Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released May 11, 2011, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Down 4 Percent from 2010

Orange Production Down 1 Percent from April

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.42 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2010. Expected area for harvest as grain 

or seed totals 32.0 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is 

forecast at 44.5 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from last year.

Hard Red Winter, at 762 million bushels, is down 25 percent from 2010. Soft Red Winter, at 427 million bushels, is up 

80 percent from last year. White Winter is up 3 percent from last year and totals 235 million bushels. Of this total, 

11.7 million bushels are Hard White and 224 million bushels are Soft White.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 8.82 million tons, down 1 percent from the April 1 

forecast but 7 percent above the 2009-2010 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 140 million boxes

(6.30 million tons), is down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but 5 percent above last season’s final utilization. Early, 

midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), unchanged from April but 

2 percent higher than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), is down 

3 percent from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. In Florida, fruit size is projected to be 

below average while droppage is projected to be above average. The monthly row count survey indicated that harvest of 

early, midseason, and navel oranges is complete, while approximately 50 percent of the Valencia crop is harvested. 

California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from April.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 1.58 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up 1 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.56 gallons per 

box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.52 gallons per box, up 1 percent from last season’s yield of 1.51 gallons per 

box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.66 gallons per box, 2 percent higher than last year’s final yield of 1.63 gallons 

per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several 

seasons.
2 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on May 11, 2011.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Kathleen A. Merrigan

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (May 2011) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and 

Forecasted May 1, 2011.......................................................................................................................................................... 5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and 

Forecasted May 1, 2011.......................................................................................................................................................... 6

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2009-2011 ........................................................................................................ 6

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2008-2011......................................................... 7

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2009-2010 and Forecasted 

May 1, 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and 

Forecasted May 1, 2011........................................................................................................................................................ 10

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – Hawaii: 2009 and 2010 ........................... 10

Peach Production by Crop – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011............................................................. 10

Almonds Utilized Production – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 ........................................................ 10

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ............................................. 11

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2009 and 2010.................................................................................. 11

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010............... 12

Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ................................................... 13

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010........................................ 14

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ................................................. 15

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 .................................................. 16

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2006-2010................................................................................................ 16

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2006-2010 ............................................................................................ 17

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) ......................................................... 18

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units).................................................................... 19

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units).............................................................. 20

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 21

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units).................................................................... 22

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 23
4 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Percent of Normal Precipitation............................................................................................................................................24

Departure from Normal Temperature....................................................................................................................................24

April Weather Summary .......................................................................................................................................................25

April Agricultural Summary .................................................................................................................................................25

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................27

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................31

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................33
Crop Production (May 2011) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and 

Forecasted May 1, 2011

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ..........................

California ..........................

Colorado ...........................

Georgia ............................

Idaho ................................

Illinois ...............................

Indiana .............................

Kansas .............................

Kentucky ...........................

Maryland ...........................

Michigan ...........................

Mississippi ........................

Missouri ............................

Montana ...........................

Nebraska ..........................

New York ..........................

North Carolina ..................

North Dakota ....................

Ohio ..................................

Oklahoma .........................

Oregon .............................

Pennsylvania ....................

South Carolina ..................

South Dakota ....................

Tennessee ........................

Texas ...............................

Virginia .............................

Washington ......................

Wisconsin .........................

Other States 1...................

United States ....................

150

360

2,350

125

710

295

230

8,000

250

135

510

100

280

1,950

1,490

100

380

320

750

3,900

810

150

130

1,300

180

3,750

160

1,710

230

944

31,749

450

460

2,150

180

790

730

390

7,700

410

220

680

300

720

2,150

1,350

105

630

310

860

3,400

810

160

190

1,550

260

1,800

260

1,770

305

949

32,039

54.0

80.0

45.0

40.0

82.0

56.0

60.0

45.0

66.0

60.0

70.0

47.0

45.0

48.0

43.0

67.0

37.0

55.0

61.0

31.0

67.0

59.0

36.0

49.0

53.0

34.0

51.0

69.0

64.0

41.7

46.8

52.0

85.0

30.0

49.0

79.0

61.0

64.0

34.0

66.0

67.0

73.0

53.0

52.0

44.0

42.0

64.0

57.0

54.0

69.0

22.0

69.0

59.0

47.0

46.0

57.0

26.0

66.0

65.0

67.0

47.9

44.5

17,160

26,400

98,000

10,500

56,700

45,920

30,150

369,600

22,230

11,700

39,330

8,250

34,310

89,540

76,800

6,825

29,400

26,160

70,560

77,000

42,000

9,800

7,050

64,260

17,340

61,250

12,180

96,760

21,420

46,013

1,524,608

8,100

28,800

105,750

5,000

58,220

16,520

13,800

360,000

16,500

8,100

35,700

4,700

12,600

93,600

64,070

6,700

14,060

17,600

45,750

120,900

54,270

8,850

4,680

63,700

9,540

127,500

8,160

117,990

14,720

39,356

1,485,236

23,400

39,100

64,500

8,820

62,410

44,530

24,960

261,800

27,060

14,740

49,640

15,900

37,440

94,600

56,700

6,720

35,910

16,740

59,340

74,800

55,890

9,440

8,930

71,300

14,820

46,800

17,160

115,050

20,435

45,422

1,424,357

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2011 Summary report.
6 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and 

Forecasted May 1, 2011

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage

released June 2011. Yield and production will be published in Crop Production released July 2011]

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ...........................

California ........................

Montana ..........................

North Dakota ...................

Other States 1.................

United States ..................

79

105

530

1,780

35

2,529

69

145

115.0

110.0

34.0

37.5

50.7

42.4

105.0

110.0

12,400

17,000

16,585

61,230

1,827

109,042

9,085

11,550

18,020

66,750

1,775

107,180

7,245

15,950

1 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2011 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2009-2011

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicate 

estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop 2009 2010 2011

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ...............................

Soft red ................................

Hard white ............................

Soft white .............................

Spring

Hard red ...............................

Hard white ............................

Soft white .............................

Durum ..................................

Total ....................................

919,939

403,984

18,248

182,437

547,933

7,865

28,613

109,042

2,218,061

1,018,337

237,804

13,496

215,599

569,975

9,256

36,744

107,180

2,208,391

761,954

427,123

11,675

223,605
Crop Production (May 2011) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2008-2011

State

December 1 May 1

2008 2009 2010 2009 2010 2011

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama .........................

Arizona ...........................

Arkansas ........................

California ........................

Colorado .........................

Connecticut ....................

Delaware ........................

Florida ............................

Georgia ..........................

Idaho ..............................

Illinois .............................

Indiana ...........................

Iowa ................................

Kansas ...........................

Kentucky .........................

Louisiana ........................

Maine .............................

Maryland .........................

Massachusetts ................

Michigan .........................

Minnesota .......................

Mississippi ......................

Missouri ..........................

Montana .........................

Nebraska ........................

Nevada ...........................

New Hampshire ..............

New Jersey .....................

New Mexico ....................

New York ........................

North Carolina ................

North Dakota ..................

Ohio ................................

Oklahoma .......................

Oregon ...........................

Pennsylvania ..................

Rhode Island ..................

South Carolina ................

South Dakota ..................

Tennessee ......................

Texas .............................

Utah ................................

Vermont ..........................

Virginia ...........................

Washington ....................

West Virginia ..................

Wisconsin .......................

Wyoming ........................

United States ..................

1,540

475

3,020

2,380

1,975

65

20

587

1,319

2,012

1,386

1,191

3,918

5,700

4,169

921

145

431

77

1,998

3,891

1,365

7,744

3,831

4,115

1,000

70

94

600

1,453

962

4,032

1,992

4,595

1,561

2,500

10

451

7,660

3,038

8,483

1,300

175

2,174

1,182

916

3,603

1,532

103,658

1,700

500

2,900

2,400

2,500

71

29

535

1,374

2,750

1,400

1,360

3,100

5,400

4,905

710

134

350

75

1,451

3,570

1,058

8,280

4,100

4,490

1,012

45

102

570

1,582

1,523

5,500

2,013

4,435

2,200

2,400

8

590

8,290

3,219

7,700

1,330

204

1,940

1,418

938

3,021

2,040

107,222

1,200

365

2,050

1,850

2,000

45

19

477

1,360

2,300

1,310

1,200

3,050

4,500

4,392

700

120

310

63

2,000

3,700

1,175

6,500

5,500

4,700

819

40

110

520

1,744

1,157

5,370

1,790

4,550

2,100

1,950

8

490

7,850

2,985

9,500

1,050

180

1,660

1,607

790

3,278

1,700

102,134

375

50

570

470

400

9

4

58

238

450

300

185

750

1,350

465

60

18

111

12

450

790

214

2,050

590

935

170

8

26

105

420

311

700

325

1,000

270

700

1

115

1,900

552

2,100

285

37

450

350

156

950

230

22,065

192

60

340

432

650

14

4

40

210

775

310

198

420

1,200

1,006

60

34

60

9

330

630

90

1,250

720

1,000

310

7

46

125

400

296

1,310

350

650

420

680

2

130

2,190

678

1,100

245

50

350

280

125

753

400

20,931

187

40

380

160

450

12

3

45

188

280

320

225

610

1,000

799

110

23

65

10

420

810

137

1,325

1,300

1,335

46

6

17

100

273

253

1,250

390

1,200

280

340

1

110

1,850

746

2,500

144

48

402

350

190

1,122

365

22,217
8 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

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Crop Production (May 2011) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2009-2010 and

Forecasted May 1, 2011

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2009-2010 2010-2011 2009-2010 2010-2011

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and navel 2

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Valencia

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ..............................................

Colored

 Florida ..............................................

All

 California 3........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3.............................................

 United States ....................................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 3 4.............................................

California 3 4..........................................

Florida ..................................................

United States ........................................

Lemons 3

Arizona .................................................

California ..............................................

United States ........................................

Tangelos

Florida ..................................................

42,500

68,600

1,360

112,460

15,000

65,100

275

80,375

57,500

133,700

1,635

192,835

6,000

14,300

4,500

20,300

5,600

30,400

350

9,900

4,450

14,700

2,200

21,000

23,200

900

48,000

70,000

1,480

119,480

13,000

70,000

285

83,285

61,000

140,000

1,765

202,765

5,600

14,000

3,500

19,600

5,900

29,000

300

9,600

4,600

14,500

2,500

21,000

23,500

1,150

1,594

3,087

58

4,739

563

2,930

12

3,505

2,157

6,017

70

8,244

255

608

151

863

224

1,238

13

371

211

595

84

798

882

41

1,920

3,150

63

5,133

520

3,150

12

3,682

2,440

6,300

75

8,815

238

595

140

833

236

1,209

12

384

219

615

100

840

940

52

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80 (67 prior to the 

2010-2011 crop year), Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80 (76 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and 

California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-95.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines 

in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.

4

Includes tangelos and tangors.
10 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and 

Forecasted May 1, 2011

State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arizona ...................

California ................

Florida .....................

 Hastings area ......

 Other areas .........

North Carolina .........

Texas ......................

United States ..........

3.7

27.1

33.2

21.5

11.7

16.0

8.8

88.8

3.8

29.0

35.4

22.4

13.0

17.0

7.9

93.1

3.7

27.0

31.8

20.3

11.5

15.0

8.4

85.9

3.8

29.0

33.7

21.2

12.5

16.5

7.5

90.5

280

405

250

250

250

195

235

289

290

370

256

265

240

210

230

283

1,036

10,935

7,950

5,075

2,875

2,925

1,974

24,820

1,102

10,730

8,618

5,618

3,000

3,465

1,725

25,640

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – Hawaii: 2009 and 2010

Crop

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(acres) (acres) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Bananas 1......................

Guavas 1........................

Papayas 1......................

Taro 2.............................

1,100

135

1,325

445

1,100

115

1,350

475

16.8

15.6

23.8

(NA)

16.2

11.3

22.3

(NA)

18,500

2,100

31,500

4,000

17,800

1,300

30,100

3,900

(NA) Not available.

1 Only utilized production is estimated.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

Peach Production by Crop – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011

State

Total production

2009 2010 2011

(tons) (tons) (tons)

Freestone .......................................

Clingstone 1.....................................

Total ...............................................

350,000

469,000

819,000

385,000

432,000

817,000

385,000

430,000

815,000

1 California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.

Almonds Utilized Production – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011

State

Utilized production (shelled basis)

2009 2010 2011

(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

California ........................................ 1,410,000 1,650,000 1,750,000
Crop Production (May 2011) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Connecticut .........................................

Georgia ...............................................

Kentucky ..............................................

Massachusetts .....................................

North Carolina .....................................

Ohio .....................................................

Pennsylvania .......................................

South Carolina .....................................

Tennessee ...........................................

Virginia ................................................

United States .......................................

1,900

13,800

88,700

390

177,400

3,400

8,200

18,500

21,600

20,150

354,040

2,600

11,400

85,200

950

168,300

2,500

8,500

16,000

22,300

19,750

337,500

1,277

2,030

2,333

1,500

2,389

2,000

2,276

2,100

2,313

2,309

2,323

1,665

2,400

2,133

1,768

2,095

2,050

2,349

2,250

2,051

2,243

2,130

2,426

28,014

206,900

585

423,856

6,800

18,660

38,850

49,960

46,530

822,581

4,329

27,360

181,760

1,680

352,625

5,125

19,965

36,000

45,740

44,299

718,883

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

State

Price per pound Value of production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Connecticut ...........................................................

Georgia .................................................................

Kentucky ................................................................

Massachusetts .......................................................

North Carolina .......................................................

Ohio .......................................................................

Pennsylvania .........................................................

South Carolina .......................................................

Tennessee .............................................................

Virginia ..................................................................

United States 1.......................................................

(D)

1.700

1.852

(D)

1.759

1.650

1.674

1.760

2.096

1.744

1.837

(D)

1.730

1.677

(D)

1.671

1.630

1.675

1.760

2.085

1.772

1.747

(D)

47,624

383,208

(D)

745,736

11,220

31,239

68,376

104,735

81,150

1,511,196

(D)

47,333

309,468

(D)

589,085

8,354

33,445

63,360

94,140

78,479

1,253,884

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

1 Excludes estimated 2010 Connecticut Valley Shade-grown value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts.
12 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 

2009 and 2010

Class, type, and State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 

pounds)

(1,000 

pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ..................................................................................

North Carolina ........................................................................

South Carolina .......................................................................

Virginia ...................................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ................................................................................

Tennessee .............................................................................

Virginia ...................................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ............................................................................

 North Carolina ....................................................................

 Ohio ...................................................................................

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

 Tennessee .........................................................................

 Virginia ...............................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) .................................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) .........................................

Kentucky ................................................................................

Tennessee .............................................................................

United States .........................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

 Pennsylvania ......................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ........................................................................

 Massachusetts ...................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ........................................................................

 Massachusetts ...................................................................

 United States .....................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) ......................................................

All tobacco

United States .........................................................................

13,800

174,000

18,500

17,500

223,800

9,100

6,400

650

16,150

75,000

3,400

3,400

4,100

14,000

2,000

101,900

2,100

104,000

4,600

1,200

5,800

2,000

1,100

300

1,400

800

90

890

4,290

354,040

11,400

166,000

16,000

17,500

210,900

8,800

6,200

650

15,650

72,000

2,300

2,500

4,200

15,000

1,600

97,600

2,200

99,800

4,400

1,100

5,500

2,100

1,950

850

2,800

650

100

750

5,650

337,500

2,030

2,400

2,100

2,340

2,348

3,500

3,100

2,000

3,281

2,150

1,840

2,000

2,300

1,920

2,140

2,109

2,300

2,113

3,000

2,700

2,938

2,200

1,260

1,620

1,337

1,300

1,100

1,280

1,728

2,323

2,400

2,100

2,250

2,280

2,143

3,300

2,900

2,090

3,091

1,950

1,750

2,050

2,400

1,660

1,900

1,922

2,250

1,929

2,800

2,600

2,760

2,350

1,720

1,800

1,744

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,937

2,130

28,014

417,600

38,850

40,950

525,414

31,850

19,840

1,300

52,990

161,250

6,256

6,800

9,430

26,880

4,280

214,896

4,830

219,726

13,800

3,240

17,040

4,400

1,386

486

1,872

1,040

99

1,139

7,411

822,581

27,360

348,600

36,000

39,900

451,860

29,040

17,980

1,359

48,379

140,400

4,025

5,125

10,080

24,900

3,040

187,570

4,950

192,520

12,320

2,860

15,180

4,935

3,354

1,530

4,884

975

150

1,125

10,944

718,883
Crop Production (May 2011) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

Class, type, and State

Price per pound Value of production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ....................................................................................

North Carolina ..........................................................................

South Carolina ..........................................................................

Virginia .....................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky ...................................................................................

Tennessee ................................................................................

Virginia .....................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky ...............................................................................

 North Carolina ......................................................................

 Ohio ......................................................................................

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

 Tennessee ............................................................................

 Virginia .................................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) ....................................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky ...................................................................................

Tennessee ................................................................................

United States ............................................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

 Pennsylvania ........................................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut ...........................................................................

 Massachusetts ......................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut ...........................................................................

 Massachusetts ......................................................................

 United States ........................................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) .........................................................

All tobacco 1

United States ............................................................................

1.700

1.760

1.760

1.730

1.754

2.450

2.520

2.100

2.468

1.700

1.720

1.650

1.700

1.770

1.770

1.709

1.600

1.707

2.250

2.210

2.242

1.700

5.000

5.150

5.039

(D)

(D)

25.000

6.124

1.837

1.730

1.670

1.760

1.770

1.690

2.450

2.530

2.000

2.467

1.500

1.720

1.630

1.700

1.700

1.690

1.549

1.550

1.549

2.250

2.210

2.242

1.750

6.250

6.050

6.188

(D)

(D)

(NA)

(NA)

1.747

47,624

734,976

68,376

70,844

921,820

78,033

49,997

2,730

130,760

274,125

10,760

11,220

16,031

47,578

7,576

367,290

7,728

375,018

31,050

7,160

38,210

7,480

6,930

2,503

9,433

(D)

(D)

28,475

45,388

1,511,196

47,333

582,162

63,360

70,623

763,478

71,148

45,489

2,718

119,355

210,600

6,923

8,354

17,136

42,330

5,138

290,481

7,673

298,154

27,720

6,321

34,041

8,636

20,963

9,257

30,220

(D)

(D)

(NA)

(NA)

1,253,884

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

(NA) Not available.

1

The 2010 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown.
14 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

Type and State

Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas ..................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas .............................

California ............................

Florida .................................

Georgia ...............................

Kansas ................................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina .....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas ..................................

Virginia ................................

United States ......................

255.0

145.0

520.0

71.0

82.0

1,000.0

38.0

230.0

305.0

272.0

31.1

375.0

205.0

115.0

300.0

5,000.0

64.0

9,008.1

1.6

119.0

2.8

18.0

141.4

255.0

146.6

520.0

190.0

82.0

1,000.0

38.0

230.0

305.0

272.0

33.9

375.0

205.0

115.0

300.0

5,018.0

64.0

9,149.5

340.0

195.0

545.0

124.0

92.0

1,330.0

51.0

255.0

420.0

310.0

48.0

550.0

285.0

202.0

390.0

5,550.0

83.0

10,770.0

2.5

182.0

2.7

17.0

204.2

340.0

197.5

545.0

306.0

92.0

1,330.0

51.0

255.0

420.0

310.0

50.7

550.0

285.0

202.0

390.0

5,567.0

83.0

10,974.2

248.0

144.0

500.0

70.0

78.0

990.0

34.0

225.0

290.0

260.0

29.5

370.0

195.0

114.0

280.0

3,500.0

63.0

7,390.5

1.6

116.0

2.8

17.8

138.2

248.0

145.6

500.0

186.0

78.0

990.0

34.0

225.0

290.0

260.0

32.3

370.0

195.0

114.0

280.0

3,517.8

63.0

7,528.7

338.0

193.0

540.0

123.0

89.0

1,315.0

50.0

249.0

410.0

308.0

47.0

545.0

270.0

201.0

387.0

5,350.0

82.0

10,497.0

2.5

180.0

2.7

16.5

201.7

338.0

195.5

540.0

303.0

89.0

1,315.0

50.0

249.0

410.0

308.0

49.7

545.0

270.0

201.0

387.0

5,366.5

82.0

10,698.7

668

1,477

818

1,646

723

902

748

745

687

927

1,172

990

785

872

843

634

1,052

766

1,170

1,494

686

836

1,389

668

1,473

818

1,551

723

902

748

745

687

927

1,129

990

785

872

843

635

1,052

777

682

1,517

1,045

1,483

766

821

787

842

993

1,068

1,174

838

750

898

845

703

732

805

845

1,237

836

902

1,200

682

1,509

1,045

1,337

766

821

787

842

993

1,068

1,156

838

750

898

845

704

732

812
Crop Production (May 2011) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

Type and State

Production in

480-pound net weight

bales 1

Lint seed

ratio 2

Bales ginned in

480-pound net weight

bales 3

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 bales) (1,000 bales) (ratio) (ratio) (bales) (bales)

Upland

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

American Pima

Arizona ...............................

California ............................

New Mexico ........................

Texas .................................

United States ......................

All

Alabama .............................

Arizona ...............................

Arkansas ............................

California ............................

Florida ................................

Georgia ..............................

Kansas ...............................

Louisiana ............................

Mississippi ..........................

Missouri ..............................

New Mexico ........................

North Carolina ....................

Oklahoma ...........................

South Carolina ....................

Tennessee ..........................

Texas .................................

Virginia ...............................

United States ......................

345.0

443.0

852.0

240.0

117.5

1,860.0

53.0

349.0

415.0

502.0

72.0

763.0

319.0

207.0

492.0

4,620.0

138.1

11,787.6

3.9

361.0

4.0

31.0

399.9

345.0

446.9

852.0

601.0

117.5

1,860.0

53.0

349.0

415.0

502.0

76.0

763.0

319.0

207.0

492.0

4,651.0

138.1

12,187.5

480.0

610.0

1,176.0

380.0

142.0

2,250.0

82.0

437.0

848.0

685.0

115.0

951.0

422.0

376.0

681.0

7,840.0

125.0

17,600.0

4.4

464.0

4.7

31.0

504.1

480.0

614.4

1,176.0

844.0

142.0

2,250.0

82.0

437.0

848.0

685.0

119.7

951.0

422.0

376.0

681.0

7,871.0

125.0

18,104.1

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

(NA)

0.444

(NA)

0.431

0.416

(NA)

(NA)

0.434

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.412

(NA)

(NA)

0.440

(NA)

0.433

0.418

(NA)

(NA)

0.437

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

0.410

(NA)

(NA)

340,400

433,850

819,150

248,900

93,000

1,882,200

44,250

348,850

406,100

534,850

30,200

779,250

316,300

201,050

497,650

4,671,650

123,900

11,771,550

4,050

359,750

5,200

30,050

399,050

340,400

437,900

819,150

608,650

93,000

1,882,200

44,250

348,850

406,100

534,850

35,400

779,250

316,300

201,050

497,650

4,701,700

123,900

12,170,600

473,950

577,200

1,128,250

411,050

120,950

2,279,450

83,550

446,650

832,800

727,050

44,250

971,650

406,400

367,400

681,250

7,920,200

110,550

17,582,600

4,350

463,650

5,850

29,450

503,300

473,950

581,550

1,128,250

874,700

120,950

2,279,450

83,550

446,650

832,800

727,050

50,100

971,650

406,400

367,400

681,250

7,949,650

110,550

18,085,900

(NA) Not available.

1 Production ginned and to be ginned.

2 Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average.

3 Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement.
16 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

State

Production

Farm disposition

Seed for

planting Sales to 2

oil mills Other 1

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama ......................

Arizona ........................

Arkansas ......................

California .....................

Florida ..........................

Georgia ........................

Kansas .........................

Louisiana .....................

Mississippi ...................

Missouri .......................

New Mexico .................

North Carolina ..............

Oklahoma ....................

South Carolina .............

Tennessee ...................

Texas ...........................

Virginia .........................

United States ...............

114.0

161.4

294.0

275.0

34.5

539.1

19.0

108.0

134.0

192.5

25.4

244.6

108.4

64.3

157.9

1,634.0

42.7

4,148.8

149.0

219.5

404.0

330.0

40.0

704.0

30.0

138.0

291.0

237.0

41.6

287.0

146.0

123.0

235.0

2,685.0

38.0

6,098.1

11.0

-

253.0

-

29.0

332.6

-

75.0

118.5

127.0

-

41.1

96.8

40.6

140.5

1,012.8

-

2,277.9

15.0

-

331.0

75.0

32.0

379.0

-

94.0

226.0

155.0

-

49.0

122.0

75.0

227.0

1,474.0

-

3,254.0

103.0

161.4

41.0

275.0

5.5

206.5

19.0

33.0

15.5

65.5

25.4

203.5

11.6

23.7

17.4

621.2

42.7

1,870.9

134.0

219.5

73.0

255.0

8.0

325.0

30.0

44.0

65.0

82.0

41.6

238.0

24.0

48.0

8.0

1,211.0

38.0

2,844.1

1.7

1.5

3.5

2.7

0.5

6.7

0.3

2.3

2.7

1.9

0.4

3.9

1.6

0.8

2.6

36.2

0.7

70.0

2.1

1.8

4.0

3.4

0.5

7.3

0.3

2.6

3.4

2.2

0.5

5.3

1.8

1.0

3.1

39.8

1.1

80.2

- Represents zero.

1

Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses.

2

Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year.

Cotton Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2010. 

Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2006-2010

State 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds)

Arkansas ..............................

Georgia ................................

Louisiana .............................

Mississippi ...........................

North Carolina ......................

Texas ...................................

93

183

127

68

184

56

146

185

136

103

134

52

144

146

147

118

195

65

198

186

135

116

150

37

99

139

118

107

188

63
Crop Production (May 2011) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2006-2010

[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs 

per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls]

State and month 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Arkansas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Georgia

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Louisiana

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Mississippi

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

North Carolina

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

Texas

September .......................................

October ...........................................

November ........................................

December ........................................

Final ................................................

859

814

849

824

824

648

675

774

790

789

760

781

786

785

785

700

699

695

695

695

637

641

671

671

671

530

477

533

544

551

790

839

849

849

849

616

570

707

708

708

796

808

841

841

841

819

745

747

747

747

527

601

625

625

625

602

538

631

632

632

943

810

852

846

846

587

613

733

742

742

655

578

579

579

579

909

679

728

722

722

667

652

702

704

704

633

513

579

573

570

1,051

814

803

794

794

571

731

712

737

740

714

792

756

788

788

925

833

717

722

722

701

730

779

777

777

613

522

502

502

502

911

893

897

894

894

609

606

686

683

683

699

755

789

781

781

864

773

776

776

776

681

675

689

689

689

658

534

589

589

589
18 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

2,872

88,192

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

3,138

390

3,636

1,211

5,404

(NA)

53,603

37,335

2,570

13,698

1,448.8

(X)

421

50.5

1,288.0

2.3

175.0

77,404

1,951.5

10,974.2

10,770.0

204.2

1,171.4

(NA)

(NA)

31.2

1,911.4

756.0

658.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,021.5

88.8

39.0

893.7

(NA)

119.8

(NA)

2,952

92,178

(NA)

2,839

3,018

5,645

58,021

41,229

2,365

14,427

1,611.8

(X)

420

1,237.0

76,609

1,805.0

12,565.5

12,313.0

252.5

1,187.1

(NA)

20.0

1,303.5

586.0

710.0

93.1

126.7

2,465

81,446

5,567

59,862

19,956

39,906

1,263

363

3,615

265

4,808

273

47,637

31,749

2,529

13,359

1,431.0

(X)

418

48.1

1,255.0

2.2

167.7

76,616

1,873.8

10,698.7

10,497.0

201.7

1,155.7

883.2

337.5

17.9

1,842.7

711.4

634.0

(NA)

6.3

31.3

71.3

1,004.7

85.9

37.5

881.3

18.6

116.9

0.5

58,973

32,039

336.5

90.5

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.
Crop Production (May 2011) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 1........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1............................................................................... bales

 Upland 1................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 1................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 1.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 1....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 1......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 1........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

73.1

152.8

19.3

2.43

3.40

1.95

64.3

31.8

6,725

28.0

71.8

12.5

46.4

46.8

42.4

46.1

1,713

(X)

21.7

870

3,311

1,891

1,320

43.5

1,460

812

805

1,200

27.6

31.8

2,130

1,666

1,726

1,999

1,365

(NA)

1,250

2,093

89

395

289

310

409

125

204

(NA)

44.5

283

180,268

12,446,865

107,314

145,556

67,903

77,653

81,190

11,535

243,104

7,431

345,395

3,420

2,208,391

1,485,236

107,180

615,975

2,450,947

6,098.1

9,056

41,861

4,155,600

4,160

221,335

3,329,341

2,735,570

18,104.1

17,600.0

504.1

31,945

28,111

718,883

237

31,801

14,221

8,657

580

7,900

65,492.6

6,363

397,189

24,820

11,642

360,727

2,318

23,845

3,900

1,424,357

25,640

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Yield in pounds.
20 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2010 2011 2010 2011

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,162,270

35,690,420

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,269,920

157,830

1,471,450

490,080

2,186,940

(NA)

21,692,600

15,109,100

1,040,050

5,543,440

586,310

(X)

170,370

20,440

521,240

930

70,820

31,324,620

789,750

4,441,150

4,358,510

82,640

474,050

(NA)

(NA)

12,630

773,520

305,950

266,290

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

413,390

35,940

15,780

361,670

(NA)

48,480

(NA)

1,194,640

37,303,510

(NA)

1,148,910

1,221,350

2,284,480

23,480,520

16,684,960

957,090

5,838,460

652,280

(X)

169,970

500,600

31,002,900

730,470

5,085,130

4,982,950

102,180

480,410

(NA)

8,090

527,510

237,150

287,330

37,680

51,270

997,560

32,960,380

2,252,910

24,225,550

8,075,990

16,149,560

511,120

146,900

1,462,950

107,240

1,945,750

110,480

19,278,220

12,848,500

1,023,460

5,406,250

579,110

(X)

169,160

19,470

507,890

890

67,870

31,005,730

758,310

4,329,660

4,248,030

81,630

467,700

357,420

136,580

7,240

745,720

287,900

256,570

(NA)

2,550

12,660

28,850

406,590

34,760

15,180

356,650

7,530

47,310

190

23,865,780

12,965,860

136,180

36,620

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
Crop Production (May 2011) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield per hectare Production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 1.............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 1.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 1.....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.93

9.59

43.21

5.45

7.63

4.36

2.31

1.78

7.54

1.76

4.51

28.08

3.12

3.15

2.85

3.10

1.92

(X)

1.36

0.98

3.71

2.12

1.48

2.92

1.64

0.91

0.90

1.34

61.96

71.35

2.39

1.48

1.93

2.24

1.53

(NA)

1.41

2.35

0.10

44.31

32.39

34.80

45.88

0.14

22.86

(NA)

2.99

31.76

3,924,870

316,164,930

97,353,620

132,046,180

61,600,570

70,445,620

1,178,470

261,610

11,027,010

188,760

8,773,440

3,102,570

60,102,550

40,421,500

2,916,960

16,764,090

1,111,730

5,532,100

230,030

18,990

1,884,950

1,890

100,400

90,609,810

1,240,830

3,941,700

3,831,950

109,750

28,980,020

25,501,870

326,080

10,750

1,442,470

645,050

392,670

26,310

3,580

29,710

2,890

18,016,190

1,125,820

528,070

16,362,300

1,050

1,081,590

1,770

38,764,640

1,163,010

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Production may not add due to rounding.
22 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2010 2011

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ...........................................................tons

Lemons ..............................................................tons

Oranges .............................................................tons

Tangelos (Florida) ..............................................tons

Tangerines and mandarins .................................tons

Noncitrus

Apples ................................................ 1,000 pounds

Apricots ..............................................................tons

Bananas (Hawaii) ..........................................pounds

Grapes ...............................................................tons

Olives (California) ..............................................tons

Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................................pounds

Peaches .............................................................tons

Pears .................................................................tons

Prunes, dried (California) ...................................tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) .............tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ........................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ...............................tons

Pecans, in-shell .............................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ..............................tons

Maple syrup .................................................. gallons

1,238

882

8,244

41

595

9,286.6

65.5

17,800

6,856.8

190.0

30,100

1,151.3

807.6

125.0

12.3

1,650,000

27

259,660

510

1,955

1,209

940

8,815

52

615

1,750,000

1Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.
Crop Production (May 2011) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2010 2011

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit .................................................................

Lemons ....................................................................

Oranges ....................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) ....................................................

Tangerines and mandarins .......................................

Noncitrus

Apples ......................................................................

Apricots ....................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) .....................................................

Grapes .....................................................................

Olives (California) .....................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) .....................................................

Peaches ...................................................................

Pears ........................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ..........................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ....................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ....................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .....................................

Pecans, in-shell ........................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .....................................

Maple syrup ..............................................................

1,123,090

800,140

7,478,830

37,190

539,770

4,212,330

59,400

8,070

6,220,360

172,370

13,650

1,044,440

732,640

113,400

11,160

748,430

24,490

117,780

462,660

9,770

1,096,790

852,750

7,996,830

47,170

557,920

793,790

1Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.
24 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (May 2011) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Weather Summary

During April, severe flooding developed from the Mid-South into the Ohio Valley. At the same time, a snowmelt-induced 

flood crest moved along the upper and middle Mississippi River. By month’s end, floodwaters converged on the 

confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, eclipsing the region’s high-water marks established in February 1937. 

Monthly rainfall totals of 1 to 2 feet were common in the flood-affected areas. A pair of historic tornado outbreaks 

accompanied the storminess, battering the South from April 14-16 and 25-28.

Meanwhile in the northern Corn Belt, cool, damp weather and soils hindered the start of the spring planting season. Due to 

the Midwestern fieldwork delays, only 13 percent of the United States acreage intended for corn was planted by 

May 1 - the Nation’s slowest start since 1995 (11 percent planted).

Cool, damp conditions also prevailed across the northern Plains and the Northwest, slowing winter wheat development 

and hampering spring planting operations. Cool conditions were also noted as far south as California.

In contrast, heat and drought continued to severely stress pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops on the 

southern Plains. By May 1, approximately three-quarters of the winter wheat crop was rated in very poor to poor condition 

in Oklahoma (77 percent) and Texas (74 percent), along with nearly half of the crop in Colorado (46 percent) and Kansas 

(45 percent).

April Agricultural Summary

While unusually warm, dry weather dominated much of the southern United States and caused a decline in winter wheat 

conditions during the month, cool, wet conditions in the Pacific Northwest, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and 

much of the Corn Belt limited or prevented fieldwork. Most notably, average temperatures in areas of Texas reached as 

many as 8 degrees above normal, with daily recordings in southern portions of the State pushing the mercury above the 

century mark before month’s end. Several storm systems during April combined to dump more than 10 inches of rain on 

an area centered over the southern Corn Belt, northern Delta, and Ohio and Tennessee Valleys.

Nationally, corn producers had planted 3 percent of this year’s crop by April 10, on par with both last year and the 

5-year average. Planting had just begun in Illinois, Indiana, and Nebraska, three of the five largest corn-producing States. 

Unusually wet spring weather saturated fields, caused localized flooding, and hampered fieldwork in portions of the Corn 

Belt, Great Lakes region, and Ohio Valley throughout much of the month. Planting progress was limited to 2 percent or 

less in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska during the week ending April 24. By May 1, planting had advanced to 

13 percent complete, compared with 66 percent last year and 40 percent for the 5-year average. Emergence was 5 percent 

complete by May 1, thirteen percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

With activity limited to Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 19 percent of the sorghum crop was planted by April 3, 

six percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Warm, sunny conditions in 

Louisiana during March had provided ample time for producers to complete fieldwork, leaving progress in the State well 

ahead of both last year and normal. Adverse soil conditions – both too dry and too wet – delayed the start of planting in 

some sorghum-producing States. Planting began in Kansas, the largest sorghum-producing State, during the week ending 

April 24, but progress stalled during the last week of the month. By May 1, twenty-three percent of the Nation’s sorghum 

crop was planted, 6 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

As April began, oat producers in four of the nine major estimating States were busy seeding this year’s crop. By April 3, 

twenty-eight percent of the Nation’s crop was in the ground, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points 

behind the 5-year average. In Texas, seeding and emergence were complete, with 35 percent of the crop headed. 

Conversely, seeding in Minnesota, the largest oat-producing State, had yet to begin and was behind normal as heavy 

snowfall and below average temperatures delayed the start of fieldwork. Emergence was evident in 27 percent of oat 

fields by April 10, slightly behind last year but on par with the 5-year average. Cool, wet weather persisted throughout 

much of April, leading to seeding delays of 41 points or more behind last year and 26 points or more behind normal in 

five of the nine major estimating States by April 24. As May began, 45 percent of the oat crop was seeded, compared with 
26 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

82 percent last year and 72 percent for the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the crop was emerged, 24 percentage 

points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

By April 17, barley producers had seeded 11 percent of this year’s crop, 8 percentage points behind last year and 

5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. The most significant delays were evident in Minnesota and Washington 

where wet fields had limited fieldwork in the barley-growing areas. By May 1, seeding had advanced to 18 percent 

complete, 33 percentage points behind last year and 25 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In North Dakota, the 

largest barley-producing State, seeding had yet to begin as rain, snow, and unusually cool temperatures delayed the start 

of fieldwork. Overall, emergence was 6 percent complete by May 1, compared with 16 percent last year and 12 percent 

for the 5-year average.

Nationally, 14 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 17, eight percentage points ahead of last year and 

4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With warm temperatures in portions of the Delta and the Great Plains 

aiding a rapid crop development pace, heading had advanced to 33 percent complete by May 1, seven percentage points 

ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 34 percent of the winter wheat crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition on May 1, down 3 percentage points from ratings on April 3 and 34 percentage 

points below the same time last year. On the central and southern Plains, limited soil moisture availability caused a steady 

decline in condition ratings in States such as Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas throughout the month.

With wet fields and unusually cool temperatures limiting fieldwork, spring wheat producers seeded just 5 percent of this 

year’s crop between April 17 and May 1. Due to spring flooding concerns, producers in North Dakota, the largest spring 

wheat-producing State, seeded just 1 percent of their crop by May 1, well behind both last year and normal. Nationally, 

seeding had advanced to 10 percent complete by May 1, forty-seven percentage points behind last year and 33 percentage 

points behind the 5-year average.

As April arrived, rice producers throughout much of the Delta and Texas were busy seeding this year’s crop, while 

producers in California were conducting routine maintenance activities including field drainage, herbicide applications, 

and leveling. By April 10, seeding had advanced to 26 percent complete, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and 

5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence was evident in 9 percent of the Nation’s rice fields, 

6 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the average. Mid- to late-month rainfall, hail, and 

flash flooding slowed fieldwork in Arkansas and Missouri, pushing overall progress behind both last year and normal. As 

May began, 49 percent of the rice crop was seeded and 37 percent had emerged, both well behind both last year and 

normal.

By May 1, peanut planting was underway in the eight major estimating States. At 8 percent complete, progress was 

2 percentage points behind last year but slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was most advanced in Texas, 

although progress in the State was 6 percentage points behind last year’s pace.

With activity limited to Arizona, California, and Texas, cotton producers had planted 6 percent of the Nation’s crop by 

April 3, two percentage points ahead of last year and slightly ahead of the 5-year average. In Texas, producers in areas of 

the Plains were busy preparing land for planting, although many dryland fields were in need of moisture before cotton 

planting could begin. Despite warm, dry weather promoting a rapid planting pace in Arizona and California later in the 

month, overall progress fell to 6 percentage points behind both last year and the average by May 1 as producers in the 

Northern High Plains of Texas were waiting for increased soil temperatures before starting to plant.

Sugarbeet producers in Idaho and Michigan were planting their crop by mid-April, while saturated fields in Minnesota 

and North Dakota prevented much fieldwork until the end of the month. By May 1, fifteen percent of the crop was 

planted, 80 percentage points behind last year and 46 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
Crop Production (May 2011) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Comments

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.42 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2010. Based on May 1 conditions, the 

United States yield is forecast at 44.5 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from the previous year. Expected grain area 

totals 32.0 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. As of May 1, thirty-four percent of the United States winter wheat 

crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 34 points below the same week in 2010, and heading had reached 

33 percent in the 18 major producing States, 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.

In the southern Great Plains States, dry weather during the winter and spring has led to poor growing conditions. Crop 

conditions declined from last year in all of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing States except Montana. As of 

May 1, the percent of crop rated good to excellent in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was 49 points or more 

below last year. Yields are forecasted lower than last year in all major HRW producing States.

Favorable planting conditions and adequate moisture this spring in many of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States 

has resulted in crop development slightly ahead of the 5-year average. On May 1, the percent of crop rated good to

excellent in Illinois and North Carolina was 23 and 41 points above last year, respectively. Yields are forecasted to be 

higher than 2010 in most SRW producing States.

A cool, wet spring in the Pacific Northwest has led to concerns of disease and caused crop development to be slightly 

behind the 5-year average in Oregon and Washington. Yields are forecasted to be down from 2010 in Idaho and 

Washington, but up in Oregon.

Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 23.2 million bushels, up 

12 percent from the previous year. A cool spring in California caused crop development to be slightly behind normal. If 

realized, California’s yield of 110.0 bushels per acre will tie last year’s record high yield.

Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2011 totaled 22.2 million tons, up 6 percent from a year ago. 

Disappearance from December 1, 2010-May 1, 2011 totaled 79.9 million tons, compared with 86.3 million tons for the 

same period a year ago.

Compared with last year, hay stocks increased across much of the Nation’s midsection. In many cases, these increases are 

attributed to an increase in total hay production in 2010.

Stocks on hand were down throughout much of the western half of the United States and along the Atlantic Coast. 

Lingering winter weather conditions in many western States forced producers to feed livestock longer into the spring 

months. Drought conditions in many areas along the Atlantic Coast caused a lack of available winter pastures. Overall, the 

largest percentage declines occurred in California, Idaho, and Nevada.

Almonds: The 2011 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 1.75 billion pounds, up 6 percent from the 

2010 production of 1.65 billion pounds. The cold spring lengthened the bloom, causing more overlap between varieties. 

Freezing temperatures affected the northern regions more than the south, however frost damage was not significant. 

Despite the cold weather, pollination was successful and California almond trees set a good crop. Older plantings suffered 

some damage from strong winds that accompanied spring storms but overall damage was minimal. The crop in general 

was reported to be good.

California peaches: The California 2011 peach crop is forecast at 815,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from 2010.

The California Freestone crop is forecast at 385,000 tons, unchanged from last year. California experienced an adequate 

number of chilling hours, benefiting the Freestone crop. Good weather during the bloom period resulted in a good set. 

Growers are expecting to thin more this year due to the good set. There have been minimal reports of hail damage on the 

early varieties and the overall crop has been reported as good.
28 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 430,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from 2010. Development was slowed 

due to spring rains and cooler than normal April temperatures. This year's statewide full bloom date was three days later 

than last year. The Extra Early and Early varieties were reported to have a heavy set, while the Late and Extra Late 

varieties were reported to have an average set. Cool and windy weather conditions had growers busy protecting their 

orchards from mildew.

Bananas: The revised Hawaii banana production estimate for 2010 is 17.8 million pounds, down 4 percent from the 

previous year. Harvested area totaled 1,100 acres in 2010, unchanged from the previous year. Growers reported that 

banana bunchy top virus continued to be a problem, while drought conditions forced farmers in some areas to use 

irrigation.

Guavas: Hawaii guava utilized production for 2010 is estimated at 1.30 million pounds, 38 percent lower than the 2009 

utilized production. Harvested area totaled 115 acres, down 15 percent from the previous season. Yield averaged 

11,300 pounds per acre, compared with 15,600 pounds per acre in 2009. Dry weather during the season negatively 

impacted yields and overall production.

Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2010 crop year is estimated at 3.90 million pounds, down 3 percent from the 

previous year. Area in crop, at 475 acres, was up 7 percent from 2009. Weather conditions were varied depending on 

location. Some producers were affected by drought conditions while others experienced flooding. Overall, the variable 

weather was not a significant factor for the total crop. Growers reported that apple snails and leaf blight continued to be 

problems.

Grapefruit: The 2010-2011 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.21 million tons, unchanged from the April 1 

forecast but down 2 percent from the 2009-2010 crop.

Florida grapefruit production is forecast at 19.6 million boxes (833,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but 

down 3 percent from last season. The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.60 million boxes (238,000 tons), down 

7 percent from the 2009-2010 season. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is 2 percent 

below last season. As of May 1, approximately 96 percent of the white grapefruit crop and 99 percent of the colored 

grapefruit crop had been harvested. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the 

previous forecast.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 615,000 tons, up 1 percent 

from the April 1 forecast and up 3 percent from the previous season. Florida’s tangerine crop is forecast at 4.60 million 

boxes (219,000 tons), up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 3 percent from the previous season. Utilization and 

survey data indicate that the Florida tangerine harvest is nearly complete. Arizona and California tangerine and mandarin 

production forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up 

28 percent from last season’s final utilization.

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, temperatures were predominately in the 80s during the month. Weather 

stations reported lows in the 50s and highs in the 80s and 90s this month. Heavy rains during the first part of April eased 

drought conditions in the western citrus growing areas, but the extreme drought condition in the eastern and southeastern 

areas persisted.

Harvesting of early and midseason oranges was complete. Grapefruit and Valencia orange harvests continued. Most of the 

processing plants and canneries remained open. Valencia oranges and grapefruit made up the majority of fruit going to the 

plants. Heavy irrigation and harvesting dominated the grove activities this month.

California citrus: The navel orange, Valencia orange and lemon harvests continued normally in the San Joaquin Valley 

as the grapefruit and mandarin harvests neared completion. Grapefruit and lemons were also picked in the desert and 

coastal regions. Mandarin growers with seedless varieties in the San Joaquin Valley began net placement in preparation 

for the upcoming bloom.
Crop Production (May 2011) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Cool temperatures slowed shoot development in central coast grape vineyards

while fungicides and fertilizers were applied in Central Valley vineyards. The prune, pear, and cherry blooms were nearly 

finished. Kiwi orchards and citrus groves were blooming. The strawberry harvest began in Merced County. Strawberry 

nursery plants were planted in Siskiyou County, while strawberry and blueberry fields in eastern Fresno County were in 

bloom. Fieldwork and spraying were ongoing in orchards and vineyards.

Growing conditions in almond orchards were good. Irrigation, fertilizer, and final fungicide applications dominated field 

activities. Observed pest activity was very low, with some spraying for spider mites done in Kern County. Pollination was 

underway in both walnut and pistachio orchards, as catkins continued to elongate on walnut trees. Blight control sprays 

for walnuts were ongoing while bloom sprays for pistachio orchards were also prepared.

Spring potatoes: Production for 2011 is forecast at 25.6 million cwt, down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but up 

3 percent from 2010. Area for harvest is forecast at 90,500 acres, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 5 percent 

from last year. The average yield forecast, at 283 cwt per acre, is down 6 cwt from both the April 1 forecast and the 

previous year.

Florida’s production is forecast at 8.62 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast. Unfavorable weather 

conditions delayed planting and harvest in both the Hastings and other areas. California’s spring potato production is 

forecast at 10.7 million cwt, down 1 percent from April’s forecast due to cool, wet growing conditions. North Carolina 

growers are expected to produce 3.47 million cwt of spring potatoes, down 2 percent from the previous forecast. As of 

April 24, 2011, crop condition was rated as 100 percent good by the growers. Production in Arizona is forecast at 

1.10 million, down 3 percent from the April 1 forecast due to lower than expected yields. Texas growers expect 

production to total 1.73 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast.

Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2010 totaled 719 million pounds, down slightly from the January 

preliminary estimate and 13 percent below 2009. Harvested area is estimated at 337,500 acres, up slightly from the 

January preliminary estimate but down 5 percent from the previous year’s estimate. Yield per acre averaged 

2,130 pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 193 pounds below 2009.

Flue-cured production totaled 452 million pounds, slightly below the January preliminary estimate. This is 14 percent less 

than 2009 when 525 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 210,900 acres, down 6 percent from the previous 

year. Flue-cured yields averaged 2,143 pounds, down 205 pounds from 2009. North Carolina, the leading producer of 

flue-cured tobacco, produced 349 million pounds, approximately 77 percent of all flue-cured production.

Burley production, which accounted for 97 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 188 million pounds. This is 

unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 13 percent below 2009. Producers of burley tobacco harvested 

97,600 acres in 2010, down 4 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 1,922 pounds per acre, 187 pounds below 

2009. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 140 million pounds, approximately 75 percent of all 

burley grown in the United States.

Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 48.4 million pounds, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate

but 9 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 15,650 acres, down 3 percent from 2009. Fire-cured yields 

averaged 3,091 pounds per acre, down 190 pounds from the previous year.

Southern Maryland Belt tobacco, at 4.95 million pounds, is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 

2 percent above 2009. Pennsylvania growers harvested 2,200 acres, up 5 percent from last year. Yields averaged 

2,250 pounds per acre, down 50 pounds from the previous year.

Dark air-cured production totaled 15.2 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 11 percent 

below the previous year. Growers harvested 5,500 acres in 2010, down 5 percent from 2009. Yield per acre averaged 

2,760 pounds, down 178 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured tobacco, 

produced 12.3 million pounds in 2010, accounting for approximately 81 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco grown in 

the United States.
30 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 10.9 million pounds, up 

2 percent from the January preliminary estimate and 48 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 5,650 acres in 

2010, up 32 percent from last year. The average yield was 1,937 pounds per acre, 209 pounds above 2009.

2010 Cotton final: Upland cotton production is estimated at 17.6 million 480-pound bales, up 49 percent from the 

2009 crop. The United States yield for Upland cotton is estimated at 805 pounds per acre, up 39 pounds from the previous 

season.

Upland growers in the Southeastern region (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia) 

finished planting by mid-June. Hot, dry weather during much of the summer allowed the crop to develop ahead of normal. 

By the end of August, limited harvest was underway in Alabama and Georgia. By late-September, defoliation and harvest 

were underway throughout the region. Harvest neared completion by the end of November. Objective yield data in 

Georgia show bolls per acre to be the lowest in the last 7 years and boll weight to be at its lowest level since 1998. North 

Carolina boll weights are at their lowest level since 2005.

In the Delta region (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) producers finished planting by the first of 

June. The crop developed quickly due to hot, dry conditions for much of the summer. Defoliation and harvest had begun 

by late-August in the region. Harvest was completed by mid-November. In Louisiana, objective yield data show boll 

weight to be the lightest in over 10 years. Objective yield data in Arkansas show the bolls per acre to be the largest on 

record in Arkansas and the largest in the last 5 years in Mississippi.

Texas producers finished planting Upland cotton by the middle of June. In the Panhandle, warm temperatures and timely 

rains allowed the crop to develop well ahead of normal. Defoliation and limited harvest was underway by the middle of 

September. In South Texas, harvest was complete by mid-September. Harvest progressed rapidly in the Panhandle of 

Texas through the first half of October. However, harvest came to a halt after strong thunderstorms moved through some 

parts of the growing area. Reports from growers indicated some damage to the crop due to heavy rain, hail, and high

winds. Objective yield data in Texas show boll weight to be the lowest since 2005.

In Kansas and Oklahoma, the Upland crop developed ahead of normal during the growing season. In Oklahoma, harvest 

got underway in late September, while Kansas producers began harvesting in October.

Upland producers in California and Arizona completed planting by mid-June. The Upland crop developed behind normal 

throughout the summer. In Arizona, harvest began during the first week of September. In California, harvest got underway 

in October.

American Pima production totaled 504,100 bales (480-pound), up 26 percent from the 2009 crop. The United States yield 

is estimated at 1,200 pounds per harvested acre, down 189 pounds per acre from the previous season.

Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2010 totaled 6.10 million tons, up 47 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills 

accounted for 53 percent of the disposition. The remaining 47 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various 

other uses.
Crop Production (May 2011) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 6 to 

gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas, 

Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were 

interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in 

selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as 

number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would 

be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The 

average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the 

heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled 

to obtain current year harvesting loss.

The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 14,400 producers representing all major production areas. 

These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for 

harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

accounts for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the 

season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative 

data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous 

components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer 

surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys 

in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare 

the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from 

April.

Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, 

shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-ofseason estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.
32 Crop Production (May 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 7.0 percent. This means that chances are 

two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 

7.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 12.1 percent. 

Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have 

averaged 88 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final 

estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to 

understate or overstate final production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the 

five abnormal production seasons (three freeze seasons and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is 

1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below 

the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10 

(90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent, or 2.9 percent, excluding abnormal seasons.

Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 133,000 tons 

(152,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when including or excluding 

abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below 

6 times and above 10 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely 

to understate or overstate final production.
Crop Production (May 2011) 33

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Bryan Durham – Hay, Oats.............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3234

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Nick Schauer – Wheat, Rye ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries..................................... (202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits.............................................................. (202) 720-5412

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250

 Kim Ritchie – Hops.......................................................................................................................... (360) 709-2400

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .............................................. (202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Receive NASS Updates” box under “Receive reports by 

Email,” click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of 

payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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