NUMBER 13-10-00361-CV

COURT OF APPEALS

THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG 

 

MARK A. BECERRA, Appellant,

v.

MARIA ELENA BALL A/K/A NENA BALL D/B/A

BALL INSURANCE AGENCY, NATIONAL LLOYDS

INSURANCE COMPANY, AND RUDY CANTU, Appellees.

 

On appeal from County Court at Law No. 2

of Cameron County, Texas.

 

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Rodriguez and Benavides

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Rodriguez

This appeal involves appellee National Lloyds Insurance Company's denial of 

appellant Mark Becerra's insurance claim after appellee Rudy Cantu, an employee of 

appellee Maria Elena Ball a/k/a Nena Ball d/b/a Ball Insurance Agency (Ball Insurance), 
2

was allegedly negligent in failing to obtain an insurance policy on Becerra's behalf. 

Becerra challenges the trial court's granting of summary judgment in favor of appellees on 

both his breach of contract and negligence claims. By two issues, Becerra argues that 

the trial court erred in granting summary judgment: (1) on his breach of contract claim 

because a fact issue exists as to when the payment was due under the terms of the 

insurance binder; and (2) on his negligence claim because a fact issue exists as to 

whether Cantu failed to bill him for the insurance binder and failed to procure a policy to 

replace that insurance binder. We affirm, in part, and reverse and remand, in part.

I. BACKGROUND

Becerra is a contractor who builds homes. On July 19, 2007, Becerra met with 

Cantu about obtaining insurance for a home Becerra was planning to build at 1818 El 

Cielo Lindo Court in Harlingen, Texas. Cantu gave Becerra an insurance binder, on 

behalf of National Lloyds, that provided coverage up to $79,000, had an effective date of 

July 20, 2007, and had an expiration date of January 19, 2008. The insurance binder 

also stated that it was subject to the conditions of the actual insurance policy that would 

later replace the insurance binder. The record shows that Becerra never paid the 

premium for the policy. 

On October 17, 2007, a fire damaged the home being constructed at 1818 El Cielo 

Lindo Court. When Becerra filed a claim with National Lloyds, it was denied. Becerra 

then filed this lawsuit against appellees.

In his lawsuit, Becerra alleged a breach of contract claim against all appellees 

based on the denial of his insurance claim. Becerra also alleged violations of the Texas 
3

Insurance Code and sought a declaratory judgment against all appellees. 1 Finally, 

Becerra brought a claim of negligence against Cantu and Ball Insurance. 

National Lloyds and Cantu and Ball Insurance filed motions for summary judgment 

on the breach of contract claim. In response, Becerra produced evidence which he 

alleged showed that the time of payment for the premium was ambiguous and that the 

ambiguity created a material issue of fact. Cantu and Ball Insurance also filed a motion 

for summary judgment on the negligence claim. In response, Becerra produced 

evidence allegedly showing that Cantu was supposed to obtain a replacement insurance 

policy and that Cantu was to bill Becerra the premiums as he had always done in the past. 

As part of his response evidence, Becerra also offered portions of Cantu's affidavit, 

wherein Cantu alleged that Becerra said he would bring a check for the premium due 

under the binder the day after Cantu issued the binder. Becerra also relied on portions of 

the affidavit wherein Cantu alleged that when he called Becerra a few days later to ask 

why he had not brought the check, Becerra told him that the construction project was on 

hold and that Cantu should not get the replacement insurance policy. In his response, 

Becerra alleged that this evidence created a material issue of fact and that summary 

judgment was improper on his negligence claim. The trial court granted all motions for 

summary judgment, and this appeal followed.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

A traditional summary judgment is reviewed de novo. Mann Frankfort Stein & 

Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex. 2009). In reviewing the 

 

1

Becerra does not challenge the summary judgment granted by the trial court in favor of appellees 

on his insurance code violation claim or his declaratory judgment action.
4

summary judgment evidence, we assume that the nonmovant's evidence is true, indulge 

every reasonable inference in favor of the nonmovant, and resolve all doubts about the 

existence of a genuine issue of material fact in favor of the nonmovant. M.D. Anderson 

Hosp. & Tumor Inst. v. Willrich, 28 S.W.3d 22, 23 (Tex. 2000) (per curiam). A defendant 

is entitled to summary judgment if it can conclusively negate at least one essential

element of the plaintiff's cause of action. Am. Tobacco Co., Inc. v. Grinnell, 951 S.W.2d 

420, 425 (Tex. 1997).

"A party moving for traditional summary judgment carries the burden of 

establishing that no material fact issue exists and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter 

of law." Calpine Producer Servs., L.P. v. Wiser Oil Co., 169 S.W.3d 783, 787 (Tex. 

App.—Dallas 2005, no pet.); see TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). In reviewing motions for 

summary judgment, issues not expressly presented to the trial court by written motion or 

response to a motion for summary judgment cannot be considered as grounds either to 

affirm or reverse the trial court's judgment. TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); McConnell v. 

Southside Indep. Sch. Dist., 858 S.W.2d 337, 341 (Tex. 1993); see Mercier v. Sw. Bell 

Yellow Pages, Inc., 214 S.W.3d 770, 774 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2007, no pet.) (op. 

on reh'g). "A motion must stand or fall on the grounds expressly presented in the 

motion." McConnell, 858 S.W.2d at 341.

III. BREACH OF CONTRACT

By his first issue, Becerra argues that the trial court erred in granting summary 

judgment on his breach of contract claim because a fact issue exists as to when the 

payment was due under the terms of the insurance binder. Specifically, Becerra argues 
5

that the terms of the contract are ambiguous and that the ambiguity creates a material 

issue of fact as to when payment was due for the premium on the insurance binder.

In an insurance breach of contract claim, the claimant must establish that the 

insurance contract was in full force at the time it suffered the loss. Ranger County Mut. 

Ins., Co. v. Chrysler Credit Corp., 501 S.W. 295, 298 (Tex. 1973). "The payment of the 

premium in accordance with provisions of the insurance policy is a condition precedent to 

establishment of liability against the insurer." Hartland v. Progressive County Mut. Ins. 

Co. v. Chrysler Credit Corp., 290 S.W.3d 318, 322 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, 

no pet.). Therefore, the claimant must show that the premium was paid in accordance 

with the terms of the policy in order to show that the contract was in force at the time the 

claimant suffered a loss. See id.

Becerra does not challenge the fact that he did not pay the premium. Instead, 

Becerra argues that the insurance binder he was given was ambiguous about when 

payment of the premium was due. Whether ambiguity exists in a contract is a question 

of law that we review de novo. In re D. Wilson Const. Co., 196 S.W.3d 774, 781 (Tex. 

2006). A contract is ambiguous when the meaning is subject to "two or more reasonable 

interpretations after applying the pertinent rules of construction." Columbia Gas 

Transmission Corp. v. New Ulm Gas, Ltd., 940 S.W.2d 587, 589 (Tex. 1996). "Ambiguity 

does not exist merely because the parties assert forceful and diametrically opposing 

interpretations." In re D. Wilson, 196 S.W.3d at 781.

Becerra contends that because the binder does not provide a payment due date, 

the binder became effective as soon as it was handed to him. Becerra also points to the 
6

following language from the binder: "If this binder is not replaced by a policy, the 

Company is entitled to charge a premium for the binder according to the Rules and Rates 

in use by the Company." Becerra argues that the only way to interpret this statement is 

that the payment is due after the new policy is issued. In sum, Becerra argues that 

because there are multiple plausible interpretations of the contract, the contract is 

ambiguous, and that ambiguity creates a material issue of fact as to when payment was 

due. We are not persuaded by Becerra's argument. 

The complained-of language is not relevant to the challenged ambiguity regarding 

payment. Rather, the following are the relevant provisions of the policy, and they are not 

ambiguous. The binder clearly states that "[t]he Insurance is subject to the terms, 

conditions, and limitations of the polic[ies] in current use by the Company." The 

conditions of the policy include that "[t]he first Named Insured shown in the 

Declarations . . . is responsible for the payment of all premiums." Furthermore, the 

policy indicates that "[i]n return for the payment of the premium . . . we agree with you to 

provide the Insurance as stated in this policy." Contrary to Becerra's assertions, the 

terms of the binder are clear, and under those terms, payment was necessary for the 

binder to go into effect. We therefore conclude that there is no ambiguity in the 

insurance contract at issue. See id.

Payment of the premium was a condition precedent for the insurance contract to 

go into effect. See Hartland, 290 S.W.3d at 322. It is clear from the record that Becerra 

did not pay the premium and thus failed to fulfill the condition precedent. As a result, the 

evidence shows that the insurance contract was not in full force at the time Becerra 
7

suffered the claimed loss—which Becerra must prove in order to establish his breach of 

contract claim. See Ranger, 501 S.W. at 298. Because appellees were able to 

conclusively negate this essential element, we conclude that summary judgment on the 

breach of contract claim was proper. See Am. Tobacco, 951 S.W.2d at 425; see also

TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c). Becerra's first issue is overruled.

IV. NEGLIGENCE

The second issue on appeal is whether the trial court erred in granting Cantu and 

Ball Insurance's motion for summary judgment on Becerra's negligence claim. Because 

Cantu and Ball Insurance did not effectively state any grounds in their motion for which 

summary judgment could be granted on Becerra's negligence claim, we believe that the 

summary judgment on the negligence claim was improper.

The entirety of Cantu and Ball Insurance's motion for summary judgment on the 

negligence claim follows:

The Plaintiff also contends that these Defendants were negligent. 

In order to establish a cause of action based on negligence, a plaintiff must 

establish the following:

1. A legal duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff;

2. A breach of that duty; and

3. Damage proximately caused by the breach.

See Greater Houston Transp. Co., 801 S.W.2d 523 (Tex. 1990); El Chico 

Corp. v. Pool, 732 S.W.2d 306, 311 (Tex. 1987). Here it is uncontroverted 

that the Plaintiff was given the binder on July 19, 2007, that the fire occurred 

nearly three months later on October 17, 2007, that the Plaintiff had failed to 

pay for the binder prior to that date and that the Plaintiff only contacted Mr. 

Cantu regarding payment for the binder after the fire had already occurred. 

It is submitted that on the undisputed facts, the Defendants did not breach 

any standard of care to the Plaintiff and that the cause of any loss which he 
8

may have allegedly sustained was his own lack of diligence in failing to pay 

the premium.

(Emphases omitted.)

On appeal, Cantu and Ball Insurance assert several substantive grounds, 

supported by authority, regarding the common-law duties owed by an insurance agent to 

its client, that Cantu's actions did not amount to a breach of those duties, and that 

Becerra's injury was, in the end, caused by his failure to pay the premium due for the 

policy. But they asserted none of these grounds clearly in their motion for summary 

judgment. Cantu and Ball Insurance cannot rely on their mere recitation of "undisputed" 

facts to provide the grounds for the motion. See McConnell, 858 S.W.2d at 341; see also

Bank of Am. N.A. v. Eisenhauer, No. 13-09-00004-CV, 2010 WL 2784031, at *5 (Tex. 

App.—Corpus Christi July 15, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.). And although they laid out the 

generic elements for negligence and set forth the two elements (breach and causation) 

that the "undisputed facts" supposedly negated, they did not provide any relevant law 

identifying the "standard of care" or causation requirement in the context of this case or 

provide any explanation of how the "undisputed facts" conclusively disproved the 

elements. See Am. Tobacco, 951 S.W.2d at 425. In other words, nowhere in their 

motion did Cantu and Ball Insurance expressly state the grounds or reasons which they 

now argue are sufficient to entitle them to summary judgment as a matter of law. See 

McConnell, 858 S.W.2d at 341. It was ultimately their burden to do so. See Casso v. 

Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 556 (Tex. 1989) (holding that the burden shifts to the nonmovant 

only after the movant has established that it is entitled to summary judgment as a matter 

of law); City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 678 (Tex. 1979) 
9

(same). For this reason, we conclude that the trial court erred in granting summary 

judgment on Becerra's negligence claim on any basis.

2

V. CONCLUSION

We affirm the trial court's summary judgment on the breach of contract claims but 

reverse the summary judgment on the negligence claim and remand for proceedings 

consistent with this opinion.

NELDA V. RODRIGUEZ

Justice

Delivered and filed the 

4th day of August, 2011.

 

2

Becerra also asserted claims for violations of the Texas Insurance Code and sought a declaratory 

judgment. The trial court granted summary judgment on these claims, as well. However, Becerra does 

not contest the summary judgment on either of these claims; therefore, he has waived our review of those 

claims on appeal. See Jacobs v. Satterwhite, 65 S.W.3d 653, 655-56 (Tex. 2001) (providing that the 

failure to complain on appeal about a summary judgment on a claim waives any error in that claim).