Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released June 9, 2011, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Up 2 Percent from May

Orange Production Unchanged from May

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.45 billion bushels, up 2 percent from the May 1 forecast but 2 percent below 

2010. Based on June 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 45.3 bushels per acre, up 0.8 bushel from last 

month but 1.5 bushels less than last year. Expected area for harvest as grain or seed totals 32.0 million acres, unchanged 

from May1.

Hard Red Winter production, at 777 million bushels, is up 2 percent from a month ago. Soft Red Winter production is up 

2 percent from last month and now totals 434 million bushels. White Winter production totals 240 million bushels, up 

2 percent from last month. Of this total, 11.6 million bushels are Hard White and 228 million bushels are Soft White.

The United States all orange forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 8.82 million tons, unchanged from the May 1 forecast 

but 7 percent above the 2009-2010 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 140 million boxes (6.30 million 

tons), is unchanged from the May 1 forecast but 5 percent above last season’s final utilization. Early, midseason, and 

navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), unchanged from May but 2 percent higher

than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), is unchanged from the 

previous forecast but up 8 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. The monthly row count survey indicated that 79 percent of 

the Valencia crop has been harvested. California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from April.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 1.59 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, up 1 percent from the May 1 forecast and up 2 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.56 gallons per 

box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.52 gallons per box, up 1 percent from last season’s yield of 1.51 gallons per 

box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.68 gallons per box, 3 percent higher than last year’s final yield of 1.63 gallons 

per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several 

seasons.
2 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

This report was approved on June 9, 2011.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Kathleen A. Merrigan

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (June 2011) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011 ................................................................... 6

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2009-2010 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Peach Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011.................................................................. 8

Bartlett Pear Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011....................................................... 9

Sweet Cherry Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011 ..................................................... 9

Miscellaneous Fruits Production by Crop – California: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011 .................................................. 9

Hops Area Harvested by Variety – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011 ....................................... 10

Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value – States and United States: 

2009 and 2010....................................................................................................................................................................... 11

Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 .......................................... 12

Sugarcane Price and Value – States and United States: 2009 and 2010............................................................................... 12

Sweet Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 .................. 13

Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009-2011.............................................................. 14

Maple Syrup Price and Value – States and United States: 2009-2011 ................................................................................. 14

Maple Syrup Season – States: 2009-2011............................................................................................................................. 14

Maple Syrup Price by Type of Sale and Size of Container – States: 2009 and 2010 ........................................................... 15

Maple Syrup Bulk Price – States: 2009 and 2010................................................................................................................. 15

Maple Syrup Percent of Sales by Type – States: 2009 and 2010.......................................................................................... 15

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) ......................................................... 16

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units).................................................................... 17

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units).............................................................. 18

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 19

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units).................................................................... 20
4 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units).........................................................................21

Percent of Normal Precipitation............................................................................................................................................22

Departure of Average Temperature from Normal.................................................................................................................22

May Weather Summary ........................................................................................................................................................23

May Agricultural Summary ..................................................................................................................................................23

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................25

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................29

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................31
Crop Production (June 2011) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2011

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010

2011

2010 2011

May 1 June 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ........................

California ........................

Colorado .........................

Georgia ..........................

Idaho ..............................

Illinois .............................

Indiana ...........................

Kansas ...........................

Kentucky .........................

Maryland .........................

Michigan .........................

Mississippi ......................

Missouri ..........................

Montana .........................

Nebraska ........................

New York ........................

North Carolina ................

North Dakota ..................

Ohio ................................

Oklahoma .......................

Oregon ...........................

Pennsylvania ..................

South Carolina ................

South Dakota ..................

Tennessee ......................

Texas .............................

Virginia ...........................

Washington ....................

Wisconsin .......................

Other States 1 .................

United States ..................

150

360

2,350

125

710

295

230

8,000

250

135

510

100

280

1,950

1,490

100

380

320

750

3,900

810

150

130

1,300

180

3,750

160

1,710

230

944

31,749

450

460

2,150

180

790

730

390

7,700

410

220

680

300

720

2,150

1,350

105

630

310

860

3,400

810

160

190

1,550

260

1,800

260

1,770

305

949

32,039

54.0

80.0

45.0

40.0

82.0

56.0

60.0

45.0

66.0

60.0

70.0

47.0

45.0

48.0

43.0

67.0

37.0

55.0

61.0

31.0

67.0

59.0

36.0

49.0

53.0

34.0

51.0

69.0

64.0

41.7

46.8

52.0

85.0

30.0

49.0

79.0

61.0

64.0

34.0

66.0

67.0

73.0

53.0

52.0

44.0

42.0

64.0

57.0

54.0

69.0

22.0

69.0

59.0

47.0

46.0

57.0

26.0

66.0

65.0

67.0

47.9

44.5

54.0

80.0

32.0

55.0

79.0

62.0

65.0

34.0

68.0

66.0

73.0

60.0

51.0

47.0

44.0

60.0

61.0

53.0

67.0

22.0

71.0

57.0

53.0

48.0

55.0

26.0

66.0

67.0

68.0

48.5

45.3

8,100

28,800

105,750

5,000

58,220

16,520

13,800

360,000

16,500

8,100

35,700

4,700

12,600

93,600

64,070

6,700

14,060

17,600

45,750

120,900

54,270

8,850

4,680

63,700

9,540

127,500

8,160

117,990

14,720

39,356

1,485,236

24,300

36,800

68,800

9,900

62,410

45,260

25,350

261,800

27,880

14,520

49,640

18,000

36,720

101,050

59,400

6,300

38,430

16,430

57,620

74,800

57,510

9,120

10,070

74,400

14,300

46,800

17,160

118,590

20,740

46,015

1,450,115

1 Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and 

Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2011 Summary.
6 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted 

June 1, 2011

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State

Area harvested Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010

2011

2010 2011 1

May 1 June 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arizona ........................

California .....................

Montana .......................

North Dakota ................

Other States 2 ..............

United States ...............

79

105

530

1,780

35

2,529

69

145

115.0

110.0

34.0

37.5

50.7

42.4

105.0

110.0

110.0

110.0

9,085

11,550

18,020

66,750

1,775

107,180

7,590

15,950

1 Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage released June 2011. Yield and production will be published in 

Crop Production released July 2011. 2 Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2011 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011

[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class 

percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicate 

estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop 2010 2011

(1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Winter

Hard red ...............................

Soft red ................................

Hard white ............................

Soft white .............................

Spring

Hard red ...............................

Hard white ............................

Soft white .............................

Durum ..................................

Total ....................................

1,018,337

237,804

13,496

215,599

569,975

9,256

36,744

107,180

2,208,391

776,865

433,744

11,558

227,948
Crop Production (June 2011) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2009-2010 and

Forecasted June 1, 2011

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2009-2010 2010-2011 2009-2010 2010-2011

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and navel 2

 California 3 ........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3 .............................................

 United States ....................................

Valencia

 California 3 ........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3 .............................................

 United States ....................................

All

 California 3 ........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3 .............................................

 United States ....................................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ..............................................

Colored

 Florida ..............................................

All

 California 3 ........................................

 Florida ..............................................

 Texas 3 .............................................

 United States ....................................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 3 4 .............................................

California 3 4 ..........................................

Florida ..................................................

United States ........................................

Lemons 3

Arizona .................................................

California ..............................................

United States ........................................

Tangelos

Florida ..................................................

42,500

68,600

1,360

112,460

15,000

65,100

275

80,375

57,500

133,700

1,635

192,835

6,000

14,300

4,500

20,300

5,600

30,400

350

9,900

4,450

14,700

2,200

21,000

23,200

900

48,000

70,000

1,480

119,480

13,000

70,000

285

83,285

61,000

140,000

1,765

202,765

5,900

14,000

3,500

19,900

5,900

29,300

300

9,600

4,600

14,500

2,500

21,000

23,500

1,150

1,594

3,087

58

4,739

563

2,930

12

3,505

2,157

6,017

70

8,244

255

608

151

863

224

1,238

13

371

211

595

84

798

882

41

1,920

3,150

63

5,133

520

3,150

12

3,682

2,440

6,300

75

8,815

251

595

140

846

236

1,222

12

384

219

615

100

840

940

52

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80 (67 prior to the 

2010-2011 crop year), Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80 (76 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and 

California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-95. 2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines 

in Texas and Temples in Florida. 3 Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.

4 Includes tangelos and tangors.
8 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Peach Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011

[Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State 2010 2011 1

(tons) (tons)

Alabama .........................................

Arkansas .........................................

California ........................................

 Clingstone 2 .................................

 Freestone ....................................

Colorado .........................................

Connecticut .....................................

Georgia ...........................................

Idaho ...............................................

Illinois ..............................................

Maryland .........................................

Massachusetts ................................

Michigan .........................................

Missouri ..........................................

New Jersey .....................................

New York ........................................

North Carolina .................................

Ohio ................................................

Pennsylvania ..................................

South Carolina ................................

Texas ..............................................

Utah ................................................

Virginia ............................................

Washington .....................................

West Virginia ...................................

United States ..................................

6,000

3,000

817,000

432,000

385,000

14,000

1,200

40,000

7,400

9,100

4,000

1,750

14,000

4,200

36,000

5,900

5,500

6,240

21,200

110,000

14,000

4,300

6,210

15,000

5,300

1,151,300

815,000

430,000

385,000

35,000

90,000

1 Peach production for the United States and remaining States will be published in the Crop Production released July 2011. 2 California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.
Crop Production (June 2011) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Bartlett Pear Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011

State 2010 2011

(tons) (tons)

California ....................................................

Oregon .......................................................

Washington ................................................

United States ..............................................

170,000

50,000

170,000

390,000

185,000

54,000

175,000

414,000

Sweet Cherry Production – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011

[Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State 2010 2011 1

(tons) (tons)

California .........................................

Idaho ...............................................

Michigan ..........................................

Montana ..........................................

New York .........................................

Oregon ............................................

Utah .................................................

Washington .....................................

United States ...................................

97,000

1,900

15,100

2,470

1,000

38,150

1,100

160,000

316,720

85,000

36,000

180,000

1 The first production forecast for sweet cherries in Idaho, Michigan, New York, and Utah and tart cherries in Michigan, New York, Oregon, 

Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin will be published in the Cherry Production report released later this month. The first estimate for 

2011 sweet cherries in Montana will be released in the Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts report released January 2012.

Miscellaneous Fruits Production by Crop – California: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011

Crop 2010 2011

(tons) (tons)

Prunes (dried basis) ..........................................

Apricots ............................................................

127,000

59,200

122,000

55,000
10 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hops Area Harvested by Variety – States and United States: 2010 and Forecasted June 1, 2011

State and variety

Area harvested Strung for harvest

2010 2011

(acres) (acres)

Idaho 1 ........................................................

Oregon

Cascade .....................................................

Centennial ...................................................

Mt. Hood .....................................................

Nugget ........................................................

Sterling .......................................................

Super Galena ® ..........................................

Willamette ...................................................

Other varieties 2 ..........................................

Total ...........................................................

Washington

Apollo ® ......................................................

Bravo ® .......................................................

Cascade .....................................................

Centennial ...................................................

Chinook ......................................................

Citra TM .......................................................

Cluster ........................................................

Columbus/Tomahawk ® ..............................

Galena ........................................................

Glacier ........................................................

Millennium ...................................................

Mt. Hood .....................................................

Northern Brewer ..........................................

Nugget ........................................................

Simcoe ........................................................

Super Galena ® ..........................................

Willamette ...................................................

YCR-4(Palisade ® ) ....................................

YCR-5(Warrior ® ) ......................................

Zeus ...........................................................

Other varieties 2 ..........................................

Total ...........................................................

United States .............................................

2,331

122

(D)

188

1,356

87

134

1,452

1,283

4,622

827

414

1,728

357

443

113

392

3,401

1,920

61

555

62

94

829

237

886

1,734

373

296

4,440

5,174

24,336

31,289

2,288

192

179

166

1,397

114

164

999

1,149

4,360

1,002

590

2,076

691

564

215

498

3,055

1,424

44

364

95

108

902

372

967

845

349

299

4,121

4,787

23,368

30,016

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. 1 Only State totals published for Idaho to avoid disclosure of individual operations.

2 Includes data withheld to avoid disclosure of individual operations and varieties not listed.
Crop Production (June 2011) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarbeet Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value – States and 

United States: 2009 and 2010

[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State Area planted Area harvested Yield per acre

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons)

California 2 ..................

Colorado .....................

Idaho ..........................

Michigan .....................

Minnesota ...................

Montana .....................

Nebraska ....................

North Dakota ..............

Oregon .......................

Wyoming ....................

United States ..............

25.3

35.1

164.0

138.0

464.0

38.4

53.0

225.0

10.6

32.4

1,185.8

25.1

28.9

171.0

147.0

449.0

42.6

50.0

217.0

10.3

30.5

1,171.4

25.2

35.0

163.0

136.0

449.0

33.6

52.6

218.0

10.5

25.6

1,148.5

25.1

27.9

170.0

147.0

441.0

42.5

47.5

214.0

10.3

30.4

1,155.7

43.9

27.5

34.3

24.4

23.7

29.8

24.6

22.0

37.6

26.5

25.9

40.0

29.5

31.0

26.0

26.6

29.5

23.8

26.5

36.3

27.0

27.6

State

Production Price per ton Value of production

2009 2010 2009 2010 1 2009 2010 1

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

California 2 ..................

Colorado .....................

Idaho ..........................

Michigan .....................

Minnesota ...................

Montana .....................

Nebraska ....................

North Dakota ..............

Oregon .......................

Wyoming ....................

United States ..............

1,106

963

5,591

3,318

10,641

1,001

1,294

4,796

395

678

29,783

1,004

823

5,270

3,822

11,731

1,254

1,131

5,671

374

821

31,901

48.90

53.30

45.10

55.70

49.80

53.40

54.60

51.90

45.10

53.90

50.40

54,083

51,328

252,154

184,813

529,922

53,453

70,652

248,912

17,815

36,544

1,499,676

1 United States marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in Agricultural Prices released July 2011. State 

estimates will be published in Crop Values to be released February 2012. 2 In California, relates to year of intended harvest for fall planted beets in central California and to year of planting for overwintered beets in central and 

southern California.
12 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarcane Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

State

Area harvested Yield per acre 1 Production 1

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

For sugar

Florida ......................................

Hawaii ......................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas .......................................

United States ...........................

For seed

Florida ......................................

Hawaii ......................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas .......................................

United States ...........................

For sugar and seed

Florida ......................................

Hawaii ......................................

Louisiana .................................

Texas .......................................

United States ...........................

370.0

20.3

390.0

36.7

817.0

17.0

1.9

35.0

3.0

56.9

387.0

22.2

425.0

39.7

873.9

374.0

15.5

390.0

45.8

825.3

18.0

1.9

30.0

2.3

52.2

392.0

17.4

420.0

48.1

877.5

35.9

65.6

32.2

36.0

34.9

38.6

26.3

32.2

35.0

34.1

36.0

62.3

32.2

35.9

34.8

32.7

77.1

27.8

30.5

31.1

41.2

26.3

27.8

31.0

32.5

33.1

71.6

27.8

30.5

31.2

13,283

1,332

12,558

1,321

28,494

656

50

1,127

105

1,938

13,939

1,382

13,685

1,426

30,432

12,230

1,195

10,842

1,396

25,663

742

50

834

71

1,697

12,972

1,245

11,676

1,467

27,360

1 Net tons.

Sugarcane Price and Value – States and United States: 2009 and 2010

[Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

State

For sugar For sugar and seed

Price per ton Value of production Value of production 1

2009 2010 2 2009 2010 2 2009 2010 2

(dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Florida ...........................

Hawaii ...........................

Louisiana ......................

Texas ............................

United States ................

39.50

33.20

31.30

22.30

34.80

524,679

44,222

393,065

29,458

991,424

550,591

45,882

428,340

31,800

1,056,613

1 Price per ton of cane for sugar used in evaluating value of production for seed.

2 United States marketing year average price, value of production, and parity price will be published in Agricultural Prices released July 2011. State 

estimates will be published in Crop Values to be released February 2012.
Crop Production (June 2011) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sweet Potato Area Planted and Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 

2009 and 2010

State Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Alabama ...................................

Arkansas ..................................

California ..................................

Florida ......................................

Louisiana ..................................

Mississippi ................................

New Jersey ...............................

North Carolina ..........................

Texas .......................................

United States ............................

2.6

3.0

17.4

3.3

14.0

20.0

1.2

47.0

1.4

109.9

3.3

3.1

18.0

3.5

13.5

21.0

1.3

55.0

1.1

119.8

2.3

2.5

17.4

3.2

12.0

11.0

1.2

46.0

1.3

96.9

3.2

3.0

18.0

3.4

13.0

20.0

1.3

54.0

1.0

116.9

State Yield per acre Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(cwt) (cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Alabama ...................................

Arkansas ..................................

California ..................................

Florida ......................................

Louisiana ..................................

Mississippi ................................

New Jersey ...............................

North Carolina ..........................

Texas .......................................

United States ............................

170

185

340

110

135

115

110

200

100

201

150

160

355

130

190

180

110

180

120

204

391

463

5,916

352

1,620

1,265

132

9,200

130

19,469

480

480

6,390

442

2,470

3,600

143

9,720

120

23,845
14 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Taps, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009-2011

State Number of taps Yield per tap Production

2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011

(1,000 taps) (1,000 taps) (1,000 taps) (gallons) (gallons) (gallons) (1,000 

gallons)

(1,000 

gallons)

(1,000 

gallons)

Connecticut ................

Maine .........................

Massachusetts ...........

Michigan ....................

New Hampshire .........

New York ...................

Ohio ...........................

Pennsylvania .............

Vermont .....................

Wisconsin ..................

United States .............

71

1,470

230

450

385

1,830

375

464

3,030

670

8,975

75

1,470

250

490

420

1,903

385

465

3,150

650

9,258

71

1,470

245

495

420

2,011

405

503

3,300

660

9,580

0.183

0.269

0.200

0.256

0.244

0.240

0.240

0.198

0.304

0.299

0.268

0.120

0.214

0.116

0.167

0.207

0.164

0.169

0.116

0.283

0.180

0.212

0.239

0.245

0.253

0.248

0.286

0.280

0.309

0.254

0.345

0.235

0.292

13

395

46

115

94

439

90

92

920

200

2,404

9

315

29

82

87

312

65

54

890

117

1,960

17

360

62

123

120

564

125

128

1,140

155

2,794

Maple Syrup Price and Value – States and United States: 2009-2011

State Average price per gallon Value of production

2009 2010 2011 1 2009 2010 2011 1

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars) (1,000 dollars)

Connecticut ....................

Maine .............................

Massachusetts ...............

Michigan ........................

New Hampshire .............

New York .......................

Ohio ...............................

Pennsylvania .................

Vermont .........................

Wisconsin ......................

United States .................

64.00

32.90

53.60

45.00

53.50

40.60

40.30

38.10

35.10

36.70

37.90

70.00

33.50

56.50

45.00

55.40

39.40

42.70

42.00

34.00

39.50

37.50

832

12,996

2,466

5,175

5,029

17,823

3,627

3,505

32,292

7,340

91,085

630

10,553

1,639

3,690

4,820

12,293

2,776

2,268

30,260

4,622

73,551

1 Price and value for 2011 will be published in Crop Production released June 2012.

Maple Syrup Season – States: 2009-2011

State

Date season

opened 1

Date season

closed 2

Average season

length 3

2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011

(date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (days) (days) (days)

Connecticut .................

Maine ..........................

Massachusetts ............

Michigan .....................

New Hampshire ..........

New York ....................

Ohio ............................

Pennsylvania ..............

Vermont ......................

Wisconsin ...................

United States ..............

Feb 1

Feb 17

Jan 28

Feb 4

Feb 12

Jan 28

Feb 2

Jan 15

Jan 27

Feb 23

(X)

Jan 22

Feb 7

Jan 29

Feb 1

Jan 17

Jan 20

Feb 5

Jan 20

Jan 14

Feb 1

(X)

Feb 2

Feb 12

Jan 31

Feb 13

Feb 14

Jan 10

Feb 2

Feb 3

Feb 1

Feb 2

(X)

Apr 25

Apr 30

Apr 15

Apr 19

May 1

Apr 30

Apr 22

Apr 28

Apr 30

Apr 30

(X)

Apr 13

May 1

Apr 21

Apr 30

Apr 10

Apr 22

Apr 4

Apr 30

Apr 30

Apr 16

(X)

Apr 21

May 6

Apr 27

Apr 28

Apr 30

Apr 27

Apr 11

Apr 28

Apr 30

May 7

(X)

32

29

25

25

28

30

27

28

32

27

28

23

28

23

20

26

23

18

21

30

20

23

32

34

31

29

32

33

31

33

36

28

32

(X) Not applicable.

1 Approximately the first day that sap was collected.

2 Approximately the last day that sap was collected. 3 The average number of days that sap was collected.
Crop Production (June 2011) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Maple Syrup Price by Type of Sale and Size of Container – States: 2009 and 2010

Type and State

Gallons 1/2 Gallons Quarts Pints 1/2 Pints

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars) (dollars)

Retail

Connecticut ......................

Maine ...............................

Massachusetts ..................

Michigan ...........................

New Hampshire ................

New York ..........................

Ohio ..................................

Pennsylvania ....................

Vermont ............................

Wisconsin .........................

Wholesale

Connecticut ......................

Maine ...............................

Massachusetts ..................

Michigan ...........................

New Hampshire ................

New York ..........................

Ohio ..................................

Pennsylvania ....................

Vermont ............................

Wisconsin .........................

57.00

52.50

42.50

42.70

49.30

40.10

37.70

38.00

43.90

37.30

46.30

40.50

41.90

35.40

40.60

38.30

35.90

32.20

38.50

37.30

62.00

50.10

53.00

42.00

49.00

42.80

40.50

39.70

43.30

38.10

59.00

42.30

44.00

34.10

45.70

40.70

34.30

40.30

37.00

37.30

31.70

28.10

27.80

21.80

28.00

24.10

22.10

21.70

25.50

21.10

23.60

25.00

25.20

21.00

21.60

22.30

21.20

17.90

23.20

23.80

31.70

28.40

26.80

22.60

28.10

24.00

23.00

22.70

25.50

21.50

29.50

26.70

24.70

21.90

25.30

22.20

21.20

19.20

23.10

21.60

18.30

15.10

16.60

12.70

16.40

14.90

13.40

12.70

15.50

11.30

13.20

13.00

14.00

11.20

11.40

12.30

12.60

10.20

13.40

11.80

19.60

15.40

17.20

12.90

17.10

15.00

13.90

13.70

15.70

11.80

14.40

13.80

14.30

12.40

13.00

12.20

11.30

11.60

12.80

12.00

11.50

9.45

11.40

7.80

9.85

9.40

8.35

7.90

9.20

7.30

8.65

7.00

7.45

6.30

6.65

7.00

7.55

6.20

7.80

7.20

11.80

9.55

10.00

7.80

9.80

8.90

8.50

8.25

9.70

7.50

10.70

7.00

8.00

7.60

7.10

7.30

7.55

6.55

7.60

7.20

7.55

7.20

7.75

5.60

6.35

6.25

5.55

4.90

6.00

4.70

5.55

4.50

4.90

4.20

3.95

4.25

5.25

4.10

4.80

4.00

7.70

5.90

6.50

5.10

6.50

5.35

5.95

5.45

6.20

5.70

4.90

4.15

5.10

4.50

3.80

4.20

4.05

4.05

4.60

4.60

Maple Syrup Bulk Price – States: 2009 and 2010

State Bulk all grades Bulk all grades

2009 2010 2009 2010

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per gallon) (dollars per gallon)

Connecticut .................

Maine ..........................

Massachusetts .............

Michigan ......................

New Hampshire ...........

New York .....................

Ohio .............................

Pennsylvania ...............

Vermont .......................

Wisconsin ....................

(D)

2.85

2.65

2.80

2.75

2.73

2.70

2.70

2.90

2.60

(D)

3.00

2.55

2.80

2.65

2.71

2.55

2.45

2.65

2.60

(D)

31.40

29.50

30.50

30.40

30.00

29.90

29.50

32.00

28.60

(D)

32.20

28.00

30.50

29.10

29.90

28.10

27.00

29.20

28.40

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Maple Syrup Percent of Sales by Type – States: 2009 and 2010

State

Retail Wholesale Bulk

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent)

Connecticut ...................

Maine ............................

Massachusetts ...............

Michigan ........................

New Hampshire .............

New York .......................

Ohio ...............................

Pennsylvania .................

Vermont .........................

Wisconsin ......................

55

1

65

58

55

39

47

81

10

30

65

1

55

53

45

28

55

69

15

39

30

7

25

17

30

15

18

4

5

14

20

1

35

26

40

15

20

9

5

13

15

92

10

25

15

46

35

15

85

56

15

98

10

21

15

57

25

22

80

48
16 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop Area planted Area harvested

2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1 ....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1 .............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2 ....................................................................

2,872

88,192

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

3,138

390

3,636

1,211

5,404

(NA)

53,603

37,335

2,570

13,698

1,448.8

(X)

421

50.5

1,288.0

2.3

175.0

77,404

1,951.5

10,974.2

10,770.0

204.2

1,171.4

(NA)

(NA)

31.2

1,911.4

756.0

658.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,021.5

88.8

39.0

893.7

(NA)

119.8

(NA)

2,952

92,178

(NA)

2,839

3,018

5,645

58,021

41,229

2,365

14,427

1,611.8

(X)

420

1,237.0

76,609

1,805.0

12,565.5

12,313.0

252.5

1,187.1

(NA)

20.0

1,303.5

586.0

710.0

(NA)

93.1

126.7

2,465

81,446

5,567

59,862

19,956

39,906

1,263

363

3,615

265

4,808

273

47,637

31,749

2,529

13,359

1,431.0

(X)

418

48.1

1,255.0

2.2

167.7

76,616

1,873.8

10,698.7

10,497.0

201.7

1,155.7

877.5

337.5

17.9

1,842.7

711.4

634.0

(NA)

6.3

31.3

71.3

1,004.7

85.9

37.5

881.3

18.6

116.9

0.5

58,973

32,039

336.5

30.0

90.5

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.
Crop Production (June 2011) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop Yield per acre Production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 1 ........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1 ...............................................................................bales

 Upland 1 ................................................................................bales

 American Pima 1 ...................................................................bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 1 .................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 1 ....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 1 ......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 1 ........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

73.1

152.8

19.3

2.43

3.40

1.95

64.3

31.8

6,725

28.0

71.8

12.5

46.4

46.8

42.4

46.1

1,713

(X)

21.7

870

3,311

1,891

1,320

43.5

1,460

812

805

1,200

27.6

31.2

2,130

1,666

1,726

1,999

1,365

(NA)

1,250

2,093

89

395

289

310

409

125

204

(NA)

45.3

283

180,268

12,446,865

107,314

145,556

67,903

77,653

81,190

11,535

243,104

7,431

345,395

3,420

2,208,391

1,485,236

107,180

615,975

2,450,947

6,098.1

9,056

41,861

4,155,600

4,160

221,335

3,329,341

2,735,570

18,104.1

17,600.0

504.1

31,901

27,360

718,883

237

31,801

14,221

8,657

580

7,900

65,492.6

6,363

397,189

24,820

11,642

360,727

2,318

23,845

3,900

1,450,115

25,640

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Yield in pounds.
18 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop Area planted Area harvested

2010 2011 2010 2011

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1 ....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2 .............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1 .............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2 .........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2 .........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2 ......................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3 ....................................................................

1,162,270

35,690,420

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,269,920

157,830

1,471,450

490,080

2,186,940

(NA)

21,692,600

15,109,100

1,040,050

5,543,440

586,310

(X)

170,370

20,440

521,240

930

70,820

31,324,620

789,750

4,441,150

4,358,510

82,640

474,050

(NA)

(NA)

12,630

773,520

305,950

266,290

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

413,390

35,940

15,780

361,670

(NA)

48,480

(NA)

1,194,640

37,303,510

(NA)

1,148,910

1,221,350

2,284,480

23,480,520

16,684,960

957,090

5,838,460

652,280

(X)

169,970

500,600

31,002,900

730,470

5,085,130

4,982,950

102,180

480,410

(NA)

8,090

527,510

237,150

287,330

(NA)

37,680

51,270

997,560

32,960,380

2,252,910

24,225,550

8,075,990

16,149,560

511,120

146,900

1,462,950

107,240

1,945,750

110,480

19,278,220

12,848,500

1,023,460

5,406,250

579,110

(X)

169,160

19,470

507,890

890

67,870

31,005,730

758,310

4,329,660

4,248,030

81,630

467,700

355,120

136,580

7,240

745,720

287,900

256,570

(NA)

2,550

12,660

28,850

406,590

34,760

15,180

356,650

7,530

47,310

190

23,865,780

12,965,860

136,180

12,150

36,620

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
Crop Production (June 2011) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop Yield per hectare Production

2010 2011 2010 2011

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain ......................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 1 .............................................................................

 Alfalfa .............................................................................

 All other ..........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain ...............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 1 .........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower ............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ...........................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1 .........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ...............................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 1 .....................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall .................................................................................

Spearmint oil ......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

3.93

9.59

43.21

5.45

7.63

4.36

2.31

1.78

7.54

1.76

4.51

28.08

3.12

3.15

2.85

3.10

1.92

(X)

1.36

0.98

3.71

2.12

1.48

2.92

1.64

0.91

0.90

1.34

61.88

69.89

2.39

1.48

1.93

2.24

1.53

(NA)

1.41

2.35

0.10

44.31

32.39

34.80

45.88

0.14

22.86

(NA)

3.04

31.76

3,924,870

316,164,930

97,353,620

132,046,180

61,600,570

70,445,620

1,178,470

261,610

11,027,010

188,760

8,773,440

3,102,570

60,102,550

40,421,500

2,916,960

16,764,090

1,111,730

5,532,100

230,030

18,990

1,884,950

1,890

100,400

90,609,810

1,240,830

3,941,700

3,831,950

109,750

28,940,100

24,820,570

326,080

10,750

1,442,470

645,050

392,670

26,310

3,580

29,710

2,890

18,016,190

1,125,820

528,070

16,362,300

1,050

1,081,590

1,770

39,465,660

1,163,010

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Production may not add due to rounding.
20 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2010 2011

(1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ..............................................................tons

Lemons .................................................................tons

Oranges ................................................................tons

Tangelos (Florida) .................................................tons

Tangerines and mandarins ....................................tons

Noncitrus

Apples ................................................... 1,000 pounds

Apricots .................................................................tons

Bananas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Grapes ..................................................................tons

Olives (California) .................................................tons

Papayas (Hawaii) .............................................pounds

Peaches ................................................................tons

Pears ....................................................................tons

Prunes, dried (California) ......................................tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ................tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) ...........................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..................................tons

Pecans, in-shell ................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) .................................tons

Maple syrup ..................................................... gallons

1,238

882

8,244

41

595

9,286.6

65.5

17,800

6,856.8

190.0

30,100

1,151.3

807.6

127.0

12.3

1,650,000

27

259,660

510

1,960

1,222

940

8,815

52

615

122.0

1,750,000

2,794

1 Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.
Crop Production (June 2011) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2010 2011

(metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ....................................................................

Lemons .......................................................................

Oranges .......................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) .......................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ..........................................

Noncitrus

Apples .........................................................................

Apricots .......................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) ........................................................

Grapes ........................................................................

Olives (California) ........................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) ........................................................

Peaches ......................................................................

Pears ...........................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) .............................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) .......................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .......................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ........................................

Pecans, in-shell ...........................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ........................................

Maple syrup .................................................................

1,123,090

800,140

7,478,830

37,190

539,770

4,212,330

59,400

8,070

6,220,360

172,370

13,650

1,044,440

732,640

115,210

11,160

748,430

24,490

117,780

462,660

9,800

1,108,580

852,750

7,996,830

47,170

557,920

110,680

793,790

13,970

1 Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.
22 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Crop Production (June 2011) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

May Weather Summary

Unusually cool weather across the northern Plains and much of the West contrasted with above-normal temperatures in 

the South and East. Toward month’s end, an intense, early-season heat wave built across the South, while favorable 

warmth overspread the Midwest, while extremely cool weather persisted in California and neighboring areas.

Incessantly wet conditions accompanied the cool weather across the northern Plains, slowing winter wheat development, 

hampering summer crop planting, and triggering widespread flooding in the middle and upper Missouri Valley. By 

June 5, more than one-quarter of the spring wheat had not yet been planted in North Dakota (69 percent planted) and 

Montana (73 percent).

In stark contrast, drought worsened across the southern High Plains and the Deep South. In both regions, dry, increasingly 

hot weather severely stressed pastures and rain-fed summer crops. By June 5, at least half of the rangeland and pastures 

were rated in very poor to poor condition in every southern-tier state from Arizona to Florida, excluding Alabama. On the 

southern Plains, drought resulted in early maturation of the winter wheat crop and promoted a rapid harvest pace. 

Ironically, flood-control efforts extended into drought-affected areas of the lower Mississippi Valley during May, as water 

from the earlier inundation of the Ohio Valley and the Mid-South worked its way downstream.

Farther north, producers in the eastern Corn Belt and far upper Midwest continued to battle wetness in an effort to plant 

corn and soybeans. By June 5, corn planting was just 58 percent complete in Ohio, while Midwestern soybean planting 

had not surpassed the halfway mark in Michigan (50 percent planted), Indiana (49 percent), North Dakota (47 percent), 

and Ohio (26 percent). However, in Midwestern areas where corn and soybeans had emerged, crops benefited from 

frequent showers and late-May warmth.

Elsewhere, cool, showery weather in California, the Great Basin, and the Northwest slowed fieldwork and crop 

development. Chilly conditions also delayed the Western melt season, leaving substantial high-elevation snow still on the 

ground by month’s end - except in drought-affected areas of the Southwest.

May Agricultural Summary

Unusually cool temperatures blanketed much of the western half the United States during May, delaying fieldwork and 

slowing the emergence and development of some small grains and row crops. Most notably, average temperatures in 

portions of the Pacific Northwest and northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountains were as many as 8 degrees below 

normal. Elsewhere, hot, dry weather in Texas adversely affected row crop planting, as well as crop development and 

condition. Limited rainfall throughout the Southeast left many producers waiting for improved soil moisture levels before 

planting their crops, while others put seed in the ground to meet insurance deadlines. Conversely, above average 

precipitation in the Corn Belt, Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Rocky Mountains limited small grain and row crop planting 

in many areas.

With rain-drenched fields throughout much of the Corn Belt, Great Lakes region, and the Ohio Valley limiting fieldwork 

activities during April, producers had planted just 4 percent of the Nation’s corn crop by May 1, fifty-three percentage 

points behind last year and 27 percentage points behind the 5-year average. A week of near-normal temperatures and little 

to no rainfall allowed for an increased planting pace during the week ending May 8. In Iowa, producers worked long 

hours for much of the week, planting 61 percent, or nearly 8.5 million acres, of their intended 2011 crop. Favorable 

weather conditions continued throughout much of the latter half of May, allowing producers ample time to plant their crop 

and promoting rapid emergence across much of the major growing regions. Conversely, persistently wet weather severely 

limited fieldwork in Ohio for much of the month, leading to a major planting delay at month’s end. By May 29, planting 

was complete or nearing completion in many States, and emergence had advanced to 66 percent complete, 17 percentage 

points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Overall, 63 percent of the corn crop was 

reported in good to excellent condition on May 29, compared with 76 percent from the same time last year.

As May began, sorghum producers in Texas were planting irrigated fields in the High Plains, while a lack of rainfall and 

less than adequate soil moisture levels in many dryland fields in other areas of the State caused planting delays. 

Nationally, 30 percent of this year’s crop was planted by May 8, compared with 33 percent last year and a 5-year average 
24 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

of 29 percent. Despite scattered showers, the planting pace in Kansas was steady mid-month with progress slightly ahead 

of last year and normal. By May 29, forty-six percent of the sorghum crop was planted, on par with last year but 

3 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

Wet weather continued to limit fieldwork for producers in many of the major oat-producing regions of the country as the 

month began. By May 1, seeding was complete in 45 percent of the Nation’s oat fields with 35 percent of the crop 

emerged, 27 and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average, respectively. Improved weather conditions in Minnesota, 

Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin allowed for increased seeding mid-month; however, progress remained well behind 

both last year and normal. Crop emergence remained steady following the increased seeding pace. By May 29, producers 

had sown 89 percent of the Nation’s oat crop, 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Emergence was behind

normal in all major estimating States except Iowa and Texas, where progress was complete or nearly complete. With 

activity limited to Iowa, Nebraska, Ohio, and Texas, 27 percent of the oat crop was headed by May 29, slightly behind 

both last year and the 5-year average. In Texas, heading was nearly complete and producers had harvested 59 percent of 

their crop. Overall, 56 percent of the oat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, compared with 78 percent from 

the same time last year.

As rain, snow, and below average temperatures further delayed the start of fieldwork in North Dakota, the largest 

barley-producing State, producers Nationwide had seeded just 18 percent of this year’s crop by May 1, thirty-three 

percentage points behind last year and 25 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Fields began to dry out and 

weather conditions improved mid-month, allowing producers in North Dakota time to begin seeding fields, while cool 

temperatures in portions of the Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains limited crop development. By May 29, 

seeding advanced to 72 percent complete, compared with 96 percent last year and a 5-year average of 95 percent, and 

thirty-nine percent of the barley crop was emerged, 38 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average.

One-third of the winter wheat crop was at or beyond the heading stage as May began, ahead of both last year and the 

5-year average. Above average temperatures and unusually dry conditions in areas of the central and southern Great 

Plains promoted rapid crop development, but negatively impacted crop conditions throughout much of the month. While 

head development gained speed in the Midwest as warmer temperatures prevailed mid-month, flooding and soggy fields 

caused a decline in crop conditions in Arkansas and Illinois. Cool, damp weather in the Pacific Northwest and northern 

Great Plains and Rocky Mountains slowed crop development, pushing overall progress behind the average pace for the 

first time this season during the week ending May 22. By May 29, heading of the winter wheat crop had advanced to 

72 percent complete, slightly behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. As May ended, harvest 

was underway in a limited number of States. In Oklahoma, producers had harvested 45 percent of this year’s crop, well 

ahead of both last year and normal. Overall, 33 percent of the winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent 

condition on May 29, compared with 34 percent on May 1 and 65 percent from the same time last year.

With cool, wet weather limiting fieldwork, seeding progress was behind both last year and normal in the six major spring 

wheat-producing States as May began. As weather conditions improved mid-month, fieldwork activities increased and 

producers were able to seed more of their crop. Double-digit progress was evident in all States except North Dakota 

during the week ending May 15. Nationally, 68 percent of the crop was seeded by May 29, twenty-six percentage points 

behind last year and 27 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Emergence in Montana and North Dakota, 

accounting for nearly 62 percent of the country’s crop, was 40 percentage points or more behind last year and 

44 percentage points or more behind normal due to cool, wet weather that had limited fieldwork, as well as crop growth.

By May 1, rice producers had seeded 49 percent of the Nation’s crop, 28 percentage points behind last year and 

17 percentage points behind the 5-year average. While producers in California took advantage of warm, sunny weather 

and seeded 55 percent of their crop in the 14 days ending May 15, a series of strong, early-month storm systems dumped 

heavy rainfall on much of Arkansas and Missouri, limiting seeding progress to 18 percent or less during the same two 

weeks. Emergence remained steady behind the seeding pace. Seeding was nearly complete in Texas and the lower Delta 

by May 22. In contrast, double-digit progress was evident in California and the upper Delta. By May 29, producers had 

seeded 94 percent of the rice crop, 4 percentage points behind last year and slightly behind the 5-year average. In 

Missouri, some intended acreage was unable to be seeded due to poor field conditions and the lateness of the season. 

Overall, 53 percent of the rice crop was reported in good to excellent condition on May 29, compared with 74 percent 

from the same time last year.
Crop Production (June 2011) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Planting was underway in all but four of the 18 major soybean-producing States by May 8, although progress, at 7 percent 

complete, was 21 percentage points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average. While planting 

was most advanced in the Delta, one of the most significant delays was evident in Mississippi where flooding along the 

Mississippi River left many fields under water. Favorable weather conditions in Illinois and Iowa allowed for rapid 

planting progress mid-month. By May 22, emergence was evident in 12 percent of soybean fields across the country. By 

May 29, fifty-one percent of soybean crop was planted, 20 percentage points behind both last year and the 5-year average. 

Emergence had advanced to 27 percent complete, 16 percentage points behind last year and 12 percentage points behind 

the 5-year average. Emergence was most advanced in the lower Delta, while adverse weather conditions in earlier weeks 

had limited crop development in the upper Delta.

With planting most advanced in Texas, 8 percent of this year’s peanut crop was in the ground as May began, 2 percentage 

points behind last year but slightly ahead of the 5-year average. With the exception of Florida, where unusually dry soils 

limited progress, favorable weather conditions in most States promoted a rapid fieldwork pace mid-month. In Georgia, 

producers made good late-month progress despite dry soil conditions. By May 29, seventy-seven percent of the peanut 

crop was planted, slightly behind last year but 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.

By May 22, sunflower planting was underway in the four major estimating States and had advanced to 11 percent 

complete by May 29, well behind both last year and the 5-year average. Adverse weather conditions earlier in the season 

delayed the start of spring fieldwork in many areas.

As the month began, heavy irrigation was run in cotton fields in southern Texas, while producers in the Northern High 

Plains waited for increased soil temperatures before planting their crop. With improved weather conditions providing 

ample time for fieldwork, planting gained speed mid-month as double-digit progress was evident in 12 of the 15 major 

cotton-producing States. Squaring was underway in portions of the cotton crop in many fields in southern Texas by 

May 15. Hot, windy conditions left many Texas producers scrambling to provide enough irrigation to recently planted 

fields during the latter half of the month. By May 29, producers had planted 73 percent of this year’s cotton crop, 

4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Toward month’s end, producers in 

areas of the High Plains were treating their fields for thrips, while high winds and hot temperatures damaged some 

recently emerged cotton.

With soggy field conditions and steady spring rainfall limiting fieldwork in Minnesota and North Dakota, producers in the 

four major sugarbeet-producing States had planted 15 percent of the Nation’s crop by May 1, eighty percentage points 

behind last year and 46 percentage points behind the 5-year average. With improved weather conditions helping to dry 

wet fields, planting gained speed mid-month. By May 29, planting had advanced to 92 percent complete, 8 percentage 

points behind last year and 7 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

Crop Comments

Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.45 billion bushels, up 2 percent from the May 1 forecast but down 2 percent 

from 2010. Based on June 1 conditions, the United States yield is forecast at 45.3 bushels per acre, up 0.8 bushel from the 

previous forecast but down 1.5 bushels from last year. Expected grain area totals 32.0 million acres, unchanged from last 

month. As of May 29, thirty-three percent of the winter wheat crop in the 18 major producing States was rated in good to 

excellent condition, 32 points below the same week in 2010, and heading had reached 72 percent, 4 percentage points 

behind the 5-year average. 

Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the six Hard Red Winter States (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, 

Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas) are below last year’s level in all States except Oklahoma. Improved weather conditions 

during the past month in the Upper Great Plains resulted in higher forecasted yields. Harvest had begun in Oklahoma, 

Texas, and southern Kansas.

Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in the three Soft Red Winter States (Illinois, Missouri, and Ohio) 

are all above last year’s levels. Wet conditions in Ohio lowered yield expectations from last month. If realized, yield in 

North Carolina will be a new record high and the Michigan yield will equal the record high. 
26 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Forecasted head counts from the objective yield survey in Washington are above last year. The percent of the crop headed 

in the Pacific Northwest was behind the 5-year average in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Yield forecasts increased from 

last month in Oregon and Washington despite rust concerns.

Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 23.5 million bushels, up 

1 percent from May and up 14 percent from last year. The cooler than normal growing season in California has set harvest 

slightly behind normal. If realized, California’s yield of 110.0 bushels per acre will tie last year’s record high yield.

Peaches: The 2011 peach crop in California, Georgia, and South Carolina is forecast at 940,000 tons, down 3 percent 

from last year.

In California, Clingstone development has been slowed due to spring rains and cooler than normal April temperatures. 

This year's statewide full bloom date was three days later than last year. The Extra Early and Early varieties were reported 

to have a heavy set, while the Late and Extra Late varieties were reported to have an average set. Cool and windy weather 

conditions have growers busy protecting their orchards from mildew.

California experienced an adequate number of chilling hours, thus benefiting the Freestone crop. Weather during the 

bloom period was favorable, resulting in a good set. There have been some reports of hail damage on the early varieties, 

but overall the crop is looking good. The early variety peach harvest began during May.

In South Carolina, moderate hail damage, along with little rainfall, negatively impacted crop expectations. Dry weather 

has allowed producers to begin harvesting ahead of schedule. 

Harvest began in Georgia around mid-May and reached 20 percent complete by month’s end, which is ahead of the 5-year 

average of 9 percent. Many of the smaller, non-irrigated operations reported very small fruit size due to the drought-like 

conditions experienced this year.

Bartlett pears: Production of Bartlett pears in California, Oregon, and Washington is forecast at 414,000 tons, up 

6 percent from last year. 

In California, the Bartlett growing season thus far has been characterized by cool, wet weather. Cool spring temperatures 

delayed the start of harvest by a few days. Minimal pest pressure was reported.

This spring has been unusually cool and wet in Oregon. Pear trees blossomed late and estimated harvest dates are two 

weeks behind normal. Some growers reported a good fruit set while others were concerned about fruit set in their areas.

Washington experienced the coldest April temperatures on record followed by exceptionally cool, wet conditions during 

May. Some growers reported pollination problems due to cold, wet weather which occurred during bloom.

Sweet cherries: The combined 2011 sweet cherry production for California, Oregon, and Washington is forecast at 

301,000 tons, up 2 percent from 2010. Washington’s production is forecast at 180,000 tons, up 13 percent from the 

previous year. If realized, this will be the second largest crop on record. The Oregon crop is behind by two to three weeks 

due to an unusually cool spring which limited bee activity and pollination. California experienced a relatively cool and 

moist growing season for cherries.

Prunes (dried plums): California’s 2011 prune production forecast is 122,000 dried tons, down 4 percent from the 

revised 127,000 tons in 2010. Cooler and wet weather delayed this year’s dried plum bloom. Rain held up pollination and 

some growing areas experienced hail and frost. 

Apricots: California’s 2011 production forecast is 55,000 tons, down 7 percent from the 2010 crop. Heavy precipitation 

and cool temperatures in the spring slowed the maturity of the crop. The harvest is several days behind due to rain during 

pollination and cool temperatures which slowed the development of apricots.
Crop Production (June 2011) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, temperatures were predominately in the 80s during the month. Weather 

stations reported lows in the 60s and highs in the 90s this month. Drought conditions persisted with little precipitation 

recorded throughout May in most citrus producing areas. 

Harvesting of grapefruit neared completion while Valencia harvesting continued. Valencia oranges and grapefruit made 

up the majority of fruit going to the plants. Heavy irrigation and harvesting dominated the grove activities this month.

California citrus: The Valencia orange and grapefruit harvests continued normally in the San Joaquin Valley, as the 

navel orange, lemon, and mandarin harvests neared completion. Lemons and grapefruit continued to be picked along the 

Southern Coast.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Early cherries were picked in Southern California and the San Joaquin Valley. The 

harvest of early-variety apricots, peaches, and nectarines began. The blueberry and strawberry harvests were ongoing in 

the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys along with new plantings. The olive bloom began in the San Joaquin Valley, 

while the grape bloom ended. The bloom was not uniform. Thinning and irrigation continued in fruit orchards and 

vineyards, as well as weed and pest control. 

Normal nut drop occurred in almond orchards with larger nut drop being observed among Butte varieties. Cooler 

temperatures continued to delay almond development. Nut fill has been slow. Monitoring of the peach twig borer, navel 

orangeworm, and mites was ongoing. Blight control sprays were ongoing in walnut orchards as bloom continued and 

pesticide sprays were applied in pistachio orchards. High numbers of navel orangeworm were reported in pistachio 

orchards in Kern County, causing affected growers to add an insecticide to planned nutrient sprays.

Grapefruit: The 2010-2011 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.22 million tons, up 1 percent from the May 1 

forecast but down 1 percent from the 2009-2010 crop.

Florida grapefruit production is forecast at 19.9 million boxes (846,000 tons), up 2 percent from the previous forecast but 

down 2 percent from last season. The Florida white grapefruit forecast is 5.90 million boxes (251,000 tons), up 5 percent 

from the previous forecast, but down 2 percent from the 2009-2010 season. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 

14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but 2 percent below last season. As of May 1, 

approximately 98 percent of the white grapefruit crop and all of the colored grapefruit crop had been harvested. California 

and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the previous forecast.

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 615,000 tons, unchanged from 

the May 1 forecast but up 3 percent from the previous season. Florida’s tangerine crop is forecast at 4.60 million boxes 

(219,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but up 3 percent from the previous season. Utilization and survey 

data indicate that the Florida tangerine harvest is complete. Arizona and California tangerine and mandarin production 

forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from the May 1 forecast but up 

28 percent from last season’s final utilization.

Hops: Area strung for harvest in 2011 for Washington, Oregon, and Idaho is forecast at 30,016 acres, 4 percent below the 

2010 crop of 31,289 acres. All three States growing hops decreased their acreage from the previous year. Early growth 

was slow due to a cool, moist spring. The growth rate picked up as the crop progressed and hops were reported to be one 

third to one half to the wire. By June 1, the presence of downy mildew was above average in Washington.

Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2010 crop year is revised to 31.9 million tons, down slightly from the 

January end-of-season estimate but 7 percent above 2009. Planted area totaled 1.17 million acres while harvested area 

totaled 1.16 million acres, both unchanged from the previous estimate. The United States yield, at 27.6 tons per acre, is 

also unchanged from the previous estimate but up 1.7 tons per acre from the record high set in 2009 making the 2010 crop 

yield a new record. Record high yields for the 2010 crop were achieved in Colorado, Minnesota, North Dakota, and 

Wyoming.
28 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed in 2010 is revised to 27.4 million tons, down 3 percent from the 

March estimate and down 10 percent from 2009. Area harvested for sugar production totaled 877,500 acres for sugar and 

seed for the 2010 crop year, down 5,700 acres from March but up 3,600 acres from the previous year. Yield for sugar and 

seed is estimated at 31.2 tons per acre, down 0.6 ton from the previous estimate and down 3.6 tons from 2009.

Production of sugarcane for sugar is revised to 25.7 million tons, down 3 percent from the March estimate and 10 percent 

below 2009. Area harvested for sugar production totaled 825,300 acres, down 4,400 acres from the previous estimate but 

up 8,300 acres from last year. Yield of sugarcane for sugar is revised to 31.1 tons per acre, down 0.7 ton per acre from 

March and 3.8 tons per acre below 2009.

Sweet potatoes: Production of sweet potatoes in 2010 totaled 23.8 million cwt, unchanged from the Crop Production 

2010 Summary released in January 2011 but up 22 percent from the previous year. Growers harvested 117,000 acres, up 

21 percent from 2009. Yield per acre, at 204 cwt, is unchanged from January but up 3 cwt from last year and is a record 

high. 

Maple syrup: The 2011 United States maple syrup production totaled 2.79 million gallons, up 43 percent from the 

revised 2010 total. The number of taps is estimated at 9.58 million, 3 percent above the 2010 revised total of 9.26 million. 

Yield per tap is estimated to be 0.292 gallons, up 38 percent from the previous season’s revised yield.

All States showed an increase in production from the previous year. Vermont led all States in production while production 

in New York rebounded from last year’s cold affected season. Pennsylvania production was a record high. Ohio producers 

reported excellent sap collecting conditions which produced the highest yield per tap that the State has seen since this 

statistic was first measured in 2001. Temperatures were reported to be favorable for optimal sap flow in all States. On 

average, the season lasted 32 days compared with 23 days last year. In most States, the season started later than last year. 

The earliest sap flow reported was January 10 in New York. The latest sap flow reported was February 14 in 

New Hampshire.

The 2010 United States price per gallon was $37.50, down $0.40 from the revised 2009 price of $37.90. The United States 

value of production, at $73.6 million for 2010, was down 19 percent from the revised previous season. The value of 

production was down in all States.
Crop Production (June 2011) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between May 25 and June 6 to 

gather information on expected yield as of June 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in 10 States that accounted 

for 72 percent of the 2010 winter wheat production. Farm operators were interviewed to update previously reported 

acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made 

within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and 

number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that will be harvested. The counts are used with 

similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to 

obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and 

weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting 

loss.

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet and personal 

interviewers. Approximately 5,600 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about the 

probable yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide 

indications of average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the June 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which 

produces about 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the season 

based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative data or 

special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and 

subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which are combined with the 

previous components and are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and 

packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement 

surveys in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published June 1 forecasts.

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current 

situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare 

the published June 1 forecast. The June 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from 

April.

Revision policy: The June 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing 

season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. 

Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season 

orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates 

are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, 

shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the June 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a 

statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the June 1 production forecast and the 

final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the 

latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." 

Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-ofseason estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.
30 Crop Production (June 2011)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 winter wheat production forecast is 5.4 percent. This means that chances are 

2 out of 3 that the current winter wheat production will not be above or below the final estimate by more than 5.4 percent. 

Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 9.4 percent. Differences between 

the June 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have averaged 72 million 

bushels, ranging from 3 million to 242 million bushels. The June 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 11 times and 

above 9 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final 

production.

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the June 1 orange production forecast is 1.6 percent. However, if you exclude the four 

abnormal production seasons (two freeze seasons and two hurricane seasons), the “Root Mean Square Error” is 

1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below 

the final estimates by more than 1.6 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 

10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.7 percent, or 3.0 percent, excluding abnormal 

seasons. 

Changes between the June 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 128,000 tons 

(150,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 368,000 tons when including or excluding 

abnormal seasons. The June 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 7 times and above 13 times (below 

4 times and above 12 times, excluding abnormal seasons). The difference does not imply that the June 1 forecast this year 

is likely to understate or overstate final production.
Crop Production (June 2011) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688

 Bryan Durham – Hay, Oats.............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3234

 Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Nick Schauer – Wheat, Rye ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley............................................................................................. (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries..................................... (202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288

 Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Sugar Crops, Tropical Fruits ........................................ (202) 720-5412

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250

 Kim Ritchie – Hops.......................................................................................................................... (360) 709-2400

 Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .............................................. (202) 720-4285

 Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215
Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov

 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free 

subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Receive NASS Updates” box under “Receive reports by 

Email,” click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive. 

 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free 

(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of 

payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order. 

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@nass.usda.gov. 

 

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