Crop Production 

ISSN: 1936-3737

Released October 8, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of 

Agriculture (USDA).

Corn Production Down 4 Percent from September Forecast

Soybean Production Down 2 Percent

Cotton Production Up Fractionally

Orange Production Up 10 Percent from Last Season

Corn production is forecast at 12.7 billion bushels, down 4 percent from the September forecast and down 3 percent from 

last year’s record production of 13.1 billion bushels. Based on conditions as of October 1, yields are expected to average 

155.8 bushels per acre, down 6.7 bushels from the previous month and 8.9 bushels below last year’s record of 

164.7 bushels. Forecasted yields decreased from last month throughout much of the Corn Belt and Tennessee Valley. 

Illinois showed the largest decline, down 14 bushels per acre. Indiana and Iowa are both down 10 bushels from the 

previous month, while Missouri and Nebraska declined 9 bushels per acre. Area harvested for grain is forecast at 

81.3 million acres, up less than 1 percent from the September forecast. Acreage updates were made in several States based 

on administrative data.

Soybean production is forecast at a record high 3.41 billion bushels, down 2 percent from September but 1 percent above 

last year. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average a record high 44.4 bushels per acre, down 

0.3 bushel from last month but up 0.4 bushel from last year. Compared with last month, yields are forecast lower or 

unchanged in all major-producing States except Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, New York, and Wisconsin. The 

largest decreases in yield from last month are expected in North Carolina and Virginia, down 5 and 4 bushels, 

respectively. If realized, the forecasted yields in Illinois, Louisiana, Nebraska, New York, North Dakota, and Wisconsin 

will be record highs and the forecasted yield in Minnesota will tie the previous record high. Area for harvest in the United 

States is forecast at 76.8 million acres, down 1 percent from the previous estimate but up 1 percent from 2009. Acreage 

updates were made in several States based on administrative data.

All cotton production is forecast at 18.9 million 480-pound bales, up slightly from last month and up 55 percent from last 

year’s 12.2 million bales. Yield is expected to average 841 pounds per harvested acre, up 64 pounds from last year. 

Upland cotton production is forecast at 18.4 million 480-pound bales, up fractionally from last month and 56 percent 

above 2009. Producers in Texas and the Delta region are expecting increased yields from last month while producers in 

the Southeastern region are expecting reduced yields. American Pima production, forecast at 497,800 bales, was carried 

forward from last month.
2 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

The United States all orange forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 9.06 million tons, up 10 percent from the 2009-2010 

final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 146 million boxes (6.57 million tons), is up 9 percent from last 

season’s final utilization. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 69.0 million boxes (3.11 million 

tons), 1 percent higher than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 77.0 million boxes (3.47 million tons), is 

up 18 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. Weather conditions during early 2010 were characterized by extremely cold 

temperatures and above average rainfall. Average fruit per tree is projected to be 15 percent higher than last season.

All orange production in California is forecast at 2.42 million tons (60.5 million boxes), up 14 percent from last season. 

The California navel forecast, at 1.86 million tons (46.5 million boxes), is up 17 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. 

Valencia oranges are forecast at 560,000 tons (14.0 million boxes), unchanged from last season. The navel orange crop 

continued to develop slightly behind schedule, with harvest expected to begin in late-October to early-November. In 

Texas, orange production is forecast at 1.69 million boxes (72,000 tons), up 3 percent from last season’s final utilization.

Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 1.61 gallons per box at 

42.0 degrees Brix, up 3 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.56 gallons per box. Projected yield from the 2010-2011 

early-midseason and Valencia varieties will be published in the January Crop Production report. All projections of yield 

assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several seasons.

This report was approved on October 8, 2010.

Acting Secretary of

Agriculture

Kathleen A. Merrigan

Agricultural Statistics Board

Chairperson

Hubert Hamer
Crop Production (October 2010) 3

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Selected Crops Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2010 ...................................................................... 6

Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010....................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Corn Production – United States Chart................................................................................................................................... 9

Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................... 9

Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted October 1, 2010................ 10

Rice Production by Class – United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010.................................................... 10

Soybean Production – United States Chart........................................................................................................................... 10

Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 11

Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 12

Peanut Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 13

Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010..................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 14

Cottonseed Production – United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010........................................................ 15

Cotton Production – United States Chart.............................................................................................................................. 15

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2008, 

2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010.................................................................................................................................. 16

All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 17

Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010..................................................................................................................................................................... 18

Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 18

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 19

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
4 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010...................................................................................................................................................21

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010...................................................................................................................................................22

Commercial Apple Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010 ..........................23

Pecan Production by Variety – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010 .............................24

Grape Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010 ...............................................25

Prune (Dried Plum) Production – California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted 2010..................................................................25

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units) .........................................................26

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)....................................................................27

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)..............................................................28

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units).........................................................................29

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units) ..........................................................................30

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2009-2011 (Metric Units)...............................................................................31

Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre – Selected States: 2006-2010 ..............................................................................32

Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet – Selected States: 2006-2010 .......................................................................33

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2006-2010.............................................................................................34

Percent of Normal Precipitation............................................................................................................................................35

Departure from Normal Temperature....................................................................................................................................35

September Weather Summary...............................................................................................................................................36

September Agricultural Summary.........................................................................................................................................36

Crop Comments ....................................................................................................................................................................39

Statistical Methodology.........................................................................................................................................................46

Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecast...............................................................................................................47

Information Contacts.............................................................................................................................................................48
Crop Production (October 2010) 5

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

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6 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Selected Crops Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2010

State

Corn 1 Sorghum 1 Soybeans 1

Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Planted Harvested

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Alabama .......................

Arizona .........................

Arkansas .......................

California ......................

Colorado .......................

Connecticut ...................

Delaware ......................

Florida ...........................

Georgia .........................

Idaho .............................

Illinois ............................

Indiana ..........................

Iowa ..............................

Kansas ..........................

Kentucky .......................

Louisiana ......................

Maine ............................

Maryland .......................

Massachusetts ..............

Michigan .......................

Minnesota .....................

Mississippi ....................

Missouri ........................

Montana ........................

Nebraska ......................

Nevada .........................

New Hampshire ............

New Jersey ...................

New Mexico ..................

New York ......................

North Carolina ...............

North Dakota .................

Ohio ..............................

Oklahoma .....................

Oregon ..........................

Pennsylvania ................

Rhode Island .................

South Carolina ..............

South Dakota ................

Tennessee ....................

Texas ............................

Utah ..............................

Vermont ........................

Virginia ..........................

Washington ...................

West Virginia .................

Wisconsin .....................

Wyoming .......................

United States ................

270

45

390

600

1,330

26

180

60

300

310

12,600

5,900

13,400

4,800

1,340

510

29

490

17

2,400

7,700

750

3,200

80

9,150

4

14

82

140

1,050

920

2,050

3,500

370

70

1,350

2

350

4,550

710

2,300

65

90

490

200

48

3,900

90

88,222

250

15

380

140

1,190

(NA)

170

25

250

95

12,400

5,740

13,100

4,500

1,230

500

(NA)

430

(NA)

2,150

7,200

730

3,050

35

8,900

(NA)

(NA)

72

55

590

850

1,820

3,280

320

38

940

(NA)

330

4,250

630

2,100

22

(NA)

320

135

31

2,950

50

81,263

(NA)

30

40

(NA)

210

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

45

(NA)

35

(NA)

(NA)

2,350

(NA)

85

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

12

40

(NA)

155

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

90

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

270

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

140

(NA)

1,900

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

5,402

(NA)

5

35

(NA)

140

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

30

(NA)

33

(NA)

(NA)

2,200

(NA)

80

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

10

35

(NA)

75

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

55

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

230

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

80

(NA)

1,650

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

4,658

360

(NA)

3,190

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

175

25

275

(NA)

9,100

5,350

9,900

4,300

1,400

1,030

(NA)

470

(NA)

2,100

7,400

2,000

5,200

(NA)

5,150

(NA)

(NA)

94

(NA)

285

1,580

4,100

4,700

500

(NA)

490

(NA)

465

4,200

1,450

205

(NA)

(NA)

560

(NA)

20

1,640

(NA)

77,714

350

(NA)

3,130

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

173

22

255

(NA)

9,050

5,330

9,850

4,250

1,380

1,000

(NA)

460

(NA)

2,090

7,310

1,950

5,130

(NA)

5,100

(NA)

(NA)

92

(NA)

282

1,550

4,050

4,680

460

(NA)

485

(NA)

450

4,150

1,410

185

(NA)

(NA)

550

(NA)

19

1,630

(NA)

76,823

See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued
Crop Production (October 2010) 7

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Selected Crops Area Planted and Harvested – States and United States: 2010 (continued)

State

Canola 1 Sunflower 1

Oil Non-oil All

Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Planted Harvested

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

California .................

Colorado ..................

Idaho .......................

Kansas ....................

Minnesota ................

Montana ..................

Nebraska .................

North Dakota ...........

Oklahoma ................

Oregon ....................

South Dakota ...........

Texas ......................

Other States 2..........

United States ...........

(NA)

(NA)

19.5

(NA)

46.0

17.5

(NA)

1,280.0

60.0

6.0

(NA)

(NA)

19.8

1,448.8

(NA)

(NA)

18.4

(NA)

44.0

16.5

(NA)

1,260.0

55.0

5.5

(NA)

(NA)

18.8

1,418.2

29.0

95.0

(NA)

110.0

55.0

(NA)

25.0

700.0

11.0

(NA)

410.0

30.0

(X)

1,465.0

28.0

88.0

(NA)

100.0

53.0

(NA)

24.0

685.0

10.5

(NA)

400.0

26.0

(X)

1,414.5

8.0

35.0

(NA)

28.0

33.0

(NA)

37.0

185.0

1.5

(NA)

100.0

60.0

(X)

487.5

8.0

32.0

(NA)

26.0

31.0

(NA)

35.0

177.0

1.3

(NA)

95.0

53.0

(X)

458.3

37.0

130.0

(NA)

138.0

88.0

(NA)

62.0

885.0

12.5

(NA)

510.0

90.0

(X)

1,952.5

36.0

120.0

(NA)

126.0

84.0

(NA)

59.0

862.0

11.8

(NA)

495.0

79.0

(X)

1,872.8

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Updated from previous report.

2 Other States for Canola include Colorado, Kansas, and Washington.
8 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Corn for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Alabama .........................

Arkansas .........................

California ........................

Colorado .........................

Delaware ........................

Georgia ...........................

Illinois ..............................

Indiana ............................

Iowa ................................

Kansas ............................

Kentucky .........................

Louisiana ........................

Maryland .........................

Michigan .........................

Minnesota .......................

Mississippi ......................

Missouri ..........................

Nebraska ........................

New Jersey .....................

New York ........................

North Carolina .................

North Dakota ...................

Ohio ................................

Oklahoma .......................

Pennsylvania ..................

South Carolina ................

South Dakota ..................

Tennessee ......................

Texas ..............................

Virginia ............................

Washington .....................

Wisconsin .......................

Other States 1.................

United States ..................

250

410

160

990

163

370

11,800

5,460

13,400

3,860

1,150

610

425

2,090

7,150

695

2,920

8,850

70

595

800

1,740

3,140

320

920

320

4,680

590

1,960

330

105

2,930

337

79,590

250

380

140

1,190

170

250

12,400

5,740

13,100

4,500

1,230

500

430

2,150

7,200

730

3,050

8,900

72

590

850

1,820

3,280

320

940

330

4,250

630

2,100

320

135

2,950

366

81,263

108.0

148.0

180.0

153.0

145.0

140.0

174.0

171.0

182.0

155.0

165.0

132.0

145.0

148.0

174.0

126.0

153.0

178.0

143.0

134.0

117.0

115.0

174.0

105.0

143.0

111.0

151.0

148.0

130.0

131.0

215.0

153.0

161.4

164.7

120.0

152.0

195.0

144.0

115.0

142.0

174.0

170.0

179.0

138.0

135.0

150.0

100.0

154.0

177.0

134.0

143.0

179.0

118.0

144.0

90.0

140.0

173.0

135.0

128.0

99.0

145.0

122.0

140.0

65.0

210.0

159.0

161.1

162.5

120.0

150.0

195.0

144.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

160.0

169.0

130.0

128.0

150.0

95.0

156.0

175.0

134.0

134.0

170.0

122.0

148.0

90.0

140.0

167.0

130.0

128.0

91.0

145.0

117.0

140.0

56.0

205.0

162.0

160.7

155.8

27,000

60,680

28,800

151,470

23,635

51,800

2,053,200

933,660

2,438,800

598,300

189,750

80,520

61,625

309,320

1,244,100

87,570

446,760

1,575,300

10,010

79,730

93,600

200,100

546,360

33,600

131,560

35,520

706,680

87,320

254,800

43,230

22,575

448,290

54,397

13,110,062

30,000

57,000

27,300

171,360

20,400

35,000

1,984,000

918,400

2,213,900

585,000

157,440

75,000

40,850

335,400

1,260,000

97,820

408,700

1,513,000

8,784

87,320

76,500

254,800

547,760

41,600

120,320

30,030

616,250

73,710

294,000

17,920

27,675

477,900

58,810

12,663,949

1 Other States include Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will 

be published in the Crop Production 2010 Summary.
Crop Production (October 2010) 9

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sorghum for Grain Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Arkansas .......................

Colorado ........................

Illinois ............................

Kansas ..........................

Louisiana .......................

Mississippi .....................

Missouri .........................

Nebraska .......................

New Mexico ...................

Oklahoma ......................

South Dakota .................

Texas ............................

Other States 1................

United States .................

37

150

36

2,550

65

11

43

140

50

220

120

2,050

48

5,520

35

140

33

2,200

80

10

35

75

55

230

80

1,650

35

4,658

79.0

45.0

82.0

88.0

82.0

70.0

86.0

93.0

46.0

56.0

61.0

48.0

58.3

69.4

80.0

34.0

98.0

80.0

100.0

70.0

95.0

94.0

50.0

53.0

58.0

69.0

41.5

72.7

77.0

37.0

98.0

78.0

100.0

69.0

95.0

94.0

55.0

53.0

58.0

69.0

50.0

72.4

2,923

6,750

2,952

224,400

5,330

770

3,698

13,020

2,300

12,320

7,320

98,400

2,800

382,983

2,695

5,180

3,234

171,600

8,000

690

3,325

7,050

3,025

12,190

4,640

113,850

1,750

337,229

1 Other States include Arizona and Georgia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2010 Summary.

8.0

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

13.0

14.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Billion bushels

Corn Production – United States
10 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Rice Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production 1

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arkansas ................

California ...............

Louisiana ...............

Mississippi .............

Missouri .................

Texas .....................

United States .........

1,470

556

464

243

200

170

3,103

1,785

566

525

308

251

188

3,623

6,800

8,600

6,300

6,700

6,710

7,770

7,085

6,930

7,800

6,500

7,200

7,100

7,100

7,047

6,400

7,900

6,500

6,500

6,300

7,100

6,687

99,924

47,804

29,217

16,281

13,423

13,201

219,850

114,240

44,714

34,125

20,020

15,813

13,348

242,260

1

Includes sweet rice production.

Rice Production by Class – United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010

Year Long grain Medium grain Short grain 1 All

(1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

2008 ........................

2009 ........................

2010 2......................

153,257

152,725

181,985

47,166

63,291

57,546

3,310

3,834

2,729

203,733

219,850

242,260

1 Sweet rice production included with short grain.

2

The 2010 rice production by class forecasts are based on class harvested acreage estimates and the 5-year average class yield compared to the all 

rice yield.

2.3

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Billion bushels

Soybean Production – United States
Crop Production (October 2010) 11

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Soybeans for Beans Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (bushels) (bushels) (bushels) (1,000 bushels) (1,000 bushels)

Alabama ...........................

Arkansas ..........................

Delaware ..........................

Georgia ............................

Illinois ...............................

Indiana .............................

Iowa ..................................

Kansas .............................

Kentucky ...........................

Louisiana ..........................

Maryland ...........................

Michigan ...........................

Minnesota .........................

Mississippi ........................

Missouri ............................

Nebraska ..........................

New Jersey .......................

New York ..........................

North Carolina ..................

North Dakota ....................

Ohio ..................................

Oklahoma .........................

Pennsylvania ....................

South Carolina ..................

South Dakota ....................

Tennessee ........................

Texas ...............................

Virginia .............................

Wisconsin .........................

Other States 1...................

United States ....................

430

3,270

183

440

9,350

5,440

9,530

3,650

1,420

940

475

1,990

7,120

2,030

5,300

4,760

87

254

1,750

3,870

4,530

390

445

565

4,190

1,530

190

570

1,620

53

76,372

350

3,130

173

255

9,050

5,330

9,850

4,250

1,380

1,000

460

2,090

7,310

1,950

5,130

5,100

92

282

1,550

4,050

4,680

460

485

450

4,150

1,410

185

550

1,630

41

76,823

40.0

37.5

42.0

36.0

46.0

49.0

51.0

44.0

48.0

39.0

42.0

40.0

40.0

38.0

43.5

54.5

42.0

43.0

34.0

30.0

49.0

31.0

46.0

24.5

42.0

45.0

25.0

37.0

40.0

39.1

44.0

32.0

37.0

34.0

33.0

51.0

50.0

52.0

36.0

35.0

42.0

34.0

42.0

46.0

38.0

42.0

55.0

34.0

47.0

30.0

37.0

48.0

23.0

43.0

27.5

40.0

34.0

31.0

28.0

45.0

36.9

44.7

29.0

35.0

34.0

31.0

52.0

50.0

52.0

34.0

36.0

44.0

33.0

44.0

45.0

38.0

41.0

55.0

33.0

49.0

25.0

37.0

48.0

23.0

43.0

26.5

40.0

33.0

31.0

24.0

49.0

35.0

44.4

17,200

122,625

7,686

15,840

430,100

266,560

486,030

160,600

68,160

36,660

19,950

79,600

284,800

77,140

230,550

259,420

3,654

10,922

59,500

116,100

221,970

12,090

20,470

13,843

175,980

68,850

4,750

21,090

64,800

2,071

3,359,011

10,150

109,550

5,882

7,905

470,600

266,500

512,200

144,500

49,680

44,000

15,180

91,960

328,950

74,100

210,330

280,500

3,036

13,818

38,750

149,850

224,640

10,580

20,855

11,925

166,000

46,530

5,735

13,200

79,870

1,435

3,408,211

1 Other States include Florida and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2010 Summary.
12 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sunflower Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Varietal

type and

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 12009 2010 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Oil

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Kansas ....................................

Minnesota ...............................

Nebraska ................................

North Dakota ...........................

Oklahoma ...............................

South Dakota ..........................

Texas ......................................

United States ..........................

Non-oil

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Kansas ....................................

Minnesota ...............................

Nebraska ................................

North Dakota ...........................

Oklahoma ...............................

South Dakota ..........................

Texas ......................................

United States ..........................

All

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Kansas ....................................

Minnesota ...............................

Nebraska ................................

North Dakota ...........................

Oklahoma ...............................

South Dakota ..........................

Texas ......................................

United States ..........................

33.5

68.0

140.0

44.0

26.0

760.0

12.5

510.0

59.0

1,653.0

8.0

19.0

15.0

20.0

21.0

108.0

2.5

48.0

59.0

300.5

41.5

87.0

155.0

64.0

47.0

868.0

15.0

558.0

118.0

1,953.5

28.0

88.0

100.0

53.0

24.0

685.0

10.5

400.0

26.0

1,414.5

8.0

32.0

26.0

31.0

35.0

177.0

1.3

95.0

53.0

458.3

36.0

120.0

126.0

84.0

59.0

862.0

11.8

495.0

79.0

1,872.8

1,200

1,320

1,580

1,400

1,200

1,520

1,100

1,800

900

1,563

1,350

1,700

1,600

1,250

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,800

1,300

1,506

1,229

1,403

1,582

1,353

1,334

1,518

1,167

1,800

1,100

1,554

1,233

1,093

1,252

1,489

1,519

1,638

1,456

1,652

1,400

1,552

40,200

89,760

221,200

61,600

31,200

1,155,200

13,750

918,000

53,100

2,584,010

10,800

32,300

24,000

25,000

31,500

162,000

3,750

86,400

76,700

452,450

51,000

122,060

245,200

86,600

62,700

1,317,200

17,500

1,004,400

129,800

3,036,460

44,400

131,200

157,700

125,100

89,600

1,412,300

17,180

817,750

110,600

2,905,830

1

2010 yield and production estimates for oil and non-oil varieties will be published in the Crop Production 2010 Summary.
Crop Production (October 2010) 13

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Peanut Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area planted Area harvested

2008 2009 12010 2008 2009 12010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Alabama ........................

Florida ...........................

Georgia .........................

Mississippi .....................

New Mexico ...................

North Carolina ...............

Oklahoma ......................

South Carolina ...............

Texas ............................

Virginia ..........................

United States .................

195

150

690

22

8

98

19

71

257

24

1,534

155

115

510

21

7

67

14

50

165

12

1,116

190

145

565

19

10

89

21

68

165

18

1,290

193

140

685

21

8

97

18

68

253

24

1,507

150

105

505

18

7

66

13

48

155

12

1,079

187

135

560

18

10

88

20

65

160

18

1,261

State

Yield Production

2008 2009 1

2010

2008 2009 12010

September 1 October 1

(pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Alabama ........................

Florida ...........................

Georgia .........................

Mississippi .....................

New Mexico ...................

North Carolina ...............

Oklahoma ......................

South Carolina ...............

Texas ............................

Virginia ..........................

United States .................

3,500

3,200

3,400

3,900

3,200

3,700

3,500

3,900

3,300

3,350

3,426

3,300

3,200

3,560

3,000

3,100

3,700

3,300

3,100

3,270

3,700

3,421

2,900

2,900

3,400

3,200

3,100

3,000

3,200

3,300

3,600

2,400

3,242

2,600

3,000

3,300

3,200

2,900

2,800

3,200

3,200

3,350

2,000

3,106

675,500

448,000

2,329,000

81,900

25,600

358,900

63,000

265,200

834,900

80,400

5,162,400

495,000

336,000

1,797,800

54,000

21,700

244,200

42,900

148,800

506,850

44,400

3,691,650

486,200

405,000

1,848,000

57,600

29,000

246,400

64,000

208,000

536,000

36,000

3,916,200

1 Revised.

Canola Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Idaho .......................................

Minnesota ................................

Montana ..................................

North Dakota ...........................

Oklahoma ................................

Oregon ....................................

Other States 1..........................

United States ...........................

14.5

12.5

6.5

725.0

37.0

4.4

14.1

814.0

18.4

44.0

16.5

1,260.0

55.0

5.5

18.8

1,418.2

1,700

1,700

1,660

1,840

1,300

2,550

1,711

1,811

1,800

1,400

1,800

1,810

1,600

2,500

1,424

1,786

24,650

21,250

10,790

1,334,000

48,100

11,220

24,120

1,474,130

33,120

61,600

29,700

2,280,600

88,000

13,750

26,780

2,533,550

1 Other States include Colorado, Kansas, and Washington.
14 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

Type

and

State

Area harvested Yield Production 1

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 bales) 2(1,000 bales) 2

Upland

Alabama ..........................

Arizona ............................

Arkansas ..........................

California .........................

Florida ..............................

Georgia ............................

Kansas .............................

Louisiana .........................

Mississippi .......................

Missouri ...........................

New Mexico .....................

North Carolina ..................

Oklahoma ........................

South Carolina .................

Tennessee .......................

Texas ...............................

Virginia .............................

United States ...................

American Pima 3

Arizona ............................

California .........................

New Mexico .....................

Texas ...............................

United States ...................

All 

Alabama ..........................

Arizona ............................

Arkansas ..........................

California .........................

Florida ..............................

Georgia ............................

Kansas .............................

Louisiana .........................

Mississippi .......................

Missouri ...........................

New Mexico .....................

North Carolina ..................

Oklahoma ........................

South Carolina .................

Tennessee .......................

Texas ...............................

Virginia .............................

United States ...................

248.0

144.0

500.0

70.0

78.0

990.0

34.0

225.0

290.0

260.0

29.5

370.0

195.0

114.0

280.0

3,500.0

63.0

7,390.5

1.6

116.0

2.8

17.8

138.2

248.0

145.6

500.0

186.0

78.0

990.0

34.0

225.0

290.0

260.0

32.3

370.0

195.0

114.0

280.0

3,517.8

63.0

7,528.7

343.0

193.0

540.0

123.0

89.0

1,325.0

48.0

250.0

420.0

313.0

43.0

545.0

265.0

200.0

387.0

5,400.0

82.0

10,566.0

2.5

184.0

3.0

17.5

207.0

343.0

195.5

540.0

307.0

89.0

1,325.0

48.0

250.0

420.0

313.0

46.0

545.0

265.0

200.0

387.0

5,417.5

82.0

10,773.0

668

1,477

818

1,646

723

902

748

745

687

927

1,172

990

785

872

843

634

1,052

766

1,170

1,494

686

836

1,389

668

1,473

818

1,551

723

902

748

745

687

927

1,129

990

785

872

843

635

1,052

777

630

1,467

1,067

1,522

701

833

680

787

903

966

1,005

775

815

816

881

782

673

833

960

1,174

928

1,015

1,154

630

1,461

1,067

1,313

701

833

680

787

903

966

1,000

775

815

816

881

783

673

839

616

1,492

1,067

1,483

647

761

700

845

949

1,043

1,060

766

824

840

905

791

673

835

960

1,174

928

1,015

1,154

616

1,485

1,067

1,298

647

761

700

845

949

1,043

1,052

766

824

840

905

792

673

841

345.0

443.0

852.0

240.0

117.5

1,860.0

53.0

349.0

415.0

502.0

72.0

763.0

319.0

207.0

492.0

4,620.0

138.1

11,787.6

3.9

361.0

4.0

31.0

399.9

345.0

446.9

852.0

601.0

117.5

1,860.0

53.0

349.0

415.0

502.0

76.0

763.0

319.0

207.0

492.0

4,651.0

138.1

12,187.5

440.0

600.0

1,200.0

380.0

120.0

2,100.0

70.0

440.0

830.0

680.0

95.0

870.0

455.0

350.0

730.0

8,900.0

115.0

18,375.0

5.0

450.0

5.8

37.0

497.8

440.0

605.0

1,200.0

830.0

120.0

2,100.0

70.0

440.0

830.0

680.0

100.8

870.0

455.0

350.0

730.0

8,937.0

115.0

18,872.8

1 Production ginned and to be ginned.

2

480-lb. net weight bale.

3 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast.
Crop Production (October 2010) 15

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cottonseed Production – United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Production

2008 2009 2010 1

(1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

United States .............. 4,300.3 4,148.8 6,391.0

1 Based on a 3-year average lint-seed ratio.

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

22.0

24.0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Million bales

Cotton Production – United States
16 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Alfalfa and Alfalfa Mixtures for Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 

2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Arizona ...........................

California ........................

Colorado .........................

Idaho ...............................

Illinois ..............................

Indiana ............................

Iowa ................................

Kansas ............................

Kentucky .........................

Michigan .........................

Minnesota .......................

Missouri ..........................

Montana ..........................

Nebraska ........................

Nevada ...........................

New Mexico ....................

New York ........................

North Dakota ...................

Ohio ................................

Oklahoma .......................

Oregon ............................

Pennsylvania ..................

South Dakota ..................

Texas ..............................

Utah ................................

Virginia ............................

Washington .....................

Wisconsin .......................

Wyoming .........................

Other States 1.................

United States ..................

280

980

850

1,140

340

300

920

850

220

700

1,300

280

1,700

950

280

240

350

1,780

380

320

400

500

2,500

120

530

90

490

1,550

690

197

21,227

300

930

840

1,140

330

300

900

800

200

700

1,200

250

1,800

920

280

220

380

1,600

360

320

410

450

2,500

140

540

90

430

1,550

670

182

20,732

8.50

7.10

3.90

4.20

3.90

3.60

3.60

4.30

3.50

2.80

3.00

3.00

2.10

3.80

4.70

5.10

2.30

1.85

3.40

2.90

4.50

2.90

2.30

5.00

4.20

3.00

4.90

2.50

2.50

3.10

3.35

8.90

6.80

4.10

4.10

3.70

3.60

3.40

4.30

2.80

3.00

3.30

3.00

2.20

4.10

4.60

5.20

2.40

2.60

3.40

3.10

3.90

2.70

2.40

5.50

4.10

2.50

4.50

2.90

2.40

2.91

3.44

2,236

7,210

2,706

4,972

1,365

1,200

4,370

2,870

600

2,233

4,185

1,120

3,040

3,832

1,296

1,300

945

2,324

1,218

1,116

1,680

1,650

5,520

611

2,310

270

1,804

4,050

1,537

610

70,180

2,380

6,958

3,315

4,788

1,326

1,080

3,312

3,655

770

1,960

3,900

840

3,570

3,610

1,316

1,224

805

3,293

1,292

928

1,800

1,450

5,750

600

2,226

270

2,401

3,875

1,725

611

71,030

2,670

6,324

3,444

4,674

1,221

1,080

3,060

3,440

560

2,100

3,960

750

3,960

3,772

1,288

1,144

912

4,160

1,224

992

1,599

1,215

6,000

770

2,214

225

1,935

4,495

1,608

530

71,326

1 Other States include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode 

Island, Tennessee, Vermont, and West Virginia. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2010 Summary.
Crop Production (October 2010) 17

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

All Other Hay Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Alabama ..........................

Arkansas .........................

California .........................

Colorado ..........................

Georgia ...........................

Idaho ...............................

Illinois ..............................

Indiana ............................

Iowa .................................

Kansas ............................

Kentucky ..........................

Louisiana .........................

Michigan ..........................

Minnesota ........................

Mississippi .......................

Missouri ...........................

Montana ..........................

Nebraska .........................

New York .........................

North Carolina .................

North Dakota ...................

Ohio .................................

Oklahoma ........................

Oregon ............................

Pennsylvania ...................

South Dakota ...................

Tennessee .......................

Texas ..............................

Virginia ............................

Washington .....................

West Virginia ...................

Wisconsin ........................

Wyoming .........................

Other States 1..................

United States ...................

800

1,400

540

750

700

370

270

320

300

1,700

2,300

380

290

750

700

3,600

800

1,750

1,010

840

1,180

660

2,900

630

1,050

1,300

1,900

4,500

1,090

320

600

370

580

1,878

38,528

800

1,440

560

780

700

320

280

370

300

1,600

2,200

410

300

800

700

3,700

900

1,750

900

840

1,100

670

2,700

630

1,100

1,200

1,900

4,800

1,200

420

600

450

560

1,944

38,924

2.40

2.20

3.10

1.95

2.30

2.00

2.50

2.00

2.30

2.10

2.40

2.80

1.80

1.80

2.80

2.00

1.50

1.50

1.65

2.30

1.65

2.40

1.50

2.30

2.10

1.60

2.20

1.70

2.20

2.80

1.80

1.50

1.40

2.20

1.98

2.20

1.70

3.80

1.80

2.50

2.20

2.40

1.90

2.50

2.00

2.20

3.20

2.10

2.10

2.60

2.00

1.80

1.50

1.40

2.50

1.90

2.30

1.60

2.30

2.10

1.60

2.30

2.40

1.80

3.00

1.70

2.10

1.60

2.24

2.08

1,980

3,058

2,204

1,275

1,584

616

513

667

960

3,895

4,560

1,075

400

1,080

1,944

7,700

1,040

2,400

1,746

1,600

1,794

1,584

4,420

1,271

2,160

2,320

3,885

8,600

2,478

810

1,044

760

700

3,967

76,090

1,920

3,080

1,674

1,463

1,610

740

675

640

690

3,570

5,520

1,064

522

1,350

1,960

7,200

1,200

2,625

1,667

1,932

1,947

1,584

4,350

1,449

2,205

2,080

4,180

7,650

2,398

896

1,080

555

812

4,124

76,412

1,760

2,448

2,128

1,404

1,750

704

672

703

750

3,200

4,840

1,312

630

1,680

1,820

7,400

1,620

2,625

1,260

2,100

2,090

1,541

4,320

1,449

2,310

1,920

4,370

11,520

2,160

1,260

1,020

945

896

4,345

80,952

1 Other States include Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, 

Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, and Vermont. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Crop Production 2010 Summary.
18 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Sugarbeet Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010

[Relates to year of intended harvest in all States except California]

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

California 1................

Colorado ...................

Idaho .........................

Michigan ...................

Minnesota .................

Montana ....................

Nebraska ..................

North Dakota .............

Oregon ......................

Wyoming ...................

United States ............

25.3

35.0

163.0

136.0

449.0

33.6

52.6

218.0

10.5

25.6

1,148.6

25.0

27.8

170.0

147.0

416.0

42.6

47.5

208.0

10.3

30.3

1,124.5

35.0

27.5

34.3

24.4

23.7

29.8

24.6

22.0

37.6

26.5

25.7

40.0

28.0

32.2

29.0

28.0

30.9

22.0

28.0

35.1

27.0

28.9

40.0

28.0

32.2

29.0

29.0

30.9

22.0

29.5

35.1

27.0

29.6

886

963

5,591

3,318

10,641

1,001

1,294

4,796

395

678

29,563

1,000

778

5,474

4,263

12,064

1,316

1,045

6,136

362

818

33,256

1

In California, relates to year of intended harvest for fall planted beets in central California and to year of planting for overwintered beets in central and 

southern California.

Sugarcane for Sugar and Seed Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 

2009 and Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield 1 Production 1

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (tons) (tons) (tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Florida .......................

Hawaii .......................

Louisiana ..................

Texas ........................

United States ............

387.0

22.2

425.0

39.7

873.9

392.0

17.2

415.0

52.0

876.2

36.0

62.3

32.2

35.9

34.8

36.7

72.2

31.0

33.0

34.5

36.7

72.2

31.0

33.0

34.5

13,939

1,382

13,685

1,426

30,432

14,386

1,242

12,865

1,716

30,209

1 Net tons.
Crop Production (October 2010) 19

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Dry Edible Bean Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 12009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Arizona 2..............................

California .............................

Colorado ..............................

Idaho ...................................

Kansas ................................

Michigan ..............................

Minnesota ............................

Montana 2............................

Nebraska .............................

New Mexico 2.......................

New York .............................

North Dakota .......................

Oregon 2..............................

South Dakota .......................

Texas ..................................

Washington .........................

Wisconsin 2..........................

Wyoming .............................

United States .......................

15.5

68.5

57.0

100.0

8.5

200.0

150.0

11.9

130.0

12.5

16.0

610.0

6.4

10.3

37.0

60.0

6.4

37.5

1,537.5

12.0

64.0

70.0

130.0

9.5

235.0

185.0

17.0

170.0

13.5

15.0

800.0

6.8

12.0

20.0

85.0

6.2

49.0

1,900.0

15.2

68.0

53.0

99.0

8.0

195.0

140.0

11.5

115.0

12.4

15.6

580.0

6.3

9.9

33.7

60.0

6.4

34.0

1,463.0

12.0

63.0

66.0

129.0

9.0

230.0

175.0

16.5

160.0

13.5

14.5

765.0

6.7

11.4

19.0

85.0

6.2

47.5

1,829.3

Yield 3 Production 3

2009 2010 2009 2010

(pounds) (pounds) (1,000 cwt) (1,000 cwt)

Arizona 2..............................

California .............................

Colorado ..............................

Idaho ...................................

Kansas ................................

Michigan ..............................

Minnesota ............................

Montana 2............................

Nebraska .............................

New Mexico 2.......................

New York .............................

North Dakota .......................

Oregon 2..............................

South Dakota .......................

Texas ..................................

Washington .........................

Wisconsin 2..........................

Wyoming .............................

United States .......................

2,120

2,220

1,600

2,000

2,800

1,800

1,800

2,100

2,140

2,220

1,240

1,470

2,330

2,340

1,260

1,900

1,980

2,000

1,733

1,900

2,200

1,700

1,900

2,200

1,770

1,900

2,030

2,100

2,300

2,100

1,610

2,400

1,700

1,500

1,700

1,980

2,100

1,783

322

1,508

848

1,980

224

3,510

2,520

242

2,461

275

193

8,526

147

232

425

1,140

127

680

25,360

228

1,386

1,122

2,451

198

4,071

3,325

335

3,360

311

305

12,317

161

194

285

1,445

123

998

32,615

1 Updated from the August Crop Production report.

2 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast.

3 Cleaned basis.
20 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and Forecasted 

October 1, 2010

State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009

2010

2009 2010

September 1 October 1

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Connecticut ..................

Georgia ........................

Kentucky ......................

Massachusetts .............

North Carolina ..............

Ohio 1...........................

Pennsylvania ...............

South Carolina .............

Tennessee ...................

Virginia .........................

United States ...............

1,900

14,000

88,700

390

177,400

3,400

8,200

18,500

21,600

20,150

354,240

2,550

11,600

85,200

960

168,200

2,900

8,500

16,000

22,300

19,800

338,010

1,277

2,000

2,333

1,500

2,389

2,000

2,276

2,100

2,313

2,309

2,322

1,551

2,250

2,190

1,572

2,194

2,050

2,287

2,100

2,113

2,426

2,193

1,636

2,150

2,090

1,672

2,095

2,050

2,336

2,100

2,112

2,291

2,110

2,426

28,000

206,900

585

423,856

6,800

18,660

38,850

49,960

46,530

822,567

4,173

24,940

178,110

1,605

352,340

5,945

19,860

33,600

47,090

45,370

713,033

1 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast.
Crop Production (October 2010) 21

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 

and Forecasted October 1, 2010

Class, type, and State

Area harvested Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010

(acres) (acres) (pounds) (pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)

Georgia ..................................................................

North Carolina ........................................................

South Carolina ........................................................

Virginia ...................................................................

United States ..........................................................

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)

Kentucky .................................................................

Tennessee ..............................................................

Virginia ...................................................................

United States ..........................................................

Class 3A, Light air-cured

Type 31, Burley

 Kentucky .............................................................

 North Carolina ....................................................

 Ohio 1.................................................................

 Pennsylvania ......................................................

 Tennessee ..........................................................

 Virginia ...............................................................

 United States ......................................................

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt

 Pennsylvania ......................................................

Total light air-cured (31-32) ..................................

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)

Kentucky .................................................................

Tennessee ..............................................................

United States ..........................................................

Class 4, Cigar filler

Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf

 Pennsylvania ......................................................

Class 5, Cigar binder

Type 51 Connecticut Valley Broadleaf

 Connecticut .........................................................

 Massachusetts ....................................................

 United States ......................................................

Class 6, Cigar wrapper

Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown

 Connecticut .........................................................

 Massachusetts ....................................................

 United States ......................................................

Total cigar types (41-61) .......................................

All tobacco

United States ..........................................................

14,000

174,000

18,500

17,500

224,000

9,100

6,400

650

16,150

75,000

3,400

3,400

4,100

14,000

2,000

101,900

2,100

104,000

4,600

1,200

5,800

2,000

1,100

300

1,400

800

90

890

4,290

354,240

11,600

166,000

16,000

17,500

211,100

8,700

6,200

700

15,600

72,000

2,200

2,900

4,200

15,000

1,600

97,900

2,200

100,100

4,500

1,100

5,600

2,100

1,900

850

2,750

650

110

760

5,610

338,010

2,000

2,400

2,100

2,340

2,346

3,500

3,100

2,000

3,281

2,150

1,840

2,000

2,300

1,920

2,140

2,109

2,300

2,113

3,000

2,700

2,938

2,200

1,260

1,620

1,337

1,300

1,100

1,280

1,728

2,322

2,150

2,100

2,100

2,350

2,123

3,300

2,900

1,950

3,080

1,900

1,700

2,050

2,400

1,750

1,800

1,897

2,250

1,905

2,800

2,600

2,761

2,300

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,450

1,450

1,451

1,891

2,110

28,000

417,600

38,850

40,950

525,400

31,850

19,840

1,300

52,990

161,250

6,256

6,800

9,430

26,880

4,280

214,896

4,830

219,726

13,800

3,240

17,040

4,400

1,386

486

1,872

1,040

99

1,139

7,411

822,567

24,940

348,600

33,600

41,125

448,265

28,710

17,980

1,365

48,055

136,800

3,740

5,945

10,080

26,250

2,880

185,695

4,950

190,645

12,600

2,860

15,460

4,830

3,230

1,445

4,675

943

160

1,103

10,608

713,033

1 Estimates for current year carried forward from an earlier forecast.
22 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 

Forecasted October 1, 2010

[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]

Crop and State

Utilized production boxes 1 Utilized production ton equivalent

2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011

(1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 boxes) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons) (1,000 tons)

Oranges

Early, mid, and navel 2

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

Valencia

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

All

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

Grapefruit

White

 Florida ...................................

Colored

 Florida ...................................

All

 Arizona 3...............................

 California ...............................

 Florida ...................................

 Texas ....................................

 United States ........................

Tangerines and mandarins

Arizona 4...................................

California 4................................

Florida .......................................

United States ............................

Lemons

Arizona .....................................

California ..................................

United States ............................

Tangelos

Florida .......................................

150

34,500

84,600

1,300

120,550

100

12,000

77,900

159

90,159

250

46,500

162,500

1,459

210,709

6,600

15,100

25

4,800

21,700

5,500

32,025

250

6,700

3,850

10,800

3,000

21,000

24,000

1,150

(NA)

42,500

68,600

1,360

112,460

(NA)

14,000

65,000

275

79,275

(NA)

56,500

133,600

1,635

191,735

6,000

14,300

(NA)

4,200

20,300

5,600

30,100

350

9,900

4,450

14,700

2,200

20,500

22,700

900

(NA)

46,500

69,000

1,400

116,900

(NA)

14,000

77,000

290

91,290

(NA)

60,500

146,000

1,690

208,190

6,000

14,000

(NA)

3,800

20,000

5,500

29,300

300

10,000

4,500

14,800

2,700

21,000

23,700

1,100

5

1,294

3,807

55

5,161

4

450

3,506

7

3,967

9

1,744

7,313

62

9,128

280

642

1

161

922

220

1,304

9

251

183

443

114

798

912

52

(NA)

1,594

3,087

58

4,739

(NA)

525

2,925

12

3,462

(NA)

2,119

6,012

70

8,201

255

608

(NA)

141

863

224

1,228

13

371

211

595

84

779

863

41

(NA)

1,860

3,105

60

5,025

(NA)

560

3,465

12

4,037

(NA)

2,420

6,570

72

9,062

255

595

(NA)

152

850

220

1,222

12

400

214

626

108

840

948

50

(NA) Not available.

1 Net pounds per box: oranges in Arizona-75, California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in Arizona-67, 

California-80 (67 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80 (76 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year); tangelos-90; 

tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-95.

2 Navel and miscellaneous varieties in Arizona and California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small 

quantities of tangerines in Texas and Temples in Florida.

3 Estimates discontinued beginning with the 2009-2010 crop year.

4

Includes tangelos and tangors.
Crop Production (October 2010) 23

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commercial Apple Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010

[In orchards of 100 or more bearing age trees]

State

Total production

2008 2009 2010 1

(million pounds) (million pounds) (million pounds)

Arizona ...................................

California ................................

Colorado .................................

Connecticut ............................

Georgia 2................................

Idaho ......................................

Illinois .....................................

Indiana ...................................

Iowa ........................................

Kentucky 2..............................

Maine .....................................

Maryland .................................

Massachusetts ........................

Michigan .................................

Minnesota ...............................

Missouri ..................................

New Hampshire ......................

New Jersey .............................

New York ................................

North Carolina ........................

Ohio ........................................

Oregon ...................................

Pennsylvania ..........................

Rhode Island ..........................

South Carolina 2......................

Tennessee ..............................

Utah ........................................

Vermont ..................................

Virginia ...................................

Washington ............................

West Virginia ..........................

Wisconsin ...............................

United States ..........................

18.0

360.0

18.0

19.5

12.0

85.0

46.2

23.0

4.7

7.7

38.5

41.5

41.0

590.0

27.1

30.2

36.5

43.0

1,270.0

165.0

104.0

119.0

440.0

2.4

7.0

10.0

12.0

44.0

226.0

5,650.0

85.0

57.0

9,633.3

5.5

265.0

16.0

19.5

(NA)

45.0

46.0

30.0

4.8

(NA)

34.0

46.5

43.5

1,150.0

23.2

18.5

30.0

43.0

1,380.0

120.0

115.5

130.0

510.0

2.4

(NA)

8.0

18.0

40.0

245.0

5,400.0

82.0

43.5

9,914.9

15.0

310.0

16.0

17.0

(NA)

70.0

50.0

25.0

3.9

(NA)

28.0

40.0

35.5

590.0

18.0

32.0

24.5

44.0

1,200.0

144.0

110.0

130.0

481.0

2.5

(NA)

9.0

10.0

33.0

225.0

5,650.0

65.2

34.9

9,413.5

(NA) Not available.

1 Estimates for Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Washington, and West Virginia are October 1 forecasts. All other 

States' estimates are carried forward from an earlier forecast.

2 Estimates discontinued in 2009.
24 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Pecan Production by Variety – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010

Variety

and

State

Utilized production (in-shell basis)

2008 2009 2010

(1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds) (1,000 pounds)

Improved varieties 1

Alabama .............................................................

Arizona ...............................................................

Arkansas .............................................................

California ............................................................

Florida .................................................................

Georgia ...............................................................

Louisiana ............................................................

Mississippi ..........................................................

Missouri ..............................................................

New Mexico ........................................................

North Carolina 2..................................................

Oklahoma ...........................................................

South Carolina ....................................................

Texas ..................................................................

United States ......................................................

Native and seedling

Alabama .............................................................

Arkansas .............................................................

Florida .................................................................

Georgia ...............................................................

Kansas ................................................................

Louisiana ............................................................

Mississippi ..........................................................

Missouri ..............................................................

North Carolina 2..................................................

Oklahoma ...........................................................

South Carolina ....................................................

Texas ..................................................................

United States ......................................................

All 

Alabama .............................................................

Arizona ...............................................................

Arkansas .............................................................

California ............................................................

Florida .................................................................

Georgia ...............................................................

Kansas ................................................................

Louisiana ............................................................

Mississippi ..........................................................

Missouri ..............................................................

New Mexico ........................................................

North Carolina 2..................................................

Oklahoma ...........................................................

South Carolina ....................................................

Texas ..................................................................

United States ......................................................

7,400

17,500

1,000

3,750

1,400

66,000

1,000

900

110

43,000

600

1,000

3,000

20,000

166,660

600

500

300

4,000

1,900

4,000

600

1,020

100

4,000

400

10,000

27,420

8,000

17,500

1,500

3,750

1,700

70,000

1,900

5,000

1,500

1,130

43,000

700

5,000

3,400

30,000

194,080

12,800

20,000

1,300

3,920

1,500

79,000

2,500

2,300

200

68,000

(NA)

3,000

1,200

45,000

240,720

1,200

1,200

1,600

11,000

1,000

6,500

700

1,610

(NA)

10,500

800

15,000

51,110

14,000

20,000

2,500

3,920

3,100

90,000

1,000

9,000

3,000

1,810

68,000

(NA)

13,500

2,000

60,000

291,830

7,000

19,000

730

4,000

770

71,000

2,000

1,100

100

56,000

(NA)

7,000

1,600

50,000

220,300

1,000

270

730

4,000

2,300

6,000

400

700

(NA)

15,000

600

20,000

51,000

8,000

19,000

1,000

4,000

1,500

75,000

2,300

8,000

1,500

800

56,000

(NA)

22,000

2,200

70,000

271,300

(NA) Not available.

1 Budded, grafted, or topworked varieties.

2 Estimates discontinued in 2009.
Crop Production (October 2010) 25

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Grape Production – States and United States: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted October 1, 2010

State

Total production

2008 2009 2010 1

(tons) (tons) (tons)

Arizona 2....................................................................

Arkansas ...................................................................

California

 Wine ....................................................................

 Table 3.................................................................

 Raisin 3................................................................

 All types ...............................................................

Georgia .....................................................................

Michigan ....................................................................

Missouri .....................................................................

New York ...................................................................

North Carolina ...........................................................

Ohio ...........................................................................

Oregon ......................................................................

Pennsylvania .............................................................

Texas ........................................................................

Virginia ......................................................................

Washington

 Wine ....................................................................

 Juice ....................................................................

 All types ...............................................................

United States .............................................................

800

1,700

3,055,000

973,000

2,520,000

6,548,000

3,500

73,700

5,200

172,000

5,600

5,660

34,700

107,200

4,200

7,000

145,000

205,000

350,000

7,319,260

(NA)

1,900

3,743,000

874,000

1,927,000

6,544,000

4,500

96,500

4,400

133,000

4,800

5,740

40,200

64,000

6,200

8,600

156,000

225,000

381,000

7,294,840

(NA)

2,300

3,300,000

900,000

1,950,000

6,150,000

4,600

42,000

5,000

170,000

5,400

3,800

40,000

79,000

8,900

8,400

156,000

200,000

356,000

6,875,400

(NA) Not available.

1 Estimates for California, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, and Washington are October 1 forecasts. All other States' estimates are carried 

forward from an earlier forecast.

2 Estimates discontinued in 2009.

3

Fresh basis.

Prune (Dried Plum) Production – California: 2008, 2009, and Forecasted 2010

Crop

Total production

2008 2009 2010

(tons) (tons) (tons)

Prunes (dried basis) .......................................... 129,000 166,000 150,000
26 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all ................................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all ............................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all ...........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all ........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 2....................................................................

3,567

86,482

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

3,404

350

3,135

1,241

6,633

(NA)

59,168

43,346

2,554

13,268

827.0

(X)

317

51.5

1,116.0

1.0

175.0

77,451

2,030.0

9,149.5

9,008.1

141.4

1,185.8

(NA)

(NA)

20.5

1,537.5

863.3

415.0

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,068.1

9.0

79.2

43.2

936.7

(NA)

109.9

(NA)

2,872

88,222

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

3,138

385

3,642

1,211

5,402

53,603

37,335

2,570

13,698

1,448.8

(X)

410

52.0

1,290.0

1.7

183.5

77,714

1,952.5

11,038.0

10,829.0

209.0

1,186.5

(NA)

(NA)

31.5

1,900.0

869.0

655.0

(NA)

1,026.3

(NA)

91.9

38.3

896.1

113.8

3,113

79,590

5,605

59,755

21,227

38,528

1,379

293

3,103

252

5,520

254

49,893

34,510

2,428

12,955

814.0

(X)

314

49.8

1,079.0

0.9

165.5

76,372

1,953.5

7,528.7

7,390.5

138.2

1,148.6

873.9

354.2

13.7

1,463.0

837.9

407.0

(NA)

6.3

39.7

69.8

1,041.3

8.7

73.7

41.7

917.2

20.5

96.9

0.4

2,471

81,263

59,656

20,732

38,924

1,268

3,623

265

4,658

47,657

31,749

2,529

13,379

1,418.2

(X)

405

49.1

1,261.0

1.6

175.0

76,823

1,872.8

10,773.0

10,566.0

207.0

1,124.5

876.2

338.0

22.2

1,829.3

842.9

639.0

31.3

1,009.0

(NA)

89.6

37.1

882.3

110.2

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2 Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.
Crop Production (October 2010) 27

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(1,000) (1,000)

Grains and hay

Barley ................................................................................... bushels

Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels

Corn for silage ............................................................................tons

Hay, all .......................................................................................tons

 Alfalfa .....................................................................................tons

 All other ..................................................................................tons

Oats ...................................................................................... bushels

Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels

Rice 1........................................................................................... cwt

Rye ....................................................................................... bushels

Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels

Sorghum for silage ......................................................................tons

Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels

 Winter ............................................................................... bushels

 Durum ............................................................................... bushels

 Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

Oilseeds

Canola ...................................................................................pounds

Cottonseed .................................................................................tons

Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels

Mustard seed .........................................................................pounds

Peanuts .................................................................................pounds

Rapeseed ..............................................................................pounds

Safflower ...............................................................................pounds

Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels

Sunflower ..............................................................................pounds

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1............................................................................... bales

 Upland 1................................................................................ bales

 American Pima 1................................................................... bales

Sugarbeets .................................................................................tons

Sugarcane ..................................................................................tons

Tobacco .................................................................................pounds

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas 1.................................................................. cwt

Dry edible beans 1....................................................................... cwt

Dry edible peas 1......................................................................... cwt

Lentils 1........................................................................................ cwt

Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ......................................................................pounds

Hops ......................................................................................pounds

Peppermint oil ........................................................................pounds

Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt

 Winter ...................................................................................... cwt

 Spring ...................................................................................... cwt

 Summer ................................................................................... cwt

 Fall .......................................................................................... cwt

Spearmint oil .........................................................................pounds

Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt

Taro (Hawaii) .........................................................................pounds

73.0

164.7

19.3

2.47

3.35

1.98

67.5

33.7

7,085

27.8

69.4

14.5

44.5

44.2

44.9

45.1

1,811

(X)

23.6

991

3,421

1,700

1,462

44.0

1,554

777

766

1,389

25.7

34.8

2,322

1,328

1,733

2,045

1,440

(NA)

1,380

2,383

91

414

245

289

343

429

132

201

(NA)

73.6

155.8

2.55

3.44

2.08

64.6

6,687

28.0

72.4

46.7

46.8

44.0

46.9

1,786

(X)

3,106

44.4

1,552

841

835

1,154

29.6

34.5

2,110

1,783

2,116

(NA)

291

317

227,323

13,110,062

108,209

147,442

71,030

76,412

93,081

9,865

219,850

6,993

382,983

3,680

2,218,061

1,524,608

109,042

584,411

1,474,130

4,148.8

7,423

49,364

3,691,650

1,530

241,970

3,359,011

3,036,460

12,187.5

11,787.6

399.9

29,563

30,432

822,567

182

25,360

17,137

5,859

874

8,700

94,677.9

6,379

431,318

2,132

21,321

14,321

393,544

2,698

19,469

4,000

181,884

12,663,949

152,278

71,326

80,952

81,855

242,260

7,431

337,229

2,223,523

1,485,236

111,350

626,937

2,533,550

6,391.0

3,916,200

3,408,211

2,905,830

18,872.8

18,375.0

497.8

33,256

30,209

713,033

32,615

66,120.8

(NA)

26,060

11,779

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Yield in pounds.
28 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Area planted Area harvested

2009 2010 2009 2010

(hectares) (hectares) (hectares) (hectares)

Grains and hay

Barley .................................................................................

Corn for grain 1....................................................................

Corn for silage ....................................................................

Hay, all 2.............................................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................................

 All other ...........................................................................

Oats ....................................................................................

Proso millet .........................................................................

Rice ....................................................................................

Rye .....................................................................................

Sorghum for grain 1.............................................................

Sorghum for silage ..............................................................

Wheat, all 2.........................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Durum .............................................................................

 Other spring ....................................................................

Oilseeds

Canola ................................................................................

Cottonseed .........................................................................

Flaxseed .............................................................................

Mustard seed ......................................................................

Peanuts ..............................................................................

Rapeseed ...........................................................................

Safflower .............................................................................

Soybeans for beans ............................................................

Sunflower ............................................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 2.........................................................................

 Upland ............................................................................

 American Pima ................................................................

Sugarbeets .........................................................................

Sugarcane ..........................................................................

Tobacco ..............................................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ...........................................................

Dry edible beans .................................................................

Dry edible peas ...................................................................

Lentils .................................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................

Hops ...................................................................................

Peppermint oil .....................................................................

Potatoes, all 2......................................................................

 Winter .............................................................................

 Spring .............................................................................

 Summer ..........................................................................

 Fall ..................................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................................

Sweet potatoes ...................................................................

Taro (Hawaii) 3....................................................................

1,443,530

34,998,400

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,377,560

141,640

1,268,700

502,220

2,684,310

(NA)

23,944,700

17,541,690

1,033,580

5,369,430

334,680

(X)

128,290

20,840

451,630

400

70,820

31,343,650

821,520

3,702,710

3,645,490

57,220

479,880

(NA)

(NA)

8,300

622,210

349,370

167,950

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

432,250

3,640

32,050

17,480

379,070

(NA)

44,480

(NA)

1,162,270

35,702,560

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

1,269,920

155,810

1,473,880

490,080

2,186,140

21,692,600

15,109,100

1,040,050

5,543,440

586,310

(X)

165,920

21,040

522,050

690

74,260

31,450,080

790,160

4,466,970

4,382,390

84,580

480,160

(NA)

(NA)

12,750

768,910

351,680

265,070

(NA)

415,330

(NA)

37,190

15,500

362,640

46,050

1,259,800

32,209,280

2,268,290

24,182,250

8,590,350

15,591,900

558,070

118,570

1,255,750

101,980

2,233,890

102,790

20,191,200

13,965,850

982,590

5,242,760

329,420

(X)

127,070

20,150

436,660

360

66,980

30,906,980

790,560

3,046,790

2,990,860

55,930

464,830

353,660

143,360

5,540

592,060

339,090

164,710

(NA)

2,550

16,080

28,250

421,400

3,520

29,830

16,880

371,180

8,300

39,210

180

999,990

32,886,320

24,142,190

8,390,030

15,752,150

513,150

1,466,190

107,240

1,885,050

19,286,310

12,848,500

1,023,460

5,414,350

573,930

(X)

163,900

19,870

510,310

650

70,820

31,089,500

757,900

4,359,730

4,275,950

83,770

455,070

354,590

136,790

8,980

740,300

341,110

258,600

12,650

408,330

(NA)

36,260

15,010

357,060

44,600

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Area planted for all purposes.

2

Total may not add due to rounding.

3 Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.
Crop Production (October 2010) 29

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2009 and 2010 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year. 

Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Yield Production

2009 2010 2009 2010

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Grains and hay

Barley ..................................................................

Corn for grain .......................................................

Corn for silage .....................................................

Hay, all 1..............................................................

 Alfalfa ..............................................................

 All other ...........................................................

Oats .....................................................................

Proso millet ..........................................................

Rice .....................................................................

Rye ......................................................................

Sorghum for grain ................................................

Sorghum for silage ...............................................

Wheat, all 1..........................................................

 Winter ..............................................................

 Durum ..............................................................

 Other spring .....................................................

Oilseeds

Canola .................................................................

Cottonseed ..........................................................

Flaxseed ..............................................................

Mustard seed .......................................................

Peanuts ...............................................................

Rapeseed ............................................................

Safflower .............................................................

Soybeans for beans .............................................

Sunflower ............................................................

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops

Cotton, all 1..........................................................

 Upland .............................................................

 American Pima ................................................

Sugarbeets ..........................................................

Sugarcane ...........................................................

Tobacco ...............................................................

Dry beans, peas, and lentils

Austrian winter peas ............................................

Dry edible beans ..................................................

Dry edible peas ....................................................

Lentils ..................................................................

Wrinkled seed peas .............................................

Potatoes and miscellaneous

Coffee (Hawaii) ....................................................

Hops ....................................................................

Peppermint oil ......................................................

Potatoes, all 1......................................................

 Winter ..............................................................

 Spring ..............................................................

 Summer ...........................................................

 Fall ..................................................................

Spearmint oil .......................................................

Sweet potatoes ....................................................

Taro (Hawaii) .......................................................

3.93

10.34

43.28

5.53

7.50

4.45

2.42

1.89

7.94

1.74

4.35

32.48

2.99

2.97

3.02

3.03

2.03

(X)

1.48

1.11

3.83

1.91

1.64

2.96

1.74

0.87

0.86

1.56

57.70

78.06

2.60

1.49

1.94

2.29

1.61

(NA)

1.55

2.67

0.10

46.43

27.47

32.43

38.49

48.09

0.15

22.52

(NA)

3.96

9.78

5.72

7.71

4.66

2.32

7.49

1.76

4.54

3.14

3.15

2.96

3.15

2.00

(X)

3.48

2.98

1.74

0.94

0.94

1.29

66.30

77.29

2.36

2.00

2.37

(NA)

32.60

35.59

4,949,370

333,010,910

98,165,550

133,757,130

64,437,330

69,319,800

1,351,070

223,730

9,972,230

177,630

9,728,220

3,338,440

60,365,730

41,493,030

2,967,640

15,905,060

668,650

3,763,730

188,550

22,390

1,674,500

690

109,760

91,417,300

1,377,320

2,653,520

2,566,450

87,070

26,819,100

27,607,450

373,110

8,260

1,150,310

777,320

265,760

39,640

3,950

42,950

2,890

19,564,260

96,710

967,100

649,590

17,850,860

1,220

883,100

1,810

3,960,060

321,679,120

138,144,280

64,705,860

73,438,420

1,188,120

10,988,730

188,760

8,566,010

60,514,380

40,421,500

3,030,450

17,062,430

1,149,200

5,797,820

1,776,360

92,756,300

1,318,060

4,109,070

4,000,680

108,380

30,169,340

27,405,140

323,430

1,479,390

29,990

(NA)

1,182,060

534,290

(NA) Not available.

(X) Not applicable.

1 Production may not add due to rounding.
30 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2008-2010 (Domestic Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2009 2010 2011

(1,000) (1,000) (1,000)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ................................................................................................tons

Lemons ...................................................................................................tons

Oranges ..................................................................................................tons

Tangelos (Florida) ...................................................................................tons

Tangerines and mandarins ......................................................................tons

Noncitrus

Apples ..................................................................................... 1,000 pounds

Apricots ...................................................................................................tons

Bananas (Hawaii) ...............................................................................pounds

Grapes ....................................................................................................tons

Olives (California) ...................................................................................tons

Papayas (Hawaii) ...............................................................................pounds

Peaches ..................................................................................................tons

Pears ......................................................................................................tons

Prunes, dried (California) ........................................................................tons

Prunes and plums (excludes California) ..................................................tons

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .............................................................pounds

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ....................................................................tons

Pecans, in-shell ..................................................................................pounds

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ...................................................................tons

Maple syrup ....................................................................................... gallons

1,304.0

912.0

9,128.0

52.0

443.0

9,914.9

68.7

18,500.0

7,294.8

46.3

31,500.0

1,103.8

957.2

166.0

18.6

1,410,000.0

47.0

291,830.0

437.0

2,404.0

1,228.0

863.0

8,201.0

41.0

595.0

9,413.5

67.3

6,875.4

140.0

1,126.0

854.8

150.0

13.4

1,650,000.0

27.0

271,300.0

510.0

1,955.0

1,222.0

948.0

9,062.0

50.0

626.0

1 Production years are 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011.
Crop Production (October 2010) 31

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2009-2011 (Metric Units)

[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2010 crop year, 

except citrus which is for the 2009-2010 season. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]

Crop

Production

2009 2010 2011

(metric tons) (metric tons) (metric tons)

Citrus 1

Grapefruit ......................................................................................

Lemons .........................................................................................

Oranges .........................................................................................

Tangelos (Florida) .........................................................................

Tangerines and mandarins ............................................................

Noncitrus

Apples ...........................................................................................

Apricots .........................................................................................

Bananas (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

Grapes ..........................................................................................

Olives (California) ..........................................................................

Papayas (Hawaii) ..........................................................................

Peaches ........................................................................................

Pears .............................................................................................

Prunes, dried (California) ...............................................................

Prunes and plums (excludes California) .........................................

Nuts and miscellaneous

Almonds, shelled (California) .........................................................

Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ..........................................................

Pecans, in-shell .............................................................................

Walnuts, in-shell (California) ..........................................................

Maple syrup ...................................................................................

1,182,970

827,350

8,280,780

47,170

401,880

4,497,320

62,340

8,390

6,617,770

42,000

14,290

1,001,320

868,380

150,590

16,870

639,570

42,640

132,370

396,440

12,020

1,114,020

782,900

7,439,820

37,190

539,770

4,269,890

61,050

6,237,260

127,010

1,021,480

775,460

136,080

12,160

748,430

24,490

123,060

462,660

9,770

1,108,580

860,010

8,220,910

45,360

567,900

1 Production years are 2008-2009, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011.
32 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Corn for Grain Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 10 corn producing States during 

2010. Randomly selected plots in corn for grain fields are visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific 

counts and measurements. Data in these tables are rounded actual field counts from this survey.

Corn for Grain Number of Ears per Acre – Selected States: 2006-2010

State 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Illinois

September .......

October ............

November ........

Final .................

Indiana

September .......

October ............

November ........

Final .................

Iowa

September .......

October ............

November ........

Final .................

Kansas 

September .......

October ............

November ........

Final .................

Minnesota 

September .......

October ............

November ........

Final .................

Missouri

September .......

October ............

November ........

Final .................

27,600

27,450

27,400

27,400

25,850

25,750

25,700

25,750

27,350

27,350

27,350

27,350

20,850

20,750

20,750

20,750

28,050

28,250

28,250

28,250

23,850

23,800

23,800

23,800

27,750

27,750

27,750

27,750

26,950

26,800

26,800

26,800

28,500

28,400

28,450

28,400

20,900

20,800

20,800

20,800

28,850

28,600

28,600

28,600

23,950

23,950

23,950

23,950

28,600

28,500

28,400

28,350

27,950

27,700

27,700

27,700

28,600

28,600

28,600

28,600

19,850

20,600

20,650

20,650

29,900

29,350

29,450

29,400

25,050

25,000

24,900

24,900

29,150

28,900

28,900

28,900

27,950

28,100

28,000

27,950

29,250

29,200

29,200

29,200

22,750

22,650

22,750

22,700

30,250

30,750

30,800

30,800

24,800

24,800

24,800

24,800

28,650

28,500

27,900

27,750

29,450

29,450

21,250

21,250

29,750

29,600

25,100

24,750

Nebraska

All corn

 September ...

 October ........

 November ....

 Final .............

Irrigated

 September ...

 October ........

 November ....

 Final .............

Non-irrigated

 September ...

 October ........

 November ....

 Final .............

Ohio

September .....

October ..........

November ......

Final ...............

South Dakota

September .....

October ..........

November ......

Final ...............

Wisconsin

September .....

October ..........

November ......

Final ...............

23,850

23,700

23,700

23,550

26,750

26,600

26,600

26,650

19,400

19,150

19,200

18,800

25,200

25,350

25,450

25,450

22,050

21,900

21,700

21,700

26,750

26,850

27,200

27,200

24,850

24,750

24,750

24,750

27,200

27,000

27,000

27,000

21,100

21,050

21,100

21,100

26,350

26,000

25,950

25,950

23,250

22,700

22,700

22,700

27,800

27,700

27,850

27,850

24,050

23,950

23,900

23,900

26,800

27,000

26,900

26,900

19,550

19,500

19,550

19,550

26,950

27,400

27,250

27,250

24,150

23,900

23,800

23,800

27,750

28,300

27,950

27,900

25,650

25,650

25,600

25,650

27,900

27,950

27,900

27,950

22,100

22,050

22,000

22,000

27,700

27,950

27,650

27,650

26,150

26,050

26,050

26,050

27,500

28,850

28,150

28,100

25,250

25,250

27,100

27,100

22,350

22,250

27,700

27,650

24,850

24,800

28,700

28,500
Crop Production (October 2010) 33

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Soybean Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service is conducting objective yield surveys in 11 soybean producing States during 

2010. Randomly selected plots in soybean fields are visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific 

counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

Soybean Pods with Beans per 18 Square Feet – Selected States: 2006-2010

State 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 State 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Arkansas 1

September .......

October ...........

November ........

Final ................

Illinois

September .......

October ...........

November ........

Final ................

Indiana

September .......

October ...........

November ........

Final ................

Iowa

September .......

October ...........

November ........

Final ................

Kansas

September .......

October ...........

November ........

Final ................

(NA)

1,645

1,655

1,667

1,860

1,890

1,923

1,923

1,764

1,893

1,909

1,909

1,688

1,758

1,760

1,760

1,466

1,509

1,581

1,581

(NA)

1,621

1,665

1,690

1,800

1,796

1,818

1,831

1,667

1,660

1,628

1,641

1,787

1,917

1,933

1,932

1,605

1,524

1,608

1,609

(NA)

1,569

1,723

1,715

1,621

1,893

1,801

1,829

1,608

1,577

1,648

1,659

1,758

1,732

1,770

1,775

1,346

1,487

1,581

1,629

(NA)

1,785

1,794

1,865

1,610

1,672

1,676

1,687

1,516

1,525

1,583

1,594

1,858

1,878

1,868

1,879

1,627

1,759

1,784

1,768

(NA)

1,591

1,970

2,090

1,878

1,852

2,009

2,046

1,402

1,392

Minnesota

September ......

October ..........

November .......

Final ...............

Missouri

September ......

October ..........

November .......

Final ...............

Nebraska

September ......

October ..........

November .......

Final ...............

North Dakota

September ......

October ..........

November .......

Final ...............

Ohio

September ......

October ..........

November .......

Final ...............

South Dakota

September ......

October ..........

November .......

Final ...............

1,500

1,586

1,568

1,568

1,673

1,746

1,738

1,735

1,699

1,801

1,784

1,766

1,127

1,241

1,260

1,260

1,868

1,895

1,835

1,866

1,255

1,345

1,316

1,312

1,558

1,589

1,588

1,588

1,566

1,579

1,685

1,697

1,876

2,042

2,088

2,084

1,323

1,445

1,500

1,497

1,892

1,850

1,909

1,909

1,476

1,492

1,510

1,510

1,466

1,493

1,470

1,472

1,538

1,473

1,673

1,690

1,692

1,766

1,857

1,857

1,261

1,261

1,405

1,405

1,942

1,755

1,618

1,616

1,425

1,465

1,492

1,492

1,456

1,542

1,611

1,581

1,856

1,983

2,083

2,122

1,793

1,878

1,868

1,868

1,208

1,236

1,317

1,318

1,846

1,769

1,757

1,712

1,513

1,642

1,683

1,682

1,679

1,741

1,924

1,899

1,906

2,109

1,375

1,416

1,991

2,012

1,527

1,622

(NA) Not available.

1 September data not available due to plant immaturity.
34 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Objective Yield Data

The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2010. 

Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and 

measurements. Data in these tables are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2006-2010

[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs 

per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls]

State 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(number) (number) (number) (number) (number)

Arkansas

September ......................................

October ...........................................

November .......................................

December .......................................

Final ................................................

Georgia

September ......................................

October ...........................................

November .......................................

December .......................................

Final ................................................

Louisiana

September ......................................

October ...........................................

November .......................................

December .......................................

Final ................................................

Mississippi

September ......................................

October ...........................................

November .......................................

December .......................................

Final ................................................

North Carolina

September ......................................

October ...........................................

November .......................................

December .......................................

Final ................................................

Texas

September ......................................

October ...........................................

November .......................................

December .......................................

Final ................................................

859

814

849

824

824

648

675

774

790

790

760

781

786

785

785

700

699

695

695

695

637

641

671

671

671

530

477

533

544

544

790

839

849

849

849

616

570

707

708

708

796

808

841

841

841

819

745

747

747

747

527

601

625

625

625

602

538

631

632

632

943

810

852

846

846

587

613

733

742

742

655

578

579

579

579

909

679

728

722

722

667

652

702

704

704

633

513

579

573

573

1,051

814

803

794

794

571

731

712

737

737

714

792

756

788

788

925

833

717

722

722

701

730

779

777

777

613

522

502

502

502

911

893

609

606

699

755

864

773

681

675

658

534
Crop Production (October 2010) 35

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
36 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

September Weather Summary

Tropical systems played a key role in moistening parts of the Nation but bypassed a broad area stretching from the central 

Gulf Coast States into the Ohio Valley. Eight named tropical systems (four tropical storms and four hurricanes) formed 

over the Atlantic Basin during the month, tying a September record originally set in 2002. Although none of the eight 

storms officially made landfall in the United States, Tropical Storms Hermine (early in the month) and Nicole (at month’s 

end) played a role in soaking the south-central and eastern United States, respectively. In addition, remnant moisture 

associated with former eastern Pacific Tropical Storm Georgette contributed to locally heavy showers in the Southwest, 

while tropical moisture interacting with a series of cold fronts helped to trigger flooding rains in the upper Midwest.

Warm weather dominated the United States during September, except across portions of the Nation’s northern tier. 

Late-season warmth was most impressive in the Southwest and Southeast, while unusually cool conditions stretched from 

the northern Plains into the Great Lakes States.

On the heels of a warm growing season, Midwestern summer crops matured at an ahead-of-normal pace. Corn and 

soybean harvest activities quickly advanced in the eastern Corn Belt, but fieldwork stalled across the upper Midwest in the

wake of mid-month downpours. Among the Midwestern States, only Minnesota and the Dakotas reported a 

slower-than-normal harvest pace by month’s end for both corn and soybeans.

Farther south and east, late-month downpours in the East contrasted with record-setting September dryness in several 

locations from the central Gulf Coast into the eastern Corn Belt. Eastern rains helped to revive pastures but arrived far too

late to help drought-stricken summer crops. At month’s end, producers in the Mid-Atlantic States began to assess the 

impact of tropical downpours on open-boll cotton and other unharvested summer crops.

Meanwhile on the central and southern High Plains, pockets of developing dryness became a concern with respect to the 

establishment of newly planted winter wheat. Elsewhere across the Nation’s midsection, showers promoted winter wheat 

emergence. Cool, wet weather on the northern High Plains hampered late-season spring wheat harvesting.

Elsewhere, Western fieldwork advanced with few problems, despite occasional showers in the Four Corners region and 

the Pacific Northwest. In California, harvest delays for crops such as rice and cotton were attributable to late planting and

cool weather earlier in the growing season.

September Agricultural Summary

With the exception of the northern Great Plains and much of the Great Lakes region, above average temperatures 

dominated much of the United States during September, promoting rapid maturation of summer crops such as corn and 

soybeans. Tropical Storms Hermine and Nicole bookended the month, delivering substantial amounts of precipitation to 

much of the south-central and eastern portions of the country. Most notably, coastal locations in both North Carolina and 

Texas received rainfall totaling 13 inches or more during the month, slowing fall fieldwork and causing localized flooding 

in many low-lying areas. Elsewhere, much of the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys, Delta, Rocky Mountains, and Southwest 

were unusually dry, allowing the harvest of small grains and row crops to advance quickly.

Near-normal temperatures throughout much of the major corn-producing areas provided excellent conditions for 

continued rapid phenological development of the Nation’s corn crop. By September 5, corn at or beyond the dough stage 

had advanced to 98 percent complete, ahead of both last year and the 5-year average, while 86 percent of the crop was 

dented or beyond, 38 percentage points ahead of last year and 15 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest 

was underway in 11 of the 18 major estimating States, with progress most advanced in Tennessee. Crop maturity 

advanced quickly as warm, mostly dry conditions prevailed early in the month. By September 19, sixty-nine percent of the 

corn crop was at or beyond the mature stage, 20 days ahead of last year’s pace. In Iowa, the largest corn-producing State, 

91 percent of the crop was mature by September 26, the earliest date since 2000 that maturity surpassed the 90 percent 

mark. By October 3, corn producers had harvested 37 percent of this year’s crop, 28 percentage points, or 36 days, ahead 

of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In the Corn Belt, warm, dry weather continued to 

promote a rapid harvest pace, with progress in Illinois and Indiana 59 points or more ahead of last year and 43 points or 
Crop Production (October 2010) 37

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

more ahead of normal. Overall, 66 percent of the corn crop was reported in good to excellent condition on October 3, 

compared with 69 percent on September 5 and 70 percent from the same time last year.

Aided by mostly warm temperatures, coloring of the sorghum crop had advanced to 74 percent complete by September 5, 

well ahead of both last year and the average. Crop maturity was on par with last year’s pace, but behind normal. Harvest 

was underway in the Delta, Illinois, Kansas, and Texas. While crop maturity remained behind both last year and the 

average pace in Texas, warm temperatures mid-month promoted rapid maturity in Kansas, pushing progress 20 points 

ahead of last year and 8 points ahead of the average. Nationally, harvest inched forward during the first half of September, 

but gained speed as fields in portions of Texas began to dry out following excessive rainfall throughout much of the 

month. Coloring was complete or nearly complete in all major estimating States except New Mexico by September 26. By 

October 3, seventy-seven percent of the Nation’s crop was at or beyond the mature stage, 25 percentage points ahead of 

last year and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Producers had harvested 39 percent of the sorghum crop. 

In Texas, harvest was just beginning in the Northern High Plains. Overall, 60 percent of the sorghum crop was reported in 

good to excellent condition on October 3, down slightly from ratings on September 5, but 11 percentage points better than 

the same time last year.

By September 5, barley producers had harvested 78 percent of this year’s crop, 12 percentage points ahead of last year but 

8 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Nationally, harvest advanced just 10 points from September 5 to 

September 19 as progress in Idaho and Montana trailed normal by 9 days or more while producers waited for improved 

weather conditions before continuing fieldwork. By month’s end, harvest was complete in Minnesota, North Dakota, and 

Washington. Overall, 94 percent of the barley crop was harvested by October 3, five percentage points behind both last 

year and the average.

Winter wheat producers had seeded 18 percent of the 2011 crop by September 19, four percentage points behind last year

and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year average. The most significant seeding delays were evident in Idaho and 

Montana, where above average precipitation coupled with unusually cool temperatures hampered fieldwork. Elsewhere, 

ideal weather conditions across the remaining winter wheat-producing areas aided a rapid seeding pace, and by October 3, 

fifty-three percent of the crop was in the ground, on par with last year’s pace but slightly behind the average. Emergence 

had advanced to 22 percent complete, 4 percentage points behind last year and 3 percentage points behind the 5-year 

average.

Spring wheat producers had harvested 76 percent of the Nation’s crop by September 5, twenty percentage points, or 

11 days, ahead of last year but 9 percentage points, or nearly one week behind the 5-year average. Less than ideal weather 

conditions in Idaho and Montana limited fieldwork throughout much of the month, slowing overall progress. Between 

September 5 and September 26, Nationwide progress advanced just 13 points. By October 3, ninety-five percent of the 

spring wheat crop was harvested, 2 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average. 

While harvest was complete or nearly complete in Idaho, Minnesota, Washington, and the Dakotas, progress remained 

17 percentage points behind last year and 18 percentage points behind normal in Montana despite improved weather 

conditions and a faster harvest pace.

Heading of this year’s rice crop had advanced to 97 percent complete by September 5, three percentage points ahead of 

last year but on par with the 5-year average. Heading was complete in all estimating States except California, where below 

average temperatures earlier in the growing season delayed crop maturation. Producers had harvested 45 percent of the 

Nation’s crop, 22 percentage points ahead of last year and 21 percentage points, or two weeks, ahead of the 5-year 

average. In Arkansas, the largest rice-producing State, harvest was 27 days ahead of last year and the earliest date on 

record that harvest reached 47 percent complete. Harvest began in California during the week ending September 19, but 

progress remained well behind both last year and normal. By October 3, harvest had advanced to 78 percent complete, 

18 percentage points ahead of last year and 6 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest continued at a slow 

pace in California, with overall progress falling to 51 points behind last year and 39 points behind the average. Overall, 

64 percent of the rice crop was reported in good to excellent condition as harvest surpassed the halfway point during the 

week ending September 12, eight percentage points better than the same time last year.

Warm, sunny weather throughout much of the major soybean-producing areas had crop development advancing well 

ahead of the normal pace. By September 5, leaves were dropping on 19 percent of the Nation’s soybean acreage, 
38 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

12 percentage points ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In Indiana, leaf drop was over 

two weeks ahead of last year, with 2 percent of the State’s crop harvested. Harvest was underway in all estimating States 

except North Carolina and Wisconsin by September 19. Leaf drop continued at a rapid pace throughout the month as 

above average temperatures dominated much of the Corn Belt, Delta, and the Great Lakes region. By October 3, leaves 

were dropping on 88 percent of this year’s soybean crop, 11 percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points 

ahead of the 5-year average. As mostly dry weather provided nearly ideal conditions for fall fieldwork, producers 

harvested 20 percent of the 2010 crop in the 7 days between September 26 and October 3. At 37 percent complete, harvest 

was 23 percentage points, or 18 days, ahead of last year and 9 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 

64 percent of the soybean crop was reported in good to excellent condition on October 3, unchanged from ratings on 

September 5 but 3 percentage points below the same time last year.

By October 3, producers in the 4 major sunflower-producing States were busy harvesting this year’s crop. Nationally, 

3 percent of the crop had been combined, slightly behind both last year and the 5-year average. Progress was 3 percentage 

points behind normal in all estimating States except Colorado, where warm, dry weather provided ideal conditions for 

fieldwork during the last two weeks of September pushing harvest ahead of both last year and normal.

Peanut harvest was underway in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina by September 12, with 2 percent of this year’s crop 

dug, on par with both last year and the 5-year average. Despite progress in Florida advancing ahead of both last year and 

normal, the harvest of many dryland fields remained slow due to dry, hard-packed soils. Toward month’s end, harvest was 

most rapid in Texas, where producers in the Southern Low Plains were rushing to dig their fields before feral hogs ruined 

the crop. By October 3, peanut harvest had advanced to 24 percent complete, 9 percentage points ahead of last year and 

5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. As October began, excessive rainfall brought about by the remnants of 

Tropical Storm Nicole limited harvest in North Carolina and Virginia to 4 percent or less during the week ending 

October 3. Overall, 48 percent of the peanut crop was reported in good to excellent condition on October 3, compared 

with 60 percent on September 5 and 70 percent from the same time last year. Hot, dry weather during mid-September 

negatively impacted the peanut crop, causing a rapid decline in condition ratings.

Bolls were opening on 41 percent of the Nation’s cotton acreage by September 5, well ahead of both last year and the 

5-year average. In Texas, cotton in the High Plains was growing well as warm temperatures continued to provide ample 

heat unit accumulation. With activity limited to Arizona, Georgia, Texas, and much of the Delta, 6 percent of this year’s 

crop was harvested, on par with last year but slightly behind the average. Ideal weather conditions throughout much of the 

major cotton-producing areas maintained a rapid crop development pace. In the two week period ending on September 19, 

bolls opened on 26 percent of the cotton acreage, pushing overall progress to 67 percent complete, over 9 days ahead of 

normal. While harvest was active in all estimating States except California, Kansas, North Carolina, and Oklahoma, wet 

weather and soggy fields limited progress along the Upper Coast in Texas during the week ending September 19. By 

October 3, cotton acreage with opened bolls had advanced to 87 percent, 21 percentage points, or 16 days, ahead of last 

year, and 13 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. In Texas, harvest had just begun in the Southern High Plains, 

while producers in the Northern High Plains were busy applying defoliants with expectations of starting harvest within the 

coming weeks. Nationally, one-quarter of the cotton crop was harvested by October 3, fifteen percentage points ahead of 

last year and 7 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 56 percent of the cotton crop was reported in good 

to excellent condition on October 3, down 4 points from ratings on September 5 but 9 points better than the same time last 

year.

By September 19, sugarbeet harvest was well underway and ahead of both last year and the average pace in Michigan, 

Minnesota, and North Dakota, but had yet to begin as was behind normal in Idaho. Producers in the south-central area of 

Idaho began digging their beet fields during the week ending September 26, and by October 3, progress was evident 

Statewide. Nationally, producers had dug 30 percent of this year’s sugarbeet crop, 12 percentage points ahead of last year 

and 10 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
Crop Production (October 2010) 39

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Comments

Corn: Acreage updates were made in several States based on administrative data. Total planted area, at 88.2 million 

acres, is up less than 1 percent from June. Area harvested and to be harvested for grain is forecast at 81.3 million acres, up 

slightly from the September forecast. 

The October 1 corn objective yield data indicate the second highest number of ears per acre on record for the combined 

10 objective yield States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, and 

Wisconsin), only behind the record year of 2009. Record high ear counts are forecast in Iowa, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

As of October 3, sixty-six percent of the corn acreage was rated in good to excellent condition in the 18 major corn

producing States, down 4 percentage points from both last month and last year. Ninety-three percent of the corn acreage 

was rated mature or beyond, 39 percentage points higher than the same time last year and 14 percentage points ahead of 

the 5-year average. Thirty-seven percent of the intended corn for grain acreage was harvested by October 3, twenty-eight 

percentage points ahead of last year and 16 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average pace.

Sorghum: Production is forecast at 337 million bushels, down 10 percent from the September 1 forecast and 12 percent 

below last year. Based on updated administrative information, acreage changes were made in several States. Planted area 

is estimated at 5.40 million acres, down 10 percent from the previous forecast and down 19 percent from 2009. This is the 

lowest planted acreage on record. Harvested area is forecast at 4.66 million acres, down 10 percent from the previous 

forecast and 16 percent from last year. If realized, this will be the lowest harvested acreage on record since 1936. Based 

on October 1 conditions, yield is forecast at 72.4 bushels per acre, down 0.3 bushel from September but up 3.0 bushels 

from last year. Record high yields are forecast in Louisiana and Texas.

While crop maturity remained behind both last year and the average pace in Texas, warm temperatures promoted rapid 

maturity in Kansas mid-September, pushing progress 20 points ahead of last year and 8 points ahead of the average. 

Nationally, harvest inched forward during the first half of September, but gained speed as fields in portions of Texas 

began to dry out following excessive rainfall throughout much of the month. By October 3, harvest was underway in the 

11 major sorghum-producing States, with 39 percent of this year’s crop combined. On October 3, sixty percent of the crop 

was reported in good to excellent condition, down slightly from ratings on September 5 but 11 percentage points better 

than the same time last year.

Rice: Production is forecast at 242 million cwt, down 5 percent from the September forecast but up 10 percent from last 

year. Area for harvest is expected to total 3.62 million acres, unchanged from September but up 17 percent from 2009. As 

of October 1, the average United States yield is forecast at 6,687 pounds per acre, down 360 pounds from the previous 

forecast and down 398 pounds from last year. Expected yields are down from last month in all States except California, 

Louisiana, and Texas. Expected yields are up 100 pounds from the September forecast in California and unchanged from 

last month in Louisiana and Texas. If the forecast is realized, a new record-high yield will be achieved in Louisiana.

As of October 3, seventy-eight percent of the United States acreage was harvested, 18 percentage points ahead of last year 

and 6 points ahead of the 5-year average. Harvest progress was ahead of last year and the 5-year average in all States 

except California, where wet field conditions and spring rainstorms delayed planting. Only 10 percent of the crop in 

California was harvested as of October 3, compared with 61 percent last year and the 5-year average of 49 percent. 

Harvest was complete by the end of September in Texas.

Soybeans: Acreage updates were made in several States based on administrative data. Planted area, at 77.7 million acres, 

is down 1.15 million acres from June. Area for harvest is forecast at 76.8 million acres, down 1 percent from last month 

but up 1 percent from 2009. Harvested area, if realized, will be the largest on record.

The October objective yield data for the combined 11 major soybean-producing States (Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 

Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, and South Dakota) indicate a higher pod count compared 

with last year, as the crop was planted and has developed ahead of last year’s pace throughout the growing season. 

Compared with final counts for 2009, pod counts are up in 7 States, with increases of more than 250 pods per 18 square 
40 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

feet in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. The largest decrease from 2009’s final pod count is expected in Kansas, down 376 pods 

per 18 square feet.

As of October 3, eighty-eight percent of acreage was dropping leaves or beyond, 11 points ahead of last year’s pace and 

3 points ahead of the 5-year average. Progress was ahead of normal in all major-producing States except Iowa, Kansas, 

Missouri, and North Dakota. The percent of acreage dropping leaves was more than 10 points ahead of normal in 

Kentucky and Michigan. Harvest progress, at 37 percent complete, was 23 points ahead of last year’s pace and 9 points 

ahead of normal. Harvest progress was more than 20 percentage points ahead of normal in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, 

Ohio, and Tennessee.

As of October 3, sixty-four percent of the United States soybean crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 

3 percentage points behind the same week in 2009. Crop conditions declined or remained unchanged during September in 

all of the major-producing States except Illinois, Louisiana, Missouri, and Nebraska. The largest decline occurred in North 

Carolina, down 30 percentage points from last month, as hot, dry weather during most of September was followed by 

excessive rain at the end of the month. If realized, the forecasted yields in Illinois, Louisiana, Nebraska, New York, North 

Dakota, and Wisconsin will be record highs and the forecasted yield in Minnesota will tie the previous record high.

Sunflower: The first production forecast for 2010 is 2.91 billion pounds, down 4 percent from 2009. Area planted, at 

1.95 million acres, is down 7 percent from the June estimate and down 4 percent from last year. Sunflower growers expect 

to harvest 1.87 million acres, down 7 percent from June and down 4 percent from the 2009 acreage. The October yield 

forecast, at 1,552 pounds per acre, is 2 pounds lower than last year’s record high yield.

As of October 1, higher yields are expected in six of the top nine sunflower-producing States, with only Colorado, Kansas, 

and South Dakota farmers expecting lower yields compared with last year. In North Dakota, the largest 

sunflower-producing State, the yield is forecast at a record high 1,638 pounds per acre, up 120 pounds from the 2009 

yield. Development of the sunflower crop in North Dakota generally progressed ahead of last year but behind normal. As 

of October 3, sixty-nine percent of the sunflower crop in North Dakota was rated good to excellent, compared with 

74 percent at the same time last year. As of October 3, harvest progress was behind normal in Kansas, North Dakota and 

South Dakota, but was slightly ahead of normal in Colorado.

Peanuts: Production is forecast at 3.92 billion pounds, down 4 percent from the September forecast but up 6 percent from 

last year’s revised production of 3.69 billion pounds. Area for harvest is expected to total 1.26 million acres, unchanged 

from September but up 17 percent from 2009. Yields are expected to average 3,106 pounds per acre, down 136 pounds 

from September and down 315 pounds from last year.

Production in the Southeast States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina) is expected to total 

3.00 billion pounds, down 3 percent from September but 6 percent higher than last year. Area for harvest is forecast at 

965,000 acres, unchanged from September but up 17 percent from last year. Yields in the region are expected to average 

3,114 pounds per acre, down 109 pounds from September and 314 pounds below last year’s average yield. Expected 

yields increased from last month in Florida but were unchanged in Mississippi. In Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina 

average yields decreased from September due to continued dry weather and above average temperatures. As a result of the 

severely dry conditions during the growing season, many peanuts in the region have become contaminated with aflatoxin, 

which has reduced the quality of many harvested peanuts. 

Virginia-North Carolina production is forecast at 282 million pounds, down 8 percent from September and down 

2 percent from 2009. Area for harvest is forecast at 106,000 acres, unchanged from September but up 36 percent from the 

previous year. Average yield is forecast at 2,664 pounds per acre, down 234 pounds from last month and 1,036 pounds 

below last year. Hot, dry weather conditions this summer have resulted in lower yields in the region. In Virginia, where 

expected yield is 1,700 pounds below last year, 75 percent of the crop was rated in very poor to poor condition as of 

October 3. Peanut harvesting began in both States during September.

Southwest peanut production (New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) is expected to total 629 million pounds, down 

6 percent from September but up 10 percent from last year. Area for harvest, at 190,000 acres, is unchanged from 

September but 9 percent higher than last year. Yields in the region are expected to average 3,311 pounds per acre, down 
Crop Production (October 2010) 41

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221 pounds from September but 46 pounds higher than the previous year. Expected yields are down from last month in 

New Mexico and Texas but are unchanged in Oklahoma.

Canola: The first production forecast for 2010 is 2.53 billion pounds, up 72 percent from 2009. Area planted, at 

1.45 million acres, is down 5 percent from the June estimate but up 75 percent from last year. Canola farmers expect to 

harvest 1.42 million acres, down 5 percent from June but up 74 percent from 2009. The October yield forecast, at 

1,786 pounds per acre, is 25 pounds below last year’s yield. If realized, this will be the second highest yield for the United 

States on record.

The yield in North Dakota, the largest canola-producing State, is forecast at 1,810 pounds per acre, down 30 pounds from 

last year’s record yield. Crop development in North Dakota progressed ahead of last year but in line with the 5-year 

average pace. Warm, dry weather throughout August aided crop development. Harvest lagged slightly behind the normal 

pace during August and September but reached 95 percent complete by October 3.

Cotton: Upland cotton harvested area, at 10.6 million acres, is unchanged from last month but up 43 percent from last 

year. American Pima harvested area, at 207,000 acres, was carried forward from the August forecast.

The Upland cotton crop in the Southeastern States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and 

Virginia) developed ahead of normal due to the continual hot, dry weather. In Alabama and Georgia, defoliation and 

harvest progressed rapidly during the early weeks of September, while in the Carolinas, defoliation and harvest was just 

beginning. During the last week of the month, the region was hit by Tropical Storm Nicole and parts of the cotton growing 

areas of North Carolina and Virginia received over 5 inches of rain delaying harvest activities. As of October 3, 2010, the 

crop was rated in mostly fair to good condition except in Alabama and Virginia where the crop was rated in poor to fair 

condition. Objective yield data in Georgia shows bolls per acre and boll weight to be slightly below normal. 

Defoliation and harvest was in full swing in Louisiana and Mississippi by the first of September and was gaining 

momentum throughout the rest of the Delta region. Producers experienced ideal weather for harvest activities and by 

month’s end over 50 percent of the crop was harvested, well ahead of normal. The crop was rated in mostly good to fair 

condition. In Louisiana, objective yield data forecasted boll weight to be the lightest in the last 10 years. Objective yield

data in Arkansas showed the bolls per acre to be the largest on record and the largest in the last 5 years in Mississippi. 

Harvest was complete in South Texas by the middle of the month. In the Panhandle of Texas, the Upland cotton crop 

received beneficial rains from Tropical Storm Hermine. By the middle of the month, defoliation was underway with

limited harvesting on early planted fields. Ideal weather allowed the crop to develop ahead of normal and it was rated in 

good to fair condition. Objective yield data in Texas showed both forecasted boll weights and bolls per acre to be the 

second largest on record. In Oklahoma and Kansas, the fast developing crop was rated in fair to good condition. By the 

end of September, Oklahoma producers began harvesting their crop, ahead of normal. 

In Arizona, Upland cotton harvest started during the first week of September and continued throughout the month under 

ideal conditions. In California, the Upland crop developed slightly behind normal and defoliation began by the end of 

September. The Upland crop in Arizona and California was rated in mostly good to excellent condition on October 3, 

2010. 

The American Pima production forecast was carried forward from last month at 497,800 bales, up 25 percent from last 

year. The United States yield is forecast at 1,154 pounds per harvested acre, down 235 pounds from last year.

Ginnings totaled 2,288,500 running bales prior to October 1, compared with 233,900 running bales ginned prior to the 

same date last year and 797,400 running bales in 2008.

Alfalfa and alfalfa mixtures: Production is forecast at 71.3 million tons, down 2 percent from the August forecast but up 

slightly from last year. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are expected to average 3.44 tons per acre, down 0.05 ton 

from August but up 0.09 ton from last year. If realized, this will be the sixth highest yield on record. Harvested area is 

forecast at 20.7 million acres, unchanged from August but down 2 percent from the previous year’s acreage. 
42 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

A hot and dry August in most of the Corn Belt States and Northeast hindered yields. Conversely, cooler weather and lateseason rains reduced alfalfa hay yields in the Pacific Coast States. Compared with the previous forecast, yields are 

expected to be unchanged or decrease in all but four of the major-producing States. The largest yield decreases are 

forecast in Indiana, Kentucky, and New York. Producers in Arizona, Colorado, North Dakota, and Texas are expecting 

higher alfalfa hay yields than August, with Arizona, Nebraska, and North Dakota forecasting record high yields.

Other hay: Production is forecast at 81.0 million tons, down 1 percent from the August forecast but up 6 percent from 

last year. If realized, this will be the third highest production level on record. Based on October 1 conditions, yields are 

expected to average 2.08 tons per acre, down 0.01 ton from August but up 0.10 ton from last year. If realized, this will be 

a record high yield, surpassing the 2.06 tons per acre in 2004. Harvested area is forecast at 38.9 million acres, unchanged 

from August but up 1 percent from 2009.

Compared with the previous forecast, growers in most of the Corn Belt and Great Lakes States are expecting higher 

yields. Conversely, several States in the Southern Plains, Delta, and Southeast show a decrease in yield from the last 

forecast. Producers in California, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wyoming are expecting 

record high yields. The largest yield reduction from August occurred in New York, down 0.40 ton as dry weather reduced 

hay re-growth, while North Carolina yields increased 0.50 ton due to beneficial rainfall and mostly cooler than normal 

temperatures.

Dry Beans: United States dry edible bean production is forecast at 32.6 million cwt for 2010, up 6 percent from the 

August 1 forecast. Planted area is forecast at 1.90 million acres, up 7 percent from the August 1 forecast. Harvested area is 

forecast at 1.83 million acres, 7 percent above the August 1 forecast. The average United States yield is forecast at 

1,783 pounds per acre, a decrease of 15 pounds from the August 1 forecast. If realized, this will be the highest yield on 

record. Production is expected to be higher than 2009 in 12 of the 18 producing States. Each of the top five producing 

States is anticipating higher production this year.

In North Dakota, the largest producing State, warm, dry conditions throughout most of August aided crop development 

and by October 3, sixty-five percent of the crop was harvested. Throughout August and September, dry edible bean 

condition was rated 69 percent good to excellent. Michigan's dry bean harvest reached 89 percent complete as of the week 

ending October 3. Harvest began earlier than normal due to early planting, above average growing temperatures, and very 

little rainfall in late July and early August. The dry bean pod set was good. September was a cooler than normal month 

which helped to preserve dry bean seed quality. In Minnesota, harvest was underway by late September in all dry bean 

growing areas. As of October 3, eighty-five percent of dry beans were harvested. Dry bean condition was rated mostly 

good to excellent throughout the growing season.

Tobacco: United States all tobacco production for 2010 is forecast at 713 million pounds, 2 percent below the September 

forecast. Area harvested is forecast at 338,010 acres, up 2 percent from the September forecast. Yields for 2010 are 

expected to average 2,110 pounds per acre, down 83 pounds from the previous forecast.

Flue-cured tobacco production is expected to total 448 million pounds, 4 percent below the previous forecast. Growers 

plan to harvest 211,100 acres in 2010, unchanged from the September forecast. Yields are forecast to average 

2,123 pounds per acre, 93 pounds below last month. Yield expectations in South Carolina are unchanged from the 

September forecast, at 2,100 pounds per acre. Average yields in North Carolina, Virginia and Georgia each decreased 

100 pounds from last month.

Burley production is expected to total 186 million pounds, up 3 percent from the September forecast. Growers plan to 

harvest 97,900 acres, up 8 percent from the previous forecast. Yields are expected to average 1,897 pounds per acre, 

83 pounds below last month. Average yields in Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia decreased from a 

month ago, while burley yield in Pennsylvania increased by 100 pounds.

Fire-cured tobacco production is expected to total 48.1 million pounds, up 2 percent from last month’s forecast but 

9 percent below 2009. Growers plan to harvest 15,600 acres, up 1 percent from the September forecast. The yield is 

expected to average 3,080 pounds per acre, up 24 pounds from last month.
Crop Production (October 2010) 43

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Southern Maryland Belt tobacco production in Pennsylvania is expected to total 4.95 million pounds, unchanged from the 

September forecast. A total of 2,200 acres is expected to be harvested with average yields at 2,250 pounds per acre, both 

unchanged from the previous forecast.

Dark air-cured tobacco is expected to total 15.5 million pounds, down 5 percent from last month. Growers plan to harvest 

5,600 acres, down 5 percent from the September forecast. Yields are expected to average 2,761 pounds per acre, up 

17 pounds from the previous forecast.

All Cigar type production is expected to total 10.61 million pounds, up 3 percent from the previous forecast. Growers of 

cigar type tobacco plan to harvest 5,610 acres, slightly below the previous month. Overall yield is expected to average 

1,891 pounds per acre, up 57 pounds from September.

Sugarbeets: Production of sugarbeets for the 2010 crop year is forecast at 33.3 million tons, up 1 percent from the 

September 1 forecast and 12 percent above 2009. Producers expect to harvest 1.12 million acres, down 19,000 acres from 

September and down 24,100 acres from 2009. Expected yield is forecast at 29.6 tons per acre, an increase of 0.7 ton from 

the previous forecast and 3.9 tons from last year. If realized, this will be a record high yield for the United States. Record 

high yields are also expected in Colorado, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, and Wyoming.

By September 19, sugarbeet harvest was well underway and ahead of both last year and the average pace in Michigan, 

Minnesota, and North Dakota, but had yet to begin and was behind normal in Idaho. Nationally, producers had dug 

30 percent of this year’s sugarbeet crop by October 3, twelve percentage points ahead of last year and 10 percentage 

points ahead of the 5-year average.

Sugarcane: Production of sugarcane for sugar and seed is forecast at 30.2 million tons, unchanged from the September 1 

forecast but down 1 percent from 2009. Production decreases from last year are expected in Hawaii and Louisiana, while 

increases are expected in Florida and Texas. Producers intend to harvest 876,200 acres for sugar and seed in 2010, also 

unchanged from last month but up 2,300 acres from last year. In Texas, harvested acre for sugar and seed is expected to 

total 52,000 acres. If realized, this will be a record high for the State. Conversely, producers in Hawaii are expected to 

harvest 17,200 acres for sugar and seed. If realized, this will be a record low for the State. Expected yield is forecast at 

34.5 tons per acre, unchanged from the September 1 forecast but down 0.3 ton from 2009.

Significant rainfall delivered by Tropical Storm Nicole at the start of October delayed sugarcane harvest in Florida. 

Elsewhere, harvest in Louisiana was underway Statewide and progressing ahead of the normal pace. Despite unusually 

dry conditions throughout much of the growing season in Louisiana, tonnage was reported as being good due to timely 

rainfall received in August.

Grapefruit: The 2010-2011 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.22 million tons, down slightly from the 

2009-2010 crop.

Florida’s grapefruit production is forecast at 20.0 million boxes (850,000 tons), down 1 percent from last season. Fruit 

size is projected to be below average. The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 6.00 million boxes (255,000 tons), 

unchanged from the 2009-2010 season. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is 2 percent 

below last season.

In Texas, grapefruit production is forecast at 5.50 million boxes (220,000 tons), down 2 percent from last season. The 

California grapefruit forecast is 152,000 tons (3.80 million boxes), 8 percent higher than last season.

Lemons: The forecast for the 2010-2011 United States lemon crop is 948,000 tons, up 10 percent from the 2009-2010 

final utilization. California production is forecast at 840,000 tons (21.0 million boxes), up 8 percent from last season. 

Harvest of the new season crop began in the Desert Region. Lemon production in Arizona is forecast at 108,000 tons 

(2.70 million boxes), up 29 percent from last season.

Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.10 million boxes (50,000 tons), up 22 percent from last season’s final utilization. 

The estimated fruit per tree is up from last year, while fruit size and droppage are projected to be below average.
44 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 626,000 tons, up 5 percent 

from the 2009-2010 crop.

The California tangerine and mandarin forecast is 400,000 tons (10.0 million boxes), up 8 percent from last season. A 

large crop is expected as non-bearing trees continue to make the transition into bearing fruit. Florida’s tangerine crop is 

forecast at 4.50 million boxes (214,000 tons), up 1 percent from the previous season. Fruit size is projected to be below 

average. Production in Arizona is forecast at 12,000 tons (300,000 boxes), down 8 percent from last season.

Florida citrus: High temperatures were mainly in the low to mid 90s, while low temperatures dropped into the upper 50s 

in some areas by the end of the month. Rainfall was variable, with weekly precipitation totals ranging from trace amounts 

to over three inches. Moderate to severe drought conditions were reported in Indian River County and surrounding 

counties. Growing conditions remain favorable across the rest of the citrus region.

Grove activities included applying herbicides, mowing, dead tree removal, and young tree care. Grove caretakers 

continued to survey groves for greening, treat trees for the citrus psyllid, and remove infected trees.

California citrus: Valencia oranges continued to be picked in the Central Valley and along the southern coast, although 

harvest slowed due to quality issues stemming from regreening of fruit. The lemon harvest along the southern coast was 

completed while light picking continued in the Desert Region.

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: The peach, nectarine, plum, and prune harvests were completed in the Sacramento 

Valley, while some late varieties were harvested in the San Joaquin Valley. The apple and pear harvests continued in the 

Central Valley. Harvest of table, wine, and raisin grapes continued in the San Joaquin Valley. White wine grapes were 

harvested in the north and central coastal counties. The final European grapevine moth sprays were applied in Napa 

County in preparation for the upcoming harvest. Early Foothill pomegranates were picked in Tulare County. Field 

preparations were made for the upcoming strawberry nursery plant harvest in Siskiyou County. Fruit in olive orchards 

continued to mature in size at a slow pace due to a heavy set.

Shaking and harvesting of Nonpareil almond varieties in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys was ongoing, while 

harvesting began for later varieties. Reports of salt water damage to almond orchards were received from growers in 

western portions of the San Joaquin Valley. Irrigation, weed control, and ground preparations continued in walnut 

orchards as harvest of early varieties began in the Central Valley. Irrigation and pest control was ongoing in pecan 

orchards, while the pistachio harvest continued.

Apples: The final 2010 United States apple production forecast is set at 9.41 billion pounds, down 1 percent from August 

and 5 percent below 2009. Decreases in production from August were shown by Michigan, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and 

West Virginia, while unchanged production levels were reported in New York, North Carolina, and Washington. All other 

State forecasts were carried forward from August.

Production in the Western States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, and Washington) is forecast at 

6.20 billion pounds, unchanged from August but 6 percent above 2009. Washington production, which makes up 

60 percent of the United States total, is forecast at 5.65 billion pounds, unchanged from the previous forecast but up 

5 percent from 2009. Overall production is expected to be higher than last year’s production due to better weather this 

summer. Washington producers experienced a cold, late spring this year that resulted in a higher percentage of small fruit.

Production in the Eastern States (Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia) is forecast at 2.34 billion pounds, 

down 2 percent from August and down 10 percent from 2009. The apple forecast in New York, at 1.20 billion pounds, is 

unchanged from the August forecast but 13 percent below the 2009 estimate. Growers reported frost in the spring and a 

hail storm in the summer which negatively impacted their crops. Pennsylvania’s forecast, at 481 million pounds, is 

1 percent lower than August and 6 percent lower than 2009. Some producers reported stink bug damage and scabbing. 

Virginia’s forecast of 225 million is down 8 percent from August and down 8 percent from the 2009 estimate. Growers in 

the northern Virginia area reported bad frost damage in early May, while growers in the south reported struggling with 
Crop Production (October 2010) 45

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

stink bug infestations. Overall, the State suffered from a hot and dry summer which resulted in smaller fruit. The apple 

forecast in North Carolina, at 144 million pounds, is unchanged from August but 20 percent above last year’s hail-affected 

crop. The West Virginia forecast is set at 65.2 million pounds, down 20 percent from August and down 20 percent from 

2009. Growers reported frost, drought, and insect damage to their crop.

Production in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and 

Wisconsin) is forecast at 873 billion pounds, a decrease of 2 percent from August and 39 percent lower than 2009. 

Michigan’s production forecast is 590 million pounds, down 3 percent from August and 49 percent below 2009. The 

Michigan apple crop was negatively impacted by continual spring frosts and wet conditions.

Pecans: Production is forecast at 271 million pounds (utilized, in-shell basis), 7 percent below the 2009 production. When 

compared with last year, native production is forecast to be down in all States except Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. 

Although this is a down year in the alternate bearing pattern, conditions have been favorable in these States. In Kansas, 

native variety production, at 2.30 million pounds, is expected to be the highest since 2005. Improved varieties are forecast 

below last year’s production in all States except California, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas. Nationally, improved 

varieties are expected to produce 220 million pounds or 81 percent of the total, while native and seedling varieties, at 

51.0 million pounds, make up the remaining 19 percent of production. 

In Georgia, production is forecast at 75.0 million pounds, 17 percent below last year. Drought conditions throughout the 

summer produced widespread stress on dryland orchards.

New Mexico’s forecast, at 56.0 million pounds, is down 18 percent from last year. The crop is expected to be good, 

despite being an off year in the alternate bearing cycle. Weather conditions have been favorable.

The Arizona forecast is 19.0 million pounds, 5 percent below last year. Oklahoma’s crop is forecast at 22.0 million 

pounds, a 63 percent increase from last year. A good year is expected by Oklahoma pecan growers as their orchards 

continue to recover from the damage caused by the 2007 ice storm. 

Grapes: United States grape production is forecast at 6.88 million tons, down 3 percent from the August forecast and 

down 6 percent from last year. California leads the United States in grape production with 89 percent of the total. 

Washington and New York are the next largest producing States, with 5 percent and 2 percent, respectively. California’s 

all grape forecast, at 6.15 million tons, is down 3 percent from August. The Washington all grape forecast of 356,000 tons 

is down 4 percent from the August forecast, while New York growers expect to harvest 170,000 tons, unchanged from the 

previous forecast.

California’s wine type grape production is expected to total 3.30 million tons, 54 percent of California’s total grape crop. 

The production forecast for wine type varieties is down 6 percent from the August forecast. California’s raisin type grape 

production is forecast at 1.95 million tons, 32 percent of California’s total grape crop. The raisin type grape forecast is 

unchanged from August. Weather has been mostly favorable this season, although cool, wet weather in the spring and 

summer resulted in some mildew problems. California’s table type grape production is forecast at 900,000 tons, 

unchanged from the previous forecast.

Washington’s wine grape production is forecast at 156,000 tons, down 3 percent from the August forecast. Reports from 

growers indicate harvest is progressing a week to ten days behind average. The juice type grape forecast, at 200,000 tons, 

is down 5 percent from August.

New York’s grape production forecast, at 170,000 tons, is unchanged from the August forecast. As of October 3, harvest 

was 52 percent complete and the crop condition was rated 92 percent good to excellent.

Prunes (dried plums): California’s 2010 prune production forecast is 150,000 dried tons, down 10 percent from the 

166,000 tons in 2009. Cooler weather and lighter fruit sets contributed to a lower yield compared to 2009. Pest pressures 

are more of a concern this year because of increased rain and cooler temperatures.
46 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology

Field crop survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between September 24 and 

October 5 to gather information on expected yield as of October 1. The objective yield surveys for corn, cotton, and 

soybeans were conducted in the major producing States that usually account for about 75 percent of the United States 

production. Randomly selected plots were revisited to make current counts. The counts made within each sample plot 

depend on the crop and the maturity of that crop. In all cases, plant counts are recorded along with other measurements 

that provide information to forecast the number of ears, bolls, or pods and their weight. The counts are used with similar 

data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net 

yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the fruit is harvested and weighed. After the farm 

operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss.

The farm operator survey was conducted primarily by telephone with some use of mail, internet, and personal 

interviewers. Approximately 15,000 producers were interviewed during the survey period and asked questions about 

probable yield. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide indications of 

average yields.

Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the October 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, 

which produced about 73 percent of the United States production last season. In August and September 2010, the number 

of bearing trees and the number of fruit per tree were determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size 

measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas 

conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California conducts an 

objective measurement survey in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.

Field crop estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for 

reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather 

patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their 

analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State 

analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecasts. 

Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors, 

reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. Reports from growers and packers in California and Texas were 

also used for setting estimates. These three States submit their analyses of the current situation to the Agricultural 

Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published October 1 forecast.

Revision policy: The October 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month 

throughout the growing season. End-of-season estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the marketing season, a 

balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are 

then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. Estimates of planted acres for 

spring planted crops are subject to revision in the August Crop Production report if conditions altered the planting 

intentions since the mid-year survey. Planted acres may also be revised for cotton, peanuts, and rice in the September 

Crop Production report each year; spring wheat, Durum wheat, barley, and oats only in the Small Grains Annual report at 

the end of September; and all other spring planted crops in the October Crop Production report. Revisions to planted acres 

will only be made when special survey data, administrative data, such as Farm Service Agency program “sign up” data, or 

remote sensing data are available. Harvested acres may be revised any time a production forecast is made if there is strong 

evidence that the intended harvested area has changed since the last forecast. End-of-season orange estimates will be 

published in September’s Citrus Fruits Summary. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the 

end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances 

are made for recorded local utilization and home use.

Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the October 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square 

Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the October 1 production 

forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage 

deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the “Root Mean 
Crop Production (October 2010) 47

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Square Error.” Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the 

final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing 

recent years. For example, the "Root Mean Square Error" for the October 1 corn for grain production forecast is 

3.1 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final 

estimate by more than 3.1 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not 

exceed 5.4 percent.

Also, shown in the following table is a 20-year record for selected crops of the differences between the October 1 forecast 

and the final estimate. Using corn again as an example, changes between the October 1 forecast and the final estimate 

during the last 20 years have averaged 197 million bushels, ranging from 3 million bushels to 624 million bushels. The 

October 1 forecast has been below the final estimate 9 times and above 11 times. This does not imply that the October 1 

corn forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.

Reliability of October 1 Crop Production Forecasts

[Based on data for the past twenty years]

Crop Root mean

square error

90 percent

confidence

interval

Difference between forecast

and final estimate

Production Years

Average Smallest Largest Below

final

Above

final

(percent) (percent) (millions) (millions) (millions) (number) (number)

Corn for grain ..................................... bushels

Rice .......................................................... cwt

Sorghum for grain .............................. bushels

Soybeans for beans ........................... bushels

Upland cotton 1...................................... bales

Dry Edible Beans ...................................... cwt

Oranges 1 2..............................................tons

Oranges 1................................................tons

3.1

2.7

5.9

2.4

4.9

3.5

4.0

8.8

5.4

4.7

10.2

4.1

8.4

6.0

7.0

15.3

197

4

19

51

741

1

352

580

3

(Z)

(Z)

8

15

(Z)

18

18

624

13

105

109

1,675

3

917

2,043

9

10

10

12

14

16

7

7

11

10

10

8

6

4

9

13

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

1 Quantity is in thousands of units.

2 Excluding freeze and hurricane seasons.
48 Crop Production (October 2010)

USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact 

for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@nass.usda.gov

Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch .......................................................................................................(202) 720-2127

Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section ...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127

 Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice........................................................................................................ (202) 720-7688

 Shiela Corley – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum........................................................................ (202) 720-5944

 Bryan Durham – Hay, Oats.............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3234

 Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526

 Nick Schauer – Wheat, Rye ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068

 Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops....................................................................... (202) 720-7621

 Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds..................................................................(202) 720-7369

Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................(202) 720-2127

 Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries......................................(202) 720-2157

 Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ...............................................(202) 720-4288

 Dawn Keen – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ........................................................(202) 720-4215

 Steve Maliszewski – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits..........................................................(202) 720-5412

 Tierra Mobley – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes ....................................................(202) 720-4285

 Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mints,

 Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans ..................................................(202) 720-3250

 Kim Ritchie – Hops..........................................................................................................................(360) 709-2400
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provider and employer.
USDA Data Users’ Meeting

Monday October 25, 2010

Crowne Plaza Chicago-Metro

Chicago, Illinois 60661

312-829-5000

The USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service will be organizing an open forum for data users. 

The purpose will be to provide updates on pending changes in the various statistical and information 

programs and seek comments and input from data users. Other USDA agencies to be represented will 

include the Agricultural Marketing Service, the Economic Research Service, the Foreign Agricultural 

Service, and the World Agricultural Outlook Board. The Foreign Trade Division from the Census 

Bureau will also be included in the meeting. 

For registration details or additional information for the Data Users’ Meeting, see the NASS homepage 

at http://www.nass.usda.gov/meeting/ or contact Marie Jordan (NASS) at 202-690-8141 or at 

marie_jordan@nass.usda.gov.

This Data Users’ Meeting precedes an Industry Outlook Meeting that will be held at the same location 

on Tuesday October 26, 2010. The Outlook meeting brings together analysts from various commodity 

sectors to discuss the outlook situation. For registration details or additional information for the Industry

Outlook Meeting, see the Livestock and Marketing Information Center (LMIC) homepage at

http://www.lcmic.info/ or contact Erica Rosa 303-236-0461 at rosa@lmic.info or Laura Lahr 303-236-

0464 at lahr@lmic.info.