# Water co-produced with coalbed methane in

the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: preliminary compositional data

byRice, C.A. 1 , Ellis, M.S. 1 , and Bullock, J.H., Jr. 1

______________________________________________________ Open-File Report 00-372

2000

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with the U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

1 Denver, Coloradoi 

### Table of Contents

Introduction

................................ ................................ ................................ .......................... 1 Geologic Setting

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 2 Methods

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 3 Results and Discussion

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 4 Acknowledgments

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 5 References

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ 5
List of Figures
Figure 1. Generalized geologic map of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana

showing the basin axis, counties, major cities, location of cross section (Fig. 2), and approximate extent of the study area (modified from Flores and Bader, 1999).

................................ ................................ ................................ ................... 7 Figure 2. Cross section showing an example of the complex stratigraphic relationship of

coal beds in part of the Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation. This cross section is in the central part of the Powder River Basin, Wyoming near the city of Gillette. (Modified from Flores and others, 1999).

.................. 8 Figure 3. Composite stratigraphic column showing the Upper Cretaceous Lance

Formation (part) and Tertiary Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana. Major coal beds and zones in the Fort Union Formation are identified. Coal zones or beds targeted for coalbed methane are bold. (Modified from Flores and Bader, 1999).

.............. 9 Figure 4. Map showing the Powder River Basin, counties, and location of well sites

sampled for this study.

................................ ................................ ...................... 10 Figure 5. Collecting filtered samples for analysis.

................................ ........................... 11 Figure 6. Distribution of total dissolved solids in water co-produced with coalbed

methane from the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone. Composition of selected samples indicated by Stiff diagrams.

................................ ................................ 12

List of Tables
Table 1. Information on wells sampled. Information is from Wyoming Oil and Gas

Conservation Commission well files and completion reports.

......................... 13 Table 2. Measured parameters and major and minor element concentrations in waters

produced with coalbed methane from wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming.

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 15 Table 3. Trace element concentrations in water produced with coalbed methane from

wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming.

................................ .................... 171 

### Water co-produced with coalbed methane in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming:

preliminary compositional data
C. A. Rice, M. S. Ellis, and J. H. Bullock, Jr.

INTRODUCTION
Production of water and natural gas from coal beds (coalbed methane, CBM) has increased dramatically over the past ten years and the gas currently accounts for about 6% of the total produced in the United States. The Powder River Basin (PRB) in Wyoming and Montana (Fig. 1) has emerged as one of the most active new areas of CBM production since 1997. Gas and water are being produced from thick coals in the Paleocene age Fort Union Formation primarily in the eastern part of the basin, although development is expanding to the northwest in the basin at the time of this report. The number of producing wells has increased from 270 in March, 1997 to 2,469 as of March, 2000 (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (WOGCC)). CBM production in the same period has increased from 34,529 thousand cubic feet per day (mcf/day) to over 333,000 mcf/day (WOGCC, 2000). Estimates from State and federal officials and industry representatives of the total number of wells expected in the basin over the next 20-30 years vary from 15,000-70,000. Water is also brought to the surface during production of coalbed methane. The water in coal beds contributes to pressure in the coal beds that keeps methane gas adsorbed to the coal. During production, this water is pumped to the ground surface to lower the pressure in the reservoir and stimulate desorption of methane from the coal. As with gas production, water production in the PRB has also increased in the three-year period between 1997 and 2000 from about 130,000 barrels per day to over 1.28 million barrels per day (WOGCC, 2000), a ten-fold increase. As the number of CBM wells increases, the amount of water produced will also increase. Water production from a CBM well typically declines over the life of the well, and declining water production is anticipated and has been observed in CBM wells that have produced for several years. Decline in water production in developing areas of the basin and the basin as a whole is not expected to occur until most of the CBM wells have been developed and produced for a number of years. Reliable data on the composition of the water produced from the CBM wells are needed so that State and federal land use managers can make informed decisions on handling, disposal, and possible beneficial use of water produced with CBM. Previous studies of water associated with coal beds in the PRB have focused on small areas near surface coal mines (Drever and others, 1977; Larson, 1988). Composition data on groundwater in the Fort Union Formation presented previously (Larson and Daddow, 1984) and other data acquired by the State of Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality through the discharge permit process are not coal bed specific. The data may represent co-mingled water from multiple coal beds and/or surface water or water from strata in the Fort Union Formation distinctly different from water produced from coal bed methane wells. Compositional data for CBM water can provide information on the2 

### heterogeneity of the CBM reservoirs, the potential flow paths in the Fort Union Formation, and the source and compositional evolution of the water. In an effort to provide a better understanding of CBM resources and associated water, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Land Management and coalbed methane production companies in the PRB is conducting multidisciplinary studies in the Powder River Basin. These studies are investigating regional geology and hydrology, coal composition, gas composition, methane desorption, and water composition. This report provides preliminary compositional data on water from 47 CBM wells sampled between June, 1999 and May, 2000 in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Data on major, minor, and trace elements are included. Other analyses on these samples, including deuterium, oxygen, and carbon stable isotopes, and dissolved organic carbon are not yet available. Additional sampling in the basin is planned over the next year to include other areas brought into development.

GEOLOGICAL SETTING Powder River Basin geology is described by Ellis and others (1998), Flores and Bader (1999), and Flores and others (1999) and summarized below. The Powder River Basin includes over 12,000 square miles (Fig. 1). It is an asymmetrical structural and sedimentary basin with an axis that trends northwest to southeast on the western side. Coalbed methane is currently produced from coal reservoirs in the Paleocene Tongue River and Lebo Shale Members of the Fort Union Formation. The Fort Union Formation crops out along the margin of the Powder River Basin and, in much of the study area, is overlain by the Eocene Wasatch Formation (Fig. 1). Fort Union rocks dip an average of 20 to 25 degrees to the east along the western margin of the basin, and have an average dip of 2 to 5 degrees to the west on the eastern margin of the basin. The formation reaches a maximum of over 6,000 ft in thickness in the deepest part (along the axis) of the basin. The Fort Union Formation contains conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone, with minor amounts of limestone, coal, and carbonaceous shale. Coal in the formation ranges from a few inches to over 200 ft thick, with an average thickness of 25 ft. The Fort Union was deposited in fluvial environments that consisted of braided, meandering, and anastomosed streams in the center of the basin, and alluvial plains along the basin margins (Flores and others, 1999). Coal developed from peat that accumulated in low-lying swamps and in raised or domed mires, in fluvial floodplains, abandoned fluvial channels, and interchannel environments. The thickest coal beds developed from peat that accumulated in raised mires, which formed above drainage level (Flores and others, 1999). The coal beds either split laterally or pinch out in areas where the peat was incised by fluvial channels, now represented by sandstone; or was inundated with overbank, floodplain, or floodplain-lake deposits, now represented by mudstone (Fig. 2). The stratigraphic relationship of coal beds in the Fort Union Formation is very complex. The beds merge, split, and pinch out within short distances. Therefore, targeted coalbed methane beds vary across the basin (Figs. 2 and 3). Much of the CBM development is concentrated in the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone, although other beds and zones are locally being targeted as well (Fig. 3). Because of the complex stratigraphy, correlation and nomenclature problems have arisen in the basin. According to operator completion reports filed with the WOGCC, the Tongue River Member coal beds3 

### producing coalbed methane in the sampled wells include the Wyodak, Anderson, Canyon, Cook, Big George, Wall, and Pawnee. Two of the reservoirs, identified as the Cache and Moyer, are in the Lebo Shale Member. Also, in the operator completion reports, if the name of the coal bed was not known, the operator designated the producing unit as Fort Union. In an effort to clarify some of the correlation and nomenclature problems, the U.S. Geological Survey is currently working with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the WOGCC to standardize coalbed nomenclature (Flores, R.M., personal communication).

METHODS
Wells were selected for water sampling according to the distribution and the age of the wells. Sufficient time (minimum 1-2 weeks) past completion or workover is needed to ensure that formation water uncontaminated by drilling and completion fluids is sampled. Two wells per township were sampled to represent each producing coal seam. From June, 1999 through May, 2000, 47 wells were sampled for water (Fig. 4). Wells sampled, the date of sampling, and other pertinent information is listed in Table 1 and was obtained from the WOGCC well files and drilling completion reports. The producing coal listed in Table 1 for each sample is the well operator’s designation (from well completion reports) and identification of coal seams or coal seam names may neither be consistent among operators nor consistent with nomenclature used by others. Water samples were collected following guidelines of Lico and others (1988). Wells were allowed to flow through the tubing and fittings prior to collection of water samples to ensure flushing of the sample ports and collection of a representative sample. Most wells were pumping nearly continuously so water in the well bore was constantly being replaced. Water was collected directly from the wellhead by attaching tygon tubing to a port on the wellhead tee. The pressure on the port was generally less than 60 psi. Both gas and water were expelled from the well, but the amount of gas expelled was generally small relative to the amount of water. The water was allowed to collect in 5 gallon buckets while flushing the well and into a clean, rinsed polyethylene carboy with spigot or directly to the filter setup during sampling. Clean sample bottles were rinsed with well water at least twice prior to collection of a sample. For those analyses that did not require filtering (total inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and conductivity) samples were taken directly from the tygon tubing. Water in the carboy was immediately filtered through a 0.1 m polyethersulfone membrane filter utilizing a peristaltic pump, tygon tubing, and an acrylic filter holder (Fig. 5). Polyethylene bottles for major, minor, and trace cation analyses were prewashed with a mixture of 1.6 N nitric and 3.6 N sulfuric acid followed by a rinse with deionized water. Polyethylene bottles used for anions were prewashed with deionized water. Samples for major, minor, and trace cations, deuterium, oxygen, and carbon stable isotopes, and anions were collected from filtered water. The major, minor, and trace cation samples, except for mercury, were acidified with Ultrex nitric acid to a pH <2. Samples analyzed for mercury were collected in 30 mL glass bottles containing 1.5 mL of a sodium dichromate-ultrapure nitric acid mixture. Temperature and pH were measured while the well flowed prior to collection of samples. The pH meter and electrode were calibrated using standard buffers before each measurement. Conductivity of the water was measured at the well, but measurements4 

### proved to be unreliable because of gas bubbles affecting the conductivity probe. Conductivity reported in this paper is the measured conductivity in the laboratory at 20 o 

### C. Total alkalinity for samples was determined by titration with standard sulfuric acid as soon as possible after sample collection, generally within 8 hours of collection. Samples for alkalinity, anions, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia, and 13 

### C of bicarbonate were placed on ice in an ice chest in the field and transferred to a refrigerator on return to the laboratory. Analytical methods used in this study are described in detail in Arbogast, 1996. Major and minor cations were determined by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) with duplicate samples having a mean deviation generally within 6 percent. Trace cations except for mercury and selenium were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Samples analyzed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS were analyzed using both prepared multi-element standards and standard water samples obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory. Mercury was determined by two methods. Sixteen samples were analyzed using cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy having a detection limit of 0.005 g/L (Crock, J., USGS, personal communication) and the remainder of the samples were analyzed utilizing cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy with a detection limit of 0.1 g/L. Selenium was determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy. Values of detection limits for each element are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Concentrations of anions in the samples were determined by ion chromatography using a Dionex 500 chromatography system equipped with an AS-14 anion exchange column and using a sodium bicarbonate-sodium carbonate eluent. The estimated precision for the anion analyses is +/- 5 percent except for bromide whose concentrations are near the detection limit. Estimated precision for bromide is +/- 11 percent.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Parameters measured at the wellhead such as temperature and pH and the major and minor element composition of the 47 samples are presented in Table 2. The temperature ranges from 13.8 to 28.7 o 

### C with a mean of 19.6 o 

### C and the pH of the water has a mean of 7.3 and a range of 6.8 to 7. 7. Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranges from 370 to 1,940 mg/L with a mean of 840 mg/L. For comparison, the national drinking water standards recommendation for potable water is 500 mg/L and seawater is about 35,000 mg/L. These samples suggest that TDS in waters in the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone increases from south to north and from east to west (Fig. 6). This trend may be a result of increased water-rock interaction along a flowpath, an increase or change in composition of the ash content of the coal, or other factors not yet recognized. The increase in TDS is generally a result of an increase in the sodium and bicarbonate content of the water. The preliminary data may support other basin-wide trends in constituents. Powder River Basin CBM water has sodium as the dominant cation and bicarbonate as the major anion with the remaining cations and anions contributing less than 16 percent of the TDS (Table 2, Fig. 6). The major element composition of water in this study is in close agreement with water sampled from Tongue River Member coals in June, 1999 by the Water Resources Division of the USGS (Bartos, T., USGS, personal5 

### communication; Swanson and others, 1999). The data differ significantly from values reported in Larson and Daddow, 1984 for waters from the Fort Union Formation in Campbell County. In particular, many of the water analyses in Larson and Daddow have sulfate concentrations in the hundreds to thousands of mg/L, whereas sulfate concentrations in waters from Tongue River Member coals collected in this study range from <0.01 to 12 mg/L with a mean of 2.4 mg/L. As mentioned earlier, data from Larson and Daddow may not represent water from specific coal beds or zones in the Fort Union Formation. Low values of sulfate in the CBM waters analyzed in this report are consistent with water in contact with a coal reservoir that has undergone or is undergoing methanogenesis. Sulfate concentrations in the CBM water have a direct influence on the amount of barium found in the water because barite (barium sulfate) generally controls the solubility of barium in most natural waters (Hem, 1992). Barium concentrations in the water analyzed in this study are relatively high compared to most groundwater because of the low sulfate concentrations. During coalification and methanogenesis, water in contact with the coals is anoxic and reducing. Elements such as iron and manganese, which are soluble as reduced species (Fe2+

### and Mn2+

### ), have concentrations that are relatively high compared to surface water values as a result of the reducing environment. On contact with oxygen in the atmosphere at the surface, the dissolved concentrations of these elements may be expected to decrease significantly. Trace element concentrations in water from the 47 CBM wells sampled in this study are given in Table 3. Concentrations for most of the elements are at or below detection limits. All of the concentrations for elements in Table 3 are below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) given by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Drinking Water Standards (EPA, 1996). No noticeable trends in trace element concentrations are apparent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study would not be possible without the cooperation of many of the companies and operators in the Powder River Basin who kindly gave permission to sample their coalbed methane wells and provided support in locating well sites and sometimes replumbing wellhead configurations. Thanks to Ocean Energy, Barrett Resources, Pennaco Energy, CMS Energy, Hi-Pro Production, Western Gas Resources, and Big Basin Petroleum. Jim Crock of the U. S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Team kindly provided analyses of mercury in water samples by fluorescence spectroscopy.

REFERENCES
Arbogast, B. F., ed.,1996, Analytical methods manual for the Mineral Resources Surveys Program, U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-525, 248 p. Drever, J. I., Murphy, J. W., and Surdam, R. C., 1977, The distribution of As, Be, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb, and U associated with the Wyodak coal seam, Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, Vol. 15, pp. 93- 101.6 

### Ellis, M.S., Stricker, G.D., Flores, R.M., and Bader, L.R., 1998, Sulfur and ash in Paleocene Wyodak-Anderson coal in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: A non-sequitur to externalities beyond 2000: Proceedings of the 23 rd 

### International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization, Clearwater, FL, March 9- 13, 1998. Flores, R.M. and Bader, L.R., 1999, Fort Union coal in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: A synthesis: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625-A, Chapter PS, 49 p., on CD-ROM. Flores, R.M., Ochs, A.M., Bader, L.R., Johnson, R.C., and Vogler, Daniel, 1999, Framework geology of the Fort Union coal in the Powder River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625-A, Chapter PF, 17 p., on CD-ROM. Hem, J. D., 1992, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water: U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2254, 263 p. Larson, L. R., 1988, Coal-spoil and ground-water chemical data from two coal mines;Hanna Basin and Powder River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Openfile report 88-481, 18 p. Larson, L. R. and Daddow, R. L., 1984, Ground-water-quality data from the Powder River structural basin and adjacent areas, northeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file report 83-939, 56 p. Lico, M. S., Kharaka, Y. K., Carothers, W. W., and Wright, V. A., 1988, Methods for collection and analysis of geopressured geothermal and oil field waters: Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2194, 21 p. Swanson, R. B., Mason, J. P., and Miller, D. T., eds., 1999, Water Resources Data, Wyoming, Water Year 1999, Volume 2, Groundwater: U. S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WY-99-2, 125 p. Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (WOGCC), 2000, On-line database accessible at http://wogcc.state.wy.us

.43 

# P o wde r

R ive r Bas in

o 44 o 46 o

45 o 106 o 108 o 104 o



### Sheridan



### Johnson C ampbell

C on v erse Big Horn 

# MT WY

C ook

Washak i

Niobr ar a Natr ona P o w der R iv er Rosebud

West on C ust er

C ar t er F allon

Musselshell Tr easur e

M iles 

### Tf tl

Tf t Tf

t Tf

tr Tfu

T w T

w

QalT wr

0 20 M iles T

er tiary Wasat ch Formation T

er tiary T ongue R iver M ember of the For t Union Formation T

er tiary T ongue R iver and Lebo Shale M embers of the For t Union Formation undiff erentiat ed T

er tiary Tullock M ember of the For t Union Formation Undiff erentiat ed For t Union Formation T

wr

Tf

tl

Tf

t Tf

tr

Tfu T

w 

### Quat ernary alluvium
T

er tiary Whit e R iver Formation Qal



### Approximat e ext ent of the study area Basin axis
Cross sec tion location 

### G le nr o ck She r idan

B u ffalo

K ay c e e G il lett e

Fi g ur e 1.G e ne ralize d ge olo g ic ma p o f the P o wde r R i ve r Bas in,Wyoming and M o n tana s ho w ing the bas in axis,c o un t ies,maj or cit ies,lo ca t io n o f cr oss se c t io n (fi g
.2),and a p p r o xima t e e xt e n t o f the stud y a r ea (mo difie d fr om F lor es and Bade r,1999).

7

### C o al S andst o ne M udst o ne U ndiffe r e n t ia t e d sandst o ne,s il tst o ne,
m udst o ne and limest o ne N o r e c or d 

## W est E ast 52.60 M iles

E levat io n (f

e et)

3700

3100

2500

1900

1300 4900

4300 

### E levat io n (f

e et)

3700

3100

2500

1900

1300 4900

4300

D atum = S ea L evel



### Fi g ur e 2.Cr oss se c t io n s ho w ing an e xam ple o f the c om ple x st ra t i g ra phic r ela t io n s hi p o f c o al b e ds in p a r t o f the To ng ue R i ve r M e m b e r o f the F or t U nio n F or ma t io n.T his cr oss se c t io n is in the c e n t ral p a r t o f the P o wde r R i ve r Bas in,Wyoming nea r the cit y o f G il lett e.(M o difie d fr om F lor es and o the rs,1999).8

### C o ng lome ra t e

S andst o ne
S andst o ne,s il tst o ne, m udst o ne,and limest o ne C o al and ca r b o nac e o us s hale

0 0

1000 feet 300 met ers 

# E o c e ne Wasa t ch
F or ma t io nPaleoceneFort Union FormationTongueRiverMemberLebo ShaleMemberTullockMember



# U p p e r Cr etac e o us

L anc e F or ma t io n (p a r t) Wy o da k-A n de rs on c o a l zon e

K n obl o ch
c o a l zon e S awy e r c o al 

## Wa l l c o a l P aw n e e c o a l

Te r r et c o al 

## Bro a d us c o a l R oseb ud c o al zo ne Br ewst e r -Ar nold c o al B ur le y c o al Smith (S wa r tz) c o al Ande rs o n (D ietz 1,2,& 3, Bi g G e orge,S usse x) c o al Canyo n (M o na r ch) c o al We r ne r (C o ok) c o al

K no blo ch c o al Cal ve r t c o al N anc e c o al F lo w e rs-G o o dale c o al

S awy e r c o al L ay Cr e e k c o al K ing c o al 

## M o y e r c o a l C a ch e c o a l 

## }

} }

- OR -



## Fi g ure 3. C ompos it e st rat i g raphic column s how ing the Upp e r Cretac e o us L anc e F or mat io n (p ar t), and T e r t iar y F or t Unio n and W asatch F or mat io n s in the P owde r Rive r Bas in, W yoming and M o ntana. M a j or c o al b e ds and zo nes in the F or t Unio n F or mat io n are ide nt ifie d. C o al

zo nes or b e ds target e d f or co alb e d methane are b old. (M o difie d f rom F lores and Bade r , 1999)

9

### 43 44 46

45 106 108 104

0 20 M iles



### Fi g ur e 4.M a p s ho w ing the P o wde r R i ve r Bas in,c o un t ies,and lo ca t io n o f
w el l s it es sam ple d for this stud y. 

# P o wde r

R iv e r Bas in MT WY

W ell sample lo cat io n J ohn s o n Campb ell

C o nve rse She r idan P owde r Rive r Cust e r
Roseb ud

Bi g H or n

10

### 11

### Fi g ure 6. D ist r ib ut io n o f to tal diss olve d s olids in wat e r c o-p ro duc e d w ith c o alb e d methane f rom the W

yo dak-Ande rs o n co al zo ne. C ompos it io n o f sele c t e d samples indicat e d by St iff diag ram s. 

# J ohn s o n

0 50 Miles 

# T

otal D iss olve d S oli ds MT WY

Campb ell

C o nve rse She r idan P owde r R ive r Cust e r Roseb ud

Bi g H or n

mg/L

370-500
501-1000 1001-1500
1501-2010 Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4 C ations meq/L Anions

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4

Na + K C a Mg 40 20 0 20 40 Cl HCO 3 SO4 C ations meq/L Anions

Sample 2
Sample 10

Sample 16 Sample 17

Sample 27 Sample 39 Sample 45

Sample 21



### 12Table 1. Information on wells sampled. Information is from Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission well files and completion reports.
Sample Sampling API Well Name Township Range Section Latitude Longitude Total Producing Operator Defined Completion # Date # Depth Interval Producing Date (feet) (feet) Coal 1 6/24/1999 4900534171 Schlautmann 16-10-45-74C 45 74 10 43.88351 105.73106 1432 1386-1432 Canyon 6/18/1999 2 6/25/1999 4900534172 Schlautman 16-10-45-74A 45 74 10 43.88351 105.73129 1175 1112-1175 Anderson 6/18/1999 3 6/25/1999 4900534175 Schlautmann 15-10-45-74C 45 74 10 43.88350 105.73602 1417 1377-1417 Canyon 6/19/1999 4 6/25/1999 4900534176 Schlautmann 15-10-45-74A 45 74 10 43.88350 105.73625 1146 1082-1146 Anderson 6/19/1999 5 8/21/1999 4900534174 Schlautmann 9-10-45-74A 45 74 10 43.88731 105.73128 1225 1160-1225 Anderson 7/13/1999 6 8/17/1999 4900532910 Lange 14-14 48 73 14 44.13226 105.60496 901 828-894 Fort Union 7/21/1998 7 8/18/1999 4900533975 Moser 14-35 48 73 35 44.08870 105.60644 1014 917-1008 Wyodak 2/8/1999 8 8/18/1999 4900534118 Persson-12-33 47 73 33 44.00868 105.64655 1315 1213-1281 Wyodak 7/7/1999 9 8/18/1999 4900534083 Heiland 42-3-4773 47 73 3 44.08138 105.61156 992 918-992 Wyodak 5/18/1999 10 8/19/1999 4900530949 Mankin 14-23 47 72 14 44.04820 105.47708 612 512-612 Wyodak 4/9/1996 11 8/19/1999 4900531919 State 616-22 46 72 22 43.96485 105.51628 915 818-906 Fort Union 5/12/1998 12 8/20/1999 4900532860 W. Fork Flocchini 43-12 44 72 12 43.80146 105.44485 879 798-860 Wyodak 9/29/1998 13 8/20/1999 4900531561 Durham Ranch 1-21-24 44 72 24 43.77962 105.45448 832 711-829 Wyodak 7/8/1997 14 8/20/1999 4900532517 Arch 22-26 43 71 26 43.67377 105.35406 465 386-444 Wyodak 12/2/1998 15 8/21/1999 4900531900 MM 24-7 47 72 7 44.05850 105.55986 853 758-846 Fort Union 4/22/1998 16* 8/21/1999 4900533187 Thunder Edwards 21-7 43 71 7 43.72163 105.43550 606 537-583 Wyodak 9/29/1998 17 9/22/1999 4900533446 Iberlin 31-36 48 77 36 44.09563 106.05625 1335 1208-1342 Big George 10/13/1998 18 9/22/1999 4900535416 Floyd 10-28-51-74 51 74 28 44.36711 105.75997 812 715-762 Anderson 8/16/1999 19 9/24/1999 4900533031 Swanson 13-14-49-72 49 72 14 44.21950 105.48659 531 437-514 Anderson 4/28/1999 20 9/25/1999 4900533964 Hemala 9-19-49-71 49 71 19 44.20856 105.43045 450 369-434 Anderson 5/14/1999 21 9/24/1999 4900530031 Echo 15-19 51 72 19 44.37943 105.55658 562 446-514 Wyodak 3/1/1991 22 9/24/1999 4900529839 Walls Fee 74-7 51 72 30 44.36825 105.55089 480 375-480 Wyodak 5/28/1990 23 9/23/1999 4900534205 Parks Longhorn 6-14-55-73W 55 73 14 44.74927 105.59760 545 493-532 Pawnee 2/16/1999 24 9/23/1999 4900535136 Sorenson 15-28-54-74 54 74 28 44.62670 105.76550 1245 1200-1243 Wall 8/6/1999 25 5/4/2000 4900531234 Durham Ranch 3-31-20-4571 45 71 20 43.86696 105.41218 4837 411-450 Wyodak 1/25/1997 26 5/4/2000 4900533115 Durham Ranch 13-36 45 72 36 43.83005 105.46381 4795 662-746 Wyodak 11/4/1998 27 5/4/2000 4900531760 Durham State 34-16 45 72 16 43.86996 105.51315 4808 643-715 Anderson 5/28/1999 28 5/4/2000 4900531494 Durham Ranch 8-42-11 45 72 11 43.89283 105.46752 4813 514-561 Anderson 8/28/1997 29 5/4/2000 4900539435 Durham Ranch 23-26-4573 45 73 26 43.84389 105.60111 4870 938-1040 Wyodak 4/11/2000 30 5/6/2000 4900532105 Haight 22-25 47 72 25 44.02273 105.45669 4687 1272-1411 Pawnee/Cache 9/20/1999 31 5/6/2000 4900534735 Rourke 8-18-48-71 48 71 18 44.13940 105.42654 4671 414-482 Anderson 7/26/1999 32 5/6/2000 4900535392 McCreery 3-2-48-72 48 72 2 44.17195 105.47718 4645 551-624 Anderson 7/16/1999 33 5/3/2000 4900535985 Steinhoefel 5-7-49-71 49 71 7 44.24217 105.44584 4571 264-310 Anderson 8/25/1999 34 5/3/2000 4900538024 Steinhoefel 5-7-49-71D 49 71 7 44.24185 105.44585 4572 1016-1044 (Moyer) Canyon 2/24/200013Table 1. Continued.
Sample Sampling API Well Name Township Range Section Latitude Longitude Total Producing Operator Defined Completion # Date # Depth Interval Producing Date (feet) (feet) Coal 35 5/5/2000 4900537482 Milne 15-30-49-72 49 72 30 44.18918 105.55771 4888 849-902 Anderson 1/7/2000 36 5/6/2000 4900536125 Meserve 5-3-49-72 49 72 3 44.25615 105.50685 4553 446-490 Anderson 9/9/1999 37 5/5/2000 4900536827 Swansong 15-14-49-73 49 73 14 44.21788 105.5994 4816 841-900 Anderson 11/6/1999 38 5/2/2000 4900531229 Miller 5-32-15 50 72 15 44.31513 105.49627 4443 192-253 Anderson 11/16/1996 39 5/10/2000 4903320335 Floyd 9-29A 54 76 29 44.62621 106.02277 3811 612-656 Anderson 8/16/1999 40 5/10/2000 4900534475 West 12-28CA 56 75 28 44.80021 105.90096 4077 665-688 Canyon 6/27/1999 41 5/9/2000 4900534466 West 6-28CO 56 75 28 44.80393 105.89547 4036 837-896 Cook 11/18/1999 42 5/0900 4900536006 West 6-28WP 56 75 28 44.80351 105.89423 4038 Wall/Pawnee 43 5/9/2000 4900535352 West 16-13CO 56 76 13 44.82480 105.94563 4157 976-1020 Cook 10/29/1999 44 5/8/2000 4900534690 LX-State-1-36C 56 75 36 44.79349 105.82354 3961 645-687 Canyon 5/2/1999 45 5/8/2000 4900535333 LX-State-1-36A 56 75 36 44.79362 105.82395 3956 365-390 Anderson 7/17/1999 46 5/8/2000 4900534425 LX Fee 14-35A 56 75 35 44.78226 105.85366 4030 764-805 Anderson 4/1/1999 47 5/8/2000 4900534424 LX Fee 6-2C 55 75 2 44.77510 105.85416 4044 531-?? Canyon 5/28/1999
* The API number for sample 16 indicates that the well is in Campbell County. However, the Latitude and Longitude place the sample in Johnson County as shown in Figures 4 and 6.14Table 2. Measured parameters and major and minor element concentrations in waters produced with coalbed methane from wells in

the Powder River Basin, WY. Alkalinity is reported as mg/L HCO3 - . Total dissolved solids (TDS) is calculated assuming approximately half of the bicarbonate is lost on evaporation (Hem, 1992). Conductivity measured in lab at 20.0 o C. Temp=temperature; Cond=Conductivity; ND=not determined; SAR=Sodium Adsorption Ratio; S/cm=microsiemens per centimeter; mg/L=milligram per liter; <=detection limit. Sample Temp Cond TDS F Cl SO 4 Br Alkalinity NH4 + Ca K Mg Na Ba Fe Si Sr SAR
# pH o C S/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 1 7.3 25.3 1280 900 0.77 9.2 12 0.14 1000 1.5 52 6.9 16 300 0.59 0.75 5.3 1.0 9.3 2 7.3 22.1 1640 1050 0.55 64 8.4 0.80 1100 2.0 49 5.9 18 350 0.79 0.52 4.4 1.6 11 3 7.3 25.7 1130 730 0.63 7.8 3.4 0.07 840 1.5 39 4.7 9.0 240 0.42 1.0 5.1 0.82 9.0 4 7.3 23.0 1640 1120 0.50 60 1.5 0.85 1170 1.9 56 5.9 18 390 0.80 1.1 4.6 1.8 12 5 7.4 21.7 1480 970 0.61 48 5.1 0.68 1020 2.0 38 6.1 18 340 0.80 1.2 4.7 1.2 11 6 7.0 21.2 1280 840 0.80 9.5 <0.01 0.08 950 3.1 42 14 25 270 1.3 0.79 4.6 0.95 8.1 7 7.0 21.9 1040 660 0.68 8.6 <0.01 0.09 760 3.2 34 12 18 210 0.67 4.9 4.8 0.71 7.3 8 7.1 24.8 1080 700 1.0 9.4 0.89 0.08 800 2.3 41 9.2 15 230 0.62 3.8 5.2 0.85 7.8 9 7.2 23.6 1090 710 1.3 14 1.9 0.08 800 2.9 37 12 24 220 0.83 0.66 5.1 0.75 7.0 10 7.2 18.8 840 530 1.1 12 <0.01 0.09 600 1.9 26 7.2 12 170 0.45 0.29 4.2 0.52 7.0 11 6.9 21.2 860 550 1.7 11 <0.01 0.10 610 2.0 26 10 16 170 0.55 0.55 4.9 0.52 6.5 12 7.1 19.4 770 480 0.99 10 0.75 0.17 550 2.1 27 7.0 11 150 0.52 1.7 4.4 0.56 6.1 13 7.0 19.8 650 400 1.3 9.9 <0.01 0.08 460 1.8 20 5.8 8.2 130 0.32 0.70 4.5 0.38 6.2 14 7.1 15.9 640 390 1.6 6.3 0.73 0.04 440 2.4 19 7.3 9.8 130 0.37 2.4 4.3 0.35 6.0 15 6.9 21.4 990 620 1.1 9.0 0.73 0.07 680 2.5 33 11 19 200 0.71 0.42 4.7 0.65 6.9 16 7.1 17.7 770 470 1.6 10 17 0.09 490 2.4 32 5.9 13 150 0.23 0.58 5.3 0.56 5.7 17 7.6 11.7 3020 2010 ND 16 <0.01 0.11 2320 4.8 9.1 18 28 780 0.69 2.8 7.1 0.84 29 18 7.5 24.8 860 540 0.77 12 0.78 0.10 580 1.1 14 3.9 4.9 220 0.24 0.02 5.8 0.25 13 19 7.4 15.3 1090 780 1.2 8.9 8.6 0.08 890 2.5 44 8.6 21 240 0.62 0.12 3.9 0.85 7.4 20 7.2 17.1 1010 620 1.1 10 4.0 0.08 690 2.1 36 6.3 14 200 0.55 0.15 3.8 0.66 7.1 21 7.0 17.8 1660 1260 0.60 8.9 0.81 0.07 1520 5.3 69 15 46 360 1.4 0.82 4.8 1.9 8.2 22 6.8 16.1 1540 990 1.0 8.9 0.81 0.08 1130 4.0 57 13 36 300 0.95 0.71 4.2 1.3 7.7 23 7.6 15.6 1250 800 0.71 10 3.0 0.08 880 2.3 30 8.1 14 290 0.47 0.42 3.7 0.45 11 24 7.3 26.5 1610 1060 0.50 12 1.3 0.07 1220 3.4 50 14 22 350 1.6 0.55 5.6 0.92 10.4 25 7.3 14.9 1060 660 0.83 12 <0.01 0.04 720 2.0 50 9.6 18 200 0.97 0.63 4.3 1.0 6.3 26 7.1 18.6 650 390 1.2 9.2 0.82 0.05 420 1.7 19 7.3 9.5 130 0.38 0.26 4.5 0.40 6.1 27 7.2 19.3 780 510 0.67 17 0.03 0.09 570 1.4 23 6.3 11 170 0.47 0.30 4.8 0.52 7.3 28 7.3 16.4 630 410 1.1 12 0.01 0.09 450 1.1 17 6.1 8.7 140 0.34 0.17 4.9 0.40 6.9Table 2. Continued.

Sample Temp Cond TDS F Cl SO 4 Br Alkalinity NH4 + Ca K Mg Na Ba Fe Si Sr SAR
# pH o C mS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L 29 7.0 22.1 1200 810 0.88 7.1 1.8 0.02 930 2.5 59 8.0 19 250 0.77 0.84 5.1 1.2 7.1 30 7.4 28.7 470 270 1.4 5.4 0.04 0.03 290 1.1 5.9 3.8 1.6 110 0.14 0.30 5.8 0.10 10.3 31 7.2 15.8 660 420 1.2 9.4 2.9 0.05 460 1.4 18 5.9 7.8 150 0.33 0.28 4.2 0.36 7.3 32 7.1 15.9 750 460 1.0 7.9 1.1 0.03 500 1.3 18 5.1 8.2 170 0.26 0.36 4.1 0.32 8.3 33 7.3 13.8 1230 850 0.91 9.8 2.4 0.08 980 2.7 45 9.0 21 270 0.76 0.39 4.1 0.99 8.3 34 7.5 21.7 570 370 0.98 5.2 0.22 0.02 430 1.2 10 5.1 4.0 130 0.19 0.91 5.2 0.17 8.8 35 7.1 18.2 1300 800 0.79 9.0 0.06 0.04 900 2.5 46 11 22 260 0.86 0.79 4.6 0.94 8.0 36 7.3 14.5 1080 770 0.96 11 0.07 0.05 850 2.7 44 9.7 24 250 0.66 0.36 3.9 0.95 7.6 37 7.2 22.4 1430 940 0.80 11 0.83 0.05 1090 2.6 43 14 25 300 0.87 0.34 4.8 0.95 9.1 38 7.4 13.9 1070 720 0.99 9.5 0.08 0.06 810 2.1 32 8.4 18 240 0.52 0.27 4.1 0.70 8.4 39 7.7 18.4 1850 1240 0.51 11 0.12 0.06 1380 2.0 19 6.6 8.6 500 0.35 0.20 4.7 0.38 24 40 7.6 19.3 2320 1550 0.47 7.7 0.92 <0.02 1760 2.3 27 7.0 18 610 0.59 0.81 4.8 0.42 22 41 7.6 20.1 1860 1270 0.48 13 8.1 0.07 1410 2.6 20 7.3 12 510 0.47 0.80 5.2 0.30 22 42 7.5 23.7 2260 1550 1.4 18 0.07 0.09 1740 2.9 15 8.4 8.7 630 0.58 0.26 5.6 0.27 32 43 7.5 20.4 2810 2000 1.0 14 0.16 0.07 2260 3.4 24 11 15 800 0.75 0.55 5.1 0.33 32 44 7.4 18.7 1580 1050 0.64 11 0.16 0.06 1160 2.3 15 6.2 8.2 430 0.37 0.28 4.7 0.26 22 45 7.6 15.7 2050 1390 0.42 6.4 1.9 <0.02 1570 2.4 35 7.5 19 530 0.62 0.32 4.6 0.69 18 46 7.4 20.5 2380 1600 0.85 6.7 1.6 <0.02 1810 2.4 26 7.7 19 640 0.73 0.19 4.7 0.53 23 47 7.6 21.0 2080 1320 0.56 13 1.2 0.05 1440 3.1 19 8.3 14 540 0.54 0.03 5.1 0.29 23

Mean 7.3 19.6 1300 850 0.92 13 2.4 0.12 950 2.4 32 8.4 16 300 0.62 0.8 4.8 0.70 12Table 3. Trace element concentrations in water produced with coalbed methane from wells in the Powder River Basin, WY. μg/L=microgram per liter. Sample Ag Al As B Be Bi Cd Ce Co Cr Cs Cu Hg La Li Mn Ni

# μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L 1 < 1 <50 0.40 110 < 0.1 28 < 0.1 <10 0.24 < 1 < 0.1 5.2 <0.005 <10 31 71 7.0 2 < 1 <50 0.42 110 < 0.1 23 < 0.1 <10 0.14 < 1 < 0.1 7.3 <0.005 <10 35 59 5.4 3 < 1 <50 < 0.2 100 < 0.1 24 < 0.1 <10 0.22 < 1 < 0.1 5.0 <0.005 <10 24 93 9.8 4 < 1 <50 0.39 100 < 0.1 29 < 0.1 <10 0.18 < 1 0.11 7.6 <0.005 <10 39 79 9.0 5 < 1 <50 0.23 <100 < 0.1 22 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 6.3 <0.005 <10 40 42 9.8 6 < 1 <50 0.67 <100 < 0.1 32 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 0.12 4.2 <0.005 <10 67 50 5.7 7 < 1 <50 0.48 <100 < 0.1 23 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 0.11 5.1 <0.005 <10 53 74 35.4 8 < 1 <50 0.29 <100 < 0.1 27 < 0.1 <10 0.10 < 1 < 0.1 5.5 <0.005 <10 37 90 27.3 9 < 1 <50 0.47 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 0.11 4.0 <0.005 <10 59 12 5.0 10 < 1 <50 0.24 <100 < 0.1 19 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.2 <0.005 <10 44 10 2.2 11 < 1 <50 0.30 <100 < 0.1 27 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.4 <0.005 <10 63 8.0 4.7 12 < 1 <50 0.92 <100 < 0.1 27 < 0.1 <10 0.10 < 1 < 0.1 2.9 <0.005 <10 38 33 13.9 13 < 1 <50 2.6 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.6 <0.005 <10 36 13 5.8 14 < 1 <50 0.63 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.3 <0.005 <10 35 31 18.8 15 < 1 <50 0.27 <100 < 0.1 21 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.6 <0.005 <10 47 12 3.3 16 < 1 <50 1.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.8 <0.005 <10 42 16 4.7 17 < 1 <50 0.21 110 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.16 < 1 0.78 28.6 <0.1 <10 208 20 20.6 18 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.7 <0.1 <10 23 16 < 0.5 19 < 1 <50 0.34 <100 < 0.1 22 < 0.1 <10 0.12 < 1 < 0.1 4.5 <0.1 <10 55 7.0 5.4 20 < 1 <50 0.19 <100 < 0.1 21 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.7 <0.1 <10 35 12 0.77 21 < 1 <50 0.49 <100 < 0.1 28 < 0.1 <10 0.13 < 1 0.20 7.4 <0.1 <10 70 20 8.6 22 < 1 <50 0.37 <100 < 0.1 25 < 0.1 <10 0.12 < 1 0.19 5.8 <0.1 <10 65 20 7.7 23 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 22 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 5.0 <0.1 <10 54 47 3.1 24 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 26 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 0.13 6.1 <0.1 <10 105 101 4.6 25 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.8 <0.1 <10 49 51 4.1 26 < 1 <50 0.88 105 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 1.9 <0.1 <10 34 7.0 1.4 27 < 1 <50 0.25 111 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.4 <0.1 <10 32 14 1.6 28 < 1 <50 < 0.2 112 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 1.9 <0.1 <10 34 1.8 0.87 29 < 1 <50 1.3 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.13 < 1 < 0.1 3.3 <0.1 <10 36 42 7.1 30 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 1.5 <0.1 <10 18 20 2.0 31 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.0 <0.1 <10 31 5.3 1.8 32 < 1 <50 0.48 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 2.3 <0.1 <10 28 29 3.9 33 < 1 <50 0.20 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.7 <0.1 <10 44 9.8 3.2 34 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 1.8 <0.1 <10 22 37 6.9 35 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 23 < 0.1 <10 0.10 < 1 < 0.1 3.8 <0.1 <10 58 39 6.6 36 < 1 <50 0.23 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.10 < 1 0.11 3.4 <0.1 <10 50 24 3.3 37 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 0.10 4.2 <0.1 <10 80 38 3.2 38 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 3.3 <0.1 <10 47 7.2 2.5 39 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.13 < 1 < 0.1 7.4 <0.1 <10 77 45 2.6 40 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 1.2 < 0.1 9.2 0.25 <10 84 30 7.8 41 < 1 <50 0.57 114 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.10 1.0 < 0.1 7.6 <0.1 <10 88 30 6.9 42 < 1 <50 < 0.2 217 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.13 < 1 0.12 9.4 <0.1 <10 122 6.8 2.8 43 < 1 <50 < 0.2 201 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.17 < 1 0.10 12.2 <0.1 <10 150 12 5.0 44 < 1 <50 < 0.2 104 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 6.3 <0.1 <10 64 22 3.0 45 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 8.2 <0.1 <10 72 82 3.0 46 < 1 <50 < 0.2 <100 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 < 0.1 < 1 < 0.1 9.7 <0.1 <10 99 9.6 2.2 47 < 1 <50 < 0.2 120 < 0.1 <20 < 0.1 <10 0.10 < 1 < 0.1 8.4 <0.1 <10 114 18 5.3Table 3. Continued. Sample P Pb Rb Sb Sc Se Sn Th Ti Tl U V W Y Zn Zr

# μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L μg/L 1 <50 0.43 9.0 < 2 2.0 <2 0.1 <20 <50 0.34 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 80.4 <50 2 <50 0.19 8.8 < 2 2.0 <2 1.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 11.7 <50 3 <50 < 0.1 6.4 < 2 3.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 6.7 <50 4 <50 0.23 9.0 < 2 3.0 <2 5.5 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 4.8 <50 5 <50 < 0.1 9.6 < 2 3.0 <2 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 2.5 <50 6 <50 < 0.1 20.8 < 2 2.0 <2 0.2 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 2.3 <50 7 <50 < 0.1 19.2 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 2.5 <50 8 <50 < 0.1 15.7 < 2 1.0 <2 1.3 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.8 <50 9 <50 < 0.1 21.2 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.3 <50 10 <50 < 0.1 10.1 < 2 1.0 <2 0.8 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 11 <50 < 0.1 19.0 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 12 <50 < 0.1 11.6 < 2 2.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 13 <50 < 0.1 9.7 < 2 2.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 4.6 <50 14 <50 < 0.1 11.6 < 2 2.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 15 <50 < 0.1 19.8 < 2 2.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 16 <50 < 0.1 9.5 < 2 3.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.6 <50 17 <50 < 0.1 38.2 < 2 2.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 9.8 <50 18 <50 < 0.1 5.2 < 2 < 0.1 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 2.7 <50 19 <50 < 0.1 10.7 < 2 < 0.1 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 5.6 <50 20 <50 < 0.1 7.6 < 2 < 0.1 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.1 <50 21 <50 < 0.1 19.3 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 4.1 <50 22 <50 < 0.1 17.9 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 3.8 <50 23 <50 < 0.1 8.8 < 2 < 0.1 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 4.7 <50 24 <50 < 0.1 18.7 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 3.6 <50 25 <50 < 0.1 11.9 < 2 0.4 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.2 <50 26 <50 < 0.1 11.1 < 2 0.5 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 27 <50 < 0.1 8.1 < 2 0.5 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 28 <50 < 0.1 6.7 < 2 0.4 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 29 <50 0.12 11.3 < 2 0.7 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 30 <50 < 0.1 4.1 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 31 <50 < 0.1 6.3 < 2 0.6 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.1 <50 32 <50 < 0.1 5.5 < 2 0.6 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.8 <50 33 <50 < 0.1 9.6 < 2 0.4 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.2 <50 34 <50 < 0.1 5.2 < 2 0.7 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 35 <50 < 0.1 13.8 < 2 0.6 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 2.8 <50 36 <50 < 0.1 10.0 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 2.7 <50 37 <50 < 0.1 18.2 < 2 1.1 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.7 <50 38 <50 < 0.1 9.2 < 2 1.0 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.2 <50 39 <50 < 0.1 8.0 < 2 1.4 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.0 <50 40 94 < 0.1 9.0 < 2 1.5 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.6 <50 41 83 < 0.1 9.1 < 2 1.5 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 0.19 <20 <10 1.0 <50 42 71 < 0.1 10.6 < 2 1.5 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 43 88 < 0.1 13.8 < 2 1.4 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.6 <50 44 <50 < 0.1 7.4 < 2 1.2 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 45 <50 < 0.1 8.0 < 2 1.2 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 46 <50 < 0.1 9.6 < 2 1.2 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 < 1 <50 47 <50 < 0.1 10.2 < 2 1.3 <2 < 0.1 <20 <50 < 0.2 < 0.1 < 0.2 <20 <10 1.4 <50