Special Features

The next "Crop Production" report will be released at 3:00 p.m. ET on
April 10, 1992.

Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Crops Branch of the National
Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information.

John 0. Witzig, Chief (202) 720-2127

Field Crops Section

Bill Dowdy, Head (202) 720-3843
Martin Owens, Rice, Weekly Crop Weather (202) 720-2157
Vaughn Siegenthaler, Rye, Sorghum, Wheat (202) 720-8068
Charles Van Lahr, Barley, Corn, Qats, Pasture Condition (202) 720-7369
Herb Vanderberry, Soybeans, Minor Oilseeds (202) 720-9526
Bill Dowdy, Sugar, Tobacco, Hay (202) 720-3843

Fruit, Vegetable & Special Crops Section

Steve Ropel, Head (202) 720-3843
Jim Brewster, Fruits, Fresh Vegetables (202) 720-7688
Arvin Budge, Potatoes, Dry Beans, Processing Vegetables (202) 720-4285
Kirby Cavett, Peanuts (202) 720-3180
Kevin Hintzman, Fruits, Citrus, Nuts (202) 720-5412
Roger Latham, Cotton (202) 720-5944

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1992 14 NASS, USDA


Potatoes: Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production,
by Seasonal Group, State, and Total, 1990-92
Area :
Seasonal = !-----------~-----~--------. : Production
Group Planted Harvested
and

Winter
CA >: 5.6 5.1 4.6 5.1 245 220 1,265 1,127 1,122
FL : 7.6 8.1 7.6 8.0 195 200 1,078 1,482 1,600
Total 213.20 13.2 12.2 = 13.1 214 = 208 2,343 2,609 2,722
Spring 1/
AL 4.0 3.6 2.5 3.5 120 855 300
AZ 6.0 6.3 6.0 6.3 295 1,794 1,770
cA 21.8 20.3 21.8 20.3 380 8,438 8,284
FL :
Hastings : 27.5 27.5 27.0 27.0 190 6,888 5,130
Other : 8.6 7.1 8.4 7.0 175 1,826 1,470
NC 2:17.30 17.6 17.0 17.3 170 3,240 2,890
1X 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.8 165 1,122 792
Total 90.2 87.7 87.5 86.2 236 24,163 20,636

1/ Yield and production for 1992 to be released April 10, 1992.

Papayas: Area and Fresh Production, Hawaii, by Month, 1991-92

Fresh Production

Month

~- 1,000 Pounds --

dan 3,955 2,165 2,120 4,665 5,135
Feb 3,855 2,035 2,070 3,365 4,910
Mar 2,020 3,155
Apr 1,905 3,890
May 1,925 3,350
Jun 1,880 2,895

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 5 NASS, USDA


leaving dormancy and beginning to green by late February, increasing the
vulnerability of the crop to freeze. Snow cover was Jacking in most wheat
producing regions throughout the winter, and remained so entering Spring.
Surplus moisture caused some yellowing of winter wheat in eastern Texas and the
Delta, and some Arkansas producers were resorting to aerial application of
fertilizers due to wet field conditions. Topdressing fertilizers were also
being applied to fields in the Southwest and Southeast. Most regions reported
wheat condition as fair to good entering spring.

Winter Potatoes: Production of winter potatoes is forecast at 2.72 million

cwt, the same as last month and a gain of 4 percent from Tast
year. Area for harvest is estimated at 13,100 acres, 7 percent above last
year. The average yield, forecast at 208 cwt per acre, is down 6 cwt froma
year ago.

Harvest of Florida winter potatoes was active during February and is expected
to continue through March and April. Quality and size are good with no major
weather problems to impact the crop. In California, light sets on early fields
have improved to normal during February.

Spring Potatoes: Growers have planted an estimated 87,700 acres of spring

potatoes this year in the six major States. This acreage is
down 3 percent from last year and 9 percent below 1990. Harvest is expected
from 86,200 acres, down 1 percent from a year ago and 9 percent below two years
ago.

Florida harvest will start about the first of April in the Hastings area.
Harvest in other Florida spring areas should be underway by mid-March. Crop
growth is good with favorable weather so far. Heavy rains in February slowed
the completion of planting in Alabama and flooded some fields in South Texas.
The North Carolina potato crop was about 17 percent planted by early March.
California's acreage is down 7 percent from last year, partly in response to
low russet prices and questionable irrigation water availability.

Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 4.91 million pounds

for February, 4 percent lower than January but 46 percent higher than
February 1991. Year-to-date sales were 25 percent more than the same two-month
period a year ago.

Weather conditions were characterized as variable during February. Cool
temperatures and scattered showers occurred during the beginning of the month
followed by heavier rains and strong winds in the second week. Warmer, drier
conditions returned in the last half of the month.

Area devoted to papaya production totaled 3,855 acres during February,

3 percent Tower than January but 21 percent higher than a year earlier.
Harvested area totaled 2,070 acres, which was 2 percent lower than last month
but 2 percent higher than last February.

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 10 NASS, USDA


Citrus Fruit Footnotes

1/ The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with
year harvest is completed.

2/ Net lbs. per box: oranges-CA & AZ-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-CA Desert &
AZ-64, CA Other-67, FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos and Temples-90;
tangerines-CA and AZ-75, FL-95.

3/ Navel and miscellaneous varieties in CA and AZ. Early and mid-season
varieties in FL and TX, including small] quantities of tangerines in TX.

4/ Estimates for current year carried forward from earlier forecast.

5/ Due to the severe freeze of December 1989, TX had no commercial production
for the 1990-91 season.

6/ The first forecast for CA grapefruit "Other Areas" will be as of April 1.

J/ TX forecast at 425 tons for 1991-92.

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 7 NASS, USDA


Citrus Fruit:
1990-91 and Forecaste

Production, by Crop, State, and United States,

March 1, 1992 1/

production =—sitsSS”STMSS«éroduction
Ton Equivalent

Production

Boxes

Oranges, Early Mid
& Navel 3/

All Oranges
AZ 4/
TX 5/

Grapefruit, White
Seedless
FL
Grapefruit, Colored
Seedless

FL
Other Grapefruit
All Grapefruit
AZ 4/
CA 4/ &/
Desert
Other Areas
Total
FL
TM 5/
US
Tangerines
AZ 4/
CA 4/

390
44,300
68,100

1050
1133840

1,220
27; 100
423100

155
70,575

1,610
71, 400
110; 200

1,205
184/415

1,400
18,000

16,300
1,400
2,200

3,500
5,900
9,400
35,700
2,000
49,300

600
1,650
1,700
3,950

2,800
15,800
18,600

550
15,800
875500

103,850
1,200
93800

64,000
75,000
1,750
25,600
151,500
178,850

2,500

21,700

21,800
1,600
2,400

3,500
4,500
8,000
45,100

55,500

600
1,300
1,950
3,850

4,100
14; 900
19;000

720
34,000
83; 400

20
118,140
1,400
297000
56,000
10
86,410
2,120
63,000
139; 400
30
204,550

2,600
20,000

20,500
1,400
2,300
3,500

41,900
65

14
1,661
3,064

44
4,783

45
1,016
1,894

7

2,962

59
2,677
4,958

7,745
63

765

693
60
70

112
198
310
1,518
80
1,978

22
62
80
164

106
600
706

2,880
3,293
65
961
6,817
7,843

113

922

926
68
77

112
150
262
1,916

2,255

23
49
92
164

156
566
722

27
1,275
3,753

1
5,056

53
1,088
23520
3,661

80
2,363
6,273
8,717

117
850

871
60
74

12

Crop Production
March 1992

Agricultural Statistics Board

NASS, USDA


February Weather Summary: As February began, California was in the midst

of a sixth consecutive water year (October 1 -
September 30) of drought. Sierra Nevada snowpack, which is the primary source
of the State's reservoir water, stood at 45 percent of normal. But between the
5th and the 21st, moisture repeatedly washed across the State, at first causing
major flooding northwest of Los Angeles but eventually supplying precious
snowfall to the Sierra Nevada. When the storminess subsided, the snowpack
attained a moisture level of more than 70 percent of normal. Exceptionally
warm weather during the final week of February started spring snowmelt early,
reducing the snowpack to 64 percent of normal by March 2, according to the
California Drought Information Center. In the northern third of the Sierra
Nevada, which had less snowmelt, the early March snowpack is 76 percent of
normal.

Elsewhere, heavy rain plagued Texas for the third month in a row, keeping river
and flash flooding an active threat in the eastern part of the State. February
rainfall records fell in Austin, TX (6.56 inches), and Galveston, TX

(8.34 inches). Rainfall was above normal for a second consecutive month along
the central Guif coast. Since January 1, 2992, twice the normal amount of rain
has fallen across the southern tiers of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and
extreme western Florida. Farther north, the storms that lashed California also
deposited unseasonably heavy precipitation from northern Kansas to the western
Corn Belt. But two areas that head into the spring months with long-term and
topsoil moisture deficits are the northern High Plains and the eastern Corn
Belt. In eastern Montana, both February and winter precipitation were less
than 25 percent of normal.

Exceptionally mild weather blanketed the northern and central Plains during
February, continuing a trend that began in early December. In fact, only
northern Maine and the San Luis Valley of Colorado reported cooler-than-normal
weather. Notable warm spells opened and closed the month. More than 40 daily
record highs were established during the first 4 days of the month, and more
than 100 records fel? during the month's final 10 days. On the Ist, Dickinson,
ND, established a February high temperature record (68 degrees F), while on the
29th, Bismarck, ND (69 degrees F), and Pocatello, ID (65 degrees F), set
monthly record highs. The lowest temperature reported at Havre, MI, during the
month was 3 degrees F, which is barely below the normal monthly average
temperature of 11 degrees F. Only the Northeast had occasional intrusions of
arctic air.

Fieldwork: Preparations for spring planting were underway across the southern

latitudes early in the month, and intensified across the Nation in
response to the unseasonably warm weather. Cotton planting was underway in
southwestern Arizona, southern Texas, and the Rio Grande Valley, while harvest
was winding down in Oklahoma. Some corn and sorghum fields were planted in the
Texas Blacklands and Rio Grande Valley as fields dried sufficiently for entry
and corn planting continued in southern Georgia. Oats were being sown in
southeastern Nebraska.

Winter Wheat: One effect of the above-normal temperatures during the latter
half of winter was unusually early greening of fall-seeded
grains. Winter wheat from the Rocky Mountains through the Ohio Valley was

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 9 NASS, USDA


Crop Agrieuttural
e Statistics
Production Service
United States

Department of
Agriculture

Washington, D.C.

Released March 11, 1992, by the Agricultural Statistics Board. Forecasts refer
to March 1, 1992.

Citrus Up 7 Percent

Citrus production is forecast at 11.8 million tons, 1 percent more than Tast
month and 7 percent more than last season. The increase over the previous
month is due to larger California Navel and Valencia orange forecasts.

Orange production is forecast at 8.72 million tons, up 2 percent from
February 1 and 11 percent above last season. The increase from last month is
due to higher California Navel and Valencia forecasts.

Grapefruit production, including California's "Desert" grapefruit but excluding
California's "Other Areas" crop, is 1.97 million tons, virtually unchanged from
the February 1 forecast but 6 percent less than last season. The decrease from
last year is mainly due to reduced production in Florida.

Winter potato production is forecast at 2.72 million cwt, the same as last
month but up 4 percent from a year ago and 16 percent above 1990. Florida
harvest was active through February and will continue into April. Quality and
size are good.

Spring potato plantings are estimated at 87,700 acres this year, down 3 percent
from a year ago and 9 percent below 1990. Planting of spring potatoes is
mostly completed across the South from Texas to Florida. Harvest should begin
in Florida fields in late March.

Index and report features are located at the end of this report. For
information call (202) 720-2127. Office hours are 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. ET.

Cr Pr 2-2 (3-92)


The California “Desert" and Arizona forecasts of 3.50 million boxes and
2.30 million boxes, respectively, are carried forward from January 1.

The Texas crop is forecast at 65,000 boxes, unchanged from last month. Texas
had no commercial production last season due to the severe December 1989
freeze. Harvest is virtually complete.

Tangelos: The Florida crop, excluding K-early citrus fruit, is forecast at

2.65 million boxes, 2 percent below last month and the same
production as last season. Tangelo harvest is virtually complete for the
season and fruit size has been good.

Tangerines: The U.S. all tangerine forecast is 203,000 tons, unchanged from

last month but 24 percent above last season's utilized
production. This forecast includes the Dancy, Robinson, Honey, and Sunburst
varieties of tangerines in Florida, as well as production of California and
Arizona tangerines.

The Florida forecast is 2.43 million boxes, unchanged from February 1 but

25 percent above the 1990-91 production. Florida harvest as of March 1 was
about 94 percent complete. Fresh demand remains good. The California crop
forecast, which was carried forward from the January 1 forecast, is

1.50 million boxes, 15 percent above last season. The Arizona crop forecast,
which was also carried forward from the January 1 forecast, is 850,000 boxes,
42 percent above the 1990-91 utilized production.

Temples: The Florida temple forecast, at 2.60 million boxes, is unchanged from
the February 1 forecast but up 4 percent from last season. Harvest
was about 81 percent complete as of March 1 with good fruit sizes reported.

Florida Citrus: Groves and trees in all areas of the citrus belt were in

excellent condition at the end of February. Hard rains the
last week of the month provided adequate soil moisture for good growth. Trees
of all ages have new foliage and bloom buds forming. Most young tree groves in
the central and southern areas have considerable open bloom. Conditions are
ideal for this year's bloom period. Early and midseason orange harvest was
completed by the end of February. Harvest of all seedless grapefruit is now
77 percent complete. Tangelo harvest is virtually complete for this season.
Movement of temples has been active this year with about 19 percent remaining.
Honey tangerine harvest is about 87 percent complete.

Texas Citrus: Citrus trees in the Valley are nearing full bloom for the

1992-93 crop. Rainfall across the Valley has decreased
irrigation needs; however wet grounds have limited grove care activity. The
1991-92 crop harvest is virtually complete.

California Fruits and Nuts: The month of February brought a significant amount
of rainfall to the State. While the month began

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 12 NASS, USDA


Oranges: The U.S. all orange crop is forecast at 8.72 million tons for the
1991-92 season. This is 2 percent more than the February 1 forecast
and 11 percent higher than the 1990-91 season. Florida's all orange crop is
estimated at 139 million boxes, up slightly from the February 1 forecast but
8 percent less than last season. Production prospects for early and mid-season
oranges in Florida are forecast at 83.4 million boxes, up slightly from a month
ago but 5 percent below the 1990-91 crop. The Valencia crop in Florida is
forecast at 56.0 million boxes, unchanged from a month ago but 12 percent less
than the 1990-91 season. Harvest of Florida early and mid-season varieties is
virtually complete, while the Valencia crop is about 5 percent harvested.

The California all orange forecast, at 63.0 million boxes, is up 5 percent from
last month's forecast and 146 percent higher than last year's freeze damaged
crop. The Navel orange forecast, at 34.0 million boxes, is up 6 percent from
last month's forecast and 115 percent higher than last season. As of March 1,
California's Navel crop was 44 percent harvested. The California Valencia
orange crop forecast is up 4 percent from a month ago at 29.0 million boxes.
This estimate is nearly triple last year's freeze damaged crop. It appears
fruit size will be larger than previously expected. Harvest is just beginning
in the desert. The all orange forecast for Arizona, carried forward from
January 1, is expected to total 2.12 million boxes, 21 percent above last
season's production. The Texas orange crop is expected to total 30,000 boxes.
Texas had no commercial production last season due to the December 1989 freeze.

Changes in U.S. production between the March 1 forecast and final production
averaged 5.79 million boxes over the past ten seasons, ranging from a low of
650,000 boxes in 1987-88 to a high of 12.5 million boxes in 1989-90.

Florida Frozen Concentrated Juice Yield: The 1991-92 forecast of al] Frozen

Concentrated Orange Juice Yield
(FCOJ) for Florida has increased to 1.52 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix.
The forecast projects the final yield as reported by the Florida Citrus
Processors Association. The final 1990-91 yield for all fruit used in FCOJ was
1.45 gallons per box at 42.0 degrees Brix.

Grapefruit: Prospects as of March 1 for the 1991-92 season indicate a crop of

1.97 million tons, down slightly from the February 1 forecast and
6 percent below last season's utilized production. This forecast includes
California's "Desert" grapefruit but excludes California's "Other Areas"
grapefruit. The grapefruit crop from California's "Other Areas" accounted for
150,000 tons (4.50 million boxes) last season. The first forecast for that
area will be as of April 1, 1992.

Florida's grapefruit forecast is 41.9 million boxes, down slightly from
February 1 and 7 percent less than the 1990-91 crop. The Florida white
seedless grapefruit forecast is 20.0 million boxes, unchanged from the
February 1 forecast but 8 percent less than the previous season. Colored
seedless is forecast at 20.5 million boxes, unchanged from last month's
forecast but 6 percent less than the 1990-91 crop. Seedy grapefruit is
forecast at 1.40 million boxes, 7 percent less than February 1 and 12 percent
less than last season. Fruit sizes have been good and harvest is 77 percent
complete.

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 1] NASS, USDA


Sugarcane: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production,
by Use, State, and United States, 1989-91

Use : Area Harvested : Yield 1/ : Production 1/
and aaa taiabatat tata at atatatatatatatatad
State 1990 1991 1989 1990 1991

For Sugar
FL : 419.0 429.0 35.5 36.5 12,717 14,874 15,658
HI 2/. : 72.0 66.5 90.8 87.3 7,082 6,538 5,805
LA 2/ : 201.0 321.0 20.6 23.0 7,440 4,150 7,383
TM 2/ : 34.4 34.9 26.5 31.5 830 913 1,099
US : 726.4 851.4 36.4 35.2 28,069 26,475 29,945
For Seed:
: 15.0 14.0 35.5 36.5 4th 533 Sil
HI 2/) : 7.0 7.5 26.4 25.2 195 185 189
LA 2/  : 44.0 24.0 20.6 23.0 643 906 552
TX 2/ : 1.8 1.7 20.6 20.0 48 37 34
US : 67.8 47.2 24.5 27.2 1,357 1,661 1,286
For Sugar
and Seed :
FL : 434.0 443.0 35.5 36.5 13,188 15,407 16,169
HI 2/  : 79.0 74.0 85.1 81.0 7,277 6,723 5,994
LA 2/  : 245.0 345.0 20.6 23.0 8,083 5,056 7,935
TX 2/  : 36.2 36.6 26.2 31.0 878 950 1,133
US : 794.2 898.6 35.4 34.8 29,426 28,136 31,231
1/ Net tons.

2/ Current estimates carried forward from earlier forecast.

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 8 NASS, USDA


Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 1990-91
(Domestic Units)

Area Planted Area Harvested

Crop

Sugarcane for
Sugar and Seed

Crop Summary: Yield per Acre and Production, United States, 1989-91
(Domestic Units)

Yield per Acre Production
Crop fetter nnn tenn natn ne nnn ncn nner nnn nnn rence ntsc nena
1990 199] 1990
-oo-- Tons ---- -------- 1,000 Tons
Sugarcane for :
Sugar and Seed : 35.4 34.8 29,426 28,136 31,231

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 1990-91
(Metric Units)

Hectares
Sugarcane for
Sugar and Seed

321,400 363,650

Crop Summary: Yield per Hectare and Production, United States, 1989-91
(Metric Units)

: Yield per Hectare: Production
Crop taal lachaleaha aaa aaa aad aten el odateetaiataratatatenaetaiataed
1990 1991 1989 1990 1991
Metric Tons
Sugarcane for :
Sugar and Seed 2 79.42 77.91 26,694,820 25,524,550 28,332,290
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1992 4 NASS, USDA


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Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 15 NASS, USDA


Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States,
1991 and Forecasted March 1, 1992
(Metric Units)

Area Planted Area Harvested

Crop : een ennn----+ = 2-2-3 2 +e ee === ===
1991 1992 1991 1992
Hectares
Potatoes :
Winter : 5,340 5,340 4,940 5,300
Spring : 36,500 35,490 35,410 34,880

Crop Summary: Yield per Hectare and Production, United States,
1991 and Forecasted March 1, 1992
(Metric Units)

Production

Feb 1,
1992

Metric Tons

Potatoes :
Winter : 23.96 23,30 118,340 123,470 123,470
Spring : 26.43 936,030
: 1990-91 1991-92 1991-92
Oranges 1/ : 7,115,050 7,789,090 7,907,930

1/ Season begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the
completion of harvest the following year.

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 3 NASS, USDA


Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States,
1991 and Forecasted March 1, 1992
(Domestic Units)

Area Planted Area Harvested

Crop
Potatoes :
Winter : 13.2 13.2 12.2 13.1
Spring : 90.2 87.7 87.5 86.2

Crop Summary: Yield per Acre and Production, United States,
1991] and Forecasted March 1, 1992
(Domestic Units)

Yield per Acre Production

Crop and Unit
Feb 1, : Mar 1,

1991 1992 1991 : 1992) : 1992
Potatoes H
Winter cwt : 9 214 208 2,609 2,722 2,722
Spring Cwt : 236 20,636
: 1990-91 1991-92 1991-92
Oranges 1/ Ton : 7,843 8, 586 8,717

1/ Season begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the
completion of harvest the following year.

This report was approved on March 11, 1992, by the Acting Secretary of
Agriculture and the National Agricultural Statistics Service's Agricultural

Statistics Board.

Acting Secretary of Agricultural Statistics Board
Agriculture Chairperson
Ann Veneman Rich Allen
Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board

March 1992 2 NASS, USDA


with only light rains, a series of storms during the second and third weeks,
caused flooding in some areas. Sacramento had a record sixteen consecutive
days of rainfall. The resulting wet conditions drastically slowed or halted
cultural practices and orchard activities. Harvest of avocados, Temons, desert

grapefruit, and tangerines progressed despite the wet conditions. Rains
severely slowed navel orange harvest. Date harvest was completed. Bud swell
and bloom occurred in almonds and early variety apricots, peaches, plums, and
nectarines. An early bloom was delayed due to cool, wet weather. As blooms
appeared, beekeepers moved into the orchards for the pollination season. By
February's end, pollination was active.

Sugarcane: The 1991 production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at
31.2 million tons. This is up 3 percent from February 1 and up

11 percent from 1990. The Florida forecast was raised based on more recent

industry data. All Florida mills are expected to be closed by late March. The

forecasts for Hawaii, Louisiana, and Texas were carried forward from earlier
forecasts.

Crop Production Agricultural Statistics Board
March 1992 13 NASS, USDA