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Volga

Yazd

Xian

Zibo

Brno

Bonn

Koln

Lodz

Ufa

Pusan

Taegu

Jinan

Jilin

Lvov

Essen

Omsk

Perm

Shiraz

Baotou

Dalian

Lahore

Tabriz

Anshan

Fushun

Urumqi

Harbin

Krakow

Bremen

Gdansk

Kazan

Zahedan

Incheon

Qingdao

Fukuoka

Nanjing

Esfahan

Luoyang

Lanzhou

Mashhad

Taiyuan

Tianjin

Almaty

Odessa

Qiqihar

Dresden

Wroclaw

Leipzig

Samara

Hamburg

Qandahar

Norilsk

Nagasaki

Kharkov

Okhotsk

Yakutsk

Shanghai

Amritsar

Tangshan

Shenyang

Donetsk

Dortmund

Irkutsk

Magadan

Hiro

Zhengzhou

Murmansk

Astrakhan

Faisalabad

Rawalpindi

Samarkand Changchung

Volgograd

Khabarovsk

Kita Kyushu

Vladivostok

Nikolayevsk

Shijiazhuang

Novosibirsk

Chelyabinsk

Arkhangelsk

Novokuznetsk

Yekaterinburg

Dnepropetrovsk

Rostov-na-Donu

Frankfurt am Main

Nizhniy Novgorod

Saint Petersburg

Riga

Kabul

Seoul

Baku

Kiev

Tehran

Prague

Warsaw

Berlin

Minsk

Astana

Moscow

Tallinn

Beijing

Vilnius

Chisinau

Bishkek

Helsinki

Yerevan

Tbilisi

Abu Dhabi

Tashkent

Stockholm

Dushanbe

Islamabad

Ashgabat

Pyongyang

Copenhagen

Ulan Bator

Yenisey

Ural

Aldan

Pechora

Murat

Ob

Ob

Lena

Volga

Irtysh

Indus

Amur

Amur

Yenisey

Don

Danube

Vilyuy

Kama

Kolyma

Dnieper

Angara

Huang He

Huang He

Syr Darya

Syr Darya

Tobol

Firat

Suir

Neva

78

74

73

863

858

852

851

850

834

819

787 784

783

780

757

747

746

735

734

733

731

730

729

718

711

686

685

662

636

635

632

626

625

624

621

619

618

617

615

612

611

606

604

603

595

592

591

584

580

579

578

571

570

569

568

529

509

506

486

485

484

483

482

481

480

479

477

476

473

471

430

428

426

425

423

421

420

419

418

415

413

411

410

409

407

405

404

403

400

390

389

388 387

386

385

384

356

352

348

347

345

344

337

336

333

332

331

330

324

322

321

320

319

317

315

314

292

291

281

279

258

255

252 249

229

218

213

212

211

204

198

173

171

167 166

158

154

148

146

132

128

127

125

124

117

115

114

833, 862

795, 799

794, 796, 797,798, 800, 806, 807

792, 793

789, 790, 791

786

777, 778

776, 802

745

732724

710

701, 722

695, 697

694, 738

689, 709

687, 688, 692, 693

616

605

60

600

593

581

540, 583, 596

512, 622

510, 613 508

500, 501

494, 498

493, 499

491, 497

474, 628

472, 487

433, 601

432

429

427, 505

422

416

414, 417

412

408, 585

406, 424, 431, 504

401, 402

383

359, 511

358

354, 362, 370

350, 620

346

343, 633

341

339, 515

335, 434

334

325, 382

282, 283,284, 285,286, 287

254, 256

231, 239

230, 233, 240

227, 237

226, 228, 236, 238

217

216

160, 224

159, 223

151, 222, 235

118, 119, 133, 134,137, 152, 163, 165,

201, 207, 210, 219,232, 241

131, 172

130, 150

126, 147

75

715

714

713

567

566

565

564

563

562

561

560

559

558

556

555

554

553

552

550

549

547

546

545

544

542

541

527

526

524

523

522

521

519

518

517

516

514

513

295

294

186

184

183

182

178

717, 720

548

528

520, 543

253, 266, 274

181, 185

180, 190

179, 191

177, 189

176, 188

175, 187, 196

174, 192

77

76

72

71

70

69

68

805

788

781

774 765

761

739

721

696

684

683

623

599

586

575

470

467

466

464

463

462

460

458

456

455

454

451

448

445

442

439

437

397

396

381

378

375

374 365

363

329

327

316

313

311

310

306

302

301

300

278

247

200

193

157

136

135

116

113

772, 775

764, 767 766

763

762

752, 755

751, 779, 803

750, 753,754, 758, 785

742, 743, 744, 759,

760, 768, 770, 773, 804

740, 741, 748, 749,756, 769, 771, 782, 802

698

691, 703

690, 702, 719

318, 475,507, 573, 638

607

598, 608

380, 535

530, 572

503, 582

502, 587

461, 634

459, 468

323, 457,

536, 539

452

449, 597

447

444

440, 630

436, 478

399, 469, 629

351, 357,

398, 538

395, 441, 443

394

338, 393, 450, 594

392, 438

391, 453, 627

355, 377, 637

360, 372, 465,574, 609, 610

340, 368

367, 376, 532, 534

366, 379

342, 364, 371, 373,525, 531, 533, 537, 576

349, 361, 369

328

326, 489

312, 590

308, 446

305

303, 304

299, 589

298, 309, 353

297, 588

296, 307

290, 293

199, 214, 215

111, 121, 123, 164,

195, 197, 202, 206

170, 203, 209

168, 169 153, 155

145, 194

112, 139, 141

138, 140,142, 143, 144

120, 122, 129, 149,

156, 161, 162, 205,

208, 220, 221, 225, 234

110

160°E 170°E 180° 

150°E

140°E

130°E

130°E

120°E

120°E

100°E 110°E

100°E

90°E

90°E

80°E

80°E

70°E

70°E

60°E

10°E 20°E 30°E 40°E 50°E 60°E

50°N40°N30°N

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 

Mineral Facilities of Northern and Central Eurasia

(independent countries of the former Soviet Union)

CASPIAN

SEA

B E L A R U S

U K R A I N E

MOLDOVA

UZBEKISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

TAJIKISTAN

I R A N

IRAQ

ROMANIA

A F G H A N I S T A N

P A K I S T A N

ESTONIA

LATVIA LITHUANIA

F I N L A N D

NORWAY

A

B

P O L A N D

SWEDEN

KYRGYZSTAN

TURKEY

[

[

#

#







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#

##

#

#

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#

#

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#

# 







# ]

]

]

#

#

#



#

]

Firat

Bak

Yerevan

Tbilisi

Murat

93

91

90

88

86

84

82

81

55

54

51

47

45 44 41

40

39

38

37

32

31

29

28

24

20

19

17

103

5, 25

4, 22

89, 99, 100

85, 101, 102

83, 92, 97

52, 56

42

36, 46

33

30, 43

3, 21, 23

18

492, 496

62

57

557

107

106

105

7

6

2

80

79

67

49

35

34

26

13

109

108

8, 9, 10,11, 12, 16

1

94, 95, 96

87, 98. 104

48, 5

14, 15

488, 631

45°E45°E

40°N 

Inset A—Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia mineral facilities

T U R K E Y

RUSSIA

G E O R G I A

A R M E N I A

I R A N

A Z E R B A I J A N

CASP

SE

I N D I A

HUNGARY

SLOVAKIA

RUSSIA

CZECH

REPUBLIC

GERMANY

DENMARK

R

U

S

S

I

A

C H I N A

Persian

Gulf

EAST SIBERIAN

SEA

LAPTEV

SEA

KARA

 SEA

BARENTS

Balt

SEA ic Sea

Scale 1:7 500 000

Scale 1:4 000 000 

Gulf of

Bothnia

SEA  

Sea of

Azov

BLACK

SEA

A

R

C T I C O C

E A N

(

CHUK

SEA

WHITE

SEA

BLACK

SEA

M

O

N G O L I A

Country political boundaries, water bodies, major rivers, city data, and graticulesare derived from Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) world shapefiles.Political boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.Transverse Polyconic projection.Datum: World Geodetic System 1984.Central meridian 105° E.

60° N 70° N 80° N 80° N 180° 70° N 

C H I N A

UNITED ARAB

EMIRATES

OMAN

K

A

Z

A K

H

S

 T

A

N

AZERBAIJAN

ARMENIA

AZERBAIJAN

GEORGIA

ARMENIA

AZER.

Lake Vanern

Lake Ladoga

Lake

Onega

Lake

Baikal

Lake

Balkhash

Koko Nor

Issyk

Kul

North Aral Sea

(remnants)

South Aral Sea

(remnants)

Lake

Urmia

AZER.

50 0 50 100 150 200 25

KILOMETERS

50 25 0 50 100 150 200

MILES

KILOMETERS

MILES

200 100 0 200 400 600 800 1 000

200 100 0 200 400 600 800 1 000

Novaya Zemlya

(RUSSIA)

New Siberian Islands

(RUSSIA)

Wrangel Island

(RUSSIA)

Franz Josef Land

(RUSSIA)

Severnaya Zemlya

(RUS SIA)

Kolguyev Island

(RUSSIA)

Luxembourg