#### Swope *v.*The State.

*Larceny.*

(Decided April 4, 1912.

58 South. 809.)

1. *Witnesses; Impeachment; Conviction of Grime.*— The statute allowing proof of conviction of crime for the purpose of impeachment applies only to convictions for the violation of a state law, and a witness cannot be impeached by proof of a conviction for a violation of a municipal ordinance.

• 2. *Same; Moral Turpitude.*— Moral turpitude signifies an inherent quality of baseness, vileness or depravity, and hence, an illegal sale of intoxicating liquors is not within the category of crime involving moral turpitude, and a conviction therefor is not competent to impeach a witness’s credibility.

3. *Same; Bias or Prejudice.*— Where the prosecuting witness had been convicted of. an illegal sale of intoxicating liquors, and the defendant was being prosecuted for grand larceny, there .is no such connection between the conviction of the witness and the crime for *84which the defendant is being tried, as to warrant the admission of testimony showing the witness’s conviction to establish bias or prejudice.

4. *Samo; Examination; Cross.*— The range and extent of cross examination rests largely in the discretion of the trial court, and such action will not be reviewed unless abuse is shown.

5. *Same.*— Where, in his direct examination, the defendant opened an inquiry, the state may go into it on cross examination.

6. *Larceny; Evidence.*— Where defendant was accused of stealing money which a customer laid on his table, testimony that the prosecuting witness, who missed the money after he left the shop, and returned on its being discovered after a search, stated, in the presence of defendant, that the money which was found by the search was tied in a different way from the way he had tied it, was admissible.

7. *Same.*— Where a barber was accused of having stolen money which a customer had laid on his table and left, testimony by a police officer as to the length of time after the barber stopped searching his premises until a search warrant was obtained was admissible.

8. *Same; Instruction.-*— The refusal of an instruction authorizing an acquittal of larceny based on a reasonable doubt growing solely out of a consideration of evidence showing defendant’s good character for honesty, is proper.

9. *Costs; Imprisonment.*— Under section 7685, Code 1907, where hard labor is imposed on failure to pay costs, the additional sentence for labor should provide for the payment of costs at the rate of 75 cents per day.

Appeal from Colbert Circuit Court.

Heard before Hon. C. P. Almon.

John Swope was convicted of larceny, and he appeals.

Corrected and affirmed.

James H. Branoi-x, for appellant.

The prosecuting witness had been convicted of selling whisky illegally, and the defendant should have been permitted to show *it.*— Mitchell *v. The*State, 94 Ala. 73; *Smith v. The State,*129 Ala. 89. This applies to the policeman Atkinson. Counsel discuss other assignments of error relative to evidence, but without citation of authority. The court erred in refusing the charges asked. — 86 111. 386; 88 111. 458; 40 la. 638; 44 la. 104; 49 Cal. 577; *Armour v. The State,*63 Ala. 173; *WilUams v. The State,*52 Ala. 411.

*85B. O. BrickklIí, Attorney General, and W. L. Martin, Assistant Attorney General, for the State.

To impeach a witness for conviction for crime, it must he shown that he has been convicted of an offense against the laws of the state involving moral *turpitude.*—Smith *v. The*State, 161 Ala. 94; *Crawford v. The*State, 112 Ala. 1; *McQueen v. The*State, 108' Ala. 54. Where a defendant opens a subject the state may go into it on *cross-examination.*— Wall *v. The*State, 56 South. 57. The court properly refused the charges *asked.*— Coppin *v. The State,*128 Ala. 58; *Dabney v. The*State, 113 Ala. 58; *Miller v. The*State, 107 Ala. 40.

PELHAM, J.

The defendant was tried and convicted of grand larceny. It appears from the evidence, as set out in the bill of exceptions, that in December, 1910, the defendant was conducting a barber shop in the town of Sheffield, when one S. N. Sherman and a friend, named Henry Armenia, went into the shop to get shaved. While in the place being shaved by the defendant, Sherman, according to the state’s evidence, took a package of money tied up with a string, and consisting of two $100 bills and several other bills of smaller denomination, in all amounting to the sum of $500, from his pocket and laid the roll of money on a shelf in front of a mirror. After being waited upon by the defendant, Sherman and his friend, Armenia, left the shop and went into a restaurant next door and ate dinner. Upon coming out of the restaurant, Sherman felt in his pocket for the roll of bills and found that it was not there, and returned immediately to the defendant’s barber shop, which he found locked up, with no one inside. Subsequently» when the defendant came back to the shop, one Atkinson, a policeman of the town, and the chief of police, who had been provided with a search warrant, *86searched the defendant’s place of business and found a roll of bills, tied up with a string, containing two $100 bills, and other smaller, bills, amounting in all to the sum of $218. Tñe witness Sherman testified that when the package of money was found the string around it was tied in a different way than when placed by him in front of the mirror, and that he could see it had been untied and some of it was missing. The policeman, Atkinson, testified that the defendant at first offered no objection to his premises being searched, but that after the search had commenced, and while they were thus engaged, the defendant offered objection to further search, and a search warrant was sworn out, and that when the search, proceeded he (Atkinson) and defendant started towards the back part of the shop, when the defendant rushed up to a tub setting under a water drip and “grabbed up the tub and grabbed the money.” The witness then testified that after a scuffle with the defendant, the defendant shoved the money through a hole in the floor; whereupon the witness, who was holding to and scuffling with the defendant, called to the chief, who came up and took the money out of the hole in the floor. Peter Shont,' the chief of police, testified substantially in corroboration of the policeman, and Henry Armenia testified to Sherman’s having left the $500 in bills on the shelf in defendant’s shop. This witness testified that he had counted the roll of bills, and that he knew it contained exactly $500.

The defendánt denied all knowledge of any connection with the money, or of having seen it until the roll of bills was taken from the hole in the floor by the chief of police. Several witnesses were examined by the defendant, who testified to his general good character and reputation for honesty.

On .the cross-examination of the witness Sherman by the defendant, he was asked if he had not been charged *87in the “courts at Huntsville” for selling liquor, and if lie bad not been fined in sucb courts for that offense. Tbe court properly sustained tbe objection made by tbe state’s counsel to these questions. For aught that appeared from tbe question, tbe defendant was seeking to show a conviction for tbe violation of a municipal ordinance in tbe mayor’s court at Huntsville; and tbe competency of evidence showing a conviction of crime going to tbe credibility of a -witness contemplates only convictions for violation of tbe state *laws.*—Cheatham *v. State,*59 Ala. 40. Nor are we prepared to say that moral turpitude, signifying an inherent quality of baseness, vileness, or depravity, was involved in tbe crime sought to be *shown.*—Gillman *v. State,*165 Ala. 185, 51 South. 722. Between tbe fact sought to be elicited and tbe offense charged against defendant, there was not sucb a connection as would warrant an inference that tbe witness was biased because of having been charged or convicted of selling liquor; nor is there any phase of tbe case that would have been in tbe least illumined by proof of sucb *fact.*—Wither*son v. State,*140 Ala. 165, 37 South. 265. What we have said in reference to tbe ruling of tbe court on this matter disposes of the defendant’s exception to tbe court’s sustaining tbe solicitor’s objection to tbe question asked tbe witness Atkinson, on cross-examination, about having resigned from tbe police force because of some charge having been preferred against him.

There was no error committed by tbe court in allowing tbe witness Sbont to testify that tbe prosecuting witness stated in bis presence, and in tbe presence of tbe defendant, at tbe time tbe roll of bills was taken by witness from tbe bole in tbe floor, that it was tied in a different way from tbe way be bad tied it.

There was no abuse of the discretion lodged in tbe trial court in tbe cross-examination of tbe defendant. *88The range and extent of cross-examination rests largely in the discretion of the trial court, and, unless it be clearly shown that the discretion has been abused, the court will not be put in *error.*—Smiley *v. Hooper,*147 Ala. 646, 41 South. 660; *Noblin v. State,*100 Ala. 13, 14 South. 767.

' The defendant had seen fit to open up the subject relative to the whisky, and it was entirely permissible for the solicitor to go into the matter on cross-examination.*—Wall v. State,*2 Ala. App. 157, 56 South. 57.

There is no merit in the objection to the question asked the witness Atkinson as to how long it was from the time the search of the defendant’s premises was stopped by him until the warrant was procured and the search continued.

The refused charge requested by defendant bases an acquittal on part of the evidence, *i. e.,*an acquittal based on a reasonable doubt growing out of a consideration alone of defendant’s good character for honesty. The charge was properly *refused.*—Coppin *v. State,*123 Ala. 58, 26 South. 333; *Miller v. State,*107 Ala. 40, 19 South. 37; *Goldsmith v. State,*105 Ala. 8, 16 South. 933; *Springfield v. State,*96 Ala. 81, 11 South. 250, 38 Am. St. Rep. 85; *Grant v. State,*97 Ala. 35, 11 South. 915.

The judgment entry shows that the defendant was sentenced to hard labor for the county for costs at the rate of 40 cents per day, when the sentence should be at the rate of 75 cents per day. The judgment will be here corrected as to the rate, and, as thus corrected, is affirmed.—Code, § 7635; *Dowling v. City of Troy,*1 Ala. App. 508, 56 South 116; *J. W. Loudermilk v. State, infra,*58 South. 180, and authorities there cited.

Corrected and affirmed.