Cr Pr 2-2 (6-99)a

Washington, D.C.

Crop

Production

Released June 11, 1999, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

For information on "Crop Production" call (202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET.

Winter Wheat Production Down 14 Percent from 1998

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.61 billion bushels, down fractionally from last month and down

14 percent from 1998. Based on conditions around June 1, the U.S. yield is forecast at 44.7 bushels per acre,

up 0.3 bushels from the last forecast. Grain area totals 36.0 million acres, down 1 percent from May 1. 

Hard Red is down 1 percent from a month ago to 981 million bushels. White Winter is down 2 percent from

last month. Soft Red is up 2 percent from the last forecast and now totals 419 million bushels.

All oranges production forecast for 1998-99 is 9.82 million tons, down less than 1 percent from last month

and down 28 percent from last year’s record large crop of 13.7 million tons. Florida's all orange forecast is

187.5 million boxes (8.44 million tons), a reduction of less than 1 percent from the May forecast and

23 percent less than the record large 244 million boxes (11.0 million tons) utilized last season. Early and

midseason varieties in Florida are forecast at 112 million boxes (5.04 million tons), unchanged from May and

20 percent below last season. Florida’s Valencia forecast of 75.5 million boxes (3.40 million tons) is

1 percent less than the previous forecast and 27 percent lower than last season’s utilization.

Production of all oranges in Texas is forecast at 1.42 million boxes (60,000 tons), down 3 percent from last

month’s forecast. The Texas early and midseason orange forecast was reduced to 1.25 million boxes

(53,000 tons), but the Valencia forecast remained unchanged at 170,000 boxes (7,000 tons). California’s all

orange production forecast of 34.0 million boxes (1.28 million tons) is carried forward and is down 51 percent

from the 1997-98 utilization of 69.0 million boxes (2.59 million tons). Arizona’s all orange production

forecast of 1.20 million boxes (45,000 tons) is also carried forward.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield for the 1998-99 season is forecast at a record high

1.63 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix, down from the 1.64 gallons per box projected last month. The

forecast projects the final yield as reported by the Florida Citrus Processors Association. The average yield

for early and midseason varieties is final at a record high 1.58 gallons per box. Valencias are projected to

yield a record high 1.75 gallons per box, unchanged from last month.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 2 NASS, USDA

This report was approved on June 11, 1999.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

I. Miley Gonzalez

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Rich Allen
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 3 NASS, USDA

Contents

Page

Apricots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Cherries, Sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Citrus ................................................................................7

Crop Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Crop Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Hops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Information Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Maple Syrup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Papayas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Peaches ...............................................................................6

Pears, Bartlett ..........................................................................8

Prunes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Sugarbeets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Sugarcane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Sweet Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Weather Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Wheat, Durum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Wheat, by Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Wheat, Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 4 NASS, USDA

Winter Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State

and United States, 1998 and Forecasted June 1, 1999

State

Area Harvested Yield Production

1998 1999 1998

1999

1998 1999

May 1 June 1

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels

AL

AZ 1

AR

CA

CO

DE 1

FL 1

GA

ID

IL

IN

IA 1

KS

KY

LA 1

MD 1

MI

MN 1

MS

MO

MT

NE

NV 1

NJ 1

NM 1

NY 1

NC

ND 1

OH

OK

OR

PA 1

SC

SD

TN

TX

UT 1

VA 1

WA

WV 1

WI 1

WY 1

US

85

8

900

380

2,550

73

13

240

770

1,200

650

32

10,100

550

90

215

570

57

150

1,250

1,250

1,800

6

44

265

130

680

60

1,160

5,100

790

190

240

1,420

370

3,900

150

245

2,100

8

135

200

40,126

70

10

830

390

2,400

73

9

230

710

1,020

510

25

9,200

470

110

205

600

63

155

950

1,000

1,900

10

32

265

115

600

48

1,030

4,500

640

205

215

1,260

300

3,400

145

250

1,800

8

120

170

36,043

42.0

90.0

51.0

60.0

39.0

51.0

43.0

43.0

82.0

48.0

55.0

40.0

49.0

45.0

44.0

50.0

54.0

27.0

45.0

46.0

39.0

46.0

100.0

52.0

30.0

54.0

41.0

35.0

64.0

39.0

67.0

51.0

32.0

43.0

41.0

35.0

50.0

45.0

65.0

57.0

55.0

32.0

46.9

47.0

85.0

53.0

70.0

38.0

58.0

40.0

48.0

77.0

52.0

57.0

43.0

43.0

54.0

43.0

55.0

54.0

28.0

46.0

48.0

40.0

40.0

90.0

54.0

30.0

56.0

46.0

32.0

61.0

34.0

59.0

52.0

43.0

42.0

47.0

31.0

50.0

58.0

64.0

54.0

57.0

33.0

44.4

48.0

85.0

54.0

75.0

37.0

58.0

40.0

46.0

76.0

55.0

60.0

43.0

43.0

55.0

43.0

55.0

56.0

28.0

50.0

49.0

40.0

42.0

90.0

54.0

30.0

56.0

44.0

32.0

62.0

33.0

58.0

52.0

43.0

42.0

50.0

33.0

50.0

58.0

62.0

54.0

57.0

33.0

44.7

3,570

720

45,900

22,800

99,450

3,723

559

10,320

63,140

57,600

35,750

1,280

494,900

24,750

3,960

10,750

30,780

1,539

6,750

57,500

48,750

82,800

600

2,288

7,950

7,020

27,880

2,100

74,240

198,900

52,930

9,690

7,680

61,060

15,170

136,500

7,500

11,025

136,500

456

7,425

6,400

1,880,605

3,360

850

44,820

29,250

88,800

4,234

360

10,580

53,960

56,100

30,600

1,075

395,600

25,850

4,730

11,275

33,600

1,764

7,750

46,550

40,000

79,800

900

1,728

7,950

6,440

26,400

1,536

63,860

148,500

37,120

10,660

9,245

52,920

15,000

112,200

7,250

14,500

111,600

432

6,840

5,610

1,611,599 1 Estimates for current year carried forward from earlier forecast.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 5 NASS, USDA

Durum Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State

and United States, 1998 and Forecasted June 1, 1999 1

State

Area Harvested Yield Production

1998 1999 1998

1999

1998 1999

May 1 June 1

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Bushels Bushels Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels

AZ

CA

MN

MT

ND

SD

US

144

175

5

430

2,950

24

3,728

75

105

105.0

90.0

37.0

28.0

33.0

26.0

37.8

95.0

95.0

95.0

95.0

15,120

15,750

185

12,040

97,350

624

141,069

7,125

9,975

1 Harvested area for U.S. and northern States available in "Acreage" released June 30, 1999. Yield and production for U.S. and

northern States to be published in "Crop Production" released July 12, 1999.

Wheat: Production by Class, United States, 1997-98

and Forecasted June 1, 1999 1

Year

Winter Spring

Hard Total

Red

Soft

Red White Hard

Red White Durum

1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels 1,000 Bushels

1997

1998

1999

1,098,303

1,182,092

981,433

471,987

442,639

419,164

275,238

255,874

211,002

491,324

486,781

56,831

41,928

87,783

141,069

2,481,466

2,550,383

1 Wheat class estimates are based on varietal acreage survey data available for all wheat producing States. Unless unusual

situations dictate, the previous end-of-season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 6 NASS, USDA

Sweet Cherries: Total Production by State, and Total,

1997-1998 and Forecasted June 1, 1999

State

Total Production

1997 1998 1999 1

Tons Tons Tons

 CA

 OR

 WA

 Total

49,200

50,000

95,000

194,200

15,400

55,000

96,000

166,400

50,000

53,000

80,000

183,000 1 The first production forecast for sweet cherries in ID, MI, MT, NY, PA, and UT and tart cherries in CO, MI, NY, OR, PA, UT,

and WI will be published in "Cherry Production" released on June 24, 1999.

Peaches: Total Production by Crop, State, and United States,

1997-1998 and Forecasted June 1, 1999

State

Total Production

1997 1998 1999

Million Pounds Million Pounds Million Pounds

CA - Freestone

GA

SC

Total

CA - Clingstone 1

Total

739.0

160.0

160.0

1,059.0

1,148.0

2,207.0

707.3

70.0

140.0

917.3

1,044.2

1,961.5

740.0

130.0

160.0

1,030.0

1,050.0

2,080.0 1 CA Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 7 NASS, USDA

Citrus Fruits: Utilized Production by Crop, State, and United States,

1996-97, 1997-98 and Forecasted June 1, 1999 1

Crop and State

Utilized Production

Boxes

Utilized Production

Ton Equivalent

1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99

1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Boxes 2 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons

Oranges

 Early Mid &

 Navel 3

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL

 TX

 US

 Valencia

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL

 TX

 US

 All

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL

 TX

 US

Temples

 FL

Grapefruit

 White Seedless

 FL 5

 Colored Seedless

 FL 6

 Other

 FL

 All

 AZ 4

 CA 4

 FL 5 6

 TX

 US

Tangerines

 AZ 4 7

 CA 4 7

 FL

 US

Lemons 4

 AZ

 CA

 US

Tangelos

 FL

K-Early Citrus

 FL

400

40,000

134,200

1,300

175,900

600

24,000

92,000

120

116,720

1,000

64,000

226,200

1,420

292,620

2,400

23,500

31,400

900

900

8,200

55,800

5,300

70,200

550

2,600

6,300

9,450

2,600

22,600

25,200

3,950

150

350

44,000

140,000

1,350

185,700

650

25,000

104,000

175

129,825

1,000

69,000

244,000

1,525

315,525

2,250

18,300

30,600

650

800

9,000

49,550

4,800

64,150

600

2,400

5,200

8,200

2,600

22,000

24,600

2,850

40

550

17,000

112,000

1,250

130,800

650

17,000

75,500

170

93,320

1,200

34,000

187,500

1,420

224,120

1,800

18,000

29,000

600

700

8,500

47,600

6,000

62,800

900

1,700

4,950

7,550

3,500

18,000

21,500

2,550

80

15

1,500

6,039

55

7,609

23

900

4,140

5

5,068

38

2,400

10,179

60

12,677

108

999

1,334

38

30

275

2,371

212

2,888

21

98

299

418

99

859

958

178

7

13

1,650

6,300

57

8,020

25

938

4,680

7

5,650

38

2,588

10,980

64

13,670

101

777

1,301

28

27

301

2,106

192

2,626

23

90

247

360

99

836

935

128

2

21

638

5,040

53

5,752

24

638

3,398

7

4,067

45

1,276

8,438

60

9,819

81

765

1,233

26

23

285

2,024

240

2,572

34

64

235

333

133

684

817

115

4 1

 The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year. 2 Net

lbs. per box: oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-AZ & CA-67, FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos, K-Early Citrus

& Temples-90; tangerines-AZ & CA-75, FL-95. 3

 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in AZ and CA. Early (including Navel) and

midseason varieties in FL and TX. Small quantities of tangerines in TX. 4

 Estimates for current year carried forward from earlier

forecast. 5

 Excludes White Seedless economic abandonment of 3,000,000 boxes in 1996-97 and 5,000,000 boxes in 1997-98. 6

 Excludes Colored Seedless economic abandonment of 3,000,000 boxes in 1996-97 and 1,000,000 boxes in 1997-98. 7 Includes

tangelos and tangors.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 8 NASS, USDA

Bartlett Pears: Total Production by State and Total,

1997-1998 and Forecasted June 1, 1999

State

Total Production

1997 1998 1999

Tons Tons Tons

CA

OR

WA

Total

282,000

75,000

205,000

562,000

258,000

65,000

145,000

468,000

285,000

66,000

165,000

516,000

Miscellaneous Fruits, California: Total Production by Crop,

1997-98 and Forecasted June 1, 1999

Crop

Total Production

1997 1998 1999

Tons Tons Tons

Prunes (Dried Basis)

Apricots

214,000

132,000

108,000

113,000

180,000

125,000

Papayas: Area and Fresh Production, by Month, Hawaii, 1998-99

Month

Area Fresh Production

Total in Crop Harvested 1998 1999

1998 1999 1998 1999

Acres Acres Acres Acres 1,000 Pounds 1,000 Pounds

Apr

May

3,205

3,225

3,750

3,760

1,775

2,175

2,150

2,150

3,375

2,995

3,085

3,300
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 9 NASS, USDA

Hops: Area Harvested by Variety, State, and United States,

1997-1998 and Forecasted June 1, 1999

State

and

Variety

Area Harvested Strung for Harvest

1997 1998 1999

Acres Acres Acres

ID

 Banner

 Chinook

 Cluster

 Galena

 Horizon

 Mt. Hood

 Nugget

 Willamette

 Zeus

 Other Varieties

 Total

OR

 Fuggle

 Golding

 Mt Hood

 Nugget

 Perle

 Tettnanger

 Williamette

 Other Varieties

 Total

WA

 Cascade

 Chinook

 Cluster

 Columbus/Tomahawk

 Galena

 Golding

 Horizon

 Magnum

 Mt Hood

 Nugget

 Olympic

 Perle

 Tettnanger

 Williamette

 Zeus

 Other Varieties

 Total

US

73

342

797

666

( 1

 )

10

65

211

( 1

 )

1,706

3,870

423

245

238

3,063

329

649

3,070

335

8,352

1,037

1,692

3,625

( 2

 )

6,960

161

( 2

 )

( 2

 )

540

5,492

126

256

1,564

4,297

( 2

 )

5,330

31,080

43,302

( 1

 )

384

657

733

( 2

 )

10

97

225

( 2

 )

1,803

3,909

189

235

225

2,415

385

154

2,290

268

6,161

992

1,007

2,605

3,999

5,779

83

130

( 2

 )

361

4,793

126

296

252

3,922

( 2

 )

2,228

26,573

36,643

( 1

 )

202

417

623

7

10

84

248

239

1,541

3,371

98

110

253

2,153

406

88

2,321

393

5,822

902

791

1,376

4,390

5,193

35

256

99

384

4,148

( 2

 )

273

129

3,376

1,520

2,175

25,047

34,240 1 Unknown or none. 2 Included in Other Varieties to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 10 NASS, USDA

Sugarbeets: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, Production,

Price, and Value by State and United States, 1997-98 1

State

Area Planted Area Harvested Yield

1997 1998 2 1997 1998 2 1997 1998 2

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Tons Tons

CA

CO

ID

MI

MN

MT

NE

NM 3

ND

OH

OR

TX 3

WA

WY

US

101.0

67.9

198.0

163.0

453.0

59.9

67.3

1.6

231.4

0.9

17.6

16.4

18.3

63.0

1,459.3

102.0

62.5

204.0

177.0

473.0

64.0

53.8

250.0

1.3

17.9

37.3

56.0

1,498.8

99.0

66.4

197.0

160.0

446.0

58.3

60.3

1.6

227.5

0.9

17.4

15.0

18.0

60.9

1,428.3

100.0

57.3

203.0

173.0

458.0

62.4

47.4

242.6

1.1

17.7

35.8

53.4

1,451.7

30.0

19.7

26.4

19.0

18.5

21.0

16.8

30.6

18.5

19.0

28.4

18.0

33.1

20.4

20.9

28.3

22.7

27.1

16.0

21.2

22.6

19.7

22.2

17.3

26.6

33.3

20.3

22.5

Production Price per Ton Value of Production

1997 1998 2 1997 1998 4 1997 1998 4

1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons Dollars Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars

CA

CO

ID

MI

MN

MT

NE

NM 3

ND

OH

OR

TX 3

WA

WY

US

2,970

1,308

5,210

3,040

8,251

1,224

1,013

49

4,205

17

494

270

595

1,240

29,886

2,830

1,301

5,501

2,768

9,710

1,410

934

5,386

19

471

1,192

1,084

32,606

40.60

34.10

40.60

38.50

38.70

40.50

35.60

31.20

37.90

38.40

39.90

34.00

38.90

38.50

38.80

120,582

44,603

211,526

117,040

319,314

49,572

36,063

1,529

159,370

653

19,711

9,180

23,146

47,740

1,160,029 1 Relates to year of intended harvest except for overwintered spring planted beets in CA. 2 Revised. 3 No acres planted in 1998. 4 Estimates are not available. U.S. marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in

"Agricultural Prices", released July 30, 1999. State estimates will be published in "Crop Values" to be released February 2000.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 11 NASS, USDA

Sugarcane: Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price,

and Value by State and United States, 1997-98

State

Area Harvested Yield 1 Production 1

1997 1998 2 1997 1998 2 1997 1998 2

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres Tons Tons 1,000 Tons 1,000 Tons

For Sugar

 FL

 HI

 LA

 TX

 US

For Seed

 FL

 HI

 LA

 TX

 US

For Sugar

 and Seed

 FL

 HI

 LA

 TX

 US

421.0

32.0

380.0

27.3

860.3

19.0

2.2

30.0

2.5

53.7

440.0

34.2

410.0

29.8

914.0

426.0

30.3

400.0

32.0

888.3

21.0

2.2

35.0

0.6

58.8

447.0

32.5

435.0

32.6

947.1

36.9

91.4

28.2

30.3

34.9

36.9

38.2

28.2

30.0

31.8

36.9

88.0

28.2

30.3

34.7

40.1

90.0

29.7

32.9

36.9

40.1

32.4

29.7

18.3

33.4

40.1

86.1

29.7

32.6

36.6

15,535

2,925

10,716

827

30,003

701

84

846

75

1,706

16,236

3,009

11,562

902

31,709

17,083

2,727

11,880

1,053

32,743

842

71

1,040

11

1,964

17,925

2,798

12,920

1,064

34,707

For Sugar For Sugar and Seed

Price per Ton Value of Production Value of Production 3

1997 1998 4 1997 1998 4 1997 1998 4

Dollars Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars

FL

HI

LA

TX

US

28.70

29.20

27.10

25.60

28.10

445,855

85,410

290,404

21,171

842,840

465,973

87,863

313,330

23,091

890,257 1 Yield and production refer to net weight. 2 Revised. 3 Price per ton of cane for sugar used in evaluating value of production for seed. 4 Estimates are not available. U.S. marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in

"Agricultural Prices" released July 31, 1999. State estimates will be published in "Crop Values" to be released February 2000.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 12 NASS, USDA

Sweet Potatoes: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield,

and Production by State and United States, 1997-98 1

State

Area Planted Area Harvested

1997 1998 1997 1998

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres

AL

CA

GA

LA

MS

NJ

NC

SC

TX

VA

US

3.9

9.7

1.0

21.0

8.6

1.2

32.0

1.3

6.3

0.6

85.6

3.8

9.7

0.8

21.0

9.8

1.1

33.0

1.1

6.4

0.5

87.2

3.6

9.7

0.8

20.0

8.4

1.1

31.0

1.1

5.8

0.6

82.1

3.7

9.7

0.7

20.0

9.7

1.0

32.0

0.9

5.6

0.5

83.8

Yield Production

1997 1998 1997 1998

Cwt Cwt 1,000 Cwt 1,000 Cwt

AL

CA

GA

LA

MS

NJ

NC

SC

TX

VA

US

150

205

150

170

130

105

160

110

155

150

162

170

220

100

110

140

105

170

90

45

225

148

540

1,989

120

3,400

1,092

116

4,960

121

899

90

13,327

629

2,134

70

2,200

1,358

105

5,440

81

252

113

12,382 1 1998 Revised.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 13 NASS, USDA

Maple Syrup: Production, Price, and Value

by State and United States, 1998-99 1

State

Production Average Price

per Gallon

Value of

Production

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

1,000 Gallons 1,000 Gallons Dollars Dollars 1,000 Dollars 1,000 Dollars

CT

ME

MA

MI

NH

NY

OH

PA

VT

WI

US

9

170

47

55

67

231

78

72

360

70

1,159

13

187

44

73

61

195

95

67

370

75

1,180

41.10

20.60

36.20

32.00

36.20

26.85

29.80

26.00

29.00

23.10

27.80

41.00

21.50

36.00

29.70

36.00

25.70

28.40

23.40

29.00

23.70

27.40

370

3,502

1,701

1,760

2,425

6,202

2,324

1,872

10,440

1,617

32,213

533

4,021

1,584

2,168

2,196

5,012

2,698

1,568

10,730

1,778

32,288 1 Price and value for 1998 are revised. Price and value for 1999 are preliminary.

Maple Syrup: Percent of Sales by Type and State, 1997-98 1

State

Retail Wholesale and Bulk

1997 1998 1997 1998

Percent Percent Percent Percent

CT

ME

MA

MI

NH

NY

OH

PA

VT

WI

75

10

70

48

65

48

71

49

40

27

70

10

60

58

60

43

63

41

40

35

25

90

30

52

35

52

29

51

60

73

30

90

40

42

40

57

37

59

60

65 1 1997 revised.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 14 NASS, USDA

Maple Syrup: Price by Type of Sales and Size of Container

by State, 1997-98 1

Type

and

State

Gallons 1/2 Gallon Quarts Pints 1/2 Pint

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars Dollars

Retail

 CT

 ME

 MA

 MI

 NH

 NY

 OH

 PA

 VT

 WI

Wholesale

 CT

 ME

 MA

 MI

 NH

 NY

 OH

 PA

 VT

 WI

34.40

31.80

31.60

29.00

33.10

27.20

28.40

27.70

28.30

26.40

34.30

27.80

25.20

26.60

25.60

22.90

21.40

26.10

24.70

26.60

34.30

33.30

31.90

29.50

30.90

30.35

29.70

28.50

29.80

26.20

33.90

26.10

26.40

29.30

27.60

29.80

24.40

25.00

26.80

25.60

19.90

16.70

18.50

16.50

19.10

16.45

16.30

16.00

17.00

13.90

17.40

14.50

16.20

16.10

15.50

14.15

14.90

14.30

14.50

12.90

19.60

17.70

18.60

16.10

17.70

17.10

16.80

16.50

17.60

14.30

18.20

15.90

15.40

14.90

15.60

16.40

13.40

14.40

15.50

13.60

11.80

9.25

10.70

9.41

10.90

9.65

9.50

9.00

10.00

7.10

8.90

8.30

8.80

7.68

8.55

8.05

8.20

7.80

8.20

8.10

11.40

10.00

11.20

9.30

10.80

10.00

9.45

9.46

10.30

7.50

10.10

8.55

8.30

7.70

8.20

8.10

8.55

8.24

8.60

7.20

6.90

5.35

6.55

5.69

6.45

5.95

5.80

5.60

6.25

4.40

5.10

5.00

5.30

4.36

5.40

5.00

4.70

4.80

4.55

4.90

7.10

5.85

6.30

5.30

6.50

6.25

6.20

5.59

6.35

4.30

5.60

4.90

5.05

4.30

4.95

4.85

5.25

4.75

5.00

3.90

4.20

3.85

4.35

4.18

3.70

3.70

4.50

3.50

4.05

3.00

3.15

3.15

3.20

2.99

2.90

3.15

3.30

3.10

3.10

2.70

4.65

4.15

5.05

3.20

3.85

4.10

4.25

3.44

4.45

2.70

3.65

3.60

3.05

2.20

3.10

2.95

3.60

2.96

3.05

2.40

Bulk All Grades Bulk All Grades All Sales

1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998

Dollars per Pound Dollars per Pound Dollars per Gallon Dollars per Gallon Equivalent per Gallon Equivalent per Gallon

Bulk

 CT

 ME

 MA

 MI

 NH

 NY

 OH

 PA

 VT

 WI

1.31

1.40

1.48

1.76

1.40

1.45

1.60

1.40

1.58

1.50

1.70

1.55

2.10

1.90

2.45

1.60

1.70

1.54

1.80

1.50

14.40

15.40

16.30

19.40

15.50

15.80

17.20

15.10

17.40

16.30

18.70

17.10

23.20

20.50

27.00

17.40

18.60

17.00

19.80

17.00

41.70

19.80

37.20

31.50

40.20

25.10

30.80

26.00

27.60

21.90

41.10

20.60

36.20

32.00

36.20

26.85

29.80

26.00

29.00

23.10 1 Prices for 1997 are revised.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 15 NASS, USDA

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 1998-99

(Domestic Units) 1

Crop

Area Planted Area Harvested

1998 1999 1998 1999

1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres 1,000 Acres

Grains & Hay

 Barley

 Corn for Grain 2

 Corn for Silage

 Hay, All

 Alfalfa

 All Other

 Oats

 Rice

 Rye

 Sorghum for Grain 2

 Sorghum for Silage

 Wheat, All

 Winter

 Durum

 Other Spring

Oilseeds

 Canola

 Cottonseed

 Flaxseed

 Mustard Seed

 Peanuts

 Rapeseed

 Safflower

 Soybeans for Beans

 Sunflower

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops

 Cotton, All

 Upland

 Amer-Pima

 Sugarbeets

 Sugarcane

 Tobacco

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils

 Austrian Winter Peas

 Dry Edible Beans

 Dry Edible Peas

 Lentils

 Wrinkled Seed Peas

Potatoes & Misc.

 Coffee (HI)

 Ginger Root (HI)

 Hops

 Peppermint Oil

 Potatoes, All

 Winter

 Spring

 Summer

 Fall

 Spearmint Oil

 Sweet Potatoes

 Taro (HI) 3

6,340.0

80,187.0

4,902.0

3,345.0

1,571.0

9,626.0

65,871.0

46,449.0

3,805.0

15,617.0

1,127.0

336.0

98.9

1,521.0

4.8

303.0

72,375.0

3,553.0

13,392.5

13,064.3

328.2

1,498.8

9.0

2,010.1

323.4

162.0

1,422.7

15.5

93.0

73.0

1,241.2

87.2

5,274.0

78,219.0

4,732.0

3,580.0

1,590.0

8,804.0

63,029.0

43,399.0

4,270.0

15,360.0

521.0

1,508.0

73,105.0

3,955.0

13,944.2

13,639.0

305.2

1,547.7

2,045.5

17.9

87.7

86.7

5,867.0

72,604.0

5,919.0

60,016.0

23,642.0

36,374.0

2,765.0

3,317.0

418.0

7,723.0

305.0

59,002.0

40,126.0

3,728.0

15,148.0

1,092.0

329.0

95.6

1,467.0

4.7

285.0

70,811.0

3,476.0

10,683.6

10,448.8

234.8

1,451.7

951.5

717.7

7.4

1,913.9

309.1

158.5

6.1

0.4

36.6

124.0

1,393.7

15.0

90.6

68.1

1,220.0

27.4

83.8

0.5

60,093.0

2,686.0

36,043.0

647.9

34.2

17.7

85.8

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the

full 1999 crop year. 2

 Area planted for all purposes. 3 Acreage is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 16 NASS, USDA

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 1998-99

(Domestic Units) 1

Crop Unit

Yield Production

1998 1999 1998 1999

1,000 1,000

Grains & Hay

 Barley

 Corn for Grain

 Corn for Silage

 Hay, All

 Alfalfa

 All Other

 Oats

 Rice 2

 Rye

 Sorghum for Grain

 Sorghum for Silage

 Wheat, All

 Winter

 Durum

 Other Spring

Oilseeds

 Canola

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed

 Mustard Seed

 Peanuts

 Rapeseed

 Safflower

 Soybeans for Beans

 Sunflower

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops

 Cotton, All 2

 Upland 2

 Amer-Pima 2

 Sugarbeets

 Sugarcane

 Tobacco

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils

 Austrian Winter Peas 2

 Dry Edible Beans 2

 Dry Edible Peas 2

 Lentils 2

 Wrinkled Seed Peas

Potatoes & Misc.

 Coffee (HI)

 Ginger Root (HI)

 Hops

 Peppermint Oil

 Potatoes, All

 Winter

 Spring

 Summer

 Fall

 Spearmint Oil

 Sweet Potatoes

 Taro (HI) 3

Bu

"

Ton

"

"

"

Bu

Cwt

Bu

"

Ton

Bu

"

"

"

Lb

Ton

Bu

Lb

"

"

"

Bu

Lb

Bale

"

"

Ton

"

Lb

Cwt

"

"

"

"

Lb

"

"

"

Cwt

"

"

"

"

Lb

Cwt

Lb

60.1

134.4

16.0

2.52

3.47

1.91

60.4

5,669

28.2

67.3

11.4

43.2

46.9

37.8

34.9

1,455

20.4

855

2,702

1,353

1,446

38.9

1,509

625

619

904

22.5

35.8

2,061

1,405

1,611

1,920

1,223

1,480

50,000

1,625

78

343

199

233

277

356

109

148

44.7

204

270

352,445

9,761,085

94,525

151,338

82,010

69,328

167,122

188,051

11,795

519,933

3,487

2,550,383

1,880,605

141,069

528,709

1,588,620

5,497

6,708

81,750

3,963,440

6,360

412,085

2,756,794

5,246,701

13,918.2

13,475.9

442.3

32,606

34,057

1,479,179

104

30,828

5,934

1,938

674

9,000

18,000

59,548

9,727

477,381

2,980

21,137

18,896

434,368

2,987

12,382

6,000

1,611,599

3,618

23,205

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the

full 1999 crop year. 2

 Yield in pounds. 3 Yield is not estimated.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 17 NASS, USDA

Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 1997-99

(Domestic Units) 1

Crop Unit

Production

1997 1998 1999

1,000 1,000 1,000

Citrus 2

 Grapefruit

 K-Early Citrus (FL)

 Lemons

 Oranges

 Tangelos (FL)

 Tangerines

 Temples (FL)

Non-Citrus

 Apples

 Apricots

 Bananas (HI)

 Grapes

 Olives (CA)

 Papayas (HI)

 Peaches

 Pears

 Prunes, Dried (CA)

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA)

Nuts & Misc.

 Almonds (CA)

 Hazelnuts

 Pecans

 Pistachios (CA)

 Walnuts (CA)

 Maple Syrup

Ton

"

"

"

"

"

"

1,000 Lbs

Ton

Lb

Ton

"

Lb

1,000 Lbs

Ton

"

"

Lb

Ton

Lb

"

Ton

1,000 Gal

2,888

7

958

12,677

178

418

108

10,323.8

139.2

13,700.0

7,290.9

104.0

38,800.0

2,624.6

1,042.5

214.0

25.5

759,000

47.0

335,000

180,000

269.0

1,298

2,626

2

935

13,670

128

360

101

10,943.6

130.2

21,000.0

5,595.6

90.0

39,900.0

2,425.8

926.2

108.0

25.6

520,000

15.5

155,050

188,000

227.0

1,159

2,572

4

817

9,819

115

333

81

180.0

760,000

1,180 1 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the

full 1999 crop year. 2 Production years are 1996-97, 1997-98, and 1998-99.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 18 NASS, USDA

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 1998-99

(Metric Units) 1

Crop

Area Planted Area Harvested

1998 1999 1998 1999

Hectares Hectares Hectares Hectares

Grains & Hay

 Barley

 Corn for Grain 2

 Corn for Silage

 Hay, All 3

 Alfalfa

 All Other

 Oats

 Rice

 Rye

 Sorghum for Grain 2

 Sorghum for Silage

 Wheat, All 3

 Winter

 Durum

 Other Spring

Oilseeds

 Canola

 Cottonseed

 Flaxseed

 Mustard Seed

 Peanuts

 Rapeseed

 Safflower

 Soybeans for Beans

 Sunflower

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops

 Cotton, All 3

 Upland

 Amer-Pima

 Sugarbeets

 Sugarcane

 Tobacco

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils

 Austrian Winter Peas

 Dry Edible Beans

 Dry Edible Peas

 Lentils

 Wrinkled Seed Peas

Potatoes & Misc.

 Coffee (HI)

 Ginger Root (HI)

 Hops

 Peppermint Oil

 Potatoes, All 3

 Winter

 Spring

 Summer

 Fall

 Spearmint Oil

 Sweet Potatoes

 Taro (HI) 4

2,565,730

32,450,880

1,983,790

1,353,690

635,770

3,895,550

26,657,330

18,797,450

1,539,850

6,320,040

456,090

135,980

40,020

615,530

1,940

122,620

29,289,440

1,437,860

5,419,810

5,286,990

132,820

606,550

3,640

813,470

130,880

65,560

575,750

6,270

37,640

29,540

502,300

35,290

2,134,340

31,654,450

1,914,990

1,448,790

643,460

3,562,890

25,507,210

17,563,140

1,728,030

6,216,040

210,840

610,270

29,584,860

1,600,550

5,643,080

5,519,570

123,510

626,340

827,790

7,240

35,490

35,090

2,374,320

29,382,110

2,395,360

24,287,880

9,567,680

14,720,190

1,118,970

1,342,360

169,160

3,125,420

123,430

23,877,520

16,238,590

1,508,680

6,130,240

441,920

133,140

38,690

593,680

1,900

115,340

28,656,500

1,406,700

4,323,550

4,228,520

95,020

587,490

385,060

290,430

2,990

774,540

125,090

64,140

2,470

150

14,830

50,180

564,020

6,070

36,660

27,560

493,720

11,090

33,910

200

24,319,040

1,087,000

14,586,240

262,180

13,860

7,160

34,720

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the

full 1999 crop year. 2

 Area planted for all purposes. 3 Total may not add due to rounding. 4 Area is total hectares in crop, not

harvested hectares.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 19 NASS, USDA

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 1998-99

(Metric Units) 1

Crop

Yield Production

1998 1999 1998 1999

Metric Tons Metric Tons Metric Tons Metric Tons

Grains & Hay

 Barley

 Corn for Grain

 Corn for Silage

 Hay, All 2

 Alfalfa

 All Other

 Oats

 Rice

 Rye

 Sorghum for Grain

 Sorghum for Silage

 Wheat, All 2

 Winter

 Durum

 Other Spring

Oilseeds

 Canola

 Cottonseed 3

 Flaxseed

 Mustard Seed

 Peanuts

 Rapeseed

 Safflower

 Soybeans for Beans

 Sunflower

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops

 Cotton, All 2

 Upland

 Amer-Pima

 Sugarbeets

 Sugarcane

 Tobacco

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils

 Austrian Winter Peas

 Dry Edible Beans

 Dry Edible Peas

 Lentils

 Wrinkled Seed Peas

Potatoes & Misc.

 Coffee (HI)

 Ginger Root (HI)

 Hops

 Peppermint Oil

 Potatoes, All 2

 Winter

 Spring

 Summer

 Fall

 Spearmint Oil

 Sweet Potatoes

 Taro (HI) 3

3.23

8.44

35.80

5.65

7.78

4.27

2.17

6.35

1.77

4.23

25.63

2.91

3.15

2.54

2.35

1.63

1.28

0.96

3.03

1.52

1.62

2.62

1.69

0.70

0.69

1.01

50.35

80.24

2.31

1.58

1.81

2.15

1.37

1.65

56.04

1.82

0.09

38.39

22.27

26.15

31.10

39.91

0.12

16.56

3.01

22.91

30.31

7,673,580

247,942,980

85,751,640

137,291,520

74,398,220

62,893,300

2,425,770

8,529,850

299,610

13,206,910

3,163,350

69,410,050

51,181,680

3,839,270

14,389,100

720,590

4,987,160

170,390

37,080

1,797,790

2,880

186,920

75,027,640

2,379,860

3,030,330

2,934,030

96,300

29,579,670

30,895,990

670,940

4,720

1,398,330

269,160

87,910

30,570

4,080

8,160

27,010

4,410

21,653,640

135,170

958,760

857,110

19,702,600

1,350

561,640

2,720

43,860,540

164,110

1,052,560

1

 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the

full 1999 crop year. 2

 Production may not add due to rounding. 3 Yield is not estimated.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 20 NASS, USDA

Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 1997-99

(Metric Units) 1

Crop

Production

1997 1998 1999

Metric tons Metric tons Metric tons

Citrus 2

 Grapefruit

 K-Early Citrus (FL)

 Lemons

 Oranges

 Tangelos (FL)

 Tangerines

 Temples (FL)

Non-Citrus

 Apples

 Apricots

 Bananas (HI)

 Grapes

 Olives (CA)

 Papayas (HI)

 Peaches

 Pears

 Prunes, Dried (CA)

 Prunes & Plums (Ex CA)

Nuts & Misc.

 Almonds (CA)

 Hazelnuts

 Pecans

 Pistachios (CA)

 Walnuts (CA)

 Maple Syrup

2,619,950

6,350

869,080

11,500,380

161,480

379,200

97,980

4,682,800

126,310

6,210

6,614,190

94,350

17,600

1,190,500

945,740

194,140

23,130

344,280

42,640

151,950

81,650

244,030

6,490

2,382,270

1,810

848,220

12,401,220

116,120

326,590

91,630

4,963,930

118,120

9,530

5,076,200

81,650

18,100

1,100,320

840,270

97,980

23,220

235,870

14,060

70,330

85,280

205,930

5,790

2,333,280

3,630

741,170

8,907,650

104,330

302,090

73,480

163,290

344,730

5,900 1 Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the

full 1999 crop year. 2 Production years are 1996-97, 1997-98, and 1998-99.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 21 NASS, USDA

Crop Moisture

Depicts short term (up to about 4 weeks) abnormal dryness or wetness affecting Agriculture, responds rapidly,

can change considerably week to week, and indicates normal conditions at the beginning and end of the

growing season.

Uses...applicable in measuring the short term, week-to-week, status of dryness or wetness affecting warm

season crops and field operations.

Limitations...may not be applicable to germination and shallow rooted crops which are unable to extract the

deep or subsoil moisture from a 5-foot profile, or for cool season crops growing when temperatures are

averaging below about 55 degrees fahrenheit. It is not generally indicative of the long term (months, years)

drought or wet spells which are depicted by the drought severity index.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 22 NASS, USDA

Drought Severity

Drought severity index (Palmer): Depicts prolonged (months, years) abnormal dryness or wetness; responds

slowly; changes little from week to week; and reflects long term moisture runoff, recharge, and deep

percolation, as well as evaportranspiration.

Uses...applicable in measuring disruptive effects of prolonged dryness or wetness on water sensitive

economies; designating disaster areas of drought or wetness and reflecting the general long-term status of

water supplies in aquifers, reservoirs, and streams.

Limitations...is not generally indicative of short-term (few weeks) status of drought or wetness such as

frequently affects crops and field operations (this is indicated by the crop moisture index).
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 23 NASS, USDA

May Weather Summary: A weather pattern similar to that observed during April carried through May,

keeping several anomalies intact through a second consecutive month. The pattern left much of the West

cool, the Great Lakes region warm, and southern Texas hot. In addition, most of the Plains and western

Corn Belt remained wet, while large portions of the East and many areas along and near the Gulf Coast were

unfavorably dry.

Monthly temperatures averaged 2 to 4 degrees F above normal in the Great Lakes region, spurring the

development of winter wheat and spring-sown crops. Departures also reached +4 degrees F across southern

Texas. Readings ranged from 1 to 4 degrees F below normal in the Northwest and as much as 5 degrees F

below normal in California’s Central Valley, hindering crop development. Widespread frost and sub-freezing

temperatures affected the Northwest through mid-month. Near-normal monthly temperatures prevailed in

most other areas, including the Plains and the Southeast.

Monthly rainfall totaled 8 inches or more across parts of the east-central Plains and western Corn Belt,

delaying spring planting and increasing disease pressure in winter wheat. Excessive precipitation (4 to

7 inches) also soaked much of North Dakota, hampering planting operations. Meanwhile, frequent rains,

totaling more than 4 inches, eased dryness in the northern Mid-Atlantic region and across southern

New England. Farther south, however, drought intensified in the shadow of the Appalachians, from the

Chesapeake Bay watershed southwestward into the piedmont of Georgia. Drought also persisted in northern

Florida, but showers provided some relief and eased irrigation requirements in southern parts of the State. 

Despite cool weather and a record- to near-record snow pack in the Cascades, topsoil dryness worsened in the

interior Northwest, stressing small grains.

General Crop Comments: May began with warmer, drier weather and gusty winds that rapidly removed

excess moisture from soggy soils in the Corn Belt. The dry weather allowed corn planting to move ahead of

the 5-year average for the first time this spring, as planters ran nearly around the clock for several days in

many areas of the Corn Belt. Soybean planting remained slow, as the western Corn Belt concentrated on

planting corn. In the eastern Corn Belt, especially in Ohio, soybean planting advanced more rapidly, as

warmer, drier weather prevailed. Early-month thunderstorms that produced isolated hail, severe tornadoes,

and heavy rains damaged some wheat fields in eastern Oklahoma and adjacent areas of Kansas and Missouri. 

The Tennessee Valley, and adjacent areas of the Southeast and lower Mississippi Valley, also received heavy

rains that halted fieldwork and delayed planting. In the Atlantic Coastal Plains, planting progress lagged due

to dry soils. Planting rapidly progressed in the lower Mississippi Valley despite rain delays in Mississippi. 

Persistent showers interrupted planting of small grains in the northern Great Plains, while drier weather aided

planting in the High Plains and northern Rockies. Interior areas of the Pacific Northwest remained

unfavorably dry, but crops steadily developed in California, despite a resumption of below-normal

temperatures.

Corn and soybean planting remained ahead of normal as the month progressed despite additional rain delays

in the western Corn Belt near mid-month. Warm weather aided crop development in the eastern Corn Belt,

while the rain in the western Corn Belt softened crusted soils and allowed sprouted seeds to emerge. Storms

in the southern Great Plains kept soils excessively wet in western Missouri and eastern parts of Kansas and

Oklahoma. In the northern Great Plains, planting delays continued due to additional rainfall and poor drying

conditions, while below-normal temperatures hindered development of seeded crops. Seasonable

temperatures aided wheat development in the eastern Corn Belt and central and southern Great Plains. In the

Atlantic Coastal Plains, planting accelerated after soils dried from earlier showers. Cotton planting was aided

by dry, sunny weather in the Southeast and inland areas of the lower Mississippi Valley. Soaking rains

provided much-needed moisture for planting and crop development along the western Gulf Coast. In the

Pacific Northwest, dry soils continued to stress small grains, while cool weather hindered growth.

Thunderstorms continued to delay planting in the western Corn Belt and adjacent areas of the central and

southern Great Plains until well after mid-month. Hail, erosion, flooding, and standing water associated with

the severe storms damaged crops in parts of Iowa, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Lighter rainfall in the eastern

Corn Belt and lower Mississippi Valley caused minimal planting delays, while providing good moisture for

crop development. In the Northeast, soaking rains temporarily eased drought conditions in most areas, but

coastal areas of the middle and southern Atlantic Coast States remained excessively dry. Planting was
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 24 NASS, USDA

hindered by dry soils in many areas of the Southeast, especially Georgia which received no significant

rainfall, while eastern and southern Texas received timely showers that boosted crop development. Dry

weather aided planting and seasonable temperatures promoted crop development in the central High Plains,

while wet conditions lingered in parts of the northern Great Plains. In the Pacific Northwest, drought

conditions hindered development of nonirrigated small grains. Field activities progressed normally in

California, and most crops rapidly developed, as dry, seasonal weather prevailed.

Dry, sunny weather removed excess soil moisture in many areas of the Corn Belt and northern Great Plains

late in the month, allowing many growers to finish planting corn and soybeans. By the end of the month, corn

planting was nearly finished and soybean planting was ahead of normal. Dry weather also aided planting in

the Southeast and Atlantic Coastal Plains, but severe moisture shortages hindered crop emergence and stunted

growth. Heavy rains delayed planting in the southern Great Plains late in the month. Hail and strong winds

associated with the thunderstorms damaged some wheat fields and row crops in Texas and parts of Oklahoma. 

Crops were stressed by continued drought conditions in the Pacific Northwest. In California, dry conditions

aided fieldwork and warmer weather accelerated crop development. 

As the month came to an end, corn was 96 percent and soybeans were 71 percent planted. Eighty percent of

the corn acreage and 37 percent of the soybean crop was emerged. Planting and emergence of both crops

equaled or exceeded the normal pace in most of the Corn Belt. Eighty percent of the winter wheat crop was

headed and 2 percent of the acreage was harvested at month’s end, near the normal pace for both stages. 

Cotton planting, at 82 percent, and cotton squaring, at 7 percent, were near the 5-year averages. Rice planting

was nearly complete, at 98 percent, and 93 percent was emerged, well ahead of the average and last year’s

slow pace. Planting and emergence of small grains lagged behind the 5-year averages. Spring wheat was

85 percent planted and 65 percent emerged. Barley was 83 percent planted and 63 percent emerged. Oats

were 91 percent planted and 83 percent emerged. Sorghum planting also lagged behind normal, as 44 percent

was planted by the end of the month. The peanut crop was 90 percent planted, compared with 82 percent last

year.

Peaches: The 1999 peach crop in California, Georgia, and South Carolina is forecast at 2.08 billion pounds,

up 6 percent from last year but 6 percent below the 1997 crop. Freestone peach production is projected at

1.03 billion pounds, 12 percent above last year but down 3 percent from 1997. Adequate chilling hours in

California, along with favorable but dry weather in the Southeast, are responsible for the increase.

The California Freestone crop is unchanged from the May 1 forecast at 740 million pounds, up 5 percent from

last year. Adequate chilling hours over the winter season made for a larger crop with normal sized fruit

for 1999. The California Clingstone crop is also unchanged from the May 1 forecast at 1,050 million pounds,

up 1 percent from 1998.

South Carolina’s peach crop, forecast at 160 million pounds, is up 14 percent from last year and unchanged

from 1997. The growing season has been favorable for most of the spring but recent conditions are dry.

Georgia’s peach crop is forecast at 130 million pounds, up 86 percent from 1998 but down 19 percent

from 1997. The mild winter was favorable for the 1999 peach crop, unlike the 1998 crop which suffered

extensive freeze and hail damage. An average crop is expected but rain is needed for the fruit to size.

Winter Wheat: Harvested area is forecast at 36.0 million acres, down 1 percent from May 1 and down

10 percent from 1998. The entire decline from last month is in Kansas. Heading has reached 88 percent in the

19 states while harvest progress was just 2 percent, ranging from none in most states to 56 percent in Georgia. 

Soft Red Winter yields in the Delta and Southeast are generally equal to or higher than last month; Alabama,

Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee are at record levels. Disease problems have been minimal in Indiana.

Kentucky’s wheat has the highest condition rating in four years. Collective head count forecasts are at record

levels in the Soft Red Objective Yield States of Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio. Head weights are above average.

Prospects are for an excellent crop in Ohio. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 25 NASS, USDA

Forecasted head counts from the Objective Yield surveys in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado,

Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas) are similar to last year, but with low average weights

forecast. Colorado’s crop is in mostly good or better condition; hail losses have been normal. The May 16

hailstorm affected all or parts of 15 counties in Kansas with damage varying widely. North-central Montana is

dry. May precipitation has improved conditions in Nebraska. The Texas harvest had moved into the Low

Plains by the end of May and was winding down in the Blacklands and central areas. California’s non-Durum

harvest progressed well during May, advancing into the San Joaquin Valley by mid-month.

Eastern Oregon needs rain; cool weather has kept the crop alive so far. Washington’s crop is developing

slowly and could also use rain. Combined plant populations in the Pacific Northwest Objective Yield region

are higher than average, but forecasted head weight is lower than normal. The Michigan winter crop is rated

in good to excellent condition.

Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at 17.1 million bushels.

This is unchanged from May 1, but down 45 percent from 1998. Arizona harvest was about 25 percent

complete by June 1. The California Imperial Valley harvest was 60 percent finished by June 1, while the

San Joaquin Valley crop had just started by late May.

Sweet cherries: U.S. 1999 sweet cherry production is forecast at 183,000 tons, up 10 percent from

1998 but down 6 percent from 1997. California expects to rebound from last year’s poor crop, the lowest

since 1986. Oregon and Washington expect declines due to unfavorable weather conditions. 

The sweet cherry crop in California is forecast at 50,000 tons, more than triple last year’s production of

15,400 tons. Growing conditions were favorable, with moderate rain and a good amount of chill hours.

The Washington crop, at 80,000 tons, is 17 percent less than last year. Cool weather during the bloom period

resulted in poor pollination in many areas. Production in Oregon is forecast at 53,000 tons, down 4 percent

from a year ago. Bloom was heavier than last year, but poor pollination and a cool, wet spring lowered crop

potential.

Dried Prunes: California’s 1999 production is forecast at 180,000 tons, 67 percent above last year but

16 percent below 1997. Growers had to thin their crop in the San Joaquin Valley due to heavy fruit set,

despite cool, wet conditions during the blooming period. 

Apricots: California's 1999 apricot production is forecast at 125,000 tons, up 11 percent from last year but

down 5 percent from 1997. Growers experienced one of their best blooming periods in years. Some growers

are concerned about size due to heavy fruit set. Crop maturity is 10 days later than average.

Florida Citrus: Citrus groves were dry for most of May, but there were a few days of hard rains and

thunderstorms. Growers irrigated most of the month. The spring drought helped prolong this year's blooming

cycle. By the end of the month, there were several groves still in full, open bloom. Most well cared for

groves bloomed during February, March, and April, which is normal. New crop fruit is making regular

progress, depending on bloom date. 

Harvest of Valencia oranges slowed during the month as supplies started to run low. Harvest of all grapefruit

was virtually over by the end of May. Movement of Temples and Honey tangerines also ended by month’s
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 26 NASS, USDA

end. Caretakers have been very active with post bloom nutritional spraying and cutting cover crops. 

Abandoned groves and dead trees are being pushed out and burned. Growers are resetting older groves that

have skips and vacancies.

Texas Citrus: Shippers were finalizing operations on the 1998-99 crops by the end of May. Rains during late

May were very beneficial to groves in the Rio Grande Valley. These rains helped next year’s crop make good

progress.

California Citrus: Picking of Valencia oranges and lemons in southern California was active during May

and good to excellent quality was reported. Growers in the San Joaquin Valley were trying to salvage any

Valencia oranges left after December’s freeze. Most of the salvageable fruit went for juice. Tree damage

from the freeze was minimal and a good bloom for next season’s crop was reported.

California Fruits and Nuts: A cool, dry spring has slowed maturity of fruit and nut crops. Many crops are

two weeks behind normal maturity. Fresh use grapes were harvested in the Coachella Valley. Major varieties

picked included Perlette and Flame Seedless and quality has been good. In other areas of the state, grape

growers were applying sulfur and insecticides to control mildew and insects. Stone fruit growers were

thinning their crops because of the heavy set. Almond tree limbs were propped up due to the heavy nut set. 

Strawberry picking in the central valley continued.

Grapefruit: The June 1 forecast of the U.S. grapefruit crop is 2.57 million tons, down less than 1 percent

from the May forecast and down 2 percent from last season. The June 1 forecast of Florida grapefruit is

decreased to 47.6 million boxes (2.02 million tons). If realized, the forecast will be down 4 percent from a

year ago. The white seedless forecast continues at 18.0 million boxes (765,000 tons), down 2 percent from

last season. The colored seedless forecast is reduced to 29.0 million boxes (1.23 million tons), 2 percent less

than last month and 5 percent less than the 1997-98 season. The monthly Row Count survey indicated less

than 5 percent of the rows remaining to be harvested. The forecast of seedy grapefruit is unchanged at

600,000 boxes (26,000 tons). All seedy grapefruit are certified in processed form and records are dependent

on load tickets.

Grapefruit production in Texas is forecast at 6.00 million boxes (240,000 tons), up 7 percent from May and

up 25 percent from the previous season. Movement of grapefruit continues to exceed expectations as the

harvesting season winds down. California and Arizona forecasts are carried forward from previous forecasts.

Tangerines: The U.S. tangerine crop forecast remains at 333,000 tons, down 8 percent from the previous

season. Florida’s tangerine crop is forecast at 4.95 million boxes (235,000 tons), unchanged from the May

forecast. The Sunburst variety contributed nearly 70 percent to the early tangerine category with Fallglo next

at more than 20 percent. Dancy and Robinson tangerines together contributed less than 10 percent to the

early tangerine category. The late season Honey tangerine harvest is almost complete. The Honey utilization

will be slightly less than last season, but more than any other season since 1979-80. California and Arizona

tangerine forecasts are carried forward from previous forecasts.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo harvest is complete at 2.55 million boxes (115,000 tons), down 11 percent from

last season and down 35 percent from the 1996-97 season. It is the smallest crop in more than 20 years, with

the exception of the 2.45 million boxes (110,000 tons) from the 1995-96 season.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 27 NASS, USDA

Temples: Florida’s Temple forecast remains at 1.80 million boxes (81,000 tons), 20 percent less than last

season. Temple movement to June 1 is estimated at 1.77 million boxes. Some rows remain to be harvested,

but usability of the fruit is questionable. Other than the 1989-90 freeze season, this is the lowest utilization in

recent history. 

Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 3.30 million pounds for May, 7 percent higher than

April and 10 percent higher than a year ago. Area devoted to papaya production totaled 3,760 acres, slightly

more than last month and 17 percent more than a year ago. Harvested area, totaling 2,150 acres, was

unchanged from April but 1 percent lower than May 1998. 

May weather conditions were variable, with a mix of sunshine and showers over major papaya producing

orchards. Areas along the Hamakua coast of the Big Island, where rainfall is usually ample, were

experiencing declining soil moisture levels.

Bartlett Pears: Production in California, Washington, and Oregon is forecast at 516,000 tons, up 10 percent

from last year but 8 percent below 1997.

California’s expected production of 285,000 tons is 10 percent above 1998. Maturity is about ten days

behind normal due to a cool spring in the growing areas, but quality and fruit size are reported to be good. In

Oregon, growers expect to harvest 66,000 tons, up 2 percent from 1998. Due to longer winter weather

conditions, fruit bloom was two weeks behind normal, but the bloom has been heavy indicating a larger crop

than 1998. In Washington, an above average Bartlett crop is expected, but the effects of cool weather on crop

maturity remain to be seen. Washington’s expected production is 165,000 tons, 14 percent above 1998.

Hops: Acreage strung for harvest this year in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho is forecast at 34,240 acres,

down 7 percent from 1998 and down 21 percent from two years ago. This is the lowest level since 1988

when acreage strung for harvest was 33,400. Unfavorable market conditions across the world are resulting in

less acreage in the United States. Washington, at 25,047 acres strung for harvest, accounts for 73 percent of

the U.S. total. Oregon growers plan to harvest 5,822 acres, 17 percent of the U.S. total. Idaho farmers have

3,371 acres strung for harvest which account for 10 percent of the U.S. total.

Spring weather conditions in all three states were cooler and wetter than normal resulting in hop development

being about one to two weeks later than normal. Some powdery mildew was detected in Washington, but

growers are controlling the situation.

Sugar Crops: Sugarbeet production in 1998 was a record 32.6 million tons, 2 percent above the previous

record established in 1994. The area harvested was revised to 1.45 million acres, up 2 percent from the

previous year. The yield was a record 22.5 tons per acre, 1.6 tons above the 1997 yield of 20.9 tons per acre. 

Record high yields and production in Minnesota and North Dakota more than offset yield and production

decreases in California, Michigan, and Wyoming.

Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 1998 is estimated at a record high 34.7 million tons, 9 percent

above the previous record established in 1997. Area harvested for sugar production totaled to 888,300 acres,

3 percent above a year ago. Area for sugar and seed totaled 947,100 acres, up 4 percent from 1997. The

estimated yield for sugar and seed production is estimated at 36.6 tons per acre, 1.9 tons above the 1997 yield

of 34.7 tons per acre. Processing extended well into January in Louisiana, while Florida mills remained open

until mid-April.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 28 NASS, USDA

Sweet Potatoes: The final estimate of 1998 sweet potato production is 12.4 million cwt, up 4 percent from

the preliminary estimate made in January but 7 percent below the 1997 crop. Harvested acreage of

83,800 acres was unchanged from January, but 2 percent higher than a year earlier. The average yield of

148 cwt per acre was up 6 cwt from the preliminary January yield, but 14 cwt below the average yield of

the1997 crop. Dry weather lowered the yields from South Carolina to Texas.

Maple Syrup: The 1999 U.S. maple syrup production totaled 1.18 million gallons, up 2 percent from last

year. The preliminary value of production, at $32.3 million, is up less than one percent from 1998. This

slight increase was due to higher production offsetting a lower average price. 

Vermont led all states in production with 370,000 gallons, an increase of 3 percent from last season. 

New York’s production, at 195,000 gallons, decreased 16 percent from 1998. This is the third consecutive

year that New York’s production has declined. Maine was the third leading state with 187,000 gallons, up

10 percent from last year. 

The 1999 maple season was less than favorable for all New England states except Connecticut and Maine. 

Temperatures ranged from too warm to too cold for good sap flow in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and

Vermont, but were favorable in Connecticut and Maine. New York also experienced less than ideal

temperatures, ranging from too warm in February to too cold in March. Syrup quality in New York was

reported good and grade was above average. Temperatures in Michigan and Wisconsin were too warm in

March, reducing adequate flow. Temperatures in Ohio and Pennsylvania were mostly favorable.

 

Yield per tap varied among states, with five states averaging above a year ago and the remaining states

averaging below last year. The 1999 tapping season started 3 days later than last year but lasted only 1 day

less than a year ago. Syrup color was primarily medium to light amber in all States. The sap’s sugar content

was about average for most states. 
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 29 NASS, USDA

Reliability of June 1 Winter Wheat Production Forecast

Survey Procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 25 and June 7

to gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in ten States

that accounted for 74 percent of the 1998 production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously

reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat

fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. In early fields, counts

such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number

of heads that would be harvested. A 5-year historical average head weight is used until the crop matures to

the point that heads can be clipped, threshed, and weighed. The number of heads times the weight of the

heads in a sample plot can then be combined to an estimate of yield per acre. The 5-year average harvesting

loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until the crop reaches maturity and

are harvested on the final visit.

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 6,800 wheat producers representing all major

production areas. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the

probable winter wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will be surveyed

throughout the growing season to provide indications of average yields as the season progresses.

Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering

weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Statistical

Office submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB

uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts. 

Revision Policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made

each month throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of

the marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings,

feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative

data warrant changes.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 winter wheat production forecast, the

"Root Mean Square Error", a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. This is done by

expressing the deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the final estimate as a percentage of the

final estimate, and averaging the squared percentage deviations for the 1979-1998 20-year period; the square

root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error". Probability statements can be made

concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming

that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.7 percent. This means

that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast of 1.61 billion bushels will not be above or

below the final estimate by more than 5.7 percent or approximately 92 million bushels. Chances are 9 out of

10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.8 percent or approximately 158 million

bushels. Differences between the June 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the

past 20 years have averaged 84 million bushels, ranging from 8 million to 242 million bushels. The June 1

forecast has been below the final estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the June 1

winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

June 1999 30 NASS, USDA

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service

to contact for additional information.

C. Ray Halley, Chief (202) 720-2127

Field Crops Section

Brad Parks, Head (202) 720-3843

Jerry Ramirez - Soybeans, Minor Oilseeds (202) 720-7369

Rhonda Brandt - Corn (202) 720-9526

Herman Ellison - Peanuts, Rice, Barley (202) 720-7688

Lance Honig - Hay, Sorghum (202) 690-3234

Roger Latham - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings (202) 720-5944

Mark E. Miller - Oats, Sugar Crops, Weekly Crop Weather (202) 720-7621

Vaughn Siegenthaler - Wheat, Rye (202) 720-8068

Fruit, Vegetable & Special Crops Section

Dean Groskurth, Head (202) 720-3843

Arvin Budge - Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes (202) 720-4285

Dave DeWalt - Citrus, Tropical Fruits (202) 720-5412

Steve Gunn - Apples, Cherries, Cranberries, Prunes, Plums (202) 720-4488

Howard Hill - Berries, Grapes, Maple Syrup, Tobacco (202) 720-7235

Dave Ranek - Nuts, Floriculture (202) 720-4215

Jeffrey Kissel - Noncitrus Fruits, Mint, Dry Beans & Peas,

Mushrooms (202) 690-0270

Biz Wallingsford - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions,

 Strawberries (202) 720-2157

Harry Nishimoto - Hops (360) 902-1940
The next "Crop Production" report will be released at 8:30 a.m. ET on July 12, 1999.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs on the basis

of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital

or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require

alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten

Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C., 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice

or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

ACCESS TO REPORTS!!

For your convenience, there are several ways to obtain NASS reports, data products, and services:

INTERNET ACCESS

All NASS reports are available free of charge on the worldwide Internet. For access, connect to the Internet

and go to the NASS Home Page at: http://www.usda.gov/nass/. Select “Today’s Reports” or Publications

and then Reports by Calendar or Publications and then Search, by Title or Subject.

E-MAIL SUBSCRIPTION

All NASS reports are available by subscription free of charge direct to your e-mail address. Send an e-mail

message to: usda-reports@usda.mannlib.cornell.edu. In the body of the message type the word: list.

AUTOFAX ACCESS

NASSFax service is available for some reports from your fax machine. Please call 202-720-2000, using the

handset attached to your fax. Respond to the voice prompts. Document 0411 is a list of available reports.

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PRINTED REPORTS OR DATA PRODUCTS

CALL OUR TOLL-FREE ORDER DESK: 800-999-6779 (U.S. and Canada)

Other areas, please call 703-834-0125 FAX: 703-834-0110

(Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order acceptable for payment.) 

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ASSISTANCE

For assistance with general agricultural statistics or further information about NASS or its products or

services, contact the Agricultural Statistics Hotline at 800-727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail:

nass@nass.usda.gov.