 2012-2013 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.17 million tons, up slightly from the previous 

forecast and up 1 percent from last season’s final utilization. The route survey conducted June 3-4 in Florida indicated that 

98 percent of the white grapefruit and 96 percent of the colored grapefruit rows were harvested. California and Texas 

grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from May.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 707,000 tons, down slightly 

from the previous forecast but up 9 percent from last season’s final utilization. In Florida, the route survey conducted

June 3-4 showed over 97 percent of the Honey tangerine rows had been harvested. Arizona and California tangerine 

forecasts were carried forward from May.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.00 million boxes (45,000 tons), unchanged from the May forecast but down 

13 percent from last season’s final utilization. Florida’s route survey conducted June 3-4 showed that all of the rows had 

been harvested.

Hops: Area strung for harvest in 2013 for Washington, Oregon, and Idaho is forecast at 35,041 acres, 10 percent more 

than the 2012 crop of 31,933 acres. Washington, with 26,970 acres for harvest, accounts for 77 percent of the 

United States total area. Oregon hop growers plan to string 4,682 acres, or 13 percent of the United States total, with 

Idaho hop growers accounting for the remaining 10 percent, or 3,389 acres strung for harvest. Acreage increased in all 

three States this year. This is the first time acreage by variety is being published for Idaho since 2001.

Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2012 crop year remains at 35.2 million tons, unchanged from the January 

end-of-season estimate but 22 percent above 2011. Planted area totaled 1.23 million acres and harvested area totaled 

1.20 million acres, both unchanged from the previous estimate. The final United States yield, at 29.3 tons per acre, is a 

record high.

Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2012 is revised to 32.2 million tons, up slightly from the March 

estimate. Area harvested for sugar and seed production totaled 902,400 acres for the 2012 crop year, up 6,400 acres from 

March and 3 percent above the previous year. Yield for sugar and seed is estimated at 35.7 tons per acre, down 0.2 ton 

from the previous estimate but up 2.2 tons from 2011.

Sweet potatoes: Production of sweet potatoes in 2012 totaled 26.5 million cwt, unchanged from the Crop Production 

2012 Summary released in January 2013 but down 2 percent from the previous year. Growers harvested 126,600 acres, 

down 2 percent from 2010. Yield per acre, at a record high 209 cwt, is unchanged from January but up 1 cwt from the 

previous year. 

Maple syrup: The 2013 United States maple syrup production totaled 3.25 million gallons, up 70 percent from the 

previous year. In 2012, prevailing high temperatures limited sap flow. The number of taps is estimated at 10.6 million, 

8 percent above the 2012 total of 9.77 million. Yield per tap is estimated to be 0.308 gallon, up 58 percent from the 

previous season’s yield.

All States showed an increase in production from the previous year. Cool temperatures in the early spring months delayed 

budding of maple trees which contributed to a longer season of sap flow than last year. The earliest sap flow reported was 

January 1 in New York. The latest sap flow reported to open the season was February 15 in Wisconsin. On average, the 

season lasted 37 days, compared with 24 days in 2012.

The 2012 United States average price per gallon was $39.10, up $1.20 from the 2011 price of $37.90. Value of 

production, at $74.6 million for 2012, was down 30 percent from the previous season.
Crop Production (June 2013) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 25 and June 6 to 

gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted 

for 65 percent of the 2012 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported 

acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made 

within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and 

number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that will be harvested. The counts are used with 

similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to 

obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and 

weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting 

loss.

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet and personal 

interviewers. Approximately 5,300 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the 

probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the June 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

accounts for 72 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season 

based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or 

special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the 

previous components and are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and 

packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement 

surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare 

the published June 1 forecast. The June 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from 

April.

Revision policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, 

shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final 

end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent 

years.
30 Crop Production (June 2013)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.3 percent. This means that chances are 

2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.3 percent. 

Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.1 percent. Differences between 

the June 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 69 million 

bushels, ranging from 3 million to 242 million bushels. The June 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 11 times and 

above 9 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final 

production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 orange production forecast is 1.6 percent. However, if you exclude the three 

abnormal production seasons (one freeze season and two hurricane seasons), the “Root Mean Square Error” is 1.7 percent. 

This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below the final 

estimates by more than 1.6 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent 

confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.7 percent, or 2.9 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. 

Changes between the June 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 131,000 tons 

(146,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 368,000 tons regardless of exclusions. The June 1 

forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below 5 times and above 12 times, 

excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the June 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or 

overstate final production.
Crop Production (June 2013) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Anthony Prillaman, Head, Field Crops Section.................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Brent Chittenden – Oats, Rye, Wheat.............................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Angie Considine – Peanuts, Rice..................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Chris Hawthorn – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet.............................................................................. (202) 720-9526

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Hay.................................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries..................................... (202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits ........................................ (202) 720-5412

 Dave Losh – Hops............................................................................................................................ (360) 709-2400 

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .............................................. (202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Follow NASS” box under “Receive reports by Email,” 

click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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