Cr Pr 2-2 (5-09) 

Washington, D.C.

Crop 

Production

Released May 12, 2009, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For 

information on Crop Production call (202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. 

Winter Wheat Production Down 20 Percent from 2008 

All Orange Production Unchanged from April 

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.50 billion bushels, down 20 percent from 2008. Expected area for harvest as 

grain or seed totals 34.0 million acres, down 14 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the U.S. yield is 

forecast at 44.2 bushels per acre, down 3.0 bushels from the previous year. 

Hard Red production is down 16 percent from a year ago to 871 million bushels. Soft Red production is down 

31 percent and totals 422 million bushels. White production totals 208 million bushels, down 5 percent from a year 

ago. Of the White production total, 20.8 million bushels are Hard White and 188 million bushels are Soft White. 

The U.S. all orange forecast for the 2008-09 season is 9.16 million tons, unchanged from the April forecast but 

9 percent lower than the 2007-08 final utilization of 10.1 million tons. The Florida all orange forecast, at 158 million 

boxes (7.09 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from last season’s final 

utilization. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 84.6 million boxes (3.81 million tons), 

unchanged from the April forecast but up 1 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia forecast, at 73.0 million 

boxes (3.29 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but 16 percent less than the 2007-08 crop. The 

monthly row count survey indicated that harvest of early, midseason, and navel oranges was essentially complete for 

the season and that approximately 52 percent of the Valencia orange rows had been harvested. Valencia fruit size 

continued to measure below average and the rate of fruit drop remained slightly above average. Arizona, California, 

and Texas orange production forecasts are carried forward from April. 

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2008-09 season is 1.65 gallons per box at 

42 degrees Brix, up 1 percent from the April forecast but 1 percent lower than last season’s record yield of 1.67 gallons 

per box. The early-midseason portion is final at a record high 1.60 gallons per box, up 3 percent from last season’s 

final yield of 1.55 gallons per box. The Valencia portion increased from 1.70 gallons per box to 1.73 gallons per box, 

3 percent lower than last year’s final yield of 1.79 gallons per box. All projections of yield assume the processing 

relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 2 NASS, USDA 

This report was approved on May 12, 2009. 

Acting Secretary of 

Agriculture 

Kathleen A. Merrigan 

Agricultural Statistics Board 

Chairperson 

Carol C. House 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 3 NASS, USDA 

Contents

 

Page 

Grains & Hay

 Hay Stocks .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 

 Wheat, By Class...................................................................................................................................................... 5 

 Wheat, Durum......................................................................................................................................................... 5 

 Wheat, Winter ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops

 Cotton.................................................................................................................................................................... 14 

 Cumulative Boll Counts..................................................................................................................................... 17 

 Harvest Loss per Acre........................................................................................................................................ 16 

 Cottonseed............................................................................................................................................................. 16 

 Tobacco................................................................................................................................................................... 9 

Noncitrus Fruits & Tree Nuts

 Almonds................................................................................................................................................................ 13 

 Bananas ................................................................................................................................................................. 12 

 Guavas................................................................................................................................................................... 12 

 Papayas.................................................................................................................................................................. 12 

 Peaches.................................................................................................................................................................. 13 

Citrus Fruits 

 Grapefruit ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 

 Lemons.................................................................................................................................................................... 7 

 Oranges ................................................................................................................................................................... 7 

 Tangelos.................................................................................................................................................................. 7 

 Tangerines and Mandarins ...................................................................................................................................... 7 

Potatoes & Miscellaneous Crops

 Potatoes ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 

 Taro ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 

Crop Comments ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 

Crop Summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 18 

Information Contacts................................................................................................................................................ 34 

Reliability of Production Data in this Report......................................................................................................... 32 

Weather Maps........................................................................................................................................................... 24 

Weather Summary.................................................................................................................................................... 25 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 4 NASS, USDA 

Winter Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007-2008 and Forecasted May 1, 2009 

Harvested Yield Production State 

2008 2009 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AR 

CA 

CO 

GA 

ID 

IL 

IN 

KS 

KY 

MD 

MI 

MS 

MO 

MT 

ND 

NE 

NY 

NC 

OH 

OK 

OR 

PA 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

VA 

WA 

WI 

Oth 

 Sts 1

US 

980 

400 

1,900 

400 

800 

1,150 

560 

8,900 

460 

180 

710 

485 

1,160 

2,420 

550 

1,670 

122 

720 

1,090 

4,500 

775 

185 

205 

1,890 

520 

3,300 

280 

1,720 

335 

1,247 

39,614 

430 

280 

2,300 

240 

700 

800 

430 

8,500 

400 

180 

570 

200 

750 

2,400 

490 

1,600 

110 

510 

990 

3,500 

720 

180 

160 

1,550 

300 

2,400 

245 

1,700 

305 

1,055 

33,995 

57.0 

85.0 

30.0 

56.0 

75.0 

64.0 

69.0 

40.0 

71.0 

73.0 

69.0 

62.0 

48.0 

39.0 

41.0 

44.0 

63.0 

60.0 

68.0 

37.0 

58.0 

64.0 

54.0 

55.0 

63.0 

30.0 

71.0 

56.0 

66.0 

53.0 

47.2 

54.0 

80.0 

32.0 

50.0 

82.0 

63.0 

69.0 

40.0 

72.0 

67.0 

69.0 

60.0 

51.0 

39.0 

46.0 

42.0 

58.0 

55.0 

66.0 

23.0 

53.0 

59.0 

51.0 

49.0 

64.0 

27.0 

66.0 

60.0 

62.0 

43.0 

44.2 

28,700 

21,465 

91,650 

9,200 

51,830 

48,950 

20,720 

283,800 

12,000 

10,560 

34,450 

18,480 

37,840 

83,220 

21,805 

84,280 

4,505 

20,000 

44,530 

98,000 

38,160 

8,990 

4,050 

91,080 

10,660 

140,600 

13,120 

104,780 

18,360 

43,456 

1,499,241 

55,860 

34,000 

57,000 

22,400 

60,000 

73,600 

38,640 

356,000 

32,660 

13,140 

48,990 

30,070 

55,680 

94,380 

22,550 

73,480 

7,686 

43,200 

74,120 

166,500 

44,950 

11,840 

11,070 

103,950 

32,760 

99,000 

19,880 

96,320 

22,110 

66,067 

1,867,903 

23,220 

22,400 

73,600 

12,000 

57,400 

50,400 

29,670 

340,000 

28,800 

12,060 

39,330 

12,000 

38,250 

93,600 

22,540 

67,200 

6,380 

28,050 

65,340 

80,500 

38,160 

10,620 

8,160 

75,950 

19,200 

64,800 

16,170 

102,000 

18,910 

45,364 

1,502,074 

1

 Other States include AL, AZ, DE, FL, IA, LA, MN, NV, NJ, NM, UT, WV, and WY. Individual State level estimates will be published in the 

"Small Grains 2009 Summary." 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 5 NASS, USDA 

Durum Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State 

and United States, 2007-2008 and Forecasted May 1, 2009 1

Area Harvested Yield Production State 

2008 2009 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

AZ 

CA 

MT 

ND 

Oth 

 Sts 2

US 

149 

155 

570 

1,690 

20 

2,584 

125 

135 

98.0 

105.0 

19.0 

25.0 

46.0 

32.8 

105.0 

90.0 

8,364 

8,000 

11,400 

43,070 

1,390 

72,224 

14,602 

16,275 

10,830 

42,250 

920 

84,877 

13,125 

12,150 

1

 Area harvested for the U.S. and remaining States will be published in "Acreage" released June 30, 2009. Yield and production will be published 

in "Crop Production" released July 10, 2009. 2

 Other States include ID and SD. Individual State level estimates will be published in the "Small Grains 2009 Summary." 

Wheat: Production by Class, United States, 2007-2008 

and Forecasted May 1, 2009 1

Winter 

Year Hard 

Red 

Soft 

Red 

Hard 

White 

Soft 

White 

All 

White 

1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

 2007 

 2008 

 2009 

955,555 

1,035,235 

871,394 

352,026 

613,578 

422,313 

21,454 

22,730 

20,764 

170,206 

196,360 

187,603 

191,660 

219,090 

208,367 

Spring 

Hard 

Red 

Hard 

White 

Soft 

White 

All 

White Durum 

Total 

1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 

 2007 

 2008 

 2009 

450,070 

511,508 

5,585 

6,315 

23,968 

28,921 

29,553 

35,236 

72,224 

84,877 

2,051,088 

2,499,524 

1

 Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both survey and administrative data. The previous end-ofseason class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 6 NASS, USDA 

Hay: Stocks on Farms by State and United States, 

December 1 and May 1, 2006-2009 

Dec 1 May 1 State 

2006 2007 2008 2007 2008 2009 

1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

AL 

AZ 

AR 

CA 

CO 

CT 

DE 

FL 

GA 

ID 

IL 

IN 

IA 

KS 

KY 

LA 

ME 

MD 

MA 

MI 

MN 

MS 

MO 

MT 

NE 

NV 

NH 

NJ 

NM 

NY 

NC 

ND 

OH 

OK 

OR 

PA 

RI 

SC 

SD 

TN 

TX 

UT 

VT 

VA 

WA 

WV 

WI 

WY 

US 

1,065 

350 

2,140 

1,785 

2,130 

65 

18 

380 

878 

2,575 

1,690 

1,475 

3,900 

4,390 

4,550 

690 

140 

452 

84 

2,385 

4,200 

1,186 

5,415 

4,105 

3,575 

879 

66 

97 

470 

1,451 

1,280 

4,375 

2,155 

3,275 

1,840 

3,485 

8 

468 

5,120 

3,103 

7,550 

1,410 

223 

2,190 

1,339 

816 

3,577 

1,600 

96,400 

1,318 

260 

2,700 

1,890 

2,400 

69 

8 

492 

1,013 

2,400 

1,100 

973 

3,500 

5,465 

3,312 

820 

160 

240 

74 

1,700 

3,140 

1,459 

6,662 

4,530 

4,205 

767 

57 

68 

580 

1,674 

682 

4,990 

1,653 

6,100 

1,700 

1,750 

6 

350 

7,816 

2,121 

13,400 

1,130 

228 

1,705 

1,335 

720 

3,467 

1,900 

104,089 

1,540 

475 

3,020 

2,380 

1,975 

65 

20 

587 

1,319 

2,012 

1,386 

1,191 

3,918 

5,700 

4,169 

921 

145 

431 

77 

1,998 

3,891 

1,365 

7,744 

3,831 

4,115 

1,000 

70 

94 

600 

1,453 

962 

4,032 

1,992 

4,595 

1,561 

2,500 

10 

451 

7,660 

3,038 

8,483 

1,300 

175 

2,174 

1,182 

916 

3,603 

1,532 

103,658 

144 

35 

160 

202 

290 

12 

4 

21 

82 

320 

325 

198 

684 

600 

600 

57 

27 

60 

13 

350 

740 

78 

625 

760 

840 

202 

12 

10 

105 

326 

120 

609 

356 

400 

180 

520 

3 

65 

1,150 

425 

885 

185 

38 

268 

240 

136 

1,308 

220 

14,990 

150 

36 

530 

250 

520 

8 

1 

66 

145 

300 

210 

93 

640 

1,100 

186 

100 

27 

52 

12 

320 

535 

196 

900 

1,025 

990 

90 

6 

5 

125 

283 

79 

1,260 

165 

1,600 

150 

500 

1 

55 

1,930 

215 

4,906 

215 

60 

226 

200 

92 

790 

240 

21,585 

375 

50 

570 

470 

400 

9 

4 

58 

238 

450 

300 

185 

750 

1,350 

465 

60 

18 

111 

12 

450 

790 

214 

2,050 

590 

935 

170 

8 

26 

105 

420 

311 

700 

325 

1,000 

270 

700 

1 

115 

1,900 

552 

2,100 

285 

37 

450 

350 

156 

950 

230 

22,065 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 7 NASS, USDA 

Citrus Fruits: Utilized Production by Crop, State, and United States, 

2006-07, 2007-08 and Forecasted May 1, 2009 1

Utilized Production 

Boxes 

Utilized Production 

Crop and State Ton Equivalent 

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 

1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

Oranges 

 Early, Mid & 

 Navel 3

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL 

 TX 4

 US 

 Valencia 

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL 

 TX 4

 US 

 All 

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL 

 TX 4

 US 

Grapefruit 

 White 

 FL 

 Colored 

 FL 

 All 

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL 

 TX 4

 US 

Tangerines and Mandarins 

 AZ 4 5

 CA 4 5

 FL 

 US 

Lemons 4

 AZ 

 CA 

 US 

Tangelos 

 FL 

200 

34,500 

65,600 

1,600 

101,900 

100 

11,500 

63,400 

380 

75,380 

300 

46,000 

129,000 

1,980 

177,280 

9,300 

17,900 

100 

5,500 

27,200 

7,100 

39,900 

300 

3,500 

4,600 

8,400 

2,500 

18,500 

21,000 

1,250 

230 

45,000 

83,500 

1,500 

130,230 

150 

17,000 

86,700 

234 

104,084 

380 

62,000 

170,200 

1,734 

234,314 

9,000 

17,600 

100 

5,200 

26,600 

6,100 

38,000 

400 

6,700 

5,500 

12,600 

1,500 

14,800 

16,300 

1,500 

150 

38,000 

84,600 

1,550 

124,300 

150 

15,000 

73,000 

150 

88,300 

300 

53,000 

157,600 

1,700 

212,600 

7,000 

15,500 

150 

4,400 

22,500 

6,200 

33,250 

250 

6,700 

3,900 

10,850 

2,500 

19,000 

21,500 

1,150 

7 

1,294 

2,952 

68 

4,321 

4 

431 

2,853 

16 

3,304 

11 

1,725 

5,805 

84 

7,625 

395 

761 

3 

184 

1,156 

284 

1,627 

11 

131 

219 

361 

95 

703 

798 

56 

9 

1,688 

3,757 

64 

5,518 

6 

638 

3,902 

10 

4,556 

15 

2,326 

7,659 

74 

10,074 

383 

748 

3 

174 

1,131 

244 

1,552 

15 

251 

261 

527 

57 

562 

619 

68 

6 

1,425 

3,807 

66 

5,304 

6 

563 

3,285 

6 

3,860 

12 

1,988 

7,092 

72 

9,164 

298 

659 

5 

147 

957 

248 

1,357 

9 

251 

185 

445 

95 

722 

817 

52 

1

 The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year. 2

 Net lbs. per box: oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-AZ & CA-67, FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos-90; tangerines and 

mandarins-AZ & CA-75, FL-95. 3

 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in AZ and CA. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in FL and TX. Small quantities of tangerines 

in TX. 4

 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast. 

5

 Includes tangelos and tangors. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 8 NASS, USDA 

Spring Potatoes: Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production 

by State and United States, 2007-2009 

Area 

Planted Harvested 

Yield Production 

State 

2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2007 2008 2009 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Cwt Cwt 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt 

AZ 

CA 

FL 

 Hastings 

 Other FL 

NC 

TX 

Total 

3.5 

15.4 

28.5 

17.4 

11.1 

14.5 

8.4 

70.3 

4.0 

17.5 

29.3 

17.8 

11.5 

16.0 

8.8 

75.6 

3.5 

15.4 

27.9 

17.0 

10.9 

14.0 

8.0 

68.8 

4.0 

17.5 

28.6 

17.4 

11.2 

15.0 

8.3 

73.4 

300 

450 

285 

285 

285 

180 

210 

293 

280 

430 

274 

290 

250 

195 

230 

291 

1,120 

6,123 

7,807 

4,617 

3,190 

2,700 

2,070 

19,820 

1,050 

6,930 

7,952 

4,845 

3,107 

2,520 

1,680 

20,132 

1,120 

7,525 

7,846 

5,046 

2,800 

2,925 

1,909 

21,325 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 9 NASS, USDA 

Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value 

by State and United States, 2007-2008 1

Area Harvested Yield Production State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 

Acres Acres Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

CT 

GA 

KY 

MA 

MO 

NC 

OH 

PA 

SC 

TN 

VA 

US 

2,900 

18,500 

89,200 

1,320 

1,600 

170,000 

3,500 

7,900 

20,500 

19,980 

20,600 

356,000 

2,600 

16,000 

87,800 

690 

1,500 

174,300 

3,400 

7,900 

19,000 

21,800 

19,500 

354,490 

1,733 

2,150 

2,209 

1,725 

2,330 

2,255 

2,050 

2,318 

2,250 

1,934 

2,240 

2,213 

1,352 

2,100 

2,345 

1,403 

2,240 

2,240 

2,050 

2,232 

2,100 

2,403 

2,357 

2,258 

5,025 

39,775 

197,040 

2,277 

3,728 

383,420 

7,175 

18,310 

46,125 

38,636 

46,142 

787,653 

3,516 

33,600 

205,850 

968 

3,360 

390,360 

6,970 

17,630 

39,900 

52,380 

45,970 

800,504 

Price 

per Pound 

Value of 

Production 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

Dollars Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars 

CT 2

GA 

KY 

MA 2

MO 

NC 

OH 

PA 3

SC 

TN 

VA 

CT & MA 4

US 3 5

6.400 

1.530 

1.732 

6.600 

1.650 

1.531 

1.570 

1.650 

1.500 

1.962 

1.543 

24.500 

1.693 

5.900 

1.700 

1.859 

5.500 

1.750 

1.760 

1.630 

1.735 

1.740 

2.109 

1.790 

1.861 

22,496 

60,856 

341,268 

12,923 

6,151 

587,029 

11,265 

26,219 

69,188 

75,823 

71,206 

44,811 

1,329,235 

13,841 

57,120 

382,593 

4,015 

5,880 

686,921 

11,361 

24,040 

69,426 

110,448 

82,296 

1,482,437 

1

 2008 revised. 

2

 Price and value includes CT Valley Broadleaf only. CT Valley Shade-grown is not included in State totals to avoid disclosure of individual 

operations. 3

 Price and value for 2007 and 2008 exclude Southern MD Belt tobacco to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 4

 Includes CT Valley Shade-grown only. CT and MA combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Price and value not available for 

2008. 5

 Includes estimated 2008 value of production for CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown. Used 2007 CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown price 

to compute the 2008 value of production. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 10 NASS, USDA 

Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class, Type, 

State, and United States, 2007-2008 1

Area Harvested Yield Production Class and Type 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 

Acres Acres Pounds Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Class 1, Flue-cured 

 GA 

 NC 

 SC 

 VA 

 US 

Class 2, Fire-cured 

 KY 

 TN 

 VA 

 US 

Class 3, Air-cured 

 Light Air-cured 

 Burley 

 KY 

 MO 

 NC 

 OH 

 PA 

 TN 

 VA 

 US 

 Southern MD Belt 

 PA 

 Total Light Air-cured 

 Dark Air-cured 

 KY 

 TN 

 US 

Class 4, Cigar Filler 

 PA Seedleaf 

 PA 

Class 5, Cigar Binder 

 CT Valley Binder 

 CT 

 MA 

 US 

Class 6, Cigar Wrapper 

 CT Valley Shade-grown 

 CT 

 MA 

 US 

All Cigar Types 

All Tobacco 

18,500 

166,000 

20,500 

18,000 

223,000 

8,000 

6,200 

400 

14,600 

77,000 

1,600 

4,000 

3,500 

5,000 

13,000 

2,200 

106,300 

1,100 

107,400 

4,200 

780 

4,980 

1,800 

1,900 

1,100 

3,000 

1,000 

220 

1,220 

6,020 

356,000 

16,000 

171,000 

19,000 

17,000 

223,000 

10,900 

7,200 

500 

18,600 

70,000 

1,500 

3,300 

3,400 

4,300 

13,000 

2,000 

97,500 

1,800 

99,300 

6,900 

1,600 

8,500 

1,800 

1,700 

500 

2,200 

900 

190 

1,090 

5,090 

354,490 

2,150 

2,270 

2,250 

2,280 

2,259 

3,000 

2,600 

1,920 

2,801 

2,100 

2,330 

1,650 

2,050 

2,350 

1,600 

1,970 

2,033 

2,200 

2,035 

2,700 

2,200 

2,622 

2,300 

1,850 

1,780 

1,824 

1,510 

1,450 

1,499 

1,901 

2,213 

2,100 

2,250 

2,100 

2,410 

2,239 

3,500 

3,200 

2,000 

3,344 

2,100 

2,240 

1,700 

2,050 

2,300 

1,900 

2,000 

2,067 

2,100 

2,068 

3,000 

2,900 

2,981 

2,200 

1,380 

1,460 

1,398 

1,300 

1,250 

1,292 

1,659 

2,258 

39,775 

376,820 

46,125 

41,040 

503,760 

24,000 

16,120 

768 

40,888 

161,700 

3,728 

6,600 

7,175 

11,750 

20,800 

4,334 

216,087 

2,420 

218,507 

11,340 

1,716 

13,056 

4,140 

3,515 

1,958 

5,473 

1,510 

319 

1,829 

11,442 

787,653 

33,600 

384,750 

39,900 

40,970 

499,220 

38,150 

23,040 

1,000 

62,190 

147,000 

3,360 

5,610 

6,970 

9,890 

24,700 

4,000 

201,530 

3,780 

205,310 

20,700 

4,640 

25,340 

3,960 

2,346 

730 

3,076 

1,170 

238 

1,408 

8,444 

800,504 

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 11 NASS, USDA 

Tobacco: Price and Value by Class, Type, State, 

and United States, 2007-2008 1

 (continued) 

Price per 

Pound 

Value of 

Class and Type Production 

2007 2008 2007 2008 

Dollars Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars 

Class 1, Flue-cured 

 GA 

 NC 

 SC 

 VA 

 US 

Class 2, Fire-cured 

 KY 

 TN 

 VA 

 US 

Class 3, Air-cured 

 Light Air-cured 

 Burley 

 KY 

 MO 

 NC 

 OH 

 PA 

 TN 

 VA 

 US 

 Southern MD Belt 

 PA 2

 Total Light Air-cured 2

 Dark Air-cured 

 KY 

 TN 

 US 

Class 4, Cigar Filler 

 PA Seedleaf 

 PA 

Class 5, Cigar Binder 

 CT Valley Binder 

 CT 

 MA 

 US 

Class 6, Cigar Wrapper 

CT Valley Shade-grown 

 CT 2

 MA 2

 US 3

All Cigar Types 4

All Tobacco 5

1.530 

1.530 

1.500 

1.530 

1.527 

2.400 

2.420 

2.040 

2.401 

1.600 

1.650 

1.590 

1.570 

1.650 

1.590 

1.580 

1.601 

2.200 

2.180 

2.197 

1.650 

6.400 

6.600 

6.472 

24.500 

7.609 

1.693 

1.700 

1.760 

1.740 

1.790 

1.757 

2.450 

2.490 

2.160 

2.460 

1.650 

1.750 

1.740 

1.630 

1.750 

1.730 

1.700 

1.669 

2.250 

2.230 

2.246 

1.700 

5.900 

5.500 

5.805 

3.495 

1.861 

60,856 

576,535 

69,188 

62,791 

769,370 

57,600 

39,010 

1,567 

98,177 

258,720 

6,151 

10,494 

11,265 

19,388 

33,072 

6,848 

345,938 

24,948 

3,741 

28,689 

6,831 

22,496 

12,923 

35,419 

44,811 

87,061 

1,329,235 

57,120 

677,160 

69,426 

73,336 

877,042 

93,468 

57,370 

2,160 

152,998 

242,550 

5,880 

9,761 

11,361 

17,308 

42,731 

6,800 

336,391 

46,575 

10,347 

56,922 

6,732 

13,841 

4,015 

17,856 

24,588 

1,482,437 

1

 2008 revised. 

2

 Price and value not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 3

 Price and value not available for 2008. 

4

 The 2008 price and value exclude CT Valley Shade-grown. 

5

 Includes estimated 2008 value of production for CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown. Used 2007 CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown price to 

compute the 2008 value production. Excludes Southern MD belt tobacco for 2007 and 2008 to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 12 NASS, USDA 

Papayas: Area and Fresh Production by Month, Hawaii, 2008-2009 

Area Fresh Production 1

Month Total in Crop Harvested 

2008 2009 2008 2009 

2008 2009 

Acres Acres Acres Acres 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Feb 

Mar 

2,040 

2,040 

2,330 

2,330 

1,430 

1,430 

1,400 

1,470 

2,645 

2,620 

2,300 

2,600 

1

 Utilized fresh production. 

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro: Area Harvested, Yield, 

and Production, Hawaii, 2007-2008 1

Area Harvested Yield Production Crop 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 

Acres Acres 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

Bananas 2

Guavas 2

Papayas 2

Taro 3

1,300 

170 

1,310 

380 

1,100 

160 

1,380 

390 

19.7 

25.3 

25.5 

15.8 

21.9 

24.3 

25,600 

4,300 

33,400 

4,000 

17,400 

3,500 

33,500 

4,300 

1

 2008 revised. 

2

 Only utilized production is estimated. 

3

 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Yield is not estimated. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 13 NASS, USDA 

Peaches: Total Production by Crop, California, 

2007-2008 and Forecasted May 1, 2009 

Total Production State 

2007 2008 2009 

Tons Tons Tons 

Freestone 

Clingstone 1

Total 

446,000 

503,000 

949,000 

426,000 

426,000 

852,000 

370,000 

430,000 

800,000 

1

 CA Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions. 

Almonds Utilized Production, California, 

2007-2008 and Forecasted May 1, 2009 

Utilized Production (Shelled Basis) State 

2007 2008 2009 

1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds 

CA 1,390,000 1,550,000 1,450,000 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 14 NASS, USDA 

Cotton: Area Planted and Harvested and Yield 

by Type, State, and United States, 2007-2008 

Area 

Planted 

Area 

Harvested Yield Type 

and 

State 2007 2008 1

 2007 2008 1 2007 2008 1

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Pounds Pounds 

Upland 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TN 

 TX 

 VA 

 US 

Amer-Pima 

 AZ 

 CA 

 NM 

 TX 

 US 

All 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TN 

 TX 

 VA 

 US 

400.0 

170.0 

860.0 

195.0 

85.0 

1,030.0 

47.0 

335.0 

660.0 

380.0 

43.0 

500.0 

175.0 

180.0 

515.0 

4,900.0 

60.0 

10,535.0 

2.5 

260.0 

4.7 

25.0 

292.2 

400.0 

172.5 

860.0 

455.0 

85.0 

1,030.0 

47.0 

335.0 

660.0 

380.0 

47.7 

500.0 

175.0 

180.0 

515.0 

4,925.0 

60.0 

10,827.2 

290.0 

135.0 

620.0 

120.0 

67.0 

940.0 

35.0 

300.0 

365.0 

306.0 

38.0 

430.0 

170.0 

135.0 

285.0 

5,000.0 

61.0 

9,297.0 

0.8 

155.0 

2.6 

15.6 

174.0 

290.0 

135.8 

620.0 

275.0 

67.0 

940.0 

35.0 

300.0 

365.0 

306.0 

40.6 

430.0 

170.0 

135.0 

285.0 

5,015.6 

61.0 

9,471.0 

385.0 

168.0 

850.0 

194.0 

81.0 

995.0 

43.0 

330.0 

655.0 

379.0 

39.0 

490.0 

165.0 

158.0 

510.0 

4,700.0 

59.0 

10,201.0 

2.5 

257.0 

4.6 

24.0 

288.1 

385.0 

170.5 

850.0 

451.0 

81.0 

995.0 

43.0 

330.0 

655.0 

379.0 

43.6 

490.0 

165.0 

158.0 

510.0 

4,724.0 

59.0 

10,489.1 

286.0 

133.0 

615.0 

117.0 

65.0 

920.0 

25.0 

234.0 

360.0 

303.0 

35.0 

428.0 

155.0 

134.0 

280.0 

3,250.0 

60.0 

7,400.0 

0.8 

151.0 

1.9 

15.0 

168.7 

286.0 

133.8 

615.0 

268.0 

65.0 

920.0 

25.0 

234.0 

360.0 

303.0 

36.9 

428.0 

155.0 

134.0 

280.0 

3,265.0 

60.0 

7,568.7 

519 

1,469 

1,071 

1,608 

687 

801 

639 

1,017 

966 

968 

1,095 

767 

817 

486 

565 

843 

829 

864 

883 

1,481 

856 

920 

1,419 

519 

1,460 

1,071 

1,536 

687 

801 

639 

1,017 

966 

968 

1,070 

767 

817 

486 

565 

843 

829 

879 

787 

1,462 

1,012 

1,506 

916 

835 

653 

576 

911 

1,106 

974 

847 

811 

881 

909 

657 

908 

803 

480 

1,281 

758 

768 

1,226 

787 

1,456 

1,012 

1,379 

916 

835 

653 

576 

911 

1,106 

963 

847 

811 

881 

909 

658 

908 

813 

1

 Revised. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 15 NASS, USDA 

Cotton: Production and Bales Ginned by Type, 

State, and United States, 2007-2008 

Production in 

480-lb Net Weight 

Bales 1

Lintseed 

Ratio 2

Bales Ginned in 

480-lb Net Weight 

Bales 3

Type 

and 

State 

2007 2008 4

 2007 2008 2007 2008 4

1,000 Bales 1,000 Bales Bales Bales 

Upland 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TN 

 TX 

 VA 

 US 

Amer-Pima 

 AZ 

 CA 

 NM 

 TX 

 US 

All 

 AL 

 AZ 

 AR 

 CA 

 FL 

 GA 

 KS 

 LA 

 MS 

 MO 

 NM 

 NC 

 OK 

 SC 

 TN 

 TX 

 VA 

 US 

416.0 

514.0 

1,896.0 

650.0 

116.0 

1,660.0 

57.2 

699.0 

1,318.0 

764.0 

89.0 

783.0 

281.0 

160.0 

600.0 

8,250.0 

101.9 

18,355.1 

4.6 

793.0 

8.2 

46.0 

851.8 

416.0 

518.6 

1,896.0 

1,443.0 

116.0 

1,660.0 

57.2 

699.0 

1,318.0 

764.0 

97.2 

783.0 

281.0 

160.0 

600.0 

8,296.0 

101.9 

19,206.9 

469.0 

405.0 

1,296.0 

367.0 

124.0 

1,600.0 

34.0 

281.0 

683.0 

698.0 

71.0 

755.0 

262.0 

246.0 

530.0 

4,450.0 

113.5 

12,384.5 

0.8 

403.0 

3.0 

24.0 

430.8 

469.0 

405.8 

1,296.0 

770.0 

124.0 

1,600.0 

34.0 

281.0 

683.0 

698.0 

74.0 

755.0 

262.0 

246.0 

530.0 

4,474.0 

113.5 

12,815.3 

0.408 

0.435 

0.424 

0.411 

0.429 

0.410 

0.410 

0.441 

0.427 

0.413 

0.434 

0.409 

409,900 

491,900 

1,849,700 

672,650 

105,900 

1,672,200 

53,500 

712,200 

1,300,650 

804,550 

51,100 

791,500 

283,550 

152,800 

602,100 

8,295,200 

98,050 

18,347,450 

4,550 

792,650 

10,500 

43,550 

851,250 

409,900 

496,450 

1,849,700 

1,465,300 

105,900 

1,672,200 

53,500 

712,200 

1,300,650 

804,550 

61,600 

791,500 

283,550 

152,800 

602,100 

8,338,750 

98,050 

19,198,700 

465,800 

386,800 

1,272,100 

383,500 

108,250 

1,620,450 

33,850 

287,100 

673,700 

715,900 

43,950 

766,400 

259,000 

239,750 

533,000 

4,485,300 

105,400 

12,380,250 

750 

403,200 

3,800 

22,850 

430,600 

465,800 

387,550 

1,272,100 

786,700 

108,250 

1,620,450 

33,850 

287,100 

673,700 

715,900 

47,750 

766,400 

259,000 

239,750 

533,000 

4,508,150 

105,400 

12,810,850 

1

 Production ginned and to be ginned. 

2

 Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average. 

3

 Equivalent 480-lb net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-State movement. 4

 Revised. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 16 NASS, USDA 

Cottonseed: Production and Farm Disposition 

by State and United States, 2007-2008 

Farm Disposition 

Production Sales to 

Oil Mills Other 1

Seed for 

Planting 2

State 

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 3

 2008 

1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 

AL 

AZ 

AR 

CA 

FL 

GA 

KS 

LA 

MS 

MO 

NM 

NC 

OK 

SC 

TN 

TX 

VA 

US 

151.0 

182.8 

671.0 

546.0 

32.9 

487.0 

20.0 

228.0 

467.0 

276.0 

33.5 

244.0 

106.5 

47.5 

203.0 

2,860.7 

31.8 

6,588.7 

139.0 

140.3 

443.0 

280.0 

32.6 

508.0 

12.7 

89.0 

230.0 

240.0 

25.0 

231.0 

90.5 

88.1 

169.0 

1,547.1 

35.0 

4,300.3 

25.5 

0.0 

508.0 

105.0 

28.2 

262.0 

4.0 

129.0 

408.0 

163.0 

0.0 

61.0 

92.4 

33.9 

156.0 

1,659.1 

0.0 

3,635.1 

22.0 

0.0 

357.0 

73.0 

28.5 

361.0 

0.0 

58.0 

204.0 

155.0 

0.0 

44.0 

87.2 

55.9 

146.0 

934.9 

0.0 

2,526.5 

125.5 

182.8 

163.0 

441.0 

4.7 

225.0 

16.0 

99.0 

59.0 

113.0 

33.5 

183.0 

14.1 

13.6 

47.0 

1,201.6 

31.8 

2,953.1 

117.0 

140.3 

86.0 

207.0 

4.1 

147.0 

12.7 

31.0 

26.0 

85.0 

25.0 

187.0 

3.3 

32.2 

23.0 

612.2 

35.0 

1,773.8 

1.8 

1.1 

4.2 

2.5 

0.3 

5.0 

0.2 

1.7 

2.8 

1.7 

0.2 

2.5 

1.1 

0.5 

3.7 

33.1 

0.6 

63.0 

1.7 

1.1 

3.4 

1.8 

0.3 

4.7 

0.2 

2.2 

2.0 

1.7 

0.3 

2.4 

1.0 

0.6 

2.0 

33.0 

0.6 

59.0 

1

 Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses. 2

 Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year. 3

 Revised. 

Cotton: Objective Yield Data 

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 6 cotton producing States during 

2008. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific 

counts and measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey. 

Cotton: Harvest Loss per Acre, by State, 2004-2008 

State 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds Pounds 

AR 

GA 

LA 

MS 

NC 

TX 

77 

128 

84 

77 

165 

49 

138 

139 

118 

73 

189 

59 

93 

183 

127 

68 

184 

56 

146 

185 

136 

103 

134 

52 

144 

146 

147 

118 

195 

65 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 17 NASS, USDA 

Cotton: Cumulative Boll Counts, Selected States, 2004-2008 1

State Month 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

 Number Number Number Number Number 

AR 

GA 

LA 

MS 

NC 

TX 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

Sep 

Oct 

Nov 

Dec 

Final 

864 

771 

753 

754 

754 

646 

690 

686 

687 

687 

635 

707 

691 

691 

691 

808 

789 

780 

780 

780 

758 

719 

732 

733 

733 

639 

672 

593 

624 

624 

811 

728 

733 

733 

733 

667 

689 

767 

767 

767 

746 

768 

775 

775 

775 

818 

729 

724 

722 

722 

799 

693 

721 

721 

721 

620 

516 

586 

585 

585 

859 

814 

849 

824 

824 

648 

675 

774 

790 

790 

760 

781 

786 

785 

785 

700 

699 

695 

695 

695 

637 

641 

671 

671 

671 

530 

477 

533 

544 

544 

790 

839 

849 

849 

849 

616 

570 

707 

708 

708 

796 

808 

841 

841 

841 

819 

745 

747 

747 

747 

527 

601 

625 

625 

625 

602 

538 

631 

632 

632 

943 

810 

852 

846 

846 

587 

613 

733 

742 

742 

655 

578 

579 

579 

579 

909 

679 

728 

722 

722 

667 

652 

702 

704 

704 

633 

513 

579 

573 

573 

1

 Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and 

burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 18 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2008-2009 

(Domestic Units) 1

Area Planted Area Harvested Crop 

2008 2009 2008 2009 

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 2

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 2

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 

 Upland 

 Amer-Pima 

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 

 Dry Edible Beans 

 Dry Edible Peas 

 Lentils 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 4

4,234.0 

85,982.0 

3,217.0 

520.0 

2,995.0 

1,260.0 

8,284.0 

63,147.0 

46,281.0 

2,731.0 

14,135.0 

1,011.0 

354.0 

79.5 

1,534.0 

0.2 

202.0 

75,718.0 

2,516.5 

9,471.0 

9,297.0 

174.0 

1,090.8 

17.5 

1,495.0 

882.5 

271.0 

1,058.8 

11.0 

70.3 

47.0 

930.5 

102.9 

3,953.0 

84,986.0 

3,400.0 

3,183.0 

6,960.0 

58,638.0 

42,889.0 

2,445.0 

13,304.0 

857.3 

386.0 

1,124.0 

76,024.0 

2,069.5 

8,811.5 

8,668.0 

143.5 

1,151.6 

19.0 

1,546.1 

966.0 

375.0 

9.0 

75.6 

101.9 

3,767.0 

78,640.0 

5,965.0 

60,062.0 

20,980.0 

39,082.0 

1,395.0 

460.0 

2,976.0 

269.0 

7,271.0 

408.0 

55,685.0 

39,614.0 

2,584.0 

13,487.0 

989.0 

340.0 

71.5 

1,507.0 

0.2 

195.0 

74,641.0 

2,396.0 

7,568.7 

7,400.0 

168.7 

1,004.6 

868.5 

354.5 

8.0 

1,445.2 

847.3 

263.0 

6.3 

0.1 

40.9 

60.0 

1,045.7 

11.0 

68.8 

44.8 

921.1 

20.4 

97.0 

0.4 

60,297.0 

33,995.0 

353.2 

9.0 

73.4 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2009 crop 

year. 2

 Area planted for all purposes. 

3

 Acreage is not estimated. 

4

 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 19 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2008-2009 

(Domestic Units) 1

Yield Production Crop Units 

2008 2009 2008 2009 

 1,000 1,000 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 2

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 2

 Upland 2

 Amer-Pima 2

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 2

 Dry Edible Beans 2

 Dry Edible Peas 2

 Lentils 2

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 3

Bu 

" 

Tons 

" 

" 

" 

Bu 

" 

Cwt 

Bu 

" 

Tons 

Bu 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

Tons 

Bu 

Lbs 

" 

" 

" 

Bu 

Lbs 

Bales 

" 

" 

Tons 

" 

Lbs 

Cwt 

" 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

" 

" 

" 

Cwt 

" 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

Cwt 

Lbs 

63.6 

153.9 

18.7 

2.43 

3.32 

1.95 

63.5 

32.3 

6,846 

29.7 

65.0 

13.8 

44.9 

47.2 

32.8 

40.5 

1,461 

16.8 

577 

3,416 

1,500 

1,592 

39.6 

1,429 

813 

803 

1,226 

26.7 

33.0 

2,258 

1,300 

1,768 

1,448 

917 

1,160 

30,000 

1,971 

92 

395 

230 

293 

306 

409 

118 

189 

44.2 

240 

291 

239,498 

12,101,238 

111,619 

145,672 

69,620 

76,052 

88,635 

14,880 

203,733 

7,979 

472,342 

5,646 

2,499,524 

1,867,903 

84,877 

546,744 

1,445,064 

4,300.3 

5,716 

41,255 

5,147,900 

300 

310,433 

2,959,174 

3,422,840 

12,815.3 

12,384.5 

430.8 

26,820 

28,636 

800,504 

104 

25,558 

12,270 

2,411 

580 

7,300 

1,800 

80,630.1 

5,499 

412,742 

2,530 

20,132 

13,694 

376,386 

2,399 

18,345 

4,300 

1,502,074 

2,160 

21,325 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2009 crop 

year. 2

 Yield in pounds. 

3

 Yield is not estimated. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 20 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2008-2009 

(Metric Units) 1

Area Planted Area Harvested Crop 

2008 2009 2008 2009 

Hectares Hectares Hectares Hectares 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 2

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 3

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 2

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 3

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 4

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 3

 Upland 

 Amer-Pima 

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 

 Dry Edible Beans 

 Dry Edible Peas 

 Lentils 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 4

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 3

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 5

1,713,460 

34,796,060 

1,301,890 

210,440 

1,212,050 

509,910 

3,352,450 

25,554,960 

18,729,460 

1,105,210 

5,720,290 

409,140 

143,260 

32,170 

620,790 

80 

81,750 

30,642,320 

1,018,400 

3,832,820 

3,762,400 

70,420 

441,440 

7,080 

605,010 

357,140 

109,670 

428,490 

4,450 

28,450 

19,020 

376,560 

41,640 

1,599,740 

34,392,980 

1,375,950 

1,288,130 

2,816,640 

23,730,210 

17,356,750 

989,470 

5,384,000 

346,940 

156,210 

454,870 

30,766,150 

837,510 

3,565,930 

3,507,850 

58,070 

466,040 

7,690 

625,690 

390,930 

151,760 

3,640 

30,590 

41,240 

1,524,470 

31,824,820 

2,413,980 

24,306,490 

8,490,400 

15,816,090 

564,540 

186,160 

1,204,360 

108,860 

2,942,500 

165,110 

22,535,160 

16,031,390 

1,045,720 

5,458,050 

400,240 

137,590 

28,940 

609,870 

80 

78,910 

30,206,470 

969,640 

3,062,980 

2,994,710 

68,270 

406,550 

351,470 

143,460 

3,240 

584,860 

342,890 

106,430 

2,550 

20 

16,550 

24,280 

423,180 

4,450 

27,840 

18,130 

372,760 

8,260 

39,250 

160 

24,401,590 

13,757,440 

142,940 

3,640 

29,700 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2009 crop 

year. 2

 Area planted for all purposes. 

3

 Total may not add due to rounding. 

4

 Acreage is not estimated. 

5

 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 21 NASS, USDA 

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2008-2009 

(Metric Units) 1

Yield Production Crop 

2008 2009 2008 2009 

Metric Tons Metric Tons Metric Tons Metric Tons 

Grains & Hay 

 Barley 

 Corn for Grain 

 Corn for Silage 

 Hay, All 2

 Alfalfa 

 All Other 

 Oats 

 Proso Millet 

 Rice 

 Rye 

 Sorghum for Grain 

 Sorghum for Silage 

 Wheat, All 2

 Winter 

 Durum 

 Other Spring 

Oilseeds 

 Canola 

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed 

 Mustard Seed 

 Peanuts 

 Rapeseed 

 Safflower 

 Soybeans for Beans 

 Sunflower 

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops 

 Cotton, All 2

 Upland 

 Amer-Pima 

 Sugarbeets 

 Sugarcane 

 Tobacco 

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils 

 Austrian Winter Peas 

 Dry Edible Beans 

 Dry Edible Peas 

 Lentils 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Potatoes & Misc. 

 Coffee (HI) 

 Ginger Root (HI) 

 Hops 

 Peppermint Oil 

 Potatoes, All 2

 Winter 

 Spring 

 Summer 

 Fall 

 Spearmint Oil 

 Sweet Potatoes 

 Taro (HI) 3

3.42 

9.66 

41.95 

5.44 

7.44 

4.36 

2.28 

1.81 

7.67 

1.86 

4.08 

31.02 

3.02 

3.17 

2.21 

2.73 

1.64 

1.06 

0.65 

3.83 

1.68 

1.78 

2.67 

1.60 

0.91 

0.90 

1.37 

59.85 

73.91 

2.53 

1.46 

1.98 

1.62 

1.03 

1.30 

33.63 

2.21 

0.10 

44.24 

25.78 

32.80 

34.26 

45.80 

0.13 

21.20 

2.97 

26.90 

32.56 

5,214,450 

307,385,600 

101,259,050 

132,151,420 

63,158,200 

68,993,210 

1,286,530 

337,470 

9,241,170 

202,680 

11,998,040 

5,121,970 

68,025,900 

50,835,990 

2,309,970 

14,879,930 

655,470 

3,901,170 

145,190 

18,710 

2,335,050 

140 

140,810 

80,535,520 

1,552,570 

2,790,200 

2,696,410 

93,800 

24,330,690 

25,978,140 

363,100 

4,720 

1,159,290 

556,560 

109,360 

26,310 

3,310 

820 

36,570 

2,490 

18,721,660 

114,760 

913,170 

621,150 

17,072,580 

1,090 

832,120 

1,950 

40,879,760 

97,980 

967,290 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2009 crop 

year. 2

 Production may not add due to rounding. 

3

 Yield is not estimated. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 22 NASS, USDA 

Fruits and Nuts Summary: Production, United States, 2007-2009 

(Domestic Units) 1

Production Crop Units 

2007 2008 2009 

 1,000 1,000 1,000 

Citrus 2

 Grapefruit 

 Lemons 

 Oranges 

 Tangelos (FL) 

 Tangerines and Mandarins 

Noncitrus 

 Apples 

 Apricots 

 Bananas (HI) 

 Grapes 

 Olives (CA) 

 Papayas (HI) 

 Peaches 

 Pears 

 Prunes, Dried (CA) 

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) 

Nuts & Misc. 

 Almonds (CA) (shelled) 

 Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell) 

 Pecans (in-shell) 

 Walnuts (CA) (in-shell) 

 Maple Syrup 

Tons 

" 

" 

" 

" 

1,000 Lbs 

Tons 

Lbs 

Tons 

" 

Lbs 

Tons 

" 

" 

" 

Lbs 

Tons 

Lbs 

Tons 

Gals 

1,627 

798 

7,625 

56 

361 

9,089.4 

88.5 

25,600.0 

7,037.3 

132.5 

33,400.0 

1,127.2 

873.0 

83.0 

12.1 

1,390,000 

37.0 

387,305 

328.0 

1,517 

1,552 

619 

10,074 

68 

527 

10,035.2 

81.5 

17,400.0 

7,434.9 

66.8 

33,500.0 

1,121.9 

818.5 

126.0 

15.6 

1,550,000 

32.0 

191,080 

375.0 

1,635 

1,357 

817 

9,164 

52 

445 

1,450,000 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2009 crop 

year, except citrus which is for the 2008-09 season. 2

 Production years are 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 23 NASS, USDA 

Fruits and Nuts Summary: Production, United States, 2007-2009 

(Metric Units) 1

Production Crop 

2007 2008 2009 

Metric tons Metric tons Metric tons 

Citrus 2

 Grapefruit 

 Lemons 

 Oranges 

 Tangelos (FL) 

 Tangerines and Mandarins 

Noncitrus 

 Apples 

 Apricots 

 Bananas (HI) 

 Grapes 

 Olives (CA) 

 Papayas (HI) 

 Peaches 

 Pears 

 Prunes, Dried (CA) 

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA) 

Nuts & Misc. 

 Almonds (CA) (shelled) 

 Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell) 

 Pecans (in-shell) 

 Walnuts (CA) (in-shell) 

 Maple Syrup 

1,475,990 

723,930 

6,917,280 

50,800 

327,490 

4,122,880 

80,250 

11,610 

6,384,090 

120,200 

15,150 

1,022,530 

791,930 

75,300 

10,980 

630,490 

33,570 

175,680 

297,560 

7,580 

1,407,950 

561,550 

9,138,980 

61,690 

478,090 

4,551,890 

73,940 

7,890 

6,744,840 

60,600 

15,200 

1,017,780 

742,490 

114,310 

14,150 

703,070 

29,030 

86,670 

340,190 

8,170 

1,231,050 

741,170 

8,313,440 

47,170 

403,700 

657,710 

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2009 crop 

year, except citrus which is for the 2008-09 season. 2

 Production years are 2006-07, 2007-08, and 2008-09. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 24 NASS, USDA 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 25 NASS, USDA 

April Weather Summary

Wet weather developed or intensified across much of the Plains, Midwest, and South, boosting soil moisture for 

pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops, but causing lowland flooding and limiting spring planting 

opportunities. Especially wet conditions enveloped the lower Southeast, including southern Georgia and northern 

Florida; a portion of the western Gulf Coast region, including the Houston area; and a broad belt stretching from eastern 

Kansas to Lower Michigan. In the latter region, only 5 percent of the intended corn acreage was planted by May 3 in 

Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. 

Conditions were far drier and more conducive to planting in a small area of the western Corn Belt. At least 40 percent 

of the corn was planted during the week ending April 26 in Iowa and Minnesota, and by May 3, planting progress 

reached 60 and 59 percent, respectively, in those 2 states. Relatively dry weather also prevailed in parts of the Dakotas, 

but fieldwork was severely limited by lingering wetness and flooding in the vicinity of the Red and James Rivers and 

several other basins. 

By May 5, the coverage of drought in the contiguous United States reached its lowest area (17 percent) since 

February 2001, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. However, April showers failed to dampen southern portions of 

Texas and Florida, resulting in drought intensification and heavy irrigation demands. Farther west, California remained 

mired in a 3-year drought, although February and March precipitation improved water-supply prospects from dismal, 

early-year expectations. Elsewhere west of the Rockies, near- to below-normal April temperatures accompanied mostly 

dry weather in the Southwest and rather stormy, often snowy conditions across the northern Intermountain West. 

In fact, near- to below-normal temperatures prevailed Nationwide, except for unusual April warmth in the Northeast. 

Northeastern monthly temperatures averaged as many as 2 to 4 degrees Fahrenheit above normal, aided by a late-April 

heat wave that pushed temperatures above 90 degrees Fahrenheit as far north as Maine. Near-normal monthly 

temperatures were nearly irrelevant on the southern Plains, where early-April freezes devastated jointing to heading 

winter wheat. Much of the damage occurred on the night of April 6-7, when temperatures generally ranged from 15 to 

30 degrees in Oklahoma and plunged to the freezing mark or below as far south as central Texas. 

April Agricultural Summary 

Throughout the month, cooler temperatures prevailed across much of the Pacific Northwest, Great Basin, and Great 

Plains. In contrast, unseasonably warm weather dominated most of the Southwest and southern Texas, Ohio Valley, 

and mid- to northern Atlantic Coast, where average temperatures in New England reached up to 6 degrees above 

normal, allowing early development in fruit and berry crops toward the end of the month. Tremendous amounts of 

precipitation pounded eastern Texas, the Corn Belt, and central portions of the Southeast, leaving many fields too soggy 

for fieldwork and hampering spring planting. The heaviest accumulation occurred near Houston, Texas, where more 

than 19 inches of rain were received during the month, the majority falling during the final 2 weeks, causing severe, 

localized flooding. Elsewhere, extremely dry conditions persisted in areas along the Pacific Coast, across much of the 

Southwest, and southern Texas and Florida, with some locations receiving less than 0.1 inch of precipitation in April, or 

less than 2 percent of normal. 

Cool, wet conditions throughout much of the Corn Belt pushed the start of corn planting to a slower than normal pace, 

with just 2 percent of this year’s crop in the ground by April 12, compared to 6 percent for the 5-year average. In Iowa, 

Illinois, and Nebraska, the three largest corn-producing States, producers were unable to complete any fieldwork until 

the week ending April 19, when 6 percent, 1 percent, and 3 percent of the crop was planted, respectively. The planting 

pace quickened during the month in Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska, where progress was ahead of the previous year 

and normal by month’s end. In contrast, Illinois producers, hampered by saturated fields, managed to plant just 

1 percent of their crop during the final week of April, and were over 3 weeks behind the average. By month’s end, 

one-third of the corn crop was planted, with emergence just beginning. 

With activity limited mostly to Texas because of excessive rainfall and sodden fields in the Delta States of Arkansas 

and Louisiana, sorghum producers had planted just 19 percent of their crop by April 5, slower than last year’s pace by 

4 points and just slightly behind the average. As the month progressed, the planting pace remained stagnate in 

Colorado, Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. By April 26, planting was most advanced in Texas and 

Arkansas, with 61 percent and 33 percent of the crop planted, respectively. Throughout the Great Plains, only 

producers in Oklahoma had begun planting, and progress, at 5 percent, was 6 points behind normal. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 26 NASS, USDA 

Oat seeding was complete in Texas by April 5, while optimal conditions permitted producers in the Ohio Valley States 

of Ohio and Pennsylvania to plant at a pace more than a week ahead of normal. As fields dried out, producers in Iowa 

made the biggest mid-month push, seeding 35 percent of their crop from April 13 to April 19. In North Dakota, the 

second largest oat-producing State, warmer temperatures allowed seeding to begin during the week ending April 26. 

Nationally, producers had sown 61 percent of this year’s oat acreage by April 26, ahead of the previous year by 

9 points, but 4 points behind the 5-year average. Aided by warmer weather in many locations at the end of the month, 

emergence was evident in 37 percent of planted fields, nearly a week ahead of last year’s maturation, but lagging 

normal by 3 points. 

Barley producers were slow to begin seeding 2009’s acreage, and the pace trailed normal throughout the month. 

Nationwide, just 3 percent of the crop was in the ground by April 12, leaving progress 9 points behind 2008 and 

10 points behind the 5-year average. By mid-month, 31 percent and 8 percent of the crop was sown in Idaho and 

Montana, the second and third largest barley-producing States, respectively, but seeding lagged normal by a week or 

more. Washington producers took advantage of drier fields toward the end of the month, and seeded 19 percent of their 

crop between April 20-26. Sodden field in North Dakota, the leading barley producing State, kept producers from 

seeding any acreage until the week ending April 26, over 2 weeks behind the average. By month’s end, 6 percent of the 

crop had emerged, 4 points behind last year and 12 points slower than normal. Development lagged normal in all 

States. 

Heading in this year’s winter wheat crop started the month slightly ahead of the 5-year average, but fell to nearly a 

week behind normal as April ended. On April 12, nine percent of the Nation’s crop was at or beyond the heading stage, 

with fields in Texas and Oklahoma maturing well ahead of last year and the average. In Kansas, the largest winter 

wheat-producing State, the crop began developing during the week ending April 19, somewhat behind the average. 

Heading in California, at 95 percent on April 26, was nearing completion ahead of the normal pace. Nationally, 

21 percent of the crop was headed by April 26, two points slower than normal. Overall, winter wheat condition 

improved during the month, with 45 percent rated in good to excellent condition by April 26, compared with 43 percent 

on April 5. Winter wheat in Texas was negatively impacted throughout the month by a severe lack of rainfall and 

insect infestations in many locations. In Arkansas, heavy rainfall and wet fields caused a significant decline in the 

crop’s condition toward the end of the month. 

Spring wheat seeding was underway by the week ending April 12, with 2 percent of the crop sown. Snow-covered and 

abnormally wet fields hampered fieldwork and caused seeding delays in the northwestern States of Washington, Idaho, 

and Montana. However, by mid-month, noteworthy progress was made in Idaho and Washington, where 22 and 

14 percent of the crop was sown from April 13-19, but progress remained behind the average pace in both States. By 

April 26, progress was over a week behind last year’s and the average pace, with just 15 percent of the United States 

crop sown, compared with 32 percent in 2008 and 36 percent for the 5-year average. By month’s end, 2 percent of the 

crop had emerged, 2 points behind last year and 7 points behind the average. Crop development was slower than 

normal in all States, most noticeably in Washington where emergence was 30 points behind the 5-year average. 

Producers seeded 53 percent of their intended rice acreage during April. Progress was most active in Texas and 

Louisiana at the beginning of the month, with 68 and 41 percent of the crop sown by April 5, respectively; however, 

seeding in Louisiana, the second largest rice-producing State, was 8 points behind last year and 4 points behind normal. 

By month’s end, seeding was underway in all States, but trailed normal everywhere except in California and Texas. On 

April 26, twenty-one percent of the crop had emerged, 1 point ahead of 2008, but 9 points behind the 5-year average. 

Producers began planting soybeans near the end of the month, with 3 percent of the crop in the ground by April 26, 

compared to 2 percent last year and 5 percent for the 5-year average. Planting had yet to begin in much of the Corn 

Belt and Great Plains. Above average rainfall coupled with mostly below normal temperatures delayed fieldwork in 

Indiana, Illinois, the Dakotas, and Kansas. 

Early peanut planting equaled last year’s pace but trailed normal, with 2 percent complete on April 26. A lack of 

topsoil moisture in Georgia held planting at 1 percent, slightly behind the previous year’s and normal pace. Planting 

had not yet started in Alabama, South Carolina, or Virginia. 

The month began with 4 percent of this year’s cotton acreage planted by April 5, down 3 points from 2008 and 4 points 

from the normal pace. Hard-packed, drought-stricken soils kept producers in Texas from cultivating fields. As the 

month progressed, wet weather and soggy fields slowed progress in the Delta and kept producers from planting in much 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 27 NASS, USDA 

of the Southeast. By month’s end, the planting pace gained speed across the Delta, as warm, windy conditions dried 

fields. Nationally, 16 percent of the acreage was planted by April 26, compared to 19 percent last year and 20 percent 

for the average. 

Sugarbeet producers in Idaho and Michigan began planting their crop early in the month, but progress in both States 

was behind normal. By April 5, two percent of the Nation’s crop was planted, on par with last year, but 3 points behind 

the 5-year average. Snow-covered fields slowed mid-month fieldwork in south-central and eastern areas of Idaho. 

Saturated fields in North Dakota, the largest sugarbeet-producing State, delayed the start of planting by more than a 

week. By April 26, thirty-one percent of the crop was planted, equaling the previous year’s pace, but 16 points behind 

the average. 

Crop Comments

Winter Wheat: Production is forecast at 1.50 billion bushels, down 20 percent from 2008. Based on May 1 

conditions, the U.S. yield is forecast at 44.2 bushels per acre, 3.0 bushels below last year. Expected grain area totals 

34.0 million acres, down 14 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter (HRW) harvested acreage is down about 

9 percent from the previous year. Soft Red Winter (SRW) harvested acreage is estimated to be down 30 percent from 

last year. The portion of the winter wheat crop rated good to excellent on May 4, at 47 percent, was virtually 

unchanged from last year. 

In the southern Great Plains States, winter temperatures were moderate, with some damage resulting from winter and 

late spring storms. Oklahoma and Texas experienced drought like conditions during emergence and most of the 

growing season. As a result, dryland yields are expected to suffer from the lack of moisture throughout plant 

development and grain set. The second week of April delivered a hard freeze to parts of Kansas and Oklahoma, 

affecting earlier maturing varieties. Severe storms followed, bringing heavy rain, hail, and high winds across many 

areas. Weather conditions remained cooler and wetter than normal through the first week of May. Cooler than normal 

spring temperatures coupled with higher than normal precipitation in the Corn Belt States of Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio 

has hampered crop development, but no major disease problems are reported at this time. Kentucky and Virginia 

experienced a generally mild winter and wet spring. As of May 4, the winter wheat crop in these States was in mostly 

good condition. In the Pacific Northwest, crop development was slower across parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho 

due to cooler and dryer conditions earlier this spring. Mid-April rain and snow moved across some areas bringing 

moisture relief and boosting crop conditions slightly. 

Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 25.3 million bushels, 

down 18 percent from the previous year. In California, heading was complete in most areas of the State as of April 13, 

with no quality or disease issues reported. 

Hay Stocks on Farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2009 totaled 22.1 million tons, up 2 percent from a year ago. 

Disappearance from December 1, 2008-May 1, 2009 totaled 81.6 million tons, compared with 82.5 million tons for the 

same period a year ago. 

Hay stocks decreased from last year across most of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain States. Texas and Oklahoma 

had the largest decreases due in part to lower hay production in 2008. In addition, dry weather last fall and winter 

resulted in poor pasture conditions which increased supplemental hay feeding. Hay stocks in North Dakota and 

Montana were down 44 and 42 percent, respectively, due to a combination of lower production and spring snow storms 

that prolonged the hay feeding season. 

Meanwhile, in the eastern United States, higher production, milder winter weather, increased precipitation, and lower 

cattle inventories contributed to higher hay stocks on May 1. The largest increase was shown in Tennessee where 

stocks were 157 percent higher than a year earlier. Other notable increases where shown in Alabama and Kentucky, 

both up 150 percent from May 2008. Stocks in the western United States were also higher than a year ago as lower 

demand was noted in California, Oregon, and Washington. 

Almonds: The 2009 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 1.45 billion pounds, down 6 percent 

from the revised 2008 crop. Bearing acreage, at 710,000, increased 8 percent from the previous year’s acreage. The 

average yield is forecast at 2,040 pounds per acre, down 310 pounds per acre from last year’s yield. Blooming 

progressed slowly as wet conditions hampered pollination. In parts of the Sacramento Valley, cool temperatures 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 28 NASS, USDA 

extended the almond bloom. Freezing temperatures in March damaged some almond orchards. Though mites were 

present across the State, almond grower’s control efforts minimized damage to the crop. 

Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 2.60 million pounds for March 2009, up 13 percent from 

February but down 1 percent from a year ago. Total crop area for March is estimated at 2,330 acres, unchanged from 

February but 14 percent above March 2008. Harvested area totaled 1,470 acres, up 5 percent from the previous month 

and 3 percent higher than last year. Weather conditions during March were variable, with periods of sun, trade winds, 

and heavy showers. The rainy weather interrupted orchard maintenance activities and the abundant soil moisture 

resulted in root rot and an increase in fungal leaf spot. Despite the wet field conditions, orchards appeared to be in fair 

condition and newly planted seedlings benefited from the additional soil moisture. 

Hawaii’s revised 2008 annual papaya utilization is 33.5 million pounds, up 1 percent from the preliminary estimate and 

up slightly from the 2007 final utilization. Harvested area, at 1,380 acres, is up 5 percent from the previous year. The 

2008 papaya growing season began with cool, windy, and wet weather. Prolonged dry conditions followed, prompting 

various water restriction measures to be implemented throughout the State. Orchards depending on natural rainfall 

were most affected, with slower growth and fruit development. Winter rains helped replenish wells and soil moisture 

levels and growers stepped up spraying efforts to limit disease outbreaks. 

Peaches: The California 2009 peach crop is forecast at 800,000 tons, down 6 percent from 2008 and 16 percent below 

two years ago. 

The California Freestone crop is forecast at 370,000 tons, down 13 percent from last year and 17 percent below the 

2007 crop. Although California experienced an adequate number of chilling hours, frost damage was reported in some 

areas due to freezing temperatures in early March. Harvest began in mid-April with the Super Rich, Super Lady, and 

Snow Angel varieties. 

The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 430,000 tons, up 1 percent from last year but 15 percent below the 2007 

crop. Full bloom was declared on March 15, five days later than in 2008. The 2009 bloom was rated good to very 

good in all areas. However, freezing temperatures in early March resulted in some reported light frost damage. After 

early March rainstorms, good weather aided pruning, spraying, and tree planting. By the end of April, the fruit was 

starting to differentiate in size. Thinning in most areas was expected to start during the middle of May. 

Bananas: Hawaii banana production for 2008 is estimated at 17.4 million pounds, down 32 percent from the previous 

year. Statewide, bananas were harvested from 1,100 acres, 200 acres less than in 2007. Banana fields continued to be 

cleared because of the banana bunchy top virus and the banana black streak virus. Some orchards were being replanted. 

Guavas: Hawaii guava utilized production for 2008 is estimated at 3.50 million pounds, 19 percent lower than the 

2007 utilized production. Harvested area totaled 160 acres, down 6 percent from last season’s harvested area. Yield, 

based on utilized production, averaged 21,900 pounds per acre, compared with the previous year’s record-high yield of 

25,300 pounds. Weather conditions during 2008 for the guava crop were mixed. The crop received adequate moisture 

from a combination of rainfall and irrigation. 

Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2008 crop year is estimated at 4.30 million pounds, up 8 percent from last year’s 

record low production. Area in crop, at 390 acres, was up 10 acres from 2007. Weather conditions were favorable 

during most of the 2008 growing season but a period of heavy rain caused localized flooding, decreasing production for 

a few growers. Although production was up from the previous season, major taro producing areas continued to be 

infested with apple snails, which feed on taro plants and are a vector for crop diseases. Taro pocket rot and leaf blight 

also affected production for many growers. 

Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2008-09 U.S. grapefruit crop is 1.36 million tons, down 2 percent from the April 

forecast and 13 percent lower than the 2007-08 final utilization of 1.55 million tons. Florida's grapefruit production is 

forecast at 22.5 million boxes (957,000 tons), 2 percent lower than the April forecast and 15 percent below last season. 

The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 7.00 million boxes (298,000 tons), unchanged from April but down 

22 percent from the 2007-08 final utilization. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 15.5 million boxes (659,000 tons), is 

down 3 percent from the April forecast and 12 percent lower than last season. The row count survey conducted at the 

end of April indicated that 97 percent of the rows observed were harvested. The survey also showed a higher 

percentage of colored grapefruit harvested compared to white varieties, due to the early harvest of high quality colored 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 29 NASS, USDA 

grapefruit for the fresh market. The majority of the grapefruit left to be harvested was located on the East Coast. 

Arizona, California, and Texas forecasts are carried forward from April. 

Tangerines and Mandarins: The U.S. tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 445,000 tons, down 1 percent from 

the April forecast and 16 percent lower than the 2007-08 season. Florida's tangerine crop is forecast at 3.90 million 

boxes (185,000 tons), down 3 percent from the April forecast and down 29 percent from the 2007-08 final utilization. 

The decrease in the Florida tangerine forecast was made to the later maturing Honey variety. Harvest was essentially 

complete by the end of the month. Freezing temperatures during late January and early February prompted many 

growers to accelerate the harvest of the Honey variety to save fruit from any serious freeze damage. Arizona and 

California forecasts are carried forward from April. 

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), down 4 percent from the April forecast and 

23 percent lower than last season’s final production. Tangelo harvest was relatively complete for the season. 

Florida Citrus: Florida’s citrus growing regions experienced another month of very warm temperatures and dry 

conditions. Daily highs during April ranged from the 80’s to low-90’s during the day, cooling into the 50’s and 60’s at 

night. Due to the lack of precipitation over the past several months, the entire citrus producing area was experiencing 

drought conditions ranging from severe to extreme. Low surface soil moisture and tree wilt were observed. 

The small amount of unharvested early oranges was picked by the third week of April. Despite the high juice 

inventory, Valencia harvest increased to over 6 million boxes weekly, primarily for processing. Harvesting of white 

and colored grapefruit dropped below 500,000 boxes weekly, with the majority shipped to processing plants. Honey 

tangerine and Temple harvests were relatively complete for the season. Next season’s fruit was holding well on the 

trees and was between pea size on late oranges and marble size on early oranges. Grapefruit sizes were slightly larger. 

With the exception of irrigating, caretakers were implementing limited production practices. 

California Citrus: Late varieties of Navel oranges continued to be packed during April. The Valencia orange harvest 

gained speed, with good maturity and fruit quality reported. Lemon and grapefruit harvests progressed, while 

harvesting of W. Murcott and Honey mandarins was nearly complete. Harvesting of Pixie mandarins increased. 

California Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts: Weather conditions in California during April were variable. Early in the 

month, high winds and cool temperatures throughout much of the Sacramento Valley hampered orchard spraying 

activities and bee pollination. After a few days of unseasonably high temperatures, a cold front pushed through, 

bringing moderate precipitation, gusty winds, and cooler temperatures to the State. The cold temperatures caused some 

frost damage to pomegranates, kiwifruit, and table grapes in the San Joaquin Valley, and prompted growers to irrigate 

for frost protection in pistachio orchards. In the Sacramento Valley, pistachio trees damaged from the frost were 

replanted. Three days of record high temperatures near the end of the month caused increased evapotranspiration rates, 

resulting in light stress in some nut orchards. The hot temperatures also triggered increased growth and development 

rates in northern coastal olive trees. 

Grape bud break progressed well during April, with shoot growth accelerating due to warmer temperatures. Cane tying 

continued and some vineyards were sprayed for mildew. Nectarine, pomegranate, pear, peach, prune, olive, apricot, 

and apple trees were blooming. Pear bloom was reported as excellent along the northern coast. Cherries were maturing 

and nearly ready for harvest in some areas. Persimmon stem elongation continued and kiwifruit vines in the 

Sacramento Valley leafed out. Strawberry harvest picked up across the State and fruit quality remained good. 

Blueberries began to turn color. Mites were present on almond trees throughout the State but little damage was 

reported. Damage from the early March freeze was confirmed in many almond orchards. Pistachio trees began leafing 

out. Walnut blight treatment continued. 

Spring Potatoes: Production for 2009 is forecast at 21.3 million cwt, up 2 percent from the April forecast and 

6 percent higher than 2008. Area for harvest is forecast at 73,400 acres, up 2 percent from the previous forecast and an 

increase of 7 percent from 2008. The average yield of 291 cwt per acre is up 3 cwt from the April forecast but is 2 cwt 

lower than 2008. 

Florida’s production is forecast at 7.85 million cwt, up 1 percent from the April forecast. Dry weather from late 

February to April extended the growing season and kept field activities on schedule around Hastings and the northern 

Peninsula. Due to the extended growing season, harvest had not yet begun for many growers. California’s spring 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 30 NASS, USDA 

potato production, at 7.53 million cwt, is up 8 percent from the April forecast due to an increase in harvested area. 

Reports indicated that the crop was in excellent condition and had rebounded well from inclement weather conditions. 

Growers in North Carolina are expected to produce 2.93 million cwt of spring potatoes, a decrease of 3 percent from the 

April forecast. Crop condition was rated 56 percent good and 23 percent excellent, with topsoil moisture at 62 percent 

adequate. Production in Texas is forecast at 1.91 million cwt, down 2 percent from the April forecast. Yields in Texas 

decreased from the previous forecast due to hail damage in some locations. Arizona growers expect production to total 

1.12 million cwt, down 2 percent from the previous forecast. 

Tobacco: Revised U.S. tobacco production for 2008 totaled 801 million pounds, down slightly from the January 

preliminary estimate but 2 percent above 2007. Harvested area is estimated at 354,490 acres, up slightly from the 

January preliminary estimate but down less than 1 percent from the previous year’s estimate. Yield per acre averaged 

2,258 pounds, down 2 pounds from the January preliminary estimate but 45 pounds above 2007. 

Flue-cured production totaled 499 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate. This is 1 percent 

less than the 2007 estimate when 504 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 223,000 acres, unchanged 

from the previous year. Flue-cured yields averaged 2,239 pounds, down 20 pounds from 2007. North Carolina, the 

leading producer of flue-cured tobacco, produced 385 million pounds, approximately 77 percent of all flue-cured 

production. 

Burley production, which accounted for 98 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 202 million pounds. This is up 

slightly from the January preliminary estimate but 7 percent below 2007. Producers of burley tobacco harvested 

97,500 acres in 2008, down 8 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 2,067 pounds per acre, 34 pounds above 

2007. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 147 million pounds, approximately 73 percent of all 

burley grown in United States. 

Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 62.2 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary 

estimate but 52 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 18,600 acres, up 27 percent from 2007. Fire-cured 

yields averaged 3,344 pounds per acre, up 543 pounds from the previous year. This is the highest yield on record. 

Southern Maryland Belt tobacco, at 3.78 million pounds, is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 

56 percent above 2007. Pennsylvania growers harvested 1,800 acres, up 63 percent from last year. Yields average 

2,100 pounds per acre, down 100 pounds from the previous year. 

Revised dark air-cured production totaled 25.3 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 

94 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 8,500 acres in 2008, up 71 percent from 2007. Yield per acre 

averaged 2,981 pounds, up 359 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured 

tobacco, produced 20.7 million pounds in 2008, accounting for approximately 82 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco 

grown in the United States. 

Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 8.44 million pounds, down 

6 percent from the January preliminary estimate and 26 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 

5,090 acres in 2008, down 15 percent from last year. The average yield was 1,659 pounds per acre, 242 pounds below 

2007. 

2008 Cotton Final: All cotton production is estimated at 12.8 million 480-pounds bales, down 33 percent from last 

year’s production. The U.S. all cotton yield averaged 813 pounds per acre, down 66 pounds from last year’s record 

high. Upland cotton production is estimated at 12.4 million 480-pounds bales, down 33 percent from last year. The 

U.S. yield for upland cotton is estimated at 803 pounds per acre, down 61 pounds from last year’s record high yield. 

Harvested area, at 7.40 million acres, is down 28 percent from last year. American-Pima, at record 430,800 bales 

(480-pound), is down 49 percent from last year. The U.S. American-Pima yield is estimated at 1,226 pounds per acre, 

down 193 pounds from last year. 

The 2008 area planted to all cotton totaled 9.47 million acres, down 13 percent from 2007. Harvested acreage at 

7.57 million is down 28 percent from the previous year. 

Upland growers in the Southeastern States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia) 

finished planting by late June. By late summer, producers battled hot, dry conditions which allowed the crop to 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 31 NASS, USDA 

develop ahead of normal. During late August and early September, the region was hit by two storms, Tropical Storm 

Faye and Hurricane Hannah. Both of these weather patterns brought beneficial rains to the region. By the end of 

September, dry conditions and cooler temperatures allowed producers to begin defoliation and harvest to begin 

throughout the region. Harvest was complete by early December. Objective yield measurements in Georgia showed 

boll counts to be slightly higher than the 5-year average. Producers in South Carolina reported record high yields, 

surpassing the record set in 2004. 

In the Delta States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) producers finished planting by the 

middle of June, behind normal due to the unseasonable cool, wet spring. Due to the later planted crop and the cool 

summer, the crop developed slightly behind normal except in Louisiana where the crop matured rapidly during the 

summer months. By the end of August, defoliation and harvest was underway in Louisiana, ahead of normal. On 

September 1, Hurricane Gustav made landfall in Louisiana bringing excessive amounts of rain to the South Delta 

region. By the second week of September, the region was hit by Hurricane Ike. Warmer temperatures and drier 

weather moved into the region by late September allowing producers to resume defoliation. Harvest was underway 

throughout the region by the first week of October, behind normal, and complete by the end November. The objective 

yield data show Mississippi bolls per acre to be the second lowest in the last 5 years. In Arkansas, objective 

measurements show the largest bolls per acre in the last 10 years. Data from the objective yield survey showed 

Louisiana bolls per acre and boll weight to be the lowest in the last 6 years. Due to the effects of Hurricane Gustav, 

Louisiana producers abandoned 66,000 acres and harvested their lowest area on record. Producers in Missouri reported 

record high yield surpassing the record set in 2004.

Texas producers finished planting the upland crop by mid-June, slightly ahead of normal. Continual hot, dry weather 

allowed the crop to develop ahead of normal. Due to the early developing crop, harvest was underway in South Texas 

by late-July. Harvest in South Texas was delayed during the first part of August when the region was hit with 

Hurricane Dolly. Producers in the High Plains of Texas battled hot, dry conditions throughout the summer and early 

fall months. During the second week of September, Hurricane Ike made landfall bringing high winds and rain 

throughout Texas. During the fall, cool, wet weather moved through the High Plains delaying crop development and 

harvest activities. In late October, the Panhandle of Texas was hit with a hard freeze which allowed for defoliation to 

expand rapidly. During November, producers received ideal weather and were able to harvest the crop without 

interruptions. Harvest was virtually complete by late-December. Objective yield measurements show Texas boll 

weights to be the second heaviest in the last ten years. Due to the drought conditions during the summer and 

abnormally cool weather in the fall, Texas producers abandoned 1.75 million acres of the 5.00 million acres planted. 

In Kansas and Oklahoma, planting was complete by the end of June. Throughout the summer and fall, the crop 

developed normally with harvest underway by the end of October. Harvest was complete by the last week of 

December. Producers in Kansas expect a record high yield surpassing last year’s record. 

Upland producers in California and Arizona completed planting by mid-May. During the late summer, California 

producers battled intensely hot, dry weather. By late August, harvest was underway in the Desert Southwest, slightly 

ahead of normal. By the middle of September, cooler temperatures in California allowed for defoliation and harvest to 

begin throughout the State. Harvest was complete in California and Arizona by mid-December. California producers 

planted and harvested the lowest acreage since records began for upland cotton. 

Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2008 totaled 4.30 million tons, down 35 percent from last year. Sales to oil 

mills accounted for 59 percent of the disposition. The remaining 41 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and 

various other uses.
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 32 NASS, USDA 

Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecast

Wheat Survey Procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 22 and May 6 

to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, 

Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were 

interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in 

selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts 

such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads 

that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological 

yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop 

maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, 

another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss. 

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 14,600 producers representing all major production 

areas. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat 

acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing 

season to provide indications of average yields. 

Orange Survey Procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, 

which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the U.S. production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the 

season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative 

data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the 

previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production. Arizona, California, and Texas conduct 

grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective 

measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges. 

Wheat Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.

Orange Estimating Procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to 

prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for Arizona, California, and Texas are 

carried forward from April. 

Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat 

marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and 

ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. 

End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange 

production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from 

marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use. 

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square 

Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production 

forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage 

deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root 

Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast 

relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from 

those influencing recent years. 

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 7.1 percent. This means that chances 

are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 

7.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 12.2 percent. 

Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 33 NASS, USDA 

averaged 91 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the 

final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely 

to understate or overstate final production. 

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.6 percent. However, if you exclude the 

5 abnormal production seasons (3 freeze seasons and 2 hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 

1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or 

below the final estimates by more than 1.6 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 

10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.8 percent, or 3.0 percent, excluding abnormal 

seasons. 

Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 

143,000 tons (162,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when including or 

excluding abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 

11 times (below 6 times and above 9 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast 

this year is likely to understate or overstate final production. 
 

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board 

May 2009 34 NASS, USDA 

Information Contacts 

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to 

contact for additional information. 

Lance Honig, Chief ..................................................................................................................(202) 720-2127 

Field Crops Section 

Jacqueline Moore, Head......................................................................................(202) 720-2127 

Todd Ballard - Wheat, Rye .................................................................................(202) 720-8068 

Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings ............................................................(202) 720-5944 

Jacqueline Moore - Hay, Oats, Sorghum ............................................................(202) 720-2127 

Ty Kalaus - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed...........................................................(202) 720-9526 

Julie Schmidt - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops...........................................(202) 720-7621 

Anthony Prillaman - Peanuts, Rice .....................................................................(202) 720-7688 

Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds .....................................(202) 720-7369 

Fruits, Vegetables & Special Crops Section 

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head ...................................................................................(202) 720-2127 

Leslie Colburn - Berries, Grapes, Maple Syrup, Tobacco ..................................(202) 720-7235 

Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, 

Onions, Strawberries...........................................................(202) 720-2157 

Fred Granja - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, 

Prunes .................................................................................(202) 720-4288 

Mike Jacobson - Cranberries...............................................................................(202) 720-9085 

Dawn Keen - Floriculture, Nursery, Tree Nuts...................................................(202) 720-4215 

Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, 

 Lentils, Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, 

 Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans.................................................(202) 720-3250 

Suzanne Avilla - Citrus, Coffee, Tropical Fruits 

 Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes............................................................(202) 720-5412 

Kim Ritchie - Hops.............................................................................................(360) 902-1940 
 

 

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