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BWhether this court views the district court’s action as achoice between guidelines or a departure, the result is thesame. The heartland analysis that should be applied prior todetermining which guideline applies is identical to theanalysis that should be applied in determining whether adeparture is warranted.See Smith, 186 F.3d at 298.Moreover, in the departure context, this court has held that thefact that a money laundering offense involved proceedsrelated to unlawful activity other than drug trafficking ororganized crime is not sufficient to take the offense outside ofthe heartland of the money laundering guideline.UnitedStates v. Reed, 167 F.3d 984, 995 (6th Cir. 1999);UnitedStates v. Ford, 184 F.3d 566, 587 (6th Cir. 1999). Thus, evenif the district court’s decision is treated not as a departure butas an application of a more appropriate guideline, the districtcourt’s rationale was not sufficient to warrant the lowercourt’s decision not to apply the money laundering guidelineto the money laundering offense. Accordingly, the districtcourt’s sentence should be reversed and remanded withinstructions to re-sentence Chilingirian in accordance with themoney laundering guideline.
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The Third Circuit has since clarified the holding ofSmith:Where money laundering is not‘minimal or incidental,’and is‘separate from the underlying crime’and intendedto‘make it appear that the funds were legitimate’or tofunnel money into further criminal activities,§2S1.1 isan applicable guideline. The guideline may also beapplicable if there is evidence that the activities whichfulfilled the broad statutory requirements for moneylaundering were extensive with drug trafficking or otherserious crime.United States v. Mustafa, 238 F.3d 485, 495 (3d Cir. 2001)(quotingUnited States v. Bockius, 228 F.3d 305, 313 (3d Cir.2000)). In this case, it could also be argued that even if thisCircuit were to applySmith, its rationale would fail toproduce the result desired by Chilingirian. The moneylaundering in this case was not minimal nor incidental, and itappears to have been funneled through the client trust accountin order to make it appear legitimate and to further the radartechnology/fraud scheme.&&(#)(#+,(%#!()'
		7')(FGH@&(+&% %IJ(K"(' ' %5(+ !+ %&.,()!('+%('(')(+ %)"#%&% %,%"+'>(+%('((' ##( %2+ ,"%& #%(+,! #+'),+%('>!>),%&.,()!('+%('$% !(+ 2!%%&' %,#"%&""'+'),+%+& #.)(' %& +,'% " @&(+& %& )"') '% @  +'>(+%)L($(! #!5%&(+,#%& #>(,!5 #!()'%&(! '., .')&!)%& %%&)(%#(+%+,#%$,%)+()@&(+&.,()!('($% !(+ 2!+'()#('.%&" +%('>!>)0)0EG%&(#000HThis portion of the Guidelines Manual has since beenamended so that the sentencing court is now required to usethe guideline that Appendix A says is applicable.SeeU.S.S.G., Appendix A (2000). Thus, theSmithapproach isno longer relevant.
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'*+$2#"#?%('"#$)%& &()%& %%&5@,!)'%."#@ #) @(%& '5 ) !  >#%&! ,))# ') %&#!@&='@&(!('.(#( ' !('>%)('M		' #!5B('!(.&%"%&2 '=#,%+5%&,))#2. '% ('. %!&' +'># %(' @(%& %&  &() ')&(!('.(#( '
''"%&+'># %('&(!('.(#( ' ()%& %&& )2'@#=('.'$%&('.%& %@ .('.%2" 2,!, Chilingirian also reassured%&#s that he wasworking on several deals.In mid-1995, Chilingirian attempted to settle all of thebankruptcy claims against VRSS and the Rashids with moneyavailable from a group of investors known as the "TindallGroup." Paul Tindall, and his wife Ann Louise, lived inCanada and were related to Jack Rashid’s wife. The Tindallsmet with Jack Rashid in January 1995. In late June 1995, theRashids went to Toronto to present their technology to, andE
seek investments from, a group of over thirty people wholearned of this opportunity through Paul Tindall.In December 1995, Advanced Radar Systems ("ART") wasincorporated in Canada in order to take in the money from theCanadian investors. Neither the Rashids nor Chilingirianinformed the Canadian investors about VRSS’s bankruptcy ortheir plan to use the investors’money to pay creditors. TheCanadians invested heavily, but the money was put intoVRSS. According to the government’s summary, the recordsof Chilingirian’s client trust fund show that $2.48 million inchecks was given to Jack Rashid by ART-Canada investors.Chilingirian endorsed $2.267 million of those checks into histrust account. Chilingirian then wrote $275,000 worth ofchecks to himself, gave $1.473 million to Jack Rashid, anddisbursed $480,000 to settle various investors’claims againstRashid. Aside from Peter Tindall, none of the Canadianinvestors have ever recouped any money invested with theRashids.When Chilingirian incorporated ART in Canada on behalfof Jack Rashid, he opened a new client trust account as well.According to the government, this account was used tolaunder money received from the last group of investors, the"Kraft Group." James Kraft was a long time friend of JackRashid. He was solicited for money in April 1996, andinvested money from his retirement account. He also broughtin contributions from over thirty other investors.In 1996, Chilingirian and members of the Rudder Groupdiscussed settlement of the investors’claims against theRashids/VRSS. Some investors did get a portion of theirmoney back, but they had to sign affidavits exculpating JackRashid. Similarly, despite numerous complaints frominvestors, Chilingirian continued to deposit money from theKraft Group into his client trust account, then withdraw somefor Jack Rashid and a lesser amount for himself.On April 23, 1997, Chilingirian was indicted on charges ofconspiracy in violation of 18 U.S.C.§371, mail fraud in
E. Fraud Guideline or Money Laundering Guideline?The government, on cross-appeal, argues that the districtcourt erred by sentencing Chilingirian according to the fraudguidelines, rather than the money laundering guidelines.Chilingirian was found guilty of conspiracy to commit moneylaundering and Jack Rashid pleaded guilty to the sameoffense. However, Judge O’Meara sentenced the defendantsaccording to different sentencing guidelines. He sentencedJack Chilingirian according to the sentencing guideline forfraud (§2F1.1) and sentenced Jack Rashid according to thesentencing guideline for money laundering (§2S1.1). Thefraud guideline results in a significantly lower offense level.The government argues that the court should have applied theguidelines for money laundering to Chilingirian.This is a case of first impression in this circuit.Chilingirian and the district court rely on case law from theThird Circuit. InUnited States v. Smith, 186 F.3d 290 (3dCir. 1999),the Third Circuit held that the money launderingguidelines were too harsh to apply to what it described as aroutine fraud case in which the money laundering activity wasan "incidental by-product" of a kick-back scheme.Id.at 300.The court explained that the sentencing court must perform a"heartland" analysis when deciding what guideline should beapplied and when deciding whether to depart.See id.at 298.Thus, in order to determine whether the money launderingguideline should apply, the court had to determine whatconduct was considered by the Sentencing Commission to fallwithin the heartland cases covered under the moneylaundering guideline. The court considered the SentencingCommission’s proposed amendments to the moneylaundering guideline, which were rejected by Congress, and"conclude[d] that the Sentencing Commission itself hasindicated that the heartland of U.S.S.G.§2S1.1 is the moneylaundering activity connected with extensive drug traffickingand serious crime."Id.at 300.
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Bviolation of 18 U.S.C.§1341, wire fraud in violation of 18U.S.C.§1343, aiding and abetting the interstatetransportation of funds taken by fraud in violation of 18U.S.C.§2314, tampering with a witness in violation of 18U.S.C.§1512, and conspiracy to launder money instrumentsin violation of 18 U.S.C.§§1956(a)(1)(A)(i),1956(a)(1)(B)(i), and 1956(h).On April 29, 1999, the district court convicted Chilingirianof conspiracy to commit money laundering. On October 8,1999, Chilingirian filed a Motion and Brief requesting bailpending appeal. On October 18, 1999,&(!('.(#( '3#C,%"# 2 (! @  )'() ')he was sentenced to 37 monthsimprisonment, 2 years supervised release, and restitution inthe amount of $335,167.50.'  !&(!('.(#( ' #.,%& %%&)(%#(+%+,#%3)'( !"&($%('"#2 (!>(! %)&( +'%(%,%(' ! #(.&%   ! #., %& % %& )(%#(+%+,#%3 +C,(%% !"&($'+#% ('""'@ ('+'(%'%@(%&%&+,#%3>#)(+%".,(!%5'%&+'(# +5%+$$(%$'5! ,')#('.+& #.,#%&#&(!('.(#( ' !!.%& %+#% ('+,'%@(%&('%&(')(+%$'%+& #.)%& $""'')%&,%&(')(+%$'%@ $,!%(!(+(%,'+#  !%& .>#'$'% !!. %& % %& )(%#(+% +,#% ##) 25'%'+('.&(!('.(#( ' ++#)('.%%&"# ,).,()!('II. STANDARD OF REVIEWThis court reviews a district court's denial of bail under anabuse of discretion standard.!"/)//G%&(#H&6 (!"#$+%/
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