Crop

Production

National

Agricultural

Statistics

Service

USDA

Washington, D.C.

Released May 12, 1998, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural

Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For information on “Crop Production” call at

(202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. Forecasts refer to May 1, 1998.

Winter Wheat Production Down 9 Percent

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.71 billion bushels, down 

9 percent from last year. Based on conditions as of May 1, the U.S. yield is

forecast at 41.9 bushels per acre. This is down 3.1 bushels from last year’s

record high average but, if realized, would still be the second highest U.S.

average. Grain area totals 40.7 million acres, down 3 percent from 1997. All

classes of wheat are down from last year with Hard Red showing the largest

percentage drop.

All oranges production for the 1997-98 season is forecast at a record large 

14.0 million tons, the same as the April 1 forecast but up 11 percent from last

season’s previous record large production of 12.7 million tons. Florida's

production forecast remains at 248 million boxes (11.2 million tons), 10 percent

above last season. Florida’s early-midseason forecast is 140 million boxes

(6.30 million boxes), the same as the previous forecast but 4 percent above last

year’s record large production. The Florida Valencia forecast remained

unchanged from last month and is a record large crop of 108 million boxes 

(4.86 million tons), 17 percent above a year ago.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield for the 1997-98 season is

projected at a record high 1.58 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, up from

the 1.56 gallon per box projection of a month ago. The forecast projects the

final yield as reported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association. The early

and midseason portion of the yield for 1997-98 is final at 1.49 gallons per box

compared to 1.52 the previous season. Valencia yield is projected at a record

high 1.70 gallons per box, up from April’s 1.67 projection.

Cr Pr 2-2 (5-98)
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 2 NASS, USDA

This report was approved on May 12, 1998.

 Acting Secretary of Agricultural Statistics Board

 Agriculture Chairperson

 Richard E. Rominger Rich Allen
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 3 NASS, USDA

Contents

 Page

 Tables Narratives

Report Highlights .......................................... -- 1

Wheat, Winter .............................................. 4 31

Wheat, by Class ............................................ 5 --

Wheat, Durum ............................................... 5 32

Hay Stocks ................................................. 6 32

Citrus Fruits .............................................. 7 33

Potatoes, Spring ........................................... 8 35

Almonds .................................................... 8 32

Avocados ................................................... 9 32

Papayas .................................................... 9 33

Bananas .................................................... 10 33

Taro ....................................................... 10 33

Tobacco by Class and Type .................................. 11 35

Tobacco by States .......................................... 15 --

Tobacco - Farm Marketings .................................. 16 --

Cotton ..................................................... 17 35

Cottonseed ................................................. 19 37

Cotton - Boll Counts and Harvesting Loss ................... 20 --

Crop Summary (Domestic Units)

 Area Planted and Harvested ............................ 22 --

 Yield and Production .................................. 23 --

Fruits and Nuts Production (Domestic Units) ................ 24 --

Crop Summary (Metric Units)

 Area Planted and Harvested ............................ 25 --

 Yield and Production .................................. 26 --

Fruits and Nuts Production (Metric Units) .................. 27 --

Crop Moisture Maps ......................................... 28

April Weather Summary ...................................... -- 30

General Crop Comments ...................................... -- 31

Reliability ................................................ -- 38

Report Features ............................................ -- 40
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 4 NASS, USDA

 Winter Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production, by State 

 and United States, 1997 and Forecasted May 1, 1998 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Planted : Area Harvested : Yield : Production 

 State:------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ---- ---- 1,000 Acres ---- --- Bushels --- -- 1,000 Bushels -- 

 : 

AL : 120 100 90 42.0 45.0 4,200 4,050 

AZ : 10 9 9 85.0 80.0 765 720 

AR : 950 820 890 48.0 52.0 39,360 46,280 

CA : 500 400 370 75.0 70.0 30,000 25,900 

CO : 2,950 2,850 2,750 32.0 36.0 91,200 99,000 

DE : 75 73 73 73.0 65.0 5,329 4,745 

FL : 15 15 13 39.0 41.0 585 533 

GA : 290 360 240 44.0 45.0 15,840 10,800 

ID : 820 870 770 80.0 80.0 69,600 61,600 

IL : 1,250 1,150 1,200 61.0 54.0 70,150 64,800 

IN : 700 660 670 58.0 60.0 38,280 40,200 

IA : 30 27 30 42.0 42.0 1,134 1,260 

KS : 10,700 11,000 10,200 46.0 37.0 506,000 377,400 

KY : 750 530 500 54.0 53.0 28,620 26,500 

LA : 100 115 90 37.0 34.0 4,255 3,060 

MD : 225 215 220 68.0 63.0 14,620 13,860 

MI : 580 540 570 62.0 56.0 33,480 31,920 

MN : 60 60 55 32.0 32.0 1,920 1,760 

MS : 150 175 135 43.0 42.0 7,525 5,670 

MO : 1,200 1,040 1,120 55.0 45.0 57,200 50,400 

MT : 1,400 1,450 1,300 39.0 34.0 56,550 44,200 

NE : 1,900 1,900 1,850 37.0 37.0 70,300 68,450 

NV : 7 11 6 100.0 100.0 1,100 600 

NJ : 48 34 44 60.0 54.0 2,040 2,376 

NM : 415 285 265 35.0 27.0 9,975 7,155 

NY : 140 135 135 56.0 58.0 7,560 7,830 

NC : 730 670 650 52.0 47.0 34,840 30,550 

ND : 70 55 65 21.0 30.0 1,155 1,950 

OH : 1,200 1,090 1,160 63.0 62.0 68,670 71,920 

OK : 6,800 5,400 5,400 33.0 32.0 178,200 172,800 

OR : 820 840 790 67.0 65.0 56,280 51,350 

PA : 195 175 190 52.0 53.0 9,100 10,070 

SC : 265 300 255 50.0 40.0 15,000 10,200 

SD : 1,450 1,050 1,350 30.0 35.0 31,500 47,250 

TN : 600 370 400 45.0 44.0 16,650 17,600 

TX : 6,100 4,100 4,000 29.0 30.0 118,900 120,000 

UT : 155 160 150 49.0 50.0 7,840 7,500 

VA : 275 250 240 68.0 60.0 17,000 14,400 

WA : 2,200 2,150 2,100 67.0 64.0 144,050 134,400 

WV : 12 9 10 54.0 55.0 486 550 

WI : 140 135 135 58.0 55.0 7,830 7,425 

WY : 240 235 225 32.0 30.0 7,520 6,750 

 :

US : 46,637 41,813 40,715 45.0 41.9 1,882,609 1,705,784

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 5 NASS, USDA

 Durum Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production, by State 

 and United States, 1996-97 and Forecasted May 1, 1998 1/ 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Harvested : Yield : Production 

 State:------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Acres Bushels ---- 1,000 Bushels --- 

 : 

AZ : 89 140 90.0 90.0 14,760 8,010 12,600 

CA : 144 156 95.0 95.0 13,800 13,680 14,820 

MN : 5 34.0 430 170 

MT : 280 26.0 7,000 7,280 

ND : 2,570 22.0 79,380 56,540 

SD : 19 27.0 720 513 

 :

US : 3,107 27.7 116,090 86,193 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Area harvested for U.S. and northern States will be published in "Acreage"

 released June 30, 1998. Yield and production will be published in "Crop

 Production" released July 10, 1998.

 Wheat: Production by Class, United States, 1996-1997 

 and Forecasted May 1, 1998 1/ 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Winter : Spring : 

 :-------------------------------------------------------------: 

 Year : Hard : Soft : : Hard : : : Total 

 : Red : Red : White : Red : Durum : White : 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Bushels 

 : 

1996 : 761,412 422,019 293,627 630,866 116,090 61,119 2,285,133 

1997 :1,120,891 483,890 277,828 500,643 86,193 57,107 2,526,552 

1998 : 989,560 460,737 255,487 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Wheat class estimates are based on varietal acreage survey data available

 for all wheat producing States. Unless unusual situations dictate, the

 previous end-of-season class percentages are used throughout the forecast

 season.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 6 NASS, USDA

Hay: Stocks on Farms, by State and United States,

December 1 and May 1, 1995-98

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : December 1 : May 1

 State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1995 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Tons

 :

AL : 1,270 1,489 1,489 106 193 173

AZ : 265 82 167 28 28 25

AR : 1,910 1,850 2,000 141 231 250

CA : 2,250 2,594 1,624 361 160 431

CO : 2,390 1,945 1,975 636 203 570

CT : 78 97 57 11 13 14

DE : 9 11 7 1 6 5

FL : 397 437 400 29 31 60

GA : 1,050 924 1,045 150 302 203

ID : 2,794 2,285 2,986 660 286 566

IL : 1,979 1,350 1,400 432 304 503

IN : 1,584 1,131 1,213 216 162 327

IA : 4,079 3,500 3,360 736 715 640

KS : 4,590 5,600 5,600 787 841 889

KY : 4,806 4,334 4,352 492 627 727

LA : 513 502 541 15 126 83

ME : 272 202 166 126 57 28

MD : 265 433 360 55 84 52

MA : 115 95 92 17 13 17

MI : 3,166 2,514 2,000 754 460 402

MN : 4,374 4,018 3,700 694 540 620

MS : 1,368 1,620 1,522 50 160 190

MO : 6,000 6,159 6,115 955 830 863

MT : 4,931 4,674 5,042 858 492 1,151

NE : 4,813 5,063 4,360 1,325 968 1,171

NV : 750 752 711 166 60 151

NH : 82 70 42 16 12 8

NJ : 131 92 138 48 27 20

NM : 600 590 540 40 80 190

NY : 2,069 2,254 1,956 552 555 338

NC : 900 970 990 116 115 130

ND : 5,044 4,777 3,841 1,019 675 695

OH : 2,421 2,074 2,400 323 173 600

OK : 3,600 4,500 4,400 500 800 900

OR : 2,310 2,108 1,653 264 97 641

PA : 2,513 2,613 2,100 617 600 415

RI : 6 7 8 1 1 1

SC : 468 308 390 72 101 78

SD : 8,960 8,530 8,180 3,077 1,570 2,100

TN : 3,136 3,049 3,184 235 419 555

TX : 7,322 6,252 8,632 570 1,400 2,158

UT : 1,481 1,327 1,630 349 302 435

VT : 391 330 267 100 86 75

VA : 2,185 2,698 1,567 257 630 254

WA : 1,410 1,162 1,373 426 283 327

WV : 855 895 813 53 117 106

WI : 4,900 4,600 4,000 1,569 1,150 1,150

WY : 2,636 1,965 2,129 734 287 363

 :

US : 109,438 104,832 102,517 20,739 17,372 21,650

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 7 NASS, USDA

 

 Citrus Fruits: Utilized Production by Crop, State, and United States, 

 1995-96, 1996-97 and Forecasted May 1, 1998 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Utilized Production : Utilized Production 

 : Boxes : Ton Equivalent 

 Crop and State :-----------------------------------------------------------

 : 1995-96 : 1996-97 : 1997-98 : 1995-96 : 1996-97 : 1997-98 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ------ 1,000 Boxes 2/ ----- ------- 1,000 Tons ------- 

Oranges : 

 Early Mid & : 

 Navel 3/ : 

 AZ 4/ : 700 400 450 27 15 17 

 CA 4/ : 38,000 40,000 44,000 1,426 1,500 1,650 

 FL : 121,200 134,200 140,000 5,454 6,039 6,300 

 TX : 830 1,300 1,400 35 55 60 

 US : 160,730 175,900 185,850 6,942 7,609 8,027 

 Valencia : 

 AZ 4/ : 950 600 550 36 23 21 

 CA 4/ : 20,000 24,000 30,000 750 900 1,125 

 FL : 82,100 92,000 108,000 3,695 4,140 4,860 

 TX : 110 120 170 4 5 7 

 US : 103,160 116,720 138,720 4,485 5,068 6,013 

 All : 

 AZ 4/ : 1,650 1,000 1,000 63 38 38 

 CA 4/ : 58,000 64,000 74,000 2,176 2,400 2,775 

 FL : 203,300 226,200 248,000 9,149 10,179 11,160 

 TX : 940 1,420 1,570 39 60 67 

 US : 263,890 292,620 324,570 11,427 12,677 14,040 

Temples : 

 FL : 2,150 2,400 2,250 97 108 101 

Grapefruit : 

 White Seedless : 

 FL 5/ : 23,200 23,500 18,400 986 999 782 

 Colored Seedless : 

 FL 5/ : 28,100 31,400 30,000 1,194 1,334 1,275 

 Other : 

 FL : 1,050 900 600 45 38 26 

 All : 

 AZ 4/ : 1,200 900 800 40 30 27 

 CA 4/ : 8,100 8,200 9,000 271 275 302 

 FL 5/ : 52,350 55,800 49,000 2,225 2,371 2,083 

 TX : 4,550 5,300 4,600 182 212 184 

 US : 66,200 70,200 63,400 2,718 2,888 2,596 

Tangerines : 

 AZ 4/ : 1,000 550 500 38 21 19 

 CA 4/ : 2,600 2,600 2,400 98 98 90 

 FL : 4,500 6,300 5,250 213 299 249 

 US : 8,100 9,450 8,150 349 418 358 

Lemons 4/ : 

 AZ : 5,100 2,600 2,600 194 99 99 

 CA : 21,000 20,000 22,000 798 760 836 

 US : 26,100 22,600 24,600 992 859 935 

Tangelos : 

 FL : 2,450 3,950 2,850 110 178 128 

K-Early Citrus : 

 FL : 160 150 40 7 7 2 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes on next page. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 8 NASS, USDA

 

 Citrus Fruit Footnotes 

1/ The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with 

 the completion of harvest the following year. 

2/ Net lbs. per box: oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-AZ & CA-67,

 FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos, K-Early Citrus & Temples-90; 

 tangerines-AZ & CA-75, FL-95. 

3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in AZ and CA. Early (including Navel) and

 midseason varieties in FL and TX. Small quantities of tangerines in TX. 

4/ Estimates for current year carried forward from earlier forecast. 

5/ Excludes economic abandonment in 1995-96 of 3,000,000 boxes of Colored 

 Seedless; in 1996-97 of 3,000,000 boxes of White Seedless and 3,000,000 

 boxes of Colored Seedless. 

 

 Spring Potatoes: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

 and United States, 1996-97 and Forecasted May 1, 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Harvested : Yield : Production 

 State :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Acres ---- Cwt --- -------- 1,000 Cwt ------- 

 : 

AL : 1.5 1.7 175 165 304 263 281 

AZ : 6.2 8.2 275 235 2,475 1,705 1,927 

CA : 20.7 18.9 400 335 7,538 8,280 6,332 

FL : 33.3 34.5 199 178 7,765 6,641 6,155 

 Hastings : 24.5 24.5 210 190 6,325 5,145 4,655 

 Other FL : 8.8 10.0 170 150 1,440 1,496 1,500 

NC : 16.5 17.0 200 185 3,230 3,300 3,145 

TX : 8.0 9.5 195 170 1,105 1,560 1,615 

 : 

US : 86.2 89.8 252 217 22,417 21,749 19,455 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

 Almonds (shelled basis): Utilized Production, 

 California, 1996-97 and Forecasted May 1, 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Utilized Production 

 State :-----------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 1/ : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Pounds 

 : 

CA : 510,000 757,000 550,000 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Revised. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 9 NASS, USDA

 

 Avocados: Bearing Acreage, Yield, Production, Price, 

 and Value, Florida and Hawaii, 1996-98 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Bearing : Yield : Production : Utilization 

 Year : Acreage : per :-----------------------------------------------

 : 1/ : Acre : Total : Utilized : Fresh : Processed 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Acres ---------------------- Tons --------------------- 

 : 

FL : 

 1996-97 : 5,700 4.12 23,500 23,500 23,500 

 1997-98 : 5,700 4.21 24,000 24,000 24,000 

 : 

HI : 

 1996-97 : 180 1.11 200 200 200 

 1997-98 : 220 1.14 250 250 250 

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Price per Ton : Value of Production 

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Fresh :Processed: All : Fresh : Processed : All 

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ----------- Dollars ---------- -------- 1,000 Dollars ------- 

 : 

FL : 

 1996-97 : 528.00 528.00 12,408 12,408 

 1997-98 : 584.00 584.00 14,016 14,016 

 : 

HI : 

 1996-97 : 1,070.00 1,070.00 214 214 

 1997-98 : 1,060.00 1,060.00 265 265 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Bearing acreage estimates are based on periodic orchard inventory surveys. 

 

 

 Papayas: Area and Fresh Production by Month, Hawaii, 1997-98 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area : Fresh Production 

 :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 Month : Total in Crop : Harvested : : 

 :---------------------------------------------: 1997 : 1998 

 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 : : 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ---------------- Acres ---------------- 1,000 Pounds 

 : 

Mar : 4,310 3,200 2,115 2,110 2,915 2,760 

Apr : 4,310 3,200 2,120 2,140 2,720 3,015 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 10 NASS, USDA

 

 Bananas, Papayas, and Taro: Area Harvested, Yield, 

 and Production, Hawaii, 1996-97 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Harvested : Yield 

 Crop :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : -------- Acres ------- -------- Pounds ------- 

 : 

Bananas : 1,040 1,020 12,500 13,400 

Papayas 2/ : 1,835 1,985 22,800 19,500 

Taro 3/ : 530 450 

 :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Total Production : Utilized Production 

 :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

 :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Pounds 

 : 

Bananas 4/ : 13,000 13,700 

Papayas 4/ : 41,800 38,800 

Taro : 5,700 5,500 5,700 5,500 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ 1997 revised. 

2/ Area harvested is average during the year. 

3/ Acreage is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. Yield is not 

 estimated. 

4/ Only utilized production is estimated. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 11 NASS, USDA

 

 Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class, 

 Type, State, and United States, 1996-97 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Harvested : Yield : Production 

 Class and Type :---------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ----- Acres ----- --- Pounds -- --- 1,000 Pounds -- 

 : 

Class 1, Flue-cured : 

 Type 11, Old Belts : 

 NC : 76,000 90,000 2,120 2,025 161,120 182,250 

 VA : 37,700 41,000 2,235 2,315 84,260 94,915 

 US : 113,700 131,000 2,158 2,116 245,380 277,165 

 Type 12, Eastern NC : 

 Belt : 

 NC : 167,000 179,000 2,025 2,445 338,175 437,655 

 Type 13, NC Border & : 

 SC Belt : 

 NC : 37,000 40,000 1,980 2,455 73,260 98,200 

 SC : 51,000 54,000 2,310 2,340 117,810 126,360 

 US : 88,000 94,000 2,171 2,389 191,070 224,560 

 Type 14, GA-FL Belt : 

 FL : 7,500 7,300 2,680 2,610 20,100 19,053 

 GA : 46,000 43,000 2,470 2,075 113,620 89,225 

 US : 53,500 50,300 2,499 2,153 133,720 108,278 

 Total 11-14 : 422,200 454,300 2,151 2,306 908,345 1,047,658 

Class 2, Fire-cured : 

 Type 21, VA Belt : 

 VA : 1,100 1,200 1,580 1,640 1,738 1,968 

 Type 22, Eastern : 

 District : 

 KY : 3,800 3,750 2,720 2,560 10,336 9,600 

 TN : 7,500 7,400 2,550 2,480 19,125 18,352 

 US : 11,300 11,150 2,607 2,507 29,461 27,952 

 Type 23, Western : 

 District : 

 KY : 3,600 3,600 3,160 2,970 11,376 10,692 

 TN : 580 600 2,850 2,750 1,653 1,650 

 US : 4,180 4,200 3,117 2,939 13,029 12,342 

 Total 21-23 : 16,580 16,550 2,668 2,554 44,228 42,262 

Class 3, Air-cured : 

 Class 3A, Light : 

 Air-cured : 

 Type 31, Burley : 

 IN : 7,600 8,900 1,970 2,100 14,972 18,690 

 KY : 185,000 220,000 1,980 2,140 366,300 470,800 

 MO : 2,700 3,000 2,230 2,345 6,021 7,035 

 NC : 7,800 8,400 1,665 1,585 12,987 13,314 

 OH : 8,000 11,400 1,580 1,960 12,640 22,300 

 TN : 46,000 51,000 1,915 1,830 88,090 93,330 

 VA : 9,500 10,800 1,835 1,905 17,433 20,574 

 WV : 1,700 1,800 1,200 1,700 2,040 3,060 

 US : 268,300 315,300 1,940 2,059 520,483 649,103 

 Type 32, Southern MD : 

 Belt : 

 MD : 8,000 8,000 1,250 1,500 10,000 12,000 

 PA 2/ : 3,200 3,000 1,900 1,900 6,080 5,700 

 US : 11,200 11,000 1,436 1,609 16,080 17,700 

 Total 31-32 : 279,500 326,300 1,920 2,044 536,563 666,803 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. --continued
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 12 NASS, USDA

 

 Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class, Type, 

 State, and United States, 1996-97 1/ (continued) 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Harvested : Yield : Production 

 Class and Type :---------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ----- Acres ----- --- Pounds -- --- 1,000 Pounds --- 

 : 

Class 3, Air-cured : 

Class 3B, Dark : 

 Air-cured : 

 Type 35, One Sucker : 

 Belt : 

 KY : 2,100 2,050 2,340 2,290 4,914 4,695 

 TN : 480 480 2,125 2,000 1,020 960 

 US : 2,580 2,530 2,300 2,235 5,934 5,655 

 Type 36, Green River : 

 Belt : 

 KY : 1,200 1,100 2,180 2,310 2,616 2,541 

 Type 37, VA Sun-cured: 

 Belt : 

 VA : 70 80 1,600 1,485 112 119 

 Total 35-37 : 3,850 3,710 2,250 2,241 8,662 8,315 

Class 4, Cigar Filler : 

 Type 41, PA Seedleaf : 

 PA : 4,600 4,600 2,040 2,100 9,384 9,660 

Class 5, Cigar Binder : 

 Class 5A, CT Valley : 

 Binder : 

 Type 51, CT Valley : 

 Broadleaf : 

 CT : 1,220 1,230 1,840 1,730 2,245 2,128 

 MA : 410 780 1,600 1,850 656 1,443 

 US : 1,630 2,010 1,780 1,777 2,901 3,571 

 Class 5B, WI Binder : 

 Type 54, Southern WI: 

 WI : 1,900 1,800 1,900 2,330 3,610 4,194 

 Type 55, Northern WI: 

 WI : 970 750 1,600 1,995 1,552 1,496 

 Total 54-55 : 2,870 2,550 1,799 2,231 5,162 5,690 

 Total 51-55 : 4,500 4,560 1,792 2,031 8,063 9,261 

Class 6, Cigar Wrapper: 

 Type 61, CT Valley : 

 Shade-grown : 

 CT : 1,040 1,040 1,490 1,415 1,550 1,472 

 MA : 390 420 1,425 1,510 556 634 

 US : 1,430 1,460 1,473 1,442 2,106 2,106 

All Cigar Types : 

 Total 41-61 : 10,530 10,620 1,857 1,980 19,553 21,027 

 : 

All Tobacco : 732,660 811,480 2,071 2,201 1,517,351 1,786,065 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ 1997 revised. 

2/ Estimates carried forward from "Crop Production" Annual Summary released 

 January 13, 1998. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 13 NASS, USDA

 

 Tobacco: Price and Value by Class, Type, 

 State, and United States, 1996-97 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Price per : Value of 

 : Pound : Production 

 Class and Type :---------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ----- Dollars ----- ----- 1,000 Dollars ---- 

 : 

Class 1, Flue-cured : 

 Type 11, Old Belts : 

 NC : 1.860 1.710 299,683 311,648 

 VA : 1.871 1.727 157,650 163,918 

 US : 1.864 1.716 457,333 475,566 

 Type 12, Eastern NC : 

 Belt : 

 NC : 1.830 1.720 618,860 752,767 

 Type 13, NC Border & : 

 SC Belt : 

 NC : 1.810 1.720 132,601 168,904 

 SC : 1.822 1.735 214,650 219,235 

 US : 1.817 1.728 347,251 388,139 

 Type 14, GA-FL Belt : 

 FL : 1.808 1.721 36,341 32,790 

 GA : 1.813 1.712 205,993 152,753 

 US : 1.812 1.714 242,334 185,543 

 Total 11-14 : 1.834 1.720 1,665,778 1,802,015 

Class 2, Fire-cured : 

 Type 21, VA Belt : 

 VA : 1.790 2.125 3,111 4,182 

 Type 22, Eastern : 

 District : 

 KY : 2.246 2.268 23,215 21,773 

 TN : 2.252 2.260 43,070 41,476 

 US : 2.250 2.263 66,285 63,249 

 Type 23, Western : 

 District : 

 KY : 2.233 2.242 25,403 23,971 

 TN : 2.227 2.226 3,681 3,673 

 US : 2.232 2.240 29,084 27,644 

 Total 21-23 : 2.227 2.250 98,480 95,075 

Class 3, Air-cured : 

 Class 3A, Light : 

 Air-cured : 

 Type 31, Burley : 

 IN : 1.920 1.870 28,746 34,950 

 KY : 1.922 1.886 704,029 887,929 

 MO : 1.918 1.895 11,548 13,331 

 NC : 1.920 1.860 24,935 24,764 

 OH : 1.926 1.869 24,345 41,679 

 TN : 1.920 1.886 169,133 176,020 

 VA : 1.920 1.903 33,471 39,152 

 WV : 1.923 1.878 3,923 5,747 

 US : 1.922 1.885 1,000,130 1,223,572 

 Type 32, Southern MD : 

 Belt : 

 MD : 1.920 1.720 19,200 20,640 

 PA : 1.750 1.300 10,640 7,410 

 US : 1.856 1.585 29,840 28,050 

 Total 31-32 : 1.920 1.877 1,029,970 1,251,622 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table. --continued
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 14 NASS, USDA

 

 Tobacco: Price and Value by Class, Type, State, 

 and United States, 1996-97 1/ (continued) 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Price per : Value of 

 : Pound : Production 

 Class and Type :---------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ----- Dollars ----- ----- 1,000 Dollars ---- 

 : 

Class 3, Air-cured : 

Class 3B, Dark : 

 Air-cured : 

 Type 35, One Sucker : 

 Belt : 

 KY : 1.945 2.011 9,558 9,442 

 TN : 1.915 2.003 1,953 1,923 

 US : 1.940 2.010 11,511 11,365 

 Type 36, Green River : 

 Belt : 

 KY : 1.979 2.034 5,177 5,168 

 Type 37, VA Sun-cured: 

 Belt : 

 VA : 1.782 1.908 200 227 

 Total 35-37 : 1.950 2.016 16,888 16,760 

Class 4, Cigar Filler : 

 Type 41, PA Seedleaf : 

 PA : 1.550 1.600 14,545 15,456 

Class 5, Cigar Binder : 

 Class 5A, CT Valley : 

 Binder : 

 Type 51, CT Valley : 

 Broadleaf : 

 CT : 6.200 6.000 13,919 12,768 

 MA : 6.550 9.500 4,297 13,709 

 US : 6.280 7.414 18,216 26,477 

 Class 5B, WI Binder : 

 Type 54, Southern WI: 

 WI : 1.480 1.500 5,343 6,291 

 Type 55, Northern WI: 

 WI : 1.500 1.520 2,328 2,274 

 Total 54-55 : 1.486 1.505 7,671 8,565 

 Total 51-55 : 3.211 3.784 25,887 35,042 

Class 6, Cigar Wrapper: 

 Type 61, CT Valley : 

 Shade-grown : 

 CT 2/ : 

 MA 2/ : 

 US 2/ : 

All Cigar Types : 

 Total 41-55 2/ : 2.317 2.669 40,432 50,498 

 : 

All Tobacco 2/ : 1.882 1.803 2,851,548 3,215,970 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ 1997 revised. 

2/ CT and MA Type 61 price and value not published to avoid disclosure; not 

 included in All Cigar Types or All Tobacco. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 15 NASS, USDA

 

 Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value 

 by State and United States, 1996-97 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Harvested : Yield : Production 

 State :-----------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ------ Acres ------ ---- Pounds --- ----- 1,000 Pounds ---- 

 : 

CT : 2,260 2,270 1,679 1,586 3,795 3,600 

FL : 7,500 7,300 2,680 2,610 20,100 19,053 

GA : 46,000 43,000 2,470 2,075 113,620 89,225 

IN : 7,600 8,900 1,970 2,100 14,972 18,690 

KY : 195,700 230,500 2,021 2,162 395,542 498,328 

MD : 8,000 8,000 1,250 1,500 10,000 12,000 

MA : 800 1,200 1,515 1,731 1,212 2,077 

MO : 2,700 3,000 2,230 2,345 6,021 7,035 

NC : 287,800 317,400 2,035 2,304 585,542 731,419 

OH : 8,000 11,400 1,580 1,956 12,640 22,300 

PA : 7,800 7,600 1,983 2,021 15,464 15,360 

SC : 51,000 54,000 2,310 2,340 117,810 126,360 

TN : 54,560 59,480 2,014 1,922 109,888 114,292 

VA : 48,370 53,080 2,141 2,215 103,543 117,576 

WV : 1,700 1,800 1,200 1,700 2,040 3,060 

WI : 2,870 2,550 1,799 2,231 5,162 5,690 

 : 

US : 732,660 811,480 2,071 2,201 1,517,351 1,786,065 

 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Price : Value of 

 : per Pound : Production 

 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------

 : ------- Dollars ------- ------ 1,000 Dollars ------ 

 : 

CT 2/ : 6.200 6.000 13,919 12,768 

FL : 1.808 1.721 36,341 32,790 

GA : 1.813 1.712 205,993 152,753 

IN : 1.920 1.870 28,746 34,950 

KY : 1.940 1.903 767,382 948,283 

MD : 1.920 1.720 19,200 20,640 

MA 2/ : 6.550 9.500 4,297 13,709 

MO : 1.918 1.895 11,548 13,331 

NC : 1.838 1.720 1,076,079 1,258,083 

OH : 1.926 1.869 24,345 41,679 

PA : 1.629 1.489 25,185 22,866 

SC : 1.822 1.735 214,650 219,235 

TN : 1.982 1.952 217,837 223,092 

VA : 1.878 1.765 194,432 207,479 

WV : 1.923 1.878 3,923 5,747 

WI : 1.486 1.505 7,671 8,565 

 : 

US : 1.882 1.803 2,851,548 3,215,970 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ 1997 revised. 

2/ CT and MA Type 61 price and value not published to avoid disclosure; not 

 included in U.S. total. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 16 NASS, USDA

 

 Tobacco: Farm Marketings, Percent of Sales by Class, 

 Month, and State, 1997 Marketing Year 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Class : 1997 : 1998 

 and :-------------------------------------------------------------------

 State : Jul : Aug : Sep : Oct : Nov : Dec : Jan : Feb : Mar : Apr : Total 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Percent 

 : 

Flue-cured : 

 FL : 16 32 35 17 100 

 GA : 16 31 36 17 100 

 NC : 3 21 34 36 6 100 

 SC : 13 32 34 21 100 

 VA : 17 31 38 14 100 

 : 

Fire-cured : 

 VA : 80 20 100 

 KY : 39 53 7 1 100 

 TN : 38 51 11 100 

 : 

Air-cured : 

 IN : 10 37 31 14 4 4 100 

 KY : 12 43 29 10 3 3 100 

 MD : 60 40 100 

 MO : 24 46 30 100 

 NC : 17 60 22 1 100 

 OH : 9 41 37 12 1 100 

 PA 1/ : 

 TN : 16 57 21 5 1 100 

 VA : 19 66 15 100 

 WV : 20 52 26 2 100 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Sales by month are not available. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 17 NASS, USDA

 Cotton: Area Planted and Harvested and Yield 

 by Type, State, and United States, 1996-97 1/ 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area : Area : 

 Type : Planted : Harvested : Yield 

 and :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 State : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : -------------- 1,000 Acres ------------- ----- Pounds ----- 

 : 

Upland : 

 AL : 520.0 535.0 516.0 442.0 734 597 

 AZ : 315.0 325.0 314.0 324.0 1,189 1,255 

 AR : 1,000.0 950.0 990.0 940.0 793 859 

 CA : 1,000.0 880.0 995.0 875.0 1,153 1,202 

 FL : 99.0 100.0 98.2 99.0 637 577 

 GA : 1,340.0 1,440.0 1,336.0 1,425.0 747 646 

 KS : 4.5 12.0 4.0 10.0 492 418 

 LA : 890.0 630.0 885.0 625.0 697 757 

 MS : 1,120.0 985.0 1,100.0 970.0 819 901 

 MO : 390.0 380.0 385.0 375.0 737 723 

 NM : 59.0 70.0 55.0 66.0 733 676 

 NC : 721.0 670.0 710.0 665.0 677 671 

 OK : 290.0 200.0 210.0 190.0 306 462 

 SC : 284.0 290.0 282.0 285.0 774 691 

 TN : 540.0 490.0 530.0 480.0 611 662 

 TX : 5,700.0 5,500.0 4,100.0 5,150.0 509 479 

 VA : 103.0 101.0 102.0 100.0 748 659 

 :

 US : 14,375.5 13,558.0 12,612.2 13,021.0 701 673 

 :

Amer-Pima: 

 AZ : 42.0 22.0 41.9 22.0 852 912 

 CA : 165.0 185.0 164.0 184.0 1,098 1,141 

 NM : 14.0 11.0 14.0 11.0 651 641 

 TX : 37.0 32.0 36.0 32.0 801 815 

 :

 US : 258.0 250.0 255.9 249.0 991 1,056 

 :

All : 

 AL : 520.0 535.0 516.0 442.0 734 597 

 AZ : 357.0 347.0 355.9 346.0 1,150 1,233 

 AR : 1,000.0 950.0 990.0 940.0 793 859 

 CA : 1,165.0 1,065.0 1,159.0 1,059.0 1,145 1,191 

 FL : 99.0 100.0 98.2 99.0 637 577 

 GA : 1,340.0 1,440.0 1,336.0 1,425.0 747 646 

 KS : 4.5 12.0 4.0 10.0 492 418 

 LA : 890.0 630.0 885.0 625.0 697 757 

 MS : 1,120.0 985.0 1,100.0 970.0 819 901 

 MO : 390.0 380.0 385.0 375.0 737 723 

 NM : 73.0 81.0 69.0 77.0 717 671 

 NC : 721.0 670.0 710.0 665.0 677 671 

 OK : 290.0 200.0 210.0 190.0 306 462 

 SC : 284.0 290.0 282.0 285.0 774 691 

 TN : 540.0 490.0 530.0 480.0 611 662 

 TX : 5,737.0 5,532.0 4,136.0 5,182.0 511 481 

 VA : 103.0 101.0 102.0 100.0 748 659 

 :

 US : 14,633.5 13,808.0 12,868.1 13,270.0 707 680 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ 1997 revised.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 18 NASS, USDA

 Cotton: Production and Bales Ginned by Type, 

 State, and United States, 1996-97 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Production in : Lint- : Bales Ginned in 

 Type : 480-lb Net Weight : seed : 480-lb Net Weight 

 and : Bales 1/ : Ratio 2/ : Bales 3/ 

 State :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 4/ : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : --- 1,000 Bales --- -------- Bales --------

 : 

Upland : 

 AL : 789.0 550.0 781,700 545,900 

 AZ : 778.0 847.0 762,200 824,550 

 AR : 1,636.0 1,683.0 1,621,350 1,654,750 

 CA : 2,390.0 2,191.0 2,404,250 2,212,950 

 FL 5/ : 130.4 119.1 

 GA : 2,079.0 1,919.0 2,102,850 1,942,100 

 KS 5/ : 4.1 8.7 

 LA : 1,286.0 986.0 1,322,150 1,022,000 

 MS : 1,876.0 1,821.0 1,866,450 1,808,400 

 MO : 591.0 565.0 565,500 555,350 

 NM : 84.0 93.0 75,250 69,250 

 NC : 1,002.0 930.0 1,013,700 941,150 

 OK : 134.0 183.0 127,650 180,550 

 SC : 455.0 410.0 440,800 395,750 

 TN : 675.0 662.0 677,400 660,600 

 TX : 4,345.0 5,140.0 4,354,150 5,164,750 

 VA : 159.0 137.2 155,250 133,050 

 :

 US : 18,413.5 18,245.0 18,400,550 18,239,650 

 :

Amer-Pima: 

 AZ : 74.4 41.8 74,800 42,350 

 CA : 375.0 437.2 374,150 436,600 

 NM : 19.0 14.7 14,650 10,500 

 TX : 60.1 54.3 64,400 58,500 

 :

 US : 528.5 548.0 528,000 547,950 

 :

All : 

 AL : 789.0 550.0 781,700 545,900 

 AZ : 852.4 888.8 837,000 866,900 

 AR : 1,636.0 1,683.0 0.378 0.383 1,621,350 1,654,750 

 CA : 2,765.0 2,628.2 0.394 0.396 2,778,400 2,649,550 

 FL 5/ : 130.4 119.1 

 GA : 2,079.0 1,919.0 2,102,850 1,942,100 

 KS 5/ : 4.1 8.7 

 LA : 1,286.0 986.0 0.393 0.392 1,322,150 1,022,000 

 MS : 1,876.0 1,821.0 0.379 0.380 1,866,450 1,808,400 

 MO : 591.0 565.0 565,500 555,350 

 NM : 103.0 107.7 89,900 79,750 

 NC : 1,002.0 930.0 1,013,700 941,150 

 OK : 134.0 183.0 127,650 180,550 

 SC : 455.0 410.0 440,800 395,750 

 TN : 675.0 662.0 677,400 660,600 

 TX : 4,405.1 5,194.3 0.368 0.377 4,418,550 5,223,250 

 VA : 159.0 137.2 155,250 133,050 

 :

 US : 18,942.0 18,793.0 18,928,550 18,787,600 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Production ginned and to be ginned.

2/ Estimates available only for the five states shown. Three-year average.

3/ Equivalent 480-lb net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-State

 movement.

4/ 1997 revised.

5/ Bales withheld to avoid disclosure of individual gins, but are included in

 U.S. totals.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 19 NASS, USDA

Cottonseed: Production and Farm Disposition,

by State and United States, 1996-97 1/

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : : Farm Disposition :

 : :-----------------------------------:

 : : Sales to : : Used for

State: Production : Oil Mills : Other 2/ : Planting 3/

 :--------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1996 : 1997 : 1997 : 1998

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Tons

 :

AL : 273.0 196.0 95.0 87.0 178.0 109.0 6.2 5.8

AZ : 324.0 312.0 124.0 73.0 200.0 239.0 3.1 2.4

AR : 635.0 632.0 596.0 528.0 39.0 104.0 9.0 7.9

CA :1,020.0 942.0 134.0 153.0 886.0 789.0 9.1 8.4

FL : 46.0 45.0 26.0 31.0 20.0 14.0 1.1 1.0

GA : 681.0 660.0 329.0 332.0 352.0 328.0 17.3 16.2

KS : 1.4 3.1 1.4 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

LA : 499.0 359.0 340.0 206.0 159.0 153.0 5.7 5.1

MS : 735.0 704.0 681.0 660.0 54.0 44.0 9.9 8.6

MO : 234.0 223.0 188.0 148.0 46.0 75.0 4.0 4.4

NM : 38.1 40.5 6.8 2.3 31.3 38.2 0.8 0.7

NC : 343.0 321.0 38.0 63.0 305.0 258.0 6.0 5.6

OK : 56.0 72.0 52.0 56.0 4.0 16.0 2.2 2.0

SC : 155.0 142.0 100.0 89.0 55.0 53.0 2.0 1.8

TN : 262.0 260.0 212.0 208.0 50.0 52.0 5.1 4.7

TX :1,784.0 1,983.0 1,440.0 1,543.0 344.0 440.0 55.3 56.3

VA : 57.0 40.0 0.0 0.0 57.0 40.0 0.9 0.9

 :

US :7,143.5 6,934.6 4,363.2 4,182.4 2,780.3 2,752.2 137.8 132.0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ 1996 crop revised, 1997 crop preliminary.

2/ Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, loss

 and other uses.

3/ Included in "other" farm disposition. Planting seed from previous

 years' crops.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 20 NASS, USDA

Cotton: Cumulative Large Bolls and Harvesting Loss

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted cotton objective yield

surveys in 5 States which accounted for 65 percent of the 1997 U.S. Upland

cotton production. Plots were randomly selected from a scientific sample of

cotton fields. Two sample plots per field were visited monthly from about

August 1 through harvest to obtain specific counts and measurements. The "large

bolls" are total bolls counted from August through harvest. This count includes

only bolls greater than one inch in diameter and burrs.

Cotton: Cumulative Large Bolls and Harvesting Loss

by State, 1988-1997

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Arkansas : California

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 Year : : Harvest : : Harvest 

 : Large Bolls : Loss : Large Bolls : Loss 

 : 1/ : Per Acre : 1/ : Per Acre

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Number Pounds Number Pounds

 :

1988 : 717 63 797 137

1989 : 578 57 802 125

1990 : 669 74 843 131

1991 : 782 89 814 110

1992 : 817 73 819 116

1993 : 753 105 839 122

1994 : 812 83 806 133

1995 : 689 66 680 105

1996 : 741 64 758 165

1997 : 783 101 714 103

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Louisiana : Mississippi

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 :

1988 : 710 73 726 86

1989 : 708 83 710 90

1990 : 888 78 693 93

1991 : 770 68 726 90

1992 : 875 60 708 84

1993 : 661 65 608 76

1994 : 748 75 760 99

1995 : 615 49 607 78

1996 : 623 52 741 82

1997 : 670 45 868 76

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Total large bolls in 40 feet of row. -- continued
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 21 NASS, USDA

Cotton: Cumulative Large Bolls and Harvesting Loss

by State, 1988-97 (continued)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Texas

 :---------------------------------------------------------------------

 Year : : Harvest 

 : Large Bolls : Loss 

 : 1/ : Per Acre

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Number Pounds

 :

1988 : 463 34

1989 : 369 32

1990 : 489 39

1991 : 430 41

1992 : 489 53

1993 : 489 36

1994 : 486 41

1995 : 415 36

1996 : 505 39

1997 : 508 27

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Total large bolls in 40 feet of row.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 22 NASS, USDA

 

 Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 1997-98 

 (Domestic Units) 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Planted : Area Harvested 

 Crop :-----------------------------------------------

 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : 1,000 Acres 

 : 

Grains & Hay : 

 Barley : 6,910.0 6,780.0 6,425.0 

 Corn for Grain 2/ : 80,227.0 80,781.0 73,720.0 

 Corn for Silage : 5,758.0 

 Hay, All : 60,815.0 60,735.0 

 Alfalfa : 23,673.0 

 All Other : 37,142.0 

 Oats : 5,169.0 5,154.0 2,911.0 3,058.0 

 Rice : 3,056.0 3,085.0 3,034.0 

 Rye : 1,433.0 1,551.0 341.0 

 Sorghum for Grain 2/ : 10,108.0 9,015.0 9,391.0 

 Sorghum for Silage : 310.0 

 Wheat, All : 70,989.0 67,027.0 63,577.0 

 Winter : 48,342.0 46,637.0 41,813.0 40,715.0 

 Durum : 3,250.0 4,075.0 3,107.0 

 Other Spring : 19,397.0 16,315.0 18,657.0 

 : 

Oilseeds : 

 Canola : 728.0 698.0 

 Cottonseed : 

 Flaxseed : 146.0 280.0 135.0 

 Mustard Seed : 74.4 72.8 

 Peanuts : 1,431.0 1,474.5 1,410.8 

 Rapeseed : 1.7 1.5 

 Safflower : 249.0 235.0 

 Soybeans for Beans : 70,850.0 72,000.0 69,884.0 

 Sunflower : 2,949.0 3,148.0 2,852.0 

 : 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : 

 Cotton, All : 13,808.0 13,215.0 13,270.0 

 Upland : 13,558.0 12,948.0 13,021.0 

 Amer-Pima : 250.0 267.0 249.0 

 Sugarbeets : 1,459.2 1,496.7 1,427.8 

 Sugarcane : 915.5 

 Tobacco : 811.5 733.8 

 : 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : 

 Austrian Winter Peas : 8.1 7.6 

 Dry Edible Beans : 1,851.8 1,940.3 1,720.2 

 Dry Edible Peas : 293.6 276.6 

 Lentils : 181.0 172.0 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas : 

 : 

Potatoes & Misc. : 

 Coffee (HI) : 5.6 

 Ginger Root (HI) : 0.3 

 Hops : 43.3 

 Peppermint Oil : 136.3 

 Potatoes, All : 1,362.0 1,325.5 

 Winter : 15.6 15.5 15.4 15.0 

 Spring : 88.3 93.2 86.2 89.8 

 Summer : 68.6 65.9 

 Fall : 1,189.5 1,158.0 

 Spearmint Oil : 24.5 

 Sweet Potatoes : 86.9 85.7 83.5 

 Taro (HI) 3/ : 0.5 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or 

 from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 1998 crop 

 year. 

2/ Area planted for all purposes. 

3/ Acreage is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 23 NASS, USDA

 

 Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 1997-98 

 (Domestic Units) 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : : Yield : Production 

 Crop :Unit :-------------------------------------------

 : : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : : ------- 1,000 ------ 

 : : 

Grains & Hay : : 

 Barley : Bu : 58.3 374,478 

 Corn for Grain : " : 127.0 9,365,574 

 Corn for Silage : Ton : 16.0 91,903 

 Hay, All : " : 2.50 152,120 

 Alfalfa : " : 3.35 79,242 

 All Other : " : 1.96 72,878 

 Oats : Bu : 60.5 176,104 

 Rice 2/ : Cwt : 5,896 178,896 

 Rye : Bu : 26.1 8,912 

 Sorghum for Grain : " : 69.5 653,106 

 Sorghum for Silage : Ton : 12.5 3,885 

 Wheat, All : Bu : 39.7 2,526,552 

 Winter : " : 45.0 41.9 1,882,609 1,705,784

 Durum : " : 27.7 86,193 

 Other Spring : " : 29.9 557,750 

 : : 

Oilseeds : : 

 Canola : Lb : 1,310 914,385 

 Cottonseed : Ton : 6,935 

 Flaxseed : Bu : 16.1 2,171 

 Mustard Seed : Lb : 816 59,405 

 Peanuts : " : 2,507 3,537,050 

 Rapeseed : " : 1,300 1,950 

 Safflower : " : 1,830 430,050 

 Soybeans for Beans : Bu : 39.0 2,727,254 

 Sunflower : Lb : 1,320 3,763,428 

 : : 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : : 

 Cotton, All 2/ : Bale: 680 18,793.0 

 Upland 2/ : " : 673 18,245.0 

 Amer-Pima 2/ : " : 1,056 548.0 

 Sugarbeets : Ton : 20.9 29,874 

 Sugarcane : " : 34.5 31,563 

 Tobacco : Lb : 2,201 1,786,065 

 : : 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : : 

 Austrian Winter Peas 2/ : Cwt : 1,513 115 

 Dry Edible Beans 2/ : " : 1,695 29,156 

 Dry Edible Peas 2/ : " : 2,103 5,816 

 Lentils 2/ : " : 1,390 2,391 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas : " : 682 

 : : 

Potatoes & Misc. : : 

 Coffee (HI) : Lb : 1,610 9,000 

 Ginger Root (HI) : " : 44,000 12,100 

 Hops : " : 1,729 74,872.1 

 Peppermint Oil : " : 75 10,256 

 Potatoes, All : Cwt : 347 459,912 

 Winter : " : 203 199 3,124 2,980

 Spring : " : 252 217 21,749 19,455

 Summer : " : 272 17,951 

 Fall : " : 360 417,088 

 Spearmint Oil : Lb : 98 2,403 

 Sweet Potatoes : Cwt : 156 13,025 

 Taro (HI) 3/ : Lb : 5,500 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or 

 from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 1998 crop 

 year. 

2/ Yield in pounds. 

3/ Yield is not estimated. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 24 NASS, USDA

 

 Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 1996-98 

 (Domestic Units) 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : : Production 

 Crop : Unit :-----------------------------------------------

 : : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : : 1,000 

 : : 

Citrus 2/ : : 

 Grapefruit : Ton : 2,718 2,888 2,596 

 K-Early Citrus (FL) : " : 7 7 2 

 Lemons : " : 992 859 935 

 Oranges : " : 11,427 12,677 14,040 

 Tangelos (FL) : " : 110 178 128 

 Tangerines : " : 349 418 358 

 Temples (FL) : " : 97 108 101 

 : : 

Non-Citrus : : 

 Apples : Lb : 10,392.0 10,226.6 

 Apricots : Ton : 79.3 138.0 

 Bananas (HI) : Lb : 13,000.0 13,700.0 

 Grapes : Ton : 5,554.3 6,836.4 

 Olives (CA) : " : 166.0 104.0 

 Papayas (HI) : Lb : 41,800.0 38,800.0 

 Peaches : " : 2,116.3 2,651.1 

 Pears : Ton : 820.8 1,044.0 

 Prunes, Dried (CA) : " : 223.0 212.0 

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA): " : 20.0 29.0 

 : : 

Nuts & Misc. : : 

 Almonds (CA) : Lb : 510,000 757,000 550,000 

 Hazelnuts : Ton : 18.5 44.1 

 Pecans : Lb : 221,500 272,100 

 Pistachios (CA) : " : 105,000 180,000 

 Walnuts (CA) : Ton : 208.0 269.0 

 Maple Syrup : Gal : 1,567 1,293 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or 

 from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 1998 crop 

 year. 

2/ Production years are 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 25 NASS, USDA

 

 Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 1997-98 

 (Metric Units) 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Area Planted : Area Harvested 

 Crop :-----------------------------------------------

 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Hectares 

 : 

Grains & Hay : 

 Barley : 2,796,410 2,743,800 2,600,130 

 Corn for Grain 2/ :32,467,060 32,691,260 29,833,750 

 Corn for Silage : 2,330,210 

 Hay, All : 24,611,230 24,578,850 

 Alfalfa : 9,580,230 

 All Other : 15,031,000 

 Oats : 2,091,840 2,085,770 1,178,050 1,237,540 

 Rice : 1,236,730 1,248,470 1,227,830 

 Rye : 579,920 627,670 138,000 

 Sorghum for Grain 2/ : 4,090,610 3,648,280 3,800,440 

 Sorghum for Silage : 125,450 

 Wheat, All :28,728,530 27,125,160 25,728,970 

 Winter :19,563,520 18,873,530 16,921,300 16,476,950 

 Durum : 1,315,240 1,649,110 1,257,370 

 Other Spring : 7,849,770 6,602,520 7,550,300 

 : 

Oilseeds : 

 Canola : 294,610 282,470 

 Cottonseed : 

 Flaxseed : 59,080 113,310 54,630 

 Mustard Seed : 30,110 29,460 

 Peanuts : 579,110 596,720 570,940 

 Rapeseed : 690 610 

 Safflower : 100,770 95,100 

 Soybeans for Beans :28,672,290 29,137,680 28,281,360 

 Sunflower : 1,193,430 1,273,960 1,154,180 

 : 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : 

 Cotton, All : 5,587,960 5,347,980 5,370,240 

 Upland : 5,486,790 5,239,930 5,269,470 

 Amer-Pima : 101,170 108,050 100,770 

 Sugarbeets : 590,520 605,700 577,820 

 Sugarcane : 370,490 

 Tobacco : 328,410 296,950 

 : 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : 

 Austrian Winter Peas : 3,280 3,080 

 Dry Edible Beans : 749,400 785,220 696,150 

 Dry Edible Peas : 118,820 111,940 

 Lentils : 73,250 69,610 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas : 

 : 

Potatoes & Misc. : 

 Coffee (HI) : 2,270 

 Ginger Root (HI) : 110 

 Hops : 17,520 

 Peppermint Oil : 55,160 

 Potatoes, All : 551,190 536,420 

 Winter : 6,310 6,270 6,230 6,070 

 Spring : 35,730 37,720 34,880 36,340 

 Summer : 27,760 26,670 

 Fall : 481,380 468,630 

 Spearmint Oil : 9,910 

 Sweet Potatoes : 35,170 34,680 33,790 

 Taro (HI) 3/ : 180 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or 

 from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 1998 crop 

 year. 

2/ Area planted for all purposes. 

3/ Acreage is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 26 NASS, USDA

 

 Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 1997-98 

 (Metric Units) 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Yield : Production 

 Crop :-----------------------------------------------

 : 1997 : 1998 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Metric Tons 

 : 

Grains & Hay : 

 Barley : 3.14 8,153,300 

 Corn for Grain : 7.97 237,896,540 

 Corn for Silage : 35.78 83,373,000 

 Hay, All : 5.61 138,000,940 

 Alfalfa : 7.50 71,887,130 

 All Other : 4.40 66,113,810 

 Oats : 2.17 2,556,140 

 Rice : 6.61 8,114,590 

 Rye : 1.64 226,380 

 Sorghum for Grain : 4.37 16,589,660 

 Sorghum for Silage : 28.09 3,524,410 

 Wheat, All : 2.67 68,761,480 

 Winter : 3.03 2.82 51,236,220 46,423,830 

 Durum : 1.87 2,345,790 

 Other Spring : 2.01 15,179,470 

 : 

Oilseeds : 

 Canola : 1.47 414,760 

 Cottonseed : 6,290,960 

 Flaxseed : 1.01 55,150 

 Mustard Seed : 0.91 26,950 

 Peanuts : 2.81 1,604,380 

 Rapeseed : 1.44 880 

 Safflower : 2.05 195,070 

 Soybeans for Beans : 2.62 74,223,690 

 Sunflower : 1.48 1,707,060 

 : 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops : 

 Cotton, All : 0.76 4,091,690 

 Upland : 0.75 3,972,380 

 Amer-Pima : 1.18 119,310 

 Sugarbeets : 46.90 27,101,240 

 Sugarcane : 77.29 28,633,470 

 Tobacco : 2.47 810,150 

 : 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils : 

 Austrian Winter Peas : 1.69 5,220 

 Dry Edible Beans : 1.90 1,322,490 

 Dry Edible Peas : 2.36 263,810 

 Lentils : 1.56 108,450 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas : 30,940 

 : 

Potatoes & Misc. : 

 Coffee (HI) : 1.80 4,080 

 Ginger Root (HI) : 49.91 5,490 

 Hops : 1.94 33,960 

 Peppermint Oil : 0.08 4,650 

 Potatoes, All : 38.89 20,861,260 

 Winter : 22.74 22.27 141,700 135,170 

 Spring : 28.28 24.28 986,520 882,460 

 Summer : 30.53 814,240 

 Fall : 40.37 18,918,790 

 Spearmint Oil : 0.11 1,090 

 Sweet Potatoes : 17.48 590,800 

 Taro (HI) 2/ : 13.83 2,490 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or 

 from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 1998 crop 

 year. 

2/ Yield is not estimated. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 27 NASS, USDA

 

 Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 1996-98 

 (Metric Units) 1/ 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Production 

 Crop :-----------------------------------------------------

 : 1996 : 1997 : 1998 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 : Metric tons 

 : 

Citrus 2/ : 

 Grapefruit : 2,465,730 2,619,950 2,355,050 

 K-Early Citrus (FL) : 6,350 6,350 1,810 

 Lemons : 899,930 779,270 848,220 

 Oranges : 10,366,400 11,500,380 12,736,870 

 Tangelos (FL) : 99,790 161,480 116,120 

 Tangerines : 316,610 379,200 324,770 

 Temples (FL) : 88,000 97,980 91,630 

 : 

Non-Citrus : 

 Apples : 4,710 4,640 

 Apricots : 71,940 125,190 

 Bananas (HI) : 5,900 6,210 

 Grapes : 5,038,780 6,201,880 

 Olives (CA) : 150,590 94,350 

 Papayas (HI) : 18,960 17,600 

 Peaches : 960 1,200 

 Pears : 744,570 947,100 

 Prunes, Dried (CA) : 202,300 192,320 

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) : 18,140 26,310 

 : 

Nuts & Misc. : 

 Almonds (CA) : 231,330 343,370 249,480 

 Hazelnuts : 16,780 40,010 

 Pecans : 100,470 123,420 

 Pistachios (CA) : 47,630 81,650 

 Walnuts (CA) : 188,690 244,030 

 Maple Syrup : 7,830 6,460 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1/ Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or 

 from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 1998 crop 

 year. 

2/ Production years are 1995-96, 1996-97, and 1997-98. 
May 2, 1998

NOAA/USDA JOINT AGRICULTURAL WEATHER FACILITY Based on preliminary reports

CROP MOISTURE

(SHORT TERM, CROP NEED VS. AVAILABLE WATER IN 5-FT. SOIL PROFILE)

UPDATED WEEKLY

WET

WET WET

WET

WET

WET

ABNORMALLY

MOIST

ABNORMALLY

MOIST

FAVORABLY

MOIST

FAVORABLY

MOIST

FAVORABLY

MOIST

FAVORABLY

MOIST

SLIGHTLY

DRY SLIGHTLY

ABNORMALLY DRY

DRY

SLIGHTLY

DRY

SLIGHTLY

DRY

SLIGHTLY

DRY

ABNORMALLY

DRY

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 28 NASS, USDA

Crop Moisture

Depicts short term (up to about 4 weeks) abnormal dryness or wetness affecting

Agriculture, responds rapidly, can change considerably week to week, and

indicates normal conditions at the beginning and end of the growing season.

Uses...applicable in measuring the short term, week-to-week, status of dryness

or wetness affecting warm season crops and field operations.

Limitations...may not be applicable to germination and shallow rooted crops

which are unable to extract the deep or subsoil moisture from a 5-foot profile,

or for cool season crops growing when temperatures are averaging below about 55

degrees fahrenheit. It is not generally indicative of the long term (months,

years) drought or wet spells which are depicted by the drought severity index.
MOIST MOIST

MOIST

SEVERE

MODERATE

MOIST

April 25, 1998

NOAA/USDA JOINT AGRICULTURAL WEATHER FACILITY Based on preliminary reports

DROUGHT SEVERITY

(LONG TERM PALMER)

UPDATED BIWEEKLY

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 29 NASS, USDA

Drought Severity

Drought severity index (Palmer): Depicts prolonged (months, years) abnormal

dryness or wetness; responds slowly; changes little from week to week; and

reflects long term moisture runoff, recharge, and deep percolation, as well as

evaportranspiration.

Uses...applicable in measuring disruptive effects of prolonged dryness or

wetness on water sensitive economies; designating disaster areas of drought or

wetness and reflecting the general long-term status of water supplies in

aquifers, reservoirs, and streams.

Limitations...is not generally indicative of short-term (few weeks) status of

drought or wetness such as frequently affects crops and field operations (this

is indicated by the crop moisture index).
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 30 NASS, USDA

April Weather Summary: Under the influence of a very strong southern branch of

 a split jet stream, below-normal temperatures prevailed

from California into the Southeast. Monthly departures ranged from -2 to 

-5 degrees F from California to the central and southern Plains. Meanwhile,

readings averaged 2 to 7 degrees F above normal across the Nation's northern

tier. Because of the unusual warmth, some fruit trees across the Great Lakes

and Northeastern States were already in bloom when more typical weather--

resulting in several freezes--returned toward month's end.

The jet stream's active southern branch produced unsettled weather across

California and the Southwest. Farther east, several April rainfall records were

broken across the Ohio Valley and into the Southeast. At month's end, many

rivers--including the middle Mississippi and lower Ohio Rivers--remained very

high. In contrast, the procession of storms failed to dampen the South-Central

United States. The dry spell, which stretched to 6 weeks by the end of April,

also affected the immediate Gulf Coast and most of Florida, although a latemonth storm boosted topsoil moisture from eastern Texas to Florida.

Monthly rainfall topped 15 inches at a few locations in eastern Tennessee,

including a 16.51-inch total at Big Ridge (Union County). Some of the heaviest

rain fell on April 16-17, when 24-hour rainfall topped 5 inches in a few spots. 

At least five locations in the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys reported a record-wet

April:

Location Total (Inches) Former Record/Year

Knoxville, TN 11.07 7.90 in 1994

Cincinnati, OH 9.77 8.62 in 1947

Asheville, NC 8.70 7.26 in 1979

Youngstown, OH 7.29 6.43 in 1957

Bristol, TN 7.03 5.85 in 1970

In contrast, little or no rain fell in parts of Texas. Record-low April

rainfall occurred in Midland and San Antonio, and several other cities had their

driest April in at least 14 years:

Location Total (Inches) Former Record/Year

San Antonio, TX 0.05 0.11 in 1984

Midland, TX trace trace in 1947, 1964

Location Total (Inches) Driest April Since...

San Angelo, TX trace 0.00 in 1920

Del Rio, TX 0.01 0.01 in 1955

Corpus Christi, TX 0.03 trace in 1984

Abilene, TX 0.35 0.20 in 1984

All of Abilene's rain fell on April 26, the same day that the month's first rain

(0.59 inches) fell in Albuquerque, NM and 2.77 inches (83 percent of the monthly

total) soaked Oklahoma City, OK. The same storm responsible for those totals

delivered 4.32 inches to New Orleans, LA from April 27-30, ending a 26-day spell

during which only 0.07 inches fell. In southern Florida, the month's first rain

(1.01 inches) dampened Key West on April 30. But in Tampa, FL, only 0.41 inches

(36 percent of normal) occurred during April, ending a 9-month streak (July 1997

- March 1998) with above-normal monthly rainfall.

During the first half of the month, several storms dumped significant snow from

the Southwest to the central High Plains. By the 18th, monthly snowfall reached

16.3 inches in Flagstaff, AZ, 10.1 inches in Cheyenne, WY, and 9.5 inches in

Colorado Springs, CO. Flagstaff's monthly average temperature of 37.2 degrees F

(5.1 degrees below normal) was their third lowest on record. Tucson, AZ 

(61.4 degrees F, 4.4 degrees below normal) observed their coldest April since

1983. In the Northeast, however, no snow fell in Rochester, NY for the first

time in April since 1952. But when colder air arrived toward month's end,
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 31 NASS, USDA

minima of 28 degrees F (on the 27th) in Binghamton, NY and 30 degrees F (on the

28th) in Lynchburg, VA were the lowest of the month. In Michigan, Lansing

registered 25 degrees F on April 27. Meanwhile, record warmth developed across

the Northwest. The last day of the month featured an April-record high of 

90 degrees F in Portland, OR.

Drought continued throughout most of Hawaii, although significant improvement

occurred in some windward (east-facing) areas. Of the State's 73 official rain

gauges, 62 received below-normal April rainfall. Kamuela (14.26 inches; 

207 percent of normal), on the Big Island, and Hanapepe, Kauai (2.84 inches; 

129 percent), were among the locations netting above-normal rainfall. However,

6-month (November-April) rainfall at the major reporting stations ranged from

only 17 percent of normal (2.83 inches) in Honolulu to 54 percent (14.85 inches)

in Lihue. In Hilo, where November-April precipitation averages more than 

75 inches, the 6-month rainfall deficit topped 40 inches.

General Crop Comments: A rainy weather pattern persisted throughout the month

 in the eastern half of the United States, limiting

fieldwork and delaying planting, especially in the Southeast. Cotton growers

barely had time between storms to prepare and plant fields, keeping progress

well behind normal as the month ended. The wet weather also delayed the normal

beginning of the corn planting season in the Corn Belt. But as the end of the

month neared, the western Corn Belt dried and farmers were able to make

excellent planting progress. However, the eastern Corn Belt remained wet and

planting remained behind normal in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. By month’s end,

planting was ahead of normal Nationally, and on a record pace in Minnesota.

Above normal temperatures and dry weather from the Great lakes westward through

the northern Plains and Pacific Northwest allowed farmers to make rapid progress

seeding small grains. By the end of the month, most of the Nation’s spring

wheat, barley, and oats crops were planted. However, dry weather was slowing

germination and crop growth, especially in the central and northern High Plains.

The mild, early spring temperatures also coaxed winter wheat out of dormancy

earlier than normal and provided good growing conditions for most of the month. 

A cold front that brought below freezing temperatures as far south as northern

Texas around mid-month did little damage to the crop. But by the end of the

month, dry weather was beginning to stress the crop in the High Plains from

Texas to the Canada border. In the eastern Corn Belt, wet weather was

responsible for the decline in the crop condition. Despite the late-month

deterioration, winter wheat was in better condition at month’s end than in

recent years.

Fieldwork and planting were frequently delayed by rain in the Southwest and

California. In addition, below normal temperatures persisted for most of the

month, keeping soils unfavorably cool until late-month, causing cotton growers

to delay planting. A late-month warm up allowed Southwest farmers to make good

progress, but planting remained behind the 5-year average as the month ended. 

In the Southeast, cool, wet weather persisted through the end of the month,

causing cotton and peanut planting to fall farther behind. Rice growers had

well over half of their crop seeded, despite the rainy weather. 

Winter Wheat: The 1998 wheat harvested area is forecast at 40.7 million acres,

 down 3 percent from 1997. Hard Red Winter (HRW) and White

acreage totals are down about 3 and 4 percent, respectively. Soft Red Winter

(SRW) grain area is up slightly.

Early April condition ratings were quite high and at par with 1993. Since then,

the ratings have dipped; as of May 3, the percent good or better was 70 - higher
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 32 NASS, USDA

than any of the last five years except 1993. Comments from some of the Delta

states indicate the March freeze will result in more acres cut for hay than

normal. Another freeze hit parts of eastern Colorado and western Kansas the

morning of April 17; the effect, if any, has not been assessed. 

The Nation’s HRW crop suffered few overwintering problems though moisture is

needed in several areas to reach full yield potential. Forecasted head counts

from Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas Objective Yield surveys are collectively a

little higher than that forecast last May 1; the Texas numbers are at record

levels. Not surprisingly, initial SRW yield forecasts in most of the southeast

are down from last year’s high numbers. Ample to excessive moisture in much of

SRW country has fostered concern over the potential for disease problems.

Prospects for good crops are evident once again in the Pacific Northwest though

Washington and eastern Oregon growers want more rain. 

Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at

 27.4 million bushels in total. This is up 26 percent from the 1997

production year. Acreage increases in both States are the main reason for the

increase as forecasted yields are unchanged from last year’s final. 

Condition ratings are good to excellent in both States. Nearly all of Arizona’s

wheat is headed. Average yields have been reported so far in California’s

Imperial Valley where harvest began in late April. San Joaquin Valley fields

were heading by May 1. Some low lying fields suffered from flood damage. 

Harvest should start there in early June. 

Hay Stocks on Farms: Stocks of all hay on farms totaled 21.7 million tons on

 May 1, 1998, up 25 percent from May 1 of the previous

year. Disappearance of hay from December 1, 1997 - May 1, 1998, totaled 

80.9 million tons, 7.5 percent lower than the 1996 crop disappearance of 

87.5 million tons for the same period.

Stocks of hay on May 1, 1998 were higher or unchanged compared to last year in

31 of the 48 estimating states. Mild winter conditions and adequate spring

rains across the United States revitalized pasturelands and allowed livestock

producers to reduce feeding of hay.

Almonds: The first forecast of 1998 California almond production is 550 million

 pounds, shelled basis. This is down 27 percent from the record 1997

crop of 757 million pounds. Bearing acreage totaled 425,000 acres, up 15,000

from 1997's revised 410,000 acres. Statewide bloom reports range from fair to

good with cool spring temperatures and intermittent rains throughout the State. 

Growers indicate a large variation in set with virtually no nuts on some trees

but large numbers reported on others. Yields are expected to be well below last

year’s record high yields. The crop’s development is one to two weeks behind

normal.

Avocados: Florida avocado production for the 1997-98 season totaled 

 24,000 tons, up 2 percent from last season. Bearing acreage, at

5,700 acres, was unchanged from the 1996-97 level. The value of Florida

avocados for the 1997-98 season totaled $14.0 million, up 13 percent from the

previous season and the highest value since the 1985-86 season. The value

increased primarily due to very good quality fruit and excellent prices.

The 1997-98 Hawaii avocado crop totaled 250 tons, up 25 percent from last season

but unchanged from the 1995-96 season. Higher production resulted from a 

22 percent increase in acreage and slightly better yields. Growing conditions

were an improvement from a year ago in the major producing area of Hawaii
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 33 NASS, USDA

Island. The value of Hawaii avocados for the 1997-98 season totaled $265,000,

up 24 percent from last season.

Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 3.02 million pounds for

 April, 9 percent higher than March and 11 percent higher than April

1997. Area devoted to papaya production totaled 3,200 acres, unchanged from

last month but 26 percent lower than a year ago. Harvested area, totaling 

2,140 acres, was 1 percent higher than March and 1 percent higher than last

April.

April weather conditions were variable for papaya production. Showers

replenished soil moisture in many nonirrigated areas and allowed farmers to

plant fields. Warmer temperatures and the added moisture in dry areas aided

fruit development.

Hawaii’s utilized production of papayas during 1997 totaled 38.8 million pounds,

7 percent lower than the previous year. Fresh sales of 35.7 million pounds were

6 percent lower than in 1996. Processed sales, totaling 3.10 million pounds,

were 23 percent lower than last year. The average area harvested each month was

1,985 acres, 8 percent higher than in 1996. Gusty winds and rains in early 1997

were unfavorable for orchard and fruit development. Sunshine mixed with

rainfall made for more typical growing conditions through the remainder of the

year. 

Bananas: Hawaii banana production for 1997 is estimated at 13.7 million pounds,

 5 percent above 1996. Weather for the year was mixed. Strong winds

early in the year temporarily set back orchards on Hawaii Island. New acreage

and maturing orchards increased production. Banana Bunchy Top Virus was found

on Kauai in September 1997, and control efforts are ongoing. The virus was

already present on Oahu and the Big Island.

Taro: Hawaii taro production for 1997 was estimated at 5.50 million pounds,

 down 4 percent from 1996. Area in crop is estimated at 450 acres, a

reduction of 15 percent from the previous year. The decline in acreage occurred

in the dryland or Chinese variety, which is grown for fresh sales and chips.

Yields of poi taro were aided by better-than-normal weather during the final

quarter of 1997. The usual cloudy, wet, and windy weather associated with

winter was virtually nonexistent in late 1997, resulting in improved corm

growth. A new disease, Taro Pocket Rot, continued to hamper yields, but its

incidence was reduced during the final quarter.

Grapefruit: The May 1 forecast of the 1997-98 U.S. grapefruit crop is reduced

 to 2.60 million tons, down 2 percent from the April 1 forecast and

down 10 percent from last year’s final utilization. 

Florida’s all grapefruit forecast, at 49.0 million boxes (2.08 million tons), is

down 2 percent from last month and is down 12 percent from the previous year’s

record utilization. The white seedless variety is forecast at 18.4 million

boxes, down 12 percent from the April 1 forecast and 22 percent less than last

season. The export market has not provided the fresh use level of recent years. 

Processing use is lagging over 4.50 million boxes behind the past two seasons to

date. The colored seedless variety is forecast at 30.0 million boxes, up 

5 percent from a month ago but 4 percent less than the 1996-97 season. The

increase is based on the indication of row harvest from the route survey. 

Estimated utilization by May 1 is 28.0 million boxes. Weekly utilization, while

declining, is still above 500,000 boxes. Based on utilization, the seedy
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 34 NASS, USDA

(Duncan) grapefruit forecast is increased to 600,000 boxes, up 20 percent from

the April 1 forecast but down 33 percent from a year ago. 

The Texas grapefruit forecast, at 4.60 million boxes (184,000 tons), is

unchanged from the April 1 forecast but is down 13 percent from last season. 

The California grapefruit forecast of 9.00 million boxes (302,000 tons), is

carried forward from the April 1 forecast. Arizona’s grapefruit forecast, also

carried forward from April 1, is 800,000 boxes (27,000 tons).

Tangerines: The 1997-98 U.S. tangerine crop is forecast at 358,000 tons, up

 2 percent from the April 1 forecast but down 14 percent from the

previous season’s utilized production. Florida’s utilization is 5.25 million

boxes (249,000 tons), up 3 percent from last month’s forecast but down 17 percent from the 1996-97 season. The early portion of the tangerine forecast

(Robinson, Fallglo, Sunburst, and Dancy) is final, but the Honey tangerine

forecast is increased from a month ago. There continued to be weekly

certifications, and the route survey indicated some rows with fruit left to

pick. California and Arizona tangerine forecasts were carried forward from

April at 2.40 million boxes (90,000 tons) and 500,000 boxes (19,000 tons),

respectively.

Tangelos: Florida’s 1997-98 forecast of tangelos is final at 2.85 million boxes

 (128,000 tons), unchanged from the April 1 forecast. The forecast is

down 28 percent from last season’s production of 3.95 million boxes, the largest

recorded crop since 1987-88. Weekly utilizations have declined steadily. The

route survey indicated some rows still remaining for harvest, mostly in small

blocks or as pollinators.

Temples: The 1997-98 forecast of Florida Temple production is reduced to 

 2.25 million boxes (101,000 tons), down 2 percent from last month and

down 6 percent from a year ago. Only 6,000 boxes were moved in the past month. 

Utilization during the past seven seasons has averaged 2.39 million boxes,

ranging from 2.15 to 2.55 million boxes.

Florida Citrus: April was generally a very dry and windy month with only a few

 days of scattered rains. Growers and caretakers of well cared

for groves irrigated throughout the month to maintain good tree condition, cut

cover crops, applied herbicides, and did post bloom spraying. Bloom lingered

through the first two weeks of April in most areas and was complete by April 20. 

New growth slowed as the dry conditions persisted in many counties. Some

growers reported abnormal post bloom fruit drop caused by the wetter than normal

winter. Most of the accelerated droppage was in Navels and Valencias, with

other types affected to a lesser degree. Harvest of Valencia oranges was very

active during April, with most of the fruit going to processors. Movement of

all seedless grapefruit averaged just below two million boxes per week until the

last week of the month when utilization slipped to an estimated 1.3 million

boxes.

Texas Citrus: Harvest of all citrus was completed in many groves during April. 

 Some very late fruit may not be harvested due to poor juice

markets. The set for the 1998-99 crop looks very good, but the shortage of

irrigation water is still a major factor for next year's crop.

California Citrus: The navel orange harvest was near completion by the end of

 April, with over 90 percent of the crop picked. Valencia
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 35 NASS, USDA

orange picking gathered momentum during the month with most of the fruit going

to export. Around 10 percent has been picked. Quality has been reported as

very good. The lemon harvest was active in the San Joaquin Valley and the South

Coast area. Quality and volume were both reported to be good. Grapefruit

picking was still active in the desert area but slowing down. Quality was

reported as very good. Tangerine picking was nearly complete.

California Fruit and Nut: Growers were active in orchards and vineyards

 throughout April with normal cultural activities,

including herbicide and fungicide applications. By late April, growers were

thinning apples, apricots, plums, nectarines, and peaches. The warmer, drier

weather helped speed the maturity of stone fruit crops. Vineyards were treated

for powdery mildew.

Spring Potatoes: Spring potato production is forecast at 19.5 million cwt, down

 11 percent from last year and 5 percent below a month ago. 

Area for harvest is estimated at 89,800 acres, up 4 percent from a year ago but

less than 1 percent below two years ago. The average yield, projected at 

217 cwt per acre, is down 35 cwt from last year and 17 cwt below the April 1

forecast.

Acreage is higher than last year in 5 of the 6 Spring States. The exception is

California with a 9 percent decline in acres for harvest. Wet winter weather

slowed planting and damaged early planted fields in most States. Yields are

expected to be below last year in all Spring States.

The start of harvest was late in most States and early yields were poor. Harvest

in California is delayed 3 to 4 weeks from normal. Digging is under way in

Arizona and Hastings, Florida. Harvest in the other areas of Florida is nearly

finished, with yields lower than anticipated earlier. Soils are drying in

Alabama, making harvest easier to accomplish. Texas growers report good

conditions, with harvest just starting. The North Carolina harvest season is

delayed by late planting and wet fields during much of April.

Tobacco, 1997 Final: U.S. tobacco production totaled 1.79 billion pounds in

 1997, up 18 percent from 1996. Tobacco producers

harvested 811,480 acres, up 11 percent from the previous year. Yield per acre

averaged 2,201 pounds, compared to 2,071 pounds in 1996. All tobacco classes

except Fire-cured and Dark Air-cured showed increases in acreage and yield from

1996.

Flue-cured production totaled 1.05 billion pounds in 1997, up 15 percent from

the 1996 production. Growers harvested 454,300 acres, up 8 percent from the

previous year. Flue-cured tobacco represented 56 percent of 1997's all tobacco

acreage. Yield per acre averaged 2,306 pounds, 155 pounds above the 1996

average yield.

Burley production totaled 649 million pounds in 1997, 25 percent above the

previous year. Growers harvested 315,300 acres, 18 percent above 1996. The

U.S. average yield for burley tobacco was 2,059 pounds, 119 pounds above the

previous year, but North Carolina and Tennessee reported lower yields than last

year due to dry weather conditions. Kentucky, with 73 percent of the 1997

burley production, was 29 percent above 1996. Burley yield for Kentucky, at

2,140 pounds, was 160 pounds above the previous year.

Cotton, 1997 Final: All cotton production in the United States totaled 

 18.8 million bales in 1997, 1 percent less than 1996's
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 36 NASS, USDA

production. The 1997 output was the fifth largest crop on record. Upland

cotton production, at 18.2 million bales, was 1 percent less than the previous

year, while American-Pima production totaled 548,000 bales, up 4 percent from

1996.

The area planted to all cotton totaled 13.8 million acres, down 6 percent from

1996, but harvested area, at 13.3 million acres, was up 3 percent from the

previous year, as a result of the 28 percent abandonment in the 1996 Texas crop. 

Abandonment totaled 4 percent in 1997, compared to 12 percent the previous year. 

Yields for the U.S. averaged 680 pounds per harvested acre, the sixth highest

yield on record.

The Delta States’ (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee)

plantings lagged behind average due to wet soils and because other row crops

were being planted, but seedings were completed in early June. Precipitation

was above normal and cooler than normal temperatures prevailed during the early

season, slowing crop development. October’s beneficial temperatures and open

weather allowed the bolls to finish opening, and yields were higher than had

been expected earlier in the season. Harvest exceeded the 5-year average pace

in Louisiana and Mississippi, and in early November Louisiana had 98 percent of

the crop harvested, 6 points ahead of the 5-year average. Mississippi producers

were 85 percent complete, 1 point above average. Harvest in the other States in

this region was about three-fourths finished, slightly behind their normal pace. 

Boll weights ranked eighth in Arkansas, ninth in Louisiana, and seventh in

Mississippi compared to the previous 10 years. Planted and harvested acreages

in this this region were down 13 percent from 1996, at 3.44 million acres and

3.39 million acres, respectively. The region’s production was 6 percent less

than in 1996, at 5.72 million bales. Yields in the region averaged 809 pounds,

up 61 pounds from one year earlier, and Mississippi had a record high yield of

901 pounds per acre.

In the Southeastern States (Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South

Carolina), cotton planted acreage was 2 percent more than in 1996, at 

2.94 million acres. The planting pace was behind average early in the season,

but a dry period in mid-May allowed producers to exceed the average pace. Early

June storms in Georgia and Alabama replenished soil moisture and improved crop

condition. Many fields in Georgia and Alabama were replanted due to seedling

disease, cool temperatures causing poor stands, and soil crusting from the heavy

rains. Alabama was subject to unusual heavy rainfall during the season, as well

as cool temperatures. In addition, Hurricane Danny entered into the

southwestern portion of the State in late July with torrential rains. Georgia

also incurred heavy rains that began in late September and continually hampered

harvest activity. All of these States were behind the average harvest progress

during the season. Production totaled 3.81 million bales for this region in

1997, a 12 percent decrease from the previous year. The average yield for the

region was 649 pounds, down 81 pounds from 1996.

Arizona’s planted and harvested acres increased by 3 percent from 1996, but

California producers decreased planted and harvested acreage by 12 percent. 

Early planting approval was again granted in Arizona to lessen effects of

whitefly. California’s seeding pace was well ahead of average most of the

season as warm, dry weather prevailed. Eighty-nine percent of Arizona's crop

was in good to excellent condition and 90 percent of bolls were opening in early

September, which equalled the 5-year average. Cotton development in California

remained ahead of average, with 80 percent of the crop showing open bolls

compared to an average of 59 percent, in early September. Harvest was slightly

behind the 5-year average in Arizona, but slightly ahead of the normal pace for

California producers. California’s boll weights were second highest since 1988. 

The three western States produced 3.13 million bales in 1997, 4 percent less

than last year, and yields averaged 1,188 pounds per harvested acre, up 

44 pounds from 1996.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 37 NASS, USDA

Texas’ harvest lagged behind the 5-year average until early November however, 

by late that month harvest was 7 points ahead of the average pace of 77 percent. 

Texas’ irrigated fields showed good progress this season and unusually high

amounts of rainfall in May caused the dryland acreage to develop ahead of the

average pace. In the Plains, heavy rain and hail during June damaged fields and

forced producers to replant or plant alternative crops. Heavy rains slowed

harvest in the Upper Coast, and the later crop showed quality damage from this

rainfall. Objective yield survey data indicated the fourth highest boll weights

since 1988. Planted acres in Texas was 5.50 million, down 4 percent from 1996,

but harvested acreage was up 26 percent, at 5.15 million acres. Production in

this region totaled 5.32 million bales, up 19 percent from the previous year. 

Texas’ yield was 479 pounds per harvested acre, down 30 pounds from the record

1996 yield.

Ginnings totaled 18,787,600 equivalent 480-pound net weight bales during the

1996 season. This compares with 18,928,550 equivalent 480-pound bales ginned in

1996.

Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 1997 totaled 6.93 million tons, down 

 3 percent from 1996.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 38 NASS, USDA

Reliability of May 1 Winter Wheat Production Forecast

Survey Procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted

 between April 25 and May 4 to gather information on expected

yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States

(Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where winter wheat is normally mature enough to

make meaningful counts. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously

reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in

selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended

upon the crop's maturity. In early fields, counts such as number of stalks,

heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number

of heads that would be harvested. A 5-year historical average head weight is

used until the crop matures to the point that heads can be clipped, threshed,

and weighed. The number of heads times the weight of the heads in a sample plot

can then be combined to an estimate of yield per acre. The 5-year average

harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited

each month until the crop reaches maturity and are harvested on the final visit.

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 12,000 winter wheat

producers representing all major production areas. These producers were

selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter

wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will be

surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields

as the season progresses. 

Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower

 reported data were reviewed for reasonableness and

consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed

considering weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and

previous years. Each State Statistical Office submits their analysis of the

current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the

survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.

Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead,

 a new forecast will be made each month throughout the growing

season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the

marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks,

production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then

made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant

changes.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 winter

 wheat production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error”, a

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. This is done by

expressing the deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the final

estimate as a percentage of the final estimate, and averaging the squared

percentage deviations for the 1978-1997 20-year period; the square root of the

average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error”. Probability

statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast

relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting

this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years. 

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is

6.8 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production

forecast of 1.71 billion bushels will not be above or below the final estimate 

by more than 6.8 percent or approximately 116 million bushels. Chances are 

9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 39 NASS, USDA

11.8 percent or approximately 201 million bushels. Differences between the May

1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 10

years have averaged 87 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 322 million

bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 4 times and above

6 times. This does not imply that the May 1 winter wheat forecast this year is

likely to understate or overstate final production.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 40 NASS, USDA

Report Features

The next "Crop Production" report will be released at 8:30 a.m. ET on

June 12, 1998.

Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Crops Branch of the National

Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information.

C. Ray Halley, Chief (202) 720-2127

 Field Crops Section

 Bill Dowdy, Head (202) 720-3843

 Kevin Barnes - Soybeans, Minor Oilseeds (202) 720-7369

 Rhonda Brandt- Corn (202) 720-7621

 Doug Hartwig - Hay (202) 720-8843

 Mark E. Miller - Oats, Sugar Crops, Weekly Crop Weather (202) 720-7621

 Roger Latham - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings (202) 720-5944

 Jerry Ramirez - Barley, Sorghum (202) 690-3234

 Barbara Rater - Peanuts, Rice (202) 720-7688

 Vaughn Siegenthaler - Wheat, Rye (202) 720-8068

 

 Fruit, Vegetable & Special Crops Section

 Vince Matthews, Head (202) 720-3843

 Arvin Budge - Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285

 Dave DeWalt - Citrus, Tropical Fruits (202) 720-5412

 Howard Hill - Cherries, Berries, Prunes, Plums, 

 Cranberries, Grapes, Maple Syrup (202) 720-7235

 Dave Mueller - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions (202) 720-2157

 Dave Ranek - Nuts, Floriculture (202) 720-4215

 Linda Simpson - Noncitrus Fruits, Mint, Dry Beans & Peas,

 Mushrooms, Hops (202) 690-0270

 Debbie Williams - Apples, Strawberries, Tobacco (202) 720-4288
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

May 1998 41 NASS, USDA

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on

the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and

marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the

USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building,

14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC, 20250-9410, or call (202) 720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is

an equal opportunity provider and employer.

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For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services:

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All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet and

go to the NASS Home Page at: http://www.usda.gov/nass/. Select “Today’s Reports” or Publications and

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