AREA PLANTED 1976°78 CONTINUED

WINTER WHEAT 27 D DURUM WHEAT 1 OTHER SPRING WHEAT
STATE T T T

{1976 i97T_{ (1978 | (1976 1 4977 4 1978 1 1976 | 1977 1 1976
t T1000 ACRES

ALA 1 140 135 130

ARIZ ‘ 11s 58 50 3es a9 95

ARK ' 710 825 400

CALIF (19060 885 650 90 30 120

colo 1 30300 30000 = 20900 so 30 50

DEL 1 “4 40 32

FLA ' 19 c) 17

GA 1 150 135 160

TOAHO 1 29010 950 870 s6s 380 490

ToL 1 19900 = 19650-19050

IND 1 19550-19350 900

TOWA ' 145 130 75

KANS 1120900 139200 © 410300

KY 1 450 380 280

La 4 4s 50 40

40 ' 150 140 ws

MICH {880 870 470

MINN ' 160 140 70 9S 65 10039880 3920020680

MISS ( 1s0 140 100

Mo | 29025 24000 960

MONT 1 39200 30050 29900 300 230 30020080 2yl20 19900

NEBR 1 39400 39300 = 20900

NEV 4 9 7 12 15 13 47

NJ ' 63 6) 48

N MEX 1 sho 35) 477 18 6

NY fl 165 3190 86

NC 1 27s 235 220

N DAK ) 140 160 160 39710 29600 = 39300 = B¥080 = 79200) 300

ONTO 1 19700-19580 39200

OKLA 4 79800 79800 79000

OREG 1 19250 192308 150 120 78 135

PA ‘ 34s 285 255

s¢ ' 138 107 95

§ aK ( 4el9a be 160 19080 2.0 145 195 25500 2y350 2 300

TENN (365 373 310

TEX (69500 6300 Se 700

UTAH ' 250 225 190 50 26 as

va 1 27s 250 205

WASH {29960 29920 29800 325 200 320

WA 1 43 12 ul

wis ' 67 65 35 31 18 3

@YO 1 330 327 327 40 26 20
'

us 1579668 569295 470730 49748 39183 4110 «T9786 1S ¥641 Le a5 %

SEE FOOTNOTES ON PAGE B=8e

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-7 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USOA


POTATOES: AVERAGE NUMBER OF HILLS PER ACRE, BY TYPE, 1977-78 1/

ROUND REDS ROUND WHITES RUSSETS.

STATE AND YEAR

HILLS OF > HILLS” OF > HELLS”
SANPLES PER ACRE : SAMPLES: PER ACRE: on i PER ACRE
colo | 1977: 12 14,119 59 11,498
1978 ¢ 9 12,750 5 12,508 53 11,877
TOAHO ©1977: 31 13,761
1978 : 317 12,863
MAINE 1977: 185 15,955 37 9,633
1978 : 141 145827 51 9,596
MICH 1977: xy 2 81 12,233 23 11,916
1978 : zy 2 62 12,243 36 11,201
MINN 197: 2 10,661 64 10,079 43 9,449
1978 : 28 113103 56 10,432 30 93980
NY 1977: yy yy 124 12,822
1978 : Y 2 7 12,452 2 2
NDAK 1977: 69 10,221 78 9,063 19 9,337
1978 : 36 10,538 al 95581 13 9,477
OREG = «197: 2 a 125 13,880
1978 : a a ry zy 137 13,913
PA 1977: 88 12,432
1978 : 83 123,240
WASH 1977 9 12,152 18) 13,693
1978 : 2 y 2/ 2/ 167 13,918
WIS, 1977: 18 13,982 54 12,731 70 10,971
1978 7 13,254 47 12,707 78 10,831
AVERAGE WU F PER TVE VT FSUREFEN

2/ INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE SIZE.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-24 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


COTTON

CROP 4 AREA HARVESTED ' YIELO ‘ PRODUCTION 1
AND og T t RD + v IND + ¥ ¥ END
STATE 4 1976 3 1977 81978 41976 t 1977 1 1978 8 1976 §__:1977 1__—«4978
D T,000 ACRES POUNDS 1,000 BALES
UPLANI
¥ 42000 39540 33060 399 337 “1s 345900 27740 28560
ARIZ § 34000 51500 538.0 10)78 997 937 83420 1907040 1505060
ARK 1 95000 93000 780.0 392 534 406 77600 660.0
CALIF 8 1912060 1939000 1045540 19064 964 660 2948200 2990060
Fla 38 Tel bel 306 514 425 407 766
GA 1 24000 17000 11500 398 232 489 19960
Ky 3s 163 08 20 ese 420 0 7
a $560.0 54040 505.0 47 $83 “el $53.0
MESS -§—1947000 = 1936000 = 1915060 376 581 S74 1615160
MO 4 26060 262.0 180.0 305 431 493 16560
NEV 3st ded 163 1,3 738 596 702 de?
NMEX 6400 12860 41060 $23 603 436 1000
nec + 7100 8300 43.0 489 305 so2 72.0
OKLA , 33520 52000 560.0 251 402 317 1750
s¢ 1 15960 15360 100.0 438 awe 528 145.0
TENN 37060 30060 240.0 295 407 460 22800 o
TEX 4 4950000 = 6045000 = 69 10040 353 407 283 3930740 = 5946500 = 3900000
a aan 6 oT al 480 196 480 6 3 el
us 1 10986901 13920409 12921140 464 519 GIT 10051606 14927740 10061065
COTTONs AMERSPIMA
ART + 0 42.3 3402 804 738 618 5063 6500
CALIF 378 ol 3 ol 640 269 480 ) 4
N MEX & 603 903 13.5 476 621 391 bed 12.0
TEX 1 8.0 2265 28.0 ae 147 460 Toe 3500
us ' 440 THee 7508 692 724 526 6400 12.2
COTTON, ALL
USE 1Oe9135 13927903 12028668 465 $20 1B 10958006 164938902 10969306

T/ PRODUCTION GINNED AND TO BE GINNED. 2/ 480-LB. NET WEIGHT BALES.
3/7 ESTIMATES FOR CURRENT YEAR CARRIED FORWARD FROM EARLIER FORECAST s

CROP PRODUCTION DECEMBER» 1978 1 CROP REPORTING BOARD» ESCS» USDA

FOWACCU UY CLASS AND TYPE

GLASS AND TYPE 1 Proouct ton

Tr
ores ye7r_ 4 a978 4 97 977 1978

AREA HANVESTED. ‘
7 7

es 8

‘3232 550
us i 0 eres929 6226715

As REFER TO MOVEMBER 9 197 CROP PRODUCTION KEPUNT FUR
ESTIMATES FOR OTNER CLASSES Aho. IYPES.
27 ESTIMATES FOR CURRENT TEAK CANKIED FONWAKO FROM EAKLIEN FOECAST.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-1 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


ALL WHEAT

STATE ot AREA HARVESTED ‘ YIELO ' PRODUCTION
f 1976 + 1977 1978 | 1976 * 1977 ¢ 1978 ¢ 1976 ¢ 1977 1978
+ ————s«T OOO ACHES BUSHE! 19000 BUSHELS
'
ALA : 90 65 27002840 260 20295 29520
aRI2 : 140 138 7500-7240 7000) 320325 = 109080
ARK . 660 300-3900 ©3900) 3700 © 249570 = 258 740
CALIF ot 67a 715 6305S 64e5 Hed = S907Z0 «= 439 700
COO 4 29575 2044s = 2108 222 3 = 530200 © 7H 2AS,
OL ' 3s 28 3500 3000 3600 19400 19050
FLA t 13 12 3000 29.0 3660 420 377
GA ' 100 1203100 ©3340 3200 39565 39300
1OAHO 14190 19295 4708 = 4266 S767 = 689320 «= 508730
qk ' 16570 930-3940 4300 380 679510
IND ' 19240 815 3660 39.0 559800
OWA ' 10! 55-3540 3140
KANS 1 lasido 30.0 30.0
Ky ' 274 3400 3540
LA ' 2s 3300 3600
i) ‘ 120 3600 3700
MICH 4 aes 3800 4000
MINN ot 30327 3202 33.6
Miss 1 10s 2960
' 15760 3300
MONT ' 5060 3009
NEBR 8 29950 3260
NEV ' 28 Sool
Nu ' 42 4200
NMEX 1 42s 2600
NY ' 175 3800
nc t 200 2900
NOAK ot 99256 2407
OHIO ’ 19560 4000
OKLA fy 40500 2400
OREG 3 14230 4502
Pa ' 270 3000
sc ‘ 95 2600
S$ DAK 1 39016 1362
TENN 8 2 3700
TEK ‘ 45700 2200
UTAH ot 204 2407
vA 1 205 3220
WASH 29985 4500
VA 8 lo 32-0
ws ’ 75 34.8
Wyo + 281 2401 79955 20 79606
vs 470077) 66401 = 564839 3003 Bhe6 291620362 210360318 197969712
CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-11 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


RELIABILITY OF DECEMBER 1 COTTON AND POTATO PRODUCTION FORECASTS

The cotton production forecast in this report is based on an objective yield survey made dur-
ing the last week in November as well as reports from cotton ginners as of December 1. The fall
potato production forecast is based on yield data from an objective yield survey made just prior
to harvest, plus reported yields from growers. Some adjustments have also been made in harvested
acres for cotton based on acreage data from ASCS and for potatoes on acreage data reported by
growers. The objective yield surveys provided small plot observations, counts and measurements in
a probability sample. These surveys are subject to sampling and non-sampling type errors that are
common to all surveys. The cotton forecast is also subject to change as a result of weather dur-
ing the remainder of the season and other factors that directly affect final production, but can-
not be measured currently.

To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the December 1? production forecasts, the
"Root Mean Square Error", a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. This is
done by expressing the deviations between the December 1 production forecasts and the final esti-
mates as a percent of the final estimates and averaging the squared percentage deviations for the
1958-77 twenty-year period; the square root of this average becomes statistically the "Root Mean
Square Error". Probability statements can be made concerning expected errors in the current fore-
casts relative to the final end of season estimates, assuming that factors affecting this year's
forecast are not different from those influencing recent years’ forecasts.

For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the December 1 cotton production forecast is
1.4 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast of 10.7
million bales will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 1.4 percent or approxi-
mately 150 thousand bates. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the differ-
ence will not exceed 2.4 percent or approximately 260 thousand bales.

Also shown in the table is a summary of the 10-year (1968-77) record for cotton and fall pota-
toes of the differences between the December 1 forecast and the final estimate. Using cotton as an
example, differences between the December 1 all cotton production forecast and final ginnings dur-
ing the past 10 years have averaged 151 thousand bales, ranging from 3 thousand bales to 338 thou-
sand bales. The forecast was below the final ginnings in 4 years and above in 6 years.

RELIABILITY OF DECEMBER 1 CROP PRODUCTION FORECASTS

TEN YEAR RECORD OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
FORECAST AND FINAL ESTIMATE
q NUMBER OF YEA
LEVEL : 7 7 BELOW —: ABOVE
YPERCENT :QUANTITY ; AVERAGE :SMALLEST : LARGEST : Final: FINAL
MILLION : MILLION MILLTON MILLTOWN

1.4 2.4 260: 151 3 338 4
18: 9 2 19 10

* ROOT MEAN SQUARE ERROR =:
CROP AND é
UNIT

PERCENT

COTTON BALE 1
FALL POTATOES CWT : 3.2 5.5
T/ QUANTITY IS TN THOUSANDS OF BALES.

Cry

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 AS CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


POTATOES: PERCENTAGE OF NET WEIGHT BY SIZE GROUPS, 1977-78 1/ CONTINUED

> UNDER 2":

Py ayauet 1 7/8"~ = BUT OVER: 6 gz- = g oz- } 10 OZ-? 12 O2- } 14.02

TYPE, STATE : UNDER : DER 2" 24 OZ OR : : : :
ano’veaR =: 11/2": YOUR. : on cess : ano over: g's: Yor: Yeon Yor: OVER fe
: : :THAN 4 OZ: BUT LESS : : : :
H i THAN 6 0Z : i
PERCENT
RUSSETS:
“COLO 1977: * 6 9 34 19 12 8 4 8 100
1978: 1 8 6 32 20 14 8 4 7 100
IDAHO 1977: 1 n 15 23 18 u 7 5 9 100
1978: 9 8 27 7 12 9 6 Vn 100
MAINE 1977: 2 10 7 35 7 4 6 3 6 100
1978: 1 8 6 30 20 12 9 6 8 100
MICH 1977: 1 n 4 25 18 16 9 6 10 100
1978: * 7 4 31 20 14 8 6 10 100
MINN 1977: 1 8 12 26 20 3 9 3 8 100
1978: 7 n 23 18 v4 8 6 12 100
NDAK 1977: 0 6 9 28 19 4 10 6 8 300
1978: 2 a 0 27 ” 20 7 5 4 100
OREG 19777 1 5 10 20 ” “wou 7 18 100
1978: 1 5 5 24 19 4 10 7 15100
WASH 1977: * 5 8 7 18 6 oN 7 We 100
1978: * 5 6 23 18 4 0 8 6 100
WIS 1977: 1 8 7 38 19 12 6 4 5 100
1978: 1 n 8 34 19 2 6 4 5 100

IT PERCENTAGES “SHOWN ADJUSTED TO ALLOW FOR HARVESTING LOSS.
* LESS THAN 1/2 PERCENT.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-22 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


AREA PLANTED 1976-78 CONTINUED

WED : RICE = DRY EDIBLE BEANS 7
STATE = 1976 1977; 1978} 1976? 1977 197a 1976 «=: 1977 + 1978
5 1,000 ACRES

ALA

ARIZ :

ARK : 850.0 840.0 1,180.0

CALIF : 4000 3100 "500-0 179.0 169.0 210.0
COLO + 35 30 30 190.0 175.0 185.0
DEL 32 30 35

FLA :

GA : 390 425 490

TDAHO : 161.0 134.0 154.0
TLL : 65 65 65

IND > 50 55 40

OWA : 4 20 19

KANS : 50 60 90 13.0 13.0 17.5
KY : 60 56 59

LA : 570.0 480.0 «$90.0

NAINE :

MD 65 62 70

MICH 125 n5 130 560.0 $50.0 570.0
MINN 1 6 104 ns 45.0 33:0 44.0
MISS : 145.0 122.0 220.0

NO 1 62 65 47401780 30.0

MONT : 9.0 6.7 8.4
NEBR > 100 90 95 126.0 120,0 125.0
NEV

Nd 1 76 76

N MEX

NY Yoo 105 105 0 42.0 45.0
Nc 130 130 135

N DAK : 120 lo 220 144.0 115.0 118.0
outa : 80 80 85

OKLA : 170 190 190

OREG > 40 35 36

PA 165 65 65

sc : 120 120 125

S DAK 165 175 240

TENN : 2 22 24

TEX 1175 150 150 «510.0 ——502.0 560.0

UTAH : .0 5.0 9.0
Vt :

VA 150 150 180 ;

WASH > 20 2B 23 27.0 20:0 28.0
WA :

WIS + 38 35 40

wyo : 9 9 6 26.0 24.0 30.0
OTH STS : 7.8 6.0

us 12,652 2,682 2,985° 2,489.0 2,261.0 3,080.0 1,541.8 15412.7 1,543.9
T/-TNCLUDES-AREA-PLANTED 1H PRECEDING-FRUCS—27-ARER PLANTED INC PRECEDING FALL ~3/-OTHERSTATES ARE —

Ul
TLL AND IND; ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP. 4/ ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP.

AREA PLANTED, DRY EDIBLE LIMA BEANS, 1976-78

CROP AND STATE 1976 : 1977 : 1978
: T, 000 ACRES
LARGE LIMA-CALIF : 35.0 31.0 29.0

BABY LIMA-CALIF : 21.0 22.0 25.0

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-8 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


RYE,

STATE AREA HARVESTED 1 YIELD 4 PRODUCTION
+ 1976 3 197? 4 1978 1 1976 ¢ 1977 4 1976 4 976 t 1977 t 1978
a 19000 ACRES BUSHELS T9000 BUSHELS
‘
coos 7 4 5 23.0 2060 21.0 161 80 105
OEL ' 4 4 4 27.0 2540 25.0 108 100 100
GA G 95 95 110 22,0 2h ad 29090 19995 29530
Te ? 5 is 1621.00 2200 315 330 368
IND 1 10 v0 9 2300 2600 230 260 225
Towa ’ 5 4 5 28.0 29.0 M40 116 150
KANS : 8 10 15 1760 1860 136 180 315
KY 4 3 4 & 2060 2760 60 108 10a
rr) : 8 8 9 3000 2900 240 232 270
MICH 1 18 19 25 2600 2400 468 456 600
MINN : 105 84 98 19.5 2940 24068 29436 29352
“Oo ' 5 6 T 2100 2700 os 162 15
NEBR : 45 $0 $3 1700 aed 765 19050 19007
NJ t 8 9 ul 3000 29.0 240 261 253
NY ' 9 9 9 30003490 270 279 279
nu ' 20 au 20 1960 19.0 380 399 460
N OAK 8 ali 80 205 25.5 2620 20831 29080 60355
OHIO ‘ T 8 8 3000 3100 210 248 240
OKLA t 32 34 30-1900 1900 608 646 570
OREG ‘ 7 5 7 ed B50 168 125 175
Pa ’ 12 12 16 2660 310 ale 372 siz
sc 2 30 32 38 1720 2040 Slo 640 636
S$ DAK of 99 120 220 1500 200 49485 39480 69820
TENN ' 2 “2 2 2700 23.0 4 38
TEX ’ 27 2s 29° He 10d 378 400 406
vA ’ Vv ie v7 2600 2560 2500 264 350 425
WASH t 3 “3 3 2200 2000 2100 66 60 63
wis t 12 le 17-2400 2600 20 es2 364 357
wy 3 3 3 3 19401920 2200 37 8? 66
us ‘ vai 104 995 2067 2a = e349 952 179312 269160
ALASKA
AREA HARVESTED PRODUCTION
cROP sos 7 > 5 r
y976 ? 1977 + 1978 i976? 1977 ? y978 < 1976 7 W977 * 1978
TT ACRES BUSHELS 7,000 BUSHELS
OATS FOR GRAIN 2 300 400 600 40.9 «= 49.0 48.0 12.0 19.6 28.8

BARLEY FOR GRAIN : 1,300 2,600 4,000 51.5 48.5 37.5 67.0 126.0 150.0

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-14 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USOA



BARLEY

STATE 8 AREA HARVESTED A YIELO 1 PRODUCTION
t 1976 ¢ 1977 t j97a t 1976 | 1977 | ig7e + 4976 5 1977 1978
t 17000 ACRES BUSHELS 19000 BUSHELS
'
ARIZ ’ s7 55 35 76.0 7640-7100 49332 49180 29485
CALIF ot 1e010 950 950 56.0 © S640 = 44a = 569560 = 539200 © 452600
coo Ot 245 230 240 $500 5900 ee) 139475 = 139570 159360
EL : 25 22 Ps ey) er Sey) 19200 968 1,056
GA et 6 7 45.0 3760 270 259
IDAHO 800 940 930 431200 440180 = 559800
The ’ 10 9 T 400 378 as2
IND 1/t 9 8 378 320
KANS 4 68 738 40 20380 29808 29640
ky : 23 2s 23 851 1150 989
MD + 90 70 a5 4rahd 39430 30825
MICK ’ is 19 19 874 988 893
MINN : 860 19060 19050 350260 = 559080 = 514975
wo a 8 256 296
MONT ’ 19170 19430 19375 521065 = S20195 560375
NEBR 1 40 43 29 39449 14935 102
NEV 1 16 i9 20 864 19235 19200
Nu ' 20 i7 20 980 816 920
N MEX 24 26 2s ds2ee 49326 19425
NY ’ 9 10 do 396 440 420
nc ' 60 $5 $9 29340 20200 39009
NOAK 8 20160 29530 29650 819320 = 986701129700
OHIO) ot n n 10 572 56} 480
OKLA ’ 73 120 80 39066 47200 29720
OREG 3 160 190 195 74360 89930
Pa ’ 125 125 12s 50375 69250
sc ’ 20 2) ri9 720 840
S Dak ot 350 640 565 $9950 269880
TENN ’ 43 13 43 4a 507
TEX ' 52 85 40 0 20028 39600
UTAH ot 126 vis 131 $540 5400 S600 69930 69210
vA ’ 92 $2 JOl = 4800 4400) 5000 49616 49048
WASH ' 390 350 380 54.0 ©2700 6540 = 29060 99450
wVA 4 9 9 10 4240 4200 ed 376 378
wis ’ 32 29 27 40.0 $6.0 4900 49260 19866
wo ' 135 433 131 6260 5506 63-0 89370 Mes
vs t 89297 99564 99233 4409 4309 4804 = 372946) 4209159 4479008

U/ ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978

CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


POTATOES: HARVEST LOSS BY TYPE OF POTATOES, 1977-78 1/

STATE ANO YEAR ROUND REOS ROUND WHITES RUSSETS : ALL TYPES
THT PER ACRE *
coLo 1977: 2 37 35
1978 : a 2 21 21
DAKO 1977: 30 30
1978 : 31 31
MAINE 197 : 23 39 26
1978 : 23 27 24
MICH 1977 28 28 28
1978 : 28 35 32
MINN 1977 : 16 27 35 28
1978 : 22 28 35 32
NY 197: 28 28
1978 : 27 27
N DAK 1977: 25 26 27 26
1978 : 25 28 2 29
OREG 197 : 38 . 38
1978 : a 31 eT
PA 1977 : 33 33
1978 : 30 30
WASH 1977 : 2 31 31
1978 : 2/ 2 35 35
WIS 1977 : 24 23 30 26
1978 : 19 23 25 23
F FFTCTENT SAVP

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-23 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


WINTER WHEAT—TOP GROWTH AVAILABLE FOR GRAZING*
DECEMBER 1, 1978

NEBRASKA

COLORADO

NEW MEXico KANSAS

OKLAHOMA

TEXAS

GooD

BQ ran
HB Poor

“RELATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF TOP GROWTH AS
REPORTED BY FARM AND RANCH OPERATORS

USDA NEG. ESCS 3192-78 (12)

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-5 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


Changes in U. S. production between the December } forecast and final production have aver-
.
aged 9.08 ion boxes over the past 10 seasons, ranging from 560 thousand boxes in 968-69 to

FLORIDA FROZEN CONCENTRATED JUICE YIELD: The Florida all orange juice yield for 1978-79 is pro-
jected at 7.25 galTons o legree brix concentrate per box. The yield from the 1977-78 crop
was 1.23 gallons per box.

GRAPEFRUIT: The U. S. grapefruit crop is forecast at 70.9 million boxes (2.63 million metric
tons), 4 percent below last season. The Florida crop is expected to total 51.0

million boxes, unchanged from October 1, but down 1 percent from last season. Picking was active
during November. The Texas crop at 11.5 million boxes is unchanged from last month but is 3 per-
cent below the 1977-78 season, Although maturity continued to lag in some groves, movement is
well ahead of a year earlfer. Quality and appearance are very good and sizes continue to run
large. The Arizona crop, at 2.40 million boxes, is 17 percent below last year. The California
crop is forecast at 6.00 million boxes, 20 percent below the 1977-78 season. Texture and quality

are good but movement is stow,

LEMONS: Prospects in California and Arizona point to a crop of 26.0 million boxes (896 thousand
metric tons), virtually the same as last year, The Arizona forecast of 7.00 million
boxes is unchanged from last month but 23 percent above the 1977-78 crop. Harvest was active
during the month and is nearing full volume. Sizes are somewhat smaller than normal but market
acceptance is good. In California, the 19.0 million box crop is 7 percent less than was harvested
last season. The Central California crop harvest is just starting. Quality is good with heavier
sets in the northern section. In the southern area, picking should increase during December
Texture and quality are good. In the Desert area, fruit quality is showing some decay and cullage

is more than normal.

TANGELOS: The Florida tangelo crop is forecast at 3.80 million boxes (155 thousand metric tons),
6 percent above October 1 but 22 percent less than the 1977-78 season.

TANGERINES: The tangerine crop is expected to total 6.25 million boxes (248 thousand metric

tons), 2 percent more than was expected last month and 16 percent above 1977-78.
The Florida forecast of 3.90 million boxes is for that portion of the crop that reached a size
210 fruit per 4/5 bushel carton by December 1. The California forecast at 1.70 million boxes is
unchanged from last month but is 13 percent above last season. Quality and size are good, and
the fairchild variety from the Coachella Valley is in good demand, The Arizona forecast of 650
thousand boxes is unchanged from last month but 7 percent below last season.

TEMPLES: Florida temple production is forecast at 4.80 million boxes (196 thousand metric tons),
unchanged from October 1 but 2 percent below the 1977-78 crop.

SMALL GRAINS, RICE, ORY EDIBLE BEANS, AND FALL POTATOES

OATS: Oats production in 1978 is estimated at 601 million bushels (8.73 million metric tons),
20 percent jess than the 1977 crop of 751 million bushels (10.9 million metric tons),
but 10 percent above the 1976 crop. The smaller 1978 production was the result of fewer acres
being harvested and lower yields. Acres abandoned and used for purposes other than grain ac-
counted for 29.6 percent of the planted acres compared with 24.1 percent for the 1977 crop.
Yield per harvested acre averaged 52.2 bushels compared with 55.8 bushels a year earlier.

Oat plantings were delayed by wet conditions in the major producing areas putting develop-
ment and harvesting well behind normal. In South Dakota, seeding of most fields was not com-
pleted until the end of May, about ten days later than normal. North Dakota farmers finished
Planting oats by June 13, about 2 weeks behind the 1977 progress.

Soil moisture was excellent during most of the growing season. Hot, dry weather late in

the season provided very good harvesting conditions. By mid-September the crop was virtually
all harvested,

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-10 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


BARLEY:

CORN FOR GRAIN:

DRY EDIBLE BEANS:
FLAXSEED:
HAY:

OATS:

SORGHUM FOR GRAIN:

SOYBEANS:
WHEAT:

CROP_MARKETING SEASONS OF SPECIFIED FIELO CROPS

May 1 to April 30 for Arizona, Georgia, Oklahoma, South Carolina and Texas;
dune | to fi 31 for California, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Ken-
tucky, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia, July 1 to June 30 for
all other States.

August 1 to July 31 for Florida, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas; September 1 to
August_31 for Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, Georgia, Kan-
‘sas, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Caro-
lina, Tennessee and Virginia; October _1_ to September 30 for all other States.

September 1 to August 31 for all States.

May 1 to April 30 for Texas; July 1_to June 30 for all other States.

April _1_to March 31 for Arizona; May 1 to April 30 for Alabama, Arkansas, Cal~
TForntay Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky” Toutsiana, Mississippi, Missouri,
Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Utah and Virginia; June 1 to May 31 for all other States.

May 1 to fori 30 for Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Okla-
oma, Soul ‘arovina and Texas; June _1 to May 31 for Arkansas, California,
Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missourt, North hiro ina, Tennessee and Virginia;
duly 1 to June 30 for all other States.

July 1 to June 30 for Texas; August 1 to July 31 for Arizona and Oklahoma;
Se tener T to August 31 for ATabama, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Kansas,
Toutstana, Mississippl, Missouri, New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Tennessee and Virginia; October _] to September 30 for al] other States.

September 1 to August 31 for all States.

May 1_to sor 30 for Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missis-
sippi, ‘ahoma and Texas; June 1 to May 37 for Arkansas, California, Delaware,
I)linois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Tissouri, New Mexico, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia; July 1 to June 30 for all other States.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-20 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


AREA PLANTED, POTATOES

SEASONAL GROUP
AND
STATE

1976

1977

1978

WINTER
TOTAL 1/

SPRING
TOTAL 1/

SUMMER
TOTAL 1/

FALL
CALIF
COLO
CONN
TDAHO-10 SW CO
OTHER CO
IND
MAINE :
MASS :
MICH Hy
MINN :
MONT :
NEBR :
NEV :
NH 2s
N y-LONG IS
-UPSTATE
N DAK
OHIO :
OREG-MALHEUR CO:
“OTHER CO:
PA :
RI :
S DAK :
UTAH
VT :
WASH :
HIS :
WYO :

TOTAL

us

14.6

100.4

1,169.9
1,407.3

T,000 ACRES

13.6

92.8

18.7

we 88a oe
g Sees
Bobo o LON NOMbuoKanboSowoO OO

pao-onny
NBSromsBSs=SVB sawdtSuBos

1,172.4
1,397.5

13.0

91.9

a

&
RB, 8e e+

Swodted Begs

HOO@NUNSHONDOM SGHBOODMODOODOwWOwW

e we
nS pane BSss2RB

1,173.6
1,393.9

7 ESTIMATES FOR CURRENT YEAR CARRIED FORWARD FRON EARLIER FORECAST.
/ ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP,

ORY EDIBLE wEANS

“

CROP ANO STATE

AREA HARVESTED

PROOUCT IOW.
i

LARGE LIMA BEANS

AY CIMA Beans

BEANS OTHER THAN LIMAS.
CALIF

ORY EOLGLE BEANS
caLIF

é
t
‘
'
‘
‘
i
:
4
i
i
‘
:
i
’
i
‘
‘
H
i
t
:
ai
'

‘Ackes

310
2200

5.9
1049) Ls27909 1069000

ano

485 3 sas
aso 380 aa

o08 108 so
1,298 16279 170786 166610199137.

17 EXCLUDES BEANS GROWN FOR GARDEN SEED.
27 ILLINOIS AND INDIANA; ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978

CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


The U.S. corn harvest was 73 percent complete at the beginning of November, 5 points ahead
of last year and 10 points above the average. Harvest progress remained 10 to 12 points ahead
of previous years through November and by the 19th of the month 96 percent of the Nation's corn
was harvested, well ahead of 1977's 87 percent and the 88 percent average. None of the major
production areas experienced significant difficulties gathering the 1978 corn crop. By the time
snow began falling in extreme northern areas late in November, most corn was out of the field.

Grain sorghum harvest stood at 80 percent complete as November began. Among the 7 major
producing States only Colorado and Oklahoma, at 49 and 32 percent respectively, fell short of
the half-way mark. Combining advanced rapidly and by mid-November only Oklahoma and Texas had
significant acreage remaining for harvest. Combining was still underway at the end of the
month. Wet weather and the absence of freezing temperatures delayed the Texas harvest during
early November.

Soybean harvest also moved very rapidly, attaining 72 percent completion by the end of
October compared with 63 percent last year and 66 percent average. With generally clear weather
farmers maintained the fast harvest pace, and by November 6 harvest stood at 94 percent complete
in the North Central States. The South Central States also surpassed the harvest pace for recent
years and on the 6th reached 76 percent. Very few adverse conditions affected soybean com-
bining and by November 19 harvest was virtually finished in northern areas and had reached 93
percent in the South Central States. Drought-stressed soybeans in the Southeast matured early
and harvest advanced far ahead of recent years ranging by States from 74 to 90 percent complete
by the beginning of December. Early December rains bogged down harvests in several States
across the South but most farmers had already finished combining beans.

Cotton picking advanced very quickly in the 11 Southern States except in Texas and Oklahoma.
By mid-November picking reached nearly 90 percent from the Delta States eastward, while Oklahoma
stood at 15 percent complete and Texas 35 percent. Rainy weather part of the month and frostless
temperatures until late in November delayed harvest on the southern Plains. At the beginning of
December a heavy freeze defoliated most Texas and Oklahoma cotton stands and clear weather im-
proved harvest conditions. New Mexico harvest Tagged badly at 25 percent on December 1; in the
previous 10 years the lowest amount ginned by December 1 was 64 percent. Late November rains
stalled California cotton picking at 75 percent. Arizona cotton picking was almost complete
and farmers were preparing fields for planting.

WINTER WHEAT IMPROVED

Winter wheat seeding was virtually complete by the beginning of November and at 97 percent was
ahead of last year's 92 percent and the 96 percent average. The last States to finish were in the
North Central region. Rains in some areas of Texas also-slowed planting but overall progress ex-
ceeded recent years. Dry soils on the Great Plains and across the South limited top growth and
root development. The Great Plains began accumulating moisture early in November and later in
the month eastern areas of the Nation received significant precipitation. Northwest farmers dry-

seeded winter wheat anticipating the late-November rains which should establish good stands going
into the winter season.

Precipitation during November brought topsoil moisture up to adequate levels throughout the
Nation. Winter wheat responded to the soil moisture and rated fair to good on December 1. Snow
protected winter wheat on the Great Plains from Nebraska and Colorado northward. Kansas wheat
top growth was short and root development shallow although recent precipitation improved prospects.
Texas High and Low Plains wheat furnished fair to good grazing. Oklahoma wheat rated good and had
adequate soil moisture; cattle grazed 18 percent of the acreage. Rains, snow, and mild tempera-
tures in the Pacific Northwest improved wheat growing conditions.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-7 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA



NOVEMBER WEATHER SUMMARY

Rain during late November eased the dry conditions along the eastern slopes of the Appala-
chians from Virginia southward and brought a respite to the drought in the Southeast. The severe
drought in Oklahoma and Arkansas also ended during November as more than twice the normal rain
fell in those areas. Totals of 5 to 7 inches generally fell over the driest areas. Above-norma
precipitation soaked a wide area from Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas northeastward to the Western
Lakes area. Heavy snow accumulated over the northern Rockies, The snow line extended southward
jn the Plains through Nebraska. Temperatures were colder than normal in the Pacific Northwest,
the Plateau, most of California, and the Great Plains from Nebraska northward. Temperatures in
parts of Montana and Wyoming averaged 11 degrees colder than a normal November. The East and
South enjoyed warmer than normal weather.

November began with very dry conditions along the east slopes of the Appalachians from Vir-
ginia southward through the Southeast and in eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. The first
five days of the month brought no precipitation to these areas but parts of New Mexico and South-
west Texas were deluged with 3 to 5 inches of rain, Flooding on the Rio Grande resulted. Most of
the Nation averaged warmer than normal during this first week. Averages as much as 12 degrees
warmer than normal were noted throughout the Mississippi River Valley.

The second week of November, the 6th to 12th, saw some precipitation recorded in nearly all
of the U.S. An exception was in the very dry portion of south central and southeastern Georgia.
The other very dry areas had small amounts of rain. Heavy snow and strong winds followed by
record cold weather moved into Montana and plunged southward to Arizona. The cold outburst
brought sub-zero temperatures into Montana and the average for the week in that area dipped 12
degrees below normal. The Southwest and States east of the Rockies remained warmer than normal.

At mid-November, the 13th to 19th, an upper air disturbance in the Southwest kicked off a
series of storm systems that brought heavy rain from eastern Texas into Indiana. Totals of 2 to
5 or more inches fell in the very dry portions of eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. Else-
where, rain again dampened the east slopes of the Appalachians, lowering the fire danger there;
however, southern Georgia and most of Florida had no rain. The cold air enveloped all of the West
and only the area east of the Great Plains averaged warmer than normal.

From November 20 to 26, another upper air disturbance moved southward along the Pacific Coast
and into the Southwest. Rain, some heavy, moved through California and into the Southwest. Else-
where, heavy rain occurred from central Texas along the Gulf Coast to southern Alabama. For the
second consecutive week, the area from southern Missouri through the western Ohio Valley accumu-
lated over 2 inches of rain. The southeastern quadrant was again rainless. Warmer air pushed
back into the Southwest leaving only the northern half of the States colder than normal as below
zero readings in Montana averaged twenty-one degrees below normal.

During the last four days of the month rain brought very welcome relief to the dry areas
along the Appalachians and the Southeast. General rains of over an inch covered the Appalachians
and more than 2 inches were quickly absorbed in southern Georgia and northern Florida, extending
northward to eastern North Carolina. Heavy accumulations of rain were recorded throughout the
South, the Mississippi Valley, and the southern Lakes area. Colder than normal air moved eastward
into the Plains. Snowcover extended southward in the Plains through Nebraska.

ROW CROPS HARVESTED EARLY

Harvests of corn, soybeans and grain sorghum were well advanced at the beginning of November
and remained ahead of both last year and the average through the month. Most of the Nation's
feed grain and soybean production areas enjoyed exceptionally good harvest weather. Winter's
first storm found virtually all of the soybeans and grain sorghum harvested, as well as most
of the corn. Cotton picking advanced rapidly in the Delta States and the Southeast but rains
and a late freeze delayed the harvest pace in the western production areas. Texas, Oklahoma
and New Mexico cotton harvests lagged far behind last year and average.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 * A-6 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


AREA PLANTEO © 1976*78

' Oats 17 ( BARLEY 17 1 ALL WHEAT
STATE — TT tT —T T T T T TT
(i976) 1977 1 4978 | 97%6 1 1977 _ 4 1978 | 1976 4 1977 | 1978
T1000 ACRES
1
ALA 1 90 92 92 140 435 130
ARIZ ‘ 6s 62 42 440 147 165
ARK ' 6S 85 80 7L0 82s 400
CALIF 1 385 400 380 «= 10200 1S0)=— 49200 3.0 150 915 770
COLO 4 116 a5 121 275 280 280 «39150 = 34030 29950
DEL ! 4 34 33 ae 40 - 32
FLA ' 33 33 4 9 19 vv
Ga } 160 330 135 7 9 4) 150 135 160
JOAHO ' 60 06 65 810-1400 950 198751330 10360
IL. 1 43s 390 400 al 10 2019900» 19650 1p 080
IND 4 250 200 220 12 9 4/ 19550-19350 900
TOWA 1 19700 4965019800 145 15
KANS: + 250 285 170 80 90 72 120900 139260 114300
KY ' 42 36 36 35 39 37 450 380 a
ta ' 19 ig 4/ 45 50 49
MAINE nl 3e 338 39 °
' a7 a7 268 103 100 105 150
MICH 4 420 400 390 20 1 20 880
WINN {29300 20530 29 50 680) e600 19070 4 AS
MISS 1 30 30 4 150
“oO ' 2io 220 80 lo 0 ay 20025
MONT ' 260 a2 400 = 1922019550 = 19500) 59580
NEBR + 859 840 600 45 “7 3320-34400
NEV ' 10 13 Ay 8 a 2a 34
No ! i 10 9 “2 40 39 63
N MEX ' 32 35 33 $28
NY ' 360 340 380 10 iw i 165
La ' 175 170 185 13 67 70 27s
N DAK 1 16320 1090019350 28200 2pG¥0 = 29500) 4.9930
OHIO 1° 580 460 440 43 i3 19700
OKLA 1 230 280 260 85 140 100-7800
OREG ' 130 t4o 130 180 210 200 © 19370
PA 1 390 390 360 140 135, 135 31s
s¢ ‘ 140 ii? 135 25 24 27 138
$ DAK 1 20560 92092020570 580 680 600 = - 39950
TENN ‘ loz ioe 96 28 2 22 365
TEX 1 19330 19450 19800 7s 150 2110 69500
UTAR t 22 eo al 1s1 144 148 300
vA t 6S 15 82 110 1s 123 275
Wash ' a2 78 r 400 420 400 = 3285
WA ' i9 1 18 10 10 ih 13
WIS 1 19650 1927019250 35 31 28 98
WYO ' 70 “75 cat 146 150 145 370
f
us 4 160734 179732 169385 9o1S7 = 100621 99987 800202 755119 669094
T

SEE FOOTNOTES. ON PAGE G8

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-6 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


PECANS: U.S. production of pecans is forecast at 206 million pounds (93.3 thousand metric tons),
down 3 percent from October 1 and 13 percent below last year's crop. Prospects declined

in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida, while more pecans are in prospect for Arkansas

and South Carolina.

In Georgia, harvest is later than normal due to the extreme drought that slowed shuck —
opening. There is considerable variability in quality. In Texas, harvest was delayed by mid-
November rains. Yields have been low and nut size small, especially on Natives, as a result of
dry weather during the growing season. Some areas of the State were particularly hard hit by
pecan weevil and casebearer infestations.

Harvest is behind schedule in most States and quality is variable.

PAPAYAS: Hawaii papaya production during December is forecast at 4.60 million pounds (2090 metric

tons), a decrease of 11 percent from November's estimated production. The November pro-
duction at 5.18 million pounds (2350 metric tons) is 14 percent below October's production, The
decline is partly attributable to heavy rains which deteriorated field conditions. Disease prob-
Jems on the Island of Hawaii contributed to the expected decline in December production. The
downturn is expected to continue through the first quarter of next year with production in January
at 4.40 million pounds (2000 metric tons), February 4.00 million pounds (1810 metric tons), and
March 3.90 million pounds (1770 metric tons).

Despite the drop in production, November's total area in crop at 3220 acres (1300 hectares)
was up 20 acres from October and 125 acres more than November last year. Of November's total area
in crop, 69 percent or 2230 acres (900 nectares) was narvested.

PASTURE AND RANGE FEED: Pasture and range feed condition for the 37 States reporting on

December 1 was 70 percent, 2 points below a year earlier, but 6 points
above the 64 percent on December 1, 1976.

Good to excellent conditions prevailed in the far West and much of the northern half of the
Nation, Very poor to fair conditions were dominant from Colorado to the Atlantic Coast. Drought
conditions were reported in large areas of Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama,
Georgia, South Carolina and Florida. Supplemental feeding is needed in those States as well as
in snow-blanketed areas of the West and North Central States.

oe tek ae ee a

* Freezing temperatures prevailed in the citrus areas of California during the nights of Decem- *

* ber 6th and 7th. There is some damage but the extent is not known at this time. The Decem- *
*

* ber 1 forecast does not reflect freeze losses after December |.
tee oe ee ek

ORANGES: U. S. orange production for the 1978-79 season is forecast at 215 million boxes (8.50

million metric tons), 2 percent less than last season. Florida prospects at 167 million
boxes are unchanged from the October 1 forecast and are virtually the same as last season. Early
and mid-season varieties forecast at 95.0 million boxes are 8 percent above the 1977-78 crop while
the Valencia crop at 72.0 million boxes is down 9 percent. Harvest of early oranges in Florida is
progressing at a slightly slower pace than last year due to later maturity. Most of the early
utilization has been for fresh market. Shipping and holding quality has been very good. Harvest
picked up momentum by December 1 as more processing plants opened. Labor supplies are adequate in
most locations.

California production is forecast at 38.0 million boxes, the same as last month but 10 percent
less than last season. Navel production is set at 21.0 million boxes, 5 percent above the 1977-78
crop. The Valencia crop is placed at 17.0 million boxes, 23 percent below last season. The Navel
quality through December 1 was excellent. Color and size were good and picking was active.

Texas orange prospects at 6.90 million boxes are up 5 percent from last month and 13 percent
above last season. Harvest is gaining momentum, but movement is behind last year.

In Arizona, orange production is forecast at 3.50 million boxes, 6 percent below last season.
Harvest of early variety oranges was active during November.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-9 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


WINTER WHEAT

STATE tt AREA HARVESTED : £40 4 PRODUCTION
t 4976 ¢ _4977_& 1976 ¢ 1976 ¢ 1977 ¢ 1978 ¢ 1976 1977 & 1978
’ 19000 ACRES BUSHELS 19000 BUSHELS
1
ALA ’ es 65 2700 280 2600 29s20
ARIZ. 5 we 47 75407208 30960
ARK ’ 630 300 3900 259740
CALIF ' 860 600 419600
colo” tay ab0 29400 569100
EL : 40 28 19050
FLA ’ 14 a2 377
a ' is 120 39300
DAKO ’ 890 815 329370
TUL + 19850 930 679510
IND ' 1y500 815 559800
Iowa it 330 55 49033
KaNS 2 229300 100200 3449850
KY ’ 330 19s 100138
wy ' 23 7 eso
MO ’ 138 108 49320
“ICH ot 870 450 339000
MINN 8 163 38 39465
MISS. 1 120 65 39570
40 $ 15760 840 681640
MONT ' 39080 29700 619200
NEBR ot 29950 29550 1039250
NEV ' 1g ul 960
NJ ‘ 85 33 19302
NMER 8 248 2968 8084)
NY : 47s 15 0 69825
nec ' 240 180 3000 69000
N DAK ’ 135 435 2340 29392
OHIO ' 19600 20125 4760 729380
OKLA = tt 69300 59400 2700 1759500
OREG ’ 10220 deloo 39.0 450240
PA ' 300 205 3340 89920
se ‘ 12e5 78 2920 20785
$ OAK 970 790 2500 179000
TENN 1 300 220 3600 109060
TEX t 4700 29700 25.0 1179500
utah ’ 222 167 2360 49160
va ’ 240 iss 3160 69355
WASH = 824885 20600 3400 959200
wVA 8 ih 9 3100 310
wis 1 64 33 4320 29560
“vo : 295 275 He 2000S #080 59200
vs 1 499460 489664 = 389909 Be 3206 3a 195599923 195370113 1Le2eGe2T72
CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-12 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


CROP PRODUCTION (Gees

Released: December 8, 1978 Economics, Statistics, &

3:00 P.M. ET Cooperatives Service

US. Department
of Agriculture

Washington, D.C.
20250

HIGHLIGHTS

All_cotton production is forecast at. 10.7 million bales, down 3 percent
from the November 1 forecast and 26 percent below the 1977
production. The 90 percent confidence interval for this
production forecast is 10.4 to 11.0 million bales.

Burley tobacco production is forecast at 623 million pounds (282 thousand
metric tons), up slightly from the November 1 forecast and 1
percent above the 1977 production.

Citrus production is expected to total 13.9 million tons (12.6 million
metric tons), 2 percent less than last season.

Orange production is forecast at 215 million boxes (8.50 million metric
tons), 2 percent below last season.

Grapefruit production is expected to total 70.9 million boxes (2.63 mil-
lion metric tons), 4 percent less than the 1977-78 crop.

Fall potato production is estimated at a record 319 million cwt. (14.5
million metric tons), 1 percent above the November 1 forecast
and 4 percent above the 1977 crop.

CrPr 2-2 (12-78) For Information Call: (202) 447-2127


The crop developed slower than last year but maintained good condition in most areas. Wild
oats in North Dakota, Hessian fly in South Dakota and dry weather in Idaho appeared as problems
during early summer but generally favorable conditions prevailed for maturing the crop. Harvest-
ing started in South Dakota in late July, much later than normal. High temperatures during Aug-
ust pushed harvesting to near normal progress. In the Pacific Northwest, rains during September
delayed harvest and caused some sprout damage to grain remaining in the field. 8y October 1,
Montana and Idaho growers still had 10 percent of the crop to harvest, while Washington and Oregon
producers were nearing completion.

QURUM WHEAT: There were 133 million bushels (3.63 million metric tons) of durum wheat produced in

1978, 67 percent more than last year's 80.0 million bushels (2.18 million metric
tons) and about 1.5 million bushels less than the record high 1976 crop. There were 4.02 million
acres harvested (1.63 million hectares) compared with 3.03 million acres (1.22 million hectares)
last year. Yields averaged a record high 33.) bushels per acre, up 6.7 bushels from last year and
3.7 bushels greater than the 1976 yield.

Seeding of the 4.11 million acres (1.66 million hectares) was delayed in northern States by
wet weather, but.by late June the crop was progressing well although behind normal. Harvesting
got underway in northern areas later than normal but dryer weather during late August aided pro-
gress. In Arizona, harvest was past the peak by early July but grain lodged in some areas giving
lower yields. Rains in mid to late September delayed the finish of harvest in extreme northern
areas.

RYE: Growers produced 26.2 million bushels (664 thousand metric tons) of rye in 1978. This is

51 percent larger than last year's 17.3 million.bushels (440 thodsand metric tons) and 75
percent larger than the small 1976 crop. Production came from 995 thousand acres (403 thousand
hectares), 41 percent greater than 1977's 704 thousand acres (285 thousand hectares). The aver~
age yield of 26.3 bushels per harvested acre compares with 24.6 bushels last year. The five
States of Georgia, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota and South Dakota produced over 70 percent of
the Nation’s rye in 1978.

Farmers increased rye seedings for the 1978 crop by 13 percent over 1977 to 2.99 million
acres {1.21 million hectares). Rye seeding started near normal in the fall of 1977 with adequate
soil moisture in most major producing areas, but continual wet weather during October delayed
seeding in parts of the Midwest. In southeastern areas, early plantings were delayed by dry
soils. Improved moisture conditions during October and November allowed plantings to proceed with
fields showing good stands.

The crop came out of dormancy in good condition and soil moisture in the Great Plains was
generally adequate during the growing season, As of June 1, 1978, crop maturity was behind
normal due to a cooler than usual spring. Harvesting got underway later than normal in Georgia,
but neared completion by July 1. Warm, dry weather in North Dakota in late July and August pro-
vided excellent harvest weather and harvest was 93 percent complete by mid-August, much ahead of
last year and average.

RICE: Production of rice in 1978 totaled a record high 138 million hundredweight (6.25 million

metric tons), 39 percent more than the previous year's 99.2 million hundredweight (4.50
million metric tons) and 19 percent larger than the 1976 crop. Harvested acreage, also a record
high, amounted to 3.06 million acres (1.24 million hectares), 36 percent larger than the 1977
acreage of 2.25 million acres (910 thousand hectares). Yields averaged 4508 pounds per acre,
93 pounds more than last year but 158 pounds less than in 1976. Yields improved in the five
southern States from Tast year but declined in California.

Long grain rice production totaled 88.0 million hundredweight (3.99 million metric tons),
42 percent larger than a year ago. Of the two Jargest Jong grain producing States, Arkansas in-
creased 52 percent while Texas increased 13 percent from last year. Growers of medium grain rice
produced 37.5 million hundredweight (1.70 million metric tons). Louisiana growers increased pro-
duction of medium grain 19 percent while California became the largest producer with a 94 percent
increase from last year. Short grain production of 12.2 million hundredweight (555 thousand
metric tons) increased 14 percent with California, the major short grain producer, increasing 7
percent.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-12 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


BARLEY: The 1978 production of barley totaled 447 million bushels (9.73 million metric tons),
6 percent above 1977 and 20 percent above 1976. The increase in the 1978 crop was the
result of record yields per acre offsetting fewer acres harvested for grain.

Acreage harvested for grain is estimated at 9.23 million acres (3.74 million hectares), 3
percent below the 9.56 million acres (3.87 million hectares) harvested in 1977. Yield per har-
vested acre averaged a record 48.4 bushels, 4.5 bushels above last year and 2.6 bushels above
the previous record high set in 1971.

Spring planting in the major producing areas of the Dakotas, Minnesota, Montana, and Idaho
was delayed by the wet, cool weather. After seeding, soil moisture supplies were generally ade-
quate to plentiful resulting in favorable growing conditions. The harvest season was marked by
warm, dry weather which enabled growers to harvest the crop without difficulty

In Montana, growing conditions were generally favorable with the exception of severe hail
damage in localized areas. North Dakota farmers experienced good growing and harvest conditions
and by mid-September harvest was complete.

ALL WHEAT: U. S. growers produced 1.80 billion bushels (49.0 million metric tons) of wheat in

1978, 12 percent less than last year's 2.04 billion bushels (55.4 million metric
tons). The crop was harvested from 56.8 million acres (23.0 million hectares), 14 percent less
than a year ago. Yields averaged 31.6 bushels per acre, 1.0 bushel more than last year.

WINTER WHEAT: Production of 1.25 billion bushels (34.0 million metric tons) of winter wheat in

1978 was 19 percent less than the 1977 crop of 1.54 billion bushels (41.8 million
metric tons). Farmers harvested 38.9 million acres (15.7 million hectares), 20 percent less than
in 1977, Average yield of 32.1 bushels was a half bushel better than a year ago

Growers seeded 47.7 million acres (19.3 million hectares) for the 1978 crop, a 15 percent
decline from the previous year. By early October 1977, seeding in the major producing States had
passed the halfway point, ahead of 1976 and the average. Rains during October delayed planting
in part of the Great Plains and Missouri, I]linois and Indiana. Wheat stands were rated good
throughout the country going into the winter except in Texas where dryland fields in the Plains
lacked adequate moisture for growth

On June 1, 1978 the crop rated good to excellent in most Plains States and thie Pacific
Northwest but rated only fair to good in the Corn Belt States, Plants lagged the usual develop-
ment in many areas.

Winter wheat made good progress to maturity although lagging last year's early maturity pro-
gress. Hot, dry winds in parts of Kansas and Nebraska about mid-June turned wheat very quickly.
Favorable harvest weather moved into the Plains States in early July and allowed rapid cutting
in the central and southern plains as well as other southern States. By August 1, harvest was
virtually complete except for the Pacific Northwest and extreme northern areas which are normally

ater,

OTHER SPRING WHEAT: Production of other spring wheat totaled 417 million bushels (11.4 million

metric tons) compared with last year's 419 million bushels (11.4 million
metric tons). Growers harvested 13.9 million acres (5.63 million hectares), 6 percent less than
Jast year's 14.8 million acres (5.98 million hectares). Yields averaged 30.0 bushels per har-
vested acre compared with 28.4 last year and were the second highest of record.

Growers seeded 14.3 million acres (5.77 million hectares), down 9 percent from a year earli-
er. Seeding was delayed by wet weather in the majo northern States, and a significant acreage
was seeded after June 1.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-11 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


FARM MARKETINGS OF FIELD CROPS, UNITED STATES, 1976-77 TO 1977-78
PERCENT OF OPEN MARKET FARM SALES, BY MONTHS

CROP MARKETING SEASON

MONTH

TS77-78

1577-78. 1976-77

: 1977-78: 1976-77

1976-7

PERCENT

quyoounnedan
Nag sourrinsd

FLAXSEED

att MONDRAOAR

SSgsHmanicaads

TOMOHATHOWNOMe

BARLEY

HAY

AanonantNeeron
BsinddGronsug

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

YEAR

100.0

100.0

100.0

YEAR

utotseoncoma
Nwewendndeda

COTTON

MeEnneMonnanaa
Hoeasnonecuns

CORN

MREMmMorneTamaaae

ANNoigdaGinds HHH

100.0

100.0

YEAR

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

YEAR

CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA

B-19

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978



ORY EDIBLE BEANS® PHODUCTION BY COMMERCIAL: CLASSES
MUUSAND “HUNDREOME EGHT

, Ben Hl nosital, | ae fl Fuat SHALL 1
STATE EAN “wit Ti PINT!
i976 7 ste 1976 t 1976 7 ont T1978 1 1976 t a 1 1976 1 1976 1 raga T1978 1 1976 1 aa 1 1978
T
CaLiF J 260 360 136 o o °
COLO. ' 63 LeZeZ 19526
IDAHO t 420 387 5i3 ael?? 78S 19138
ANS. ' iso 162192
MICH 1 49665 4684 5958) ile 65
MINN 18 7 175 360 ‘ ° @ 2600 an
MONT ‘ 3 3 3 167 b2)
NEBR i 19275 e140 16280 665897
N OAK 1 63 150270 3 19063. 946
UTAH t 2 2
WASH ‘ ao 9 “3 6 9 9 450 1
wo 1 6 te 39046
OTH STS 1/1
us 4 40846 S209 GyZth Be 767 329 239 ig 6 LZ @ S792. 4e3t7 64530
T
=
{ HED f t t
i IONEY PINK 1 MALL Ri i CAANGERRY {sack TURTLE soup
1976 1 1977 7 1978 11976 T 1977 | 1978 | 1976 7 1977 | 1978 1 1976 1977 | 1978 1 1976 1 1977 1 1978
T
CALIF ' 671 663 980 193 14 202
TOaHo ‘ 49 102 io 708 Sez as 240 189 a3
MICH ’ 282 230 361 237 390 29 0 a7 57
MINN 1 Fy 0 0 0 0 o Q ° °
NEBR ' “oO 30 is
NY f 268 260 us 7 62 7s
WASH i} 82 7 50 7 16 Leo
OTH STS vl 10550
us 140377 10265 19757 990 793 437 305 353 287 390 ne is? 109 432
T
' —
1 1 ' BLACKEVE® i) t t
1 sane Lima 1 BABY LIMA t CALL 4 GARBANZO i OTHER 1 TOTAL.
PYSTETISTINAGI® § 1971197711970 | LDTOLADTIIIDIO | 1DTEIISTTILSIO TSTENISTITISTS. 1976 TV I97F 1 STE
—T
CALIF 1522 S60 436 378 475 489 607 800 745 «= #6 $3 O03 222 e188
colo JS 2 2 * 15530
IDAHO. 1 64 160 Ale 2,494
ANS ' 192.
MICH ' 50 48 20 red
MINN ( 0 lf $92
MONT 4 3 10 le 126
NEBR ' 19907
NY 1 si 30 EJ 426
DAK t 1 0 "4 19243
UTAH ‘ ES
WASH 1 1 to « 486.
vO 1 “a7
OTH Sts 1/1 : °
'
vs 1 522 540 434 378 475 489 607 890 745 46 63 680 275 313 339% 379786 169620 199117
17 ILLINOIS AND INDIANA.
CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-18 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA



COTTON: -All cotton production is forecast at 10.7 million bales (480 lbs. net weight) as of

December 1, 3 percent below the November 1 forecast and 26 percent below 1977. Expected
production consists of 10.6 million bales of Upland cotton and 83.1 thousand bales of American-
Pima. Cottonseed production in 1978, based on a three year average lint-seed ratio, is forecast
at 4.13 million tons (3.75 million metric tons), 25 percent below 1977.

Growers expect to harvest 12.3 miJlion acres (4.97 million hectares) of all cotton this year,
7 percent below 1977 and virtually unchanged from the November 1 estimate. Average lint yield per
harvested acre is forecast at 418 pounds, 102 pounds below 1977.

Texas and Oklahoma Upland cotton production is forecast at 3.97 million bales for 1978, a
decrease of one-third from last year and unchanged from the November 1 forecast. The crop has
reached maturity, but a late freeze and unfavorable weather have delayed harvesting activities.
As of December 3, only 42 percent of the 1978 Texas cotton crop had been harvested; this compares
with the average progress of 73 percent harvested by the same date, and last year's fast pace of
92 percent completed.

In the Delta States-Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Missouri-the cotton crop
‘is expected to produce 2.94 million bales, 23 percent below 1977, but 1 percent above the
November 1 forecast. Harvest activity is practically complete with only late fields and scrapping
operations remaining. Rain delayed final harvesting.

Production in the southeastern States ~ Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, and North Carolina
- is expected to total 550 thousand bales, up 6 percent from 1977 and up 1 percent from the
November 1 forecast. Harvest has reached the final stage but has been interrupted by rain.

The California, Arizona, and New Mexico Upland crop is forecast at 3.15 million bales, 22
percent below last year and 9 percent below the November 1 forecast. Harvest has progressed very
slowly as cool wet weather has hampered crop maturity and harvesting activity. California is ex-
periencing the poorest yields in 25 years.

The Bureau of the Census reports 6,677,853 running bales ginned to December 1 compared with
31,710,550 bales ginned to the same date in 1977 and 7,657,829 bales in 1976.

U.S. All Cotton
December 1 Forecast as Percent of Final Production

% of Finat

8
4

100 \

98 4
06 pod

1967 1969, 1971 1973 1975 1977
om tn te mn

BURLEY TOBACCO: Production of burley tobacco is forecast at 623 million pounds (282 thousand met-

. ric tons), up fractionally from the November 1 estimate and 1 percent above the
Previous year's production. Yield per acre is expected to average 2402 pounds, up from the 2298
pounds realized in 1977, Burley tobacco auctions opened November 20. The first week of auctions
was marked by higher prices and an improved quality over the previous year. Demand for burley
was not quite as strong during the second week of the auction but quality remained about the same
as opening week.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-8 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


E AREA HARVESTED YIELO 4 PRODUCTION
19761 (4977 8 1978 1 t976 T1977 | teTa tCeTe Ff 977 4 978
st ~~‘ 1y00T ACRES ~  SUSKERS $9000 BUSHELS
4
ALA ) 2 2s 30 4000 926
ARK : $5 $0 55 %
CALIF ot 100 106 106
COLO ’ 0 3 40
FLA 8 42 i2
Ga ' 60 $5 6s
TOAHO ot 43 45 49
THe ' 380 340 27s
IND ‘ 200 150 165
Towa tt 49800 1380 19450
KANS ot 200 210 20
KY t to 9
La va) 9 7
MAINE 8 28 30 36
TMD ’ 22 22 23
MICH ' 385 30 360
MINN ‘ 29060 27380 40830
MISS 1/8 i3 13
oy ' 136 145 3s
WONT 8 157 1éo 208
NEBR ’ 660 160 450
NEY Ast 3 6
Nu ‘ 8 9 8
NY ) ais 290 300
nc ' 80 1s 95
NDAK & = 19180 12500 30220
OHIO ot 50 420 400
OKLA ' 105, 130 “9S
OREG it 70 80 70
Pa ' 355 350 340
sc ' 5 $s 75
SOAK § = 196280 20450 20210
TENN ’ 5 “3s 2
TEX ' 390 600 430
UTAH 8 lz jo 12
vA ’ 31 oy 36
WASH ot 35 35 30
ast 1 abe is 3
MIS ' . yi To 40320
WYO 1 - §3 - 45 aa) 10
us #110966 43945219531 8 7509901 6010477

24 ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-9 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA




RICE

AREA HARVESTED : YIELD PRODUCTION
STATE 7 + 7 7
yore} 1977 wre} 1978 1977, ¢ 1978: 1976 «+ 1977 * 1978
7,000 ACRES POUNDS 7,000 ONT
LONG GRAIN RICE
ARK 696.0 690.0 976.0 4,675 «4,125 4,425 «32,538 28,463 43,188
LA 207.0 174.0 238.0» 3/890 «3.625 «33850 += 8052S 6,308 9, 163
MISS 143:0 109.0 213.0 47200» 4000» 43250 ©6006 © 47360-9052
"0 9:0 14.0 28.0 47100 ©3675 4.300 369 515 13208
TEX 476.0 480.0 538.0 4,850 © 42700 «4725 «23,086 += 22,560 287421
us 1,531.0 1,467.0 1,993.0 4,576 4,240 «4,417 ~—«-70,057 «62,206 88,028
MEDIUM GRAIN RICE
ARK 131.0 128.0 161.0 5,125 4,700» 4,725 = 6,714 +6018 -—7,607
CALIF 264.0 140.0 299.0 5342551775 «= 53250 «147322 «83085157698
LA 361.0 301.0 349.0 33920-35700» 33800» 14,151 «11137135262
MISS 1:0 2.0 2:0 47175 = Jo00 «a? 300 42 20 86
) 5.0 3.0 16 © 43375 = 338004750 219 14 16
TEX 320-200 20.0200» 8000025 «1,384 BAO 805
us 794.0 595.0 832.6 4,634 «4,415 4,508 «36,792 26,272 37,534
SHORT GRAIN RICE
ARK 20.0 19.0 33.0 5,550 4,825 5,075 1,110 97 (1,675
CALIF 135.0 168.0 200.0 5,700 «5.850 «51275 73695 9,828 107550
0 0.4 47500 18
us : 185.0 187.0 233.4 5,681 «5,748 «5,288 8 BOS. «10,788 12,243
: ALL RICE
ARK : 847.0 837.0 1,170.0 4,770 4,230 4,480 ©0362 «35,396 52,470
CALIF : 3990 308,0 "4990 «53520 53810 «5,260 = 22,017 «17913 26,248
LA 568.0 475,0 587.0 37910 «3,670 © 35820 «22203-17445 22°425,
MISS + V4h0 -111,0 21510-47200» 43000.-S «43250 «= 65048«=S 4744092138
0 : 140 17.0 30:0 43200 © -3;700« 4330 588 629 1,298
TEX + 608.0 507.0 $58.0 4,810» 43670 +43 700 «S 24,430 «23,400 267.226
us 1 2,480.0 2,249.0 3,059.0 4,663 © 4,412.«««4,505 «115,648 99,223 137,805

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-15 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


DECEMBER 1, 1978

5a

a
SJ < {
BNW

BS

DA

PASTURE AND RANGE FEED CONDITIONS *

2 Good to excellent

Ed Poor to fair

© very poor

IRQ Severe droughe >

GHY Extreme drought nS REPORTED BY
BEB Not estimated (CHOP CORRESPONDENTS

* INDICATES CURRENT SUPPLY OF PASTURE FEED FOR GRAZING ON NON- IRRIGATED PASTURES AND

RANGES RELATIVE TO THAT EXPECTED FROM EXISTING STANDS UNDER VERY FAVORABLE WEATHER
CONDITIONS,

usoa,

NEG. ESCS 3191-78 (12)

PASTURE AND RANGE FEED CONDITIONS”
I December 1, 1977
J

es
4 os

sed,

CJ Goad to excetient
33 Poor to fair

Very poor

ERD Severe drought
AS REPORTED BY
(CROP CORRESPONDENTS

BRB Extreme drought
WET, Not Estimated

|* INDICATES CURRENT SUPPLY OF PASTURE FEED FOR GRAZING ON NON-IRRIGATED PASTURES ANO
RANGES RELATIVE TO THAT EXPECTED FROM EXISTING STANDS UNDER VERY FAVORABLE WEATHER

CONDITIONS,

US. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. SRS 16-7712)

STATISTICAL REPORTING SERVICE

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-4 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


CITRUS FRUIT v7

' PROOUCTION 1 PRODUCTION
cROP i BOXES i TOW EQUIVALENT
AND — UTILIZED TINOTCATEDS UTILIZED t
STATE ¥Y976077_ 1 1977-78 3 1978979 1197-77 1 1977-7841 1978979
t Ts000 UNITS 27 ~ —T000 UNITS
ORANGES sEARLY MID & NAVEL 3/3
R ' 800 820 800 30 3h 30
CALIF $ 259600 = 209000219000 960 750 788
FLA # 1159000 = 8s300 95000 5917S 31974 4275
TEX i "9350 39850 49300 18s 164 183
us $ 1459750 1129970 1219100 69350 49919 59276
ORANGES» VALENCIA :
ARIZ t 30150 29900 29700 118 109 101
CALIF 4 199700 = 220000 © 174000 739 a2s 638
FLA & The600 = 799500 = 729000 30234 39578 39240
TEX ‘ i 24550 24250 29600 108 96 a
us i 1060650 = 94300 49196 41608 41096
ALL ORANGES i .
ARIZ i 39720 3+500 148 140 132
CALIF i 429000 389000 19699 19575 1,426
FLA i 167*800 = 1676000 86406 70552 515
TEX a 69100 69900 293 260 294
vs TF 242950 2199620 2159400 109546 99527 9, 366
TEMPLES i
FLA i 34800 49900 49800 in 2a. 216
GRAPEFRUIT WHITE SEEULESS
FLA 4 294900 = 289700 © 289000 we27 19220 19190
GRAPEFRUIT,PINK SEEOLESS =
FLA 1 129500 49300, 139000 531 608 553
GRAPEFRUIT, OTHER 1
FLA i 99100 8400 «=: 409000 387 387 425
ALL GRAPEFRUIT i Ny
ARIZ i 3,000 2+900 \ 29400 96 93 7
CALIF t
OESERT % 44500 49300 39500 146 138 we
OTHER AREAS # 39200 39200 29500 107 107 a4
TOTAL i 7700 79500 69000 251 245 196
Fua 2 516500 = 534400 = 519000 29189 26185 26168
TEX i 12940049900 4 9S00 496 476 460
vs 1 7249600 = 730700 © 700900 30032 29999 2690)
TANGERINES i
ARIZ ' 650 700 690 24 26 24
CALIF i 1.820 19500 19700 68 36 o4
FLA i 36300 3200 39900 is7 192 185
vs i $6770 59400 ée250 209 234 273.
LEMONS i
ARIZ # 54000 59700 79000 190 au7 266
CALIF 1 219000 = 200400199000 798 TIS Tez
us i 26,000 «= 262100 26 0000 968 992 988
TANGELOS 1
FLA $ 4800 41900 39800 216 2zi 7h

1/ THE CROP YEAR BEGINS WITH THE GLOOM OF THE FIRST YEAR
SHOWN AND ENOS WITH YEAR HARVEST 1S COMPLETED.

2/ NET LBS PER BOX? ORANGES-CALIF & ARIZ=759FLA=904
TEX=851 GRAPEFRUIT=CALIF DESERT & ARIZ=66 CALIF
OTHER=67¢ FLATBS? TEX*805 LEMONS@765 TANGELOS &
TEMPLES*908 TANGERINES= CALIF & ARIZ=759 FLA=95,

3/ NAVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS VARIETIES IN CALIFORNIA AND
ARIZONAs EARLY ANO MIDSEASON VARIETIES IN FLORIOA ANO
TEXAS» INCLUDING SMALL QUANTITIES OF TANGERINES IN
TEXAS,

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-2 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


PASTURE AND RANGE FEED CONDITION 1/

STATE 9: (1977

1978 STATE: 1977 1978
: PERCENT PERCENT
ALA : 70 51
ARIZ : 66 79
ARK : 2 60
CALIF : 38 83
cOLo : 65 60
DEL : 81 79
FLA 65 62
GA 65 38
IDAHO : 72 83
ILL : 86 79
IND : 90 85
IOWA : 83 81
KANS : 86 67
KY : 90 83
LA : 72 59
MD : 77 67
MISS : 74 49
nO 86 2B
MONT : n 89

EXTREME DROUGHT, UNDER 35,

AVAILABLE WHEAT PASTURE - DECEMBER 1, 1978

7 PERCENT OF SEEDED WHEAT —> 7 ACRES OF WHEAT PASTURE

: PERCENT OF SEEDED WHEAT

1 WITH SUFFICIENT GROWTH : REQUIRED TO CARRY A

STATE : TO_PASTURE BEING PASTURED i 400 POUND CALF.

H 2 DEC 1977 : A A mr

: PERCENT PERCENT P RCENT
WESTERN KANSAS : 49 10 7 3 6 9
WESTERN OKLAHOMA =: 53 4 33 19 5 6
TEXAS PANHANDLE =: (18 49 n 27 8 5
AVERAGE FOR WHEAT:
PASTURE REGION: 43.8 27.1 20.6 12.2 6.0 2.0

WHEAT PASTURE: About 27 percent of the fal) seeded wheat in the three-State area of Kansas, Okla-

homa and Texas had sufficient growth to support grazing on December 1, 1978. This
was down sharply from last year's 44 percent and the ten-year average 71969-1978) of 41 percent,
Only 12 percent of the acreage was being grazed, down from last year's 21 percent. It is estimated
that 7 acres would be required to support a 400-pound calf compared with 6 acres last year.

KANSAS (WESTERN): Available forage was rated mostly poor and only 10 percent of the acreage had

sufficient growth for grazing while 3 percent was being grazed, Precipitation
received in November has helped growth but in most areas there has not been sufficient development
to provide pasture.

OKLAHOMA (WESTERN): Forage supplies rated fair to poor with 41 percent of the acreage grazable
and 19 percent being pastured. Most areas received enough moisture in Nov-
ember to germinate the remaining seed; however, forage supplies have been limited by cool weather.

TEXAS (PANHANDLE): Wheat pasture supplies rated fair to good. Almost half of the acreage would

support grazing and 27 percent of it was being grazed. In the northern Low
Plains little wheat was being pastured, but by mid-December it should be ready. Elsewhere, wheat
is making good growth with some reports of the best grazing in many years.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-4 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA



ACREAGE, YIELD AND PRODUCTION, UNITED STATES - ANNUAL
(DOMESTIC UNITS)

CROP AND UNIT

YIELD PER ACRE:

AREA HARVESTED

PRODUCTION

1976; 1977; 1978; 1976 11977; 1978; 1976 1977: (1978
T,000 ACRES T, 000

OATS BU: «(11,946 «13,452 11,531 45.7 55.8 52.2, $46,315 750,901 601,477
BARLEY " 82297 9,564 «= 9233S 44.9 43.9 48.4’ 372746] 420,159 447,008
ALL WHEAT "-: 70,771 66,461 56,839 30.3 30.6 31.6 2,142,362 2,036,318 1,798,712

WINTER "49,460 48,664 +38, 909 31.5 31.6 32.1 1,559,923 1,537,113 1,248,272

DURUM " : 3,025 4,024 «29.4 26.4 33.1 134,914 79,964 133,328

OTHER SPRING "16,727 14,772 13,906 = 26.8 28.4 «30.0 447,525 419,241 417,112
RYE yoy 72) 704 995 20.7 24.6 26.3 14,951 «17,312 26, 160
RICE CUT 1/r 2,480.0 2,249.0 3,059.0 4,663 4,412 4,505 115,648 99,223 137,805
DRY EDIBLE BEANS =" “Vy: 1,499.3 1,279.9 1,494.4 1,186 1,298 1,279 17,786 16,610 19,117"
POTATOES wt
, FALL "1,143.0 1,138.7 1,152.4 269 270 277 «307,427 307,064 318,702

TOTAL "1,374.5 1,358.7 1,368.2 260 261 263 357,674 354,576 360,364
T7_YIELO-IN POUNDS.

ACREAGE, YIELO AND PRODUCTION, UNITED STATES - ANNUAL
(METRIC UNITS)
AREA HARVESTED = YIELD PER HECTARE PRODUCTION
CROP 1976; 1977 : 1978 ‘1976 : 1977 } 1978 } 1976 =} 1977: 1978
HECTARES METRIC TONS

OATS : 4 834 430 5 443 890 4 666 480 1.64 2.00 1.87 7 929 740 10 899 300 8 730 410
BARLEY : 3357 710 3 870 460 3736 500 2.42 2.36 2.60 8 109 380 9 147 880 9 732 450
ALL WHEAT :28 640 320 26 896 100 23 002 170 2.04 2.06 2.173 58 305 540 55 419 490 48 952 920

WINTER :20 015 970 19 693 830 15 746 080 2.12 2.12 2.16 42 454 150 41 833 360 33 972 400

DURUM : 1855 100 1 224 190 1 628 470 1.98 1.78 2.23 3671 760 2 176 260 3 628 590

OTHER SPRING : 6 769 250 5 978 080 5 627 620 1.80 1.91 2.02 12 179 630 11 409 870 11 351 930
RYE : 291 780 284.900 402 670 1.30 1.54 1.65 379770 439 750 664 490
RICE : 1003 630 910 150 1 237 950 5.23 4.94 5.05 5 245 710 4 500 680 6 250 730
RY EDIBLE BEANS: 606 750 517 960 © 604.770 1.33 1.45 1.43 © 806 760 © 753 410867 130
POTATOES :

FALL : 462 560 460 820 466 360 30.15 30.22 31.00 13 944 580 13 928 120 14 456 000

TOTAL 556 250 549 850 553 700 29.17 29.25 29.52 16 223 730 16 083 210 16 345 750

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978

CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


INDEX

ALASKA cece ccc ec cece cece cent eee n eter ee eet n ence te etees
BARLEY ...........+. .
BEANS, DRY EDIBLE .
BEANS, BY CLASSES .
CITRUS FRUIT ....
COTTON ....-..eeseeeeee
CROP MARKETING SEASONS
FARM MARKETINGS .......
OATS .ecceecceceeeceeceenteeeete
PASTURE AND RANGE FEED CONDITION ....
PASTURE AND RANGE FEED CONDITION MAPS .
PECANS .......-.
PLANTED ACREAGI
POTATOES ....eeeeeeeeeeeee
POTATOES, OBJECTIVE YIELD
59 0

RYE soe eeceesececeeeeneees
TOBACCO BY CLASS’ AND’ TYPE
US SUMMARY ....... preeees
WHEAT, ALL ‘

WHEAT, BY CLASSES .
WHEAT, DURUM ......
WHEAT, PASTURE .
WHEAT, SPRING ..
WHEAT, WINTER .... :
WINTER WHEAT MAP oo... ccccscceeceeeeeseeeeeeeneneeeeeaeee

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-25 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


DURUM WHEAT

STATE t AREA HARVESTED t YIELO + PRODUCTION
_ et 197e 1 1977 4 1976 ¢ 1976 % 4977 § 1978 + 1976 ¢ 1977 4 1978
t Tv000 ACRES BUSRELS 19000 SUSHELS
‘
ARIZ ’ a9 as n S00 W200 7000 230925 6y320 69370
cai ' 4 28 us rf 7S. 2540 60400 20100 e625
WINN ot 93 62 "96 2905 BaeS 805 2o7ee 20829 30773
MONT ' 295 220 290 2900 2260 3000 8955S 4840 69700
N MEX 1/8 v7 “@ 7000 = 7400 19190 296
NDAK 5 = (30620 29470 3260-2500 eS «= BS = 909500 OSI = 102 060
S DAK 3 160 136 190-1000 2600 2000 19600 39266 37800
us 149506 39025 490262904 bee Gal 1940914 790964 1330328

1/ BEGINNING 1978 INCLUDED IN WINTER WHEAT.

OTHER SPRING WHEAT

STATE 1 AREA HARVESTED ’ YIELD 3 PROOUCTION

sg is76 s G7 tse 976 T1977 1 1978 8976 i977 t 1978

a T9000 ACRES BUSHELS ¥9000 BUSHELS

$
cook 49 25 ho 4000 45004700 14600 19125 20068
TOAHO 4 $40 360 480 5400 = S100 = 600299160 © 180360 © 300720
MINN = 39800 39140 20620 3205 4000 ©3505 = 239500 1259600 = 879770
MONT ' 29060 29040 15850 2965 2200 2900 609180 449880 53650
NEV Y 13 iz it 3900 5000 5506 507 600 a25
NOAK t 79900 6660 6210 2405 25402940) :1939550 1679000 1804090
QREG ot 43 70 425 3760 Sed 3700 4a181 24380 41625
S$ DAK of 19860 20200 20200 1160 2305 2000 209460 519700 449000
Ulan ot 42 26. 21 3100 2400 3600 19302 576 756
wasn 1 vs 18s v0 3600 3300 3800 112340 60105 129780
Wis ‘ 29 is 12 3000-3300 3400 870 495 372
"yO t 3s 2 19 25.0 20.0 24.0 ats 420 456
us § 169727 166772 135906 26.8 2604 3000 4470525 4190261 4179112

WHEAT PRODUCTION BY CLASSES, UNITEO STATES

veAR WINTER : SPRING
TARD SOFT TARD
REO RED i Rep DURUM WHITE TOTAL
~ T,000 BUSAECS

1975 + 1,058,063 326,208 256,125 326,594 123,362 32,107 2,122,459
1976 : 975,840 336,555, 247,528 ann,127 134,914 36,398 2,142,362
1977 : 992,446 360,152 194,515 397,603 79,964 21,638 2,036, 318
1978 : 834,252 202,119 211,901 379,390 133,328, 37,722 4,798,712

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-13 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


UNITED STATES CROP SUMMARY
(DOMESTIC UNITS)

3. AREA HARVESTED: YIELD PER ACRE : PRODUCTION.
CROP AND : : A : : A INDICATED
7 a NUE
UNIT 2 tar7: INOSCRTED! i977; TNMICATED! 977 WOW, = UEC,
H 2 2 : 2 :_1978 21978
T,000 ACRES T,000
COTTON BALE 1/ : 13,279.3  12,286.8 520 418 14,389.2 10,980.6 10,693.6
ALL TOBACCO LB : 957.7 947.9 1,997 2,118 1,912,417 2,007,858 2,008,070
BURLEY " 268.5 259.3 2)298 «= 2,402 «6161920 622,503 622,715

PECANS. . : 236,600 2/212,300 205,700
PASTURE & RANGE 3/ PCT : 72 70
CITRUS FRUITS 4/ : 1977-78 1978-79 1978-79
ORANGES BOX : 620 215,100 215,400
GRAPEFRUIT " : 73,700 70,900
LEMONS " : 26,100 26,000 26,000

STATES. 4/ SEASON BEGINS WITH THE BLOOM OF THE FIRST YEAR SHOWN AND ENDS WITH THE COMPLETION OF HARVEST
THE FOLLOWING YEAR.

UNITED STATES CROP SUMMARY

METRIC UNITS
A 3 2 PRODUCTION

crop : © INDICATED! = INDICATED! : TROTCATED
1 1977: : 1977: : 197 7 >
: 3 1978 H 2 1978 : : 1978 21978
: FECTARES HETRIC-TONS
COTTON : 5 374 000 4 972 350 0.58 0.47 3 132 860 2 390 730 2 328 240
ALL TOBACCO : 387 570 383 610 2.24 2.37 867 450 910 740 910 840
BURLEY : 108660 104940 2.58 2.69 279 830 282 360 282 460
PECANS 2 107 320 1/96 300 93 300
CITRUS FRUITS 2/ : 1977-78 1978-79 1978-79
ORANGES ~ : 8 642 750 8 484 900 8 496 650
GRAPEFRUIT Hy 2 720 650 2 631 740
LEMONS : 899 930 896 300-896 300

\/ OCTOBER 1, 1978. 2/ SEASON BEGINS WITH THE BLOOM OF THE FIRST YEAR SHOWN AND ENDS WITH THE COMPLETION
OF HARVEST THE FOLLOWING YEAR.

The CROP PRODUCTION report contains State and National estimates with related information
on selected agricultural commodities. These data were prepared and adopted by the Crop Report-
ing Board which consists of commodity statisticians from the field offices and Washington
headquarters.

CROP REPORTING BOARD:

B. M. Graham, Chairman,
APPROVED: C. A. Hudson, Acting Secretary,
4 J. W. Kirkbride, F. E. Rolf,
V4, 7 . R. P. Small, B. J. Acosta,
D. J. Buckner, H. J. DeLong,
W. W. Wilken, C, J. Koines,
H. M. McWilliams, L. £. Snipes,
ACTING SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE C. 0. Spillmann, J. R. Gibson.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-2 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


1978 POTATO OBJECTIVE YIELD SURVEY

The Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Service conducted potato objective yield surveys in the
11 major fall producing States in 1978, Sample plots were located in potato fields that were selected on
a random basis using a scientifically designed sampling procedure, Field workers recorded counts and
measurements from these fields just prior to and immediately after harvest.

The sample data and the derived percentages from the objective yield surveys presented in the follow-
ing tables are presented to provide current information about the crop and are not official estimates.

POTATOES: PERCENTAGE OF NET WEIGHT BY SIZE GROUPS, 1977-78 1/

7 Fe | re rr ee
Teeter ©: YER. ¢ UNDER: UNDER ©; UNDER: UNDER: UNDER: AND ©: TOTAL
: : 17/e" : 2s 2/4": 212": 3 2" OVER:
PERCENT

ROUND RED: :
“toto 1977:—s* 8 6 i v7 52 3 100
1978; * 5 4 15 16 a5 5 100
MINN 77: * 4 10 15 64 5 100
1978: * 7 4 10 15 66 4 100
N DAK 1977; * 2 5 n ” 60 5 100
1978: * 2 3 8 13 62 12 100
WIS 1977; 2 6 3 10 WV 52 10 100
1978: 1 7 5 3 22 49 3 100

ROUND WHITES:
“RAINE 1977: 4 3 12 v 58 5 100
1978: 1 6 4 2 17 53 7 100
MICH 1977; * 5 3 10 15 57 10 100
1978: * 4 3 n 12 56 4 100
MINN 1977; * 2 5 lz 1” 59 8 100
1978: * 2 3 3 12 62 12 100
ny 1977; 1 5 3 9 13 54 15 100
1978: 1 4 3 9 4 53 16 100
N DAK 1977; * 2 3 9 12 59 15 100
1978; * 2 2 7 v 65 3 100
PA 1977: * 4 3 10 14 58 n 100
1978: * 4 3 n 15 56 n 100
WIS 1977; 1 6 5 4 18 49 7 100
1978: 2 6 4 13 19 52 4 100
SEE FOOTNOTES OW PACE B-22. ~ CONTTNUED

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 8-21 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


POTATOES

SEASONAL GROUP | AREA HARVESTED 1 Yieto 1 PRUQUCTION
AND t T + IND 1 T T IND 1 v 1 IND
STATE { 1976 ¢ 1977 4 1978 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1976 1 1977 1 1978
TT T9000 ACRES Cer “Ts000 Cw
1
WINTER '
t
TOTAL a 1404 1304 12.9 207 199 203 21984 = 20660 2921
SPRING 1
1
TOTAL wv 9864 Des 9067 251 250 «199 2aeT22—-22BTO = 18 028
H 7
SUMMER 1
‘
TOTAL wi 11867-11502 M2209 187 2254) 219982 214013
FALL ‘
CALIF 1 1865 Too 17.3 350380350 69475 = 54950 6055
cove t 3603 3605 3765 255 260 = 260 99257 99490-98750
CONN f 1.9 109 169° 2600245220 49% 466 418
TOAHO-10 SW CO ft 3500 3000 32.0 «325 300 3es 119375 99000 109400
sOTHER CO {| 32860 33000 © 33360 235 240 260779080 = 799200 864580
IND t 600 ae? 369 «6255 240 240 19530 1si28 ” 936
MAINE 1 11200 11800 119.0 245 260 220 279440 =. 289320 = 260180
mass ' 305 ‘367 366 22000240 22S 770 888 820
MICH 1 34.0 3200 34,0 265 27 2s5 81330 89800 82670
MINN 4 670 7200 Wed = 168 180 210 119055 129960 142920
MONT I 864 B64 8.7 215 260 240 19806 = 20016 29088
NEBR ‘ 409 600 740 260 «240-240 19274 = 19440 1.9680
NEV ‘ 1600 140d 17.0 380340 320 $9320 49760 $4440
NH rt 4 3 2000235 106 7
N Y*LONG IS 1 2309 2208 2303 310 «315265 79609 T9182 9175
UPSTATE i} 24.9 2006 25.0 245, 260 260 69101 $1356 69500
N DAK 4 12160 13500-12840 140 160175) 169940 © 210600 © 229400
OHIO ' 115 ile2 1003 2550245 aS, 2993329744 2215
OREG=MALHEUR CO { 1160 1000 10.8 370 355 350 49070 = 39550-34780
“OTHER CO Of 54.6 5000 56.8 455 440 435 249843 220000 «= 245708
PA t 2600 2545 25.0 255 250 250 140 693756 9250
RI ' hed Gel 41 250 230 220 19050 943 902
S DAK ! bet 509 70 6580170 2860-18062 4190
UTAH ' Se2 5.9 46 240 © 240 245 10248416 be b27
vt ’ del 100 «8B 205 235 210 226 235 168
wast 1 124e0 41000 10920 450 460 465 S580 © 507600 500685
wis 4 5360 5505 $5.0 290 325 325 159370 189038 179325
wyo 1 603 6.7 6.8 270 220 200 19701 10474 40360
i
TOTAL ! 1913667 1915204 269 270 «277: «3079427 3074064 3189702.
‘
us { 1358.7 1,368.2 260 261 263 39579674 3569576 360,364

1/ ESTIMATES FOR CURRENT YEAR CARRIED FORWARD FROM EARLIEK FORECAST
2/ ESTIMATES DISCONTINUED AFTER 1977 CROP.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978

B-16

CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA


Rice plantings got off to a good start in the southern States and generally out-paced last
year and normal, In California, rice planting continued into June after being delayed by a wet
spring.

The crop made good early development and was heading in Louisiana and Texas by early July.
By mid-July, California rice was blooming and Texas growers were starting to harvest. Excessive
rain and wind along the Texas Gulf Coast in late July and early August lodged stands and delayed
harvest. California growers drained fields in preparation for harvest during early October.
Some severe lodging of grain occurred. Harvest was virtually complete in the Delta by early
November while California harvest was complete by late November.

ORY EDIBLE BEANS: Production of dry edible beans in 1978 is estimated at 19.1 million cwt. (867
thousand metric tons), up 15 percent from 1977 and 7 percent above 1976.

Growers planted 1.54 million acres (625 thousand hectares) this year, up 9 percent from 1977.
Harvested acres amounted to 1.49 million acres (605 thousand hectares), up 17 percent from the
previous year. Of the major classes, production of Navy pea beans was up 19 percent from 1977,
Pintos up 22 percent, Great Northern up 16 percent, Red Kidneys up 37 percent and Pinks down 9
percent.

Planting in Michigan started about the usual time in late May and advanced at a rapid pace.
The crop developed well during the growing season. Michigan growers, remembering the heavy rains
of last fall, took advantage of the favorable harvest season and the crop came out above earlier
expectations. Quality of beans was good this year.

Weather in Nebraska at planting was favorable and the crop had a good start. Hail in some

localities forced some growers to replant. Mold and frost reduced yields on some replanted
acreage. Harvest was well underway by mid-September and virtually completed by October 10.

In California, good yields were obtained from early beans. Rains in early September improved
the condition for the growth of fungi. Beans cleaned after the rains had much lower yields. The
cleanout this year was considerably heavier than from the 1977 crop and averaged more than 19 per-
cent. However, mild temperatures in September and October were beneficial to late plantings.
Harvest is virtually complete.

POTATOES: Production of fall potatoes for the U. S. is estimated at a record 319 million cwt
(14.5 million metric tons), 1 percent above the November 1 forecast and 4 percent above
the 307 million cwt. (13.9 million metric tons) produced in 1977. This year's crop was harvested
from 1.15 million acres (466 thousand hectares), 1 percent greater than Yast year. Yields nation-
ally are estimated at 277 cwt., up 7 cwt. per acre from last year and 8 cwt. per acre above 1976.

In the seven Eastern States, production is set at 47.4 million cwt., 5 percent below the
49.8 million cwt. harvested tn 1977. The average yield is placed at 234 cwt. per acre, down sig-
nificantly from the 252 cwt. per acre average in 1977.

Production in the eight Central States at 69.3 million cwt. is 2 percent above the 67.8 mil-
lion cwt. produced last year. Yield per acre is placed at 219 cwt. per acre, 9 cwt. above 1977
Yields are at record levels in Minnesota and North Dakota

In the nine Western States, production is placed at 202 million cwt., 7 percent more than the
189 million cwt. produced during 1977. Harvested area is set at 634 thousand acres compared with
$19 thousand acres harvested last year. The average yield at 319 cwt. per acre is 13 cwt. above
ast year.

December 1 potato stocks estimates for the fall producing States will be released on Decem-
ber 13, 1978.

CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 A-13 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA



PECANS
CROP AND STATE t PRODUCTION
z TOTAL + TOTAL 7 TND
i “1576 t 1577 ‘ 1978
! 71000 ROUNDS
PECANS IMPROVED peal
ALA a 49000 259600 129000
ARK a 700 900 1600
FLA i 17000 29300 29600
GA 3 439000 689000 822000
ba i 700 39500 49000
MISS i 15000 69500 67000
N MEX 11-500 159000 159000
nC 11900 19100 19900
OKLA 800 ieSoo 41000
s¢ 19700 4500 20250
TEX 119000 120000 120000
us i 77300 1379900 1439150
PECANS NATIVE & SEEDLING #
ALA i 1,000 69400 30000
ARK i 300 20100 39600
FLA i 19500 30600 19600
Ga i 94000 20000 23000
ta fs 14300 279500 99000
MIss i 500 49500 30000
nC asi 900 900 19100
OKLA i 19500 129000 69000
s¢ i 800 29250
TEX $ 92000 109000
us i 252800 629550
ALL PECANS 3
ALA i 59000 329000
ARK ? 19000 39000
FLA i 29500 6
GA z 529000
ba i 29000
MISS i 39500
N MEX t 119500
Nc evi 29800
OKLA i 20300
sc a 29500 3100
TEX i 209000 329000
vs i 1039100 2369600 2059700
1/ BUDDED,GRAFTED*OR TOPWORKED VARIETIES.
2/ ESTIMATES FOR CURRENT YEAR CARRIED FORWARO FROM EARLIER FORECASTs
PAPAYAS - HAWAII
vom AREA UTILIZED PRODUCTION
: : : ? ~ : FORECA
y Sw 1978 TST Tare; 9771978 1978-79
T 3 ACRES 7,000 POUNDS
oct 3,105 3,200 2,260 2,210 6,461 6,002
NOV 3,095 3,220 2,360 2,230 6,690 5,180
DEC 3,145 2,395 5,625 4,600
JAN 3,095 2,280 4,253 4,400
FEB 3,080 23220 3,804 43000
MAR 3,150 2,210 43165 3,900
CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION JAN-NOV iTS BBS
CROP PRODUCTION, DECEMBER 1978 B-3 CROP REPORTING BOARD, ESCS, USDA