# United States: 2007

2007 Economic Census Transportation 2007 Commodity Flow Survey Issued April 2010

U.S. Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS 

## U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU EC07TCF-US

# U.S. Department of Commerce Gary Locke , Secretary Dennis F. Hightower , Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank , Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves , Director 

# U.S. Department of Transportation Ray LaHood , Secretary John D. Porcari ,

Deputy Secretary Research and Innovative Technology Administration Peter H. Appel , Administrator BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS Steven D. Dillingham , Director EC07TCF-US 

# United States: 2007 Issued April 2010



# 2007 Economic Census Transportation 2007 Commodity Flow Survey

### ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION 

## Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank , Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves , Director Thomas L. Mesenbourg , Deputy Director and Chief Operating Officer C. Harvey Monk, Jr. , Associate Director for Economic Programs William G. Bostic, Jr. , Assistant Director for Economic Programs Mark E. Wallace , Chief, Service Sector Statistics Division 

## BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS Steven D. Dillingham , Director Steven K. Smith , Deputy Director

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States iii Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Contents

Introduction to the Economic Census ............................................................. v 2007 Commodity Flow Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Tables 1a. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 ........................ 1 1b. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 2 1c. Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ................ 3 2a. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 ........................... 4 2b. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ................... 4 2c. Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 5 3a. Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 ............................. 6 3b. Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ..................... 6 3c. Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 7 4a. Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 ............................. 8 4b. Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 and 2002 ..................... 8 4c. Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 ....................................................... 9 5a. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5b. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5c. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 9. Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10. Shipment Characteristics by Industry for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 11. Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 12. Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 13. Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 14. Shipment Characteristics by Origin State for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 15. Shipment Characteristics by Destination State for the United States: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Appendixes A. Comparability With Previous Commodity Flow Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 B. Reliability of the Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 C. Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 D. Standard Classification of Transported Goods Code Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1 E.Sample Questionnaire Instructions and Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States v Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the nation’s economy.It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the U.S. Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the U.S. Census Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, ending in “2” and “7.” The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures as the gross domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes, and other statistical seriesthat measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses of economic census data include the following:
s Policymaking agencies of the federal government use the data to monitor economic activity and assess the effectiveness of policies.
s State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.
s Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to keep their members informed of market changes.
s Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages. 

# BASIS OF REPORTING The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, ship, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activity and not that of its parent company. 

# AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA All results of the 2007 Economic Census are available on the American FactFinder Internet site <www.factfinder .census.gov>. The American FactFinder system at the Web site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the data. For more information, including a description of reports being issued, see the Web site; write to the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300; or call the Customer Services center at 1-800-923-8282 or 301-763-4636. 

# HISTORICAL INFORMATION The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals. The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. The 1905 Census of Manufactures was the first time a census was taken apart from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and construction industries were added in 1930, as were some service trades in 1933. Censuses of construction, manufacturing, and the other business service censuses were suspended during World War II. The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fullyintegrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records have also been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them census report forms. The range of industries covered in the economic censusesexpanded between 1967 and 2007. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967; and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933, wasbroadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also, new for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economic census andthe separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent of all economic

## vi United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## activity. In 2002, there was new coverage in the following four industries classified in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing sector under the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) system: landscape agricultural services, landscaping services, veterinary services, and pet care services.Printed statistical reports from the 1997 and earlier economic censuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries. CD-ROMs issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Economic Censuses contain databases including all or nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as Zip Code statistics, published only on CD-ROM. 

# SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION More information about scope, coverage, and classification system for each economic census and related surveys is published in the “What’s New for 2007” section of the 2007 Economic Census Web site at <www.census.gov/econ /census07/www/whats_new_for_2007/>. Data items and publications for each economic census and related surveys are published as part of the 2007 Economic Census on American FactFinder at <www.factfinder.census.gov>. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of each economic census is published in the “Methodology” section of the 2007 Economic Census Web site at <www .census.gov/econ/census07/www/methodology/>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States vii Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# GENERAL The 2007 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is undertaken through a partnership between the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and the Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), U.S. Department of Transportation. This survey produces data on the movement of goods in the United States. It provides information on commoditiesshipped, their value, weight, and mode of transportation, as well as the origin and destination of shipments of commodities from manufacturing, mining, wholesale, and select retail and services establishments. The CFS data are used by policy makers and transportation plannersin various federal, state, and local agencies for assessing the demand for transportation facilities and services, energy use, and safety risk and environmental concerns. Additionally, business owners, private researchers, andanalysts use the CFS data for analyzing trends in the movement of goods, mapping spatial patterns of commodity and vehicle flows, forecasting demands for the movementof goods, and determining needs for associated infrastructure and equipment. The CFS was conducted previously in 2002, 1997, and 1993. 

# SCOPE Industry Coverage The 2007 CFS covers business establishments with paid employees that are located in the United States and are classified by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) in mining, manufacturing, wholesale trade, and selected retail and services trade industries—namely, electronic shopping and mail-order houses, fuel dealers, and publishers. Additionally, the survey covers auxiliary establishments (i.e., warehouses and managing offices) of multiestablishment companies. Forthe 2007 CFS, an advance survey (precanvass) of approximately 40,000 auxiliary establishments was conducted toidentify those with shipping activity. Surveyed establishments that indicated undertaking shipping activities and the nonrespondents to the precanvass were included in the CFS sample universe. The survey does not cover establishments classified in transportation, construction, and most retail and services industries. Farms, fisheries, foreign establishments, and most government-owned establishments are also excluded. In-scope industries for the 2007 CFS were selected based on the 2002 version of the NAICS, while the industries included in the 2002 CFS were selected based on the 1997 version of the NAICS. For the 1993 CFS and the 1997 CFS, the industries were selected based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Although attemptswere made to maintain similar coverage among the SICbased surveys (1993 and 1997) and the NAICS-based surveys (2002 and 2007), there have been some changes in industry coverage due to the conversion from SIC to NAICS. Most notably, the logging industry changed from anin-scope Manufacturing SIC code (SIC 2411) to an out-ofscope sector of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting under NAICS 1133. Also, publishers were reclassified from Manufacturing Division (SIC 2711, 2721, 2731, 2741, and part of 2771) to information sector (NAICS 5111 and 51223) and were excluded from the 2002 CFS. The 2007 CFS, however, includes publishers and retail fuel dealers.Therefore, data users are urged to use caution when comparing 2007 CFS estimates with estimates from prior years. 

# 2007 Commodity Flow Survey

## viii United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## The NAICS industries covered in the 2007 CFS are listed in the following table: NAICS code Description 212 Mining (except oil and gas) 311 Food manufacturing 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing 313 Textile mills 314 Textile product mills 315 Apparel manufacturing 316 Leather and allied product manufacturing 321 Wood product manufacturing 322 Paper manufacturing 323 1 

## Printing and related support activities 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing 325 Chemical manufacturing 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 331 Primary metal manufacturing 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing 333 Machinery manufacturing 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing 423 2 

## Wholesale trade, durable goods 424 2 

## Wholesale trade, nondurable goods 4541 Electronic shopping and mail-order houses 45431 Fuel dealers 4931 3 

## Warehousing and storage 5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers 51223 4 

## Music publishers 551114 5 

## Corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing offices

1 

### Excludes Pre-Press Services (NAICS 323122). 2 

### Excludes manufacturers sale offices, agents and brokers, and own brand importers. 3 

### Includes only captive warehouses that provide storage and shipping support to a single company. Warehouses offering their services to the general public and other businesses are excluded. 4 

### For tabulation and publication purposes, NAICS 51223 is grouped with NAICS 5111. 5 

### Includes only those establishments in NAICS 551114 with shipping activity. Note: Other industry areas that are not covered, but may have significant shipping activity, include agriculture and government. For agriculture, specifically, this means that the CFS does not cover shipments of agricultural products from thefarm site to the processing centers or terminal elevators (most likely shortdistance local movements) but does cover the shipments of these products from the initial processing centers or terminal elevators onward. 

## Shipment Coverage The CFS captures data on shipments originating from select types of business establishments located in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey does not cover shipments originating from business establishmentslocated in Puerto Rico and other U.S. possessions and territories. Shipments traversing the United States from a foreign location to another foreign location (e.g., from Canada to Mexico) are not included, nor are shipments from aforeign location to a U.S. location. However, imported products are included in the CFS at the point that they leave the importer’s initial domestic location for shipment to another location. Shipments that are shipped through a foreign territory with both the origin and destination in the UnitedStates are included in the CFS data. The mileages calculated for these shipments exclude the international segments (e.g., shipments from New York to Michigan through Canada do not include any mileage for Canada). Export shipments are included in the 2007 CFS. See the “Mileage Calculation” section for additional detail on how mileage estimates were developed. Information Collected Establishments in the 2007 CFS were asked to provide the following information for a sample of their outbound shipments:
s Shipment ID number
s Shipment date (mm/dd)
s Shipment value
s Shipment weight in pounds
s Commodity code from Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) list
s Commodity description
s Hazmat flag (United Nations [UN] or North American [NA] number)
s U.S. destination (city, state, Zip Code)—gateway for export shipment
s Modes of transportation
s Foreign destination (exports only—city, country)
s Export mode By CFS definition, a shipment is a single movement of goods, commodities, or products from an establishment to a single customer or to another establishment owned or operated by the same company as the originating

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States ix Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## establishment (e.g., a warehouse, distribution center, or retail or wholesale outlet). Full or partial truckloads were counted as a single shipment only if all commodities on the truck were destined for the same location. For multiple deliveries on a route, the goods delivered at each stop were counted as one shipment. Interoffice memos, payroll checks, or business correspondence were not included in the CFS. Likewise, the CFS does not include shipments of refuse, scrap paper, waste, or recyclable materials unlessthe establishment was in the business of selling or providing these materials. Data Collection MethodThe CFS survey was conducted through a mailout/mailback with an electronic reporting option. Each establishment selected into the 2007 CFS sample was mailed four questionnaires—one during each calendar quarter of year 2007. The four questionnaires were the same, except for the addition of Item H—“Third-Party Logistics” to the fourth quarter questionnaire (see Appendix E for a copy of the questionnaire). The establishments were asked to provide shipment information about a sample of their individual outbound shipments during a prespecified 1-week period in each calendar quarter. Each of the 4 weeks was in the same relative position of the calendar quarter. Respondents who were interested in electronic reporting could request and use a secure electronic reporting option. Mileage Calculations General The distance traveled by each freight shipment sampled for the 2007 CFS was estimated using routing algorithms and an integrated, intermodal transportation network that has been developed and updated expressly for this purpose. Each shipment record contained the ZIP Codes of shipment origin and destination (O-D pair) and the mode or modal sequence required by the routing algorithm for distance estimation. Each record also contained information on typeof commodity moved, its weight, dollar value, and hazardous materials (hazmat) status. For each export shipment, the U.S. port of exit (POE) was also identified, along with foreign destination city and country.Valid and accurate O-D pair ZIP Codes were essential elements needed for estimating the travel distance of anyshipment. For shipments with missing or invalid geographic data elements, such data elements were imputed if there was a high probability of accurate correction (e.g., a specific destination city/state was provided to allow a ZIP Code to be imputed for the shipment). Follow-up contactwith respondents was required when the missing information could not be reasonably imputed. GeoMiler—software to measure the distance traveled by commodity shipments Mileages were computed using GeoMiler, a routing tool developed in partnership with MacroSys Research andTechnology (MacroSys) specifically for CFS mileage calculations. This software tool used current GeographicInformation System (GIS) technology and spatial multimodal network databases. It integrated map-visualization features with route solvers to handle many alternative multimodal combinations. This tool used algorithms that found the “best path” over spatial representations of the U.S. highway, railway, waterway, and airway networks. For waterborne export shipments, GeoMiler used a waterborne commerce database from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to route freight originating in the United States via the deep sea (ocean). For airborne export shipments, GeoMiler used a newly developed air export network from the RITA /BTS Office of Airline Information (OAI). For a domestic shipment, the mileage was calculated between the centroid (center of the geographic area) of the U.S. origin ZIP Code and the centroid of the destination ZIP Code. The route between an O-D pair was composed of a series of links and an impedance factor was assigned to each link (impedance is defined as a function of distance and travel time). Given a mode or modal sequence, the roleof GeoMiler was to find that “best path” route which minimized the summed total impedance of the links between the specified O-D pair.The mileage for shipments within a ZIP Code (matching O-D pair) was calculated by means of a formula that approximated the longest distance within the boundaries of that ZIP Code. For multimodal shipments (those shipments involving more than one mode, such as truck-rail shipments), spatial joins(intermodal transfer links) were added to the network database to connect the individual modal networks together for routing purposes. An intermodal terminals database and a number of terminal transfer models were developed at RITA/BTS to identify likely transfer points for freight. An algorithm was used to find the minimum impedance path between a shipment’s origin ZIP Code to the transfer point and then from the transfer point to the destination ZIP Code. The cumulative length of the spatial joins plus links on this path provided the estimated distances used in CFS mileage computations. The mileage for an export shipment was calculated between the centroid of the U.S. origin ZIP Code and the border crossing on the path of minimum impedance to the foreign destination country (foreign city in the case ofCanada and Mexico). For all exports, a POE was found (seaport, airport, or border crossing) if not already provided

## x United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## by the respondent. However, only the portion of mileage measured within U.S. borders was included as domestic mileage in the CFS estimates. Methodological Changes From Past Commodity Flow Surveys Improvements in routing logic—particularly for highway, railway, and airway—were built into the GeoMiler software. Through the use of GeoMiler, distance calculations for freight transportation were refined to better estimate the actual shipment mileage. In particular, GeoMiler introduced an overall concept change in algorithm for:
s Highway routing
s Railway routing
s Waterway routing on export shipments
s Airway routing on both domestic and export shipments
s Routing in Alaska Highway routing To estimate highway mileage, GeoMiler considered the functional class of highway so that the “best path” was the quickest path based on the likely use of interstate and other major roadways and not necessarily the shortest path. The “quickest path” algorithms in terms of travel time incorporated the following hierarchical functional class of highway: 1. Interstate route 2. U.S. route 3. State route 4. County or other local route Hence, the 2007 highway model favored the selection of the higher-order routes (interstate) rather than lower-order routes (state and county), which provided a more realistic path for freight movement via highway. The use of these selection criteria, coupled with a more extensive highway network, produced higher mileages (an average of about 3 percent) on highway shipments of distances less than 300 miles. Railway routing To estimate railway mileage, GeoMiler selected a “singlebest path” from those calibrated with route density information obtained from sampled 2005 rail waybills, assigneda specific railroad company at shipment origin, and considered ownership, trackage rights, and interlining (the transfer from one railroad company’s trackage network to that of another). This procedure resulted in an average of about 3 percent higher mileages on railway shipments than the procedure used to estimate the mileage for the 2002 CFS. Waterway routing on export shipments The mileage estimates for export shipments in the 2007 CFS include the total distance from the shipment origin up to the exit port on the U.S. territorial borders. For waterway exports via inland waterways (e.g., the Mississippi River), the mileage calculation included the distance from an inland water POE (such as St. Louis) to a coastal POE (such as New Orleans), and this extra inlandwaterway mileage was included in the total domestic mileage for this shipment. The use of these selection criteria on waterway exports viainland waterways resulted in negligible changes to mileages on inland waterways. For waterway exports via the Great Lakes (Lakes Erie,Huron, Michigan, Ontario, Superior), the mileage calculation was continued from a Great Lakes POE (such as Chicago, Cleveland, Duluth) to the line of demarcation between the United States and Canada (drawn within each of the Great Lakes except Michigan), and this extra Great Lakes mileage was included in the total domestic mileage for this shipment. The use of these selection criteria on waterway exports via the Great Lakes produced much higher (an average of about 15 percent) mileages on Great Lakes waterways. Airway routing on both domestic and export shipments To estimate domestic airway mileage, GeoMiler selected the “single best path” from the three airports closest to theorigin ZIP Code to the three airports closest to the destination ZIP Code. Criteria for route selection were calibrated with 2005 air route information provided by the OAI atRITA/BTS. As in the past, to be acceptable, an airway routing must generate at least twice as many airway miles as highway miles (the ratio of air/truck miles should be at least 2 to 1) in order to reach the destination. Consequently, the GeoMiler chose the most likely air routefrom those routes that were nonstop (direct) from airport facilities with higher cargo lifts (weight transported between two airports) based on the OAI air cargo data. For airway exports, the total domestic mileage included the mileage from the inland POE to a coastal point on the U.S. landmass (where the air flight path to a foreign country intersected with the U.S. territorial border). The use of these selection criteria on both domestic airway and airway exports via inland airports, coupled with a more extensive airway network, produced much higher (an average of about 12 percent) mileages on airways.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States xi Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Routing in AlaskaMuch of Alaska was inaccessible by any mode of transportation except “bush” airplanes. A “bush” airplane is a small aircraft that usually carries no more than four people, including the “bush” pilot. For the 2007 CFS, a network of mini airports, more extensive than that used previously in the 2002 CFS, was incorporated into intrastate travel within Alaska to accommodate “short-hop” flights where no established roads existed, especially in cases where the respondent reported a mode of highway. Mileage Data for Pipeline Shipments For pipeline shipments, ton-miles and average miles per shipment are not shown in the data files. For most of theseshipments, the respondents reported the shipment destination as a pipeline facility on the main pipeline network.Therefore, for the majority of these shipments, the resulting mileage represented only the access distance through feeder pipelines to the main pipeline network and not the actual distance through the main pipeline network. Pipeline shipments are included in the U.S. totals for ton-miles and average miles per shipment. For security purposes, there is no pipeline network available in the public domain with which to route petroleum-based products. Hence, any modal distance, either single or multi, involving pipeline was considered as solely pipeline mileage from origin ZIP Code to destination ZIP Code and calculated to equal great circle distance (GCD). GCD is defined as the shortest distance between two points on the earth’s surface, taking into account the earth’s curvature. Availability of Additional Transportation Data Users of transportation data may be especially interested in the reports from the Service Annual Survey, which can be found on the Census Bureau’s Web site at <www.census.gov/services>. This survey covers firms with paid employees that provide commercial motor freight transportation and public warehousing services. Data collected include operating revenue and operating revenue by source,percentage of motor carrier freight revenue by commodity type, size of shipments handled, length of haul, and vehicle fleet inventory.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 1 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 1a. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percentage of total 2007 (thousands) Percentage of total 2007 (millions) Percentage of total **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,539,037 81.6 11,698,128 93.3 2,894,251 86.5 234**  Truck2**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 8,335,789 71.3 8,778,713 70.0 1,342,104 40.1 206 For-hire truck **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 4,955,700 42.4 4,075,136 32.5 1,055,646 31.6 599 Private truck **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 3,380,090 28.9 4,703,576 37.5 286,457 8.6 57 Rail **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 436,420 3.7 1,861,307 14.8 1,344,040 40.2 728 Water**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 114,905 1.0 403,639 3.2 157,314 4.7 520 Shallow draft **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 91,004 0.8 343,307 2.7 117,473 3.5 144 Great Lakes**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** (S) (S) 17,792 0.1 6,887 0.2 657 Deep draft **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 23,058 0.2 42,540 0.3 32,954 1.0 923 Air (includes truck and air) **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 252,276 2.2 3,611 (Z) 4,510 0.1 1,304 Pipeline 3 **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 399,646 3.4 650,859 5.2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866,723 16.0 573,729 4.6 416,642 12.5 975**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 1,561,874 13.4 33,900 0.3 27,961 0.8 975 Truck and rail **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 187,248 1.6 225,589 1.8 196,772 5.9 1,007 Truck and water**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 58,389 0.5 145,521 1.2 98,396 2.9 1,429 Rail and water**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 13,892 0.1 54,878 0.4 47,111 1.4 1,928 Other multiple modes **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 45,320 0.4 113,841 0.9 46,402 1.4 1,182 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279,113 2.4 271,567 2.2 33,764 1.0 116**  (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## 2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 1b. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total ...........................................**  **100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Single modes**  **........................................ 81.6 83.9 93.3 95.0 86.5 91.4**  Truck2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 74.3 70.0 67.2 40.1 40.0

For-hire truck
............................................ 42.4 44.7 32.5 31.3 31.6 30.6 Private truck
............................................. 28.9 29.1 37.5 35.6 8.6 9.3 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 3.7 14.8 16.1 40.2 40.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.1 3.2 5.8 4. 7 9.0

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.7 2.7 3.9 3.5 6.7 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) – 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 0.3 1.6 1.0 1.8 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.2 (Z) – 0.1 0.2 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1.8 5.2 5.9 (S) (S) **Multiple modes .......................................**  **16.0 12.9 4.6 1.9 12.5 7.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
............................ 13.4 11.8 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.6 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 0.8 1.8 0.4 5.9 1.5 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.2 1.2 0.2 2.9 1.0 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.4 0.9 1.4 3.7 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 – 0.9 0.2 1.4 0.4 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.2 2.2 3.1 1.0 1.4**  – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Notes: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the I nternet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 3 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 1c. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) 2002 (million dollars) Percentage change 2007 (thousands) 2002 (thousands) Percentage change 2007 (millions) 2002 (millions) Percentage change 2007 2002 Percentage change **Total .......................**  **11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6 619 546 13.5 Single modes**  **.................... 9,539,037 7,049,383 35.3 11,698,128 11,086,660 5.5 2,894,251 2,867,938 0.9 234 240 –2.4**  Truck2
................................. 8,335,789 6,235,001 33.7 8,778,713 7,842,836 11.9 1,342,104 1,255,908 6.9 206 173 19.4

For-hire truck
........................ 4,955,700 3,757,114 31.9 4,075,136 3,657,333 11.4 1,055,646 959,610 10.0 599 523 14.6 Private truck
......................... 3,380,090 2,445,288 38.2 4,703,576 4,149,658 13.3 286,457 291,114 –1.6 57 64 –10.5 Rail
.................................. 436,420 310,884 40.4 1,861,307 1,873,884 –0.7 1,344,040 1,261,612 6.5 728 807 –9.9 Water
................................. 114,905 89,344 28.6 403,639 681,227 –40.7 157,314 282,659 –44.3 520 568 –8.5

Shallow draft
........................ 91,004 57,467 58.4 343,307 458,577 –25.1 117,473 211,501 –44.5 144 450 –67.9 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 843 (S) 17,792 38,041 –53.2 6,887 13,808 –50.1 657 339 93.9 Deep draft
.......................... 23,058 31,034 –25.7 42,540 184,610 –77.0 32,954 57,350 –42.5 923 664 38.9 Air (includes truck and air)
................. 252,276 264,959 –4.8 3,611 3,760 –4.0 4,510 5,835 –22.7 1,304 1,919 –32.0 Pipeline 3
............................... 399,646 149,195 (S) 650,859 684,953 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...................**  **1,866,723 1,079,185 73.0 573,729 216,686 164.8 416,642 225,715 84.6 975 895 8.9** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
........ 1,561,874 987,746 58.1 33,900 25,513 32.9 27,961 19,004 47.1 975 894 9.0 Truck and rail
........................... 187,248 69,929 167.8 225,589 42,984 424.8 196,772 45,525 332.2 1,007 1,413 –28.8 Truck and water
......................... 58,389 14,359 306.6 145,521 23,299 524.6 98,396 32,413 203.6 1,429 1,950 –26.7 Rail and water
.......................... 13,892 3,329 317.3 54,878 105,107 –47.8 47,111 114,986 –59.0 1,928 957 101.5 Other multiple modes
.................... 45,320 3,822 1,085.8 113,841 19,782 475.5 46,402 13,788 236.5 1,182 (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .........**  **279,113 268,642 3.9 271,567 364,573 –25.5 33,764 44,245 –23.7 116 130 –10.7** (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## 4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 2a. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation 1 Ton-miles 2 Average miles per shipment 2007 (millions) Percentage of total **Total ...............................................**  **3,344,663 100.0 610** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351,531 40.4 203 Rail
.......................................................... 1,549,557 46.3 852 Shallow draft
................................................... 208,611 6.2 217 Great Lakes
.................................................... 30,835 0.9 426 Deep draft
..................................................... 92,060 2.8 1,431 Air (includes truck and air)
......................................... 4,425 0.1 1,080 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
................................ 27,852 0.8 971 Other and unknown modes
........................................ 33,510 1.0 112 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Estimates represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For example, “Truck” ton-miles includes total ton-miles for shipments moving only by truck plus ton-miles for truck segments of multiple mode shipments. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information. 3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 4 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov /cfs>.



## Table 2b. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation 1 Ton-miles 2 Average miles per shipment 2007 (millions) 2002 (millions) Percentage change 2007 2002 Percentage change **Total ............................................**  **3,344,663 3,137,902 6.6 610 536 13.8** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,351,531 1,261,813 7.1 203 168 20.7 Rail
.................................................... 1,549,557 1,360,760 13.9 852 893 –4.6 Shallow draft
............................................. 208,611 258,386 –19.3 217 459 –52.8 Great Lakes
.............................................. 30,835 49,330 –37.5 426 354 20.4 Deep draft
............................................... 92,060 75,544 21.9 1,431 1,498 –4.5 Air (includes truck and air)
................................... 4,425 5,659 –21.8 1,080 1,866 –42.1 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......................... 27,852 19,004 46.6 971 894 8.7 Other and unknown modes
.................................. 33,510 44,253 –24.3 112 130 –13.7 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Estimates represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For example, “Truck” ton-miles include s total ton-miles for shipments moving only by truck plus ton-miles for truck segments of multiple mode shipments. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 4 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 5 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 2c. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation 1 Ton-miles 2 2007 2002 **Total ....................................................................**  **100.0 100.0** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.4 40.2 Rail
............................................................................ 46.3 43.4 Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 8.2 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.9 1.6 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.4 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.4 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Estimates represent activity for a given mode across single and multiple mode shipments. For example, “Truck” ton-miles includes total ton-miles for shipments moving only by truck plus ton-miles for truck segments of multiple mode shipments. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations” section for additional information. 3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 4 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov /cfs>.

## 6 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 3a. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value Tons Ton-miles 2 2007 (million dollars) Percentage of total 2007 (thousands) Percentage of total 2007 (millions) Percentage of total **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851,545 33.0 6,948 ,743 55.4 156,161 4.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074,137 9.2 1,255,189 10.0 122,646 3.7 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777,031 15.2 1,585,315 12.6 374,666 11.2 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606,034 13.7 1,064,455 8.5 529,308 15.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019,498 8.7 618,981 4.9 533,163 15.9 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,623 6.2 517,669 4.1 616,594 18.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730,366 6.3 397,272 3.2 624,921 18.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,992 4.2 95,511 0.8 207,175 6.2 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,646 3.5 60,290 0.5 180,023 5.4 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.



## Table 3b. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value Tons Ton-miles 2 2007 (million dollars) 2002 (million dollars) Percentage change 2007 (thousands) 2002 (thousands) Percentage change 2007 (millions) 2002 (millions) Percentage change **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7. 5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851,545 2,503,895 53.8 6,948,743 6,309,437 10.1 156,161 127,277 22.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074,137 757,601 41.8 1,25 5,189 1,183,817 6.0 122,646 111,297 10.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777,031 1,329,245 33.7 1,585, 315 1,480,571 7.1 374,666 329,721 13.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606,034 1,221,437 31.5 1,064, 455 1,082,136 –1.6 529,308 534,562 –1.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019,498 844,880 20.7 618, 981 604,036 2.5 533,163 504,193 5.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,623 548,768 31.3 517, 669 437,418 18.3 616,594 510,469 20.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730,366 501,419 45.7 397,27 2 419,584 –5.3 624,921 660,359 –5.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,992 353,663 40.0 95,51 1 99,991 –4.5 207,175 217,826 –4.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,646 336,302 22.1 60,2 90 50,929 18.4 180,023 142,193 26.6 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 7 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 3c. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value Tons Ton-miles 2 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.0 29.8 55.4 54.1 4.7 4.1 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 9.0 10.0 10.1 3.7 3.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 15.8 12.6 12.7 11.2 10.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 14.5 8.5 9.3 15.8 17.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 10.1 4.9 5.2 15.9 16.1 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.5 4.1 3.7 18.4 16.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.0 3.2 3.6 18.7 21.0 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 0.8 0.9 6.2 6.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 3.5 4.0 0.5 0.4 5.4 4.5 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## 8 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 4a. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Shipment weight Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percentage of total 2007 (thousands) Percentage of total 2007 (millions) Percentage of total **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619**  Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480,208 12.7 24,828 0.2 15,128 0.5 769 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,649 3.3 16, 630 0.1 6,675 0.2 406 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094,506 9.4 96,67 9 0.8 26,644 0.8 287 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,788 2.7 47,96 3 0.4 10,974 0.3 229 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,805 1.9 43,62 6 0.3 9,573 0.3 217 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,381,303 20.4 709,781 5.7 167,196 5.0 227 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,984,093 34.1 5,267,458 42.0 984,285 29.4 194 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685,084 5.9 2,340,485 18.7 212,678 6.4 89 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,133,436 9.7 3,995,975 31.9 1,911,504 57.2 595 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.



## Table 4b. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Shipment weight Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) 2002 (million dollars) Percentage change 2007 (thousands) 2002 (thousands) Percentage change 2007 (millions) 2002 (millions) Percentage change 2007 2002 Percentage change **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6 619 546 13.5** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,480,208 991,839 49.2 24,828 18,543 33.9 15,128 9,911 52.6 769 696 10.4 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,649 295,607 31.5 16,630 14,432 15.2 6,675 5,072 31.6 406 358 13.4 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,094,506 811,133 34.9 96,679 85,224 13.4 26,644 21,920 21.6 287 263 9.3 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,788 246,872 25.5 47,963 40,816 17.5 10,974 9,473 15.8 229 232 –1.1 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,805 182,832 24.6 43,626 35,892 21.5 9,573 7,799 22.8 217 216 0.6 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,381,303 1,781,947 33.6 709,781 614,243 15.6 167,196 154,986 7.9 227 245 –7.5 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . 3,984,093 3,075,335 29.5 5,267,458 4,453,871 18.3 984,285 882,900 11.5 194 202 –4.2 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . 685,084 390,050 75.6 2,340,485 2,129,556 9.9 212,678 189,129 12.5 89 87 1.9 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . 1,133,436 621,594 82.3 3,995,975 4,275,342 –6.5 1,911,504 1,856,708 3.0 595 477 24.8 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 9 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 4c. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Shipment weight Value Tons Ton-miles 1 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 0.0**  Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7 11.8 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 9.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 2.9 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.4 21.2 5.7 5.3 5.0 4.9 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 36.6 42.0 38.2 29.4 28.1 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.6 18.7 18.3 6.4 6.0 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 7.4 31.9 36.6 57.2 59.2 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## 10 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 5a. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100 .0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619**  01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ,833 0.1 6,150 (Z) 3,973 0.1 739 02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 0.7 514,151 4.1 203,446 6.1 139 03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143, 637 1.2 211,890 1.7 88,207 2.6 354 04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,472 0.8 246,436 2.0 76,188 2.3 499 05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,251 2.4 98, 413 0.8 48,549 1.5 247 06 Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 1.2 120,023 1.0 50,73 2 1.5 403 07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,757 4.1 468,435 3.7 171,452 5.1 268 08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 1.4 114,012 0.9 36 ,685 1.1 80 09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 0,551 0.6 3,289 (Z) 390 (Z) 407 10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 (Z ) 28,738 0.2 3,113 0.1 123 11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 0.1 460,085 3.7 41,125 1.2 56 12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,16 7 0.2 2,039,457 16.3 147,770 4.4 37 13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,7 27 0.1 272,264 2.2 52,096 1.6 223 14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 0 .3 76,672 0.6 39,319 1.2 504 15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 0.3 1,416,187 11.3 835,796 25.0 106 17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 5.7 959,161 7.6 68,647 2.1 43 18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 3.2 641,894 5.1 54,243 1.6 32 19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 2.3 578,188 4.6 127,190 3.8 111 20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 2.3 412,581 3.3 171,156 5.1 428 21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771, 252 6.6 19,076 0.2 8,134 0.2 635 22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 0.4 149,600 1.2 58,970 1.8 171 23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,750 2.8 123,5 37 1.0 58,477 1.7 638 24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 4.2 186,392 1.5 104,622 3.1 550 25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 0.1 1 07,869 0.9 11,164 0.3 110 26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 1.6 323,773 2.6 100,787 3.0 328 27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,857 1.1 145 ,380 1.2 82,098 2.5 297 28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,0 70 1.0 82,233 0.7 28,977 0.9 512 29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 1.6 51,435 0.4 22,363 0.7 579 30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 4.1 4 6,728 0.4 30,643 0.9 1,101 31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 1.7 1,156,790 9.2 115,289 3.4 447 32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 4.2 364,940 2.9 129,224 3.9 360 33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 88,292 3.3 131,924 1.1 52,343 1.6 561 34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 5.4 66,728 0.5 36,760 1.1 498 35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 9.0 47,528 0.4 31,645 0.9 815 36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,288 7.8 133,1 26 1.1 64,776 1.9 489 37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 1.5 6,815 0.1 4,471 0.1 908 38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 2.6 5, 668 (Z) 3,513 0.1 1,008 39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 52,286 1.3 26,633 0.2 15,024 0.4 766 40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 4.2 91,8 44 0.7 41,995 1.3 1,012 41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 0.7 305,878 2.4 67,023 2.0 152 43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 8.0 300,922 2.4 56,137 1.7 369 99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,45 3 (Z) (S) (Z) 145 (Z) 485 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 11 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 5b. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0**  01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – (Z) – 0 .1 – 02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.6 4.1 4.8 6.1 8.4 03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.5 1.7 2. 2 2.6 3.5 04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.3 06 Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.6 07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 5.1 5.1 08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 (Z ) – (Z) – 10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) – 0.2 0.2 0.1 – 11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 3 .7 4.1 1.2 1.0 12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 16.3 16 .0 4.4 3.4 13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 2.2 1. 6 1.6 1.8 14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 1. 2 2.0 15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 11.3 10.6 25.0 21.9 17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.3 7.6 9.1 2. 1 3.7 18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.4 5.1 4.7 1.6 1.8 19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.0 4.6 3.8 3.8 3. 0 20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1. 8 3.3 3.0 5.1 3.7 21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.7 0.2 0. 2 0.2 0.4 22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.3 1.8 2.8 23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.7 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.7 24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 1 .5 1.2 3.1 2.6 25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.9 (S) 0.3 0.2 26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.9 2 .6 3.0 3.0 3.8 27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5 28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 5.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.8 9.2 8.3 3. 4 4.3 32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.9 3.9 33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.8 1. 1 1.0 1.6 1.4 34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 10.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.9 37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.8 0.1 0.2 0. 1 0.3 38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.7 (Z) 0.2 0.1 0.1 39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.6 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.5 2 .4 1.9 2.0 1.5 43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 10.0 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.7 99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0. 2 (Z) 0.3 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Notes: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the I nternet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## 12 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 5c. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) 2002 (million dollars) Percentage change 2007(thousands) 2002(thousands) Percentage change 2007 (millions) 2002 (millions) Percentage change 2007 2002 Percentage change **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 8,397,210 39.2 12,543,425 11,667,919 7.5 3,344,658 3,137,898 6.6 619 546 13.5**  01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 7,410 (S) 6,150 6,118 (S) 3,973 1,586 150.5 739 530 39.4 02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 53,835 57.6 514,151 561,089 –8.4 203,446 264,239 –23 .0 139 138 0.9 03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 129,471 10.9 211,890 259,178 –18.2 88,207 109,362 –19.3 354 4 81 –26.4 04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . 90,472 52,142 73.5 246,436 227,991 8.1 76,188 51,158 48.9 499 167 198.9 05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . 277,251 201,304 37.7 98,413 84,506 16.5 48,549 41,352 17.4 247 162 52.7 06 Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 113,379 26.2 120,023 109,311 9.8 50,732 49,001 3.5 403 189 113.5 07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . 479,757 355,561 34.9 468,435 448,924 4.3 171,452 161,565 6.1 268 179 49.5 08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 108,991 45.3 114,012 89,434 27.5 36,685 25,735 42.6 80 55 45.8 09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 69,868 (S) 3,289 4,370 (S) 390 983 –60.4 407 334 21.9 10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 3,039 (S) 28,738 22,451 (S) 3,113 1,571 98.1 123 170 –27.5 11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 3,644 82.9 460,085 472,975 –2.7 41,125 29,990 37.1 56 45 2 3.4 12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 12,850 64.7 2,039,457 1,866,487 9.3 147,770 105,826 39.6 37 30 2 4.6 13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 10,066 66.2 272,264 184,632 47.5 52,096 56,630 –8.0 223 185 20. 5 14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 14,027 134.6 76,672 98,267 –22.0 39,319 63,028 –37.6 504 474 6.3 15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 22,875 67.1 1,416,187 1,239,862 14.2 835,796 6 86,279 21.8 106 120 –11.9 17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 279,407 137.4 959,161 1,063,569 –9.8 68,647 117,219 –41.4 43 52 – 16.5 18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 116,119 (S) 641,894 549,007 (S) 54,243 55,464 –2.2 32 32 –0.2 19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 82,130 226.5 578,188 447,975 29.1 127,190 93,001 36.8 111 102 8.8 20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 153,656 76.7 412,581 347,670 18.7 171,156 115,961 47. 6 428 417 2.7 21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 479,117 61.0 19,076 24,270 –21.4 8,134 11,337 –28.3 635 693 –8 .4 22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 34,049 28.1 149,600 264,319 (S) 58,970 87,605 –3 2.7 171 157 8.8 23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . 331,750 226,598 46.4 123,537 105,962 16.6 58,477 53,657 9.0 638 385 65.7 24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 325,673 50.3 186,392 139,973 33.2 104,622 80,827 29.4 55 0 424 29.8 25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 5,756 23.1 107,869 (S) (S) 11,164 7,790 43.3 110 (S) (S) 26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 158,586 15.9 323,773 345,940 –6.4 100,787 120,151 –16.1 328 242 35.3 27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . 126,857 102,495 23.8 145,380 137,053 6.1 82,098 78,160 5.0 297 206 44.1 28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 103,713 13.8 82,233 69,211 18.8 28,977 23,360 24.0 512 282 81.5 29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 134,452 41.6 51,435 34,015 51.2 22,363 17,037 31.3 579 8 16 –29.1 30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 466,429 1.5 46,728 51,232 –8.8 30,643 31,787 –3.6 1,101 940 17.1 31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 149,951 31.4 1,156,790 967,978 19.5 115,289 135,937 –15.2 447 35 7 25.3 32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 259,834 88.0 364,940 328,053 11.2 129,224 121,330 6.5 360 270 33.4 33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292 234,571 65.5 131,924 116,447 13.3 52,343 42,680 22.6 561 3 92 43.2 34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 484,152 29.8 66,728 63,390 5.3 36,760 34,535 6.4 498 377 32.0 35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 890,803 17.5 47,528 49,592 –4.2 31,645 30,269 4.5 815 713 14.3 36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . 907,288 748,550 21.2 133,126 133,088 – 64,776 59,029 9.7 489 395 23.8 37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 155,013 12.2 6,815 18,352 –62.9 4,471 10,649 –58.0 908 1,074 –15. 5 38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 225,070 35.3 5,668 18,352 –69.1 3,513 3,912 –10.2 1,008 922 9.3 39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . 152,286 139,727 9.0 26,633 32,546 –18.2 15,024 13,705 9.6 766 515 48.7 40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 387,426 26.6 91,844 79,208 16.0 41,995 34,467 21.8 1,012 995 1.7 41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 37,896 117.0 305,878 217,234 40.8 67,023 48,009 39.6 152 1 66 –8.5 43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 840,346 10.9 300,922 299,926 0.3 56,137 52,823 6.3 3 69 329 12.3 99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 17,229 –91.6 (S) 24,266 (S) 145 8,889 –98.4 485 485 0.1 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Notes: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sampling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on the I nternet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 13 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles

per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,543,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619**  010 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 0.1 6,150 (Z) 3,973 0.1 739 021 Wheat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,884 0.2 135,053 1.1 59,854 1.8 241 022 Corn, except sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,362 0.4 330,089 2.6 126,146 3.8 91 029 Other cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,605 0.1 49,009 0.4 17,446 0.5 210 031 Fresh or chilled potatoes (Irish potatoes), except sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,828 0.1 9,980 0.1 6,189 0.2 108 032 Fresh or chilled edible vegetables, except potatoes (Irish potatoes), and dried vegetables . . . . . . . 38,943 0.3 30,326 0.2 1 6,304 0.5 142 033 Fresh, chilled, or dried edible fruit and nuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,795 0.3 20,540 0.2 12,657 0.4 160 034 Soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,988 0.3 108,436 0.9 39,292 1.2 161 035 Oil seeds and nuts, except olives and soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 (Z) 6,478 0.1 2,405 0.1 256 036 Bulb, live plants, and seeds for sowing, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,539 0.1 7,699 0.1 4,150 0.1 832 039 Fresh-cut flowers, plants, and parts of plants, and other agricultural products, except forage products and cereal straw or husks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 18,272 0.2 28,432 0.2 7,210 0.2 206 041 Cereal straw or husks, forage products, residues and waste from the food industries used in animal feeding, and eggs and other products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,306 0.3 102,979 0.8 40,945 1.2 243 042 Animal feed preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,167 0.5 143,457 1.1 35,242 1.1 552 051 Meat including poultry, except preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234,949 2.0 88,819 0.7 43,154 1.3 257 052 Fish, except live, and seafood, except preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,913 0.3 7,736 0.1 4,180 0.1 218 053 Preparations, extracts, and juices of meat, fish, or seafood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 389 (Z) 1,857 (Z) 1,215 (Z) 315 061 Wheat flour, groats, and meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,721 0.1 32,063 0.3 8,813 0.3 168 062 Malt, starches, insulin, wheat gluten, and milled or otherwise worked grains, except wheat flour, groats, and meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 11,860 0.1 22,018 0.2 12,794 0.4 984 063 Food preparations of cereals, flour, starch, or milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,196 0.3 25,085 0.2 12,785 0.4 701 064 Bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,362 0.7 40,858 0.3 16,340 0.5 330 071 Dairy products, except chocolate milk, eggnog, and food preparations of milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119,682 1.0 81, 701 0.7 23,757 0.7 107 072 Processed or prepared vegetables, fruit, or nuts, except dried or milled, and juices. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,438 0.8 61,96 5 0.5 43,443 1.3 148 073 Coffee, tea, and spices, except unprocessed coffee and unfermented tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,735 0.2 5,13 6 (Z) 2,739 0.1 520 074 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products, prepared edible fats, animal or vegetable waxes, and flours and meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 33,644 0.3 55,812 0.4 25,181 0.8 377 075 Cane, beet, and other sugars in solid form, sugar syrups not containing added flavoring or coloring matter, and molasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 13,899 0.1 35,535 0.3 16,616 0.5 251 076 Confectionery, cocoa, and cocoa preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,695 0.2 8,147 0.1 5,335 0.2 1,119 077 Edible preparations, n.e.c. and vinegar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,063 0.6 39,054 0.3 23,797 0.7 732 078 Nonalcoholic beverages, n.e.c. and ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,600 0.9 181,085 1.4 30,585 0.9 67 081 Malt beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,310 0.7 81,129 0.6 16,802 0.5 34 082 Wine and other fermented beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,283 0.3 13,091 0.1 6,873 0.2 179 083 Spirituous beverages and ethyl alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,729 0.3 19,791 0.2 13,010 0.4 92 090 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 0.6 3,289 (Z) 390 (Z) 407 100 Monumental or building stone, except dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 (Z) 28,738 0.2 3,113 0.1 123 110 Natural sands, except metal-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 0.1 460,085 3.7 41,125 1.2 56 120 Gravel and crushed stone, except dolomite and slate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 0.2 2,039,457 16.3 147,770 4.4 37 131 Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,565 (Z) 54,553 0.4 20,382 0.6 381 132 Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminum-calcium phosphates, and phosphatic chalk . . . . . . 868 (Z) 16,563 0.1 1,026 (Z) 233 133 Dolomite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969 (Z) 111,138 0.9 4,704 0.1 24 139 Other nonmetallic minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,324 0.1 90,009 0.7 25,983 0.8 300 141 Iron ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,774 (Z) 66,322 0.5 29,905 0.9 138 149 Other metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,136 0.2 10,350 0.1 9,414 0.3 577 151 Nonagglomerated bituminous coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,872 0.3 1,300,861 10.4 832,520 24.9 108 159 Other coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,356 (Z) 115,326 0.9 3,276 0.1 87 171 Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615,229 5.3 883,224 7.0 61,355 1.8 43 172 Aviation turbine fuel (types A and B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,966 0.4 75,937 0.6 7,293 0.2 99 180 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 3.2 641,894 5.1 54,243 1.6 32 191 Lubricating oils and greases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,191 0.8 60,939 0.5 24,293 0.7 225 192 Refined petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,648 0.4 73 ,539 0.6 30,652 0.9 86 193 Gaseous hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,791 0.7 113,850 0.9 21,531 0.6 33 199 Other products of petroleum refining, and coal products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,533 0.5 329,862 2.6 50,713 1.5 100

See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 6. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 14 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles

per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent 201 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,988 0.1 25,408 0 .2 10,901 0.3 167 202 Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,908 0.7 229,673 1.8 88,089 2.6 168 203 Cyclic hydrocarbons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,212 0.2 22,975 0.2 6,392 0.2 754 204 Phenols, phenol-alcohols, aldehydes, cyclic polymers of aldehydes, paraformaldehyde, ketones, quinones, organic acids, and acyclic alcohols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 31,844 0.3 29,373 0.2 14,195 0.4 423 205 Organic chemicals, n.e.c.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,517 1.1 105,152 0.8 51,579 1.5 756 210 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 6.6 19,076 0.2 8,134 0.2 635 220 Fertilizers and fertilizer materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 0.4 149,600 1.2 58,970 1.8 171 231 Paints and varnishes, tanning or dyeing extracts, tannins and their derivatives, dyes, putty and other mastics, inks, and coloring matter, except pigments and synthetic organic dyes, lakes, and toners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,782 0.5 20,578 0.2 10,497 0.3 839 232 Essential oils and resinoids, and perfumery, cosmetic, or toilet preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,263 0.9 14,160 0.1 9,193 0.3 756 233 Soap, organic surface-active agents, cleaning preparations, polishes and creams, and scouring preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 63,653 0.5 40,896 0.3 19,125 0.6 360 234 Photographic film, plates, paper, paperboard, or textiles, and chemical preparations for photographic use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 18,602 0.2 1,821 (Z) 1,291 (Z) 404 235 Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, antisprouting products, plant-growth regulators, disinfectants, and similar products, in packages for retail sale or as preparations or articles . . . . . 30,055 0.3 9,778 0.1 3,626 0.1 254 239 Other chemical products and preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,395 0.5 36,304 0.3 14,745 0.4 470 241 Plastics in primary forms, rubber in primary forms or sheets, and unvulcanized compounded rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 122,270 1.0 79,626 0.6 51,457 1.5 600 242 Manmade fibers and plastics basic shapes and articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 ,587 2.2 82,469 0.7 40,919 1.2 654 243 Rubber articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,578 0.9 24,297 0.2 12,247 0.4 367 250 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 0.1 107,869 0.9 11,164 0.3 110 261 Wood chips or particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,859 (Z) 66,612 0.5 5,810 0.2 73 262 Lumber, wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or faces, and shingles and shakes . . . . 83,765 0.7 155,769 1.2 58,538 1 .8 287 263 Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood, particle board, fiberboard, plywood, veneered panels, and similar boards of ligneous material or laminated wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,970 0.4 58,145 0.5 26,378 0.8 294 264 Builders joinery and carpentry of wood, except shingles and shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,857 0.3 13,142 0.1 3,826 0.1 283 269 Other wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,418 0.2 30,106 0.2 6,235 0.2 540 271 Pulp of fibrous cellulosic materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,842 0.1 14,249 0.1 7,629 0.2 586 272 Newsprint in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,152 (Z) 6,618 0.1 4,098 0.1 358 273 Uncoated paper and paperboard in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 871 0.6 81,447 0.6 46,772 1.4 258 274 Coated, impregnated, treated, or worked paper and paperboard, in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . 47,993 0.4 43,066 0.3 23, 598 0.7 353 280 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 1.0 82,233 0.7 28,977 0.9 512 291 Printed books, brochures, leaflets, and similar printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,6 09 0.7 11,618 0.1 7,003 0.2 1,047 292 Newspapers, journals, and periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,831 0.2 15,338 0.1 2,594 0.1 78 293 Advertising material, commercial or trade catalogues, and similar printed products. . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,826 0.3 15,664 0 .1 7,888 0.2 831 299 Other printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,123 0.4 8,816 0.1 4,879 0.1 757 301 Textile fibers, yarns, and broadwoven or knitted fabrics, except coated or treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,837 0.5 10,95 4 0.1 5,131 0.2 987 302 Textile clothing and accessories, and headgear, except safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262, 867 2.2 12,452 0.1 11,195 0.3 1,099 303 Textiles and textile articles, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,757 0.8 20,627 0.2 11,442 0.3 933 304 Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,234 0.3 1,706 (Z) 1,753 0.1 1,363 305 Leather and articles, luggage of related materials, and dressed furskins and articles . . . . . . . . . . . 17,916 0.2 990 (Z) 1 ,123 (Z) 1,289 311 Hydraulic cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,296 0.2 204,141 1.6 24,995 0.7 80 312 Ceramic products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,345 0.3 30,987 0.2 10,931 0.3 738 313 Glass and glass products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,203 0.4 36,299 0.3 14,806 0.4 711 319 Other nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,149 0.8 885,363 7.1 64,556 1.9 79 321 Iron and steel in primary forms, in semifinished forms, or in powders or granules, and ferroalloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 45,266 0.4 37,698 0.3 11,955 0.4 442 322 Flat-rolled products of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171,961 1.5 185,342 1.5 60,375 1.8 219 323 Bars, rods, angles, shapes, sections, and wire, of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 02,126 0.9 103,111 0.8 33,986 1.0 366 324 Nonferrous metal, except precious, in unwrought forms, in finished basic shapes, or in powders or granules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 169,057 1.4 38,789 0.3 22,908 0.7 458 331 Pipes, tubes, and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,274 1.0 58,733 0.5 23,424 0.7 305

See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 6. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 15 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles

per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent 332 Structures and parts, except prefabricated buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,291 0.7 30,351 0.2 11,741 0.4 426 333 Handtools, cutlery, except of precious metals, interchangeable tools for hand- or machine-tools, hardware, and industrial fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 95,327 0.8 12,824 0.1 5,909 0.2 639 339 Other articles of metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,400 0.7 30,015 0.2 11,269 0.3 750 341 Internal-combustion piston engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,445 0.9 9,757 0.1 5,235 0.2 405 342 Turbines, boilers, nuclear reactors, and nonelectric engines and motors, except internal combustion piston engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 46,246 0.4 1,200 (Z) 771 (Z) 662 343 Pumps, compressors, and fans, and ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan . . . . . . . . . . 62,546 0.5 4,777 (Z) 3, 064 0.1 585 344 Air-conditioning, refrigerating, or freezing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,508 0.5 7,692 0.1 4,169 0.1 272 345 Materials-handling, excavating, boring, and related machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91,191 0.8 17,403 0 .1 10,404 0.3 410 349 Other machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,331 2.3 25,898 0.2 13,116 0.4 563 351 Electric motors, generators, generating sets, rotary converters, transformers, static converters, and inductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 47,906 0.4 5,470 (Z) 3,116 0.1 597 352 Electric cooking appliances and other electrothermic or electromechanical domestic appliances . . 25,312 0.2 3,008 (Z) 2,356 0.1 1 ,027 353 Line telephone or telegraph apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,755 0.3 389 (Z) 312 (Z) 699 354 Electronic entertainment products, except parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,483 0.9 5,014 (Z) 5,056 0.2 1,136 355 Computer and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227,615 1.9 3,900 (Z) 3,456 0.1 1,000 356 Prepared unrecorded or prerecorded media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,714 0.5 1,487 (Z) 1,769 0.1 1,135 357 Transmission apparatus for radio or television broadcasting, radio transmission and reception apparatus, radar apparatus, radio navigational-aid apparatus, and radio remote-control apparatus, except radio broadcast receivers and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,903 0.5 529 (Z) 534 (Z) 978 358 Electronic components and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,919 1.6 1,121 (Z) 872 (Z) 1,131 359 Other electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307,888 2.6 26,611 0.2 14,175 0.4 494 361 Motor vehicles for the transport of less than 10 people, except motorcycles, armored fighting vehicles, snowmobiles, golf carts and similar vehicles, and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300,027 2.6 31,864 0.3 17,950 0.5 446 362 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and road tractors for semitrailers, except parts . . . . . . . . 50,305 0.4 7,735 0.1 3,922 0.1 397 363 Other vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,244 1.2 20,485 0.2 11,832 0.4 725 364 Parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except motorcycles and armored fighting vehicles . . . . . 418,712 3.6 73,042 0.6 31,07 2 0.9 455 371 Locomotives and rolling stock, railway track fixtures and fittings, mechanical or electromechanical traffic-signalling equipment, and intermodal containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,157 0.1 4,602 (Z) 2,704 0.1 734 372 Aircraft and spacecraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,337 1.2 982 (Z) 674 (Z) 931 373 Ships, boats, and floating structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,388 0.1 1,230 (Z) 1,094 (Z) 790 381 Optical elements, instruments, and apparatus, except photographic and photocopying equipment and optical instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,878 0.3 320 (Z) 225 (Z) 996 382 Photographic and photocopying machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,349 0.3 587 (Z) 286 (Z) 947 383 Surveying,hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, geophysical, drawing, or length-measuring instruments and appliances, and navigational and meteorological instruments and appliances, except radar and other radio-type apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 10,465 0.1 66 (Z) 59 (Z) 1,105 384 Instruments, apparatus, and appliances for medical, surgical, dental, or veterinary sciences, or for similar purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 158,352 1.4 3,084 (Z) 1,713 0.1 1,061 385 Meters and other instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking, testing, or controlling . . . . . 74,577 0.6 1,610 (Z) 1,231 (Z) 880 390 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . 152,286 1.3 26,633 0.2 1 5,024 0.4 766 401 Arms and ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,714 0.2 688 (Z) 546 (Z) 1,033 402 Toys, games, and sporting equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,695 0.6 7,875 0.1 6,372 0.2 1,196 409 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403,896 3.5 83,281 0.7 35,078 1.0 946 411 Metallic waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,639 0.6 186,551 1.5 31,232 0.9 110 412 Nonmetallic waste and scrap, except from food processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,60 4 0.1 119,327 1.0 35,791 1.1 212 439 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 8.0 300,922 2.4 56,137 1.7 369 999 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 (Z) 583 (Z) 145 (Z) 485 (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 6. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 16 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **All Commodities Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 100.0 12,5**  **43,425 100.0 3,344,658 100.0 619 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,539,037 81**  **.6 11,698,128 93.3 2,894,251 86.5 234** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,335,789 71.3 8,778,713 70.0 1,342,104 40.1 206

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ,955,700 42.4 4,075,136 32.5 1,055,646 31.6 599 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,380,090 28.9 4,703,576 37.5 286,457 8.6 57 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436,420 3.7 1,861,307 14.8 1,344,040 40.2 728 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,905 1.0 403,639 3.2 157,314 4.7 520

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ,004 0.8 343,307 2.7 117,473 3.5 144 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) 17,792 0.1 6,887 0.2 657 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3,058 0.2 42,540 0.3 32,954 1.0 923 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 52,276 2.2 3,611 (Z) 4,510 0.1 1,304 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 9,646 3.4 650,859 5.2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,866,723 16 .0 573,729 4.6 416,642 12.5 975**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,561,874 13.4 33,900 0.3 27,961 0.8 975 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187,248 1.6 225,589 1.8 196,772 5.9 1,007 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,389 0.5 145,521 1.2 98,396 2.9 1,429 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,892 0.1 54,878 0.4 47,111 1.4 1,928 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 320 0.4 113,841 0.9 46,402 1.4 1,182 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279,113 2.4 271,567 2.2 33, 764 1.0 116**  **SCTG 01, Live Animals and Live Fish Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 100.0 6**  **,150 100.0 3,973 100.0 739 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,602 97.9**  **6,075 98.8 3,956 99.6 315** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,379 95.8 6,053 98.4 3,928 98.9 236

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ,902 72.9 4,537 73.8 3,625 91.3 708 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477 22.9 1,517 24.7 303 7.6 (S) Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,463 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 9 0.2 1 1 0.3 1,152**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 9 0. 2 11 0.3 1,152 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –– – – – – – Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,538** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 17 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 02, Cereal Grains Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 100.0 514,151 1**  **00.0 203,446 100.0 139 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,017 89.6 4**  **66,087 90.7 181,103 89.0 129** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,994 43.6 234,029 45.5 17,532 8.6 84

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9,627 23.1 123,027 23.9 11,642 5.7 106 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,367 20.5 111,001 21.6 5,889 2.9 64 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,576 32.5 161,447 31.4 115,354 56.7 800 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,168 13.2 69,583 13.5 48,215 23.7 1,008

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ,238 12.1 64,190 12.5 47,803 23.5 1,022 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 90 1.0 5,112 1.0 (S) (S) 26 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,482 6.5 32, 002 6.2 21,885 10.8 1,007**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) 3 (Z) ( S) (S) 834 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,145 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 920 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,744 2.1 11,937 2.3 (S) (S) 784 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,8 85 2.2 10,618 2.1 8,109 4.0 884 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 101 SCTG 03, Other Agricultural Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 100.0 211,890 100.0 88,207 100.0 354**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,762 91.0 189,600 89.5 72,147 81.8 216**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,832 82.7 154,135 72.7 44,436 50.4 207

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0,287 42.0 74,922 35.4 38,262 43.4 966 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,545 40.8 79,213 37.4 6,173 7.0 103 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,530 3.9 16,029 7.6 13,954 15.8 998 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,589 3.9 19,303 9.1 13,494 15.3 1,024

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 662 3.2 16,660 7.9 13,118 14.9 991 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,050 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 11 0.6 (S) (S) (S) (S) 972 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,668 6.7 17, 140 8.1 15,458 17.5 982**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,842 2.0 9 8 (Z) 96 0.1 982 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761 3.3 11,147 5.3 9,711 11.0 920 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,400 1.0 4,162 2.0 4,196 4.8 1,732 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,731 0.8 1,451 1.6 (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,207 2.2 5,149 2.4 602 0.7 ( S)**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 18 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 04, Animal Feed and Products of Animal Origin, n.e.c. Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,472 100.0 246,436 1**  **00.0 76,188 100.0 499 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,470 87.8 2**  **27,721 92.4 57,461 75.4 144** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,408 82.2 203,977 82.8 36,450 47.8 136

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6,340 40.2 92,051 37.4 25,784 33.8 298 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,068 42.1 111,926 45.4 10,666 14.0 81 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,941 5.5 23,157 9.4 20,787 27.3 884 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 224 0.3 2,241

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ( Z) 136 0.1 125 0.2 919 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,304 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,167 10.1 15 ,498 6.3 18,102 23.8 1,006**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 1.1 147 0.1 112 0.1 998 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,143 7.9 10,756 4.4 14,354 18.8 1,461 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,575 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 ( Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836 2.0 3,217 1.3 625 0.8 7 7**  **SCTG 05, Meat, Fish, Seafood, and Their Preparations Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,251 100.0 98,413 1**  **00.0 48,549 100.0 247 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,162 97.4**  **95,705 97.2 42,427 87.4 140** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,892 96.3 94,294 95.8 40,274 83.0 128

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 48,414 53.5 53,076 53.9 33,939 69.9 581 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,478 42.7 41,218 41.9 6,335 13.0 66 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,257 0.5 963 1.0 1,573 3.2 980 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 0.3 330 0.3 368 0.8 952

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 (Z) 10 (Z) (S) (S) 50 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 82 0.3 320 0.3 368 0.8 977 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,086 0.4 117 0.1 212 0.4 1,799 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,405 1.6 1,8 02 1.8 (S) (S) 1,021**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203 0.4 1 06 0.1 89 0.2 1,029 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,185 0.4 453 0.5 690 1.4 (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,972 0.7 1,222 1.2 (S) (S) 1,621 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 ( Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,134 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,684 1.0 906 0.9 245 0.5 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 19 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 06, Milled Grain Products and Preparations and Bakery Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 100.0 120,023**  **100.0 50,732 100.0 403 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,016 93.6**  **112,296 93.6 44,445 87.6 104** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129,757 90.7 102,359 85.3 35,356 69.7 103

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 9,506 48.6 58,299 48.6 28,495 56.2 497 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,252 42.1 44,059 36.7 6,861 13.5 63 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,987 2.8 9,335 7.8 9,007 17.8 1,065 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 6 0.1 (S) (S) 4 (Z) 15 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,504 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (Z) 134 0.1 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,946 4.9 5,0 64 4.2 5,541 10.9 1,151**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,510 2.5 2 52 0.2 281 0.6 1,151 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 2.2 4,462 3.7 4,863 9.6 1,359 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 0.2 267 0.2 376 0.7 949 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) 5 (Z) 13 (Z) 2,711 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 ( Z) 77 0.1 9 (Z) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176 1.5 2,662 2.2 746 1.5 ( S)**  **SCTG 07, Other Prepared Foodstuffs and Fats and Oils Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,757 100.0 468,435**  **100.0 171,452 100.0 268 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458,575 95.6**  **450,292 96.1 154,433 90.1 100** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444,950 92.7 421,065 89.9 123,475 72.0 95

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 38,928 49.8 208,164 44.4 103,778 60.5 518 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206,022 42.9 212,901 45.4 19,697 11.5 47 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,203 2.5 26,597 5.7 30,190 17.6 1,092 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804 0.2 2,461 0.5 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 8 0.1 2,380 0.5 (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 06 (Z) 82 (Z) 148 0.1 (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 43 0.1 46 (Z) 81 (Z) 1,706 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,044 3.1 11 ,730 2.5 15,085 8.8 1,132**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,171 1.3 4 08 0.1 324 0.2 1,129 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,376 1.5 10,053 2.1 12,484 7.3 1,452 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,433 0.3 1,232 0.3 2,115 1.2 1,716 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 6,136 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 ( Z) 25 (Z) 81 (Z) 3,254 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,137 1.3 6,413 1.4 1,935 1. 1 114**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 20 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 08, Alcoholic Beverages Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 100.0 114,012**  **100.0 36,685 100.0 80 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,817 95.3**  **109,559 96.1 29,518 80.5 51** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144,662 91.4 101,686 89.2 19,711 53.7 49

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3,589 27.5 36,245 31.8 15,692 42.8 338 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,073 63.8 65,441 57.4 4,019 11.0 34 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,003 3.2 6,856 6.0 8,651 23.6 1,015 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,004 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,374 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,405 4.0 3,8 76 3.4 6,829 18.6 1,212**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 0.4 55 ( Z) 49 0.1 1,190 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,463 3.5 3,637 3.2 6,110 16.7 1,615 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 0.2 174 0.2 653 1.8 1,888 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z ) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,101 0.7 577 0.5 339 0.9 (S) SCTG 09, Tobacco Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 100.0 3,289 100 .0 390 100.0 407**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,078 96.5 3 ,239 98.5 356 91.4 104**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,967 96.3 3,237 98.4 354 90.9 103

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5,522 22.0 903 27.5 265 68.1 618 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,445 74.3 2,334 71.0 89 22.8 61 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,173 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,280 3.2 44 1 .3 33 8.4 771**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,260 3.2 4 3 1.3 31 8.1 771 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 0.3 6 0.2 1 0.1 75** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 21 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 10, Monumental or Building Stone Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 100.0 28,738 100**  **.0 3,113 100.0 123 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,963 95.4 27**  **,579 96.0 2,965 95.3 104** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,956 95.3 27,528 95.8 2,942 94.5 104

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,804 34.7 13,441 46.8 2,175 69.9 203 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,151 60.6 14,086 49.0 768 24.7 54 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 351 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 0.9 64 0.2 7 2 2.3 493**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 0.5 2 (Z) (S) (S) 463 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0.2 55 0.2 66 2.1 1,488 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,094 3.8 (S) (S) (S) SCTG 11, Natural Sands**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 100.0 460,085 10 0.0 41,125 100.0 56**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,046 90.7 42 6,952 92.8 27,585 67.1 49**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,530 83.0 408,080 88.7 18,769 45.6 44

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ,542 38.1 161,393 35.1 10,999 26.7 70 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,988 44.8 246,688 53.6 7,770 18.9 29 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 7.4 15,155 3.3 8,602 20.9 533 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 0.3 3,674 0.8 181 0.4 61

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 0.2 3,661 0.8 178 0.4 32 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,370 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 7.2 18,01 3 3.9 11,345 27.6 714**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0.2 2 (Z) 1 (Z) 536 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 6.3 11,509 2.5 (S) (S) 829 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 0.4 4,747 1.0 910 2.2 143 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 2.1 15,121 3.3 (S) (S) 71** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 22 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 12, Gravel and Crushed Stone Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 100.0 2,039,45**  **7 100.0 147,770 100.0 37 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,160 95.2 1**  **,934,518 94.9 119,519 80.9 36** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,079 90.1 1,806,924 88.6 80,604 54.5 34

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 ,495 44.9 840,050 41.2 51,587 34.9 43 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,584 45.3 966,874 47.4 29,017 19.6 27 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849 4.0 81,795 4.0 23,411 15.8 264 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 1.1 45,798 2.2 15,504 10.5 239

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 0 0.8 32,159 1.6 10,752 7.3 310 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 0.3 13,217 0.6 4,690 3.2 321 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) 422 (Z) 62 (Z) 146 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 3.1 73,55 6 3.6 26,888 18.2 251**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388 1.8 32,402 1.6 8,680 5.9 244 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 0.9 31,282 1.5 15,382 10.4 221 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,825 1.9 440 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 1.7 31,384 1.5 1,362 0.9 48**  **SCTG 13, Nonmetallic Minerals, n.e.c. Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 100.0 272,264 1**  **00.0 52,096 100.0 223 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,165 90.7 2**  **55,008 93.7 44,082 84.6 128** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,241 79.2 201,385 74.0 24,251 46.6 117

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ,370 50.0 95,355 35.0 18,984 36.4 229 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,871 29.1 106,030 38.9 5,267 10.1 46 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,571 9.4 30,637 11.3 14,063 27.0 711 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 1.6 16,047 5.9 5,602 10.8 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 0 1.5 14,503 5.3 5,246 10.1 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S ) (S) 1,535 0.6 (S) (S) 222 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,368 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 733 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 0.5 6,784 2.5 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,337 8.0 12, 025 4.4 7,558 14.5 1,175**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 2.1 12 ( Z) 12 (Z) 1,202 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 2.9 8,629 3.2 5,712 11.0 849 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 650 1.2 1,220 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,803 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 0 .3 2,610 1.0 1,032 2.0 1,432 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 1.3 (S) (S) 456 0.9 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 23 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 14, Metallic Ores and Concentrates Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 100.0 76,672 10**  **0.0 39,319 100.0 504 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,806 84.5 5**  **2,761 68.8 18,669 47.5 305** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,287 64.7 6,372 8.3 1,830 4.7 300

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7,839 54.2 4,736 6.2 1,572 4.0 547 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,448 10.5 1,635 2.1 259 0.7 61 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,230 15.9 44,861 58.5 11,349 28.9 448 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,264 3.8 (S) (S) 5,489 14.0 1,806

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ,264 3.8 (S) (S) 5,489 14.0 1,806 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( S) (S) 1 (Z) (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,631 11.0 23 ,831 31.1 20,541 52.2 851**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 1.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) 846 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,147 6.5 5,283 6.9 1,089 2.8 1,070 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761 2.3 15,915 20.8 17,226 43.8 1,102 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) SCTG 15, Coal**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 100.0 1,416,18 7 100.0 835,796 100.0 106**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,787 91.0 1 ,276,735 90.2 793,840 95.0 74**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,179 18.8 217,602 15.4 14,002 1.7 61

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ,615 14.7 154,215 10.9 11,475 1.4 63 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,564 4.1 63,387 4.5 2,527 0.3 48 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,907 67.8 1,015,209 71.7 773,290 92.5 428 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,701 4.4 43,925 3.1 6,548 0.8 145

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 701 4.4 43,925 3.1 6,548 0.8 145 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,832 4.8 52, 352 3.7 39,389 4.7 340**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 0.4 4,024 0.3 785 0.1 (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 1.9 19,612 1.4 7,257 0.9 371 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 1.9 24,171 1.7 26,994 3.2 (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 0.5 4,544 0.3 4,353 0.5 901 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,609 4.2 87,100 6.2 (S) (S) 71**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 24 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 17, Gasoline and Aviation Turbine Fuel Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194**  **100.0 959,161 100.0 68,647 100.0 43 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646**  **,529 97.5 931,216 97.1 58,139 84.7 42** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395,296 59.6 546,768 57.0 24,326 35.4 41

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,898 26.2 243,825 25.4 11,866 17.3 51 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,398 33.4 302,943 31.6 12,460 18.2 35 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,545 0.7 6,661 0.7 (S) (S) 231 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,280 2.6 28,669 3.0 6,673 9.7 606

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,450 1.9 20,065 2.1 1,396 2.0 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,830 0.7 8,604 0.9 5,277 7.7 785 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 423 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,253 34.6 348,972 36.4 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 ,666 2.4 26,646 2.8 10,414 15.2 216**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 0.1 510 0.1 163 0.2 210 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,687 1.0 10,382 1.1 5,407 7.9 (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,537 1.3 15,582 1.6 4,645 6.8 (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999 0.2 1,299 0.1 94 0.1 52**  **SCTG 18, Fuel Oils Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515**  **100.0 641,894 100.0 54,243 100.0 32 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347**  **,270 93.0 593,893 92.5 43,410 80.0 30** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,251 55.5 335,808 52.3 20,313 37.4 27

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,392 19.1 117,422 18.3 9,583 17.7 72 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,859 36.4 218,386 34.0 10,730 19.8 23 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,466 0.7 4,198 0.7 1,674 3.1 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,795 9.6 76,268 11.9 11,207 20.7 352

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,106 8.3 66,106 10.3 3,306 6.1 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,151 1.1 8,945 1.4 7,015 12.9 890 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 484 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,553 27.2 177,436 27.6 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ,890 6.4 44,349 6.9 10,480 19.3 314**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1 (Z) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 860 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,080 4.0 25,265 3.9 5,948 11.0 235 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 (Z) 48 (Z) 12 (Z) 323 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,756 2.1 17,622 2.7 3,096 5.7 163 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,355 0.6 3,652 0.6 352 0.6 100**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 25 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 19, Coal and Petroleum Products, n.e.c. Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163**  **100.0 578,188 100.0 127,190 100.0 111 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242**  **,716 90.5 523,577 90.6 110,526 86.9 66** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,397 56.1 340,058 58.8 33,932 26.7 61

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,619 21.5 181,197 31.3 22,924 18.0 213 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,778 34.6 158,861 27.5 11,008 8.7 39 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,382 13.9 73,638 12.7 52,611 41.4 731 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,954 5.2 45,209 7.8 18,628 14.6 466

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,354 4.2 41,307 7.1 (S) (S) 141 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 3,902 0.7 (S) (S) 1,138 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 919 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,949 15.3 64,669 11.2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ,384 8.0 36,220 6.3 16,008 12.6 550**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,847 0.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) 547 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,783 1.4 4,612 0.8 3,310 2.6 745 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,709 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,687 2.1 12,209 2.1 7,191 5.7 923 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,588 3.6 18,526 3.2 4,964 3.9 205 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,062 1.5 18,391 3.2 656 0.5 45**  **SCTG 20, Basic Chemicals Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469**  **100.0 412,581 100.0 171,156 100.0 428 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241**  **,267 88.9 379,285 91.9 153,979 90.0 157** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138,642 51.1 199,121 48.3 50,120 29.3 129

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,844 33.5 78,022 18.9 37,487 21.9 524 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,798 17.6 121,099 29.4 12,633 7.4 46 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,469 22.3 104,664 25.4 88,222 51.5 842 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,433 5.7 31,067 7.5 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,545 3.9 22,869 5.5 5,887 3.4 209 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 8,198 2.0 (S) (S) 1,255 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,304 0.5 67 (Z) (S) (S) 761 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,418 9.4 44,366 10.8 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ,932 10.3 30,720 7.4 16,081 9.4 912**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,345 2.3 209 0.1 168 0.1 911 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,787 1.0 3,978 1.0 3,416 2.0 853 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,928 0.7 (S) (S) 622 0.4 2,365 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,671 1.7 5,352 1.3 3,315 1.9 1,859 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,202 4.5 19,714 4.8 8,561 5.0 710 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,271 0.8 2,577 0.6 1,095 0.6 (S)**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 26 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252**  **100.0 19,076 100.0 8,134 100.0 635 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519**  **,532 67.4 14,899 78.1 6,123 75.3 203** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501,445 65.0 14,761 77.4 5,922 72.8 152

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418,942 54.3 7,272 38.1 5,071 62.3 285 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,503 10.7 7,489 39.3 851 10.5 75 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1 (Z) 1 (Z) 1,084 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,060 2.3 136 0.7 201 2.5 1,156 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 ,816 31.4 2,015 10.6 1,199 14.7 794**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 40,974 31.2 1,853 9.7 919 11.3 795 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 0.1 152 0.8 263 3.2 (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 8 (Z) 14 0.2 (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,904 1.3 2,162 11.3 (S) (S) 477**  **SCTG 22, Fertilizers Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613**  **100.0 149,600 100.0 58,970 100.0 171 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39**  **,296 90.1 132,253 88.4 45,108 76.5 149** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,906 68.6 96,852 64.7 19,522 33.1 127

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,173 34.8 51,546 34.5 16,068 27.2 277 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,733 33.8 45,306 30.3 3,453 5.9 51 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,471 17.1 28,771 19.2 21,433 36.3 758 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692 1.6 2,542 1.7 1,878 3.2 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 1.6 2,540 1.7 1,877 3.2 696 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 (Z) 2 (Z) (Z) (Z) 153 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,283 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,224 2.8 4,087 2.7 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ,978 9.1 16,283 10.9 13,737 23.3 1,107**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (Z) 2 (Z) 1 (Z) 1,250 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,943 6.7 11,218 7.5 9,569 16.2 874 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 1.3 3,123 2.1 2,945 5.0 2,159 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 1.1 1,940 1.3 1,221 2.1 842 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 0.8 1,065 0.7 (S) (S) (S)**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 27 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 23, Chemical Products and Preparations, n.e.c. Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,750**  **100.0 123,537 100.0 58,477 100.0 638 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288**  **,456 87.0 115,274 93.3 50,471 86.3 323** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278,678 84.0 108,158 87.6 44,819 76.6 311

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219,208 66.1 79,310 64.2 40,929 70.0 574 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,471 17.9 28,847 23.4 3,890 6.7 62 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,389 2.2 6,321 5.1 5,184 8.9 886 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 (Z) 21 (Z) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696 0.5 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,409 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 (Z) 343 0.3 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 ,593 11.6 6,457 5.2 7,272 12.4 896**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,713 9.3 1,424 1.2 890 1.5 893 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,513 1.7 3,660 3.0 5,130 8.8 1,396 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,358 0.4 232 0.2 603 1.0 2,301 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 3,975 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,700 1.4 1,806 1.5 733 1.3 99**  **SCTG 24, Plastics and Rubber Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435**  **100.0 186,392 100.0 104,622 100.0 550 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425**  **,849 87.0 167,811 90.0 86,803 83.0 262** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377,889 77.2 129,534 69.5 60,533 57.9 250

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256,864 52.5 90,494 48.6 54,726 52.3 634 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,025 24.7 39,040 20.9 5,807 5.6 60 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,425 9.3 38,065 20.4 26,075 24.9 715 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 11 (Z) 960

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 9 (Z) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 (Z) 2 (Z) (S) (S) 1,440 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,397 0.5 135 0.1 183 0.2 1,251 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 ,281 11.5 14,570 7.8 16,232 15.5 888**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,823 7.9 2,074 1.1 1,455 1.4 887 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,666 3.2 11,741 6.3 13,242 12.7 1,399 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552 0.3 555 0.3 991 0.9 1,618 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 (Z) 15 (Z) 73 0.1 4,491 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 (Z) 184 0.1 (S) (S) 3,062 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,304 1.5 4,010 2.2 1,588 1.5 100**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 28 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 25, Logs and Other Wood in the Rough Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086**  **100.0 107,869 100.0 11,164 100.0 110 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6**  **,592 93.0 105,876 98.2 9,638 86.3 97** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,969 84.2 102,495 95.0 7,881 70.6 90

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,828 54.0 53,023 49.2 4,801 43.0 127 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,141 30.2 49,472 45.9 3,080 27.6 62 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 8.8 3,381 3.1 1,757 15.7 571 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 6.2 1,836 1.7 1,502 13.5 1,003**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (Z) (Z) (S) Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 5.5 1,705 1.6 1,195 10.7 835 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 0.6 125 0.1 (S) (S) 2,553 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 0.7 157 0.1 24 0.2 (S)**  **SCTG 26, Wood Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868**  **100.0 323,773 100.0 100,787 100.0 328 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174**  **,476 94.9 308,887 95.4 84,814 84.2 198** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,913 91.9 292,597 90.4 64,616 64.1 161

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,303 41.0 146,835 45.4 50,476 50.1 468 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,610 50.9 145,761 45.0 14,141 14.0 73 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,338 2.9 14,843 4.6 19,998 19.8 1,236 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 107 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 0.1 29 (Z) 58 0.1 3,218 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ,203 3.4 10,273 3.2 14,648 14.5 996**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,432 1.3 218 0.1 200 0.2 987 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,263 1.8 8,014 2.5 12,539 12.4 1,331 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 0.3 (S) (S) 1,846 1.8 1,678 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 (Z) 7 (Z) 25 (Z) 3,511 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 (Z) 14 (Z) (S) (S) 3,115 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,189 1.7 4,613 1.4 1,325 1.3 71**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 29 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 27, Pulp, Newsprint, Paper, and Paperboard Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,857**  **100.0 145,380 100.0 82,098 100.0 297 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114**  **,491 90.3 130,935 90.1 67,117 81.8 182** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,206 77.4 102,787 70.7 43,377 52.8 166

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,236 54.6 78,770 54.2 40,520 49.4 433 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,970 22.8 24,017 16.5 2,857 3.5 56 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,134 12.7 28,000 19.3 23,636 28.8 837 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 0.1 140 0.1 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 0.1 122 0.1 (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 (Z) 9 (Z) 11 (Z) 2,828 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ,193 8.8 13,463 9.3 14,474 17.6 731**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,742 1.4 244 0.2 97 0.1 721 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,924 7.0 12,493 8.6 13,873 16.9 998 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 0.3 379 0.3 355 0.4 1,047 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (Z) (S) (S) 29 (Z) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 0.1 (S) (S) 120 0.1 1,512 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,173 0.9 981 0.7 507 0.6 103**  **SCTG 28, Paper or Paperboard Articles Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070**  **100.0 82,233 100.0 28,977 100.0 512 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108**  **,924 92.3 79,199 96.3 26,158 90.3 150** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,730 91.2 77,319 94.0 24,530 84.7 148

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,745 58.2 46,693 56.8 21,267 73.4 402 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,986 33.0 30,626 37.2 3,263 11.3 51 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 0.6 1,475 1.8 1,512 5.2 1,149 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 0.3 395 0.5 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 0.3 356 0.4 24 0.1 68 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 0.1 10 (Z) 11 (Z) 868 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ,791 6.6 2,205 2.7 2,452 8.5 1,003**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,830 4.9 655 0.8 456 1.6 1,002 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,739 1.5 1,423 1.7 1,797 6.2 1,539 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 0.2 125 0.2 194 0.7 1,879 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,355 1.1 829 1.0 367 1.3 (S)**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 30 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 29, Printed Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389**  **100.0 51,435 100.0 22,363 100.0 579 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124**  **,218 65.2 45,987 89.4 18,329 82.0 115** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,579 64.4 45,474 88.4 17,524 78.4 99

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,299 42.7 30,444 59.2 16,130 72.1 259 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,279 21.7 15,030 29.2 1,395 6.2 25 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 0.2 424 0.8 681 3.0 1,037 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,291 0.7 86 0.2 111 0.5 1,375 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 ,122 31.1 3,042 5.9 2,669 11.9 837**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,286 30.6 2,767 5.4 2,143 9.6 837 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 0.3 252 0.5 436 1.9 858 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 0.1 20 (Z) (S) (S) 4,273 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,049 3.7 2,405 4.7 (S) (S) 376**  **SCTG 30, Textiles, Leather, and Articles of Textiles or Leather Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610**  **100.0 46,728 100.0 30,643 100.0 1,101 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339**  **,048 71.6 41,084 87.9 25,510 83.2 889** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,798 69.2 40,089 85.8 23,369 76.3 845

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244,202 51.6 24,088 51.5 21,299 69.5 1,169 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,597 17.7 16,001 34.2 2,070 6.8 198 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,001 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 15 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 3 (Z) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,943 0.8 111 0.2 210 0.7 1,449 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 ,326 25.4 4,114 8.8 4,529 14.8 1,154**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 16,240 24.5 3,432 7.3 3,399 11.1 1,154 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,428 0.5 425 0.9 728 2.4 1,156 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,621 0.3 230 0.5 395 1.3 1,872 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 7 (Z) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,237 3.0 1,530 3.3 605 2.0 275**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 31 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 31, Nonmetallic Mineral Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993**  **100.0 1,156,790 100.0 115,289 100.0 447 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179**  **,892 91.3 1,122,305 97.0 103,040 89.4 130** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174,881 88.8 1,093,616 94.5 88,593 76.8 126

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,099 41.7 283,433 24.5 60,265 52.3 467 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,783 47.1 810,182 70.0 28,328 24.6 45 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,599 1.3 22,280 1.9 10,947 9.5 414 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 0.3 6,218 0.5 3,363 2.9 1,455

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 0.2 4,464 0.4 2,432 2.1 526 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 0.1 1,393 0.1 474 0.4 361 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 0.1 362 (Z) 457 0.4 1,665 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777 0.9 (S) (S) 136 0.1 1,373 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ,701 6.4 18,173 1.6 11,009 9.5 1,201**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,702 4.9 526 (Z) 555 0.5 1,203 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,043 1.0 13,075 1.1 8,078 7.0 657 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 1,422 0.1 1,041 0.9 2,107 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 0.2 3,116 0.3 1,275 1.1 1,549 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,400 2.2 16,312 1.4 1,239 1.1 97**  **SCTG 32, Base Metal in Primary or Semifinished Forms and in Finished Basic Shapes**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 100.0 364,940 100.0 129,224 100.0 360**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 ,430 91.4 336,814 92.3 107,175 82.9 191**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397,822 81.5 286,333 78.5 76,479 59.2 180

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267,564 54.8 188,594 51.7 65,804 50.9 449 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,259 26.7 97,739 26.8 10,674 8.3 65 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,499 9.3 47,693 13.1 28,617 22.1 562 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,592 0.3 2,638 0.7 1,971 1.5 833

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,574 0.3 2,622 0.7 1,933 1.5 735 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,166 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,517 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,200 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 ,609 7.1 23,584 6.5 20,932 16.2 880**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,744 3.0 623 0.2 361 0.3 880 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,457 3.4 17,744 4.9 14,045 10.9 686 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,896 0.6 4,495 1.2 (S) (S) 1,666 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 0.1 713 0.2 689 0.5 1,026 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,370 1.5 4,542 1.2 1,117 0.9 100**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 32 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 33, Articles of Base Metal Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292**  **100.0 131,924 100.0 52,343 100.0 561 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321**  **,610 82.8 124,656 94.5 46,072 88.0 278** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314,316 80.9 118,805 90.1 41,434 79.2 264

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205,315 52.9 74,132 56.2 36,012 68.8 673 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,002 28.1 44,673 33.9 5,423 10.4 54 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,704 1.2 5,698 4.3 4,451 8.5 627 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,318

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 49 (Z) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,350 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,408 0.6 82 0.1 135 0.3 1,267 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ,442 14.8 5,187 3.9 5,679 10.8 851**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,888 13.6 1,728 1.3 1,251 2.4 850 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,048 0.8 2,328 1.8 3,402 6.5 871 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,286 0.3 1,073 0.8 867 1.7 2,215 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) 704 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,240 2.4 2,080 1.6 592 1.1 65**  **SCTG 34, Machinery Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267**  **100.0 66,728 100.0 36,760 100.0 498 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495**  **,138 78.8 60,465 90.6 31,629 86.0 281** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474,659 75.6 59,517 89.2 30,785 83.7 250

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333,903 53.1 39,245 58.8 27,656 75.2 612 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,757 22.4 20,273 30.4 3,130 8.5 58 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,619 0.9 711 1.1 538 1.5 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,287

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 (Z) 2 (Z) 1 (Z) 1,377 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,617 2.3 223 0.3 303 0.8 1,224 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 ,986 18.1 3,971 6.0 4,353 11.8 737**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97,390 15.5 1,867 2.8 1,306 3.6 735 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,722 2.0 1,792 2.7 2,284 6.2 1,020 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,682 0.6 299 0.4 723 2.0 3,058 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 10 (Z) (S) (S) 3,545 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,142 3.0 2,292 3.4 778 2.1 69**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 33 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 35, Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and Components and Office Equipment**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 100.0 47,528 100.0 31,645 100.0 815**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 ,157 59.6 39,144 82.4 24,849 78.5 395**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528,267 50.5 37,905 79.8 22,843 72.2 308

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386,433 36.9 25,818 54.3 21,499 67.9 903 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141,833 13.6 12,087 25.4 1,343 4.2 42 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 726 1.5 1,373 4.3 803 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 10 (Z) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 341 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,321 8.5 503 1.1 626 2.0 1,343 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 ,383 37.2 4,736 10.0 5,573 17.6 1,069**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 82,922 36.6 4,137 8.7 4,120 13.0 1,069 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 0.4 376 0.8 657 2.1 1,618 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,176 0.2 222 0.5 794 2.5 1,131 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z) (Z) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,954 3.1 3,648 7.7 1,223 3.9 62**  **SCTG 36, Motorized and Other Vehicles (Including Parts) Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,288**  **100.0 133,126 100.0 64,776 100.0 489 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726**  **,783 80.1 113,537 85.3 51,315 79.2 320** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651,671 71.8 106,344 79.9 43,283 66.8 290

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452,350 49.9 69,434 52.2 37,479 57.9 741 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,321 22.0 36,910 27.7 5,804 9.0 51 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,135 7.6 6,969 5.2 7,762 12.0 1,189 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,333

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 52 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,364 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,867 0.6 211 0.2 240 0.4 1,170 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 ,153 10.2 8,264 6.2 9,696 15.0 863**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,269 4.5 1,831 1.4 1,393 2.2 858 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,804 5.4 6,145 4.6 7,699 11.9 1,301 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,615 0.2 225 0.2 387 0.6 2,681 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 (Z) 10 (Z) 66 0.1 8,012 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 (Z) (S) (S) 151 0.2 3,387 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,352 9.7 11,325 8.5 3,765 5.8 93**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 34 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 37, Transportation Equipment, n.e.c. Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883**  **100.0 6,815 100.0 4,471 100.0 908 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120**  **,565 69.3 6,206 91.1 3,892 87.1 628** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59,445 34.2 4,658 68.4 2,484 55.5 402

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,275 25.5 3,813 56.0 2,322 51.9 906 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,170 8.7 845 12.4 161 3.6 77 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424 0.8 1,018 14.9 868 19.4 848 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,129 1.8 392 5.7 384 8.6 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,563 1.5 390 5.7 383 8.6 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 669 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,567 32.5 138 2.0 158 3.5 1,309 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 ,848 29.2 472 6.9 476 10.7 1,046**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,707 27.4 125 1.8 120 2.7 1,048 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 311 4.6 298 6.7 844 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 0.3 35 0.5 (S) (S) 1,898 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (Z) 2 (Z) (S) (S) 1,315 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,470 1.4 137 2.0 102 2.3 633**  **SCTG 38, Precision Instruments and Apparatus Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620**  **100.0 5,668 100.0 3,513 100.0 1,008 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140**  **,769 46.2 3,904 68.9 2,048 58.3 675** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,971 35.4 3,740 66.0 1,800 51.2 397

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74,621 24.5 2,238 39.5 1,603 45.6 733 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,350 10.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) 60 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,797 10.8 164 2.9 248 7.1 1,180 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 ,483 52.0 1,291 22.8 1,189 33.8 1,062**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 57,222 51.6 1,255 22.2 1,118 31.8 1,062 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 0.1 6 0.1 7 0.2 1,530 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,036 0.3 30 0.5 63 1.8 1,938 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,369 1.8 (S) (S) (S) (S) 432**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 35 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 39, Furniture, Mattresses and Mattress Supports, Lamps. Lighting Fittings, and Illuminated Signs**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,286 100.0 26,633 100.0 15,024 100.0 766**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 ,980 89.3 24,759 93.0 12,833 85.4 447**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,437 88.9 24,678 92.7 12,663 84.3 442

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,217 54.6 15,011 56.4 11,151 74.2 727 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,220 34.3 9,668 36.3 1,512 10.1 111 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 0.2 71 0.3 156 1.0 1,325 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 226

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 226 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 0.2 9 (Z) 14 0.1 1,435 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ,537 8.9 1,157 4.3 1,416 9.4 1,085**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,473 7.5 922 3.5 980 6.5 1,091 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,885 1.2 184 0.7 265 1.8 (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 0.1 51 0.2 166 1.1 2,985 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,769 1.8 717 2.7 (S) (S) 133**  **SCTG 40, Miscellaneous Manufactured Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,305**  **100.0 91,844 100.0 41,995 100.0 1,012 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295**  **,796 60.3 83,913 91.4 34,453 82.0 701** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282,021 57.5 80,402 87.5 33,305 79.3 625

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,996 40.8 49,844 54.3 29,707 70.7 1,002 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,026 16.7 30,558 33.3 3,598 8.6 76 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 0.1 557 0.6 591 1.4 1,124 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (Z) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,074 2.7 253 0.3 406 1.0 1,432 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 (Z) 2,698 2.9 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 ,867 37.3 5,471 6.0 6,116 14.6 1,071**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 79,058 36.5 4,355 4.7 4,360 10.4 1,071 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,297 0.5 716 0.8 1,161 2.8 1,158 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,415 0.3 (S) (S) 566 1.3 1,342 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (Z) 7 (Z) 21 (Z) 2,703 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,642 2.4 2,460 2.7 1,426 3.4 196**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 36 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **SCTG 41, Waste and Scrap Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243**  **100.0 305,878 100.0 67,023 100.0 152 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74**  **,283 90.3 283,682 92.7 46,923 70.0 134** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,927 78.9 248,961 81.4 33,791 50.4 125

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,149 47.6 99,666 32.6 25,089 37.4 254 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,778 31.3 149,295 48.8 8,702 13.0 51 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,236 10.0 31,124 10.2 11,278 16.8 366 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,110 1.3 3,596 1.2 1,854 2.8 1,168

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 1.1 3,492 1.1 1,709 2.5 512 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,540 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 229 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ,751 8.2 18,106 5.9 19,604 29.3 1,107**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 721 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,010 4.9 12,044 3.9 9,415 14.0 986 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,342 2.8 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,568 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 0.4 (S) (S) 400 0.6 1,820 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,209 1.5 4,089 1.3 (S) (S) 142**  **SCTG 43, Mixed Freight Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353**  **100.0 300,922 100.0 56,137 100.0 369 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870**  **,498 93.4 293,901 97.7 51,272 91.3 165** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866,591 92.9 292,751 97.3 49,838 88.8 160

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,133 27.3 74,386 24.7 25,550 45.5 610 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612,458 65.7 218,365 72.6 24,288 43.3 86 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,860 0.2 971 0.3 1,160 2.1 1,182 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 (Z) 81 (Z) (S) (S) 728

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (Z) 7 (Z) (Z) (Z) 15 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 74 (Z) (S) (S) 1,091 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723 0.2 97 (Z) 133 0.2 1,266 Pipeline 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ,509 5.5 4,091 1.4 4,271 7.6 760**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,205 4.8 2,253 0.7 1,505 2.7 758 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,808 0.5 1,457 0.5 1,919 3.4 1,231 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,115 0.1 281 0.1 601 1.1 1,802 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 (Z) 58 (Z) 132 0.2 1,972 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 (Z) 42 (Z) 114 0.2 2,789 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,347 1.1 2,930 1.0 594 1.1 72**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 37 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment 2007 (million dollars) Percent 2007 (thousands) Percent 2007 (millions) Percent **Commodity Unknown Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453**  **100.0 (S) 100.0 145 100.0 485 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1**  **,045 71.9 540 92.6 118 81.3 91** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 968 66.6 457 78.5 108 74.1 73

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 21.7 167 28.6 87 60.2 (S) Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 44.9 291 49.9 20 13.9 48 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 128 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – –

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – –
–– – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –
– –– – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 2,079 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –– – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 21.7 (S) (S) (S) (S) 1,065**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 21.6 8 1.4 7 4.6 1,065 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –– – – – – – Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – –
––– – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 18 3.1 (S) (S) (S)**  – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). 3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 4 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 7. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 38 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **Total 3** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 12,543,425 3,344,658**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,851,545 6,948,743 156,161 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,074,137 1,255,189 122,646 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,777,031 1,585,315 374,666 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606,034 1,064,455 529,308 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,019,498 618,981 533,163 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720,623 517,669 616,594 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730,366 397,272 624,921 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494,992 95,511 207,175 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,646 60,290 180,023 **SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,833 6,150 3,973**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,572 967 36 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 980 774 78 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,819 1,247 284 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 924 610 320 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,050 649 504 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,323 684 772 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 02, Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,851 514,151 203,446**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,983 253,003 6,449 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,746 42,942 4,089 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,181 43,194 11,471 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,001 52,847 30,781 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,676 49,101 43,344 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,605 35,224 45,225 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,795 34,756 59,100 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 68 180 **SCTG 03, Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,637 211,890 88,207**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,382 94,712 2,726 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,389 27,284 2,561 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,287 25,038 5,826 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,356 21,673 11,942 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,211 11,350 10,417 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,344 11,722 14,361 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,974 11,460 18,574 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,448 4,244 9,215 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,245 4,407 12,585 **SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,472 246,436 76,188**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,918 110,152 3,410 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,629 33,869 3,360 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,724 42,745 9,371 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,970 24,030 12,264 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,846 16,401 14,577 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,114 6,099 7,033 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,304 8,451 14,032 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,673 2,538 5,441 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 39 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277,251 98,413 48,549**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,241 27,679 752 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,642 10,996 1,058 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,821 17,870 3,940 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,511 15,623 7,284 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,977 9,902 7,683 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,644 5,994 6,461 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,911 6,682 10,430 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,743 2,084 4,351 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,761 1,581 (S) **SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,139 120,023 50,732**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,926 37,209 964 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,282 13,951 1,368 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,435 22,194 4,641 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,082 17,327 8,000 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,784 12,272 9,675 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,521 7,810 8,636 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,654 5,104 7,712 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,757 2,955 6,378 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,697 1,201 3,358 **SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479,757**  **468,435 171,452** Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169,055 185,255 5,056 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,529 58,382 5,585 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,000 82,103 17,406 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,885 58,011 26,337 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,917 29,262 22,858 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,916 18,759 20,497 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,977 19,004 29,873 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,793 9,839 21,718 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,684 7,820 22,122 **SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,322 114,012 36,685**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,147 59,493 1,318 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,132 9,268 868 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,722 15,549 3,409 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,052 12,144 5,526 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,802 4,861 3,848 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,751 5,100 6,094 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,827 4,321 6,934 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,929 1,542 3,336 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,960 1,735 5,354 **SCTG 09, Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,551 3,289 390**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,665 2,574 41 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,817 177 18 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,306 191 41 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,547 153 67 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,319 87 67 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,639 50 54 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,316 37 52 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 7 16 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 12 35 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 40 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,202 28,738 3,113**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,650 22,044 560 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559 2,565 253 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865 1,877 428 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 952 436 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 700 538 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 211 236 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 283 404 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 45 93 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 62 165 **SCTG 11, Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,665 460,085 41,125**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,008 370,514 7,876 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 34,994 3,197 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 30,941 7,381 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 6,959 3,171 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 6,405 5,666 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 7,843 9,273 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 1,511 2,319 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 (S) (S) **SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,167 2,039,457 147,770**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,718 1,637,555 32,906 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,606 154,990 15,832 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,527 139,958 32,781 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 83,430 40,696 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 16,293 14,705 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 4,022 4,723 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 1,452 2,386 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 1,517 3,127 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 239 613 **SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,727 272,264 52,096**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,666 173,702 3,397 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,379 20,599 2,021 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,398 35,045 7,801 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,540 19,218 9,532 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,299 9,683 8,626 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 7,203 8,737 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 4,878 7,576 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 499 1,455 **SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,910 76,672 39,319**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,152 18,378 1,280 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,994 24,420 2,474 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,853 4,816 1,138 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,361 (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,061 12,637 10,746 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,576 (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,788 (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 429 1,070 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107 653 4,869 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 41 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 15, Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,228 1,416,187 835,796**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,182 371,234 11,258 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,608 105,468 11,889 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,815 242,799 80,113 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,138 194,647 107,867 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,300 143,510 139,213 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,567 216,535 265,620 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,612 141,942 219,700 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663,194 959,161 68,647**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501,001 716,263 13,644 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,614 108,177 9,475 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,289 80,631 14,867 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,677 34,055 13,812 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,236 12,695 8,783 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,280 5,528 5,211 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 100 227 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) (Z) 1 **SCTG 18, Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373,515 641,894 54,243**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281,262 479,935 9,711 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,723 60,308 5,758 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,510 66,205 12,641 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,346 19,713 8,612 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,135 8,109 6,463 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,390 3,417 3,634 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046 (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 37 71 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268,163 578,188 127,190**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,913 359,929 6,932 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,662 56,182 5,054 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,295 63,244 14,428 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,597 37,159 17,515 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,153 22,639 21,163 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,700 20,154 25,557 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,403 14,461 24,740 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,500 3,606 9,350 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939 814 2,451 **SCTG 20, Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271,469 412,581 171,156** Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,549 144,034 3,666 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,620 52,830 5,713 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,511 78,328 17,138 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,900 48,108 23,934 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,780 28,154 25,098 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,369 27,481 32,847 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,334 25,171 42,372 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,071 6,340 14,392 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,338 2,136 5,997 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 42 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771,252 19,076 8,134**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,809 5,711 115 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,201 2,607 243 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,236 3,719 738 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137,390 2,427 1,140 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84,144 2,145 1,656 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,041 718 773 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,685 793 1,166 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,346 436 906 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,401 520 1,397 **SCTG 22, Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,613 149,600 58,970**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,975 55,698 1,620 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,705 17,770 1,763 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,900 19,778 4,580 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,004 18,702 9,845 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,980 18,816 16,033 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,186 11,830 13,439 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,583 6,061 9,255 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 471 1,013 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331,750 123,537 58,477**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83,696 38,436 1,004 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,884 9,703 952 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,320 20,628 4,630 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,668 21,304 9,904 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,371 14,041 10,719 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,458 7,978 8,480 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,395 5,552 8,508 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,390 3,574 7,719 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,567 2,320 6,562 **SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,435 186,392 104,622**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,255 49,200 1,236 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,255 16,950 1,615 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,006 27,534 6,202 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,815 31,591 15,237 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,043 20,262 16,157 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,181 17,068 19,326 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,442 14,777 23,094 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,883 6,027 13,504 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,554 2,982 8,252 **SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 107,869 11,164**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,748 73,252 2,380 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,005 20,616 1,827 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,340 7,458 1,451 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 3,958 1,783 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 859 (S) 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 150 370 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 43 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 26, Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183,868 323,773 100,787**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,713 131,469 4,560 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,803 55,412 5,572 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,603 63,449 13,692 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,585 32,060 15,095 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,814 14,379 11,884 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,188 9,035 10,445 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,615 7,151 11,735 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,587 6,466 14,999 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,960 4,353 12,806 **SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126,857 145,380 82,098**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,548 29,043 662 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,842 11,730 1,170 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,226 25,702 6,178 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,552 29,527 14,775 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,695 21,841 17,858 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,283 13,695 15,386 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,441 8,640 13,465 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,707 3,800 8,575 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,565 1,403 4,028 **SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,070 82,233 28,977**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,247 30,851 809 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,937 10,607 986 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,538 15,398 3,271 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,547 10,663 5,018 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,419 5,540 4,378 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,629 4,363 4,614 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,821 1,868 2,758 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,977 1,631 3,538 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,954 1,312 3,605 **SCTG 29, Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190,389 51,435 22,363**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,621 17,719 390 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,859 4,894 497 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,944 8,503 1,902 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,711 7,790 3,681 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,669 4,805 3,665 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,331 2,723 2,902 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,339 2,585 3,657 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,986 1,669 3,625 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,930 746 2,044 **SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473,610 46,728 30,643**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,964 13,264 294 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,344 3,755 371 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,175 6,631 1,442 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,554 6,712 3,141 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,386 5,026 3,865 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,466 2,413 2,539 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,491 2,959 4,467 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,360 2,716 5,724 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,870 3,252 8,801 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 44 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196,993 1,156,790 115,289**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,923 859,331 16,139 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,979 96,833 9,264 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,226 116,148 24,712 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,596 46,730 21,487 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,002 19,625 15,951 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,741 6,803 7,674 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,641 7,278 10,602 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,329 2,616 5,472 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,557 1,426 3,987 **SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488,410 364,940 129,224**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135,205 114,408 2,890 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,346 36,836 3,567 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,474 86,778 19,487 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,323 67,425 32,589 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,306 28,968 23,155 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,126 13,426 15,474 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,963 10,025 15,407 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,779 5,377 11,998 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,889 1,697 4,656 **SCTG 33, Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,292 131,924 52,343**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116,154 42,927 1,142 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,304 15,373 1,479 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63,525 25,028 5,630 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,343 20,024 9,242 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,539 11,037 8,391 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,634 6,883 7,519 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,179 7,577 11,729 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,783 2,029 4,281 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,834 1,044 2,931 **SCTG 34, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628,267 66,728 36,760**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,344 19,713 481 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,740 4,608 458 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,296 10,359 2,362 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100,643 11,025 5,211 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,814 6,986 5,515 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49,845 5,079 5,451 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,318 4,989 7,428 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,197 2,330 5,188 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,069 1,639 4,666 **SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,046,495 47,528 31,645**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249,972 15,579 379 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,281 2,588 260 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106,787 5,454 1,276 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,716 6,068 2,851 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,886 4,838 3,721 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86,537 3,503 3,759 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,296 4,039 6,067 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,540 3,044 6,607 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,480 2,415 6,724 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 45 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907,288 133,126 64,776**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,998 43,015 958 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,667 11,181 1,064 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142,794 21,771 4,994 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,200 22,152 10,467 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,234 12,678 9,863 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,903 7,286 7,948 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,025 7,241 10,890 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,903 5,457 12,161 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,566 2,345 6,432 **SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173,883 6,815 4,471**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,861 1,601 40 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,015 235 25 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,799 949 223 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,134 1,308 631 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,297 834 667 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,635 926 1,048 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,268 499 768 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,015 368 813 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,859 94 257 **SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,620 5,668 3,513**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,763 1,687 51 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,914 389 36 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,406 639 164 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,824 962 433 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,154 566 426 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,197 498 537 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,833 421 616 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,264 233 481 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,265 274 769 **SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,286 26,633 15,024**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,744 6,507 172 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,501 2,345 228 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,002 4,402 960 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,475 4,627 2,125 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,141 3,202 2,447 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,453 1,969 2,120 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,238 1,815 2,757 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,644 1,049 2,217 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,087 717 1,998 **SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490,305 91,844 41,995**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,427 30,890 735 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,181 7,605 746 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,043 15,676 3,406 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,110 14,019 6,388 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,548 8,357 6,449 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,221 5,078 5,492 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,328 6,121 9,160 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,521 2,337 4,836 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,927 1,761 4,785 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 46 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 2 (millions) **SCTG 41, Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,243 305,878 67,023**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,298 175,241 4,313 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,802 45,575 4,219 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,295 33,935 7,600 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,508 25,129 12,420 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,472 11,651 9,455 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,014 5,615 6,251 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,077 3,278 5,016 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,202 1,375 3,093 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,575 4,079 14,656 **SCTG 43, Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932,353 300,922 56,137**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303,664 128,313 3,801 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,913 59,291 5,643 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247,807 71,318 14,643 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,742 24,663 10,478 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,523 7,768 6,194 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,864 3,364 3,583 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,857 2,953 4,248 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,626 2,189 4,620 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,356 1,063 2,927 **Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,453 (S) 145**  Less than 50 miles
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 258 7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 83 17 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 (S) 20 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 (S) (S) 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1 4 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between 2 poi nts on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 3 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 8. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 47 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,684,872 12,543,425 3,344,658**  Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 1,480,208 24,828 15,128 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388,649 16,630 6,675 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,094,506 96,679 26,644 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 309,788 47,963 10,974 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 227,805 43,626 9,573 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 2,381,303 709,781 167,196 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 3,984,093 5,267,458 984,285 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 685,084 2,340,485 212,678 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 1,133,436 3,995,975 1,911,504 **SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish ...................................................................**  **10,833 6,150 3,973** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 10 (S) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 7 2 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 38 21 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 11 (S) 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 316 (S) 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 5,830 3,864 2,725 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 2,056 1,139 634 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 1,451 755 (S) **SCTG 02, Cereal grains .............................................................................**  **84,851 514,151 203,446** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 3 (S) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 60 (S) 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 48 7 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 20 1 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 916 1,688 156 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 6,119 26,595 5,490 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 24,274 167,041 12,216 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 53,382 318,695 185,571 **SCTG 03, Other agricultural products .................................................................**  **143,637 211,890 88,207** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 4,530 331 89 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 419 33 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,292 3,242 230 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 3,141 1,423 132 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,170 1,070 126 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 28,092 19,489 5,504 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 58,667 67,561 36,423 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 14,716 53,912 5,315 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 20,820 64,443 40,354 **SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. ...............................................**  **90,472 246,436 76,188** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 92 (S) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 83 20 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,460 632 77 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 406 53 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 303 45 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 8,530 9,819 1,531 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 53,736 124,816 26,164 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 12,497 68,838 10,194 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 11,983 41,446 38,022 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 48 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations .....................................................**  **277,251 98,413 48,549** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 3,264 290 85 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,903 444 38 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 18,104 3,271 330 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 6,321 1,554 187 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 4,961 1,314 179 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 59,928 17,737 5,048 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 171,196 66,985 34,215 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 3,851 2,635 1,417 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 5,724 4,182 (S) **SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products .....................................**  **143,139 120,023 50,732** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 5,371 692 271 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,442 388 29 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 5,076 1,757 190 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,995 902 112 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,034 953 132 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 23,385 11,832 3,114 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 92,008 70,243 32,234 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 5,723 17,438 2,641 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 6,105 15,817 12,008 **SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils ....................................................**  **479,757 468,435 171,452** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 8,414 909 176 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,423 1,095 110 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 23,910 8,957 707 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,543 4,818 456 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 8,928 4,495 434 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 91,530 56,652 9,722 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 288,683 294,943 109,099 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 19,670 48,217 8,606 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 22,655 48,348 42,142 **SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages .......................................................................**  **158,322 114,012 36,685** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 3,631 228 45 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,335 423 22 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 16,868 5,662 246 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 7,271 3,380 137 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 6,503 3,212 116 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 51,287 32,883 1,702 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 56,421 49,402 19,829 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 7,202 8,870 1,930 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 6,805 9,951 12,659 **SCTG 09, Tobacco products .........................................................................**  **70,551 3,289 390** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 5,664 75 25 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,898 53 8 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,144 207 36 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,156 78 18 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,621 64 20 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 9,760 476 140 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 38,037 2,282 139 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 2 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 49 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone ...............................................................**  **5,202 28,738 3,113** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4 1 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 1 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 65 8 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 55 7 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 55 5 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 1,788 1,486 163 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 2,388 17,911 2,371 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 7,697 422 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 1,461 136 **SCTG 11, Natural sands .............................................................................**  **6,665 460,085 41,125** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1 (Z) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1 (S) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 26 2 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 15 2 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 16 3 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446 2,552 191 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 3,317 238,183 9,550 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 1,636 145,514 7,553 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 1,171 73,777 23,824 **SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone ..................................................................**  **21,167 2,039,457 147,770** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 8 (S) 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 16 (Z) 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 19 (Z) 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 9,176 196 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 12,530 1,194,032 40,340 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 5,201 480,879 21,371 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 3,198 355,327 85,862 **SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c. .................................................................**  **16,727 272,264 52,096** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 7 5 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 11 4 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 125 17 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 76 (S) 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 8 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 1,466 2,649 284 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 10,068 150,183 19,139 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 1,662 49,131 5,640 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 2,373 69,962 26,978 **SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates ..............................................................**  **32,910 76,672 39,319** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 3 2 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 5 2 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,021 36 (S) 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 (S) (S) 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 294 93 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 13,301 3,885 1,529 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 2,671 1,734 302 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 10,443 70,679 37,347 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 50 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 15, Coal .....................................................................................**  **38,228 1,416,187 835,796** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 1 (Z) 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 3 (Z) 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 430 20 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 2,629 57,536 5,247 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 3,508 98,751 9,843 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 31,990 1,259,464 820,686 **SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel ............................................................**  **663,194 959,161 68,647** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 19 (Z) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 68 2 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 329 13 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 238 10 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 216 7 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 12,751 16,212 745 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 117,705 162,904 7,857 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 261,486 361,660 16,146 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 270,489 417,516 43,867 **SCTG 18, Fuel oils .................................................................................**  **373,515 641,894 54,243** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 22 1 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 55 1 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,254 1,513 43 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,043 2,655 68 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,684 3,626 76 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 37,343 52,726 1,574 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 68,537 109,446 6,698 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 95,858 163,686 11,295 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 165,702 308,164 34,486 **SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. ..........................................................**  **268,163 578,188 127,190** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 2,146 259 53 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,332 325 36 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,498 4,768 272 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 3,859 2,914 127 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 5,168 4,003 190 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 36,835 28,665 2,437 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 76,423 206,608 23,233 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 19,810 81,617 9,208 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 113,092 249,029 91,634 **SCTG 20, Basic chemicals ...........................................................................**  **271,469 412,581 171,156** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 6,241 172 68 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,839 220 (S) 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 8,556 2,347 264 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,724 1,297 132 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,194 919 110 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 29,341 17,362 3,160 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 90,591 147,991 41,080 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 11,019 24,354 6,492 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 118,964 217,921 119,776 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 51 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products ...................................................................**  **771,252 19,076 8,134** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 252,887 1,267 551 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55,513 550 165 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 120,779 1,832 577 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 19,791 535 199 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 14,691 393 140 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 149,305 5,858 1,816 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 157,862 6,980 3,849 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 591 (S ) 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 (S) (S ) **SCTG 22, Fertilizers ................................................................................**  **43,613 149,600 58,970** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2 1 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7 1 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 88 5 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 55 5 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 50 4 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 2,717 5,182 372 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 17,030 54,560 10,132 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 8,819 31,720 7,443 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 14,777 57,937 41,008 **SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. ....................................................**  **331,750 123,537 58,477** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 24,381 860 423 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,871 553 246 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 27,734 2,925 1,167 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,234 1,499 663 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,702 1,268 556 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 75,278 18,557 8,623 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 163,097 83,159 39,139 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 2,468 4,335 720 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 9,983 10,382 6,939 **SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber ........................................................................**  **489,435 186,392 104,622** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 33,888 1,263 614 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,717 1,211 389 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 48,624 6,022 1,953 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 14,109 2,166 747 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,782 2,015 653 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 129,877 36,160 14,207 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 174,447 81,743 48,291 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 6,019 4,772 1,808 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 56,972 51,040 35,958 **SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,086 107,869 11,164**  Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (Z) (S) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (Z) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8 1 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 9 (S) 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 20 (S) 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 502 56 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 3,419 29,094 4,643 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 2,553 66,418 4,483 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 (S) 1,9 76 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 52 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 26, Wood products ............................................................................**  **183,868 323,773 100,787** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 3,024 192 120 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,208 236 74 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,593 1,834 350 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 4,715 1,164 187 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 3,803 1,121 169 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 46,997 29,706 3,846 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 89,251 176,942 46,310 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 14,151 77,332 14,261 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 9,126 35,247 35,470 **SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard .......................................................**  **126,857 145,380 82,098** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 1,551 101 36 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 146 39 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 3,831 1,212 156 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,826 709 91 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 1,317 566 84 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 18,880 10,913 1,877 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 69,867 83,564 42,454 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 5,067 8,349 2,517 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 23,754 39,820 34,843 **SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles ................................................................**  **118,070 82,233 28,977** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 4,262 302 178 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,026 311 91 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 8,243 1,903 357 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,860 921 176 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,013 709 122 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 28,089 14,871 2,837 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 68,048 56,325 22,205 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 1,198 4,132 1,410 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 1,330 2,759 1,601 **SCTG 29, Printed products ..........................................................................**  **190,389 51,435 22,363** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 43,685 1,916 1,048 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,226 794 336 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 26,290 2,708 1,119 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,990 1,127 450 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 5,450 714 273 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 48,782 12,460 4,615 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 42,170 28,146 12,677 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 1,339 528 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 2,231 (S) **SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather ...............................................**  **473,610 46,728 30,643** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 90,477 2,055 2,133 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,628 726 618 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 48,981 2,736 1,930 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 15,377 1,390 645 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,836 987 485 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 133,162 11,370 6,970 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 152,897 24,495 15,143 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 1,877 950 362 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 2,375 2,018 (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 53 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products ...............................................................**  **196,993 1,156,790 115,289** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 10,403 461 272 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,221 352 129 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,367 1,929 601 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 3,785 901 199 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 2,618 867 189 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 32,009 37,131 4,401 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 104,973 800,598 61,329 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 21,855 224,391 20,431 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 7,762 90,159 27,737 **SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes ..........................**  **488,410 364,940 129,224** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 11,651 360 134 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,127 415 128 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 25,310 3,256 709 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,432 1,802 414 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 7,182 1,622 341 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 90,756 33,692 6,943 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 250,999 211,518 66,215 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 26,887 38,954 6,329 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 60,065 73,321 48,010 **SCTG 33, Articles of base metal ......................................................................**  **388,292 131,924 52,343** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 50,512 1,095 576 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,312 798 342 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 47,749 4,317 1,630 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 14,007 1,955 723 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 10,390 1,595 603 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 102,829 28,764 9,415 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 129,321 73,439 27,975 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 7,849 7,713 1,937 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 10,323 12,249 9,140 **SCTG 34, Machinery ................................................................................**  **628,267 66,728 36,760** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 95,393 1,319 668 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,784 849 368 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 79,978 4,124 1,828 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 25,801 1,763 729 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 17,443 1,198 610 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 147,647 15,756 7,954 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 201,813 33,558 20,411 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 17,789 5,270 2,441 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 11,619 2,891 1,752 **SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment ....................**  **1,046,495 47,528 31,645** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 339,945 2,816 2,069 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,029 1,503 946 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 206,657 5,552 3,009 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 45,291 1,667 932 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 31,938 1,493 1,277 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 186,740 12,040 7,631 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 142,773 19,071 13,930 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 3,424 1,018 586 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 2,698 2,368 1,266 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 54 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) .................................................**  **907,288 133,126 64,776** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 63,205 2,021 880 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,944 1,390 707 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 83,135 6,023 2,673 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 21,362 2,049 884 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 13,147 1,465 585 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 281,261 38,355 18,514 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 359,120 70,028 33,011 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 35,295 6,590 3,958 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 25,819 5,205 3,565 **SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. .............................................................**  **173,883 6,815 4,471** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 44,606 77 69 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,257 29 26 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 24,894 121 94 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 6,842 55 48 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 4,050 35 23 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 30,453 960 706 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 21,870 3,051 1,698 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 6,713 540 282 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 1,946 1,526 **SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus .........................................................**  **304,620 5,668 3,513** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 145,652 693 718 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,240 286 184 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 59,143 1,028 529 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 11,306 273 119 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 6,669 231 114 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 38,559 1,670 894 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 14,427 1,205 767 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 (S) (S ) 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs ...........**  **152,286 26,633 15,024** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 9,290 427 390 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,773 432 301 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 26,898 2,628 1,432 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 9,155 1,202 574 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 6,416 912 480 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 56,756 9,817 5,083 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 35,189 10,064 6,345 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 1,048 627 277 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 1,760 526 141 **SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products ........................................................**  **490,305 91,844 41,995** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 166,213 2,603 2,539 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,887 961 811 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 62,389 3,976 2,340 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 16,141 1,343 905 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 11,154 1,071 659 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 92,495 16,355 8,845 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 104,717 49,863 20,140 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 9,330 6,773 3,378 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 2,980 8,900 2,379 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 55 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **SCTG 41, Waste and scrap ..........................................................................**  **82,243 305,878 67,023** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (Z) (S) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (S) (S) 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 (S) 1 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8 1 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 1,938 1,271 121 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 57,152 194,908 30,779 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 8,657 56,812 6,716 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 14,430 52,864 29,406 **SCTG 43, Mixed freight .............................................................................**  **932,353 300,922 56,137** Less than 50 lb
........................................................................................ 47,640 1,868 795 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,728 1,467 386 100 to 499 lb
.......................................................................................... 67,055 9,375 1,688 500 to 749 lb
.......................................................................................... 25,663 5,431 795 750 to 999 lb
.......................................................................................... 20,419 4,845 743 1,000 to 9,999 lb
....................................................................................... 287,417 85,845 15,588 10,000 to 49,999 lb
..................................................................................... 455,271 179,596 33,400 50,000 to 99,999 lb
..................................................................................... 7,672 8,339 1,273 100,000 lb or more
..................................................................................... 3,489 4,155 1,469 **Commodity unknown ...............................................................................**  **1,453 (S) 145** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 11 (S) 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 8 (S) 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 34 4 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 22 3 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 16 1 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 102 18 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 182 81 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 9. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 56 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 10. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment 212 Mining (except oil and gas)
........................................................... 85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505 53 311 Food manufacturing
................................................................. 585,676 568,950 264,425 305 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing
............................................ 129,804 143,530 42,063 227 313 Textile mills
....................................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133 811 314 Textile product mills
................................................................. 28,448 7,022 3,131 854 315 Apparel manufacturing
.............................................................. 24,381 1,463 1,400 1,224 316 Leather and allied product manufacturing
................................................ 5,441 636 789 1,118 321 Wood product manufacturing
.......................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742 343 322 Paper manufacturing
................................................................ 174,780 166,472 89,418 494 323 Printing and related support activities
................................................... 98,848 33,661 15,936 791 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing
.............................................. 608,090 1,415,099 207,148 222 325 Chemical manufacturing
............................................................. 713,674 594,262 279,917 847 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
.............................................. 209,268 66,753 37,394 679 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing
.............................................. 124,713 1,060,926 98,086 170 331 Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,412 201,339 98,318 545 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing
................................................. 338,290 118,350 44,620 596 333 Machinery manufacturing
............................................................ 343,262 40,523 31,565 917 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing
........................................... 389,399 5,416 4,442 1,205 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
.............................. 128,868 18,771 15,436 938 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing
................................................ 715,294 94,023 45,264 801 337 Furniture and related product manufacturing
............................................. 83,494 18,700 11,480 715 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing
......................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350 1,017 4231 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies merchant wholesalers
...................... 503,333 81,203 29,489 532 4232 Furniture and home furnishing merchant wholesalers
...................................... 74,305 23,358 12,730 663 4233 Lumber and other construction materials merchant wholesalers
.............................. 153,528 498,825 43,488 141 4234 Professional and commercial equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers
.................... 397,976 21,817 9,088 716 4235 Metal and mineral (except petroleum) merchant wholesalers
................................. 191,673 182,041 43,016 192 4236 Electrical and electronic goods merchant wholesalers
...................................... 338,597 24,469 11,663 474 4237 Hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers
.............. 119,464 28,474 5,563 213 4238 Machinery, equipment, and supplies merchant wholesalers
.................................. 363,108 74,069 16,716 322 4239 Miscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers
....................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027 911 4241 Paper and paper product merchant wholesalers
........................................... 100,860 50,888 15,513 282 4242 Drugs and druggists’ sundries merchant wholesalers
....................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611 478 4243 Apparel, piece goods, and notions merchant wholesalers
................................... 119,239 9,468 8,484 933 4244 Grocery and related product wholesalers
................................................ 567,732 321,626 81,594 109 4245 Farm product raw material merchant wholesalers
.......................................... 143,358 623,826 240,207 145 4246 Chemical and allied products merchant wholesalers
....................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344 237 4247 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers
................................... 610,759 846,636 52,112 70 4248 Beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverage merchant wholesalers
............................ 100,154 55,667 3,194 40 4249 Miscellaneous nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
.................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260 481 4541 Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
.............................................. 216,817 7,305 6,398 1,169 45431 Fuel dealers
....................................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784 22 4931 Warehousing and storage
............................................................ 903,398 187,219 46,335 833 5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
..................................... 38,082 11,892 2,279 250 551114 Corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing offices
....................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199 784

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 57 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)**  **Total ...................................................................**  **85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505 53 Single modes**  **................................................................ 78,658 3,353,616 956,608 49**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 43,325 2,131,050 98,817 42

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 28,676 1,011,437 62,166 57 Private truck **.....................................................................** 14,648 1,119,613 36,650 30 Rail **..............................................................................** 33,141 1,156,197 830,906 491 Water**.............................................................................** 1,780 62,558 26,629 (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) 45,864 16,053 297 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** 73 14,752 5,027 313 Deep draft **......................................................................** 1,270 1,941 5,549 (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (Z) (Z) (S) Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **5,217 160,134 96,241 443** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** (S) 1 1 619 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,639 60,748 26,915 444 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,294 60,998 37,441 381 Rail and water**......................................................................** 569 18,850 23,402 (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 429 19,536 8,482 487 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **1,854 124,368 4,657 32 311 Food Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **585,676 568,950 264,425 305 Single modes**  **................................................................ 558,516 531,992 232,256 184**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 533,628 463,673 169,332 170

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 374,015 288,522 144,835 567 Private truck **.....................................................................** 159,612 175,151 24,496 61 Rail **..............................................................................** 22,345 59,764 61,503 1,059 Water**.............................................................................** 1,716 (S) 1,266 1,106

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 849 (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 867 385 636 1,225 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 705 68 144 1,991 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 122 231 (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **18,792 26,737 29,630 922** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 2,292 192 171 914 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 14,288 21,165 24,274 1,116 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,911 (S) (S) 1,805 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 160 (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **8,368 10,222 2,539 96** See footnotes at end of table.

## 58 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 129,804 143,530 42,063 227**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **123,765 140,112 36,818 129** Truck2**.............................................................................** 121,817 138,357 34,559 125

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 63,698 76,653 27,904 452 Private truck **.....................................................................** 58,119 61,704 6,655 42 Rail **..............................................................................** 1,765 1,714 2,199 1,108 Water**.............................................................................** 19 16 (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 12 13 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) 2,459 Pipeline 3
........................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **5,368 2,623 4,903 1,006** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 715 32 32 964 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 4,279 2,191 3,801 1,878 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 361 385 1,042 2,383 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 8 (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671 795 341 (S)**  **313 Textile Mills Total**  **................................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133 811**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **33,139 8,673 3,753 570** Truck2**.............................................................................** 32,646 8,513 3,718 560

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 21,351 5,095 3,224 781 Private truck **.....................................................................** 11,295 3,417 494 130 Rail **..............................................................................** 271 149 29 380 Water**.............................................................................** ––––

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 219 5 6 1,641 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **2,458 250 339 1,000** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 1,913 58 55 998 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 118 44 102 1,989 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 401 124 179 1,308 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 66 41 397**  See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 59 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **314 Textile Product Mills Total**  **................................................................... 28,448 7,022 3,131 854**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **24,096 6,522 2,798 647** Truck2**.............................................................................** 23,887 6,505 2,774 592

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 14,063 3,034 2,447 982 Private truck **.....................................................................** 9,824 3,471 328 62 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 204 10 (S) 1,159 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **3,262 179 176 1,010** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 3,199 160 159 1,010 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 42 12 (S) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** 21 6 8 2,192 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **1,090 322 (S) (S) 315 Apparel Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **24,381 1,463 1,400 1,224 Single modes**  **................................................................ 15,794 1,210 1,152 1,073**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 15,426 1,172 1,070 1,027

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 12,015 985 1,053 1,280 Private truck **.....................................................................** 3,410 187 16 155 Rail **..............................................................................** –––– Water**.............................................................................** ––––

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 368 (S) (S) 1,747 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **6,813 179 212 1,284** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 6,554 162 197 1,282 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (Z) (Z) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** 246 14 13 2,177 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)**  See footnotes at end of table.

## 60 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 5,441 636 789 1,118**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **2,919 402 435 1,086** Truck2**.............................................................................** 2,819 373 403 1,032

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 2,313 337 398 1,109 Private truck **.....................................................................** 505 35 5 564 Rail **..............................................................................** 72 (S) (S) 2,328 Water**.............................................................................** ––––

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 28 1 2 2,667 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **2,409 201 330 1,126** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 2,060 59 66 1,125 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 335 142 263 1,936 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 10 (Z) (S) (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 3 (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 545**  **321 Wood Product Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742 343**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **95,156 206,782 66,039 242** Truck2**.............................................................................** 89,646 191,515 46,750 229

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 56,463 111,495 38,050 482 Private truck **.....................................................................** 33,183 80,020 8,700 77 Rail **..............................................................................** 5,422 14,877 19,127 1,254 Water**.............................................................................** 66 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 110 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 64 (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 24 (S) (S) 1,883 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **4,169 8,681 11,703 914** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 1,057 69 58 894 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,899 7,088 10,939 1,417 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 186 (S) 608 1,704 Rail and water**......................................................................** 13 12 (S) 4,501 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 14 14 (S) 3,258 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **1,597 3,371 1,000 105** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 61 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **322 Paper Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 174,780 166,472 89,418 494**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **163,710 154,965 77,069 344** Truck2**.............................................................................** 147,657 127,716 54,061 330

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 119,892 102,683 50,366 482 Private truck **.....................................................................** 27,766 25,033 3,695 83 Rail **..............................................................................** 15,558 26,809 22,888 874 Water**.............................................................................** 405 433 (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 359 374 31 (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,122 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 89 8 9 1,197 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **9,862 10,466 11,747 859** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 2,530 193 155 840 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 6,723 9,536 11,043 1,432 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 422 388 380 1,317 Rail and water**......................................................................** 17 (S) 28 (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 170 310 141 1,721 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **1,207 1,041 602 526 323 Printing and Related Support Activities**  **Total ...................................................................**  **98,848 33,661 15,936 791 Single modes**  **................................................................ 71,198 31,177 14,332 255**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 70,329 30,775 13,812 216

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 47,908 24,083 12,850 592 Private truck **.....................................................................** 22,421 6,692 962 38 Rail **..............................................................................** 258 348 443 933 Water**.............................................................................** 1 (Z) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 1 (Z) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 609 54 78 1,274 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **24,219 1,503 1,339 955** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 23,797 1,268 872 955 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 350 217 397 1,066 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 57 (S) (S) 4,833 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **3,431 982 264 84** See footnotes at end of table.

## 62 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 608,090 1,415,099 207,148 222**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **547,371 1,294,782 171,650 134** Truck2**.............................................................................** 133,904 564,884 57,716 121

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 79,054 339,064 43,594 172 Private truck **.....................................................................** 54,850 225,819 14,121 56 Rail **..............................................................................** 31,112 73,264 42,846 659 Water**.............................................................................** 51,921 127,373 35,027 325

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 40,886 105,779 17,164 144 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 11,036 21,594 17,863 813 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) 810 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 330,392 529,241 (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **57,434 99,166 34,863 857** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) 871 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,999 5,087 2,534 665 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 20,513 32,308 10,695 (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** 5,512 12,909 7,277 1,139 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 27,687 48,803 14,306 242 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S)**  **21,151 635 (S) 325 Chemical Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **713,674 594,262 279,917 847 Single modes**  **................................................................ 619,876 538,420 235,109 550**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 441,940 307,527 97,670 485

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 376,585 194,310 83,566 644 Private truck **.....................................................................** 65,355 113,216 14,104 131 Rail **..............................................................................** 119,862 147,272 117,810 810 Water**.............................................................................** 16,379 26,074 14,522 747

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 10,979 18,565 7,603 359 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) 7,509 (S) 1,376 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 10,510 202 336 1,209 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 31,186 57,346 (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **87,341 50,338 42,435 1,100** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 48,376 586 543 1,096 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 23,618 25,721 28,099 1,286 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 3,554 4,401 3,374 2,699 Rail and water**......................................................................** 4,557 3,948 2,472 1,774 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 7,237 15,682 7,947 697 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **6,458 5,504 2,374 464** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 63 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 209,268 66,753 37,394 679**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **194,055 63,351 34,025 510** Truck2**.............................................................................** 191,748 62,791 33,092 500

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 153,103 49,903 30,520 680 Private truck **.....................................................................** 38,646 12,889 2,571 133 Rail **..............................................................................** 1,344 511 878 1,533 Water**.............................................................................** 4 1 (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 4 1 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 959 47 54 1,178 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **12,532 1,480 2,226 986** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 9,724 423 401 979 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,140 894 1,563 1,562 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 607 151 212 2,011 Rail and water**......................................................................** 11 (S) 13 (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 49 8 36 4,486 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,682 1,922 (S) 432 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **124,713 1,060,926 98,086 170 Single modes**  **................................................................ 117,140 1,035,039 90,348 108**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 113,567 992,410 72,659 102

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 60,095 228,680 47,100 330 Private truck **.....................................................................** 53,473 763,730 25,559 41 Rail **..............................................................................** 2,325 34,912 14,160 390 Water**.............................................................................** 624 7,653 3,433 1,529

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 407 5,971 2,496 423 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** 136 1,393 474 361 Deep draft **......................................................................** 82 289 462 1,937 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 623 64 (S) 1,404 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **5,559 12,611 6,729 966** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 3,299 101 98 969 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 1,598 8,086 4,649 720 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 217 1,247 702 1,706 Rail and water**......................................................................** 26 (S) 28 (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 419 3,140 1,253 2,646 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,014 13,276 1,009 88** See footnotes at end of table.

## 64 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 251,412 201,339 98,318 545**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **223,545 176,585 75,260 440** Truck2**.............................................................................** 188,138 130,355 47,336 423

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 158,586 106,802 43,052 524 Private truck **.....................................................................** 29,552 23,553 4,283 130 Rail **..............................................................................** 32,755 43,787 25,969 578 Water**.............................................................................** 1,478 2,430 1,942 844

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 1,470 2,418 1,907 774 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 1,174 12 13 1,248 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **25,186 22,833 22,507 865** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 6,243 84 73 867 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 15,753 17,464 15,433 787 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 2,378 (S) (S) 1,194 Rail and water**......................................................................** 296 1,108 1,277 1,157 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 515 718 772 1,111 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,682 1,922 552 364 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **338,290 118,350 44,620 596 Single modes**  **................................................................ 288,155 114,457 41,828 394**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 280,823 110,526 38,473 376

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 198,881 73,419 33,976 704 Private truck **.....................................................................** 81,942 37,107 4,497 72 Rail **..............................................................................** 3,069 3,753 3,214 843 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,731 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 4,213 (S) 137 1,283 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **44,509 1,886 1,987 910** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 42,238 786 687 907 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 1,502 920 864 1,248 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 660 156 336 2,917 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) 16 36 (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 4,274 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **5,626 2,007 804 185** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 65 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **333 Machinery Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 343,262 40,523 31,565 917**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **268,758 37,243 27,712 712** Truck2**.............................................................................** 256,275 36,584 26,929 662

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 215,562 29,605 24,956 843 Private truck **.....................................................................** 40,713 6,979 1,973 150 Rail **..............................................................................** 5,169 435 478 1,144 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 7,314 224 305 1,213 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **65,345 2,169 3,025 1,015** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 53,065 847 787 1,012 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 8,808 1,023 1,439 1,597 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 3,109 242 684 3,052 Rail and water**......................................................................** 119 (S) (S) 2,487 Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 2,937 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **9,159 1,111 829 389 334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **389,399 5,416 4,442 1,205 Single modes**  **................................................................ 226,039 3,879 2,902 990**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 168,491 3,647 2,624 756

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 132,618 2,968 2,497 964 Private truck **.....................................................................** 35,873 680 128 147 Rail **..............................................................................** 111 (S) (S) (S) Water**.............................................................................** ––––

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 57,438 227 270 1,381 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **152,831 742 911 1,255** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 151,361 699 816 1,257 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 855 25 47 1,447 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 601 17 47 (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **10,528 795 629 774** See footnotes at end of table.

## 66 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 128,868 18,771 15,436 938**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **103,517 16,682 13,019 843** Truck2**.............................................................................** 100,064 16,277 12,656 810

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 86,848 13,915 11,657 884 Private truck **.....................................................................** 13,217 2,361 999 267 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,533 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,910

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 2,645 (S) (S) 1,326 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **22,000 1,006 1,515 1,064** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 19,781 365 375 1,059 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 1,968 591 992 1,874 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 247 49 145 3,954 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **3,351 1,083 902 (S) 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing**  **Total ...................................................................**  **715,294 94,023 45,264 801 Single modes**  **................................................................ 564,368 80,893 35,156 627**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 460,709 74,527 29,193 535

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 342,319 52,840 25,108 705 Private truck **.....................................................................** 118,389 21,687 4,085 153 Rail **..............................................................................** 40,178 5,777 5,338 1,145 Water**.............................................................................** 2,939 384 384 (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 2,373 382 383 (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 566 (S) (S) 669 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 60,543 205 242 1,302 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **86,361 5,887 7,121 1,033** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 41,294 349 330 1,018 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 43,640 5,414 6,419 1,338 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,192 109 271 2,802 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 8,922 Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 5,870 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **64,565 7,243 2,987 315** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 67 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 83,494 18,700 11,480 715**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **78,349 18,152 10,855 579** Truck2**.............................................................................** 78,099 18,115 10,808 576

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 53,089 13,039 9,981 810 Private truck **.....................................................................** 25,010 5,076 826 177 Rail **..............................................................................** 158 29 30 1,321 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (Z) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (Z) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 89 7 (S) 1,474 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **4,307 391 520 952** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 3,850 281 280 946 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 317 77 89 1,297 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 128 32 139 4,184 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 10 2 (S) 5,952 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838 158 105 465**  **339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350 1,017**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **79,053 9,192 7,504 755** Truck2**.............................................................................** 70,904 8,974 7,239 567

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 58,604 7,165 6,850 901 Private truck **.....................................................................** 12,300 1,809 389 84 Rail **..............................................................................** 308 (S) (S) 1,268 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 7,836 123 176 1,414 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **63,047 1,460 1,648 1,085** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 61,817 870 899 1,085 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 630 (S) (S) 1,458 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 505 77 137 2,388 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) 3 (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,179 288 198 233** See footnotes at end of table.

## 68 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 503,333 81,203 29,489 532**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **423,180 73,983 24,587 256** Truck2**.............................................................................** 388,166 70,972 21,270 236

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 219,435 28,679 17,691 675 Private truck **.....................................................................** 168,731 42,293 3,579 46 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) 2,852 (S) 950 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 5,221 152 185 1,170 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **55,559 3,684 4,062 1,110** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 47,673 2,265 1,714 1,110 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 7,216 1,278 2,130 1,063 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 658 141 216 2,766 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **24,594 3,536 839 78 4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **74,305 23,358 12,730 663 Single modes**  **................................................................ 60,954 20,933 10,520 330**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 60,633 20,845 10,332 327

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 26,322 7,782 8,723 951 Private truck **.....................................................................** 34,311 13,063 1,609 83 Rail **..............................................................................** 198 71 165 1,055 Water**.............................................................................** 6 (S) (S) 232

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 6 (S) (S) 232 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,727 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **10,234 1,199 1,370 1,043** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 9,657 946 972 1,043 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 383 157 241 904 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 156 61 (S) 1,436 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **3,117 1,226 (S) 172** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 69 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 153,528 498,825 43,488 141**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **144,605 483,232 36,418 101** Truck2**.............................................................................** 143,970 481,804 35,009 99

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 36,709 190,024 23,082 316 Private truck **.....................................................................** 107,261 291,780 11,927 55 Rail **..............................................................................** 489 1,396 1,388 (S) Water**.............................................................................** 39 18 5 453

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 39 18 5 453 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 107 13 16 1,898 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **4,180 (S) 6,438 675** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 2,349 172 90 670 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 1,120 (S) (S) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** 696 765 1,818 1,710 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** 16 11 (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **4,743 8,701 633 40 4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **397,976 21,817 9,088 716 Single modes**  **................................................................ 201,761 17,050 6,462 440**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 181,535 16,842 6,112 338

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 106,636 6,702 5,256 789 Private truck **.....................................................................** 74,899 10,140 856 69 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Water**.............................................................................** 8 1 (Z) 164

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 8 1 (Z) 164 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 20,194 207 349 1,126 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **185,772 3,470 2,371 813** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 184,657 3,429 2,246 812 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 95 (S) 11 1,491 Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **10,442 1,297 255 109** See footnotes at end of table.

## 70 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 191,673 182,041 43,016 192**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **180,193 173,197 34,760 132** Truck2**.............................................................................** 176,011 130,219 25,696 130

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 89,986 70,664 19,816 353 Private truck **.....................................................................** 86,026 59,554 5,880 65 Rail **..............................................................................** 2,017 5,231 (S) 341 Water**.............................................................................** 1,456 37,693 6,236 (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 1,445 37,690 6,233 157 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 11 3 (S) 1,190 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) 912 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **6,815 6,793 7,876 543** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 4,478 357 161 540 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 1,468 1,014 (S) 863 Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,730 Rail and water**......................................................................** 176 (S) (S) 1,168 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 94 965 1,820 2,156 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **4,665 2,051 381 37 4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **338,597 24,469 11,663 474 Single modes**  **................................................................ 209,655 19,401 9,111 208**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 179,186 18,532 7,637 157

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 106,395 9,700 7,124 660 Private truck **.....................................................................** 72,791 8,832 513 32 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) 715 1,242 (S) Water**.............................................................................** (S) 7 (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) 7 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 24,979 148 228 1,296 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **111,937 2,198 2,219 822** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 109,160 1,887 1,510 822 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) 192 (S) 1,584 Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) 120 (S) (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **17,004 2,870 333 50** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 71 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 119,464 28,474 5,563 213**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **91,740 24,036 4,468 109** Truck2**.............................................................................** 91,046 23,979 4,365 103

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 26,982 6,911 3,040 484 Private truck **.....................................................................** 64,065 17,069 1,325 40 Rail **..............................................................................** 183 22 30 (S) Water**.............................................................................** 5 1 (S) 1,625

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 5 1 (S) 1,625 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 506 (S) (S) 1,122 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **18,647 812 509 528** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 18,152 703 383 528 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 328 86 88 (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** 165 23 39 1,757 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 382 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **9,077 3,625 (S) 23 4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **363,108 74,069 16,716 322 Single modes**  **................................................................ 240,858 66,976 14,430 141**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 233,192 66,651 14,249 122

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 113,842 30,176 11,491 482 Private truck **.....................................................................** 119,350 36,476 2,758 42 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) 36 15 (S) Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,291

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 29 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,483 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 6,976 70 80 1,078 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **106,143 2,982 1,512 477** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 101,963 2,203 1,106 475 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,579 (S) 85 1,003 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,404 (S) 200 2,458 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 5,363 Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **16,107 4,111 774 52** See footnotes at end of table.

## 72 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027 911**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **140,167 399,440 69,188 426** Truck2**.............................................................................** 125,541 359,428 53,504 397

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 78,198 155,787 39,847 899 Private truck **.....................................................................** 47,343 203,641 13,656 69 Rail **..............................................................................** 9,375 35,163 13,654 410 Water**.............................................................................** 1,251 4,782 1,932 1,242

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 932 3,581 1,733 329 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 4,000 67 98 1,288 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **63,751 22,601 23,254 1,138** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 55,202 1,168 1,213 1,138 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 5,175 14,097 10,740 952 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 3,028 6,177 (S) 1,447 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 307 (S) 331 (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **6,443 4,848 585 125 4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **100,860 50,888 15,513 282 Single modes**  **................................................................ 84,260 45,890 12,427 179**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 82,446 41,218 8,988 175

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 22,260 14,547 7,202 707 Private truck **.....................................................................** 60,186 26,672 1,786 88 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 720 Water**.............................................................................** 3 (Z) (Z) 200

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 3 (Z) (Z) 200 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 818 21 (S) 1,338 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **14,367 (S) (S) 580** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 11,614 948 484 579 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 735 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 179 172 186 1,650 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,233 936 (S) 91** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 73 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611 478**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **257,241 21,328 8,292 229** Truck2**.............................................................................** 253,143 21,188 8,119 215

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 182,513 8,696 6,594 413 Private truck **.....................................................................** 70,629 12,492 1,525 60 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 948 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 224

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 224 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 3,987 (S) (S) 1,212 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **149,575 1,649 991 631** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 149,038 1,587 865 632 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) 53 (S) 645 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,448 430 328 (S) 4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **119,239 9,468 8,484 933 Single modes**  **................................................................ 67,677 7,326 6,553 931**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 66,736 7,279 6,494 921

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 53,200 5,502 6,288 1,089 Private truck **.....................................................................** 13,535 1,777 206 196 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 4 (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 833 26 38 1,182 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **47,558 1,691 1,685 963** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 45,997 1,564 1,414 962 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 941 90 186 1,984 Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,835 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **4,005 451 245 222** See footnotes at end of table.

## 74 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 567,732 321,626 81,594 109**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **557,533 316,565 73,268 85** Truck2**.............................................................................** 554,608 314,826 70,205 83

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 115,429 75,691 48,540 449 Private truck **.....................................................................** 439,179 239,135 21,665 60 Rail **..............................................................................** 1,579 1,401 2,589 826 Water**.............................................................................** 268 140 120 (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** 231 101 119 741 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 1,078 197 (S) 1,610 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **6,036 2,515 (S) 1,030** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 2,399 211 155 1,016 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 1,041 742 1,174 1,095 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 2,548 1,541 (S) 1,601 Rail and water**......................................................................** 24 16 52 4,050 Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **4,164 2,546 768 76 4245 Farm Product Raw Materials Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **143,358 623,826 240,207 145 Single modes**  **................................................................ 126,167 567,812 205,008 116**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 79,392 312,891 30,560 96

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 42,078 152,130 22,222 204 Private truck **.....................................................................** 37,314 160,761 8,338 47 Rail **..............................................................................** 30,037 166,199 114,955 788 Water**.............................................................................** 16,436 87,688 59,491 992

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 14,519 79,266 58,737 1,006 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft **......................................................................** 1,820 7,993 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,300 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **14,294 44,931 34,491 721** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 798 25 (S) 631 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 8,062 16,211 17,986 1,076 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,461 6,859 (S) (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** 1,425 9,586 4,378 534 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 2,547 12,249 9,554 865 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **2,896 (S) 708 (S)** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 75 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344 237**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **107,399 115,573 27,125 140** Truck2**.............................................................................** 104,847 108,295 22,873 136

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 51,867 37,005 15,729 465 Private truck **.....................................................................** 52,980 71,290 7,144 50 Rail **..............................................................................** 1,924 (S) (S) 509 Water**.............................................................................** 224 398 (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 77 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) 126 (S) 1,243 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 404 31 (S) 1,278 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **10,574 2,442 3,290 626** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 7,894 393 204 620 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,090 1,847 2,372 1,316 Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) 98 (S) 2,517 Rail and water**......................................................................** 30 14 64 4,047 Other multiple modes **................................................................** (S) 90 (S) 5,964 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **1,951 1,955 929 53 4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **610,759 846,636 52,112 70 Single modes**  **................................................................ 599,544 828,201 48,505 50**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 561,488 765,001 40,125 48

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 216,531 302,007 20,306 88 Private truck **.....................................................................** 344,956 462,994 19,819 39 Rail **..............................................................................** 5,877 6,047 5,138 582 Water**.............................................................................** 14,216 28,589 2,042 362

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 13,174 26,683 731 (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 908 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) 465 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 17,615 28,256 (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **6,968 13,253 3,006 380** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) 378 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 876 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,185 2,616 (S) (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 419 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 3,558 8,918 353 39 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **4,248 5,182 601 (S)** See footnotes at end of table.

## 76 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 100,154 55,667 3,194 40**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **99,172 55,306 2,765 39** Truck2**.............................................................................** 99,035 55,194 2,614 39

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 8,232 2,588 1,127 216 Private truck **.....................................................................** 90,804 52,606 1,487 32 Rail **..............................................................................** 128 110 150 (S) Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 217

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 217 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) 1 1,807 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 232 (S) 725**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 99 (S) 5 707 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** 55 (S) (S) 742 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 3 (S)**  **4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **................................................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260 481**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **191,547 178,768 46,863 155** Truck2**.............................................................................** 186,678 164,086 32,226 148

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 53,127 67,956 23,336 533 Private truck **.....................................................................** 133,551 96,130 8,890 64 Rail **..............................................................................** 2,958 12,522 12,583 803 Water**.............................................................................** (S) 4 1 210

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) 4 1 210 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 1,268 (S) 113 1,637 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 630 1,946 (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **21,298 11,810 13,062 956** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 17,312 948 876 956 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 2,811 6,370 5,892 952 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 858 (S) (S) 1,654 Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **3,585 2,319 336 89** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 77 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses Total**  **................................................................... 216,817 7,305 6,398 1,169**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **39,428 2,791 1,427 936** Truck2**.............................................................................** 35,015 2,740 1,336 826

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 25,573 1,595 1,220 1,211 Private truck **.....................................................................** 9,442 1,146 116 271 Rail **..............................................................................** 9 (S) (S) (S) Water**.............................................................................** ––––

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** –––– Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 4,404 48 91 1,629 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **170,297 4,328 4,904 1,190** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 170,229 4,320 4,889 1,190 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 2,880 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 185 67 699**  **45431 Fuel Dealers Total**  **................................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784 22**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **37,921 48,070 1,774 22** Truck2**.............................................................................** 37,712 47,803 1,772 22

For-hire truck **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Private truck **.....................................................................** 35,920 44,998 1,093 22 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) 1 (S) Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 14

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 2 (Z) 653**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** (S) 1 (Z) 658 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water**.....................................................................** –––– Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 367 10 13**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 78 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4931 Warehousing and Storage Total**  **................................................................... 903,398 187,219 46,335 833**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **823,575 181,632 41,534 529** Truck2**.............................................................................** 815,197 174,321 37,466 502

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 510,385 82,888 26,290 733 Private truck **.....................................................................** 304,812 91,433 11,176 122 Rail **..............................................................................** 1,786 2,180 1,430 850 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,041 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) 4 (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 3,919 109 166 1,273 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **74,570 3,825 3,517 941** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 69,236 1,540 1,227 941 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 3,301 1,662 1,590 604 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,665 (S) 465 1,565 Rail and water**......................................................................** 202 47 112 2,392 Other multiple modes **................................................................** 166 91 122 2,681 **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **5,252 1,762 (S) 599 5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers**  **Total ...................................................................**  **38,082 11,892 2,279 250 Single modes**  **................................................................ 26,967 11,103 1,783 38**  Truck2**.............................................................................** 26,672 11,067 1,755 35

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 15,021 4,328 1,550 (S) Private truck **.....................................................................** 11,651 6,739 205 18 Rail **..............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 801 Water**.............................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft **....................................................................** –––– Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** (S) (S) 18 1,193 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** –––– **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **10,372 537 468 494** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 9,894 516 443 494 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 425 20 22 680 Truck and water**.....................................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,973 Rail and water**......................................................................** –––– Other multiple modes **................................................................** –––– **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 252 28 561**  See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 79 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and mode of transportation Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices Total**  **................................................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199 784**  **Single modes ................................................................**  **350,317 215,392 70,355 340** Truck2**.............................................................................** 287,698 137,265 37,708 307

For-hire truck **....................................................................** 197,447 74,939 32,343 672 Private truck **.....................................................................** 90,251 62,326 5,365 91 Rail **..............................................................................** 27,012 45,541 29,065 1,292 Water**.............................................................................** 2,291 6,299 (S) 489

Shallow draft **....................................................................** 2,158 6,170 (S) 435 Great Lakes **.....................................................................** –––– Deep draft **......................................................................** (S) (S) 35 608 Air (includes truck and air) **.............................................................** 16,097 (S) 75 901 Pipeline 3 **...........................................................................** 17,219 26,157 (S) (S) **Multiple modes ...............................................................**  **68,259 20,900 8,869 967** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **....................................................** 56,945 914 826 967 Truck and rail **.......................................................................** 8,849 3,773 3,282 1,099 Truck and water**.....................................................................** 1,224 12,726 4,503 (S) Rail and water**......................................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes **................................................................** 1,076 1,742 149 (S) **Other and unknown modes .....................................................**  **9,704 13,970 976 (S)** – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 11. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 80 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas) Total**  **.......................................................... 85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 28,463 2,126,709 47,781 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 9,481 288,840 29,866 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 18,856 369,967 105,388 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 11,910 266,886 147,664 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 4,803 189,422 181,037 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 4,476 233,449 286,804 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 4,411 156,318 241,326 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,218 5,357 11,301 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 1,111 1,170 6,338 **311 Food Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 585,676 568,950 264,425**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 127,799 174,591 5,780 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 56,054 64,187 6,309 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 100,811 99,948 21,754 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 101,761 83,450 40,198 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 73,723 59,578 48,462 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 45,329 32,247 35,595 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 43,946 32,519 51,889 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 22,703 13,820 30,199 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 13,550 8,610 24,239 **312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 129,804 143,530 42,063**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 59,337 49,980 1,122 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 10,633 19,729 1,915 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 19,401 33,379 7,103 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 18,806 23,973 10,307 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 8,004 6,274 4,869 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 4,835 4,527 5,041 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 2,666 2,488 3,441 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,670 1,619 3,488 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 3,451 1,561 4,777 **313 Textile Mills Total**  **.......................................................... 35,936 8,989 4,133**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 8,725 2,235 63 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 3,095 1,086 114 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 6,628 1,930 446 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 5,620 1,393 639 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 4,863 1,089 865 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 2,371 505 543 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 2,245 362 530 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 1,090 173 375 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 1,299 216 558 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 81 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **314 Textile Product Mills Total**  **.......................................................... 28,448 7,022 3,131**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 9,204 3,210 50 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 1,256 387 35 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 2,683 541 123 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 4,476 907 445 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 3,758 779 604 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 2,488 482 506 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 1,823 342 484 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 1,542 200 421 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 1,217 175 465 **315 Apparel Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 24,381 1,463 1,400**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 4,791 246 5 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 1,607 44 4 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 2,033 154 33 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 2,821 262 123 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 2,888 175 132 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 2,400 74 78 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 3,059 246 401 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,143 86 174 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,640 (S) (S) **316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 5,441 636 789**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 33 (Z) 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 8 1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 58 14 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 70 31 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927 81 62 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 43 45 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989 272 449 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 28 60 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 (S) (S) **321 Wood Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 100,923 218,834 78,742**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 25,601 74,336 2,718 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 12,174 39,700 4,035 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 20,478 44,483 9,879 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 16,588 26,978 12,890 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 8,257 11,799 9,775 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 6,734 7,423 8,725 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 5,150 6,141 10,184 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 3,630 5,125 11,992 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,312 2,848 8,546 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 82 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **322 Paper Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 174,780 166,472 89,418**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 34,242 32,803 871 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 15,036 15,845 1,584 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 30,660 31,526 7,416 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 36,249 33,899 16,760 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 24,114 22,981 18,638 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 16,527 15,111 16,899 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 9,283 8,293 13,025 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 6,276 4,575 10,205 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,393 1,439 4,021 **323 Printing and Related Support Activities Total**  **.......................................................... 98,848 33,661 15,936**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 31,699 8,434 199 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 7,552 3,598 377 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 14,215 6,268 1,357 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 14,137 6,103 2,844 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 10,856 3,908 2,991 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 6,596 2,063 2,189 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 6,613 1,892 2,707 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 4,107 944 2,027 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 3,073 451 1,244 **324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 608,090 1,415,099 207,148**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 363,900 904,873 16,414 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 70,230 139,840 12,975 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 86,614 186,136 38,812 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 45,393 105,720 46,375 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 19,087 37,262 31,461 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 11,179 23,992 28,772 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 9,407 14,970 24,677 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 1,828 1,800 5,364 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 505 (S) **325 Chemical Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 713,674 594,262 279,917**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 175,854 187,559 4,566 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 47,343 61,642 6,347 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 93,720 101,947 22,466 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 132,462 87,789 43,853 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 90,619 55,617 45,924 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 63,345 42,703 50,527 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 57,572 40,962 67,503 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 34,579 11,667 26,255 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 18,179 4,376 12,476 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 83 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 209,268 66,753 37,394**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 36,697 12,934 375 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 16,197 5,716 563 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 35,087 11,698 2,680 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 43,457 14,202 6,647 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 29,936 9,291 7,130 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 17,167 4,991 5,322 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 16,087 4,382 6,345 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 8,416 2,195 4,702 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 6,224 1,344 3,630 **327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 124,713 1,060,926 98,086**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 53,721 796,412 14,463 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 12,351 82,342 7,915 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 21,760 113,384 25,024 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 15,117 39,645 18,268 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 8,495 16,040 13,028 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 4,872 6,039 6,826 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 3,790 4,722 6,979 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,364 1,344 2,778 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,246 998 2,805 **331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 251,412 201,339 98,318**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 42,188 38,862 891 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 15,632 14,456 1,372 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 52,086 50,190 11,952 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 61,892 48,507 23,789 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 30,133 22,599 18,236 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 17,059 12,058 14,351 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 17,125 9,190 14,538 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 8,949 3,941 9,000 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 6,349 1,537 4,188 **332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 338,290 118,350 44,620**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 86,011 38,854 966 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 25,992 12,576 1,231 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 55,925 23,038 5,100 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 58,762 20,549 9,646 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 37,051 9,846 7,432 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 24,733 5,473 5,903 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 26,566 5,220 7,762 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 12,728 1,909 4,097 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 10,521 884 2,483 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 84 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **333 Machinery Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 343,262 40,523 31,565**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 43,588 5,466 154 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 17,621 2,504 263 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 46,780 5,950 1,419 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 63,786 7,889 3,837 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 49,440 5,607 4,524 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 42,454 4,859 5,222 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 43,674 4,573 6,821 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 19,656 1,722 3,854 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 16,263 1,952 5,470 **334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 389,399 5,416 4,442**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 80,219 934 35 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 15,824 291 33 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 37,015 497 132 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 49,633 931 445 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 45,216 792 609 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 35,816 609 671 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 49,901 760 1,064 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 34,757 320 683 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 41,018 281 771 **335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 128,868 18,771 15,436**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 14,469 2,383 58 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 5,768 725 75 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 14,366 2,273 525 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 23,618 3,658 1,757 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 21,983 3,347 2,609 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 15,324 2,122 2,258 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 15,516 2,096 3,095 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 9,818 1,263 2,618 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 8,006 905 2,441 **336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 715,294 94,023 45,264**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 168,871 28,705 673 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 35,710 6,667 619 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 99,906 17,379 4,009 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 123,402 16,909 8,106 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 87,977 9,405 7,262 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 56,512 5,066 5,488 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 63,055 5,146 7,816 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 58,341 3,626 8,197 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 21,520 1,120 3,093 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 85 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 83,494 18,700 11,480**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 17,407 3,465 86 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 5,874 1,378 134 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 11,861 2,761 640 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 15,675 3,854 1,805 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 13,105 3,061 2,341 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 6,982 1,646 1,776 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 5,532 1,424 2,072 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 4,527 741 1,566 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,531 370 1,062 **339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total**  **.......................................................... 144,279 10,941 9,350**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 18,625 1,629 40 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 5,538 337 34 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 15,951 1,190 297 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 20,011 1,405 682 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 19,663 2,332 1,843 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 15,249 1,289 1,411 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 19,773 1,771 2,682 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 16,104 544 1,147 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 13,365 444 1,213 **4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 503,333 81,203 29,489**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 162,866 39,366 980 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 52,249 7,495 716 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 84,229 10,616 2,346 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 79,496 8,758 3,958 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 37,976 4,634 3,577 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 26,472 3,059 3,303 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 15,540 2,892 4,255 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 18,283 2,777 5,927 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 26,222 1,606 4,427 **4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 74,305 23,358 12,730**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 25,607 8,614 222 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 6,989 2,526 242 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 9,307 3,402 684 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 8,097 2,443 1,071 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 6,275 1,417 1,086 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 5,086 938 1,010 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 4,926 1,176 1,795 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 3,611 1,683 3,490 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 4,407 1,159 3,131 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 86 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 153,528 498,825 43,488**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 90,627 401,076 8,353 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 22,883 39,536 3,706 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 21,710 32,958 6,568 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 7,582 10,665 4,814 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 3,192 5,020 4,175 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 2,842 3,183 3,504 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 2,238 3,616 5,043 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 1,023 1,224 2,763 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 1,433 1,549 4,562 **4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 397,976 21,817 9,088**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 101,368 8,794 226 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 27,720 3,004 274 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 51,535 3,500 709 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 53,029 2,080 906 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 35,433 1,196 922 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 33,306 800 856 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 30,726 833 1,209 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 31,598 748 1,575 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 33,262 863 2,412 **4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 191,673 182,041 43,016**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 75,523 68,856 1,941 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 26,648 35,041 3,560 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 40,168 47,788 10,668 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 23,498 16,529 7,690 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 9,512 4,819 3,648 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 4,728 4,977 7,548 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 6,397 2,675 4,494 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,373 631 1,306 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,826 725 2,160 **4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 338,597 24,469 11,663**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 124,879 11,711 254 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 17,164 1,610 159 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 35,592 3,069 678 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 26,369 1,641 765 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 25,457 1,584 1,233 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 19,325 1,541 1,644 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 31,563 1,269 1,971 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 33,878 1,385 3,115 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 24,369 660 1,843 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 87 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 119,464 28,474 5,563**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 65,441 16,404 419 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 12,213 3,364 341 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 14,532 3,479 743 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 10,994 3,189 1,462 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 5,514 776 590 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 3,212 517 547 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 3,206 328 480 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,312 247 521 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,041 169 461 **4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 363,108 74,069 16,716**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 155,014 44,399 1,154 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 36,028 7,899 757 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 52,837 9,036 1,922 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 39,997 5,303 2,408 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 22,666 2,384 1,820 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 16,686 1,402 1,526 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 19,907 1,705 2,644 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 10,571 1,304 2,728 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 9,402 636 1,759 **4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 210,361 426,888 93,027**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 64,705 241,164 6,429 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 17,204 67,745 6,215 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 28,578 49,259 10,877 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 28,851 34,542 17,001 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 17,434 13,661 11,385 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 11,763 6,718 7,457 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 18,501 5,342 8,298 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 9,203 2,827 6,295 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 14,123 5,630 19,069 **4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 100,860 50,888 15,513**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 53,218 24,688 596 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 10,324 4,459 424 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 13,797 6,881 1,480 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 7,038 5,007 2,487 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 4,977 4,686 3,539 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 3,431 3,258 3,311 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 3,504 899 1,272 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 3,084 568 1,191 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 1,486 442 1,214 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 88 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 409,264 23,407 9,611**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 113,961 6,676 282 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 57,577 3,853 364 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 103,378 4,996 1,086 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 52,698 2,793 1,281 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 27,553 2,184 1,764 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 17,381 811 870 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 17,314 1,138 1,687 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 8,610 484 982 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 10,790 471 1,296 **4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 119,239 9,468 8,484**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 20,201 2,772 47 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 7,630 466 45 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 13,127 835 178 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 14,627 816 379 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 15,020 1,009 762 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 8,775 482 503 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 14,736 814 1,177 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 8,286 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 16,838 1,020 2,776 **4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 567,732 321,626 81,594**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 275,343 162,770 4,030 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 90,665 49,496 4,683 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 104,908 53,455 10,797 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 40,747 22,011 9,541 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 15,829 8,910 6,976 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 11,945 7,979 8,658 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 12,316 7,853 12,020 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 8,232 5,002 10,898 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 7,748 4,149 13,991 **4245 Farm Product Raw Materials Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 143,358 623,826 240,207**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 62,534 313,989 8,370 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 11,361 54,761 4,969 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 14,631 53,436 14,229 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 14,991 66,689 39,120 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 12,387 52,241 46,594 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 8,468 37,310 47,857 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 10,843 38,164 64,636 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,656 4,413 5,737 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 2,823 (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 89 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 119,923 119,971 31,344**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 44,769 53,707 1,692 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 14,987 18,280 1,819 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 20,463 23,234 4,920 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 13,892 11,046 4,988 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 7,201 4,719 3,801 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 6,740 4,205 4,571 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 6,231 2,801 4,288 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 2,670 1,044 2,631 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 2,971 934 2,635 **4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 610,759 846,636 52,112**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 483,011 687,745 14,626 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 64,262 88,654 7,904 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 35,430 44,149 8,619 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 12,930 12,743 5,614 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 5,542 5,869 4,610 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 4,337 3,930 4,340 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 4,077 2,884 4,657 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 1,044 544 1,350 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 (S) (S) **4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 100,154 55,667 3,194**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 84,480 50,070 1,034 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 7,826 3,287 285 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 4,547 1,254 235 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 225 95 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 181 166 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 103 116 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 191 319 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 109 234 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 247 710 **4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers Total**  **.......................................................... 216,429 192,897 60,260**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 78,544 83,919 2,393 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 33,484 30,029 3,000 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 47,943 32,936 6,992 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 18,444 13,613 6,509 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 11,002 9,812 8,106 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 9,115 12,305 14,606 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 10,940 8,013 12,839 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 3,093 746 1,550 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 3,864 1,523 4,266 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 90 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses Total**  **.......................................................... 216,817 7,305 6,398**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 30,512 1,326 33 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 9,633 629 58 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 19,800 619 147 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 28,708 962 458 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 26,489 972 760 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 23,713 733 788 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 31,237 915 1,334 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 19,928 518 1,081 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 26,798 630 1,738 **45431 Fuel Dealers Total**  **.......................................................... 38,220 48,438 1,784**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 35,366 44,476 760 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 1,036 1,396 121 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 1,080 248 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles ........................................................ – – – 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **4931 Warehousing and Storage Total**  **.......................................................... 903,398 187,219 46,335**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 161,327 66,696 1,971 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 116,633 34,938 3,458 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 205,078 45,265 9,519 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 183,101 21,482 9,504 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 87,016 10,170 8,462 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 62,149 3,341 3,541 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 32,982 2,677 3,770 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 39,554 1,720 3,605 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 15,557 931 2,504 **5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers Total**  **.......................................................... 38,082 11,892 2,279**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 15,373 8,401 170 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 2,255 710 63 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 2,851 849 213 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 4,339 813 371 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 3,664 398 292 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 2,743 252 267 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 3,706 209 292 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 1,488 169 364 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 1,662 92 248 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 91 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and distance shipped Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) **551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices Total**  **.......................................................... 428,280 250,262 80,199**  Less than 50 miles
.......................................................... 95,087 106,468 2,868 50 to 99 miles
............................................................. 36,235 34,112 3,682 100 to 249 miles
........................................................... 64,017 48,523 14,240 250 to 499 miles
........................................................... 68,603 24,747 11,207 500 to 749 miles
........................................................... 43,976 10,956 8,988 750 to 999 miles
........................................................... 35,208 13,055 14,819 1,000 to 1,499 miles
........................................................ 40,678 6,779 10,641 1,500 to 1,999 miles
........................................................ 24,141 3,114 6,714 2,000 miles or more
......................................................... 20,333 2,506 7,040 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 12. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 92 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas)**  **Total .....................................................**  **85,730 3,638,118 1,057,505 53** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 139 3 (Z) 220 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** (S) 2 (S) 158 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 1,027 27 2 57 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** (S) 25 1 (S) 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** (S) 34 (S) 50 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** (S) 8,163 299 41 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 24,095 1,332,052 57,545 41 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 11,586 651,900 35,811 55 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 44,289 1,645,914 963,845 371 **311 Food Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **585,676 568,950 264,425 305** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 3,861 538 123 365 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 1,988 459 52 114 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 7,857 2,844 409 135 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 3,671 1,530 311 203 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,397 1,510 324 213 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 67,832 32,873 11,348 323 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 429,125 329,214 150,566 451 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 30,691 97,076 15,790 160 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 37,253 102,907 85,503 934 **312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **129,804 143,530 42,063 227** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 641 41 25 524 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 242 53 6 115 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 1,459 732 42 60 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 690 441 34 (S) 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 736 338 28 81 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 7,895 5,177 795 133 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 107,927 120,281 35,059 285 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 7,588 12,709 2,751 207 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 2,623 3,758 3,323 907 **313 Textile Mills**  **Total .....................................................**  **35,936 8,989 4,133 811** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 1,166 22 21 959 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 483 18 14 755 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 2,226 128 89 705 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 1,032 75 52 679 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 701 65 42 640 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 9,299 1,357 745 563 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 20,301 6,865 3,093 454 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 223 88 32 377 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 506 370 45 (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 93 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **314 Textile Product Mills**  **Total .....................................................**  **28,448 7,022 3,131 854** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 2,675 105 95 960 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 981 49 40 820 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 2,905 253 166 712 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 1,395 342 67 (S) 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 861 197 47 233 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 7,799 1,645 963 509 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 11,457 3,876 1,602 470 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 293 254 119 474 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) 31 (S) **315 Apparel Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **24,381 1,463 1,400 1,224** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 5,448 79 97 1,256 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 1,265 50 (S) 1,222 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 3,462 114 113 995 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 895 33 23 703 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 561 26 22 825 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 8,461 442 342 729 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 4,080 418 298 616 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 27 (S) (S) 1,182 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **5,441 636 789 1,118** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 1,171 25 27 1,135 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 385 11 10 922 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 865 45 51 1,109 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 276 23 20 850 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 201 (S) (S) 909 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 1,181 125 (S) 1,274 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 1,150 276 368 1,243 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 36 18 23 1,306 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,198 **321 Wood Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **100,923 218,834 78,742 343** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 856 36 21 634 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 685 55 22 389 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 2,997 440 130 297 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 1,070 234 50 208 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 936 230 71 306 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 13,868 8,655 1,598 203 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 59,857 118,293 34,944 272 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 11,983 60,839 10,391 166 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 8,671 30,051 31,516 1,130 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 94 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **322 Paper Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **174,780 166,472 89,418 494** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 1,354 53 42 788 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 583 45 31 696 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 2,894 463 197 465 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 1,469 370 123 334 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 1,225 379 113 297 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 25,307 13,063 3,558 277 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 117,767 109,157 53,024 438 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 4,245 7,470 2,696 320 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 19,935 35,473 29,635 855 **323 Printing and Related Support Activities**  **Total .....................................................**  **98,848 33,661 15,936 791** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 18,456 593 387 838 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 4,445 242 124 507 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 13,798 1,095 544 482 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 3,783 526 241 455 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 2,834 430 200 461 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 25,631 7,182 2,815 411 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 29,089 21,027 10,309 457 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 450 558 276 504 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 361 (S) (S) 457 **324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **608,090 1,415,099 207,148 222** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** (S) (S) (S) 840 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** (S) 15 13 857 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** (S) 113 73 703 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 126 50 29 579 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 195 91 42 456 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 5,404 6,994 952 175 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 75,121 333,020 28,745 84 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 48,703 163,138 13,760 82 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 477,329 911,651 163,513 404 **325 Chemical Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **713,674 594,262 279,917 847** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 37,389 239 229 1,093 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 9,024 163 140 853 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 31,378 1,056 713 686 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 9,529 656 395 600 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 6,348 594 383 641 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 99,221 17,154 8,541 532 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 305,588 242,408 88,302 378 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 21,305 47,558 9,293 184 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 193,893 284,435 171,921 788 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 95 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **209,268 66,753 37,394 679** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 6,480 123 103 881 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 3,021 141 106 755 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 13,830 1,174 725 626 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 6,027 676 409 604 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 4,580 623 342 545 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 78,766 21,382 9,361 457 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 94,111 39,167 24,500 603 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 1,719 2,050 1,044 524 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 734 1,416 804 533 **327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **124,713 1,060,926 98,086 170** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 2,789 53 33 692 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 814 49 25 508 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 3,838 449 189 435 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 1,519 251 89 356 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 1,009 231 73 316 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 13,498 18,654 2,277 153 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 80,000 750,969 53,410 66 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 14,890 190,967 17,541 94 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 6,358 99,302 24,449 264 **331 Primary Metal Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **251,412 201,339 98,318 545** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 4,855 28 20 735 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 2,152 31 23 737 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 6,241 214 131 610 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 2,060 131 73 562 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 1,762 140 74 524 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 26,951 4,395 2,258 529 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 146,577 115,186 45,591 405 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 16,882 21,229 4,475 207 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 43,933 59,987 45,674 741 **332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **338,290 118,350 44,620 596** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 38,567 376 252 696 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 12,145 343 212 614 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 37,348 2,320 1,245 534 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 12,350 1,248 646 517 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 8,681 1,070 523 484 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 91,423 22,220 8,341 398 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 124,946 74,349 26,121 337 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 7,083 7,936 1,669 205 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 5,748 8,488 5,611 704 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 96 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **333 Machinery Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **343,262 40,523 31,565 917** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 40,356 324 300 972 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 12,507 241 209 869 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 36,203 1,318 1,032 789 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 11,601 672 499 742 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 8,754 523 421 803 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 86,056 8,605 6,149 728 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 121,411 23,611 17,178 763 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 14,985 3,040 2,767 895 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 11,389 2,188 3,010 1,095 **334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **389,399 5,416 4,442 1,205** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 134,334 339 399 1,232 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 38,912 145 148 1,034 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 82,650 595 591 1,012 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 21,104 221 196 891 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 10,376 147 146 998 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 59,696 1,427 1,262 903 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 41,264 1,947 1,223 633 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 778 (S) 324 835 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) 180 153 833 **335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **128,868 18,771 15,436 938** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 13,096 128 127 1,026 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 4,685 98 94 960 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 17,718 828 659 746 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 5,140 306 261 849 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,777 243 203 829 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 31,413 3,464 2,974 872 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 49,789 12,256 10,119 822 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 1,674 415 353 852 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 1,575 1,033 645 1,075 **336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **715,294 94,023 45,264 801** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 40,762 197 184 963 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 9,541 115 99 858 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 38,306 763 559 747 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 14,005 539 362 656 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 10,796 408 265 647 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 250,147 27,338 13,154 505 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 281,175 54,091 24,849 460 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 33,357 5,657 2,691 514 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 37,206 4,915 3,102 692 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 97 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **337 Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **83,494 18,700 11,480 715** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 3,016 126 111 832 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 1,861 140 108 778 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 9,957 1,185 778 669 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 4,162 594 340 571 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,311 546 290 528 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 38,038 7,160 3,980 555 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 22,013 7,823 4,950 627 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 700 565 383 690 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 435 (S) (S) 772 **339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing**  **Total .....................................................**  **144,279 10,941 9,350 1,017** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 58,381 443 461 1,030 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 8,065 185 178 953 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 18,317 719 652 917 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 5,077 286 274 959 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,221 208 171 819 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 31,039 3,150 2,425 803 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 19,421 5,022 4,022 771 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 575 (S) (S) 1,357 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 183 141 103 1,078 **4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **503,333 81,203 29,489 532** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 81,305 2,861 1,139 592 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 31,633 2,222 838 392 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 104,716 9,524 3,061 330 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 23,043 2,611 736 281 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 12,451 1,934 475 243 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 93,439 17,570 6,567 324 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 142,173 39,995 14,537 385 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 4,909 2,881 950 (S) 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 9,664 1,604 1,185 736 **4232 Furniture and Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **74,305 23,358 12,730 663** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 6,559 414 353 789 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 3,925 419 278 657 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 11,922 1,985 939 517 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 4,381 1,031 361 348 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,158 822 289 350 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 26,975 8,742 3,078 324 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 15,673 7,698 4,234 562 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 574 669 (S) 649 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) 1,304 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 98 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **153,528 498,825 43,488 141** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 4,828 284 59 244 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 3,259 396 65 169 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 14,207 2,936 350 125 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 5,871 1,673 178 106 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 4,359 1,560 143 92 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 52,342 43,884 3,686 86 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 54,205 294,711 20,581 67 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 11,770 122,267 9,240 73 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 2,688 31,115 9,186 302 **4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **397,976 21,817 9,088 716** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 148,425 1,730 1,166 770 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 33,627 970 473 491 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 89,875 3,856 1,472 384 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 17,392 1,093 396 360 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 11,847 1,115 (S) 660 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 74,388 8,748 3,115 430 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 22,125 3,952 1,557 406 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** (S) 190 (S) 526 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 53 (S) 38 (S) **4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **191,673 182,041 43,016 192** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 4,457 209 54 267 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 2,683 287 57 196 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 13,464 2,609 384 148 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 5,519 1,550 240 152 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 4,511 1,332 202 151 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 56,055 27,540 4,044 148 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 87,875 77,963 17,888 205 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 8,296 15,125 2,333 145 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 8,814 55,426 17,813 356 **4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **338,597 24,469 11,663 474** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 112,262 1,476 674 497 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 30,401 907 378 405 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 68,638 3,457 1,192 340 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 13,829 1,117 362 324 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 13,698 988 476 469 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 58,824 6,717 3,035 405 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 38,732 7,952 4,425 543 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 1,225 752 239 (S) 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) 1,103 (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 99 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Merchant**  **Wholesalers Total**  **..................................................... 119,464 28,474 5,563 213**  Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 22,908 757 168 226 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 8,910 632 116 185 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 29,390 3,020 500 165 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 8,293 1,169 223 188 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 5,344 835 223 259 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 31,263 8,606 1,956 238 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 11,409 5,914 1,426 235 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 235 851 (S) 94 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) 6,691 (S) 331 **4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **363,108 74,069 16,716 322** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 96,979 1,523 499 339 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 25,422 902 270 295 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 55,213 4,240 1,076 255 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 14,295 1,734 416 239 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 9,474 1,290 305 234 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 75,518 17,394 4,156 243 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 69,994 35,446 7,201 213 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 11,406 5,818 1,513 236 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 4,807 5,722 (S) 203 **4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **210,361 426,888 93,027 911** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 51,536 585 583 1,065 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 7,256 300 222 730 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 15,838 1,189 881 751 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 4,147 459 306 655 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 2,862 461 186 400 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 21,624 6,479 2,830 429 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 78,309 230,160 44,545 189 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 12,206 117,420 9,889 80 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 16,584 69,835 33,584 509 **4241 Paper and Paper Product Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **100,860 50,888 15,513 282** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 15,190 698 225 345 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 5,420 598 119 196 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 15,759 3,686 582 168 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 5,190 1,632 192 115 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,327 1,172 155 131 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 32,360 16,127 2,550 157 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 18,156 16,227 5,266 295 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 1,482 (S) (S) 380 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 3,976 6,625 4,631 739 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 100 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **409,264 23,407 9,611 478** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 161,174 1,090 415 482 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 46,378 534 233 446 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 82,784 1,601 763 429 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 11,478 472 299 624 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 9,944 311 220 722 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 55,927 7,587 3,270 573 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 39,703 10,423 3,698 303 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 355 431 (S) 308 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) 618 **4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **119,239 9,468 8,484 933** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 30,421 786 702 937 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 8,297 345 316 920 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 22,963 1,075 913 894 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 5,731 347 300 851 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,523 237 202 843 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 32,751 2,313 2,524 987 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 14,742 3,833 (S) 828 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 368 168 (S) 242 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 442 364 (S) 1,062 **4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **567,732 321,626 81,594 109** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 10,539 1,327 151 153 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 10,278 1,924 127 66 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 56,917 16,839 1,204 69 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 24,713 9,442 776 82 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 20,776 8,539 708 82 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 220,684 110,174 15,947 128 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 208,658 153,141 49,047 275 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 8,609 13,443 4,029 301 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 6,560 6,797 9,606 1,104 **4245 Farm Product Raw Materials Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **143,358 623,826 240,207 145** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** (S) 26 5 206 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 216 46 4 95 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 1,188 384 39 96 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 389 271 36 134 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 354 239 28 118 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 7,049 8,814 771 83 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 25,859 55,208 15,908 253 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 36,636 205,431 15,948 77 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 71,210 353,407 207,467 835 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 101 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4246 Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **119,923 119,971 31,344 237** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 6,321 295 75 314 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 4,337 306 69 227 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 12,994 2,550 452 182 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 4,667 1,388 191 140 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,596 1,102 182 165 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 35,680 19,005 3,412 177 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 45,705 68,454 19,268 266 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 2,814 10,420 1,414 138 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 3,808 16,451 6,279 494 **4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **610,759 846,636 52,112 70** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 1,438 167 (S) 175 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 903 210 20 89 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 5,670 2,759 157 63 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 2,535 1,998 100 50 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,743 2,765 141 50 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 58,641 61,605 2,951 49 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 178,158 242,395 16,720 61 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 315,263 454,802 21,589 47 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 44,407 79,935 10,406 261 **4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **100,154 55,667 3,194 40** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** (S) 214 12 51 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 2,209 439 19 43 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 16,540 5,719 219 39 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 7,176 3,386 121 36 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 6,221 3,200 102 32 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 48,410 31,818 1,116 35 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 15,561 10,130 1,574 103 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 727 544 23 42 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 173 217 (S) 29 **4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods Merchant Wholesalers**  **Total .....................................................**  **216,429 192,897 60,260 481** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 18,683 752 354 593 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 10,454 532 219 414 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 33,694 2,664 741 271 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 11,544 1,371 277 202 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 8,390 1,206 219 181 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 69,877 21,992 4,593 211 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 42,158 75,439 14,752 175 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 10,805 47,351 10,232 210 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 10,824 41,590 28,875 586 See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 102 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses**  **Total .....................................................**  **216,817 7,305 6,398 1,169** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 169,330 3,544 3,977 1,179 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 10,292 768 651 871 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 13,043 1,122 739 651 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 2,004 176 83 482 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 1,261 101 (S) 581 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 13,117 898 508 572 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 7,435 684 381 534 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 200 6 (Z) (S) 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) **45431 Fuel Dealers**  **Total .....................................................**  **38,220 48,438 1,784 22** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 168 69 1 23 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 306 165 3 20 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 4,172 3,386 86 24 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 3,092 3,459 80 24 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 3,776 4,564 91 20 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 19,618 26,111 608 20 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 4,679 7,033 (S) 46 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 2,211 3,399 (S) 124 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 199 251 4 19 **4931 Warehousing and Storage**  **Total .....................................................**  **903,398 187,219 46,335 833** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 48,181 848 734 948 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 14,908 447 266 607 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 54,329 2,543 967 402 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 16,039 1,072 425 388 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 14,173 770 364 470 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 211,490 19,387 7,021 405 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 529,710 129,791 29,387 239 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 9,928 19,820 1,950 97 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 4,639 12,542 5,220 452 **5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers**  **Total .....................................................**  **38,082 11,892 2,279 250** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 6,803 716 196 253 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 2,086 352 74 200 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 4,969 1,062 225 209 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 3,497 430 123 282 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 726 183 35 191 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 10,130 4,025 684 157 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 9,123 4,636 817 152 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 715 (S) (S) 267 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** (S) (S) (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 103 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census

NAICS code NAICS title and shipment weight Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Average miles per shipment **551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices**  **Total .....................................................**  **428,280 250,262 80,199 784** Less than 50 lb **.......................................................** 62,906 559 477 899 50 to 99 lb **...........................................................** 11,336 276 142 523 100 to 499 lb **.........................................................** 30,275 1,599 613 402 500 to 749 lb **.........................................................** 7,655 853 259 295 750 to 999 lb **.........................................................** 5,637 842 198 233 1,000 to 9,999 lb **......................................................** 92,539 13,621 4,477 317 10,000 to 49,999 lb **....................................................** 157,684 84,966 31,655 357 50,000 to 99,999 lb **....................................................** 14,333 39,509 6,889 181 100,000 lb or more **....................................................** 45,915 108,037 35,489 671 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 13. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## 104 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census Origin state Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Alabama
....................................................................................... 182,785 268,926 58,222 Alaska **.........................................................................................** 18,184 28,743 12,633 Arizona **........................................................................................** 164,820 175,439 24,207 Arkansas**.......................................................................................** 101,915 137,545 40,027 California**.......................................................................................** 1,341,220 900,817 180,976 Colorado **.......................................................................................** 125,093 153,635 76,804 Connecticut**.....................................................................................** 142,787 79,117 11,702 Delaware **.......................................................................................** 34,757 25,679 4,422 District of Columbia**...............................................................................** 2,876 4,505 57 Florida**.........................................................................................** 399,941 540,450 73,811 Georgia **........................................................................................** 377,718 372,777 70,173 Hawaii **.........................................................................................** 22,043 35,270 1,547 Idaho**..........................................................................................** 38,452 46,584 20,153 Illinois **..........................................................................................** 639,177 626,898 180,924 Indiana**.........................................................................................** 355,503 379,374 75,389 Iowa**...........................................................................................** 156,920 241,008 73,213 Kansas **.........................................................................................** 149,210 178,327 41,690 Kentucky **.......................................................................................** 241,879 408,434 111,257 Louisiana**.......................................................................................** 269,932 475,520 107,733 Maine **..........................................................................................** 30,893 42,786 9,826 Maryland **.......................................................................................** 131,252 127,630 16,713 Massachusetts **...................................................................................** 212,121 128,169 13,335 Michigan **.......................................................................................** 409,172 282,752 66,965 Minnesota **......................................................................................** 237,290 285,018 114,425 Mississippi **......................................................................................** 90,753 127,526 34,461 Missouri **........................................................................................** 225,954 305,184 77,099 Montana **........................................................................................** 21,583 85,244 62,620 Nebraska**.......................................................................................** 76,148 161,358 50,805 Nevada **........................................................................................** 53,126 62,780 9,531 New Hampshire **..................................................................................** 38,482 32,678 3,311 New Jersey **.....................................................................................** 422,581 230,155 37,087 New Mexico**.....................................................................................** 31,388 62,650 9,470 New York **.......................................................................................** 549,674 335,782 73,793 North Carolina**...................................................................................** 363,549 267,770 52,366 North Dakota**....................................................................................** 26,743 95,671 31,700 Ohio**...........................................................................................** 563,187 475,857 96,370 Oklahoma **......................................................................................** 116,806 184,134 40,620 Oregon **.........................................................................................** 146,886 184,738 49,849 Pennsylvania**....................................................................................** 489,415 500,393 88,690 Rhode Island **....................................................................................** 28,662 13,335 1,945 South Carolina**...................................................................................** 155,619 144,297 30,835 South Dakota**....................................................................................** 26,677 52,093 21,268 Tennessee **......................................................................................** 433,270 328,935 67,397 Texas**..........................................................................................** 1,166,608 1,338,753 252,819 Utah **...........................................................................................** 106,690 123,245 40,249 Vermont**........................................................................................** 17,919 16,034 3,643 Virginia **.........................................................................................** 194,444 246,958 50,629 Washington **.....................................................................................** 215,515 244,906 62,811 West Virginia **....................................................................................** 49,842 222,895 85,627 Wisconsin **......................................................................................** 263,658 203,766 64,301 Wyoming **.......................................................................................** 23,753 550,886 559,160 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 14. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Origin State for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States 105 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census Destination state Value (million dollars) Tons (thousands) Ton-miles 1 (millions) Alabama
....................................................................................... 188,538 290,505 79,480 Alaska **.........................................................................................** 30,663 28,152 6,990 Arizona **........................................................................................** 201,423 208,242 47,476 Arkansas**.......................................................................................** 112,095 148,880 56,530 California**.......................................................................................** 1,284,465 948,097 289,160 Colorado **.......................................................................................** 141,964 149,325 43,766 Connecticut**.....................................................................................** 118,778 81,337 13,898 Delaware **.......................................................................................** 36,648 49,786 8,199 District of Columbia**...............................................................................** 12,754 10,117 908 Florida**.........................................................................................** 556,389 612,664 138,473 Georgia **........................................................................................** 412,749 438,260 131,584 Hawaii **.........................................................................................** 32,434 37,601 9,068 Idaho**..........................................................................................** 40,932 54,582 15,320 Illinois **..........................................................................................** 580,172 602,160 191,496 Indiana**.........................................................................................** 306,031 386,891 82,232 Iowa**...........................................................................................** 142,422 225,931 52,187 Kansas **.........................................................................................** 123,483 188,068 55,662 Kentucky **.......................................................................................** 225,715 299,035 68,991 Louisiana**.......................................................................................** 274,285 508,908 158,834 Maine **..........................................................................................** 41,113 38,933 10,368 Maryland **.......................................................................................** 204,554 143,546 28,320 Massachusetts **...................................................................................** 196,256 137,134 24,294 Michigan **.......................................................................................** 417,856 314,613 100,645 Minnesota **......................................................................................** 199,361 246,404 64,962 Mississippi **......................................................................................** 104,336 145,240 42,479 Missouri **........................................................................................** 233,812 330,784 103,234 Montana **........................................................................................** 37,944 48,108 15,273 Nebraska**.......................................................................................** 64,028 152,229 27,175 Nevada **........................................................................................** 77,230 80,997 24,222 New Hampshire **..................................................................................** 40,331 39,640 6,368 New Jersey **.....................................................................................** 350,430 246,017 63,555 New Mexico**.....................................................................................** 46,576 52,718 12,317 New York **.......................................................................................** 597,413 365,002 80,186 North Carolina**...................................................................................** 337,081 312,827 76,840 North Dakota**....................................................................................** 29,598 82,605 14,723 Ohio**...........................................................................................** 493,087 538,925 118,380 Oklahoma **......................................................................................** 134,764 189,351 58,487 Oregon **.........................................................................................** 139,751 190,707 48,527 Pennsylvania**....................................................................................** 458,381 466,714 98,964 Rhode Island **....................................................................................** 28,211 16,965 3,067 South Carolina**...................................................................................** 167,816 181,223 52,324 South Dakota**....................................................................................** 27,787 48,181 11,018 Tennessee **......................................................................................** 265,778 309,899 61,908 Texas**..........................................................................................** 1,246,397 1,482,571 402,203 Utah **...........................................................................................** 102,179 104,616 25,883 Vermont**........................................................................................** 23,680 24,253 3,879 Virginia **.........................................................................................** 250,013 289,631 75,343 Washington **.....................................................................................** 229,033 264,855 103,313 West Virginia **....................................................................................** 54,125 99,360 15,176 Wisconsin **......................................................................................** 236,320 241,157 101,671 Wyoming **.......................................................................................** 27,689 89,678 19,302 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. Note: Value-of-shipments estimates have not been adjusted for price changes. Appendix B tables provide estimated measures of sa mpling variability. The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to this information on th e Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table 15. 

# Shipment Characteristics by Destination State for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States A-1 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Appendix A. 

# Comparability With Previous Commodity Flow Surveys

Commodity Classification System 1993 1997, 2002, and 2007 Standard Transportation Commodity Classification (STCC), developed by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG)


# Industry Coverage 1993 and 1997 2002 2007 Establishments classified based on the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. Establishments classified based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Establishments classified based on the 2002 NAICS. Publishers were covered—classified in Manufacturing Division. Publishers were not covered—classified in information sector. 1 

## Publishers were covered—classified in information sector. 1 

## Logging covered—under Manufacturing Division. Logging not covered. 2 

## Logging not covered. 2 

## Other Manufacturing (excluding Printing Trade Services [SIC 279]). Other manufacturing (excluding pre-press services [NAICS 323122]). Other manufacturing (excluding pre-press services [NAICS 323122]). Mining (except mining services [SICs 108, 124, 138, 148] and oil and gas extraction [SICs 131 and 132]). Mining (except support activities [NAICS 213] and oil and gas extraction [NAICS 211]). Mining (except support activities [NAICS 213] and oil and gas extraction [NAICS 211]). Wholesale (merchants and manufacturers' sales branches and government-owned liquor stores). Wholesale (merchants and manufacturers' sales branches and government-owned liquor stores). Wholesale (merchants and manufacturers' sales branches and government-owned liquor stores). Retail—catalog and mail-order houses. Retail—electronic shopping and mail-order houses. Retail—electronic shopping and mail-order houses, fuel dealers. Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses). Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses). Auxiliaries (e.g., warehouses). 3
1 

### Under NAICS, publishers were reclassified from Manufacturing (SIC 2711, 2721, 2731, 2741, and part of 2771) to Information (NAIC S 5111 and 51223) and were excluded in the 2002 CFS. However, for the 2007 CFS, publishers were restored as an in-scope industry. 2

### Because of changes in the classification of establishments between SIC and NAICS, logging establishments (NAICS 1133), which we re covered as part of Manufacturing in the 1993 and 1997 surveys, were not included in 2002 and 2007. Detailed information about NAICS classification can be found on t he Census Bureau’s NAICS Web site. 3

### While included in all surveys, the procedures for identifying in-scope auxiliary establishments have changed over the years. For the 1997 CFS, a managing office was considered in-scope only if it had sales or end-of-year inventories in the 1992 Census. Research conducted prior to the 2002 CF S showed that not all managing offices with shipping activity in the 1997 CFS indicated sales or inventories in the 1997 Economic Census. Consequently, the 1997 Economic C ensus results were not used to determine scope for managing offices in the 2002 CFS. For 2002, an auxiliary was included if it supported an in-scope or retail company. For the 2007 CFS, an advance survey of approximately 40,000 auxiliary establishments was conducted in 2006 to identify those auxiliary establishments with shipping activity. Those that indicated that shipping was performed (as well as nonrespondents) were included in the CFS sample universe. 

# Sample Size 1993 1997 2002 2007Approximately 200,000 establishments selected from a universe ofabout 790,000 in-scope establishments. Approximately 100,000 establishments selected from a universe ofabout 770,000 in-scope establishments. Approximately 50,000 establishments selected from a universe ofabout 760,000 in-scope establishments. Approximately 102,000 establishments selected from a universe ofabout 754,000 in-scope establishments. 

## The following tables show a comparison of the commodity classification system, industry coverage, sample size, sample weeks, reported mode of transportation, and data items requested for each shipment among the 1993, 1997, 2002, and 2007 Commodity Flow Surveys (CFS).

## A-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Sample Weeks 1993 1997, 2002, and 2007 Respondents reported for a sample of their individual outbound shipmentsfor a 2-week period during each of the four calendar quarters of the reference year. Respondents reported for a sample of their individual outbound shipmentsfor a 1-week period during each of the four calendar quarters of the reference year. Respondents reported key characteristics for each sampled shipment. Respondents reported key characteristics for each sampled sh ipment. 

# Reported Mode of Transportation 1993 1997, 2002, and 2007 For-hire truck For-hire truck Private truck Private truck Rail Rail Air Air Inland water Shallow draft vessel Deep sea water Deep draft vessel Pipeline Pipeline Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier Parcel, U.S. Postal Service, or courier Other Other Unknown Unknown 

# Data Items Requested for Each Shipment 1993 1997 2002 and 2007 Total value Total value Total value Total weight Total weight Total weight Standard Transportation Commodity Code (STCC) of the commodity that contributes the most to the shipment's weight Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) code of the commodity that contributes the most to the shipment’s weight SCTG code of the commodity that contributes the most to the shipment’s weight All known modes of transportation All known modes of transportation All known modes of transportation Single origin (assumed to be the mailing address unless the respondent provided a different physical location address) Single origin (assumed to be the mailingaddress unless the respondent provided a different physical location address) Single origin (assumed to be the mailing address unless the respondent provided a different physical location address) Destination Destination Destination Containerized (Y/N) Containerized (Y/N) (NA) (NA) (NA) Intermodal (2002-N/A) (2007-Y/N) Hazardous material (Y/N) Hazardous material—United Nations or North American (UN/NA) code Hazardous material—UN/NA code Export (Y/N) Export (Y/N) Export (Y/N) If export: U.S. exit gateway, mode(s) of transport to the gateway, foreign city and country of destination, and mode(s) of export. If export: U.S. exit gateway, mode(s) of transport to the gateway, foreign city and country of destination, and mode(s) of export. If export: U.S. exit gateway, mode(s) of transport to the gateway, foreign city and country of destination, and mode(s) of export. (NA) Not Available.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-1 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Appendix B. 

# Reliability of the Estimates

INTRODUCTION The estimates presented by the 2007 Commodity FlowSurvey (CFS) may differ from the actual, unknown population values. Statisticians define this difference as the total error of the estimate. When describing the accuracy of survey results, it is convenient to discuss total error as the sum of sampling error and nonsampling error. Sampling error is the average difference between the estimate andthe result that would be obtained from a complete enumeration of the sampling frame conducted under the same survey conditions. Nonsampling error encompasses all other factors that contribute to the total error of a sample survey estimate. The sampling error of the estimates in this publication can be estimated from the selected sample because the samplewas selected using probability sampling. Common measures related to sampling error are the sampling variance, the standard error, and the coefficient of variation (CV). The sampling variance is the squared difference, averaged over all possible samples of the same size and design, between the estimator and its average value. The standard error is the square root of the sampling variance. The CV expresses the standard error as a percentage of the estimate to which it refers. Nonsampling errors are difficult to measure and can be introduced through inadequacies in the questionnaire, nonresponse, inaccurate reporting by respondents, errorsin the application of survey procedures, incorrect recording of answers, and errors in data entry and processing. Inconducting the 2007 CFS, every effort was made to minimize the effect of nonsampling errors on the estimates. Data users should take into account both the measures of sampling error and the potential effects of nonsampling error when using these estimates. More detailed descriptions of sampling and nonsampling errors for the 2007 CFS are provided in the following sections. 

# SAMPLING ERRORBecause the estimates are based on a sample, exact agreement with results that would be obtained from a completeenumeration of all shipments made in 2007 from all establishments included on the sampling frame using the same enumeration procedures is not expected. However, because probability sampling was used at each stage of selection, it is possible to estimate the sampling variability of the survey estimates. For CFS estimates, sampling variability arises from each of the three stages of sampling. The particular sample used in this survey is one of a large number of samples of the same size that could have been selected using the same design. If all possible samples had been surveyed under the same conditions, an estimate of a population parameter of interest could have been obtainedfrom each sample. These samples give rise to a distribution of estimates for the population parameter. A statistical measure of the variability among these estimates is the standard error, which can be approximated from any one sample. The standard error is defined as the square root of the variance. The coefficient of variation (CV or relative standard error) of an estimator is the standard error of the estimator divided by the estimator. For the 2007 CFS, theCV also incorporates the effect of the noise infusion disclosure avoidance method. Note that measures of sampling variability, such as the standard error and CV, are estimatedfrom the sample and are also subject to sampling variability; technically, they should have been referred to as estimated standard error and estimated CV. However, it is important to note that the standard error only measures sampling variability and does not measure systematic biases of the sample. Individuals using estimates contained in this report are advised to incorporate this informationinto their analyses, as sampling error could affect the conclusions drawn from these estimates. Data users should exercise caution when using estimates with a high CV. These data are being provided because aggregates of the tabulated estimates can be useful. An estimate from a particular sample and the standard error associated with the estimate can be used to construct a confidence interval. A “confidence interval” is a range about a given estimator that has a specified probability of containing the result of a complete enumeration of thesampling frame conducted under the same survey conditions. Associated with each interval is a percentage of confidence, which is interpreted as follows. If, for each possible sample, an estimate of a population parameter and its approximate standard error were obtained, then: 1. For approximately 90 percent of the possible samples, the interval from 1.645 standard errors below to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the result

## B-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## as obtained from a complete enumeration of the sampling frame conducted under the same survey conditions. 2. For approximately 95 percent of the possible samples,the interval from 1.96 standard errors below to 1.96 standard errors above the estimate would include the result as obtained from a complete enumeration of the sampling frame conducted under the same survey conditions. To illustrate the computation of a confidence interval for an estimate of total value of shipments, assume that an estimate of total value is $10,750 million and the CV for this estimate is 1.8 percent, or 0.018. First, obtain the standard error of the estimate by multiplying the value of shipments estimate by its CV. For this example, multiply $10,750 million by 0.018. This yields a standard error of$193.5 million. The upper and lower bounds of the 90 percent confidence interval are computed as $10,750 million plus or minus 1.645 times $193.5 million. Consequently, the 90 percent confidence interval is $10,432 million to $11,068 million. If corresponding confidence intervals were constructed for all possible samples of the same size and design, approximately 9 out of 10 (90 percent) of these intervals would contain the result obtained from a complete enumeration. 

# NONSAMPLING ERRORNonsampling error encompasses all other factors that contribute to the total error of a sample survey estimate and may also occur in censuses. It is often helpful to think of nonsampling error as arising from deficiencies or mistakes in the survey process. In the CFS, nonsampling error can be attributed to many sources: inability to obtain information about all units in the sample; response errors; differences in the interpretation of the questions; mistakes in coding or keying the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, and processing. Although no direct measurement of the potential biases due to nonsampling error has been obtained, precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize their influence. Individuals using estimates in this report should incorporate this information into their analyses, as nonsampling error could affect the conclusions drawn from these estimates. A potential source of bias in the estimates is nonresponse. “Nonresponse” is defined as the inability to obtain all the intended measurements or responses from all units in the sample. Four levels of nonresponse can occur in the CFS:item, shipment, quarter (reporting week), and establishment. Item nonresponse occurs either when a questionis unanswered or the response to the question fails computer or analyst edits. Nonresponse to the shipment value or weight items is corrected by imputation, which is the procedure by which a missing value is replaced by a predicted value obtained from an appropriate model. Shipment, quarter, and establishment nonresponse areused to describe the inability to obtain any of the substantive measurements about a sampled shipment, quarter, orestablishment, respectively. Shipment and quarter nonresponse are corrected by reweighting. Reweighting allocates characteristics to the nonrespondents in proportion to the characteristics observed for the respondents. The amount of bias introduced by this nonresponse adjustmentprocedure depends on the extent to which the nonrespondents differ, characteristically, from the respondents.Establishment nonresponse is corrected during the estimation procedure by the industry-level adjustment weight. In most cases of establishment nonresponse, none of the four questionnaires have been returned to the U.S. Census Bureau, even after several attempts to elicit a response. Approximately 67 percent of the establishments in thesample provided at least one quarter of data that contributed to these tables. Some possible sources of bias that are attributed to respondent-conducted sampling include misunderstanding the definition of a shipment, constructing an incomplete frame of shipments from which to sample, ordering theshipment sampling frame by selected shipment characteristics, and selecting shipment records by a method other than the one specified in the questionnaire’s instructions.The respondents who had reported a shipment with untypically large value or weight when compared to the rest oftheir reported shipments were often contacted for verification. In such cases, if it was feasible to collect information on all of the large shipments a respondent had made either for a particular reporting week or for the entire quarter, then those large shipments were identified as certainty shipments. 

# DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Confidentiality Title 13 of the U.S. Code authorizes the Census Bureau to conduct censuses and surveys. Section 9 of Title 13 requires that any information collected from the publicunder the authority of Title 13 be maintained as confidential. Section 214 of Title 13 and Sections 3559 and 3571 of Title 18 of the U.S. Code provide for the imposition of penalties of up to 5 years in prison and up to $250,000 in fines for wrongful disclosure of confidential census information. In accordance with Title 13, no estimates arepublished that would disclose the operations of an individual firm.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-3 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## The Census Bureau’s internal Disclosure Review Board sets the confidentiality rules for all data releases. A checklist approach is used to ensure that all potential risks to the confidentiality of the data are considered and addressed. Disclosure Avoidance Disclosure is the release of data that have been deemedconfidential. It generally reveals information about a specific individual or establishment or permits deduction ofsensitive information about a particular individual or establishment. Disclosure avoidance is the process used to protect the confidentiality of the survey data provided by an individual or firm. Using disclosure avoidance procedures,the Census Bureau modifies or removes the characteristics that put confidential information at risk of disclosure. Although it may appear that a table shows information about a specific individual or business, the Census Bureau has taken steps to disguise or suppress the original datawhile making sure the results are still useful. The techniques used by the Census Bureau to protect confidentiality in tabulations vary, depending on the type of data. For the CFS, the primary method of disclosure avoidance is noise infusion. Noise infusion is a method of disclosure avoidance in which values for each shipment are perturbed prior to tabulation by applying a random noise multiplier to the magnitude data—characteristics such as shipment value and weight (but not shipment mileage). Disclosure protection is accomplished in a manner that causes the vast majority of cell values to be perturbed by at most a few percentage points. For sample-based tabulations, suchas CFS, the estimated relative standard error for a published cell includes both the estimated sampling error and the amount of perturbation in the estimated cell value due to noise. In certain circumstances, some individual cells may be suppressed on a case-by-case basis for additional disclosure avoidance. In these cases the data are replaced with a “D” in the tables. Other cells in the table may be suppressed because the quality of the data do not meetpublication standards. The most common reason for suppressing a cell is a high CV (greater than 50 percent). These suppressed cells are shown with an “S” in the tables. Unpublished Estimates Some unpublished estimates can be derived directly from this report by subtracting published estimates from their respective totals. However, the estimates obtained by such subtraction would be subject to poor response, high sampling variability, or other factors that may make them potentially misleading. Individuals who use estimates in this report to create new estimates should cite the Census Bureau as the source of only the original estimates.

## B-4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-1a. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] Mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of

variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage **Total**
....................................... **0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5 Single modes** 
.................................... **1.1 0.4 1.5 0.4 4.2 0.8 4.3** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.3 4.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.7 1.0 5.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.3 1.9 0.5 1.7 0.3 3.6 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 0.2 6.2 0.8 8.7 2.1 4.6 Water
................................................. 11.0 0.1 8.1 0.3 11.5 0.6 13.1

Shallow draft
........................................ 12.8 0.1 9.4 0.3 13.2 0.6 40.3 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 23.8 – 22.9 0.1 15.3 Deep draft
.......................................... 17.5 – 12.3 – 23.9 0.2 12.0 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.2 10.4 – 9.6 – 2.2 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 0.2 6.5 0.4 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes**
................................... **1.8 0.3 5.3 0.2 5.1 0.8 2.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.3 2.6 – 3.0 – 2.4 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 0.1 6.2 0.1 5.0 0.3 6.3 Truck and water
......................................... 12.5 0.1 15.3 0.2 15.6 0.5 9.0 Rail and water
.......................................... 19.2 – 26.9 0.1 27.6 0.4 13.1 Other multiple modes
.................................... 13.3 0.1 8.7 0.1 11.4 0.2 14.0 **Other and unknown modes**
......................... **7.8 0.2 14.0 0.3 9.2 0.1 13.0** – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2“Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-5 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-1b. 

# Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Mode of transportation Value— standard error Tons— standard error Ton-miles 1
— standard error 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total**
...................................... **– – – – – – Single modes** 
................................... **0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.7** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 1 .2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.7 2.1 1.3 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) – – – 0.1 0.1 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – 0.3 0.2 0.4 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.4 – – – – Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.4 (S) (S) **Multiple modes**
.................................. **0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 – – – – Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 – 0.3 0.1 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.2 – 0.5 0.2 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.9 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.1 – 0.2 0.1 **Other and unknown modes**
........................ **0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2** – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2“Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Notes: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design , and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## B-6 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-1c. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive] Mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.9 4.4**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.4 2.4 1.5 2.1 2.7 4.2 3.1 5.1 4.3 7.0 8.0**  Truck2**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 1.2 1.4 2.5 1.3 2.6 3.2 1.4 2.8 3.4 4.5 3.7 7.0 For-hire truck **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 1.5 2.3 3.6 1.8 3.6 4.5 1.7 3.1 3.9 5.2 2.6 6.7 Private truck **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 1.4 1.6 2.9 1.9 3.4 4.4 1.7 3.9 4.2 3.6 4.2 4.9 Rail **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 6.8 6.0 12.8 6.2 5.7 8.3 8.7 6.7 11.4 4.6 6.7 7.3 Water**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 11.0 6.4 16.7 8.1 6.8 6.3 11.5 7.4 7.7 13.1 16.5 19.3 Shallow draft **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 12.8 8.6 24.8 9.4 7.9 9.2 13.2 10.3 9.3 40.3 15.2 13.8 Great Lakes**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** (S) 29.1 (S) 23.8 22.3 14.9 22.9 24.5 16.5 15.3 15.0 41.6 Deep draft **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 17.5 15.4 17.6 12.3 18.0 5.0 23.9 19.2 18.1 12.0 28.6 43.1 Air (includes truck and air) **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 8.2 11.6 13.5 10.4 11.6 15.0 9.6 15.5 14.1 2.2 4.2 3.2 Pipeline 3 **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 6.6 6.4 (S) 6.5 6.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.3 6.5 5.3 1 0.0 29.9 5.1 16.5 31.9 2.3 2.2 3.5**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier **. . . . . .** 2.1 3.3 6.2 2.6 4.4 6.8 3.0 4.2 7.6 2.4 2.3 3.6 Truck and rail **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 5.6 13.2 38.3 6.2 12.3 72.0 5.0 7.1 37.7 6.3 3.1 5.0 Truck and water**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 12.5 26.4 118.2 15.3 16.6 139.9 15.6 18.5 72.8 9.0 9.4 9.5 Rail and water**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 19.2 16.6 104.9 26.9 23.0 18.5 27.6 35.1 18.4 13.1 21.0 49.9 Other multiple modes **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .** 13.3 31.8 409.9 8.7 30.7 183.5 11.4 25.2 93.2 14.0 (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . 7.8 3.0 8.8**  **14.0 12.6 14.0 9.2 9.7 10.3 13.0 13.0 16.4**  (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-7 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-2a. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] Mode of transportation Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation of number Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 2.5**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 4.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 2.0 4.6 Shallow draft
.................................................................................. 10.0 0.8 9.9 Great Lakes
................................................................................... 27.9 0.3 9.2 Deep draft
.................................................................................... 17.1 0.4 6.9 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 – 2.5 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S ) Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 2.3 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 0.1 12.7 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2“Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.


## Table B-2b. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Mode of transportation Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.8 4**  **.3** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.8 3.3 4.4 3.6 6.9 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.6 12.1 4.6 6.1 7.3 Shallow draft
........................................... 10.0 9.4 11.1 9.9 13.1 7.8 Great Lakes
............................................ 27.9 18.1 20.7 9.2 16.0 22.2 Deep draft
............................................. 17.1 17.3 29.9 6.9 11.1 12.5 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 15.7 14.4 2.5 4.3 2.9 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.2 7.6 2.3 2.3 3.6 Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 9.7 10.3 12.7 13.0 15.7 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2“Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-8 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-2c. 

# Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Total Modal Activity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Mode of transportation Ton-miles 1
— standard error 2007 2002 **Total ............................................................................................. – –**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 1.5 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 1.6 Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0. 3 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0 .4 Air (includes truck and air) ....................................................................................... – – Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) ( S) Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .............................................................................. – – Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2“Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Notes: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design , and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-9 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-3a. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] Distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value Tons Ton-miles 2 Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 –**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.4 2.1 0.7 2.6 0 .2 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 0.1 3.2 0.4 3.5 0.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 0.2 3.2 0.4 4.3 0.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.2 3.4 0.3 3.3 0.7 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 0.1 3.5 0.1 3.6 0.4 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.1 9.7 0.3 9.7 1.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 0.1 7.6 0.2 7.4 0.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.2 5.1 – 4.4 0.3 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.2 5.6 – 6.8 0.3 – Estimate equal to zero. 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.



## Table B-3b. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value Tons Ton-miles 2 Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total**
.............. **0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.4 3.0 2.1 3.2 4.2 2.6 3.9 5.8 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.8 3.5 3.2 5.8 7.1 3.5 5.8 7.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 2.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 4.6 4.3 2.8 5.9 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.3 3.8 3.4 3.2 4.6 3.3 3.9 5.1 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.4 4.5 3.5 3.1 4.8 3.6 3.6 5.4 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.0 6.2 9.7 6.2 13.3 9.7 6.4 13.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 3.3 5.9 7.6 11.2 12.7 7.4 12.0 13.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.8 10.3 5.1 6.9 8.2 4.4 7.0 7.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.3 9.5 5.6 3.9 8.1 6.8 4.3 10.2 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-10 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-3c. 

# Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Distance Shipped for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— standard error Tons— standard error Ton-miles 2
— standard error 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.2 0.2 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.7 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 1.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 – – 0.3 0.4 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 – – 0.3 0.2 – Estimate equal to zero. 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Notes: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design , and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-11 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-4a. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] Shipment weight Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of variation of number Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.**  **5** Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.3 2.1 – 3.4 – 2.6 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.1 2.0 – 3.9 – 3.0 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.2 1.4 – 3.4 – 2.7 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 – 1.3 – 2.4 – 2.6 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 0.1 1.7 – 5.5 – 4.8 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.4 1.1 0.1 1.7 0.2 1.7 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.5 1.8 0.4 1.2 0.9 1.5 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.2 2.2 0.5 3.1 0.2 3.0 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 0.4 3.3 0.6 5.9 1.3 2.9 – Estimate equal to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.



## Table B-4b. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Shipment weight Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage change 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4 2.5 2.9 4.4 Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.5 4.7 2.1 2.7 4.5 3.4 3.5 7.4 2.6 2.8 4.2 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 5.6 8.1 2.0 4.7 5.9 3.9 6.8 10.3 3.0 5.4 7.0 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.0 4.7 1.4 3.4 4.1 3.4 2.6 5.1 2.7 3.5 4.8 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.3 4.8 1.3 3.3 4.2 2.4 2.8 4.3 2.6 3.3 4.2 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.8 6.1 1.7 4.6 6.0 5.5 2.6 7.6 4.8 4.4 6.5 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.6 4.3 1.1 1.9 2.5 1.7 3.7 4.4 1.7 2.8 3.0 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.7 3.2 1.8 3.3 4.4 1.2 2.1 2.7 1.5 2.7 3.0 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.6 8.5 2.2 3.8 4.8 3.1 4.6 6.2 3.0 4.5 5.5 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.5 14.3 3.3 3.4 4.4 5.9 6.2 8.7 2.9 3.2 5.4 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-12 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-4c. 

# Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Shipment Weight for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys] Shipment weight Value— standard error Tons— standard error Ton-miles 1
— standard error 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – – – – – – Less than 50 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 – – – – 50 to 99 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.2 – – – – 100 to 499 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 – – – – 500 to 749 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 0.1 – – – – 750 to 999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – – – – – 1,000 to 9,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 10,000 to 49,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.9 0.9 50,000 to 99,999 lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 100,000 lb or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.3 – Estimate equal to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Notes: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design , and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-13 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-5a. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of

variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5**  01 Live animals and live fish
................................. 25.3 – 20.4 – 39.1 0.1 15.0 02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 6.3 0.3 11.3 0.6 12.0 03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 0.1 4.0 0.1 6.0 0.2 14.4 04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 0.1 6.4 0.1 9.2 0.2 13.2 05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.1 4.0 – 8.3 0.1 12.9 06 Milled grain products and preparations, and bakery products . . . . . 4.9 0.1 4.6 0.1 5.6 0.1 16.0 07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.1 3.1 0.1 4.7 0.3 13.0 08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.5 – 6.2 0.1 14.9 09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 0.1 26.9 – 10.4 – 13.8 10 Monumental or building stone
............................. 14.5 – 20.5 – 13.1 – 13.3 11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 8.3 0.3 15.7 0.2 10.7 12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 – 2.9 0.4 10.5 0.5 3.7 13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 6.1 0.1 8.3 0.1 16.6 14 Metallic ores and concentrates
............................ 15.8 – 17.4 0.1 29.4 0.4 9.4 15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 7.6 0.7 12.2 2.1 8.8 17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.2 4.3 0.4 9.7 0.2 6.5 18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 4.1 0.2 7.4 0.1 9.2 19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 0.1 4.0 0.2 7.6 0.3 1 2.9 20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.1 7.0 0.2 10.7 0.5 10.9 21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.4 11.0 – 8.6 – 6.6 22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 10.3 0.1 14.9 0.3 9.5 23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 0.2 4.9 – 5.8 0.1 7.2 24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.1 4.0 0.1 4.9 0.2 8.5 25 Logs and other wood in the rough
.......................... 13.1 – 21.0 0.2 13.9 0.1 44.2 26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 – 2.7 0.1 4.2 0. 1 10.9 27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.6 – 5.8 0.1 14.6 28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 5.7 – 7.8 0.1 13.5 29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 0.1 5.0 – 6.8 0.1 8.7 30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 0.2 5.5 – 13.7 0.1 3.2 31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 4.1 0.3 6.8 0.2 10.1 32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.1 3.8 0.1 6.2 0.3 10.7 33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.1 5.2 0.1 4.1 0.1 8.5 34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 0.2 3.0 – 5.9 0.1 5.4 35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.2 4.6 – 5.7 0.1 3.5 36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 0.4 5.2 – 5.0 0.1 6.9 37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c
........................... 10.6 0.1 18.1 – 12.1 – 3.9 38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 0.1 31.1 – 20.0 – 4.3 39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 6.2 – 7.4 – 5.3 40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 0.1 6.3 0.1 5.0 0.1 2.4 41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 23.1 0.5 18.3 0.3 23.2 43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.2 2.9 0.1 3.0 0.1 4.7 99 Commodity unknown
.................................... 16.2 – (S) – 26.0 – 18.7 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. 2Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-14 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-5b. 

# Estimated Standard Errors for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: Percentage of Total for 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code Commodity description Value— standard error Tons— standard error Ton-miles 1
— standard error 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 **Total 2** 
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 01 Live animals and live fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – (Z) – 0.1 – 02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.6 4.1 4.8 6 .1 8.4 03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.6 3.5 04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.6 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.6 05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.4 0.8 0.7 1.5 1.3 06 Milled grain products and preparations, and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.5 1.6 07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.2 3.7 3.8 5.1 5.1 08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.8 1.1 0.8 09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.8 (Z) – (Z) – 10 Monumental or building stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) – 0.2 0.2 0.1 – 11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 3.7 4.1 1.2 1 .0 12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 16.3 16.0 4.4 3.4 13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 2.2 1.6 1.6 1.8 14 Metallic ores and concentrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.2 2.0 15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 11.3 10.6 25.0 21.9 17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 3.3 7.6 9.1 2.1 3. 7 18 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.4 5.1 4.7 1.6 1.8 19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.0 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.0 20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.8 3.3 3.0 5.1 3.7 21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 5.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.3 1.8 2.8 23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 2.7 1.0 0.9 1.7 1.7 24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 3.9 1.5 1.2 3.1 2.6 25 Logs and other wood in the rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 – 0.9 (S) 0.3 0.2 26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.8 27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 2.5 28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.7 29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.5 30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 5.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 1.8 9.2 8.3 3.4 4.3 32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . 4.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.9 3.9 33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.8 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.4 34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.1 35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment 9.0 10.6 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.0 36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.9 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.9 37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.1 0 .3 38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.7 (Z) 0.2 0.1 0.1 39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.6 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.5 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.5 43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 10.0 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.7 99 Commodity unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0.2 (Z) 0.3 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. (Z) Estimate is between zero and half the unit shown, thus rounded down to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. 2Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Notes: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design , and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. Generally, estimates that equal zero are not shown and are indicated by “–.” However, the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys have different distinctions between an estimate that equals zero and an estimate that rounds to zero. For 2007 data, the “–” represents estimates that equal zero. For 2002 data, the “–” repres ents estimates that equal or round to zero.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-15 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-5c. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007 and 2002 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 and 2002 Commodity Flow Surveys]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage 2007 2002 2007 2007 2002 2007 2007 2002 2007 **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.3 2.1 1.6 2.0 2.8 3.6 3.7 5.4 4.4**  01 Live animals and live fish
................... 25.3 21.1 (S) 20.4 24.5 (S) 39.1 26.0 117.0 32.9 02 Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 7.1 15.3 6.3 7.5 9.0 11.3 18.1 16.4 16.3 03 Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 10.4 13.2 4.0 7.8 7.1 6.0 7.4 7.7 13.9 04 Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 9.6 20.1 6.4 14.1 16.7 9.2 10.0 20.1 84.0 05 Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . 3.7 4.2 7.6 4.0 4.6 7.0 8.3 6.5 12.1 30.5 06 Milled grain products and preparations, and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 8.2 12.0 4.6 7.2 9.4 5.6 6.8 9.1 53.3 07 Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . 2.4 4.4 6.8 3.1 5.2 6.3 4.7 6.3 8.4 32.8 08 Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.1 10.3 3.5 5.8 8.4 6.2 12.8 20.0 22.8 09 Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 14.4 (S) 26.9 29.9 (S) 10.4 36.3 15.0 31.8 10 Monumental or building stone
............... 14.5 29.1 (S) 20.5 29.9 (S) 13.1 22.1 50.9 15.6 11 Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.8 18.3 8.3 9.1 12.0 15.7 11.8 27.1 18.5 12 Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 6.7 12.2 2.9 9.0 10.3 10.5 10.5 20.7 10.6 13 Nonmetallic minerals n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.5 21.2 6.1 11.9 19.7 8.3 18.7 18.8 27.7 14 Metallic ores and concentrates
.............. 15.8 14.0 49.8 17.4 12.4 16.6 29.4 18.1 21.0 13.0 15 Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.0 17.9 7.6 8.8 13.2 12.2 16.8 25.0 10.7 17 Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 14.9 4.3 5.0 6.0 9.7 9.8 8.1 10.0 18 Fuel oils 3.5 6.0 (S) 4.1 6.0 (S) 7.4 1 0.1 12.4 16.3 19 Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.5 28.1 4.0 10.2 14.2 7.6 11.1 18.4 30.3 20 Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.7 17.6 7.0 12.6 17.1 10.7 10.8 22.7 19.3 21 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 9.5 18.5 11.0 16.7 15.6 8.6 21.0 16.2 8.0 22 Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 16.9 24.5 10.3 30.2 (S) 14.9 24.7 19.3 32.6 23 Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c . . . . . 5.9 5.0 11.3 4.9 5.1 8.3 5.8 7.9 10.7 16.9 24 Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.6 6.5 4.0 4.0 7.6 4. 9 5.2 9.3 13.6 25 Logs and other wood in the rough
............ 13.1 24.2 33.9 21.0 (S) (S) 13.9 34.4 53.2 (S) 26 Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 8.4 10.3 2.7 9.2 9.0 4.2 11.7 10.4 20.5 27 Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . 3.8 5.2 7.9 3.6 6.2 7.5 5.8 7.4 9.8 25.8 28 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.0 5.7 5.7 5.2 9.1 7.8 8.5 14.1 30.0 29 Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.6 12.4 5.0 8.1 14.3 6.8 8.5 14.4 6.8 30 Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.4 8.2 5.5 7.5 8.5 13.7 10.5 16.8 4.6 31 Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 7.0 9.6 4.1 9.0 11.8 6.8 11.9 11.6 17.4 32 Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 5.0 11.2 3.8 6.3 8.2 6.2 6.0 9.2 19.7 33 Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.9 7.8 5.2 9.5 12.3 4.1 7.0 9.9 14.6 34 Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.7 8.7 3.0 7.7 8.7 5.9 9.0 11.5 11.3 35 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.6 7.3 4.6 9.7 10.3 5.7 11.9 13.8 6.9 36 Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . 5.6 8.3 12.1 5.2 7.6 9.2 5.0 10.1 12.3 17.5 37 Transportation equipment, n.e.c
............. 10.6 23.3 28.5 18.1 40.9 16.6 12.1 41.7 18.3 5.3 38 Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.9 12.3 31.1 18.3 11.1 20.0 12.6 21.1 9.9 39 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . 4.5 6.2 8.3 6.2 11.8 10.9 7.4 6.4 10.7 12.1 40 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . 1.9 5.4 7.3 6.3 10.5 14.2 5.0 7.7 11.1 5.0 41 Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 14.4 36.2 23.1 16.8 40.3 18.3 25.8 44.3 23.3 43 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.6 4.6 2.9 5.6 6.3 3.0 5.0 6.2 10.3 99 Commodity unknown
...................... 16.2 9.9 1.6 (S) 22.3 (S) 26.0 41.7 0.8 20.7 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. 2Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-16 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-6. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of

variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5**  010 Live animals and live fish
.............................. 25.3 – 20.4 – 39.1 0.1 15.0 021 Wheat
............................................ 11.5 – 12.7 0.1 18.4 0.3 16.7 022 Corn, except sweet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 6.6 0.2 12.2 0.5 15.0 029 Other cereal grains
.................................. 20.2 – 24.0 0.1 39.0 0.2 24.5 031 Fresh or chilled potatoes (Irish potatoes), except sweet
...... 16.7 – 17.3 – 25.0 0.1 27.1 032 Fresh or chilled edible vegetables, except potatoes (Irish potatoes), and dried vegetables
.................. 10.1 – 9.4 – 14.7 0.1 19.2 033 Fresh, chilled, or dried edible fruit and nuts
............... 12.4 – 11.6 – 14.5 0.1 16.7 034 Soy beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 – 6.6 0.1 10.1 0.1 17.4 035 Oil seeds and nuts, except olives and soy beans
........... 17.6 – 22.3 – 22.5 – 13.0 036 Bulbs, live plants, and seeds for sowing, n.e.c
............. 14.7 – 19.6 – 21.8 – 11.4 039 Fresh-cut flowers, plants, and parts of plants, and other agricultural products, except forage products and cereal straw or husks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 – 14.7 – 18.3 – 28.0 041 Cereal straw or husks, forage products, residues and waste from the food industries used in animal feeding, and eggs and other products of animal origin, n.e.c .
............. 12.4 – 9.6 0.1 13.3 0.2 13.1 042 Animal feed preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 – 9.1 0.1 15.1 0.2 13.5 051 Meat including poultry, except preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 0.1 4.6 – 9.6 0.1 14.0 052 Fish, except live, and seafood, except preparations . . . . . . . . . 5.7 – 7.2 – 8.5 – 17.4 053 Preparations, extracts, and juices of meat, fish, or seafood
......................................... 11.0 – 19.1 – 26.6 – 27.2 061 Wheat flour, groats, and meal
.......................... 14.2 – 16.4 – 18.5 – 19.6 062 Malt, starches, inulin, wheat gluten, and milled or otherwise worked grains, except wheat flour, groats, and meal
...... 13.6 – 10.9 – 15.4 0.1 16.3 063 Food preparations of cereals, flour, starch, or milk . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 – 5.6 – 7.5 – 14.9 064 Bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 6.5 – 11.3 0.1 19.2 071 Dairy products, except chocolate milk, eggnog, and food preparations of milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 – 9.2 0.1 4.5 0.1 14.4 072 Processed or prepared vegetables, fruit, or nuts, except dried or milled, and juices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 – 6.6 – 11.9 0.2 12.6 073 Coffee, tea, and spices, except unprocessed coffee and unfermented tea
.................................. 12.8 – 12.0 – 11.8 – 12.0 074 Animal or vegetable fats and oils and their cleavage products, prepared edible fats, animal or vegetable waxes, and flours and meals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 – 8.1 – 8.2 0.1 20.0 075 Cane, beet, and other sugars in solid form, sugar syrups not containing added flavoring or coloring matter, and molasses
........................................ 14.0 – 20.1 0.1 10.4 0.1 18.5 076 Confectionery, cocoa, and cocoa preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 9.9 – 10.7 – 10.2 077 Edible preparations, n.e.c. and vinegar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 7.1 – 7.3 0.1 12.1 078 Nonalcoholic beverages, n.e.c. and ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 5.6 0.1 9.8 0.1 10.0 081 Malt beer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 – 4.5 – 11.1 0.1 3.4 082 Wine and other fermented beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 – 12.3 – 16.0 – 24.0 083 Spirituous beverages and ethyl alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 9.1 – 14.2 – 10.9 – Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 0.1 26.9 – 10.4 – 13.8 100 Monumental or building stone, except dolomite
............ 14.5 – 20.5 – 13.1 – 13.3 110 Natural sands, except metal-bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 8.3 0.3 15.7 0.2 10.7 120 Gravel and crushed stone, except dolomite and slate . . . . . . . . 3.2 – 2.9 0.4 10.5 0.5 3.7 131 Salt
.............................................. 16.2 – 17.3 0.1 16.4 0.1 21.9 132 Natural calcium phosphates, natural aluminum-calcium phosphates, and phosphatic chalk
.................... 32.7 – 39.9 0.1 31.1 – 24.7 133 Dolomite
.......................................... 14.4 – 16.3 0.1 26.4 – 17.0 139 Other nonmetallic minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 – 12.2 0.1 10.8 0.1 16.0 141 Iron ores and concentrates
............................ 14.7 – 20.7 0.1 39.5 0.4 45.6 149 Other metallic ores and concentrates
.................... 18.3 – 13.2 – 15.2 – 8.2 151 Nonagglomerated bituminous coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 – 8.4 0.7 12.2 2.1 9.8 159 Other coal
......................................... 22.0 – 26.2 0.2 23.5 – 41.8 171 Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 0.2 4.8 0.3 9.8 0.2 6.6 172 Aviation turbine fuel (types A and B)
..................... 11.2 – 10.8 0.1 21.8 – 14.2

See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-17 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-6. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of

variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage 180 Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 4.1 0.2 7.4 0.1 9.2 191 Lubricating oils and greases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 0.1 11.2 0.1 16.0 0.1 15.4 192 Refined petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, n.e.c.
................................... 10.3 – 11.5 0.1 28.3 0.3 20.2 193 Gaseous hydrocarbons
............................... 11.0 0.1 12.1 0.1 22.1 0.1 10.1 199 Other products of petroleum refining, and coal products
...... 10.1 – 7.8 0.2 9.4 0.1 8.1 201 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide (caustic potash) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 – 7.4 – 13.1 – 18.3 202 Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 10.5 0.2 16.9 0.5 10.4 203 Cyclic hydrocarbons
................................. 14.2 – 17.7 – 21.2 – 13.3 204 Phenols, phenol-alcohols, aldehydes, cyclic polymers of aldehydes, paraformaldehyde, ketones, quinones, organic acids, and acyclic alcohols
.......................... 15.6 – 12.6 – 14.2 0.1 8.5 205 Organic chemicals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 0.1 12.5 0.1 16.9 0.2 10.6 210 Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.4 11.0 – 8.6 – 6.6 220 Fertilizers and fertilizer materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 10.3 0.1 14.9 0.3 9.5 231 Paints and varnishes, tanning or dyeing extracts, tannins and their derivatives, dyes, putty and other mastics, inks, and coloring matter, except pigments and synthetic organic dyes, lakes, and toners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 – 7.3 – 13.6 0.1 14.2 232 Essential oils and resinoids, and perfumery, cosmetic, or toilet preparations
..................................... 10.9 0.1 11.7 – 12.3 – 7.3 233 Soap, organic surface-active agents, cleaning preparations, polishes and creams, and scouring preparations
......... 11.7 0.1 8.4 – 12.7 0.1 8.0 234 Photographic film, plates, paper, paperboard, or textiles, and chemical preparations for photographic use
............. 23.1 – 19.3 – 27.4 – 15.8 235 Insecticides, rodenticides, fungicides, herbicides, antisprouting products, plant-growth regulators, disinfectants, and similar products, in packages for retail sale or as preparations or articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 – 15.3 – 20.5 – 14.1 239 Other chemical products and preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 8.1 – 8.6 – 9.0 241 Plastics in primary forms, rubber in primary forms or sheets, and unvulcanized compounded rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 0.1 8.0 – 9.9 0.1 10.4 242 Manmade fibers and plastics basic shapes and articles . . . . . . 2.2 0.1 3.4 – 3.8 0.1 6.8 243 Rubber articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 0.1 8.4 – 12.6 0.1 15.0 250 Logs and other wood in the rough
....................... 13.1 – 21.0 0.2 13.9 0.1 44.2 261 Wood chips or particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 – 9.4 0.1 8.6 – 8.7 262 Lumber, wood continuously shaped along any of its edges or faces, and shingles and shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 – 3.5 – 6.2 0.1 17.7 263 Veneer sheets and sheets for plywood, particle board, fiberboard, plywood, veneered panels, and similar boards of ligneous material or laminated wood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 – 4.5 – 7.1 0.1 9.8 264 Builders’ joinery and carpentry of wood, except shingles and shakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 4.4 – 10.2 – 10.8 269 Other wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 – 9.4 – 15.5 – 12.4 271 Pulp of fibrous cellulosic materials
...................... 13.8 – 15.9 – 35.8 0.1 13.7 272 Newsprint in large rolls or sheets
....................... 11.6 – 10.8 – 16.2 – 27.6 273 Uncoated paper and paperboard in large rolls or sheets . . . . . 5.6 – 5.3 – 6.0 0.1 24.3 274 Coated, impregnated, treated, or worked paper and paperboard, in large rolls or sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 7.6 – 9.8 0.1 7.5 280 Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 5.7 – 7.8 0.1 13. 5 291 Printed books, brochures, leaflets, and similar printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 0.1 10.1 – 13.9 – 4.1 292 Newspapers, journals, and periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 8.3 – 15.4 – 30.8 293 Advertising material, commercial or trade catalogues, and similar printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 – 9.6 – 10.6 – 5.5 299 Other printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 – 14.9 – 16.1 – 6.8 301 Textile fibers, yarns, and broadwoven or knitted fabrics, except coated or treated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 – 8.0 – 11.8 – 5.1 302 Textile clothing and accessories, and headgear, except safety
.......................................... 10.5 0.2 16.6 – 32.5 0.1 3.7 303 Textiles and textile articles, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 7.3 – 17.4 – 3.3 304 Footwear
.......................................... 22.5 0.1 31.1 – 31.9 – 5.4

See footnotes at end of table.

## B-18 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-6. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of

variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage 305 Leather and articles, luggage of related materials, and dressed furskins and articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 – 12.0 – 13.1 – 4.7 311 Hydraulic cements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 – 10.0 0.2 12.8 0.1 5.9 312 Ceramic products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 – 12.6 – 17.8 0.1 7.6 313 Glass and glass products
............................. 10.7 – 5.6 – 6.1 – 9.4 319 Other nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 – 4.8 0.3 7.9 0.1 7.6 321 Iron and steel in primary forms, in semifinished forms, or in powders or granules, and ferroalloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 – 11.3 – 10.7 – 13.7 322 Flat-rolled products of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 0.1 6.2 0.1 9.8 0.2 9.1 323 Bars, rods, angles, shapes, sections, and wire, of iron or steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 7.5 0.1 9.6 0.1 16.3 324 Nonferrous metal, except precious, in unwrought forms, in finished basic shapes, or in powders or granules . . . . . . . . . 8.4 0.1 8.4 – 15.3 0.1 8.0 331 Pipes, tubes, and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 0.1 9.4 – 10.2 0.1 9.2 332 Structures and parts, except prefabricated buildings . . . . . . . . 4.4 – 5.5 – 6.2 – 6.1 333 Handtools, cutlery, except of precious metals, interchangeable tools for hand- or machine-tools, hardware, and industrial fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 – 6.5 – 7.0 – 9.9 339 Other articles of metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 – 10.8 – 6.2 – 10.3 341 Internal-combustion piston engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 0.1 7.6 – 7.7 – 9.0 342 Turbines, boilers, nuclear reactors, and nonelectric engines and motors, except internal-combustion piston engines
..... 22.3 0.1 14.2 – 17.6 – 7.0 343 Pumps, compressors, and fans, and ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 – 7.2 – 8.4 – 8.5 344 Air-conditioning, refrigerating, or freezing equipment . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 10.7 – 14.3 – 12.0 345 Materials-handling, excavating, boring, and related machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 – 10.1 – 16.9 0.1 10.6 349 Other machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.1 5.2 – 5.2 – 5.7 351 Electric motors, generators, generating sets, rotary converters, transformers, static converters, and inductors
........... 10.8 – 20.2 – 8.7 – 5.5 352 Electric cooking appliances and other electrothermic or electromechanical domestic appliances
................ 13.6 – 16.1 – 17.5 – 7.0 353 Line telephone or telegraph apparatus
................... 15.3 – 14.3 – 16.2 – 6.8 354 Electronic entertainment products, except parts
............ 11.8 0.1 16.0 – 21.1 – 4.9 355 Computer and office equipment
........................ 10.2 0.2 19.2 – 14.3 – 4.8 356 Prepared unrecorded or prerecorded media
............... 11.3 0.1 15.9 – 34.4 – 2.5 357 Transmission apparatus for radio or television broadcasting, radio transmission and reception apparatus, radar apparatus, radio navigational-aid apparatus, and radio remote-control apparatus, except radio broadcast receivers and parts
........................................ 15.9 0.1 21.1 – 20.4 – 4.9 358 Electronic components and parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 0.1 6.0 – 7.6 – 4.1 359 Other electronic and electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.1 4.8 – 6.9 – 7.5 361 Motor vehicles for the transport of less than 10 people, except motorcycles, armored fighting vehicles, snowmobiles, golf carts and similar vehicles, and parts
................... 15.0 0.4 14.1 – 14.7 0.1 10.4 362 Motor vehicles for the transport of goods and road tractors for semitrailers, except parts
........................... 10.7 – 11.0 – 14.6 – 18.7 363 Other vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.1 8.0 – 7.6 – 8.7 364 Parts and accessories for motor vehicles, except motorcycles and armored fighting vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.2 7.7 – 11.1 0.1 8.4 371 Locomotives and rolling stock, railway track fixtures and fittings, mechanical or electromechanical traffic-signalling equipment, and intermodal containers
................. 15.9 – 24.4 – 20.5 – 7.0 372 Aircraft and spacecraft
................................ 12.9 0.1 25.4 – 20.3 – 4.2 373 Ships, boats, and floating structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 – 13.4 – 8.6 – 13.1 381 Optical elements, instruments, and apparatus, except photographic and photocopying equipment and optical instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking
..... 10.6 – 29.8 – 16.3 – 8.9 382 Photographic and photocopying machines
................ 13.8 – 17.1 – 13.9 – 9.8 383 Surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, geophysical, drawing, or length-measuring instruments and appliances, and navigational and meteorological instruments and appliances, except radar and other radio-type apparatus ....................................... 13.2 – 24.6 – 31.8 – 9.6 384 Instruments, apparatus, and appliances for medical, surgical, dental, or veterinary sciences, or for similar purposes . . . . . 6.3 0.1 34.2 – 16.6 – 3.3 385 Meters and other instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking, testing, or controlling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 44.5 – 35.2 – 5.0 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-19 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-6. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Three-Digit Commodity for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

SCTG code Commodity description Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment—

coefficient of

variation of

number Coefficient of

variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of

number Standard error of percentage 390 Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.1 6.2 – 7.4 – 5.3 401 Arms and ammunition
................................ 22.6 – 17.9 – 20.3 – 4.1 402 Toys, games, and sporting equipment
.................... 11.4 0.1 16.2 – 14.8 – 4.0 409 Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 0.1 6.9 0.1 5.5 0.1 2.2 411 Metallic waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 0.1 24.3 0.3 9.9 0.1 13.8 412 Nonmetallic waste and scrap, except from food processing . . . 20.1 – 36.6 0.3 33.3 0.3 24.2 439 Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 0.2 2.9 0.1 3.0 0 .1 4.7 999 Commodity unknown
................................. 16.2 – 21.6 – 26.0 – 18.7 – Estimate equal to zero. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. 2Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-20 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **All Commodities Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 – 1.6 – 3.6 – 2.5**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 0.4 1.5 0.4 4.2 0.8 4.3**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 0.5 1.3 0.7 1.4 1.3 4.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 0.5 1.8 0.7 1.7 1.0 5.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 0.3 1.9 0.5 1.7 0.3 3.6 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 0.2 6.2 0.8 8.7 2.1 4.6 Water
................................... 11.0 0.1 8.1 0.3 11.5 0.6 13.1

Shallow draft
.......................... 12.8 0.1 9.4 0.3 13.2 0.6 40.3 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 23.8 – 22.9 0.1 15.3 Deep draft
............................ 17.5 – 12.3 – 23.9 0.2 12.0 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 0.2 10.4 – 9.6 – 2.2 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 0.2 6.5 0.4 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 0.3 5.3 0.2 5.1 0.8 2.3**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 0.3 2.6 – 3.0 – 2.4 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 0.1 6.2 0.1 5.0 0.3 6.3 Truck and water
........................... 12.5 0.1 15.3 0.2 15.6 0.5 9.0 Rail and water
............................ 19.2 – 26.9 0.1 27.6 0.4 13.1 Other multiple modes
...................... 13.3 0.1 8.7 0.1 11.4 0.2 14.0 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 0.2**  **14.0 0.3 9.2 0.1 13.0 SCTG 01, Live Animals and Live Fish**  **Total 2** **........................ 25.3 – 20.4 – 39.1 – 15.0**  **Single modes ......................**  **25.6 2.0 20.2 0.5 39.2 3.4 27.6** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 3.2 20.3 0.9 39.6 4.4 32.5

For-hire truck
.......................... 32.0 7.4 24.9 6.7 42.4 8.4 13.6 Private truck
........................... 19.6 6.7 19.9 6.6 44.5 6.3 (S) Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Water ................................... – – – – – – –

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.7 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S)**  **35.8 0.5 49.3 7.1 14.6** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 35.8 0.5 49.3 7.1 14.6 Truck and rail ............................. – – – – – – – Truck and water ........................... – – – – – – – Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)**  **32.8** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-21 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 02, Cereal Grains Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 – 6.3 – 11.3 –**  **12.0 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 1.8 6.3 1.6 11.6 2.3 11.9**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 3.3 8.4 3.3 13.7 0.9 11.8

For-hire truck
.......................... 11.1 2.0 13.9 2.2 11.6 0.5 9.3 Private truck
........................... 10.8 2.6 11.5 2.7 30.3 0.6 25.6 Rail
.................................... 13.5 2.9 12.4 2.9 14.2 4.3 6.4 Water
................................... 12.9 1.3 12.7 1.3 19.0 3.5 5.4

Shallow draft
.......................... 14.7 1.4 14.1 1.4 19.0 3.5 5.6 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft
............................ 13.2 4.8 9.3 4.0 (S) (S) 43.2 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **23.9 1.3 23.0 1.3 26.9 2.4 10.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 29.8 – 49.2 – (S) (S) 14.1 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 13. 1 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.1 Rail and water
............................ 49.9 1.5 47.7 1.7 (S) (S) 15.0 Other multiple modes
...................... 22.7 0.8 22.6 0.7 27.5 1.4 12.8 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)**  **49.6 SCTG 03, Other Agricultural Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 – 4.0 – 6.0 – 14.4**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 1.2 4.8 2.3 5.8 2.8**  **17.9** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 1.2 5.8 2.5 7.6 2.6 18.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 2.0 5.3 1.2 8.7 2.5 11.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 1.8 7.7 2.2 9.1 0.8 23.8 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 0.4 11.9 0.9 9.6 1.3 10.5 Water
................................... 19.2 0.8 17.2 1.5 15.9 2.3 14.6

Shallow draft
.......................... 15.7 0.6 15.2 1.2 14.9 2.2 5.5 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 33.9 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 47.4 0.2 (S) (S) (S) (S) 25.4 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **14.2 0.9 25.8 1.9 19.1 2.7 8.4** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 18.1 0.4 26.8 – 26.2 – 8.2 Truck and rail
............................. 16.6 0.5 27.5 1.3 21.4 2.2 18.7 Truck and water
........................... 37.1 0.3 43.5 0.8 50.0 1.7 22.9 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 48.3 1.1 30.9 1.5 (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **25.7 0.6 38.4 1.0 39.6 0.2 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-22 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 04, Animal Feed and Products of Animal Origin, n.e.c.**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 – 6.4 – 9.2 – 13.2**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 2.4 6.7 1.4 8.5 3.8 5.9**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 2.3 6.9 1.4 9.1 3.0 6.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 1.9 11.2 1.9 12.3 2.5 7.4 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 1.9 6.0 1.9 10.2 1.7 9.5 Rail
.................................... 10.8 0.7 10.7 0.9 11.8 2.6 5.9 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 42.8 0.6 30.6

Shallow draft
.......................... 29.5 0.1 23.6 0.7 23.7 2.4 – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 35.3 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 47.4 – 24.1 – (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **34.6 2.4 22.2 1.3 29.9 3.8 8.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 41.0 0.4 37.4 – 45.7 – 10.9 Truck and rail
............................. 40.2 2.2 18.7 1.1 32.4 3.6 7.3 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.7 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 48.5 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **41.4 0.5 19.7 0.4 16.9 0.2 29.0 SCTG 05, Meat, Fish, Seafood, and Their**  **Preparations Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 – 4.0 – 8.3 –**  **12.9 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 0.4 4.1 0.6 3.7 3.4 4.6** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 0.4 4.2 0.7 3.8 3.7 4.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.0 5.0 1.5 4.3 3.4 4.8 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.0 5.0 1.2 7.2 1.2 5.8 Rail
.................................... 23.2 0.1 37.0 0.4 34.0 1.1 22.6 Water
................................... 32.3 0.1 28.7 0.1 44.7 0.4 18.6

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 – 5.5 – (S) (S) 22.1 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 32.2 0.1 27.5 0.1 43.5 0.5 19.0 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 21.4 0.1 20.0 – 27.2 0.1 10.3 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **17.9 0.3 34.0 0.6 (S) (S) 6.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 27.4 0.1 28.1 – 31.4 0.1 7.8 Truck and rail
............................. 19.6 0.1 17.5 0.1 20.8 0.4 (S) Truck and water
........................... 32.8 0.2 48.4 0.6 (S) (S) 25.6 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 45.6 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 30.9 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **19.7 0.2 20.9 0.2 17.9 0.1 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-23 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 06, Milled Grain Products and Preparations and Bakery Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 – 4.6 – 5.6 – 16.0**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 1.0 4.6 0.8 6.0 1.2 8.8**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 1.2 5.0 1.5 6.0 2.5 8.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 2.0 6.8 2.2 7.0 2.3 7.6 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.7 6.1 1.8 7.5 1.1 10.2 Rail
.................................... 13.2 0.3 12.5 1.1 17.0 2.2 4.9 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 49.1 1.4 (S) (S) 47.4 0.1 39.0 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 49.8 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 26.3 Pipeline 4
................................. 27.4 0.1 44.8 0.5 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **26.4 1.0 11.2 0.6 9.9 1.2 7.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 35.2 0.7 30.7 0.1 33.9 0.2 7.3 Truck and rail
............................. 20.1 0.4 10.9 0.5 10.6 1.0 6.4 Truck and water
........................... 26.4 – 31.2 0.1 38.6 0.4 38.3 Rail and water
............................ 33.3 – 41.7 – 35.0 0.2 0.8 Other multiple modes
...................... 38.8 0.1 36.4 0.2 14.5 0.1 (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **21.1 0.3 28.7 0.5 24.8 0.3 (S) SCTG 07, Other Prepared Foodstuffs and Fats**  **and Oils Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 – 3.1 – 4.7 –**  **13.0 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.2 3.1 0.4 4.5 0.6 5.7** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.2 3.3 0.6 4.2 1.1 4.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 0.8 4.3 1.1 4.8 0.9 5.7 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.9 4.2 1.2 4.2 0.6 2.8 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 0.1 6.9 0.4 8.2 1.0 4.2 Water
................................... 38.2 0.1 46.1 0.3 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 39.3 0.1 43.0 0.6 (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 37.0 – 21.2 – 29.3 – (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 42.8 0.1 20.5 – 46.8 – 11.8 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 0.2 7.5 0.2 9.7 0.6 6.3**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 14.0 0.2 11.5 – 13.4 – 6.4 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 9.0 0.2 11.6 0.6 4.7 Truck and water
........................... 15.5 – 22.3 0.1 23.0 0.3 13.2 Rail and water
............................ 45.6 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 29.7 Other multiple modes
...................... 29.0 – 21.6 – 31.0 0.1 32.1 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **11.5 0.1 22.7 0.3 18.6 0.2 36.7** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-24 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 08, Alcoholic Beverages Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.5 – 6.2 –**  **14.9 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 0.5 3.6 0.4 6.9 2.4 5.3** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 0.8 3.9 1.1 6.8 3.1 5.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 1.1 6.1 1.3 6.5 2.3 15.6 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 1.1 4.6 1.6 14.1 1.5 3.4 Rail
.................................... 11.6 0.4 13.4 0.8 14.6 2.7 7.7 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 45.4 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 18.1 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **15.7 0.5 11.9 0.4 13.5 2.5 9.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 32.9 0.1 29.3 – 35.9 0.1 10.5 Truck and rail
............................. 17.4 0.5 12.4 0.4 14.3 2.5 8.8 Truck and water
........................... 26.2 – 25.0 – 36.8 0.6 23.1 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 37.7 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **37.4 0.3 28.8 0.2 39.5 0.5 (S) SCTG 09, Tobacco Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 – 26.9 – 10.4 – 13.8**  **Single modes ......................**  **10.1 1.7 27.4 1.7 11.6 3.2 7.1** Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 1.7 27.5 1.7 11.6 3.2 7.2

For-hire truck
.......................... 17.6 5.2 48.8 5.3 13.5 4.1 12.5 Private truck
........................... 13.6 5.4 24.5 5.5 17.5 3.7 3.8 Rail .................................... – – – – – – – Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.0 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **39.1 1.7 38.1 1.7 37.4 3.2 9.4** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 39.5 1.7 38.9 1.7 39.7 3.2 9.2 Truck and rail ............................. – – – – – – – Truck and water
........................... 45.0 0.2 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – – **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **24.9 0.1 29.6 0.2 38.9 – 39.8** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-25 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 10, Monumental or Building Stone Total**  **2 ........................**  **14.5 – 20.5 – 13.1 – 13.3 Single modes**  **...................... 13.9 1.2 21.6 2.8 13.4 1.6 9.7**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.0 1.2 21.6 2.8 13.4 1.7 9.7

For-hire truck
.......................... 18.3 3.1 30.3 5.6 17.2 4.7 21.4 Private truck
........................... 15.3 3.5 21.2 5.4 18.3 4.8 22.9 Rail
.................................... 44.8 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.6 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – – Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **31.0 0.3 45.4 0.2 40.9 1.0 22.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 44.7 0.2 39.0 – (S) (S) 20.1 Truck and rail
............................. 26.9 0.2 46.0 0.3 35.1 1.9 26.1 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S)**  **48.7 3.5 (S) (S) (S) SCTG 11, Natural Sands**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 – 8.3 – 15.7 – 10.7**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 2.0 9.1 2.1 10.3 5.0 9.2**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 2.4 9.5 2.2 10.8 4.4 8.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 2.4 11.5 2.4 16.5 3.2 11.3 Private truck
........................... 10.6 2.9 12.0 2.8 9.7 2.5 7.1 Rail
.................................... 13.4 1.3 19.6 0.5 17.9 2.8 9.4 Water
................................... 29.8 0.2 23.2 0.5 45.3 0.8 33.3

Shallow draft
.......................... 35.4 0.2 23.4 0.5 46.6 0.8 47.7 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 30.9 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **33.7 1.9 27.3 1.1 47.8 4.7 9.9** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 31.0 0.1 35.6 – 37.9 – 29.4 Truck and rail
............................. 39.3 1.9 41.7 1.0 (S) (S) 8.4 Truck and water
........................... 43.5 0.2 34.5 0.8 43.4 3.1 40.4 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **21.2 0.5 44.3 1.8 (S) (S) 34.9** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-26 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 12, Gravel and Crushed Stone Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 – 2.9 – 10.5 – 3.7**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.6 3.2 0.8 12.4 3.5 3.6**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 1.1 3.4 1.3 18.3 4.4 3.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.5 4.1 1.2 27.0 3.6 6.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.7 4.3 1.3 5.9 2.3 3.8 Rail
.................................... 13.4 0.5 16.3 0.6 19.3 3.3 15.7 Water
................................... 25.8 0.3 32.3 0.8 27.6 2.6 21.7

Shallow draft
.......................... 36.5 0.3 47.2 0.9 42.6 3.0 22.0 Great Lakes
........................... 23.1 0.2 18.2 0.5 21.0 3.0 9.1 Deep draft
............................ 39.9 0.1 39.3 – 39.1 0.1 4.1 Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – – Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **18.2 0.6 21.2 0.8 29.2 3.6 15.7** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail
............................. 22.0 0.4 20.3 0.3 24.1 1.3 24.3 Truck and water
........................... 35.2 0.4 40.0 0.8 39.3 3.0 21.9 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 40.2 1.4 21.4 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **17.4 0.3 18.2 0.3 29.5 0.3 36.7 SCTG 13, Nonmetallic Minerals, n.e.c.**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 6.1 – 8.3 – 16.6**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 2.2 5.8 1.2 8.6 1.8**  **10.1** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 2.6 8.1 3.6 8.5 2.8 9.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 2.2 8.3 3.6 9.7 2.5 8.1 Private truck
........................... 10.4 3.0 16.4 4.3 15.4 1.6 14.4 Rail
.................................... 14.8 1.6 19.4 2.5 15.4 3.1 6.5 Water
................................... 23.5 0.4 36.6 2.8 39.4 4.4 (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 24.8 0.5 41.3 3.1 42.4 4.9 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.6 5.2 (S) (S) 7.6 Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 45.5 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 27.4 Pipeline 4
................................. 43.4 2.5 45.2 11.5 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **30.8 2.2 21.5 0.9 14.2 1.9 9.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 33.7 0.9 26.8 – 31.9 – 9.4 Truck and rail
............................. 16.3 0.5 20.6 0.6 14.3 1.5 12.9 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 46.1 0.8 21.3 Rail and water
............................ 43.3 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 20.8 Other multiple modes
...................... 41.1 0.2 46.3 0.7 33.4 1.0 24.4 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **44.8 0.6 (S) (S) 40.6 0.3 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-27 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 14, Metallic Ores and Concentrates Total**  **2 ........................**  **15.8 – 17.4 – 29.4 – 9.4 Single modes**  **...................... 15.2 4.0 21.1 7.2 15.8 9.2 18.0**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.7 4.2 14.6 4.6 16.1 2.5 19.3

For-hire truck
.......................... 15.7 3.8 19.5 3.3 19.1 2.3 9.8 Private truck
........................... 44.7 2.3 25.5 2.4 36.3 0.8 34.9 Rail
.................................... 21.0 3.3 24.3 7.0 24.1 5.2 18.7 Water
................................... 44.0 1.3 (S) (S) 23.5 6.7 21.1

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 44.0 1.3 (S) (S) 23.5 6.7 21.1 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.2 – (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **22.0 3.8 41.8 7.2 47.4 9.2 11.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 29.7 0.9 (S) (S) (S) (S) 10.0 Truck and rail
............................. 30.4 3.6 36.9 6.2 29.3 3.0 16.2 Truck and water
........................... 30.8 3.5 42.7 8.9 48.0 10.3 8.8 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)**  **SCTG 15, Coal Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 – 7.6 – 12.2 – 8.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 1.8 8.0 2.0 12.8 2.6 8.4**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 1.7 11.3 2.1 18.7 0.5 9.8

For-hire truck
.......................... 13.5 1.6 17.5 1.6 24.1 0.5 10.4 Private truck
........................... 15.7 1.2 16.8 1.7 18.3 0.1 18.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 2.6 9.9 2.8 13.1 2.8 11.0 Water
................................... 35.8 2.2 34.7 1.8 36.8 0.7 44.5

Shallow draft
.......................... 35.8 2.2 34.7 1.8 36.8 0.7 44.5 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – – Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – – Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **25.5 1.3 20.8 0.8 23.5 2.8 36.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail
............................. 29.8 0.4 43.2 0.5 29.0 0.2 (S) Truck and water
........................... 32.0 1.0 32.6 0.5 33.1 0.3 5.9 Rail and water
............................ 45.2 1.0 33.1 0.7 32.4 2.7 (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 33.8 0.9 32.8 0.7 31.2 2.3 23.2 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **37.8 2.1 32.5 2.5 (S) (S) 36.7** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-28 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 17, Gasoline and Aviation Turbine Fuel Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 – 4.3 – 9.7 – 6.5**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 0.5 4.4 0.6 9.0 2.7 5.0**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 1.9 6.2 2.2 6.6 4.1 4.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 2.2 9.0 2.3 9.2 2.8 6.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 1.6 9.0 1.7 9.6 2.1 6.1 Rail
.................................... 39.8 0.3 41.1 0.3 (S) (S) 18.4 Water
................................... 26.5 0.8 27.9 0.9 36.6 2.6 18.0

Shallow draft
.......................... 27.4 0.6 28.3 0.7 35.9 0.7 (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 26.2 0.4 28.2 0.4 37.5 2.8 17.4 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 6.3 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 2.0 7.3 2.2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **19.1 0.5 20.7 0.6 24.8 2.7 25.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier .......... – – – – – – – Truck and rail
............................. 48.6 0.1 43.8 0.1 46.2 0.2 35.0 Truck and water
........................... 23.5 0.4 24.6 0.4 37.2 3.2 (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 21.9 0.5 24.3 0.6 29.9 2.4 (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **30.8 – 31.7 – 32.9 – 26.2 SCTG 18, Fuel Oils**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 – 4.1 – 7.4 – 9.2 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 1.6 4.6 1.6 9.5 4.1 8.7** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 2.6 5.9 2.8 8.9 4.4 5.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 1.8 8.5 2.0 13.8 2.9 11.8 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 1.8 8.2 2.0 12.8 3.2 5.1 Rail
.................................... 23.6 0.2 25.4 0.2 29.4 1.3 (S) Water
................................... 20.6 2.0 19.5 2.3 33.4 4.2 18.7

Shallow draft
.......................... 23.1 1.9 22.1 2.2 27.6 1.6 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft
............................ 28.4 0.5 27.4 0.6 44.9 4.1 15.3 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 35.4 Pipeline 4
................................. 11.7 2.6 12.2 2.8 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **28.3 1.7 25.3 1.7 24.1 4.0 18.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 48.9 – (S) (S) (S) Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23. 1 Truck and water
........................... 33.3 1.3 28.0 1.1 29.9 2.7 32.7 Rail and water
............................ 22.0 0.1 44.7 0.1 19.4 0.3 27.3 Other multiple modes
...................... 26.5 0.8 25.8 0.9 25.0 2.2 19.8 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **17.0 0.1 19.7 0.1 31.3 0.2 24.1** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-29 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 19, Coal and Petroleum Products, n.e.c. Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 – 4.0 – 7.6 –**  **12.9 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1.6 4.2 1.7 8.6 2.3 7.1** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.1 5.0 1.8 5.5 1.8 7.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 1.7 7.9 2.0 7.1 1.7 10.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 1.6 6.5 1.2 14.0 0.9 7.4 Rail
.................................... 18.3 2.0 9.9 1.6 12.1 3.4 6.9 Water
................................... 33.9 1.4 29.4 1.9 37.7 3.6 25.0

Shallow draft
.......................... 31.3 1.1 29.4 1.9 (S) (S) 35.6 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 43.4 0.2 (S) (S) 23.0 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 11.5 Pipeline 4
................................. 15.2 1.9 15.3 1.8 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **14.6 1.2 17.6 0.9 22.6 2.4 10.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 48.9 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 9.8 Truck and rail
............................. 28.2 0.4 28.7 0.2 33.5 0.8 19.7 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 39.7 Rail and water
............................ 34.3 0.8 37.5 0.8 47.0 2.4 33.8 Other multiple modes
...................... 21.5 0.8 21.3 0.6 24.4 1.2 36.2 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **41.1 0.6 44.2 1.2 27.7 0.1 22.4 SCTG 20, Basic Chemicals**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 – 7.0 – 10.7 – 10.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 1.2 7.4 1.6 12.0 2.0 9.5**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 2.1 9.9 3.3 10.2 2.5 10.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 1.9 8.5 1.2 11.7 1.7 4.6 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 1.3 14.9 3.4 18.5 1.6 8.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 1.8 13.1 2.9 16.5 3.4 4.5 Water
................................... 32.0 1.4 24.7 1.7 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 34.0 1.2 28.6 1.4 25.0 0.7 33.8 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 42.8 0.9 (S) (S) 25.0 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 17.2 0.1 42.9 – (S) (S) 15.5 Pipeline 4
................................. 31.0 2.1 31.3 2.4 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **18.3 1.2 24.3 1.6 17.9 2.0 9.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 12.2 0.3 18.6 – 36.4 – 9.3 Truck and rail
............................. 18.0 0.2 29.4 0.2 28.3 0.8 15.2 Truck and water
........................... 45.7 0.3 (S) (S) 27.6 0.1 17.3 Rail and water
............................ 23.1 0.5 24.0 0.4 33.0 0.8 22.5 Other multiple modes
...................... 40.0 1.1 30.5 1.3 28.7 1.4 46.5 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **21.9 0.2 25.1 0.2 33.7 0.4 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-30 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 –**  **11.0 – 8.6 – 6.6 Single modes**  **...................... 10.3 3.3 10.2 2.8 6.7 3.0 11.4**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.7 3.4 10.3 2.9 7.2 2.9 12.9

For-hire truck
.......................... 11.6 3.4 7.2 4.1 9.1 3.7 10.3 Private truck
........................... 14.1 1.1 20.9 4.0 19.9 2.3 11.0 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 40.8 – 43.8 0.1 4.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 29.2 0.7 26.4 0.2 37.3 1.4 5.7 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 3.2**  **11.6 1.1 9.9 1.3 6.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 3.2 12.7 1.2 8.5 1.1 6.2 Truck and rail
............................. 20.9 – 36.6 0.2 42.6 1.3 (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 37.9 – 37.4 0.2 (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **41.9 0.5 43.8 3.1 (S) (S) 21.6 SCTG 22, Fertilizers**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 – 10.3 – 14.9 – 9.5**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 1.5**  **11.0 2.0 18.8 4.0 9.4** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 2.1 9.8 2.5 20.9 3.4 10.0

For-hire truck
.......................... 13.7 3.0 13.8 2.8 24.4 3.0 12.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 2.7 10.4 2.6 11.3 1.2 7.0 Rail
.................................... 23.0 2.6 22.6 2.8 24.7 4.5 3.9 Water
................................... 31.5 0.9 30.9 1.0 43.3 2.6 (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 28.8 1.0 28.1 1.2 41.5 3.1 26.0 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 40.9 – 37.2 – 43.8 – 20.5 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 37.4 Pipeline 4
................................. 32.7 1.8 28.2 1.8 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .....................**  **16.2 1.4 18.3 1.9 19.0 4.0 11.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 34.0 – 26.7 – 22.7 – 12.9 Truck and rail
............................. 20.5 1.2 18.7 1.3 24.0 3.7 12.1 Truck and water
........................... 27.2 0.3 40.8 0.8 31.6 1.6 11.7 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes
...................... 20.5 1.4 23.5 2.1 27.0 3.8 17.9 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **32.0 0.3 39.4 0.3 (S) (S) (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-31 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 23, Chemical Products and Preparations, n.e.c.**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 4.9 – 5.8 – 7.2 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 0.8 4.9 0.7 5.5 1.5 9.6** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 0.9 5.0 0.9 5.7 1.6 9.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 1.3 6.4 1.7 6.1 1.6 8.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 1.0 8.2 1.7 7.9 0.6 5.9 Rail
.................................... 14.3 0.2 13.3 0.7 15.3 1.3 7.3 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 37.2 – 39.8 – (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 15.9 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 6.6 Pipeline 4
................................. 31.7 – 44.4 0.2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 0.8**  **12.9 0.7 15.0 1.5 7.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.7 11.3 0.1 16.1 0.2 7.2 Truck and rail
............................. 14.4 0.3 16.7 0.4 21.0 1.4 5.2 Truck and water
........................... 35.8 0.1 26.1 – 28.3 0.3 18.3 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 19.7 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **16.9 0.2 19.5 0.2 19.8 0.2 26.9 SCTG 24, Plastics and Rubber**  **Total 2** . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 – 4.0 – 4.9 – 8.5 Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 0.4 4.2 0.7 4.6 1.0 7. 6 Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 1.0 3.4 1.9 3.3 2.2 7.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.2 3.2 1.6 3.5 2.0 6.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 1.0 7.1 1.1 14.1 0.8 4.3 Rail
.................................... 13.1 1.0 14.4 1.9 14.9 2.2 7.9 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 33.1 – 26.9

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.9 – (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 41.0 – 45.6 – (S) (S) 30.2 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 16.3 0.1 18.5 – 26.1 – 4.8 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 0.4 7.3 0.5 9.1 1.0 6.1**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 0.5 6.9 0.1 8.5 0.2 6.1 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.3 9.7 0.6 10.8 1.2 4.9 Truck and water
........................... 21.8 0.1 30.7 0.1 38.1 0.4 14.2 Rail and water
............................ 32.7 – 28.5 – 28.4 0.1 20.1 Other multiple modes
...................... 32.7 – 29.9 0.1 (S) (S) 27.2 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **10.6 0.1 26.9 0.6 37.6 0.5 8.5** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-32 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 25, Logs and Other Wood in the Rough Total**  **2 ........................**  **13.1 – 21.0 – 13.9 – 44.2 Single modes**  **...................... 13.0 2.5 21.4 2.4 15.1 5.5 28.5**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 4.3 22.3 3.9 18.8 6.7 30.1

For-hire truck
.......................... 18.3 4.6 27.9 6.2 21.8 5.7 27.5 Private truck
........................... 19.9 4.3 34.5 6.6 30.9 5.5 22.5 Rail
.................................... 34.3 5.5 36.7 4.2 45.5 7.7 21.3 Water ................................... – – – – – – –

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – – Air (includes truck and air) ................... – – – – – – – Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **33.5 2.6 36.4 2.4 37.6 5.7 17.5** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 36.4 – (S) Truck and rail
............................. 37.3 2.5 39.4 1.9 38.6 4.0 18.9 Truck and water
........................... 34.6 1.6 37.3 2.7 (S) (S) 35.3 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **49.8 0.6 29.6 0.5 23.6 0.3 (S) SCTG 26, Wood Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 – 2.7 – 4.2 – 10.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 0.3 2.6 0.5 3.7 1.2**  **16.1** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.4 2.6 0.7 3.8 2.0 6.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.0 3.8 1.3 4.6 1.8 5.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 1.0 4.1 1.2 4.0 0.6 3.6 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 0.3 9.6 0.4 9.9 1.4 4.3 Water
................................... 39.2 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.6 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 39.6 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 39.9 – 40.0 – 37.9 – 13.2 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 0.2**  **15.7 0.4 11.0 1.2 5.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 16.1 0.2 18.4 – 18.4 – 5.3 Truck and rail
............................. 11.1 0.2 10.1 0.2 13.0 1.3 6.1 Truck and water
........................... 14.9 – (S) (S) 31.2 0.6 11.2 Rail and water
............................ 34.7 – 13.0 – 38.1 0.1 34.2 Other multiple modes
...................... 39.8 – 45.3 – (S) (S) 29.5 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 0.2**  **12.1 0.2 19.5 0.2 23.0** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-33 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 27, Pulp, Newsprint, Paper, and Paperboard**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 – 3.6 – 5.8 – 14.6**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 1.5 3.6 1.6 4.4 2.2 8.0**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 1.4 3.9 1.5 4.5 1.9 8.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 1.4 4.3 1.3 4.9 1.7 7.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.1 5.7 0.9 11.2 0.5 5.1 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 0.6 5.0 0.7 6.8 1.2 3.0 Water
................................... 39.7 0.1 42.8 0.1 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 43.3 0.1 46.5 0.2 (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 29.3 – 38.7 – 41.3 – 15.8 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **22.5 1.5 22.3 1.6 21.6 2.2 10.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 15.3 0.2 31.8 0.1 18.8 – 11.2 Truck and rail
............................. 28.3 1.5 24.1 1.7 22.6 2.2 9.6 Truck and water
........................... 33.7 0.1 35.0 0.1 38.5 0.2 35.1 Rail and water
............................ 36.4 0.1 (S) (S) 32.9 0.1 (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 46.1 0.1 (S) (S) 30.2 0.1 25.6 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **23.6 0.2 20.4 0.1 29.3 0.2 19.4 SCTG 28, Paper or Paperboard Articles**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 5.7 – 7.8 – 13.5**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.7 5.7 0.3 7.8 0.7 6.8**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 0.7 5.5 0.8 6.5 1.2 6.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 1.3 4.2 2.2 6.8 1.8 4.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 1.2 10.6 2.1 15.6 1.4 3.1 Rail
.................................... 22.4 0.1 36.8 0.6 35.7 1.3 9.0 Water
................................... 36.3 0.2 38.8 0.4 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 15.4 0.7 14.6 1.2 13.6 0.3 1.4 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 38.0 – 38.0 – 32.3 – 25.8 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **10.6 0.7 15.4 0.3 12.2 0.8 10.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 13.4 0.7 18.1 0.2 22.1 0.5 10.3 Truck and rail
............................. 16.9 0.2 22.7 0.3 16.1 0.7 7.1 Truck and water
........................... 29.1 0.1 29.5 – 28.2 0.2 20.7 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **16.7 0.2 16.0 0.1 31.1 0.3 (S)** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-34 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 29, Printed Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 – 5.0 – 6.8 – 8.7**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 1.9 5.3 1.3 7.3 2.3**  **22.9** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 1.8 5.4 1.3 7.6 2.5 23.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 1.5 7.0 2.0 7.9 2.3 17.7 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 1.4 7.6 2.1 15.5 1.1 19.8 Rail
.................................... 25.4 0.1 29.2 0.3 34.3 1.1 21.7 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 24.4 0.1 21.6 0.1 16.4 0.1 7.8 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 1.7 3.7 0.5 5.3 1.0 6.1**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 1.7 4.2 0.5 5.8 0.9 6.1 Truck and rail
............................. 24.3 0.1 15.3 0.1 15.5 0.4 29.4 Truck and water
........................... 34.5 – 32.9 – (S) (S) 15.4 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **27.3 0.8 33.4 1.3 (S) (S) 19.4 SCTG 30, Textiles, Leather, and Articles of**  **Textiles or Leather Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 – 5.5 – 13.7 – 3.2**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 1.4 6.1 0.8 15.9 1.5 4.5**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 1.3 5.3 0.9 12.5 1.8 4.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 1.5 8.9 1.9 13.7 1.8 4.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 1.1 6.0 2.2 8.8 0.9 13.3 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.8 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 41.8 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.6 – (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 21.2 0.2 23.0 – 29.9 0.2 7.0 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 1.3 4.5 0.5 6.2 1.4 3.0**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.3 4.3 0.5 5.8 1.4 3.0 Truck and rail
............................. 41.1 0.1 26.1 0.2 25.5 0.6 15.4 Truck and water
........................... 35.9 0.1 20.2 0.1 29.8 0.5 15.7 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) 30.1 – (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **18.7 0.5 20.6 0.7 17.5 0.3 26.0** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-35 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 31, Nonmetallic Mineral Products Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 – 4.1 – 6.8 –**  **10.1 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.5 4.0 0.3 5.6 1.1 7.8** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 0.6 4.0 0.4 5.4 1.7 8.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 0.9 6.8 1.1 7.4 1.6 6.9 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 1.0 4.2 1.2 4.5 1.3 6.0 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 0.1 9.9 0.2 13.2 0.9 19.1 Water
................................... 20.8 0.1 23.5 0.1 25.6 0.8 15.1

Shallow draft
.......................... 28.4 0.1 28.8 0.2 31.8 1.1 18.1 Great Lakes
........................... 36.8 0.3 36.7 0.6 27.1 2.1 7.8 Deep draft
............................ 23.4 – 21.3 – 24.5 0.1 17.6 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 26.7 0.2 (S) (S) 44.6 0.1 5.9 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 0.4**  **21.9 0.3 23.5 1.1 5.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 0.4 12.7 – 17.4 0.1 5.2 Truck and rail
............................. 13.5 0.1 27.1 0.2 31.7 1.2 11.6 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 34.1 – 33.4 0.3 20.4 Rail and water
............................ 18.8 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 25.9 0.1 26.0 0.1 30.4 0.6 43.0 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **11.5 0.3 14.9 0.2 25.3 0.3 20.1 SCTG 32, Base Metal in Primary or**  **Semifinished Forms and in Finished Basic Shapes**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 – 3.8 – 6.2 – 10.7**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 0.5 4.0 0.8 5.8 2.0 4.1**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 1.5 3.7 1.2 4.3 2.1 4.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 1.3 4.5 1.5 4.7 1.9 2.7 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 1.0 4.8 1.0 6.3 0.6 3.5 Rail
.................................... 20.1 1.3 9.0 0.8 13.1 1.6 7.9 Water
................................... 26.1 0.1 26.8 0.2 27.9 0.4 16.5

Shallow draft
.......................... 23.8 0.1 24.4 0.2 25.1 0.5 11.8 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 46.7 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.1 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 18.0 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 7.4 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **10.0 0.6 13.5 0.8 18.5 2.0 7.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 0.2 11.7 – 11.5 – 7.2 Truck and rail
............................. 20.1 0.5 15.1 0.7 20.9 1.6 10.3 Truck and water
........................... 41.4 0.2 47.3 0.5 (S) (S) 13.7 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 25.2 – 31.2 0.1 30.9 0.2 17.9 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **12.4 0.2 14.1 0.2 20.8 0.2 25.4** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-36 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 33, Articles of Base Metal Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 – 5.2 – 4.1 – 8.5**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 0.7 5.6 0.8 3.5 1.7 7.7**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 0.7 5.8 1.1 3.2 2.2 8.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 1.1 5.3 2.2 2.9 2.2 7.7 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 1.2 11.0 2.1 12.5 1.1 4.8 Rail
.................................... 16.7 0.2 21.5 0.8 23.5 1.7 27.9 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.1

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 40.9 0.2 (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 24.0 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 – 23.7 – 28.8 0.1 4.6 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 0.6**  **19.4 0.7 21.0 1.7 7.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.6 6.4 0.1 7.6 0.3 7.3 Truck and rail
............................. 17.5 0.1 29.0 0.5 32.6 1.6 19.5 Truck and water
........................... 30.9 0.1 48.0 0.4 40.6 0.7 15.9 Rail and water
............................ 35.2 0.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 38.7 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 0.2**  **12.4 0.2 14.5 0.2 9.8 SCTG 34, Machinery**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 – 3.0 – 5.9 – 5.4 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 0.7 3.3 0.7 6.5 1.3 7.5** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.7 3.4 0.8 6.7 1.4 7.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.7 4.9 1.8 7.5 1.7 6.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 0.5 6.3 1.7 9.3 0.9 8.5 Rail
.................................... 27.8 0.2 26.9 0.3 22.1 0.3 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 28.3

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft
............................ 37.1 – 39.2 – 40.8 – 31.2 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 15.7 0.3 11.2 – 15.2 0.2 3.9 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 0.6 9.4 0.6 10.0 1.1 4.5**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 0.5 4.3 0.2 7.7 0.4 4.5 Truck and rail
............................. 16.0 0.3 19.1 0.5 18.5 1.0 14.7 Truck and water
........................... 25.3 0.1 24.3 0.1 24.6 0.6 14.7 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.7 – (S) (S) 28.8 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 0.3**  **13.2 0.5 27.9 0.5 15.0** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-37 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 35, Electronic and Other Electrical Equipment and Components and Office**  **Equipment Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 – 4.6 – 5.7 – 3.5**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 1.4 5.0 1.7 6.6 1.6 6.5**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1.7 5.0 1.8 6.0 2.0 8.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 1.8 5.5 2.2 6.2 2.0 6.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 0.7 7.8 1.3 12.5 0.5 4.2 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.3 0.7 45.1 1.7 24.9 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 44.2 – (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 45.8 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 11.1 1.0 22.2 0.2 21.6 0.4 3.1 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 1.4 5.8 0.6 7.7 1.3 2.1**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1.5 5.9 0.6 6.0 1.2 2.1 Truck and rail
............................. 30.0 0.1 25.7 0.2 30.3 0.5 9.3 Truck and water
........................... 40.0 0.1 29.5 0.1 38.1 0.7 47.2 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 46.4 – (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **10.4 0.3 25.1 1.6 33.5 1.2 15.7 SCTG 36, Motorized and Other Vehicles**  **(Including Parts) Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 – 5.2 – 5.0 – 6.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 1.9 6.3 1.7 6.2 1.7 8.5**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 2.2 6.6 2.1 7.2 2.8 9.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 2.0 5.5 2.4 8.1 3.0 12.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 1.3 13.8 2.2 11.9 0.9 9.3 Rail
.................................... 29.1 1.4 23.3 1.0 26.3 2.5 8.6 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 33.5

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 35.4 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 34.7 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 24.5 0.2 17.5 – 16.7 0.1 3.5 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 0.4 5.9 0.4 8.6 1.0 6.2**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 0.4 15.2 0.2 15.4 0.3 6.4 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 0.4 7.2 0.3 10.5 1.0 7.2 Truck and water
........................... 24.6 – 22.5 – 21.9 0.1 13.3 Rail and water
............................ 41.3 – 35.1 – 49.6 0.3 27.7 Other multiple modes
...................... 38.9 0.1 (S) (S) 36.4 0.3 31.9 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **24.2 2.0 21.2 1.8 24.5 1.6 26.9** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-38 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 37, Transportation Equipment, n.e.c. Total**  **2 ........................**  **10.6 – 18.1 – 12.1 – 3.9 Single modes**  **...................... 14.8 2.9 20.3 2.2 14.0 2.6 7.1**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 2.4 20.9 4.0 18.6 4.3 8.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 2.0 25.8 4.6 20.0 4.4 5.9 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 1.3 26.4 3.5 18.6 0.7 17.8 Rail
.................................... 27.1 0.3 34.8 4.2 41.5 5.1 12.4 Water
................................... 11.9 0.3 40.7 1.9 3.0 1.1 (S)

Shallow draft
.......................... 14.9 0.3 40.9 1.9 3.0 1.1 (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 – (S) (S) (S) (S) 12.7 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 27.9 3.9 32.3 0.9 29.8 1.2 3.8 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **12.2 3.0 22.7 1.7 20.0 2.2 2.9** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 12.2 2.7 16.7 0.6 15.4 0.7 2.9 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 34.1 2.1 30.4 2.6 25.0 Truck and water
........................... 28.0 0.1 48.6 0.4 (S) (S) 20.8 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes
...................... 15.1 – 9.7 0.1 (S) (S) 45.1 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **24.2 0.3 39.9 1.2 45.3 1.2 12.1 SCTG 38, Precision Instruments and**  **Apparatus Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 –**  **31.1 – 20.0 – 4.3 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 1.7 33.0 2.7 17.7 2.5 8.0**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 2.1 34.4 2.6 19.5 2.0 14.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 1.4 20.8 3.2 15.9 2.2 9.2 Private truck
........................... 13.3 1.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 8.1 Rail .................................... – – – – – – – Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – – Air (includes truck and air)
................... 16.6 1.4 11.9 0.6 18.4 1.3 5.5 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 1.7**  **12.8 3.1 13.8 2.5 4.4** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 1.7 12.6 3.1 12.4 2.5 4.4 Truck and rail
............................. 48.9 0.1 34.3 0.1 47.0 0.2 20.6 Truck and water
........................... 49.4 0.2 34.0 0.2 45.1 0.6 40.8 Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – – **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **16.3 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) 18.9** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-39 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 39, Furniture, Mattresses and Mattress Supports, Lamps, Lighting Fittings, and**  **Illuminated Signs Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 – 6.2 – 7.4 – 5.3**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.8 6.2 1.2 6.2 2.4 5.3**  Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.8 6.2 1.2 6.4 2.4 5.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 1.5 8.4 2.1 7.2 2.5 4.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 1.3 6.9 1.8 8.4 0.9 8.6 Rail
.................................... 29.0 0.1 31.6 0.2 40.7 0.9 20.7 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 42.9

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 42.9 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 34.6 0.1 20.1 – 20.8 – 6.8 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 0.8**  **16.8 0.7 15.8 1.2 3.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 0.7 19.5 0.6 21.0 0.9 3.7 Truck and rail
............................. 40.0 0.4 27.5 0.3 28.4 0.6 (S) Truck and water
........................... 23.7 – 40.2 0.1 43.4 0.4 16.0 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... **– – – – – – – Other and unknown modes**  **........... 18.4 0.3 41.8 0.8 (S) (S) 25.4**  **SCTG 40, Miscellaneous Manufactured Products**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 – 6.3 – 5.0 – 2.4 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 1.2 6.8 0.7 5.4 1.1 9.8** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 1.0 5.9 1.3 5.3 1.1 11.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 1.1 7.4 2.2 5.8 1.3 6.9 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 0.6 7.3 1.7 6.9 0.6 6.2 Rail
.................................... 35.8 0.1 44.7 0.4 40.6 0.7 11.5 Water
................................... 48.8 – (S) (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
................... 11.7 0.3 27.7 0.1 29.5 0.3 4.1 Pipeline 4
................................. 36.0 0.2 5.5 17.2 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.2 8.5 0.5 9.2 1.1 2.2**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 1.1 8.4 0.3 8.8 0.6 2.2 Truck and rail
............................. 23.7 0.1 26.6 0.2 26.5 0.6 12.6 Truck and water
........................... 27.5 0.1 (S) (S) 38.5 0.6 26.3 Rail and water
............................ 41.7 0.1 37.6 – 41.6 0.3 11.4 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **13.3 0.3 14.3 0.5 16.2 0.7 16.3** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-40 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **SCTG 41, Waste and Scrap Total**  **2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 –**  **23.1 – 18.3 – 23.2 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 1.7 24.5 2.0 17.7 3.5 26.3**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 2.3 28.1 3.2 20.3 3.7 27.7

For-hire truck
.......................... 11.2 2.7 15.0 3.6 24.8 4.0 17.4 Private truck
........................... 15.8 2.5 41.7 5.3 33.5 1.7 18.1 Rail
.................................... 18.4 1.6 21.1 2.1 34.6 2.2 11.9 Water
................................... 21.3 0.9 18.6 0.9 25.2 2.9 18.4

Shallow draft
.......................... 17.5 0.6 17.3 1.0 25.4 2.6 7.6 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 40.1 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 22.3 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **15.2 1.3 17.4 1.2 33.6 3.4 8.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 23.7 Truck and rail
............................. 11.5 0.7 19.7 1.1 29.1 2.1 9.3 Truck and water
........................... 42.1 1.4 (S) (S) (S) (S) 27.5 Rail and water
............................ 49.1 0.3 (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
...................... 38.4 0.3 (S) (S) 22.7 0.3 40.3 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **26.4 0.5 38.9 1.2 (S) (S) 21.1 SCTG 43, Mixed Freight**  **Total 2** **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 – 2.9 – 3.0 – 4.7 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.4 2.9 0.2 2.9 0.9 4.4** Truck3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 0.4 2.9 0.2 3.0 1.1 4.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 1.1 8.1 1.7 4.6 1.2 9.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 1.2 3.3 1.6 3.0 1.2 3.8 Rail
.................................... 27.3 0.1 24.7 0.1 24.0 0.5 6.3 Water
................................... 47.7 – 35.5 – (S) (S) 41.8

Shallow draft
.......................... 34.6 – 39.4 – 36.0 – 17.5 Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 38.6 – (S) (S) 30.1 Air (includes truck and air)
................... 23.9 – 36.0 – 32.8 0.1 7.6 Pipeline 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 0.5**  **12.4 0.2 14.1 0.9 3.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 0.4 9.1 0.1 8.1 0.2 3.8 Truck and rail
............................. 38.7 0.2 28.3 0.1 27.1 0.8 11.2 Truck and water
........................... 19.5 – 17.1 – 18.7 0.2 11.0 Rail and water
............................ 39.0 0.1 24.9 – 27.8 0.4 12.9 Other multiple modes
...................... 39.5 0.1 45.1 – 45.7 0.5 2.9 **Other and unknown modes ...........**  **12.3 0.1 18.8 0.2 36.0 0.3 35.4** See footnotes at end of table. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-41 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census SCTG code, description, and mode of transportation Value Tons Ton-miles 1 Average miles per shipment— coefficient of variation Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage Coefficient of variation of number Standard error of percentage **Commodity Unknown Total**  **2 ........................**  **16.2 – (S) – 26.0 – 18.7 Single modes**  **...................... 21.9 5.3 23.7 4.5 29.9 6.9 26.2**  Truck3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 5.0 22.8 5.4 32.8 7.3 6.7

For-hire truck
.......................... 25.7 3.6 31.5 6.2 40.1 9.0 (S) Private truck
........................... 21.5 4.9 30.9 6.5 37.1 6.1 9.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 32.3 Water ................................... – – – – – – –

Shallow draft .......................... – – – – – – – Great Lakes ........................... – – – – – – – Deep draft ............................ – – – – – – – Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 29.8 Pipeline 4 ................................. – – – – – – – **Multiple modes .....................**  **24.1 5.1 (S) (S) (S) (S) 13.5** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.......... 24.1 5.0 30.8 1.1 39.9 6.5 13.5 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water ........................... – – – – – – – Rail and water ............................ – – – – – – – Other multiple modes ...................... – – – – – – – **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S)**  **47.7 2.6 (S) (S) (S)** – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate does not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability or poor response quality. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2 Estimates exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). 3 “Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by only private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 4 Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16).` Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>. 

## Table B-7. 

# Estimated Measures of Reliability for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

## B-42 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 3.6**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.1 2.6 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.2 3.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 3.2 4.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 3.4 3.3 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 3.5 3.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 9.7 9.7 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 7.6 7.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.1 4.4 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.6 6.8 **SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish ....................................................**  **25.3 20.4 39.1** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 24.3 23.9 25.4 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 26.7 26.7 29.1 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 29.8 25.2 27.4 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 44.2 39.4 42.5 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 37.5 35.0 35.0 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 34.3 31.2 30.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 41.1 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 02, Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.3**  **11.3** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 9.5 11.6 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 23.0 18.8 17.1 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 18.7 16.8 19.5 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 13.9 12.1 11.8 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 15.5 14.4 14.2 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 23.2 24.1 24.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 15.7 14.7 14.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 44.1 47.9 45.1 **SCTG 03, Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.0 6.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.2 10.1 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 14.8 13.9 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 10.4 7.6 9.4 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.9 11.6 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 12.2 11.0 12.3 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 11.9 21.0 22.6 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 13.6 14.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 15.6 16.6 16.0 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.5 15.4 15.4 **SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.4 9.2**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 9.4 10.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.1 8.3 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 13.0 10.2 10.0 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 7.4 8.1 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 14.0 23.5 27.9 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 15.2 14.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 10.9 12.0 12.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 12.8 28.4 27.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-43 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.0 8.3**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.8 12.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.6 6.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.8 6.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.9 5.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.9 5.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 6.5 7.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.6 9.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 6.5 6.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 15.8 38.9 (S) **SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 5.6**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.6 7.4 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.4 8.6 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.8 6.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 7.1 7.1 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.7 8.0 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 11.8 12.5 13.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 6.9 7.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 13.9 18.1 19.3 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 15.2 9.5 9.5 **SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.1 4.7**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.6 11.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 6.1 6.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.8 4.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.6 4.5 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 4.4 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.6 7.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.2 7.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.8 8.0 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 14.4 14.9 **SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.5 6.2**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.7 3.3 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.8 9.4 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 10.1 9.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 9.6 9.1 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 10.7 9.9 10.6 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 14.5 23.5 25.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 10.8 10.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 14.9 20.3 20.4 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 13.8 15.9 15.7 **SCTG 09, Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5**  **26.9 10.4** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 13.8 34.2 22.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 23.2 27.7 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 16.7 17.7 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 20.0 13.4 13.1 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 21.0 20.8 21.5 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 19.1 19.5 20.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 20.2 24.4 25.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 25.6 23.7 23.5 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 24.7 22.2 21.7 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-44 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone ................................................**  **14.5 20.5 13.1** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 19.2 25.3 25.9 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 17.1 18.3 17.8 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 24.0 22.4 23.7 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 12.2 16.2 15.0 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 26.0 27.5 27.3 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 35.3 29.4 29.6 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 34.3 28.8 28.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 31.3 27.0 27.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 34.6 44.8 45.3 **SCTG 11, Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.3**  **15.7** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 10.3 9.9 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 12.2 14.6 14.1 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 10.3 23.2 24.3 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 12.3 14.7 15.3 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 16.9 21.6 23.7 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 31.2 45.5 46.7 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 24.8 21.9 23.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 37.7 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 40.7 (S) (S) **SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9**  **10.5** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 2.9 3.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 10.9 11.9 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 10.7 15.2 16.5 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 13.0 28.8 25.5 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 19.0 24.2 25.8 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 26.6 30.3 30.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 40.1 29.4 29.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 28.7 45.7 45.1 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 34.0 28.4 28.3 **SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.1 8.3**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 9.6 9.4 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 12.7 11.6 11.9 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.9 18.5 17.6 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 15.4 13.0 13.1 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 12.6 16.0 16.2 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 18.5 25.4 26.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 19.1 19.0 19.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 12.9 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 44.0 25.0 23.9 **SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates ...............................................**  **15.8 17.4 29.4** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 17.2 21.3 17.6 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 21.6 45.2 44.4 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 44.9 25.5 24.1 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 13.4 (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 45.1 43.6 43.1 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 31.0 (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 36.2 (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 35.7 28.0 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 27.5 37.8 22.4 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-45 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 15, Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.6**  **12.2** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 10.8 12.7 10.3 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 15.8 19.0 15.2 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 14.8 13.7 16.3 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 21.4 16.7 15.6 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 15.5 12.5 11.0 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 22.8 22.1 21.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 15.6 19.2 18.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 9.7**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.9 6.2 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 11.7 14.4 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.7 9.0 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 20.1 20.1 21.4 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 35.7 35.2 34.3 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 38.1 39.5 37.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 40.2 42.5 43.2 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 16.8 13.1 **SCTG 18, Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.1 7.4**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.3 9.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 11.0 11.7 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 10.2 13.7 11.0 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 23.1 24.0 20.8 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 21.2 32.5 32.0 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 38.7 37.7 39.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 49.2 (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 25.4 35.5 34.8 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 7.6**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.2 7.5 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 11.9 15.7 14.2 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 10.8 7.3 9.4 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 13.3 13.4 11.0 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 11.6 14.9 17.9 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 15.1 25.8 27.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 17.6 14.1 14.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 31.9 35.3 36.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 48.9 48.6 49.1 **SCTG 20, Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.0**  **10.7** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 12.8 11.0 14.1 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 16.7 12.3 14.4 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 12.2 12.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 10.9 10.3 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 23.3 26.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 16.1 16.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 17.8 18.5 20.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 17.3 20.9 19.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 16.9 22.9 22.4 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-46 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2**  **11.0 8.6** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 22.7 14.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 23.6 24.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.6 9.0 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 12.1 10.5 11.1 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 13.0 32.3 33.5 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 19.5 12.0 13.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 13.5 10.0 9.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 19.5 16.9 17.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 12.6 14.8 14.8 **SCTG 22, Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2**  **10.3 14.9** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 11.4 8.9 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 13.3 13.2 12.6 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.9 11.9 12.8 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 16.4 17.8 17.9 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 19.3 17.8 17.5 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 19.9 21.5 20.5 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 22.3 26.2 25.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 20.3 21.0 20.3 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.9 5.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.0 9.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 7.9 8.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.9 6.0 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.0 7.2 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 5.7 5.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.2 8.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 6.7 6.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.0 9.9 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 12.9 17.7 17.5 **SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.0 4.9**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 7.1 6.8 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.8 8.4 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 4.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.7 3.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.8 6.1 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 11.7 12.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.0 6.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 9.0 11.0 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.6 8.4 **SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough .............................................**  **13.1 21.0 13.9** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 20.3 25.0 25.9 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 16.3 31.4 30.0 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 15.1 29.0 27.2 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 24.2 33.8 34.3 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 42.2 48.2 (S) 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 21.9 28.1 27.5 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 30.7 (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-47 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 26, Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.7 4.2**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 4.6 5.2 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.0 5.3 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.5 3.8 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 4.4 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 4.7 5.1 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 12.6 11.6 11.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 4.8 5.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 10.4 10.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 11.2 14.1 13.7 **SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 5.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.5 5.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.4 8.8 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 5.3 5.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.2 5.3 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.3 6.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 6.8 6.5 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 10.3 12.5 12.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 11.2 11.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 12.6 16.5 18.3 **SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.7 7.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 9.2 6.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 14.5 13.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 7.9 7.2 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.5 8.5 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 9.0 9.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 10.1 10.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 10.2 9.1 9.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 13.8 14.3 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 10.1 23.6 23.3 **SCTG 29, Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.0 6.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.0 6.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 11.8 15.8 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.0 11.8 12.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 8.3 9.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.5 6.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 12.3 12.6 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 16.4 15.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 16.9 17.8 17.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 15.3 11.6 10.9 **SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.5**  **13.7** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.9 8.0 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 11.1 8.1 8.9 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.5 5.1 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 7.5 8.5 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.3 6.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.0 9.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 12.4 13.8 14.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 10.8 30.9 30.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 13.7 26.5 27.2 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-48 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.1 6.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 4.4 4.1 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 4.5 4.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.8 6.8 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 5.3 5.4 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 13.0 14.4 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 10.3 10.7 11.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 10.4 25.3 23.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 12.6 30.8 30.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 15.9 12.5 12.2 **SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.8 6.2**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.5 6.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.7 5.6 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.5 5.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.8 6.1 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 8.3 8.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 13.1 16.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 25.6 14.0 13.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 24.1 16.9 16.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 10.3 20.1 21.2 **SCTG 33, Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 4.1**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 8.4 13.2 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 15.2 14.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 7.1 6.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 3.9 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.8 5.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.2 5.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 13.3 14.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 8.7 8.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 18.0 14.0 14.0 **SCTG 34, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.0 5.9**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.6 7.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.7 4.4 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 6.5 6.9 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 6.9 6.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.9 7.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 9.8 9.6 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 11.6 11.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.1 6.9 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 11.2 24.8 26.2 **SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . 2.7 4.6 5.7**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 8.9 9.9 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10.4 10.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 10.7 11.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 7.1 7.3 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 4.7 4.9 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 9.4 9.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.7 9.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 10.3 11.4 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 10.8 11.0 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-49 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 5.0**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 10.9 10.8 10.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 6.6 6.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.7 6.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.7 6.0 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 12.0 7.4 7.8 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.6 6.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.2 7.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 10.9 14.8 14.1 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 28.5 14.3 14.3 **SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. ..............................................**  **10.6 18.1 12.1** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 10.8 42.6 40.6 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 18.3 20.6 19.9 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 17.1 20.9 21.2 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 12.3 24.4 22.3 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 14.2 12.9 13.8 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 13.9 28.8 31.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 21.3 24.4 24.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 37.6 10.8 10.5 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 12.8 19.0 18.3 **SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6**  **31.1 20.0** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 39.5 35.4 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 17.5 44.7 37.3 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 23.6 23.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 42.2 37.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 31.6 28.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 18.7 19.5 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 26.8 27.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.5 8.8 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 11.3 11.7 **SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.2 7.4** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.1 8.1 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 10.6 11.9 11.3 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 9.0 8.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 10.8 9.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 5.4 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.1 8.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 22.9 25.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.6 8.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 15.8 11.0 10.8 **SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 6.3 5.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 11.1 8.3 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 10.0 10.4 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 12.6 10.5 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.9 6.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.4 6.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.9 8.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 12.3 12.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.0 6.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.2 7.2 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-50 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-8. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 41, Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3**  **23.1 18.3** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 15.1 35.0 37.0 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 16.2 38.8 38.6 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.7 9.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 16.0 16.6 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 14.7 24.2 23.7 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 21.6 29.8 28.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 20.2 37.6 32.0 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 19.9 25.3 24.1 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 25.3 36.7 42.1 **SCTG, 43, Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.9 3.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 4.5 3.6 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.2 4.3 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.1 3.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.5 6.2 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 10.7 9.6 10.6 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.2 9.7 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 11.2 10.3 11.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 11.3 12.8 12.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 8.2 8.2 **Commodity unknown ................................................................**  **16.2 (S) 26.0** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 17.8 32.0 33.5 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 42.9 (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 33.4 48.4 48.3 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 45.6 (S) 48.4 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 49.5 (S) (S) 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 48.9 (S) (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 30.1 (S) (S) 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 35.6 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 27.3 47.6 48.1 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two p oints on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-51 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.6 3.6**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.1 3.4 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 2.0 3.9 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.4 3.4 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 1.3 2.4 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 1.7 5.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.1 1.7 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 1.8 1.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.2 3.1 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.3 5.9 **SCTG 01, Live animals and live fish ....................................................**  **25.3 20.4 39.1** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 32.3 41.8 (S) 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 19.1 30.0 32.6 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 27.5 34.8 40.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 49.6 43.0 (S) 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 37.5 35.6 (S) 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 33.0 22.6 44.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 25.9 22.2 47.1 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 44.5 44.5 (S) **SCTG 02, Cereal grains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 6.3**  **11.3** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 49.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 41.6 (S) 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 22.0 29.3 (S) 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 36.8 28.2 27.7 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 27.0 20.1 33.5 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 18.7 23.5 25.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 14.9 14.2 31.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 10.7 12.9 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 10.1 9.1 11.7 **SCTG 03, Other agricultural products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 4.0 6.0**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 14.3 13.8 30.6 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 16.7 13.2 11.8 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.0 9.0 8.8 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.6 8.2 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 11.3 11.5 10.8 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 12.1 11.6 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.8 8.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.3 7.4 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.3 10.8 **SCTG 04, Animal feed and products of animal origin, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 6.4 9.2**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 43.4 43.2 (S) 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 33.9 23.6 43.5 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 14.3 13.4 18.9 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 16.4 14.3 18.8 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 11.9 13.9 13.9 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 15.0 12.0 23.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 6.4 5.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 9.4 14.3 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 23.5 10.8 15.2 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-52 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 05, Meat, fish, seafood, and their preparations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.0 8.3**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 12.1 9.7 28.4 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 10.2 9.4 14.3 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.4 9.9 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.9 11.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 9.6 13.1 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 8.3 5.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.5 4.0 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 14.7 16.8 28.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 16.2 19.4 (S) **SCTG 06, Milled grain products and preparations and bakery products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.6 5.6**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 24.8 17.1 35.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 12.4 15.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.5 16.4 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 13.2 12.6 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 14.4 17.3 16.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.9 8.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.1 6.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 11.9 14.9 14.2 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.1 8.0 12.7 **SCTG 07, Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 3.1 4.7**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 12.9 11.4 11.6 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.4 14.8 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.9 11.8 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.2 12.5 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.0 12.4 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 4.3 5.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 3.7 4.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 11.3 14.5 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 5.9 8.9 **SCTG 08, Alcoholic beverages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.5 6.2**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 43.4 11.3 27.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 6.4 9.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 4.4 7.1 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 3.6 7.9 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.2 9.3 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.1 10.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.5 7.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 15.9 13.8 19.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.4 14.8 15.1 **SCTG 09, Tobacco products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5**  **26.9 10.4** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 12.3 16.6 45.2 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 11.0 8.9 19.9 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 7.2 11.4 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 12.6 14.7 18.5 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 16.2 14.6 26.1 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 11.0 15.3 19.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 15.1 37.2 15.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 45.5 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-53 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 10, Monumental or building stone ................................................**  **14.5 20.5 13.1** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 32.3 29.1 48.3 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 21.3 16.3 35.1 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 20.1 20.6 21.6 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 29.0 20.2 41.9 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 21.9 23.6 36.7 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 22.7 21.4 21.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 15.5 25.3 15.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 27.3 25.7 19.0 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 34.2 32.9 36.9 **SCTG 11, Natural sands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 8.3**  **15.7** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 35.6 27.9 39.1 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 34.5 33.5 (S) 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 31.3 27.6 25.2 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 35.0 20.0 35.2 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 30.5 29.7 23.5 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 33.7 13.5 26.7 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 10.2 12.3 10.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.8 9.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.6 14.5 27.4 **SCTG 12, Gravel and crushed stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 2.9**  **10.5** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 17.6 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 24.7 (S) 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 37.9 24.6 36.0 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 37.7 20.8 36.6 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 11.5 7.2 12.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.0 3.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 4.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 11.8 17.7 **SCTG 13, Nonmetallic minerals, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.1 8.3**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 34.3 20.4 25.3 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 23.9 27.4 43.3 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 26.0 21.1 33.0 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 36.4 45.4 (S) 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 28.0 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 15.0 12.0 12.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 11.3 10.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 11.5 9.4 13.5 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 12.2 14.7 12.1 **SCTG 14, Metallic ores and concentrates ...............................................**  **15.8 17.4 29.4** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 25.6 33.9 41.5 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 25.2 33.1 29.7 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 21.1 45.1 (S) 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 41.0 (S) (S) 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.7 34.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 23.9 20.2 21.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 28.7 32.4 32.2 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 15.4 19.0 31.0 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-54 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 15, Coal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 7.6**  **12.2** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 45.3 28.5 31.5 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 31.4 38.7 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 34.9 34.9 38.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 20.5 21.3 21.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 10.1 9.5 18.7 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.5 12.3 **SCTG 17, Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.3 9.7**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 35.6 38.1 33.2 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 28.6 26.6 29.7 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 16.3 15.3 26.5 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 17.5 17.5 29.3 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 16.1 15.7 35.9 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 11.7 11.4 14.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.0 7.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 6.6 7.9 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.1 14.5 **SCTG 18, Fuel oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.1 7.4**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 28.5 17.2 19.4 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 37.5 12.5 16.1 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.5 10.1 18.2 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 9.1 23.7 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 8.5 13.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 5.9 6.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 6.2 17.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.9 9.7 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.9 12.3 **SCTG 19, Coal and petroleum products, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.0 7.6**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 32.3 23.6 47.4 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 18.3 12.0 29.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.7 13.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 7.1 13.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.2 10.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 5.9 10.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 6.7 7.0 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 7.1 12.5 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 7.0 9.9 **SCTG 20, Basic chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.0**  **10.7** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 12.1 24.1 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 16.9 18.1 (S) 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.2 13.0 13.8 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 10.8 7.5 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 11.8 14.0 7.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.5 5.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 13.2 10.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 48.2 23.9 22.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 12.9 10.9 13.2 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-55 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 21, Pharmaceutical products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2**  **11.0 8.6** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 8.1 8.6 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 13.3 13.9 10.9 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 10.8 12.7 11.2 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 13.5 14.0 10.0 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 21.7 13.3 11.8 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 13.8 17.3 10.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 23.2 7.9 11.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 48.1 (S) 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 49.1 (S) (S) **SCTG 22, Fertilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2**  **10.3 14.9** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 22.6 13.7 28.2 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 23.1 18.7 20.6 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 13.9 12.0 13.5 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 15.7 11.8 29.0 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 16.9 19.3 22.4 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 12.2 22.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 11.7 15.0 18.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 11.0 9.8 16.2 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.5 14.9 16.2 **SCTG 23, Chemical products and preparations, n.e.c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 4.9 5.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 8.7 12.6 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 9.0 16.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 7.0 14.8 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 10.5 6.2 15.2 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 14.5 6.9 12.0 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 5.8 6.8 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 5.8 6.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 14.1 15.6 20.0 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 13.3 11.8 15.5 **SCTG 24, Plastics and rubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 4.0 4.9**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 6.1 8.2 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 9.3 9.7 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 6.2 8.2 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.5 5.1 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 6.3 6.3 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 3.0 3.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.2 4.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 24.5 16.4 18.2 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 11.8 12.2 13.0 **SCTG 25, Logs and other wood in the rough .............................................**  **13.1 21.0 13.9** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 38.1 (S) 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 34.3 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 29.9 30.1 43.5 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 31.1 27.2 (S) 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 32.0 26.4 (S) 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 18.4 25.0 29.3 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 17.0 24.9 22.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 17.5 23.6 24.1 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 25.1 (S) 34.3 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-56 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 26, Wood products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 2.7 4.2**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 12.8 17.2 24.2 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 12.2 11.5 21.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.0 13.2 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 6.0 17.9 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 5.6 17.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.2 6.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.7 3.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 7.4 9.4 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 8.5 8.9 **SCTG 27, Pulp, newsprint, paper, and paperboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 3.6 5.8**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 16.1 8.2 18.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 11.1 31.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 6.7 10.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 7.8 11.1 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 8.1 12.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 3.9 5.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.0 4.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 13.7 13.2 11.8 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 8.1 11.0 **SCTG 28, Paper or paperboard articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 5.7 7.8**  Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 11.1 15.7 28.7 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 14.2 14.3 28.1 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 5.8 10.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 7.1 18.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 7.7 14.9 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 6.0 6.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.8 6.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 22.5 35.1 31.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 23.6 24.1 38.7 **SCTG 29, Printed products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.0 6.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.5 7.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.1 9.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.9 5.4 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 15.3 7.8 10.9 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 17.8 5.9 11.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 4.1 10.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 7.8 9.3 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 26.2 30.2 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.9 (S) **SCTG 30, Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.5**  **13.7** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.7 4.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 6.8 7.7 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.1 6.7 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.7 9.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 9.7 8.3 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 6.4 8.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 15.6 10.1 23.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 21.1 30.8 28.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 39.4 33.4 (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-57 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 31, Nonmetallic mineral products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 4.1 6.8**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 10.7 20.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.1 16.4 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 11.2 8.3 14.5 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 14.1 7.3 12.2 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 11.8 9.1 15.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 4.4 9.2 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 4.4 3.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 9.6 9.3 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 11.1 20.3 **SCTG 32, Base metal in primary or semifinished forms and in finished basic shapes . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.8 6.2**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 7.6 9.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.9 14.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.0 6.9 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 4.3 8.4 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.0 9.0 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 3.9 3.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 3.4 4.5 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.3 9.4 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 17.6 9.1 12.8 **SCTG 33, Articles of base metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 4.1**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.1 9.7 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.5 8.3 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 3.4 10.0 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.4 6.2 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 4.8 7.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.6 5.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 6.2 3.7 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 15.0 27.5 17.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.4 16.3 18.9 **SCTG 34, Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 3.0 5.9**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 3.8 8.6 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.7 7.6 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.2 6.1 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 6.0 6.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 3.8 4.9 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 3.3 5.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.5 10.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 11.5 17.4 17.0 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 19.0 17.0 22.7 **SCTG 35, Electronic and other electrical equipment and components and office equipment . . . . . 2.7 4.6 5.7**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.1 7.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 6.8 10.5 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.3 5.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 5.3 6.1 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 13.6 42.1 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 4.8 6.1 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 14.1 8.1 9.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 13.8 25.3 21.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 38.7 32.3 43.0 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-58 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 36, Motorized and other vehicles (including parts) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 5.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 6.9 11.7 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 10.6 11.5 24.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 9.0 23.2 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 5.6 10.4 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 7.2 8.3 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 10.6 10.7 12.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 8.6 8.2 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 10.6 11.9 15.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 29.8 25.8 29.0 **SCTG 37, Transportation equipment, n.e.c. ..............................................**  **10.6 18.1 12.1** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.0 10.0 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 6.8 7.4 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 13.1 10.9 14.7 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 28.9 16.3 19.8 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 45.8 22.1 27.4 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 17.5 11.8 14.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 15.0 31.1 23.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 36.7 29.2 29.8 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 25.8 24.3 **SCTG 38, Precision instruments and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6**  **31.1 20.0** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 14.2 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 10.9 15.9 8.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 18.4 9.6 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 28.1 14.2 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 13.2 36.7 21.0 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 45.4 22.6 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 18.3 33.3 27.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 44.8 (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) **SCTG 39, Furniture, mattresses and mattress supports, lamps, lighting fittings, and illuminated signs**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 6.2 7.4** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 23.4 30.1 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 12.4 16.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 6.9 8.3 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 9.6 10.0 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 9.3 12.7 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.9 6.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 12.5 12.6 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 25.8 29.7 24.8 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 29.0 31.2 44.6 **SCTG 40, Miscellaneous manufactured products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 6.3 5.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 12.2 11.8 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 9.5 15.0 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 8.7 5.9 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.7 8.8 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 5.3 9.2 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 2.8 4.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 8.8 7.1 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 29.8 13.5 27.0 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 22.5 27.3 29.7 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-59 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-9. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Two-Digit Commodity and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] SCTG code, description, and distance shipped 1 (based on Great Circle Distance) Value— coefficient of variation of number Tons— coefficient of variation of number Ton-miles 2
— coefficient of variation of number **SCTG 41, Waste and scrap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3**  **23.1 18.3** Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 37.9 (S) 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 39.2 (S) (S) 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 27.3 (S) 38.9 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 44.4 49.2 49.9 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 17.5 17.9 25.4 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 10.5 28.6 20.9 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 19.0 40.1 29.6 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 14.6 13.2 26.9 **SCTG, 43, Mixed freight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.9 3.0**  Less than 50 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.2 7.5 50 to 99 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 5.5 7.2 100 to 249 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 6.0 250 to 499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 5.2 500 to 749 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.9 6.5 750 to 999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.1 4.9 1,000 to 1,499 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 3.8 3.8 1,500 to 1,999 miles
....................................................................... 13.3 24.0 17.7 2,000 miles or more
........................................................................ 28.6 18.4 30.3 **Commodity unknown ................................................................**  **16.2 (S) 26.0** Less than 50 miles
......................................................................... 12.2 17.7 (S) 50 to 99 miles
............................................................................ 47.3 30.8 (S) 100 to 249 miles
.......................................................................... 33.6 26.9 26.8 250 to 499 miles
.......................................................................... 28.9 31.4 39.4 500 to 749 miles
.......................................................................... 30.4 21.7 33.2 750 to 999 miles
.......................................................................... 25.4 24.4 37.0 1,000 to 1,499 miles
....................................................................... 26.3 22.9 33.4 1,500 to 1,999 miles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 2,000 miles or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Shipments are grouped into distance categories based on Great Circle Distance (GCD). GCD is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere over the surface of that sphere. 2Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-60 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-10. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value— coefficient of

variation of

number Tons— coefficient of

variation of

number Ton-miles 1
— coefficient of

variation of

number Average miles per shipment— coefficient of

variation of

number 212 Mining (except oil and gas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1 4.4 311 Food manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6 10.0 312 Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4 18.2 313 Textile mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7 6.4 314 Textile product mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9 5.2 315 Apparel manufacturing
......................................................................... 10.6 20.6 31.1 4.8 316 Leather and allied product manufacturing
.......................................................... 10.0 21.7 23.8 4.4 321 Wood product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4 6. 8 322 Paper manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.7 323 Printing and related support activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6 5.9 324 Petroleum and coal products manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5 12.4 325 Chemical manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5 3.8 326 Plastics and rubber products manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8 3.6 327 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0 6.7 331 Primary metal manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7 3.7 332 Fabricated metal product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7 2.6 333 Machinery manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7 3.1 334 Computer and electronic product manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7 2.8 335 Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3 3.5 336 Transportation equipment manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3 2.4 337 Furniture manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8 3.2 339 Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 11.7 15.9 4.3 4231 Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 17.4 11.1 13.1 4232 Furniture and home furnishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0 20.7 7.5 4233 Lumber and other construction materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4 13.8 10.8 4234 Professional and commercial equipment and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2 14.3 5.8 4235 Metal and mineral (except petroleum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 10.7 13.8 8.3 4236 Electrical and electronic goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4 14.1 6.0 4237 Hardware, and plumbing and heating equipment and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 11.1 12.9 6.8 4238 Machinery, equipment, and supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 13.1 7.0 4.9 4239 Miscellaneous durable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 14.6 11.0 3.9 4241 Paper and paper products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 11.5 23.7 7.5 4242 Drugs and druggists’ sundries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.2 11.8 6.9 4243 Apparel, piece goods, and notions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 12.9 20.6 4.0 4244 Grocery and related product wholesalers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4 7.4 4245 Farm product raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2 10.2 14.5 4246 Chemical and allied products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.1 17.5 8.9 4247 Petroleum and petroleum products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6 12.4 4248 Beer, wine, and distilled alcoholic beverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 14.8 6.0 4249 Miscellaneous nondurable goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6 18.7 7.7 4541 Electronic shopping and mail order houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1 2.4 45431 Fuel dealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8 33.2 7.3 4931 Warehousing and storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0 4.4 5111 Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8 14.4 25.8 551114 Corporate, subsidiary, and regional managing offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3 11.9 4.8

1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-61 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas) Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1 4.4 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 4.3 10.9 4.6**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 2.9 4.6 3.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 5.0 6.1 4.4 Private truck
................................................................... 10.4 3.8 5.8 4.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 9.3 12.5 9.1 Water
........................................................................... 33.9 32.0 20.2 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.5 34.3 22.8 Great Lakes
................................................................... 25.7 22.2 24.1 9.5 Deep draft
.................................................................... 43.8 48.9 23.2 (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 33.5 6.9 (S) Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) ( S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **15.8 15.9 19.4 9.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 41.4 48.6 11.8 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 19.3 16.9 22.4 13.6 Truck and water
................................................................... 28.0 31.0 36.2 9.5 Rail and water
.................................................................... 48.1 32.5 31.1 (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 41.5 32.6 39.3 37.7 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **32.0 24.8 38.3 33.9 311 Food Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6**  **10.0 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.5 3.3 6.4** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.2 2.8 6.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 3.6 3.0 3.8 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 6.1 3.9 6.3 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 5.1 6.2 3.1 Water
........................................................................... 21.6 (S) 35.2 25.3

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 36.6 (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 34.3 26.3 28.8 26.8 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 30.0 23.5 39.6 8.6 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... 38.6 36.4 (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0**  **12.0 12.9 8.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.5 12.5 13.9 8.7 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.9 7.9 7 .9 Truck and water
................................................................... 31.0 (S) (S) 13.0 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 34.4 (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2**  **16.2 14.1 35.0** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-62 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4 18.2**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.0 5.8**  **12.6** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 5.2 6.4 12.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.5 8.1 5.8 Private truck
................................................................... 10.5 6.3 10.0 12.6 Rail
............................................................................ 20.8 25.6 36.0 10.6 Water
........................................................................... 32.9 30.7 (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 37.0 37.5 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.6 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **20.7 16.4 19.2 10.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 32.7 27.8 32.2 8.7 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 21.7 16.4 18.9 8.8 Truck and water
................................................................... 24.7 25.8 32.7 22.2 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 28.8 (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **30.7 33.6 42.4 (S) 313 Textile Mills**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7 6.4**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 4.7 5.3 5.1**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 4.5 5.3 5.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.5 7.0 3.4 Private truck
................................................................... 14.4 10.1 13.9 15.1 Rail
............................................................................ 14.1 19.5 28.8 19.0 Water
........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 42.5 29.7 26.3 12.0 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... 25.0 (S) (S) (S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **14.2 20.6 27.4 6.5** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 16.4 11.0 15.2 6.6 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 30.8 36.7 42.8 12.6 Truck and water
................................................................... 21.0 26.4 30.0 11.0 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **48.2 29.5 45.2 20.1** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-63 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **314 Textile Product Mills Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9 5.2 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 10.3 8.7 7.8**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 10.3 8.6 8.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.7 9.0 2.7 Private truck
................................................................... 11.2 16.6 19.5 41.5 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 42.4 42.7 (S) 11.1 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5**  **13.3 12.3 5.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 14.3 13.7 5.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 27.1 40.7 (S) (S) Truck and water
................................................................... 34.0 31.1 37.9 46.2 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **29.3 36.6 (S) (S) 315 Apparel Manufacturing**  **Total .................................................................**  **10.6 20.6 31.1 4.8 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 23.8 37.4 7.5**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 23.0 35.2 8.1

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 12.2 27.1 35.7 5.5 Private truck
................................................................... 24.2 21.7 17.6 27.2 Rail
............................................................................ –––– Water
........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 32.8 (S) (S) 7.5 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **14.0 27.5 35.7 5.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.9 29.6 37.3 5.1 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 22.5 43.9 (S) Truck and water
................................................................... 34.8 26.0 34.2 19.4 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)**  See footnotes at end of table.

## B-64 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing Total**  **................................................................. 10.0 21.7 23.8 4.4**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9**  **25.7 32.3 9.0** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 24.9 34.5 7.2

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 12.0 27.2 34.9 6.9 Private truck
................................................................... 17.7 32.0 36.0 17.9 Rail
............................................................................ 39.7 (S) (S) 20.7 Water
........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 42.1 37.5 39.8 15.1 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **20.1 18.9 21.2 3.7** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 24.0 19.1 20.6 3.7 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 18.6 18.2 18.7 7.6 Truck and water
................................................................... 48.7 32.4 (S) (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)**  **19.7 321 Wood Product Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4 6.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.7 5.0 5.6**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 5.0 5.1 5.8

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 5.8 5.7 5.0 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.7 5.2 4.3 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 9.0 10.1 4.5 Water
........................................................................... 47.6 (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 27.7 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 46.9 (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 28.7 (S) (S) 20.5 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7**  **18.7 13.4 4.4** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 19.7 15.1 16.2 5.0 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 9.7 13.8 4.7 Truck and water
................................................................... 25.1 (S) 35.9 25.3 Rail and water
.................................................................... 37.7 48.0 (S) 28.4 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 37.6 43.2 (S) 29.7 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **14.7 15.8 18.1 42.6** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-65 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **322 Paper Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2 3.7 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.0** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.0 1.9 3.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.2 2.2 3.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 6.9 4.2 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.1 7.0 2.6 Water
........................................................................... 34.4 33.1 (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 24.5 22.7 11.0 (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 44.7 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 20.7 32.0 32.7 7.6 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 8.9 7.6 3.0**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 16.5 14.0 13.4 2.9 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 9.7 8.3 3 .3 Truck and water
................................................................... 24.5 34.3 35.6 39.1 Rail and water
.................................................................... 41.5 (S) 16.7 (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 45.4 49.3 26.1 25.2 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **12.6 13.1 21.2 12.2 323 Printing and Related Support Activities**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6 5.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 6.2 6.3**  **11.2** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 6.3 6.5 11.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 7.2 6.8 6.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10.4 14.4 11.0 Rail
............................................................................ 21.6 28.9 29.3 28.2 Water
........................................................................... 14.2 47.9 (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 14.2 47.9 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 12.0 18.0 18.2 8.4 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **11.1 4.6 7.3 6.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 11.3 5.6 7.2 6.2 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 31.4 17.1 16.4 23.2 Truck and water
................................................................... 41.5 (S) (S) 19.2 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1**  **19.9 18.4 15.5** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-66 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5 12.4**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 5.7 8.4 5.7**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 9.6 25.6 6.7

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 11.9 31.8 9.5 Private truck
................................................................... 18.7 13.9 15.3 11.1 Rail
............................................................................ 17.2 9.7 10.9 8.1 Water
........................................................................... 16.1 14.1 19.0 12.4

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 17.6 15.9 37.6 14.2 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 15.5 14.2 21.3 29.9 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 13.7 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 6.6 (S) (S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **16.9 15.8 17.4 6.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 5.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 27.2 28.7 26.4 27.7 Truck and water
................................................................... 31.3 28.7 27.3 (S) Rail and water
.................................................................... 35.5 35.3 45.9 24.2 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 21.9 19.5 22.5 26.9 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S)**  **38.9 27.6 (S) 325 Chemical Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5 3.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.5 6.2 3.6**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 5.2 3.5 3.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.5 3.6 2.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 12.7 9.7 4.1 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 6.3 6.7 1.9 Water
........................................................................... 29.5 23.0 47.5 37.3

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 32.4 23.0 22.0 21.4 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 48.8 (S) 37.5 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 21.5 23.3 33.5 5.5 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... 34.4 31.6 (S) (S) **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.8 8.4 4.2**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 14.4 8.9 10.9 4.2 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 9.2 11.1 2.9 Truck and water
................................................................... 25.8 37.7 24.5 10.3 Rail and water
.................................................................... 26.9 25.3 25.2 23.8 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 23.3 21.4 29.5 17.9 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **12.2 18.2 27.2 16.6** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-67 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8 3.6 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 2.5 2.7 3.4** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.5 2.7 3.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.5 3.0 2.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.5 6.0 4.5 Rail
............................................................................ 21.5 21.3 19.7 9.0 Water
........................................................................... 34.4 19.3 (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 34.4 19.3 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 16.9 22.4 23.1 4.8 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 7.0 8.2 3.0**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 13.1 15.4 3.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 10.7 11.1 11.1 6.4 Truck and water
................................................................... 26.1 27.0 20.2 14.0 Rail and water
.................................................................... 37.8 (S) 23.2 (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 26.4 29.2 30.9 8.8 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **17.3 45.9 (S) 12.4 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0 6.7**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 4.0 4.2 5.7**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.1 2.6 5.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 3.2 3.1 4.5 Private truck
................................................................... 10.3 5.2 5.3 10.2 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 34.5 22.2 16.5 Water
........................................................................... 20.0 23.2 25.4 15.9

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 24.0 23.2 30.4 19.9 Great Lakes
................................................................... 36.8 36.7 27.1 7.8 Deep draft
.................................................................... 19.7 16.6 23.5 16.2 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 26.0 39.7 (S) 6.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5**  **10.2 12.4 2.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 12.3 16.3 16.1 2.9 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 11.0 14.4 17.0 10.0 Truck and water
................................................................... 24.0 36.1 23.9 22.7 Rail and water
.................................................................... 23.5 (S) 30.3 (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 26.1 22.1 28.1 29.9 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **11.9 15.2 17.0 44.7** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-68 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **331 Primary Metal Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7 3.7 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.2 7.7 3.5** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 4.8 5.2 3.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.6 5.7 2.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 14.5 14.0 9.0 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.7 14.3 7.2 Water
........................................................................... 23.7 24.8 24.9 9.6

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 23.6 24.7 24.3 9.8 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 19.0 18.7 20.6 5.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **10.2 14.1 18.8 3.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.1 17.4 20.4 3.4 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 12.7 14.1 17.4 11.0 Truck and water
................................................................... 48.7 (S) (S) 26.3 Rail and water
.................................................................... 39.9 35.1 41.6 13.9 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 25.8 31.2 30.2 34.9 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **15.6 27.1 27.3 13.6 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7 2.6**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 4.3 4.9 3.3**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 4.2 3.9 3.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.5 4.1 2.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 12.9 11.6 5.0 Rail
............................................................................ 22.3 23.3 32.5 14.4 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 0.8 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8 (S) 37.6 4.2 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3**  **10.3 9.3 2.4** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 4.6 6.0 2.4 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 14.1 20.3 19.2 8.0 Truck and water
................................................................... 16.4 23.2 22.4 12.0 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 37.0 45.4 (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 49.9 **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3**  **20.9 20.8 22.7** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-69 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **333 Machinery Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7 3.1 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 5.2 7.1 3.6** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.4 7.4 4.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.7 8.0 3.0 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 12.5 18.9 10.8 Rail
............................................................................ 28.6 20.8 19.8 10.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 11.4 15.5 13.7 4.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4**  **12.8 13.0 3.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.7 4.8 3.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 21.0 24.5 22.4 6.9 Truck and water
................................................................... 28.9 24.0 29.8 9.1 Rail and water
.................................................................... 42.9 (S) (S) 33.0 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 28.1 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **11.9 20.5 23.2 8.6 334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7 2.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.0 8.3 4.0**  Truck2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 7.4 9.5 4.7

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 13.4 9.0 10.1 3.4 Private truck
................................................................... 14.0 15.1 18.1 12.2 Rail
............................................................................ 30.0 (S) (S) (S) Water
........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 15.8 14.2 4.4 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 5.3 6.0 3.0**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.7 6.1 3.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 39.2 27.5 28.3 14.0 Truck and water
................................................................... 43.4 38.9 49.0 (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **20.7 42.7 34.9 13.6** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-70 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3 3.5 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 4.1 4.5 2.3** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 4.0 4.3 2.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 4.5 4.8 2.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 10.8 20.2 10.5 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 15.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 29.4

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 11.7 (S) (S) 4.6 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1**  **26.1 25.1 2.5** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 12.7 12.6 2.5 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 21.6 37.1 33.6 7.4 Truck and water
................................................................... 20.9 38.1 35.5 16.6 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **26.7 37.9 45.2 (S) 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3 2.4**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.2 4.1 4.0**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.6 4.2 4.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 5.3 4.4 4.6 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 12.3 11.0 9.9 Rail
............................................................................ 19.5 16.8 19.2 8.1 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 31.4 2.7 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 31.5 2.7 (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 (S) (S) 12.7 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 26.2 24.2 21.3 3.2 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.2 9.1 2.9**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.3 9.0 7.7 2.6 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 13.3 7.6 9.9 6.6 Truck and water
................................................................... 20.3 22.4 20.7 16.3 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 50.0 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 27.7 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **33.8 34.0 32.6 20.2** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-71 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **337 Furniture Manufacturing Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8 3.2 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.8 6.1 2.8** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 6.9 6.1 2.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 9.0 6.8 2.0 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 7.0 9.5 12.9 Rail
............................................................................ 35.7 33.1 36.3 13.3 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.6 (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 47.6 (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 35.0 33.6 (S) 11.6 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **10.3 10.5 15.0 3.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 11.5 10.8 12.7 3.7 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 26.4 27.2 33.1 17.7 Truck and water
................................................................... 18.3 29.1 40.4 14.6 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 45.8 40.8 (S) 41.3 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **19.0 18.6 24.3 13.1 339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9**  **11.7 15.9 4.3 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 10.7 15.5 7.4**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 10.8 15.8 10.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 13.9 16.8 6.1 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.1 21.7 27.2 Rail
............................................................................ 48.0 (S) (S) 15.5 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 17.9 18.8 4.1 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1**  **26.0 27.7 4.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.9 6.5 4.2 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 30.9 (S) (S) 14.1 Truck and water
................................................................... 19.8 35.3 45.3 16.5 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.1 (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **12.9 18.7 18.6 38.5** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-72 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 17.4 11.1 13.1**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9**  **19.1 12.3 12.1** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 20.1 12.4 13.4

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 10.4 10.6 14.4 18.0 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 30.9 12.7 7.3 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.5 (S) 21.1 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 30.0 22.1 23.2 5.0 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4**  **11.7 19.2 9.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 15.2 20.5 9.1 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 24.2 31.0 37.6 20.0 Truck and water
................................................................... 43.8 42.9 46.8 18.1 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **13.5 24.4 38.1 38.2 4232 Furniture and Home Furnishings**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0**  **20.7 7.5 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 8.2 23.2 8.2**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 8.3 23.6 8.2

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 10.6 17.9 27.5 3.9 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 7.2 14.2 10.9 Rail
............................................................................ 32.6 40.0 39.9 40.1 Water
........................................................................... 43.3 (S) (S) 33.5

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 43.3 (S) (S) 33.5 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 11.2 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **13.5 17.1 16.9 4.4** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.8 20.0 21.4 4.4 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 25.5 30.9 31.5 28.7 Truck and water
................................................................... 36.8 40.6 (S) 40.9 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **15.5 23.8 (S) 28.7** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-73 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4 13.8 10.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 7.3**  **10.1 10.0** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 7.3 10.0 10.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 11.1 15.5 12.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 8.6 5.1 4.1 Rail
............................................................................ 43.7 40.3 42.3 (S) Water
........................................................................... 31.9 31.3 44.5 39.3

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 31.9 31.3 44.5 39.3 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 41.9 44.2 47.6 14.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **13.8 (S) 37.7 9.7** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 15.4 12.7 17.5 10.2 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 34.3 (S) (S) (S) Truck and water
................................................................... 39.1 33.4 36.3 12.7 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 23.2 9.1 (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **11.4 31.0 33.2 12.3 4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment And Supplies**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2**  **14.3 5.8 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 11.0 18.2 9.8**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 11.1 19.2 11.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 11.5 20.7 7.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 13.4 15.8 6.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Water
........................................................................... 25.3 25.4 22.3 9.3

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 25.3 25.4 22.3 9.3 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 21.0 27.6 33.9 5.8 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.3 8.7 5.2**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 7.3 8.1 5.2 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 38.9 (S) 43.7 18.3 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **24.7 49.6 27.2 42.7** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-74 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 10.7 13.8 8.3**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7**  **10.2 9.3 6.5** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.7 4.6 6.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 8.1 6.0 8.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5.4 7.3 4.5 Rail
............................................................................ 38.8 40.0 (S) 42.1 Water
........................................................................... 44.6 43.9 40.7 (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 39.9 38.5 34.6 17.3 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 40.1 43.7 (S) 36.4 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 25.4 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **11.2 35.2 47.5 9.9** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 11.0 22.5 19.1 10.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 33.9 31.1 (S) 14.8 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 28.5 Rail and water
.................................................................... 40.8 (S) (S) 35.8 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 26.2 45.2 46.2 5.8 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **21.5 15.1 27.0 29.9 4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4**  **14.1 6.0 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 9.3 16.7 12.5**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.0 14.9 15.9

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.7 12.1 15.8 5.6 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 9.7 13.2 4.3 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 40.1 43.9 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.2 (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 44.2 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 33.0 41.7 48.5 5.7 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3**  **10.8 16.7 4.7** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.9 11.9 4.7 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.6 (S) 16.5 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 38.8 (S) (S) Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9**  **32.7 21.5 12.1** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-75 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 11.1 12.9 6.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8**  **11.7 10.3 10.0** Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 11.7 10.7 10.2

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 21.9 15.0 9.9 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 13.4 9.0 8.8 Rail
............................................................................ 27.5 26.4 38.8 (S) Water
........................................................................... 40.1 44.1 (S) 33.7

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 40.1 44.1 (S) 33.7 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 33.5 (S) (S) 11.0 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 9.1**  **11.4 6.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 10.4 12.5 6.3 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 31.8 38.7 42.4 (S) Truck and water
................................................................... 37.9 32.7 31.2 31.6 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 36.3 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **11.4 25.0 (S) 8.1 4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5**  **13.1 7.0 4.9 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 14.5 7.2 4.7**  Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 14.6 7.4 5.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 26.3 9.0 5.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 9.8 13.6 4.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 42.9 36.0 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 21.7

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 25.5 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 22.3 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 17.5 18.7 33.9 4.4 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8**  **12.5 11.6 5.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 5.0 8.0 5.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 36.2 (S) 29.9 13.3 Truck and water
................................................................... 37.2 (S) 37.7 20.3 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.2 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.8**  **17.9 23.8 22.4** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-76 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 14.6 11.0 3.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4**  **15.4 9.9 9.2** Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 17.4 12.0 10.3

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 11.8 15.4 8.4 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 26.1 22.0 8.7 Rail
............................................................................ 12.1 12.2 14.3 15.2 Water
........................................................................... 23.1 27.9 26.6 20.5

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 16.7 16.8 24.8 18.3 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 17.1 36.3 32.8 6.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4**  **15.2 30.0 2.7** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 9.7 9.8 2.8 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 12.3 17.0 25.4 10.7 Truck and water
................................................................... 38.3 46.2 (S) 30.7 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 38.6 (S) 29.1 (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **18.3 35.4 32.3 49.6 4241 Paper and Paper Products**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5**  **11.5 23.7 7.5 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 11.8 28.1 8.1**  Truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 6.5 15.3 8.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 13.4 17.1 10.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 6.5 12.2 8.0 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 18.7 Water
........................................................................... 28.2 36.0 42.1 18.1

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 28.2 36.0 42.1 18.1 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 37.0 36.5 (S) 11.4 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **19.9 (S) (S) 7.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 12.9 14.4 7.0 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 44.2 Truck and water
................................................................... 31.6 26.5 29.1 14.9 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **22.3 29.8 (S) 37.6** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-77 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 17.2 11.8 6.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6**  **18.5 13.5 19.1** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.9 18.6 13.6 19.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 15.1 17.7 10.9 Private truck
................................................................... 19.6 33.0 24.5 12.6 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 40.8 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.8

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.8 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 48.6 (S) (S) 10.8 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) ( S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **13.1 13.9 11.0 6.5** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.1 14.7 12.2 6.5 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 43.2 (S) 49.5 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **22.5 31.6 38.8 (S) 4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6**  **12.9 20.6 4.0 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 16.4 26.2 4.8**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 16.5 26.5 4.6

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 18.6 27.2 3.4 Private truck
................................................................... 12.5 36.1 15.7 18.7 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 41.3 (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 26.0 30.1 40.4 22.5 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.5**  **11.3 4.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.5 12.2 4.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 36.5 42.6 47.4 14.3 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 24.8 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **17.3 26.0 40.7 32.4** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-78 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4 7.4 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.7 6.1 4.5** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 2.8 6.4 4.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 9.4 9.5 7.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 2.7 3.9 3.9 Rail
............................................................................ 42.4 32.0 31.5 31.0 Water
........................................................................... 34.6 36.9 36.9 (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... 38.2 34.6 36.1 44.4 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 22.5 36.3 (S) 11.3 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **16.8 30.5 (S) 8.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 20.9 18.6 24.0 9.6 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 27.4 27.2 27.9 19.4 Truck and water
................................................................... 31.1 42.3 (S) 11.9 Rail and water
.................................................................... 46.0 32.8 44.4 45.2 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **14.8 22.2 31.1 28.7 4245 Farm Product Raw Materials**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2**  **10.2 14.5 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 5.6 10.9 15.3**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 7.2 11.1 15.6

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 11.2 11.9 11.8 14.4 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 9.7 22.4 26.7 Rail
............................................................................ 12.9 12.3 14.0 6.9 Water
........................................................................... 11.3 11.6 17.2 4.8

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 12.2 12.8 17.2 4.9 Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft
.................................................................... 29.2 27.3 (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 20.2 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) ( S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **26.2 19.8 19.6 19.6** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 47.9 41.4 (S) 20.3 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 41.8 28.8 29.8 16.9 Truck and water
................................................................... 36.5 44.5 (S) (S) Rail and water
.................................................................... 48.9 45.6 47.3 16.0 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 28.9 23.5 26.2 12.8 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **47.7 (S) 45.9 (S)** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-79 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4246 Chemical and Allied Products Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 16.1 17.5 8.9**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8**  **16.5 18.9 12.6** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 16.6 14.9 12.0

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 12.4 11.9 6.3 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 22.1 30.7 11.3 Rail
............................................................................ 21.0 (S) (S) 17.1 Water
........................................................................... 38.7 49.5 (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 44.5 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 34.0 (S) 49.1 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 33.5 36.9 (S) 13.1 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **10.8 20.3 21.5 8.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 12.9 13.4 13.0 8.9 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 24.7 22.6 18.3 9.1 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 37.6 (S) 22.7 Rail and water
.................................................................... 47.6 36.3 36.8 34.0 Other multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 45.5 (S) 23.0 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **16.4 28.6 38.5 41.7 4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6**  **12.4 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.2 7.6 6.6** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.7 6.6 5.5

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.7 9.8 10.8 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 6.4 9.1 6.9 Rail
............................................................................ 40.7 37.3 42.1 16.1 Water
........................................................................... 34.6 33.6 47.1 39.6

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 36.7 35.5 49.5 (S) Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 17.4 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 28.3 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... 28.0 27.8 (S) (S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **31.0 33.7 46.5 21.0** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 21.7 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 38.1 Truck and water
................................................................... 44.1 47.2 (S) (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 21.4 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 15.5 12.8 15.7 4.1 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **14.9 17.7 20.2 (S)** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-80 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1 14.8 6.0**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.2**  **11.5 5.1** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.2 11.0 5.2

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 14.0 13.9 22.7 31.6 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.4 4.8 3.8 Rail
............................................................................ 26.7 32.3 37.1 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 42.3

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 42.3 Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 49.5 30.4 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **49.5 48.8 (S) 27.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 37.6 (S) 46.8 30.8 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water
................................................................... 33.0 (S) (S) 25.4 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S)**  **42.4 (S) 4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6**  **18.7 7.7 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.4 18.6 12.6**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 7.7 14.8 13.1

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 16.8 20.7 9.5 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 7.1 10.6 6.1 Rail
............................................................................ 37.9 34.7 39.5 30.7 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 27.3 33.7 9.0

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 27.3 33.7 9.0 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 29.3 (S) 37.9 8.7 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... 16.2 13.7 (S) (S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **11.1 33.6 42.5 3.5** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 11.3 17.6 15.7 3.5 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 35.9 30.6 43.8 19.7 Truck and water
................................................................... 47.2 (S) (S) 11.3 Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **25.3 26.7 25.3 27.2** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-81 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail Order Houses Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1 2.4 Single modes**  **.............................................................. 14.2 11.4 22.6 10.6**  Truck2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.2 11.7 23.9 13.1

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 23.7 17.1 26.3 10.5 Private truck
................................................................... 16.0 22.3 28.8 20.0 Rail
............................................................................ 40.7 (S) (S) (S) Water
........................................................................... ––––

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft
.................................................................... –––– Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 23.1 24.3 27.6 7.7 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.4 8.6 2.3**  Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 8.4 8.6 2.3 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 4.7 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S)**  **28.6 29.4 15.6 45431 Fuel Dealers**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8**  **33.2 7.3 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.9 33.3 7.2**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 5.9 33.3 7.4

For-hire truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.3 11.9 7.6 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 41.7 (S) Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 7.8

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S)**  **23.4 42.0 35.8** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) 27.5 42.7 38.4 Truck and rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Truck and water
................................................................... –––– Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **35.8 36.1 33.6 33.2** See footnotes at end of table.

## B-82 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **4931 Warehousing and Storage Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0 4.4 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.9 6.2 8.1** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 5.8 5.7 9.1

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 11.6 10.2 6.9 7.2 Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 7.0 7.2 8.0 Rail
............................................................................ 36.3 39.1 37.1 24.1 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 0.1 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 38.6 (S) Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 22.3 38.3 32.4 5.7 Pipeline 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) ( S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **12.7 15.7 15.3 3.3** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.5 10.2 11.8 3.3 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 22.5 34.3 29.5 38.9 Truck and water
................................................................... 31.6 (S) 22.8 36.3 Rail and water
.................................................................... 26.1 20.7 18.4 10.1 Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 42.6 22.3 43.6 29.5 **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **45.1 45.3 (S) 14.5 5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers**  **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8**  **14.4 25.8 Single modes**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 8.6 18.1 44.3**  Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 8.6 18.5 43.9

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 11.4 16.0 20.8 (S) Private truck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 8.9 12.5 24.4 Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 40.8 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S)

Shallow draft
.................................................................. –––– Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Air (includes truck and air) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 43.2 12.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... –––– **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **12.8 14.2 12.9 22.2** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 13.6 14.9 14.0 22.2 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 31.3 38.1 30.5 29.8 Truck and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 24.6 Rail and water
.................................................................... –––– Other multiple modes
.............................................................. –––– **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **29.7 34.7 31.1 22.2** See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-83 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-11. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Mode of Transportation for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	
 	

 	
 	

  1
—	
 	

 

 

	

	
 	

 **551114 Corporate, Subsidiary, and Regional Managing Offices Total**  **. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3 11.9 4.8**  **Single modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.0 7.3**  **14.0 8.2** Truck2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 8.7 13.5 8.6

For-hire truck
.................................................................. 10.8 13.3 15.1 5.8 Private truck
................................................................... 10.4 9.7 7.1 11.9 Rail
............................................................................ 44.6 30.6 29.9 9.0 Water
........................................................................... 35.8 48.6 (S) 31.6

Shallow draft
.................................................................. 33.9 46.6 (S) 46.8 Great Lakes
................................................................... –––– Deep draft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) 38.8 31.7 Air (includes truck and air)
........................................................... 28.4 (S) 29.7 11.9 Pipeline 3
......................................................................... 23.7 23.7 (S) (S) **Multiple modes .............................................................**  **13.1 31.4 23.2 3.1** Parcel, U.S. Postal Service or courier
.................................................. 16.1 12.2 13.1 3.0 Truck and rail
..................................................................... 24.9 31.3 22.8 11.8 Truck and water
................................................................... 38.8 45.1 45.0 (S) Rail and water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) (S) Other multiple modes
.............................................................. 31.2 29.1 33.9 (S) **Other and unknown modes ...................................................**  **28.1 43.6 35.7 (S)** – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculations ” section for additional information. 2“Truck” as a single mode includes shipments that were made by private truck, only for-hire truck, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. 3Estimates for pipeline exclude shipments of crude petroleum (SCTG 16). Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-84 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas) **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0**  **9.1** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.0 4.4 
	

 ........................................................................................... 12.8 8.8 9.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 20.9 9.4 12.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.8 12.9 12.4 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 11.9 10.4 9.3 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 17.0 19.9 19.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 14.6 17.7 17.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 17.5 31.1 29.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 29.0 22.1 17.5 311 Food Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6**  **3.6** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 5.8 11.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 3.5 4.9 5.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.3 4.4 4.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 3.0 3.0 3.0 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 2.3 6.5 8.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 3.5 4.9 5.2 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.2 4.2 4.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 3.7 5.4 5.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 5.5 10.8 10.9 312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8**  **6.4** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 7.6 7.0 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.3 9.1 9.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 6.5 6.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.4 7.9 7.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 10.1 10.4 10.7 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 11.8 14.7 15.6 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.0 26.4 24.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 16.4 21.6 21.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 13.7 16.4 16.4 313 Textile Mills **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7**  **6.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 11.3 14.2 
	

 ........................................................................................... 17.3 17.7 21.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.9 7.8 7.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.7 12.5 11.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 7.1 10.1 10.3 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 9.4 11.5 13.1 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 11.1 9.7 10.0 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 12.7 14.7 15.6 #




 ...................................................................................... 12.4 30.1 29.5 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-85 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 314 Textile Product Mills **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6**  **9.9** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 17.1 19.2 
	

 ........................................................................................... 15.0 19.0 17.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 13.1 8.5 10.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.3 9.2 9.6 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.0 8.5 8.5 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 11.2 12.8 12.6 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.3 22.2 21.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 14.6 15.0 15.0 #




 ...................................................................................... 12.0 20.1 20.1 315 Apparel Manufacturing **Total ......................................................................................**  **10.6 20.6 31.1** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 24.2 31.4 
	

 ........................................................................................... 44.1 21.5 21.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.7 26.9 26.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.5 36.0 33.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 14.0 20.0 20.7 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 32.5 31.5 31.3 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 16.2 40.2 43.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 23.3 27.5 26.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 13.1 (S) (S) 316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing **Total ......................................................................................**  **10.0 21.7 23.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.9 35.1 23.1 
	

 ........................................................................................... 32.4 22.5 22.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 17.2 44.3 48.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.0 19.9 18.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 21.4 37.9 38.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 17.5 18.0 17.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 17.3 28.3 26.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 22.7 18.0 18.0 #




 ...................................................................................... 25.5 (S) (S) 321 Wood Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6**  **5.4** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 7.5 9.0 
	

 ........................................................................................... 4.9 8.5 8.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.1 4.6 4.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 5.1 5.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.5 6.4 6.6 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 16.2 8.4 8.5 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.3 6.6 6.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 10.8 13.3 13.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 10.1 11.9 12.4 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-86 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 322 Paper Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3**  **3.2** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 4.5 4.2 
	

 ........................................................................................... 5.7 5.9 5.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.8 3.4 3.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 3.0 3.5 3.6 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 3.2 4.5 4.9 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 4.5 4.3 4.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.7 4.5 4.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 6.8 8.8 9.1 #




 ...................................................................................... 5.8 7.5 7.7 323 Printing and Related Support Activities **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0**  **5.6** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 11.5 8.6 
	

 ........................................................................................... 4.6 15.2 20.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.0 10.7 10.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.3 10.0 10.6 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 4.7 7.2 7.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 6.4 7.8 7.7 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 6.9 19.7 18.9 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 13.9 12.4 12.4 #




 ...................................................................................... 32.5 14.6 14.1 324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4**  **7.5** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.0 8.2 
	

 ........................................................................................... 10.0 10.8 12.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.6 11.4 11.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.5 24.5 23.2 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 15.9 17.5 17.9 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 21.7 23.4 25.1 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 22.2 21.8 20.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 30.3 30.0 45.2 #




 ...................................................................................... 20.3 40.4 (S) 325 Chemical Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2**  **5.5** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.9 10.1 9.7 
	

 ........................................................................................... 9.0 9.7 11.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.1 6.8 6.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.4 4.6 4.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 4.6 4.8 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 7.5 7.6 8.2 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 9.2 12.6 14.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.4 11.4 11.6 #




 ...................................................................................... 7.2 11.8 12.1 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-87 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7**  **3.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 6.9 7.9 
	

 ........................................................................................... 5.2 6.8 6.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.8 4.4 5.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.4 4.2 4.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 2.9 7.3 7.2 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 3.9 5.0 4.9 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.5 4.7 4.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 6.2 6.9 7.0 #




 ...................................................................................... 8.6 8.6 8.6 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1**  **4.0** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 5.1 4.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 5.7 5.2 4.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.9 11.1 12.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.4 5.4 5.4 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.6 10.4 10.7 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 13.7 7.7 8.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.1 11.3 11.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 9.5 7.5 7.5 #




 ...................................................................................... 32.6 16.4 16.6 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1**  **5.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.0 6.4 5.4 
	

 ........................................................................................... 8.9 15.6 13.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.3 6.7 6.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.2 6.9 7.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.1 9.2 9.5 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.6 14.4 17.7 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.2 10.8 11.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.8 16.9 17.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 11.2 24.8 25.3 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4**  **4.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 9.3 7.7 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.6 10.1 9.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.9 6.1 5.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 2.5 6.4 7.6 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 3.6 5.3 5.0 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 3.8 7.4 7.6 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 3.7 12.6 13.2 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 4.4 11.7 12.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 5.5 10.2 10.6 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-88 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 333 Machinery Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1**  **6.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 9.1 10.0 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.0 11.8 11.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.0 7.1 7.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 6.1 6.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 6.8 6.8 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 5.4 9.6 9.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 4.0 11.4 11.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 6.1 7.3 8.2 #




 ...................................................................................... 12.6 29.9 30.6 334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8**  **7.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 16.7 14.6 
	

 ........................................................................................... 13.8 29.9 23.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.1 10.2 10.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.4 17.1 14.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 15.4 13.6 13.2 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.4 15.1 15.2 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 19.8 19.0 18.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 7.1 9.9 9.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 9.3 7.7 7.3 335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9**  **6.3** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 14.1 8.5 
	

 ........................................................................................... 13.8 13.3 14.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.7 10.6 9.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.3 7.1 6.9 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 3.9 4.2 4.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 4.7 4.3 4.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.9 12.3 12.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.4 9.7 9.4 #




 ...................................................................................... 8.8 22.3 21.6 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4**  **3.3** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 12.4 11.5 
	

 ........................................................................................... 7.0 9.4 8.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 7.4 7.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.7 5.3 5.1 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.3 5.6 5.8 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 7.8 7.8 7.9 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 10.0 7.9 7.9 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 19.0 7.5 8.0 #




 ...................................................................................... 7.9 10.9 11.4 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-89 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 337 Furniture Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6**  **5.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 8.5 8.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 9.2 14.3 13.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.5 10.4 11.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.6 11.9 11.2 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.2 6.2 6.1 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 6.3 12.4 12.9 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 4.6 18.4 17.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 10.0 7.8 8.1 #




 ...................................................................................... 14.1 9.8 9.5 339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9**  **11.7 15.9** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 17.6 10.7 
	

 ........................................................................................... 10.6 17.8 16.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.8 9.8 11.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 8.0 7.6 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.4 21.6 22.8 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 7.4 40.4 42.0 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 8.0 31.1 32.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.9 9.6 9.7 #




 ...................................................................................... 7.6 15.4 15.9 4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3**  **17.4 11.1** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 34.0 32.9 
	

 ........................................................................................... 5.9 8.0 8.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.3 10.8 11.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.5 11.6 10.9 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 31.6 20.4 21.2 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 13.4 14.6 14.5 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 8.9 17.8 18.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 21.8 28.7 28.5 #




 ...................................................................................... 47.3 26.0 25.6 4232 Furniture and Home Furnishings **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0**  **20.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 8.6 12.1 
	

 ........................................................................................... 10.6 12.2 11.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.0 11.4 11.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.8 19.7 18.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 11.0 16.1 16.1 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 13.0 15.0 15.1 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 16.8 35.3 39.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.9 47.5 46.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 19.8 41.4 40.4 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-90 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4**  **13.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 8.8 6.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 4.4 7.4 6.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.7 12.0 12.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.6 8.6 8.8 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 17.1 40.7 44.0 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 26.2 26.3 26.8 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 18.3 45.3 42.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 20.0 27.3 27.4 #




 ...................................................................................... 24.0 36.1 34.4 4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment And Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2**  **14.3** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.8 14.0 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.7 20.9 21.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.8 15.1 14.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.6 12.7 11.9 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.6 13.5 13.0 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.2 12.1 13.0 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 7.2 12.7 12.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 12.0 28.0 28.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 15.6 24.8 25.7 4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5**  **10.7 13.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 9.3 11.9 
	

 ........................................................................................... 3.9 18.4 19.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.0 16.8 17.5 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.2 9.0 11.4 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 11.5 7.1 7.6 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.0 34.8 42.4 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 15.0 24.2 27.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.7 13.6 13.4 #




 ...................................................................................... 25.5 41.6 44.1 4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4**  **14.1** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 12.1 11.5 
	

 ........................................................................................... 9.1 19.8 21.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.0 21.1 22.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.8 10.8 12.4 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 8.7 17.3 18.1 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 11.0 26.0 26.5 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.0 23.6 22.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.1 23.5 25.5 #




 ...................................................................................... 12.5 18.2 18.8 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-91 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4**  **11.1 12.9** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 15.7 21.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.4 23.6 26.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.5 8.8 8.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.5 35.9 35.8 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 10.9 11.8 11.7 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.7 26.2 24.2 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 12.5 11.3 11.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 10.1 14.7 15.3 #




 ...................................................................................... 17.7 19.9 19.7 4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5**  **13.1 7.0** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 18.8 23.1 
	

 ........................................................................................... 4.0 12.3 12.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.5 14.0 14.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 13.8 13.9 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.0 11.4 11.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.0 12.2 12.8 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 8.9 14.2 14.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 11.6 32.2 31.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 12.4 24.5 25.5 4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6**  **14.6 11.0** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 22.8 20.8 
	

 ........................................................................................... 10.8 25.9 25.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 5.5 8.3 8.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.1 10.2 10.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 7.9 17.7 19.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 8.4 20.7 20.6 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 9.5 24.1 20.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 7.4 17.0 16.5 #




 ...................................................................................... 8.4 28.0 34.7 4241 Paper and Paper Products **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5**  **11.5 23.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 5.6 7.8 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.7 10.5 12.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.3 17.0 19.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.5 32.7 38.4 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 18.3 38.4 36.2 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 16.1 38.0 38.3 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 26.2 25.1 24.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 28.6 23.2 23.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 15.1 23.1 23.0 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-92 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3**  **17.2 11.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 32.8 37.1 
	

 ........................................................................................... 12.0 34.6 32.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.9 18.7 18.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.6 12.5 13.7 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 13.4 28.8 31.3 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 18.7 22.3 22.6 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 15.0 26.7 26.9 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 26.9 25.8 25.5 #




 ...................................................................................... 17.7 23.7 24.1 4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6**  **12.9 20.6** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 33.9 39.7 
	

 ........................................................................................... 22.9 17.9 20.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.2 13.0 14.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.1 11.1 10.7 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 13.3 15.1 14.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 9.1 11.4 11.0 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 13.4 14.9 14.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 9.7 (S) (S) #




 ...................................................................................... 11.6 24.2 23.7 4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8**  **7.4** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 3.8 3.8 
	

 ........................................................................................... 3.6 5.5 5.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 3.9 3.8 3.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 8.4 8.7 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 6.2 8.2 8.3 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.4 15.2 14.5 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 11.0 12.4 13.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 8.5 15.5 15.1 #




 ...................................................................................... 11.7 18.9 30.1 4245 Farm Product Raw Materials **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2**  **10.2** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 8.1 10.2 
	

 ........................................................................................... 16.6 17.1 15.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 13.3 15.3 18.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.9 10.0 9.9 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 14.2 14.3 14.2 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 20.7 25.4 25.5 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 23.0 14.4 14.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 29.7 42.2 42.4 #




 ...................................................................................... (S) 48.0 (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-93 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 4246 Chemical and Allied Products **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3**  **16.1 17.5** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 15.5 21.5 
	

 ........................................................................................... 9.5 15.7 16.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.7 31.4 33.8 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 9.3 28.7 29.4 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 9.1 17.0 17.6 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 9.5 39.4 40.0 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 16.7 18.2 18.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 13.7 23.5 27.4 #




 ...................................................................................... 16.1 17.9 18.1 4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3**  **8.6** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.5 5.9 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.1 6.0 6.0 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.2 7.9 9.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 18.4 16.9 17.6 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 15.7 17.9 18.8 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 25.4 33.5 34.2 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 26.7 28.8 29.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 34.3 35.1 37.2 #




 ...................................................................................... 39.4 (S) (S) 4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1**  **14.8** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.2 3.9 
	

 ........................................................................................... 7.6 6.9 6.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.6 10.3 11.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 16.2 18.0 18.1 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 18.6 26.0 32.5 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 24.1 30.0 30.7 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 35.7 30.9 32.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 29.7 28.3 28.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 32.9 47.1 47.7 4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6**  **18.7** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 10.3 12.1 
	

 ........................................................................................... 4.3 10.8 10.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 7.1 9.6 9.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 10.0 22.3 23.5 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 12.1 30.0 30.4 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 14.2 33.3 35.9 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 13.9 43.7 44.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 11.3 24.0 22.3 #




 ...................................................................................... 14.4 33.2 32.8 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-94 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail-Order Houses **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2**  **8.1** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.4 16.8 23.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 11.0 22.7 21.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.7 13.9 14.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 8.7 9.9 11.8 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 5.0 11.8 12.0 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.6 14.9 14.5 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 10.4 14.8 14.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 13.1 12.4 12.8 #




 ...................................................................................... 7.3 10.4 10.9 45431 Fuel Dealers **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8**  **33.2** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 5.0 5.0 
	

 ........................................................................................... 15.9 16.0 16.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 41.6 41.7 44.6 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... (S) (S) (S) "
	

 ......................................................................................... (S) (S) (S) #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... (S) (S) (S) #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... ––– #




 ...................................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 4931 Warehousing and Storage **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9**  **6.0** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 9.3 8.2 
	

 ........................................................................................... 6.9 8.9 9.7 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 4.8 8.1 7.9 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 12.0 9.4 9.3 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 14.4 16.7 20.5 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 23.5 15.7 15.0 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 19.5 12.4 11.9 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 21.3 11.4 11.2 #




 ...................................................................................... 9.5 12.1 11.9 5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8**  **14.4** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 8.3 9.3 
	

 ........................................................................................... 12.9 22.6 24.1 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 17.3 32.6 36.4 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 23.1 39.0 38.2 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 12.7 23.1 21.8 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 23.4 28.5 28.8 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 25.9 31.5 29.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 15.9 28.1 28.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 24.9 24.5 23.6 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-95 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-12. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Distance Shipped for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


551114 	

	



 **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3**  **11.9** 
	

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 12.0 12.5 
	

 ........................................................................................... 9.0 21.3 22.2 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 6.5 19.0 23.3 
	
!
 ......................................................................................... 11.3 16.6 16.1 
	
"!
 ......................................................................................... 8.9 12.9 13.7 "
	

 ......................................................................................... 10.9 25.6 25.0 #
	
#!
 ...................................................................................... 24.1 29.9 31.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................................... 23.1 20.7 19.9 #




 ...................................................................................... 28.6 27.3 28.2 – Estimate equal to zero. (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-96 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 212 Mining (Except Oil and Gas) **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.0 9.1**  **4.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 39.3 31.8 47.3 43.1 
	

 ............................................................................. (S) 36.5 (S) 33.2 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 28.7 33.3 31.1 43.2 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... (S) 37.4 30.9 (S) "
	

 ........................................................................... (S) 49.7 (S) 27.4 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ (S) 6.5 16.4 14.6 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 6.4 3.8 5.0 5.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 6.4 3.7 5.8 4.8 #




 ...................................................................... 5.1 6.7 9.8 8.7 311 Food Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 3.6 3.6 1**  **0.0** 
	

 ......................................................................... 10.2 11.6 20.9 15.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 7.3 9.7 9.1 10.2 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 5.5 6.4 9.4 7.9 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 5.2 9.1 7.1 7.5 "
	

 ........................................................................... 7.6 10.6 6.1 6.3 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 2.3 4.0 2.7 5.5 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 2.1 2.9 2.5 1.2 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 5.4 7.1 8.3 6.4 #




 ...................................................................... 5.3 7.8 7.7 2.7 312 Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 4.8 6.4 1**  **8.2** 
	

 ......................................................................... 32.4 20.4 39.5 17.8 
	

 ............................................................................. 19.4 27.4 21.4 46.3 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 15.2 15.6 14.1 27.9 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 14.1 15.0 16.4 (S) "
	

 ........................................................................... 28.1 18.0 18.4 47.0 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 9.0 12.1 15.0 34.6 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.6 5.5 7.0 4.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 12.1 11.5 18.5 14.1 #




 ...................................................................... 24.7 24.2 30.8 18.6 313 Textile Mills **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 4.7 6.7**  **6.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 15.3 13.3 21.1 8.2 
	

 ............................................................................. 12.7 10.9 12.0 7.5 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 10.0 10.4 12.3 5.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 8.6 8.3 10.0 5.8 "
	

 ........................................................................... 7.5 9.1 10.4 7.9 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.6 6.7 7.8 4.0 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 8.3 4.6 9.2 7.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 26.3 23.7 41.3 41.4 #




 ...................................................................... 42.2 31.5 39.5 (S) 314 Textile Product Mills **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 9.6 9.9**  **5.2** 
	

 ......................................................................... 9.2 18.8 19.9 5.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 9.8 12.6 14.1 5.5 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 6.7 10.7 11.6 6.3 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 17.1 32.5 10.8 (S) "
	

 ........................................................................... 17.2 27.8 11.3 35.7 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.3 8.2 9.4 11.6 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 10.3 11.3 13.1 7.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 39.5 43.5 44.5 40.5 #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) 27.1 (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-97 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 315 Apparel Manufacturing **Total ......................................................................**  **10.6 20.6 31.1 4.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 14.1 16.6 23.7 5.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 23.4 48.4 (S) 9.4 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 18.2 22.5 24.9 7.1 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 25.3 20.6 19.9 14.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 17.8 30.4 30.2 15.5 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 18.7 21.8 29.5 9.9 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 17.5 17.0 26.8 14.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 37.0 (S) (S) 39.5 #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 316 Leather and Allied Product Manufacturing **Total ......................................................................**  **10.0 21.7 23.8 4.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 29.8 29.3 29.7 3.9 
	

 ............................................................................. 27.6 21.5 23.4 5.8 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 15.6 18.4 32.3 7.7 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 31.3 41.1 47.4 14.6 "
	

 ........................................................................... 27.4 (S) (S) 13.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 15.9 48.4 (S) 9.7 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 18.7 22.7 24.3 10.2 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 44.1 38.4 48.7 22.5 #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 18.0 321 Wood Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.6 5.4**  **6.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 16.9 13.8 19.1 8.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 22.8 15.1 20.4 11.7 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 7.7 8.0 11.2 9.6 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 7.8 5.4 9.6 9.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 13.4 8.6 28.1 18.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 4.2 5.6 8.9 10.3 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 7.0 4.0 5.9 4.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 6.6 11.9 6.6 6.6 #




 ...................................................................... 7.2 9.1 10.7 4.1 322 Paper Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.3 3.2**  **3.7** 
	

 ......................................................................... 20.0 13.4 14.7 3.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 15.4 10.9 12.0 6.6 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 7.1 6.4 6.9 5.3 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 6.8 6.4 10.1 5.5 "
	

 ........................................................................... 8.6 7.5 9.8 7.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 3.9 4.5 6.5 4.4 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 10.6 9.7 10.3 10.2 #




 ...................................................................... 4.6 5.3 7.0 3.0 323 Printing and Related Support Activities **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 6.0 5.6**  **5.9** 
	

 ......................................................................... 6.3 7.6 11.9 6.0 
	

 ............................................................................. 4.2 5.9 7.1 4.6 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 10.1 5.6 9.1 4.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 5.4 7.1 11.9 6.7 "
	

 ........................................................................... 5.3 6.2 11.3 7.4 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.5 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.3 7.1 5.7 4.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 17.3 28.5 27.4 21.5 #




 ...................................................................... 26.1 (S) (S) 16.7 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-98 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 324 Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 5.4 7.5 1**  **2.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 5.4 
	

 ............................................................................. (S) 36.5 42.1 9.6 
	
!
 ........................................................................... (S) 29.0 39.9 8.6 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 29.1 33.9 36.2 12.1 "
	

 ........................................................................... 26.2 30.9 38.3 10.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 11.7 11.0 15.8 9.8 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 8.2 8.3 5.6 8.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 12.9 10.8 9.9 6.7 #




 ...................................................................... 4.9 5.9 9.7 9.6 325 Chemical Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 5.2 5.5**  **3.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 15.7 8.6 7.4 4.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 19.4 10.4 13.4 4.1 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 12.2 6.2 8.2 3.6 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 15.7 7.5 6.6 6.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 12.2 7.4 9.4 6.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 12.9 6.1 5.3 4.7 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 3.7 5.6 3.8 5.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 30.9 12.8 13.8 9.1 #




 ...................................................................... 9.2 8.5 8.8 1.8 326 Plastics and Rubber Products Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 2.7 3.8**  **3.6** 
	

 ......................................................................... 7.0 6.2 8.7 3.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 5.8 6.6 12.8 5.8 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 4.9 5.5 9.0 4.9 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 5.8 4.8 6.7 4.6 "
	

 ........................................................................... 4.6 4.8 7.3 3.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 2.6 4.9 4.2 3.5 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 3.2 3.1 3.3 1.9 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 26.5 23.1 32.5 15.7 #




 ...................................................................... 24.6 24.0 25.3 18.6 327 Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 4.1 4.0**  **6.7** 
	

 ......................................................................... 10.3 11.7 13.1 5.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 11.1 11.9 14.8 7.5 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 20.1 14.6 19.3 8.2 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 26.9 13.4 18.0 9.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 31.6 17.0 41.1 9.3 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 24.5 4.6 19.4 9.9 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 2.6 5.2 2.6 4.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 4.6 6.3 7.0 4.4 #




 ...................................................................... 6.9 14.0 13.0 11.0 331 Primary Metal Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 4.1 5.7**  **3.7** 
	

 ......................................................................... 11.7 12.7 13.7 6.8 
	

 ............................................................................. 12.4 19.9 20.7 6.1 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 6.9 9.8 10.7 6.5 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 10.1 7.9 9.1 6.2 "
	

 ........................................................................... 10.4 10.1 9.1 6.7 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.2 5.9 6.8 3.8 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 3.3 5.2 5.6 2.2 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 10.2 13.4 12.6 9.8 #




 ...................................................................... 5.2 6.8 9.9 5.6 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-99 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 332 Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 4.4 4.7**  **2.6** 
	

 ......................................................................... 5.0 4.4 5.6 3.5 
	

 ............................................................................. 5.2 5.4 6.5 3.8 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 3.5 3.9 3.5 3.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.4 "
	

 ........................................................................... 5.2 4.7 8.6 5.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 2.8 5.6 3.5 3.7 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 3.6 5.5 3.7 4.0 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 8.9 17.1 12.0 17.8 #




 ...................................................................... 15.5 23.5 29.8 11.0 333 Machinery Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 5.1 6.7**  **3.1** 
	

 ......................................................................... 3.4 2.8 4.6 3.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 4.9 5.2 5.5 3.1 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 4.7 3.9 3.4 2.7 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 7.6 7.6 6.5 3.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 5.2 6.8 7.0 4.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 5.0 5.2 5.2 2.8 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.4 7.7 10.8 5.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 16.2 16.3 19.5 5.9 #




 ...................................................................... 20.1 26.2 41.8 9.0 334 Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.8 7.7**  **2.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 4.1 6.9 6.4 3.0 
	

 ............................................................................. 7.2 8.3 8.4 3.1 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 5.4 5.0 6.1 3.7 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 8.6 8.3 11.2 5.5 "
	

 ........................................................................... 9.5 9.0 15.3 7.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 10.9 8.4 8.9 4.7 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 36.4 14.2 15.6 8.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 34.7 (S) 42.0 18.8 #




 ...................................................................... (S) 36.6 37.2 22.0 335 Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.9 6.3**  **3.5** 
	

 ......................................................................... 8.2 7.3 8.5 2.7 
	

 ............................................................................. 5.2 6.9 7.4 2.7 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 6.3 8.0 6.2 7.4 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 9.5 10.0 9.6 3.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 9.8 5.5 7.8 6.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 5.4 5.9 6.4 2.4 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.3 5.3 8.5 4.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 21.4 20.8 20.9 10.8 #




 ...................................................................... 42.9 37.3 38.9 11.6 336 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.4 3.3**  **2.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 10.7 10.6 10.2 3.2 
	

 ............................................................................. 6.9 8.4 7.7 3.4 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 8.1 4.6 6.6 4.1 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 14.5 10.8 12.1 7.7 "
	

 ........................................................................... 18.9 8.3 10.2 5.0 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 10.7 10.5 11.2 7.3 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 4.9 5.0 5.7 2.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 13.6 25.9 13.3 16.0 #




 ...................................................................... 43.0 19.8 24.7 9.7 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-100 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 337 Furniture Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 6.6 5.8**  **3.2** 
	

 ......................................................................... 13.7 15.7 19.7 4.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 6.3 8.3 11.1 4.2 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 5.8 7.3 6.8 3.5 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 4.5 7.6 7.0 4.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 6.3 7.4 6.8 5.4 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 3.0 4.2 4.1 3.3 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 10.9 14.8 11.4 3.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 20.8 26.1 44.6 11.4 #




 ...................................................................... 34.8 (S) (S) 23.5 339 Miscellaneous Manufacturing **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9**  **11.7 15.9 4.3** 
	

 ......................................................................... 3.9 6.3 6.7 4.7 
	

 ............................................................................. 8.7 6.6 5.6 3.5 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 5.3 5.1 5.4 2.2 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 9.1 11.3 16.1 5.6 "
	

 ........................................................................... 8.9 7.9 8.6 6.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.8 8.5 8.0 4.3 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 7.0 21.7 27.0 5.4 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 30.7 (S) (S) 17.1 #




 ...................................................................... 37.5 40.7 42.3 26.3 4231 Motor Vehicle and Motor Vehicle Parts and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3**  **17.4 11.1 13.1** 
	

 ......................................................................... 5.5 6.7 16.0 13.2 
	

 ............................................................................. 9.1 9.7 26.6 14.3 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 8.7 7.0 26.5 14.7 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 12.0 6.8 13.5 10.6 "
	

 ........................................................................... 8.2 8.2 10.1 10.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.8 12.6 22.9 7.8 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 21.3 33.7 17.2 16.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 25.8 33.5 36.5 (S) #




 ...................................................................... 41.7 23.2 32.4 30.9 4232 Furniture and Home Furnishings **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 8.0**  **20.7 7.5** 
	

 ......................................................................... 11.6 22.0 30.2 8.4 
	

 ............................................................................. 12.7 14.7 18.0 7.1 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 7.0 7.3 11.9 7.3 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 8.9 8.6 18.2 9.0 "
	

 ........................................................................... 9.8 9.6 17.3 9.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 7.0 7.7 11.5 7.0 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 9.1 10.9 22.8 11.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 24.3 35.0 (S) 24.7 #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 20.9 4233 Lumber and Other Construction Materials **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.4**  **13.8 10.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 7.8 5.9 16.9 13.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 5.5 5.8 19.6 14.4 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 3.8 4.0 15.9 13.6 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 4.7 3.8 14.9 11.6 "
	

 ........................................................................... 5.4 4.6 10.3 8.7 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 4.3 4.3 7.1 8.2 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 3.8 9.6 5.6 7.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 12.2 12.8 19.1 13.6 #




 ...................................................................... 23.9 27.5 47.3 24.7 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-101 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 4234 Professional and Commercial Equipment and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 9.2**  **14.3 5.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 5.0 4.4 10.1 5.8 
	

 ............................................................................. 6.3 8.1 8.1 7.2 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 7.4 6.5 7.4 7.4 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 8.1 8.5 9.0 9.8 "
	

 ........................................................................... 19.1 24.1 (S) 15.5 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 8.4 12.7 18.7 14.2 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 18.3 22.1 22.4 20.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... (S) 32.1 (S) 27.7 #




 ...................................................................... 38.5 (S) 40.2 (S) 4235 Metal and Mineral (Except Petroleum) **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5**  **10.7 13.8 8.3** 
	

 ......................................................................... 9.6 8.8 18.0 11.9 
	

 ............................................................................. 7.8 8.1 18.0 10.3 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 6.2 5.2 9.5 10.1 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 4.7 5.7 12.9 15.5 "
	

 ........................................................................... 7.1 5.8 11.4 8.7 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.7 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.1 5.3 4.7 4.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 13.2 19.8 19.6 18.6 #




 ...................................................................... 17.5 35.9 35.2 13.9 4236 Electrical and Electronic Goods **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 8.4**  **14.1 6.0** 
	

 ......................................................................... 4.7 6.6 8.7 6.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 8.8 7.6 12.4 8.3 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 7.7 6.4 10.5 8.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 6.8 7.5 13.2 10.0 "
	

 ........................................................................... 17.0 14.5 42.4 16.9 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.9 8.3 13.2 9.0 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 23.1 18.5 23.7 13.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 45.1 36.8 28.0 (S) #




 ...................................................................... (S) 37.2 (S) (S) 4237 Hardware and Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4**  **11.1 12.9 6.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 6.0 5.5 9.7 7.8 
	

 ............................................................................. 7.7 6.0 11.6 9.8 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 5.7 4.2 7.2 7.7 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 7.5 5.7 9.6 9.7 "
	

 ........................................................................... 9.9 6.4 14.3 11.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 4.6 4.9 6.9 6.3 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 12.2 12.8 15.4 13.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 32.0 34.3 (S) 40.8 #




 ...................................................................... (S) 34.6 (S) 27.2 4238 Machinery, Equipment, and Supplies **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5**  **13.1 7.0 4.9** 
	

 ......................................................................... 4.2 3.9 7.1 5.4 
	

 ............................................................................. 5.6 4.6 8.4 4.9 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 3.8 4.3 7.1 5.2 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 5.2 5.8 8.6 9.0 "
	

 ........................................................................... 10.6 8.1 10.2 11.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 4.7 6.6 10.2 5.1 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.6 26.8 9.4 10.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 12.7 16.2 29.1 30.6 #




 ...................................................................... 17.7 23.2 (S) 19.5 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-102 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 4239 Miscellaneous Durable Goods **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6**  **14.6 11.0 3.9** 
	

 ......................................................................... 7.4 9.6 12.3 3.5 
	

 ............................................................................. 10.8 12.2 13.3 6.0 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 9.7 12.2 18.3 6.5 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 9.7 13.4 18.3 10.2 "
	

 ........................................................................... 16.1 21.7 14.6 16.4 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 9.9 10.9 15.2 12.5 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.9 18.6 14.5 18.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 13.2 22.0 14.6 27.2 #




 ...................................................................... 10.9 12.9 20.9 12.2 4241 Paper and Paper Products **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5**  **11.5 23.7 7.5** 
	

 ......................................................................... 7.0 4.9 15.2 8.1 
	

 ............................................................................. 7.6 4.8 7.1 7.7 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 3.8 4.1 8.8 9.2 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 7.6 5.9 9.7 9.8 "
	

 ........................................................................... 9.8 7.9 17.2 20.3 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.1 6.0 17.0 11.9 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 7.6 9.9 16.3 10.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 32.2 (S) (S) 17.6 #




 ...................................................................... 48.4 40.6 42.9 11.4 4242 Drugs and Druggists’ Sundries **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3**  **17.2 11.8 6.9** 
	

 ......................................................................... 10.4 7.9 8.4 7.2 
	

 ............................................................................. 14.7 12.8 16.6 12.3 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 14.5 14.8 22.4 9.8 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 19.3 19.6 35.2 10.8 "
	

 ........................................................................... 28.5 21.4 30.5 12.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 14.4 36.3 13.6 11.4 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 20.0 28.3 14.9 25.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 28.1 40.4 (S) 38.0 #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) 39.6 4243 Apparel, Piece Goods, and Notions **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6**  **12.9 20.6 4.0** 
	

 ......................................................................... 8.7 7.8 9.7 3.8 
	

 ............................................................................. 10.1 7.8 10.8 6.1 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 11.8 9.1 13.2 6.9 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 11.8 10.4 12.6 9.0 "
	

 ........................................................................... 17.8 12.7 15.3 11.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 10.5 9.9 18.5 6.9 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 12.1 31.0 (S) 13.3 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 45.0 43.1 (S) 35.9 #




 ...................................................................... 23.9 27.5 (S) 38.9 4244 Grocery and Related Product Wholesalers **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 2.8 7.4**  **7.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 7.7 8.3 20.1 17.7 
	

 ............................................................................. 5.0 4.7 9.8 6.5 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 3.5 4.2 6.8 5.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 3.4 4.5 6.8 4.8 "
	

 ........................................................................... 4.5 6.1 7.9 5.2 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.1 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 3.9 5.0 6.4 4.1 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 12.8 27.8 39.8 20.3 #




 ...................................................................... 26.0 26.2 43.7 11.8 See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-103 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 4245 Farm Product Raw Materials **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.2**  **10.2 14.5** 
	

 ......................................................................... (S) 28.6 44.0 28.1 
	

 ............................................................................. 28.7 28.5 35.0 34.3 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 30.7 26.1 39.7 41.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 30.2 28.2 45.7 22.0 "
	

 ........................................................................... 25.8 22.8 34.4 34.8 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 16.7 18.3 22.2 26.2 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 12.1 8.6 16.8 14.0 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 8.4 9.6 10.6 8.0 #




 ...................................................................... 8.0 8.1 11.3 10.1 4246 Chemical and Allied Products **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3**  **16.1 17.5 8.9** 
	

 ......................................................................... 11.4 16.1 10.7 13.9 
	

 ............................................................................. 15.5 12.8 13.8 13.9 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 11.1 14.6 15.2 14.8 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 9.8 13.0 13.9 18.1 "
	

 ........................................................................... 10.8 14.6 12.2 19.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 6.5 9.8 10.7 10.4 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 7.6 25.1 18.3 7.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 18.3 25.9 23.9 21.4 #




 ...................................................................... 21.0 33.5 41.3 13.7 4247 Petroleum and Petroleum Products **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 4.3 8.6 1**  **2.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 48.0 36.2 (S) 17.2 
	

 ............................................................................. 27.5 17.5 47.7 15.8 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 13.0 10.6 17.5 12.8 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 10.8 11.3 18.9 22.8 "
	

 ........................................................................... 10.8 12.2 13.2 12.5 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 7.2 6.9 8.8 8.1 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 5.8 5.2 11.6 9.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 6.0 5.8 7.9 4.7 #




 ...................................................................... 17.7 19.3 28.4 22.0 4248 Beer, Wine, and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 4.1**  **14.8 6.0** 
	

 ......................................................................... (S) 11.9 11.7 18.6 
	

 ............................................................................. 8.8 5.8 8.6 5.9 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 6.3 4.3 5.8 5.3 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 3.0 3.5 7.6 9.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 5.4 4.3 8.1 5.6 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 4.2 4.1 6.1 7.0 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 9.9 8.9 31.3 29.7 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 25.3 25.0 31.8 32.3 #




 ...................................................................... 36.5 40.1 (S) 10.9 4249 Miscellaneous Nondurable Goods **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 8.6**  **18.7 7.7** 
	

 ......................................................................... 5.4 9.6 12.3 7.8 
	

 ............................................................................. 6.1 7.7 13.8 13.2 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 4.6 5.9 13.8 9.2 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 5.3 7.5 8.3 9.9 "
	

 ........................................................................... 5.4 7.2 7.1 7.7 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 5.5 6.6 11.6 10.2 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 9.6 10.1 13.1 10.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 15.5 14.7 20.8 13.0 #




 ...................................................................... 21.6 18.6 30.9 15.5 See footnotes at end of table.

## B-104 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

 4541 Electronic Shopping and Mail Order Houses **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 7.2 8.1**  **2.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 7.3 9.4 8.3 2.4 
	

 ............................................................................. 11.2 17.2 19.6 6.7 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 15.4 20.6 17.1 14.6 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 22.9 23.8 27.5 20.5 "
	

 ........................................................................... 33.7 34.2 (S) 17.1 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 37.5 17.9 30.2 13.2 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 43.5 26.6 33.5 15.8 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 44.9 36.0 2.5 (S) #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) 45431 Fuel Dealers **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 5.8**  **33.2 7.3** 
	

 ......................................................................... 18.8 18.0 13.7 22.3 
	

 ............................................................................. 8.9 6.8 9.0 8.7 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 8.3 8.1 11.9 5.4 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 5.1 6.1 17.7 15.2 "
	

 ........................................................................... 7.3 7.3 11.3 10.0 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 5.2 5.5 15.5 9.1 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 16.6 15.2 (S) 23.5 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 31.1 31.8 (S) 18.6 #




 ...................................................................... 49.2 44.9 27.6 32.8 4931 Warehousing and Storage **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 5.9 6.0**  **4.4** 
	

 ......................................................................... 14.2 11.7 15.3 3.5 
	

 ............................................................................. 17.6 8.9 13.4 7.9 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 14.9 12.9 4.9 8.8 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 9.4 7.2 8.9 10.3 "
	

 ........................................................................... 17.6 8.9 10.9 9.7 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 10.3 4.0 5.1 5.5 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 7.9 4.9 6.0 3.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 22.6 28.3 36.9 13.6 #




 ...................................................................... 23.7 23.3 34.0 12.0 5111 Newspaper, Periodical, Book, and Directory Publishers **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 7.8**  **14.4 25.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 14.2 14.1 12.0 27.5 
	

 ............................................................................. 14.2 15.2 13.7 19.7 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 10.1 15.2 11.8 20.0 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 34.7 15.8 26.6 14.2 "
	

 ........................................................................... 21.3 14.6 23.4 26.3 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 11.7 11.2 27.3 18.0 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 14.6 10.5 23.6 18.0 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 44.5 (S) (S) 35.5 #




 ...................................................................... (S) (S) (S) (S) See footnotes at end of table.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-105 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-13. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Industry and Shipment Weight for the United States: 2007—Con. [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey]

NAICS code NAICS title Value—	


	


 	


	


  1 —	


	


 

 

	

	
 	

551114 	

	



 **Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 8.3**  **11.9 4.8** 
	

 ......................................................................... 16.1 11.9 12.1 3.5 
	

 ............................................................................. 26.0 14.0 16.4 9.2 
	
!
 ........................................................................... 19.1 13.5 11.8 9.7 
	
"!
 ........................................................................... 17.1 21.9 14.3 14.2 "
	

 ........................................................................... 12.9 30.6 12.0 16.4 #
	
#
 ........................................................................ 12.1 9.6 14.0 10.3 #
	
!#
 ...................................................................... 15.5 8.8 13.1 10.6 #
	
#
 ...................................................................... 26.4 14.4 26.4 15.8 #




 ...................................................................... 28.4 17.4 24.8 11.7 (S) Estimate did not meet publication standards. 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## B-106 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-14. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Origin State for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] $

		 Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 9.8 11.2 Alaska
........................................................................................................... 15.9 16.4 15.9 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 0 7.1 12.7 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 10.7 4.0 California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 6.8 3.6 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 14.4 19.6 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.0 9.9 Delaware
........................................................................................................ 15.2 18.3 18.9 District of Columbia
................................................................................................ 20.4 26.3 18.4 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 7.9 5.7 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 11.1 4.4 Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. 6 23.6 20.0 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 6.6 10.6 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 3.6 8.8 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 7.0 4.5 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 7 9.0 11.2 Kansas
.......................................................................................................... 10.5 10.4 12.0 Kentucky
......................................................................................................... 16.3 10.5 12.8 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 5.7 7.8 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 18.0 12.6 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 6.6 10.5 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1 2.4 2.8 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 6.0 7.2 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 4.3 13.2 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 13.1 15.9 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 5.5 12.2 Montana
......................................................................................................... 10.3 28.0 27.1 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 28.2 13.0 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 15.2 16.4 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 9 .7 10.9 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 5.8 9.4 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 22.3 15.9 New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 5 5.3 17.0 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 5.1 2.6 North Dakota
..................................................................................................... 10.3 21.7 22.5 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 3.7 7.1 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 8.0 6.0 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 13.0 12.7 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 9.4 6.0 Rhode Island
..................................................................................................... 12.5 17.8 15.9 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 8.2 7.2 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 14.8 14.3 Tennessee
....................................................................................................... 11.4 14.0 20.3 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 4.7 5.1 Utah
............................................................................................................ 14.5 12.4 19.2 Vermont
......................................................................................................... 12.4 14.9 24.7 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.0 10.1 18.9 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 7.7 16.4 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 17.6 20.0 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 10.5 14.0 Wyoming
......................................................................................................... 11.6 15.5 13.9 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States B-107 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Table B-15. 

# Estimated Coefficients of Variation for Shipment Characteristics by Destination State for the United States: 2007 [Estimates are shown as percentages and are based on data from the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey] %		
		 Value—	


	


 	


	


  1
—	


	


 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.3 9.2 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 15.6 14.2 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. 6 7.4 6.8 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 9.8 19.5 California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 7.0 5.0 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 10.3 10.0 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 7.5 8.5 Delaware
........................................................................................................ 10.9 18.9 23.3 District of Columbia
................................................................................................ 14.3 24.9 36.5 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 6.7 9.5 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 8.2 10.2 Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. 3 20.0 10.2 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 8.7 10.6 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 5.9 14.3 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 7.8 12.3 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 9 7.2 11.2 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 7.8 13.1 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 8.5 16.7 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 7.6 11.8 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 16.3 11.2 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 9.0 7.9 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 1 2.3 5.1 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 6.6 10.2 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 6.2 8.3 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 8.8 19.8 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 6.9 18.0 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 24.3 11.7 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.9 30.3 10.8 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 13.5 8.6 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 10 .2 9.8 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 8.1 14.6 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 25.4 8.2 New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. 3 5.4 4.3 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 5.5 8.3 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 25.5 21.1 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 5.8 7.2 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 8.1 13.1 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 12.0 13.9 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0 6.5 7.0 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 13.7 15.4 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 6.2 7.1 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 11.0 14.8 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 8.6 6.9 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 4.7 8.6 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 9.6 7.6 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 12.3 8.7 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 9.2 13.5 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 8.0 10.6 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 11.7 13.0 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 7.5 9.9 Wyoming
......................................................................................................... 10.0 23.9 17.8 1 Ton-miles estimates are based on estimated distances traveled along a modeled transportation network. See “Mileage Calculation s” section for additional information. Note: The Introduction and appendixes give information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, sample design, and definitions. Links to the information on the Internet may be found at <www.census.gov/cfs>.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States C-1 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Appendix C. 

# Sample Design, Data Collection, and Estimation

INTRODUCTION The primary goal for the 2007 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) was to estimate shipping volumes (value, tons, and ton-miles) by commodity and mode of transportation at varying levels of geographic detail. A secondary objective was to estimate the volume of shipments moving from one geographic area to another (i.e., flows of commodities between states, regions, etc.) by mode and commodity. A detailed description of the sample design for the 2007 CFS is provided below. 

# SAMPLE DESIGNThe sample for the 2007 CFS was selected using a stratified three-stage design in which the first-stage sampling units were establishments, the second-stage sampling units were groups of four 1-week periods (reporting weeks) within the survey year, and the third-stage sampling units were shipments. First Stage—Establishment Selection Sampling frameTo create the first-stage sampling frame, a subset of establishment records (as of August 2006) was extracted from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Business Register. The Business Register is a database of all known establishments located in the United States or its territories. An establishment is a single physical location where business transactions take place or services are performed. Most establishments located in the United States, having nonzero payroll in2005, and classified in mining (except oil and gas extraction), manufacturing, wholesale, electronic shopping and mail order, fuel dealers, and publishing industries, as defined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), were included on the sampling frame.Certain manufacturers (pre-press services) and wholesalers (manufacturers’ sales offices, agents and brokers, and certain importers) were excluded from the frame. Auxiliary establishments (e.g., warehouses and central administrative offices) with shipping activity were also included on the sampling frame. Auxiliary establishmentsare establishments that are primarily involved in rendering support services for other establishments within the same company instead of for the public, government, or other business firms. Establishments classified in forestry, fishing, utilities, construction, transportation, and all other retail and services industries were not included on the sampling frame. Farms and government-owned entities (except government-owned wholesale liquor stores) were also excluded from the sampling frame. The resulting frame comprised approximately 754,000 establishments as listed in the table below. Trade area Establishments Mining 6,789 Manufacturing 327,826 Wholesale 356,477 Retail 25,190 Services 22,539 Auxiliaries 14,878 **Total 753,699**

## For each establishment, sales, payroll, number of employees, a six-digit NAICS code, name and address, and a primary identifier were extracted, and a measure of size wascomputed. The measure of size was designed to approximate an establishment’s annual total value of shipments for the year 2004. All of the establishments included on the sampling frame had state, county, and place geographic codes, which wereused to assign each establishment to one of the 73 metropolitan areas (MAs) defined as a combination of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), combined statistical areas (CSAs), and states. Establishments not located in an MA were assigned to the balance of the state. Stratification The sampling frame was stratified by geography andindustry. A particular geographic-by-industry combination defined a “primary stratum.” Geographic strata were defined by a combination of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 65 MAs based on their population and importance as transportation gateways. All other MAs were collapsed with the non-MAs within the state into rest of state (ROS) strata. When an MA crossed state boundaries, the size of each part of the MA was considered relative to the MAs total measure of size when determining whether or not to create strata in each state in which the MA was defined. Six MAs had strata in two or more states. The industry strata were determined as follows. Within each of the geographic strata, 48 industry groups were defined based on the 2002 NAICS: 3 mining (four-digit NAICS); 21 manufacturing (three-digit NAICS); 18 wholesale (four-digit NAICS); 2 retail (NAICS 4541 and 45431); 1 ser-

## C-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## vices (NAICS 5111 and 51223 combined); and 3 auxiliary (combinations of NAICS 4931 and 551114). If a three- or four-digit NAICS industry contributed at least 4 percent of the total value (based on sampling measure of size) or tonnage (based on 2002 CFS data) for the geographic stratum or the nation, it was designated as a do not collapseindustry stratum within the geographic stratum. Industries not meeting this level of activity within a geographic stratum were grouped with other similar industries. The remaining industry strata were collapsed to form at most 10 collapsed industry strata within each geographic stratum. The method used to collapse the remaining strata used 2002 CFS data as input to a Classification and RegressionTree (CART) procedure that related industries with commodities. The terminal nodes from the CART procedurewere then grouped using a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Using the results from the hierarchical clustering algorithm, some of the clusters were manually regrouped to arrive at the final industry clusters. To produce better estimates of the shipment of hazardous materials (hazmat) for 2007, a total of 160 strata targeting hazmat shippers were created. Using 2002 CFS data, thesix-digit NAICS industries that accounted for a large proportion of the estimated total value and/or total tonnage for six groups of hazmat were identified. These included ammonium nitrate, ethanol, explosives, hydrogen, toxic by inhalation, and all other miscellaneous hazmat. The treatment of auxiliary establishments was modified for 2007 to take advantage of the data collected through the advance survey. For auxiliaries that responded to the advance survey and were considered to be shippers, 123strata were created—one in each geographic stratum, combining both NAICS 4931 and 551114. Two national strata for auxiliary establishments were also created for those that did not respond to the advance survey—one stratum for nonresponding warehouses (those classified in NAICS 4931) and one stratum for nonresponding management offices (NAICS 551114). The table below summarizes the primary stratification of the CFS sampling frame. Of the 2,745 primary strata, 232 were designated as take-all strata because of the small number of establishments in the stratum and/or their importance. Primary strata Number Do not collapse 1,306 Collapsed 1,154 Auxiliaries (advance survey responders) 123 Auxiliaries (advance survey nonresponders) 2 Hazmat 160 **Total 2,745** 

## Sample size and allocationSample sizes were computed to meet coefficient of variation (CV) constraints on estimated value of shipments totals for each primary stratum. A CV of 1.5 percent on the estimated total value of shipments was used for each primary stratum because it produced total sample sizes of approximately 100,000 establishments. The primary constraints were budget related, which are translated into an approximate fixed sample size for the survey. The goal of the design was to allocate this fixed total sample size in a statistically efficient manner. The CV constraints were primarily used as a tool to allocate more of the sample to more important strata. It was assumed that the cost of data collection would not vary by stratum. Maximum sampling weight and minimum sample size constraints were also imposed. For the CFS designs, the maximum first stage sample weight was set to 100 and the minimum sample size to 2 establishments per stratum. The procedure for determining sampling parameters wasan iterative computerized process. The sample design programs used in the process are part of a group of generalized programs that have been modified to accommodate the needs of the survey but use common methods, such as the Dalenius & Hodges cumulative sqrt(f) procedure, Neyman allocation, and similar rules for determining acceptable designs.For each (non-take-all) primary sampling stratum, the survey designer specified as input to a Generalized Univariate Stratification (GUS) program:
s The desired number of bins (for a frequency distribution used in the Dalenius & Hodges’ cumulative sqrt[f] procedure).
s The desired number of size strata.
s The desired number of certainty companies.
s The desired coefficient of variation for total value of shipments.
s The maximum sampling weight.
s The minimum sample size. Once designs were determined for each of the primary strata, the information from these designs was used as input to a program that attempted to more efficiently allocate the sample to meet the desired CV on each primary stratum and also determine the sample sizes needed to meet a national level constraint. Designs with a national level constraint tend to allocate more samples to the larger states so there is a trade off between better national estimates and the quality of the more detailed geographic estimates. For the 2007 CFS, a design with a primary strata CV of 1.7 percent and a national CV of 0.036 percent was chosen. The final first stage sample size was 102,369 establishments.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States C-3 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## Second Stage—Reporting Week Selection The frame for the second stage of sampling consisted of 52 weeks from January 6, 2007, to January 4, 2008. Eachestablishment selected into the 2007 CFS sample was systematically assigned to report for four reporting weeks— one in each quarter of the reference year. Each of the four weeks was in the same relative position of the quarter. For example, an establishment might have been requested to report data for the 5th, 18th, 31st, and 44th weeks of thereference year. In this instance, each reporting week corresponds to the 5th week of each quarter. Prior to assignment of weeks to establishments, the selected sample was sorted by primary stratum (state by metropolitan area by industry) and measure-of-size. Third Stage—Shipment SelectionFor each of the four reporting weeks in which an establishment was asked to report, the respondent was requested to construct a sampling frame consisting of all shipments made by the establishment in the reporting week. Eachrespondent was asked to count or estimate the total number of shipments comprising the sampling frame and to record this number on the questionnaire. For each assigned reporting week, if an establishment made more than 40 shipments during that week, the respondent was asked toselect a systematic sample of the establishment’s shipments and to provide information only about the selected shipments. If an establishment made 40 or fewershipments during that week, the respondent was asked to provide information about all of the establishment’s shipments made during that week (i.e., no sampling was required). 

# DATA COLLECTION Each establishment selected into the CFS sample was mailed a questionnaire for each of its four reporting weeks, that is, an establishment was sent a questionnaire once every quarter of 2007. For a given establishment, the respondent was asked to provide the following information about each of the establishment’s reported shipments:
s Shipment ID number s Shipment date (mm/dd) s Shipment value s Shipment weight in pounds s Commodity code from Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) list s Commodity description s United Nations or North America (UN/NA) number for hazardous material shipments s U.S. destination (city, state, Zip Code)—or gateway for export shipment s Modes of transport s An indication of whether the shipment was an export s City and country of destination for exports s Export mode For a shipment that included more than one commodity, the respondent was instructed to report the commodity that made up the greatest percentage of the shipment’s weight. 

# IMPUTATION OF SHIPMENT VALUE OR WEIGHT To correct for nonresponse to either the value or weight for a given shipment reported in the CFS, the missing value for the item (or value that failed edit) was replaced by a predicted value obtained from an appropriate model. Such a shipment was considered a “recipient” if it had a valid commodity code and the other item reported was greater than zero and had passed edit. The recipient’s item that was missing or failed edit was imputed as follows. First, a “donor” shipment was randomly selected from shipments that were reported in the CFS with:
s The same commodity code as the recipient.
s Both value and weight items reported greater than zero and had passed edit.
s Similar origin and value for the item reported by the recipient. Then, the donor’s value and weight data were used tocalculate a ratio, which was then applied to the recipient’s reported item to impute the item that was missing or failed edit. If no donor was found, the median ratio forall shipments reported in the survey with the same commodity code as the recipient—and with both value and weight items reported greater than zero—was applied to the recipient’s reported item. For either the value or weight item, about 3 percent of the shipment records used for the calculation of estimates had imputed data for the item. 

# ESTIMATION Estimated totals (e.g., value of shipments, tons, ton-miles) were produced as the sum of weighted shipment data(reported or imputed). Percentage change and percentageof-total estimates were derived using the appropriate estimated totals. Estimates of average miles per shipment were computed by dividing a weighted estimate of the total miles traveled by the estimated weighted number of shipments. Each shipment had associated with it a single tabulation weight, which was used in computing all estimates to which the shipment contributes. The tabulation weight was a product of seven different component weights and a noise factor. A description of each component weight follows.

## C-4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## CFS respondents provided data for a sample of shipments made by their respective establishments in the survey year. For each establishment, an estimate of that establishment’stotal value of shipments was produced for the entire survey year. To do this, four different weights were used—the shipment weight, the shipment nonresponse weight, the quarter weight, and the quarter nonresponse weight. Three additional weights were then applied to produce estimatesrepresentative of the entire universe—the establishmentlevel adjustment weight, the establishment (or sample) weight, and the industry-level adjustment weight. Like establishments, shipments were identified as eithercertainty or noncertainty (see the “Nonsampling Error” section). For noncertainty shipments, the “shipment weight” was defined as the ratio of the reported total number of shipments made by an establishment in a reporting week to the number of sampled shipments for the same week. This weight used data from the sampled shipments to represent all the establishment’s shipments made in the reporting week. However, a respondent may have failed to provide sufficient information about a particular sampled shipment. For example, a respondent may not have been able to provide value, weight, or a destination for one of the sampled shipments. If this data item could not beimputed, then this shipment did not contribute to tabulations and was deemed unusable (a “usable shipment” is one that has valid entries for value, weight, and origin anddestination ZIP Codes). To account for these unusable shipments, a “shipment nonresponse weight” was applied. For noncertainty shipments from a particular establishment’s reporting week, the weight was equal to the ratio of the number of sampled shipments for the reporting week to the number of usable shipments for the same week. The shipment weight for certainty shipments from a particular establishment’s reporting week was equal to 1. The quarter weight inflated an establishment’s estimate for a particular reporting week to an estimate for the corresponding quarter. For noncertainty shipments, the quarter weight was equal to 13. The quarter weight for most certainty shipments is also equal to 13. However, if a respondent was able to provide information about all large (or certainty) shipments made in the quarter containing the reporting week, then the quarter weight for each of these shipments was one. For each establishment, the quarterlyestimates were added to produce an estimate of the establishment’s value of shipments for the entire survey year. Whenever an establishment did not provide the Census Bureau with a response for each of its four reporting weeks, a quarter nonresponse weight was computed. The“quarter nonresponse weight” for a particular establishment was defined as the ratio of the number of quarters for which the establishment was in business in the survey year to the total number of quarters (reporting weeks) for which usable shipment data was received from the establishment. Using these four component weights, an estimate of each establishment’s value of shipments was computed for the entire survey year. This estimate was then multiplied by a factor that adjusts the estimate using value of shipments and sales data obtained from other surveys and censuses conducted by the Census Bureau. This weight, the establishment-level adjustment weight , attempted to correct for any sampling or nonsampling errors that occurred during the sampling of shipments by the respondent.The adjusted value of shipments estimate for an establishment was then weighted by the establishment (or sample) weight . This weight was equal to the reciprocal of the establishment’s probability of being selected into the first stage sample. A final adjustment weight, the industry-level adjustment weight , used information from other surveys and censusesconducted by the Census Bureau to account for establishment nonresponse or nonuseable response and changes in the universe of establishments from 2006 when the first-stage sampling frame was constructed and from 2007 when the data were collected. Separate industry-level adjustment weights were determined for nonauxiliary and auxiliary establishments. For the final CFS estimates, theseindustry-level adjustments were made by state at the threedigit (Manufacturing) or four-digit (all other industries) NAICS levels. There were approximately 2,150 separate industry adjustment weights computed. A noise factor was then applied to provide additional disclosure protection (see Appendix B, “Reliability of the Estimates”).

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States D-1 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Appendix D. 

# Standard Classification of Transported Goods Code Information The commodities shown in this report are classified using the Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) coding system. The SCTG coding system was created jointly by U.S. agencies and Canadian governments based on the Harmonized System of product classification that is used worldwide. The purpose of the SCTG coding system was to specifically address statistical needs in regard to products transported. In 1997, 2002, and 2007, the Commodity Flow Survey provided respondents with a listing of SCTG codes and descriptions at the five-digit level to use in assigning a commodity code for each shipment. For shipments of more than one commodity, respondents were instructed to use the five-digit code for the major commodity, defined as the commodity of greatest total weight in the shipment. For the data presented on this report, the SCTG codes were aggregated to the two-digit level.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-1 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Appendix E. 

# Sample Questionnaire Instructions and Form
The sample questionnaire instructions and form for the fourth quarter are shown on the following pages. Note: The questionnaires for each calendar quarter were the same, except for the addition of Item H—“Third Party Logistics” to the fourth quarter questionnaire.

## E-2 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## CFS-1100 **(10-24-2006)**



## U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

# Instructions for completing the Commodity Flow Survey also are available on our **website at** http://www.census.gov/CFS **. If you need to contact us by telephone, a representative will be glad to assist you. Call us at**  1–800–772–7851 **between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. Eastern time.**  

# 2007 Commodity Flow Survey

**Instructions for Completing the Commodity Flow Survey Please read all instructions.** 

Contents: 

# INSTRUCTION GUIDE

Part I — Part II — Part III — **Instructions for Completing your Questionnaire ...............**  **Mode of Transportation Definitions .........................**  **State Postal Abbreviation List .............................** 

**U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION** 

# v v v **Pages 2–6 Page 7**  **Page 8**

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-3 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire

**Item D(1): Total Number of Outbound Shipments Enter in the space provided your total number of outbound shipments**  for the one week reporting period **printed in Item D(1).** What we mean by a "shipment": **For the purposes of this survey, a shipment is a single consignment of commodities or products from your establishment to a single customer or to**  **another specific location of your company transported in commerce, often with a shipping document such as a manifest, bill of lading, or waybill.**  **"Commodities" refer to items that the establishment at this location produces, sells, or distributes,**  **not to items that are considered waste-products (without**  **value) of your location’s operation.**

**Include in this count any materials picked up by the customer ("customer**  **pick-up").**

**Do not**  **include as shipments such as refuse, scrap paper, waste, and recyclable materials**  unless **this establishment is in the business of selling or providing these materials to others.**  **A full, or partial, truckload should be counted as a single shipment only if all the commodities on the truck are destined for one location. If a truck makes**  **multiple deliveries on a route,** please count each delivery as one shipment. A special note about "shipments":

**Do not**  **include as shipments internal administrative items, such as inter-office memos, payroll checks, business correspondence, etc.**  **Include only those shipments from the location specified in Item B, or**  **label address if not changed. Include**  **shipments of commodities of all sizes, by any mode of transportation (e.g., parcels).**  **Include any shipment of products from this establishment to another**  **location of the company if intended for sale (e.g., products moved from this establishment to a company warehouse).** 

**Do not**  **include as shipments items moved from the establishment at this location to another location of the company if not intended for**  **commercial activity (e.g., the transfer of office furniture from one location of this company to another location of this company for use at the new**  **l ocat**  **i o**  **n )**  **. Item A: Establishment Name:**  **Enter** only **if different from mailing address in label area. Item B: Physical Location:**  **Enter** only **if different from mailing address in label area. Item C: Operating Status:**  **Check the box that best describes this establishment’s operating status during the designated reporting week.** 

Include:

Do not include: **If this establishment was inactive and made no outbound shipments during the designated reporting week: skip to the end of the questionnaire and complete the**  **Contact information, and then return the form to the Census Bureau in the envelope provided.** 

## E-4 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire
**Item D(2): Total Number of Outbound Shipments Check the appropriate box in Item D(2) to indicate whether this establishment**  **reported 40 or fewer shipments in Item D(1). If "Yes" is marked, skip to Item F beginning on page 4 and report the information requested for all shipments made**  **during the assigned week. If "No", continue with Item E on page 3 to determine the sample of shipments that**  **this establishment should report in Item F.**

v v v v v v v v v 

# Item E: Sampling Instructions **If you have more than 40 outbound shipments for the one-week reporting period you are asked to report only a sample of them in Item F.**  **Item E provides instructions for selecting shipments for which to report in Item F.**

**(continue with every 5 th**  **shipment) Using the table provided in Item E: Go to the line with the range in column 1 that**  **includes your total number of shipments for the week. In this example, row 4 (101-200), includes 150 so you would follow the instructions in column 2 which**  **reads, “Report every 5th outbound shipment”. You would then report the following 30 shipments in Item F, beginning on Page 4 of the report form:**  **Line 1: your 5 th**  **outbound shipment Line 2: your 10**  **th outbound shipment**  **Line 3: your 15 th**  **outbound shipment Line 30: your 150**  **th outbound shipment**  **When sampling your shipments, please use the files, or combination of files that reflect the full range of your location’s shipping activities in terms of modes of trans**  **portation used, commodities or products shipped, and destinations. We’re here to answer your questions! If you have questions about the sampling**  **process (or any part of the questionnaire) please visit our website at www.census.gov/cfs**  **or call us at 1-800-772-7851, from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm, Eastern time.**  Example **For example, if in Item D(1) you reported 150 outbound shipments for the one-week period:** 

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-5 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire – Continued **Item F: Shipment Characteristics**

Shipment Date, Column (C) – **Enter the month and day of the shipment. If shipment date is not available, use the invoice/shipping document date. Use**  **numbers only.** Shipment ID Number, Column (B) – **Enter the invoice number, shipment number, or some other unique identification number that your establishment could**  **use to find this particular shipping document if questions arise regarding your report.** 
Shipment Value, Column (D) – **Enter the dollar value, in whole dollars, of the entire shipment. The value should not include freight charges or excise taxes (i.e.,**  **report the net selling value, f.o.b. plant). If the value is not readily available from your records, please estimate.**  Net Shipment Weight, Column (E) – **Enter the net weight of the total shipment in whole pounds. If net weight is not readily available from your records, please**  **estimate.** SCTG Commodity Code, Column (F) – **Please use the list of commodity codes provided in the SCTG Commodity Codes booklet to select the proper code. For**  **shipments with more than one commodity, enter only the code for the commodity with the greatest weight. For assistance in locating the appropriate commodity**  **code, refer to the alphabetized listing of selected commodities at the end of the SCTG Commodity Codes booklet. Additional assistance is available at our website**  **at www.census.gov/cfs , or you may call us at 1–800–772–7851 to speak with a**  **Census Bureau representative.** Commodity Description, Column (G) – **Enter a brief description of the commodity shipped. For shipments with more than one commodity, describe only**  **the commodity with the greatest weight. Do not use trade names, catalog numbers, or other codes not familiar to persons outside your business.** 

0 00

1 2 3 4**Line No.** 

### Shipment **date Shipment value**  **(excluding shipping costs)**  **in whole dollars**  **Estimates acceptable.**  **Net Shipment weight**  in pounds **SCTG commodity**  **code from accompanying**  **booklet Commodity description** 
**(A) (C)**  **(B) (D) (E) (F) Month** **Day** 

### Item F SHIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS

**(G)** 

## 4 4 26 26 244,235 1,375 4840 50,125 Mechanical machinery Sulfuric acid **Your Shipment**  **ID Number** 


## 123-5 402H**Continue with column (H) on page 5**  

# v

v

v

v

v

v

➜ ➜ 34520 20222

## E-6 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire – Continued **Item F: Shipment Characteristics – Continued** 

# For Hazardous Materials, Column (H) – **If shipment is a hazardous material, enter the 4-digit United Nations (UN) or North American (NA) number.**  U.S. Destination or U.S. Exit Port, Column (I) – **For domestic shipments, enter the city, state, and 5-digit ZIP Code of the buyer/receiver as it appears on the**  **shipping document. Use the** "ship to" **address. Use the two letter state postal abbreviation shown in part III.**  Important – **For export shipments, report the U.S.** port of exit **as the destination city. The port of exit is the port or airport from**  **which the shipment left the country. In case of land shipments into Mexico or Canada, it is the border crossing.**  Mode(s) of Transport to U.S. Destination, Column (J) – **Enter the code(s) for** all **modes of transport used for the shipment to its U.S. destination (i.e., the destination reported in**  Column (I) **). Codes are located on the bottom of pages 5 and 7 of the questionnaire. Enter in the sequence used, all that apply. See part II**  **for definitions of each mode.** For Customer Pick-up: **Report the mode(s) of transportation used, if known. Otherwise, report mode as "0" (unknown).**  For Export Shipments: **List only the mode(s) of transport used to reach the U.S. port, airport, or border crossing of exit.** 

**Mode(s) of transport to**  **U.S. destination** Enter all that

apply in order used. Use codes at bottom. **(J) (I)**  

## U.S. destination **or U.S. Exit Port (Complete for all shipments.)** 

**City ZIP Code** 

# 2, 4 Los Angeles C A 90040 **State If a**  **hazardous material,**  **enter the "UN" or** 

**"NA" number**  **(H)**


# 4 Newark N J 07105 18 0 3 v

v

v

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-7 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part I — Instructions for Completing Your Questionnaire – Continued **Item F: Shipment Characteristics – Continued**

Export Shipment, Column (L) – **Indicate whether or not the shipment is intended for export outside of the United States, by entering a "Y" or "N" (yes or no). For**  **purposes of this survey, shipments to Puerto Rico and U.S. territories and possessions**  are **considered exports.** Foreign Destination: City and Country, Column (M) – **If the shipment is an export, enter the foreign city and country of destination. For**  U.S. Destination, Column (I), **enter the U.S. port, airport, or border crossing of exit. In** Column (J), **enter the mode of transport used to the U.S. destination.** Export Mode, Column (N) – **If the shipment is an export, enter the code for the mode of transport by which the shipment left the country. Codes are located at the**  **bottom of pages 5 and 7 of the questionnaire.**

**Item G: Monthly Value of Outbound Shipments Please check the box that corresponds to the total value of all outbound**  **shipments from this location for the most recently completed calendar month.** 0 00

1 2 3 4 **(M)** 

## Foreign Destination **(for export shipments only)**

**City Line No.** 


## (O)**Export? (Y/N)** 



## (L)**Export mode**



## (N) **Country** 

## Note: **In column (l) enter the U.S. port, airport, or border crossing of exit.**  

# Intermodal Shipment, Column (K) – **An intermodal shipment is defined as a shipment of a commodity that has been placed within a piece of transportation**  **equipment that is designed to be interchanged (transferred) between different modes of transportation under a single rate (e.g., a single bill of lading). Examples**  **of intermodal transportation include the shipment of commodities in truck trailers designed to be placed on railroad flat cars (TOFC); shipping containers designed to**  **be placed on railroad flat cars (COFC); or shipping containers for marine transportation. Intermodal (IM or ISO) tanks designed for interchange between the**  **truck, rail and marine modes are also examples of intermodal transportation reportable in the CFS.** **Intermodal Shipment?** **(Y/N)***



## (K) 

# v

v

v

v



# Please enter name and telephone number of the person to contact in the event **that we have a question about your report. Contact**  Beijing China 6 Y N Y N

## E-8 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part II — Mode of Transportation Definitions
Parcel delivery/Courier/U.S. Parcel Post – **Includes ground and air shipments of packages and parcels that each weigh less than 100 pounds, and are transported by**  **a for-hire carrier.** Private truck – **Trucks operated by employees of this establishment or the buyer/receiver of the shipment. Includes trucks providing dedicated services to this**  **establishment.** For-hire truck – **Shipments by common or contract carriers made under a negotiated rate.**  Railroad – **Any common carrier or private railroad.** Shallow draft vessel – **Barges, ships, or ferries operating on rivers and canals; in harbors, the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence Seaway, the Intracoastal Waterway, the**  **Inside Passage to Alaska, major bays and inlets, or in the ocean close to the U.S. shoreline.**  Deep draft vessel – **Barges, ships, or ferries operating primarily in the open ocean. (Shipping on the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway is classified with**  **shallow draft vessels.)** Pipeline – **Movements of oil, petroleum, gas, slurry, etc. through pipelines that extend to other establishments or locations beyond the shipper’s establishment.**  **(Aqueducts for the movement of water are not included.)** Air – **Any individual package shipped by air that weighs 100 pounds or more.** Other mode – **Any mode not listed above.** Unknown – **A shipment where you are unable to determine the mode of transportation.**  Note: **Transportation equipment that is "shipped" under its own power, such as boats, barges, ferries, ships, aircraft, trucks, and trains**  should be classified with the appropriate mode above. **Transportation equipment shipped under its own power for which an appropriate mode is not listed (e.g., buses, recreational vehicles)**  **should be listed as** "other" mode.

## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-9 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

# Part III — State Postal Abbreviation List
State **Alabama**

**West Virginia**

NOTICE : **Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 2 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing**  **data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden**  **estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to: Paperwork Project 0607-0932, U.S. Census Bureau, 4700**  **Silver Hill Road, Stop 1500, Washington, DC 20233-1500. You may e-mail comments to Paperwork@census.gov**  **; use "Paperwork Project 0607-0932" as the subject. Respondents are not required to respond to any information collection unless it**  **displays a valid approval number in the top right corner on the front of the questionnaire.**  Abbrev. State Abbrev.

**MO AL**  **Alaska AK Arizona AZ**  **Arkansas AR California CA**  **Colorado CO Connecticut CT**  **Delaware DE Dist. of Col. DC**  **Florida FL Georgia GA**  **Hawaii HI Idaho ID**  **Illinois IL Indiana IN**  **Iowa IA Kansas KS**  **Kentucky KY Louisiana LA**  **Maine ME Maryland MD**  **Massachusetts MA Michigan MI**  **Minnesota MN Mississippi MS**  **Missouri Montana MT**  **Nebraska NE Nevada NV**  **New Hampshire NH New Jersey NJ**  **NM New York NY**  **North Carolina NC North Dakota ND**  **Ohio OH Oklahoma OK**  **Oregon OR Pennsylvania PA**  **Rhode Island South Carolina SC**  **South Dakota SD Tennessee TN**  **Texas VT**  **Virginia VA Washington WA**  **New Mexico**

**TX Utah UT**  **Vermont**
**WV Wisconsin WI**  **Wyoming WY RI** 

## E-10 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200017



# §(5!2¤ Please make corrections to name, address, and ZIP code if necessary.



# ESTABLISHMENT NAME Item A

PHYSICAL LOCATION Item B DUE DATE:

PURPOSE OF THIS SURVEY: To develop information on the characteristics of freight flows in the United States. The information you provide is critical to understanding transportation markets, investment needs and the economic, energy, safety, and security consequences of transportation.

# Please refer to the accompanying Instruction Guide for help in answering specific questions.

More information is available at www.census.gov/cfs or at 1-800-772-7851. INSTRUCTIONS: 

# 2007 Commodity Flow Survey CFS(07)-2000 FORM U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU 

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## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-11 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200025



# §(5!:¤ ;
 

# OPERATING STATUS

Item C

TOTAL NUMBER OF OUTBOUND SHIPMENTS Item D Which of the following best describes this establishment’s operating status during the week of



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## 9
 Continue with Item E, on page 3. 

## E-12 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200033



# §(5!B¤ SAMPLING INSTRUCTIONS Item E

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## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-13 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

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  1  3 !  ' " 123-5 402H 4 26 4 26 224,235 4840 34520 Mechanical machinery 1,375 50,125 20222 Sulfuric acid 1830 NOTE: Each line runs across pages 4 and 5. After entering column H data on page 4 for any line, continue with column (I) on page 5 for the same line.Continue withcolumn (I) on page 5



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## E-14 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200058



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## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-15 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200066



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## E-16 United States Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200074



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## Transportation—Commodity Flow Survey United States E-17 Bureau of Transportation Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 Economic Census 

## 07200082



# §(5!s¤ MONTHLY VALUE OF OUTBOUND SHIPMENTS Item G Which of the following represents your best estimate of the total value of all outbound shipments originating from this establishment for the most recently completed month? 
	
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# THANK YOU FOR COMPLETING THIS REPORT. Please return this survey in the enclosed envelope or send it to: U.S. CENSUS BUREAU 1201 East 10th Street Jeffersonville IN 47132-0001 ;
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# THIRD-PARTY LOGISTICS

Item H

Does this establishment contract out all or a portion of its logistics activities to a 3PL(s)? 8 1 

## 9
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# Which of the following services does the 3PL(s) provide, manage and arrange for this establishment? Mark (X) all that apply. 

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# Contact Please provide the information below for the contact person regarding this report. 9
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